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Pharaonic Egypt Through the Eyes of a European Traveller and Collector
Pharaonic Egypt through the eyes of a European traveller and collector Excerpts from the travel diary of Johann Michael Wansleben (1672-3), with an introduction and annotations by Esther de Groot Esther de Groot s0901245 Book and Digital Media Studies University of Leiden First Reader: P.G. Hoftijzer Second reader: R.J. Demarée 0 1 2 Pharaonic Egypt through the eyes of a European traveller and collector Excerpts from the travel diary of Johann Michael Wansleben (1672-3), with an introduction and annotations by Esther de Groot. 3 4 For Harold M. Hays 1965-2013 Who taught me how to read hieroglyphs 5 6 Contents List of illustrations p. 8 Introduction p. 9 Editorial note p. 11 Johann Michael Wansleben: A traveller of his time p. 12 Egypt in the Ottoman Empire p. 21 The journal p. 28 Travelled places p. 53 Acknowledgments p. 67 Bibliography p. 68 Appendix p. 73 7 List of illustrations Figure 1. Giza, BNF Ms. Italien 435, folio 104 p. 54 Figure 2. The pillar of Marcus Aurelius, BNF Ms. Italien 435, folio 123 p. 59 Figure 3. Satellite view of Der Abu Hennis and Der el Bersha p. 60 Figure 4. Map of Der Abu Hennis from the original manuscript p. 61 Figure 5. Map of the visited places in Egypt p. 65 Figure 6. Map of the visited places in the Faiyum p. 66 Figure 7. An offering table from Saqqara, BNF Ms. Italien 435, folio 39 p. 73 Figure 8. A stela from Saqqara, BNF Ms. Italien 435, folio 40 p. 74 Figure 9. -
The Image of Justinianic Orthopraxy in Eastern Monastic Literature
The Image of Justinianic Orthopraxy in Eastern Monastic Literature 2 From 535 to 546, the emperor Justinian issued a series of imperial constitutions which sought to regulate the activities of monks and monasteries. Unprecedented in its scope, this legislative programme marked an attempt by the emperor to bring ascetics firmly under the purview of his government. Taken together, its rulings legislated on virtually every aspect of the ascetic life, prescribing a detailed model of ‘orthopraxy,’ or correct behaviour, to which the emperor demanded monks adhere. However, whilst it is clichéd to evoke Justinian’s status as a reformer of the law, scholars continue to view these orthopraxic rulings with some uncertainty. This is a reflection, in part, of the difficulties faced when attempting to judge the extent to which they were ever adopted or enforced. Studies of the emperor’s divisive religious policies have tended to focus instead upon matters of doctrine and, in particular, Justinian’s efforts to enforce his view of orthodoxy upon anti-Chalcedonian, monastic dissidents. This paper builds upon recent work to argue that the effects of Justinian’s monastic legislation were, in fact, widely felt.1 It will argue that accounts of the mid-sixth century by Eastern monastic authors reveal widespread familiarity with the rulings on ascetic practice contained in the emperor’s Novels. Their reception reveals the extent of imperial power over ascetics during this period, frequently presented as one in which the ‘holy man’ exercised almost boundless social and spiritual authority. I will concentrate on three main examples to illustrate this point, chosen to represent a suitable cross-section of the contemporary monastic movement: Cyril of Scythopolis’ Life of Sabas, the Life of Z‘ura in the Lives of the Eastern Saints by John of Ephesus, and the Coptic texts which detail the career of the Egyptian monastic leader, Abraham of Farshut.2 ORTHOPRAXY IN JUSTINIAN’S MONASTIC LEGISLATION Firstly, however, we must discuss Justinian’s monastic laws in greater detail. -
C. 600) Texts and Contexts*
A CIRCLE OF EGYPTIAN BISHOPS AT THE END OF ROMAN RULE (C. 600) Texts and Contexts* 1. Introduction It is perhaps not unfair to suggest that such persons as John of Paralos, Constantine of Assiut, and John of Hermopolis are far from well-known to late antique historians1. But each of these persons belongs to a wider episcopal circle which is witnessed in a striking range of extant media: in manuscripts, in documents, and even in some artefacts. The mem- bers of that circle all operated during the tenure of the Severan Damian of Alexandria (577-c. 606)2, of whom Damian’s extant biography, as now contained in the History of the Patriarchs of Alexandria, states the following: There were in his [Damian’s] epoch some people of miracle, bishops, who were admired because of their pureness and holiness. Among them [was] John of Burlus and John his pupil. And Constantine the Bishop [of Assiut] and John the blessed Enkleistos [of Hermopolis], and others with him who were taking care of the vineyard of the Lord of Sabaoth3. * I would like to thank Marek Jankowiak and Elisabeth O’Connell for their comments, and Johannes den Heijer and Perrine Pilette for their corrections to the text, and expertise on the History of the Patriarchs of Alexandria. 1 Note that I do not attempt to be consistent between Greek and Coptic toponyms when attached to different bishops, but offer the name which is most embedded in modern scholarship e.g. Constantine of Assiut rather than Constantine of Lykopolis, but Abraham of Hermonthis rather than Abraham of Ermant. -
ACLED) - Revised 2Nd Edition Compiled by ACCORD, 11 January 2018
EGYPT, YEAR 2015: Update on incidents according to the Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project (ACLED) - Revised 2nd edition compiled by ACCORD, 11 January 2018 National borders: GADM, November 2015b; administrative divisions: GADM, November 2015a; Hala’ib triangle and Bir Tawil: UN Cartographic Section, March 2012; Occupied Palestinian Territory border status: UN Cartographic Sec- tion, January 2004; incident data: ACLED, undated; coastlines and inland waters: Smith and Wessel, 1 May 2015 Conflict incidents by category Development of conflict incidents from 2006 to 2015 category number of incidents sum of fatalities battle 314 1765 riots/protests 311 33 remote violence 309 644 violence against civilians 193 404 strategic developments 117 8 total 1244 2854 This table is based on data from the Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project This graph is based on data from the Armed Conflict Location & Event (datasets used: ACLED, undated). Data Project (datasets used: ACLED, undated). EGYPT, YEAR 2015: UPDATE ON INCIDENTS ACCORDING TO THE ARMED CONFLICT LOCATION & EVENT DATA PROJECT (ACLED) - REVISED 2ND EDITION COMPILED BY ACCORD, 11 JANUARY 2018 LOCALIZATION OF CONFLICT INCIDENTS Note: The following list is an overview of the incident data included in the ACLED dataset. More details are available in the actual dataset (date, location data, event type, involved actors, information sources, etc.). In the following list, the names of event locations are taken from ACLED, while the administrative region names are taken from GADM data which serves as the basis for the map above. In Ad Daqahliyah, 18 incidents killing 4 people were reported. The following locations were affected: Al Mansurah, Bani Ebeid, Gamasa, Kom el Nour, Mit Salsil, Sursuq, Talkha. -
Pollen Atlas of the Flora of Egypt 5. Species of Scrophulariaceae
Pollen Atlas of the flora of Egypt * 5. Species of Scrophulariaceae Nahed El-Husseini and Eman Shamso. The Herbarium, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt. El-Husseini, N. & Shamso, E. 2002. The pollen atlas of the flora of Egypt. 5. Species of Scrophulariaceae. Taeckholmia 22(1): 65-76. Light and scanning electron microscope study of the pollen grains of 47 species representing 16 genera of Scrophulariaceae in Egypt was carried out. Pollen grains vary from subspheroidal to prolate; trizonocolpate to trizonocolporate. Exine’s sculpture is striate, colliculate, granulate, coarse reticulate or microreticulate. Seven pollen types are recognized and briefly described, a key distinguishing the different pollen types and the discussion of its systematic value are provided. Key words: Flora of Egypt, pollen atlas, Scrophulariaceae. Introduction The Scrophulariaceae is a family of about 292 genera and nearly 3000 species of cosmopolitan distribution. It is represented in the flora of Egypt by 50 species belonging to 16 genera, 8 tribes and 3 sub-families (El-Hadidi et al., 1999). Within the family, a wide range of pollen morphology exists and provides not only an additional parameter for generic delimitation but also reinforces the validity of many of the larger taxa. Erdtman (1952), gave a concise account of the pollen morphology of some members of the family. Several authors studied and described the pollen of species of the family among whom to mention: Risch (1939), Ikuse (1956), Natarajan (1957), Verghese (1968), Olsson (1974), Elisens (1985c & 1986), Bolliger & Wick (1990) and Argu (1980, 1990 & 1993). Material and Methods Pollen grains of 47 species representing 16 genera of Scrophulariaceae were the subject of the present investigation. -
Ewa Wipszycka Resources and Economic Activities of the Egyptian Monastic Communities (4Th-8Th Century)
Ewa Wipszycka Resources and economic activities of the Egyptian monastic communities (4th-8th century) The Journal of Juristic Papyrology 41, 159-263 2011 159_263 Wipszycka po kor_OK_105 str.qct:009-020 DERDA 8/28/12 9:44 PM Page 159 The Journal of Juristic Papyrology vol. xli (2011), pp. 159–263 Ewa Wipszycka RESOURCES AND ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES OF THE EGYPTIAN MONASTIC COMMUNITIES (4TH–8TH CENTURY)* his is not my first article with terms ‘monastic communities’ and 1 T‘economy’ in the title. Therefore, I should begin with an explanation of the scope of this text to give the reader an idea of its content. It focus- es on aspects of monastic economy that I have not yet discussed in detail. Lengthy passages concern the baking of bread in monasteries and her- mitages, as well as pottery production. I devoted a lot of space to the sub- * Abbreviations: The apophthegms in alphabetical order (those of the so-called Alphabetikon or Geron- tikon) are cited as follows: after the name of the monk to which the tradition attributes the given apophthegm I give two numbers: the first one is the number in the group of apophthegms in which that monk is the central figure and the second one (in paren theses) is the number of the apophthegm in the whole collection (e.g. Antony 1[1]). Edition of the alphabetical collection: J. B. Cotelerius (1677), reprint in Patrologia Graeca 65 (71–440); English translation I used: Benedicta Ward, The Sayings of the Desert Fathers. The Alphabet- ical Collection, Kalamazoo 1975. o B - Vita Bohairica – edition: L. -
3161522761 Lp.Pdf
Studien und Texte zu Antike und Christentum Studies and Texts in Antiquity and Christianity Herausgeber/Editors Christoph Markschies (Berlin) · Martin Wallraff (Basel) Christian Wildberg (Princeton) Beirat/Advisory Board Peter Brown (Princeton) · Susanna Elm (Berkeley) Johannes Hahn (Münster) · Emanuela Prinzivalli (Rom) Jörg Rüpke (Erfurt) 69 James E. Goehring Politics, Monasticism, and Miracles in Sixth Century Upper Egypt A Critical Edition and Translation of the Coptic Texts on Abraham of Farshut Mohr Siebeck James E. Goehring, born 1950; 1968 BA from UC Berkeley; 1972 MA from UC Santa Barbara; 1981 PhD in Early Christian Studies from Claremont University; currently Professor of Religion at the University of Mary Washington in Fredericksburg, Virginia. e-ISBN PDF 978-3-16-152276-5 ISBN 978-3-16-152214-7 ISSN 1436-3003 (Studien und Texte zu Antike und Christentum) The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbiblio- graphie; detailed bibliographic data are available on the Internet at http://dnb.dnb.de. © 2012 by Mohr Siebeck, Tübingen, Germany. www.mohr.de This book may not be reproduced, in whole or in part, in any form (beyond that permitted by copyright law) without the publisher’s written permission. This applies particularly to reproductions, translations, microfilms and storage and processing in electronic systems. The book was printed by Laupp & Göbel in Nehren on non-aging paper and bound by Buchbinderei Nädele in Nehren. The Greek and Coptic fonts in this work are available from www.linguistsoftware.com. Printed in Germany. For Linda Preface This volume represents an interest that has spanned my academic career. In 1983, I delivered a paper at the international conference on the Roots of Egyptian Christianity in Claremont, California, entitled “New Frontiers in Pachomian Studies,” in which I explored the nature of the available sources, noting their concentration on the movement’s early history and the relative dearth of information on its later years. -
Abadah Ibn Al-Samit, 1528 Abadion, Bishop of Antinoopolis, 1551 Abadir
Index Page numbers in boldface indicate a major discussion. Page numbers in italics indicate illustrations. A_______________________ Aaron at Philae, Apa, 1955 Ababius, Saint, 1, 2081 ‘Abadah ibn al-Samit, 1528 Abadion, Bishop of Antinoopolis, 1551 Abadir. See Ter and Erai, Saints Abadyus. See Dios, Saint Abamu of Tarnut, Saint, 1, 1551 Abamun of Tukh, Saint, 1-2, 1551 Abarkah. See Eucharistic wine Abba origin of term, 2-3 see also Proestos; specific name inverted Abba Maqarah. See Macarius II ‘Abbas Hilmi I Khedive, 1467,1636, 1692 ‘Abbas Hilmi II, Khedive, 1693, 1694, 1988 Abbasids compared with Umayyad administration, 2287 and Islamization, 937 Tulunid and Ikhshid rule, 2280-2281 Abbaton, 2, 1368, 1619 Abbot, 2-3 hegumenos and, 1216 provost and, 2024 see also Abba; specific names inverted ‘Abdallah, 3 ‘Abdallah Abu al-Su‘ud, 1993 ‘Abdallah ibn Musa, 3-4 ‘Abdallah ibn al-Tayyib, 6, 1777 Vol 1: pp. 1-316. Vol 2: pp. 317-662. Vol.3: pp. 663-1004 Vol 4: pp. 1005-1352. Vol 5: pp. 1353-1690. Vol 6: pp. 1391-2034. Vol 7: pp. 2035-2372 ‘Abdallah Nirqi, 4 evidence of Nubian liturgy at, 1817 example of Byzantine cross-in-square building at, 661 Nubian church art at, 1811-1812 ‘Abd al-‘Aziz, Sultan, 893 ‘Abd al-‘Aziz ibn Marwan (Arab governor of Egypt), 85, 709, 1303 ‘Abd al-‘Aziz ibn Sa‘d al-Din, 5 Abdelsayed, Father Gabriel, 1621 ‘Abd al-Malak, Saint, 840 ‘Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan, Caliph, 239, 937 ‘Abd al-Malik ibn Musa ibn Nasir, Caliph, 1411 ‘Abd al-Masih (manuscript), 5 ‘Abd al-Masih,Yassa, 1911 doxologies studied by, 1728 ‘Abd al-Masih ibn Ishaq al-Kindi, 5 ‘Abd al-Masih al-Isra’ili al-Raqqi, 5-7 ‘Abd al-Masih, known as Ibn Nuh, 7 ‘Abd al-Masih Salib al-Masu‘di, 7, 14, 1461 on Dayr al-Jarnus, 813 on Dayr al-Khadim and Dayr al-Sanquriyyah, 814 on Dayr Sitt Dimyanah, 870, 871 and Iqladiyus Labib, 1302 and Isidhurus, 1307 on Jirjis al-Jawhari al-Khanani, 1334 on monastery of Pisentius, 757 ‘Abd al-Raziq, ‘Ali, 1996 ‘Abd al-Sayyid, Mikha’il, 1465, 1994 ‘Abduh, Muhammad, 1995 Abednego, 1092 Abfiyyah (martyr), 1552 Abgar, King of Edessa, 7-8, 1506 Abib. -
Durham E-Theses
Durham E-Theses Spatial patterns of population dynamics in Egypt, 1947-1970 El-Aal, Wassim A.E. -H. M. Abd How to cite: El-Aal, Wassim A.E. -H. M. Abd (1977) Spatial patterns of population dynamics in Egypt, 1947-1970, Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/7971/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk SPATIAL PATTERNS OF POPULATION DYNAMICS , IN EGYPT, 1947-1970 VOLUME I by Wassim A.E.-H. M. Abd El-Aal, B.A., M.A. (Graduate Society) A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Social Sciences for the degree of Doctor of PhDlosophy Uru-vorsity of Dm n?n' A.TDI 1077 The copyright of this thesis rests with the author No quotation from it should be published without his prior written consent and information derived from it should be acknowledged Professor J. -
Remembering Abraham of Farshut: History, Hagiography, and the Fate of the Pachomian Tradition
Remembering Abraham of Farshut: History, Hagiography, and the Fate of the Pachomian Tradition JAMES E. GOEHRING <abs>Evidence preserved in three panegyrics on Abraham of Farshut, the last Coptic orthodox archimandrite of the Pachomian Koinonia, indicates that ideological divisions within the federation brought on by the Council of Chalcedon led to its decline and ultimate failure within Egypt. During the reign of Justinian I, pro-Chalcedonian elements within the Koinonia gained complete control, forcing Abraham and the other Coptic orthodox monks to depart. When Egypt remained non-Chalcedonian, the latter-day pro- Chalcedonian Pachomian movement became irrelevant and lost its place in history. While Byzantium and the West continued to trace the history of coenobitic monasticism back from their own northern Mediterranean ascetic heroes to the early Pachomians, the Coptic church tracked its development from the early Pachomians through Shenoute and his White Monastery federation to the present. As a result, Shenoute came to eclipse Pachomius within the Coptic tradition, while he remained virtually unknown in Byzantium and the West. </abs> The limited and fragmentary sources on the life of Abraham of Farshut, the last Coptic orthodox archimandrite of the central Pachomian Monastery of Pbow, offer a fascinating glimpse into the historical and literary processes that shaped the memory of the Upper Egyptian coenobitic movement within the Coptic community following the divisions wrought by the Council of Chalcedon. While knowledge of the Egyptian movement in the Byzantine Empire and the West became frozen in its focus on the untainted heroes of . -
Pious and Impious Christian Rulers According to Egyptian Historiography 111
Alberto Camplani Pious and Impious Christian RulersAccording to Egyptian Historiography and Hagiography: AFirst Survey of the Evidence An effective waytostudythe evolving attitude of the Alexandrian patriarchateto- wards the political power is to trace the imageofthe good Christian emperorin the multiplicity of its historicalrepresentations. In this regard,wide-rangingresearch is needed on how the see of Alexandria presents itself on the religious and political level over the centuries in the histories and the hagiographicaltexts produced within the bishopric or in the circles close to it,deeplyconnected to the institutional and collective dimension of the church.¹ In this context the process should be highlighted that leads from the archivalactivity of the patriarchatetothe production of tales, tra- ditions, stories,which are based on the documentation preserved in the archives,² but are also provided with their own life, theirown images, their own grammar. The patriarchateproducedhistoriographical works conceivedofasasequence of documents and polemical narratives, here and there provided with shortanecdotes. It also created histories of martyrs and saints, normallyconnected to this same doc- umentation, but marked by amore pronounced tendencytorelate episodes or to ex- press ahistorical assessment through images and symbols. The permanence and the reworking of the samemotifs and images through the ages served the function of em- phasizing the sense of continuity and eternal orthodoxy of Alexandria.³ The texts selected in the present contribution are the expression not simplyofan individual author,but rather of anetwork of church relations, in which multiple voi- ces try to emerge – the voices of different groups defending theirinterests, their tra- ditions, and their contribution to the life of the Egyptian church, such as the clergy, the monks, and engaged laity.Irecentlyinvestigated⁴ the changingrole of historical Forapresentationofthe historiographyofthe episcopateofAlexandria see A. -
Review of Ewa Wipszycka, Moines Et Communautés Monastiques En Égypte (Ive-Viie Siècles) Caroline T
University of the Pacific Scholarly Commons College of the Pacific aF culty Articles All Faculty Scholarship Summer 9-1-2011 Review of Ewa Wipszycka, Moines et communautés monastiques en Égypte (IVe-VIIe siècles) Caroline T. Schroeder University of the Pacific, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/cop-facarticles Part of the History of Religion Commons, and the Religious Thought, Theology and Philosophy of Religion Commons Recommended Citation Schroeder, C. T. (2011). Review of Ewa Wipszycka, Moines et communautés monastiques en Égypte (IVe-VIIe siècles). Journal of Early Christian Studies, 19(2), https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/cop-facarticles/98 This Book Review is brought to you for free and open access by the All Faculty Scholarship at Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in College of the Pacific aF culty Articles by an authorized administrator of Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Book Reviews Ewa Wipszycka Moines et communautés monastiques en Égypte (IVe–VIIIe siècles) The Journal of Juristic Papyrology Supplements XI Warsaw: Warsaw University and Raphael Taubenschlag Foundation, 2009 Pp. xx + 687. $120.00. No scholar of early Christian monasticism or late antique Egypt should be with- out this book. The culmination of Ewa Wipszycka’s life’s research, it provides indispensable analyses of most aspects of Egyptian monasticism prior to the Arab conquest. Wipszycka has edited and reworked her previous publications, adding new material and reorganizing prior work, to produce a new, stand-alone monograph. Only a couple of earlier essays appear unrevised. The first two chapters on literature and documentary evidence (papyri, ostraca, and inscriptions) introduce the book’s textual sources and their limitations.