Boston University Photonics Center Annual Report 2019 The above image is an overview of MEMS mirror design. The image, featuring Professor David Bishop’s research, is a false color SEM image of the MEMS magnet mirror, comprised of four bimorphs that lift a polysilicon platform off the substrate. A 250 μm cubed N52 magnet is attached to the platform using a custom pick and place micro-gluing technique and a gold plated mirror is glued on top of the magnet using the same gluing technique. (Source: Reprinted with permission from © The Optical Society. C. Pollock, J. Javor, A. Stange, L. K. Barrett, and D. J. Bishop, “Extreme angle, tip-tilt MEMS micromirror enabling full-hemispheric, quasi-static optical coverage,” Optics Express, 2019, 27(11), 15318-15326.)

Front cover image: Coupled nonlinear metamaterials, featuring a self-adaptive or intelligent response, serve to enhance the signal-to-noise ratio of magnetic resonance imaging by more than tenfold. (Source: X. Zhao, G. Duan, K. Wu, S.W. Anderson, and X. Zhang, “Intelligent metamaterials based on nonlinearity for magnetic resonance imaging,” Advanced Materials, 2019, 31(49): 1905461. Copyright Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA. Reproduced with permission.) Letter from the Director THIS ANNUAL REPORT summarizes activities of the Boston University Photonics Center for the 2018-2019 academic year. In it, you will find quantitative and descriptive information regarding our photonics programs in education, interdisciplinary research, business innovation, and technology development.

Located at the heart of Boston University’s urban campus, the Photonics Center is an interdisciplinary hub for education, research, scholarship, innovation, and technology development associated with practical uses of light. Our nine-story building houses world-class research facilities and shared laboratories dedicated to photonics research, and sustains the work of 47 active (and 6 emeritus) faculty members, 14 staff members, and more than 100 graduate students and postdoctoral fellows. Over the past Over the past year the income from grants that were awarded to year the income Photonics Center faculty totaled about $30M, a record achievement. This increase in grant support has strengthened our capacity to train from grants that students, make innovative discoveries, and impact society. A significant were awarded factor in that uptick in funding is associated with our NSF to Photonics Engineering Research Center (ERC) on Cellular Metamaterials – a Center faculty multi-institutional effort that we administer. totaled about $30M, a record It was a year in which members of our community received numerous distinctions and awards for their transformative research achievement. efforts. Professor David Bishop was elected to the National Academy of Engineering, the premier professional society for engineers, for his work on optical switch technology. Professor Siddharth Ramachandran was named a Vannevar Bush Faculty Fellow, the Department of Defense’s most prestigious single-investigator award, for his work on orbital angular momentum. Professor Xin Zhang was singled out by the University for two notable awards. She was named Innovator of the Year, an honor bestowed annually by Boston University on a faculty member who translates world-class research into inventions and innovations that benefit humankind. And she was selected to give the Charles DeLisi Award Distinguished Lecture, an honor recognizing faculty at Boston University who have made outstanding contributions to engineering and society.

Professor Ji-Xin Cheng was named the 2019 winner of the Ellis R. Lippencott Award by the Optical Society of America, Coblentz Society and the Society for Applied Spectroscopy, honored specifically for the outstanding contributions in inventing and developing a broad spectrum of vibrational spectroscopic imaging technologies with ground-breaking discoveries and clinical applications. Professor Cheng’s postdoctoral research associate, Dr. Jie Hui, was awarded the SPIE-Franz Hillenkamp Fellowship, and the Photonics Center became a sustaining supporter of that fellowship program. Professors Stephan Anderson and Lee Goldstein were awarded a major grant from the Massachusetts Life Sciences Center Letter from the Director (cont’d) (MLSC) to create a state-of the-art facility to accelerate development of novel brain imaging techniques to track subtle changes in the brain after neurotrauma. Assistant Professor Jerry Chen received a prestigious High-Risk, High-Reward New Innovator Award from the NIH. Three of our Assistant Professors, Michelle Sander, Lei Tian, and Brian Walsh received NSF CAREER Awards to accelerate their thriving research programs. Beta Bionics, a public benefit corporation founded by BU Professor Ed Damiano and incubated in the Photonics Center’s Business Innovation Center, raised another $63M for their effort to bring an artificial pancreas to market.

In the coming year, we will launch an effort to revise and update our Center’s strategic plan. For more than two decades our Center has served as one of the University’s prominent research peaks and as a model for its expanding interdisciplinary programs that highlight impactful research. Our new strategic plan will be anchored by continuing commitments to leadership in academic achievement, innovative research, and immersive interdisciplinary training.

Dr. Thomas Bifano

Director, Boston University Photonics Center BU Photonics Center Annual Report 2019

1 | By the Numbers

2 | Highlights of FY19

6 | Photonics in the World

14 | Mission Statement

15 | Major Projects Managed by the Center

16 | Educational Programs and Initiatives

18 | Business Innovation Center

21 | Events and Programs

24 | Facilities and Equipment

26 | Strategic Goals

27 | Scholarly Work of the Photonics Center Faculty

35 | Faculty List

39 | Faculty Committees

40 | Leadership and Staff

41 | List of Awarded Grants BY THE NUMBERS $2.4M FY19 operating budget 183 archival publications $26M FY19 research expenditures 4 shared labs

faculty members53 from 86 funded R&D projects with

funding departments10 $29.7M for R&D

14 representing 27PIs and staff members

25 center news posts 151 proposals submitted for 32+ $50M public events

All figures reflect FY19 data.

1 - BOSTON UNIVERSITY PHOTONICS CENTER Highlights of FY19

BU Photonics Center the lead for undergraduate researchers, government Continues to Play a Prominent training initiatives. She will also officials, graduate students, Role in $20M Five-Year NSF manage ERC safety training. and industry participants. ERC Proposal Award Photonics Center staff member Invited speakers from Boston Cynthia Kowal manages University, Columbia University, The Photonics Center hosted budgets and compliance Duke University, Harvard the 1st annual National Science for the ERC and reviews University, MIT, Stony Brook Foundation (NSF) site visit of and submits supplemental University, University of the Engineering Research Center program proposals; Meghan Washington, and University of (ERC) on Cellular Metamaterials Foley is serving as Financial Wisconsin, Madison represented (CELL-MET) on March 20-22, Manager for the ERC; and international leaders in the field. 2019. As the capstone for the Beth Mathisen is serving as the Industry attendance represented initial year of what could be an Events Manager for the ERC. over 40 people from more than up to 10-year award, the site 25 different companies. The visit team was comprised of Photonics Center staff lunch break featured an optional subject matter experts in diversity, members Nozomi Ito and panel discussion entitled: “Are work force development, and Brenda Hugot are dedicated there Investment Opportunities technology. With respect to the ERC staff, with Nozomi in Tissue Engineering/ science, the site visit team had Ito serving as full-time Regenerative Medicine.” The nothing but the highest praises Administrative Manager and panel was comprised of a leading for the team’s accomplishments. Brenda Hugot serving in a part- venture investor (Broadview), a time capacity as Administrator. corporate venture investor (J&J The BU Photonics Center Joshua Albert is serving as Innovations) and an experienced faculty and staff continue to Communications Specialist for deal maker (Rocaton Investment play a prominent role in all the ERC. Photonics Center Advisors). The day closed aspects of the ERC. Photonics leadership and staff are working with networking and a student Center Professor David Bishop collaboratively with partners research poster session. is serving as PI and Director at the University of Michigan of the ERC. Photonics Center (UM) and Florida International One New Photonics Center Director Thomas Bifano is University (FIU) to conduct Faculty Member leading the Imaging Thrust project activities. area; Director for Finance, This year, the Photonics Center Administration & Personnel The 22nd Annual Photonics welcomed new faculty member Management Cara Ellis McCarthy Center Symposium on Assistant Professor Maria is leading the Administrative Frontiers of Cardiac Tissue Kamenetska from the Chemistry team as Administrative Director, Engineering department. Her research focuses after assuming the role from on understanding the structure the retiring Robert Schaejbe; This year, the annual Photonics of intermolecular interfaces and and Director of Technical & Center symposium focused on its effects on the function in Industry Programs Thomas Cardiac Tissue Engineering, biological and man-made devices. Dudley is leading the Innovation the theme of the CELL-MET Thrust. Manager for Operations Engineering Research Center. and Technical Programs Helen Professor Chris Chen chaired Fawcett has led the Diversity the conference, which drew Thrust, until transitioning into over 200 academic

ANNUAL REPORT 2019 - 2 Photonics Center Professor Xin Bishop was elected to the in a straight line, swirl downward Zhang Named 2018 Boston National Academy of like a spiral staircase. University Innovator of the Year Engineering (NAE), the premier professional society Photonics Center Assistant Photonics Center Professor Xin for engineers, for his body of Professors Michelle Sander, Zhang was named the 2018 Boston work on high-capacity optical Lei Tian, and Brian Walsh University Innovator of the Year, switch technology. The NAE is Receive the National Science and was the first woman chosen part of the National Academies Foundation (NSF) Career for the honor. She was awarded the of Sciences, Engineering, Award prestigious honor for her exemplary and Medicine, and provides research on metamaterials in engineering leadership in service Photonics Center Assistant Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) to the nation. The NAE has Professors Michelle Sander, Lei and acoustic technologies. The more than 2,000 peer-elected Tian and Brain Walsh received award is given to a faculty member members, with notable members the NSF Career Award. Career who “translates his/her world- including the late Apple grants are a program from the class research into inventions and CEO Steve Jobs, astronaut NSF for promising early career innovations that benefit humankind.” Neil Armstrong, and Draper scientists that have a maximum Professor Zhang is the Director of Laboratory Founder Charles funding amount of $500,000 and the Laboratory for Microsystems Stark Draper. last five years. Professor Sander Technology. will use the award to work on Photonics Center Professor non-invasive ways to sample Photonics Center Professor Ji-Xin Siddharth Ramachandran cancerous brain cells; Professor Cheng Receives 2019 OSA Ellis R. Named Vannevar Bush Lei Tian will work on optical Lippincott Award Faculty Fellow by Department intensity diffraction tomography of Defense (DoD) with multiple scattering; and Photonics Center Professor Ji- Professor Brian Walsh will Xin Cheng was selected as the Photonics Center Professor continue his research on space 2019 recipient of the Optical Siddharth Ramachandran was physics. Society (OSA) Ellis R. Lippincott named the Vannevar Bush Award. The honor is awarded to an Faculty Fellow, the DoD’s most Photonics Center Professor individual who has made significant prestigious award for a single Siddharth Ramachandran contributions to the vibrational investigator. The fellowship Elected SPIE Fellow and spectroscopy and is jointly sponsored program aims to advance IEEE Fellow by OSA, the Coblentz Society and transformative, university-based the Society for Applied Spectroscopy. fundamental research. The 10 Photonics Center Professor Professor Cheng was honored fellows included in the 2019 Siddharth Ramachandran was specifically for the outstanding class will join 55 current fellows, elected an International Society contributions in inventing and who conduct research in areas of Optics (SPIE) Fellow and developing a broad spectrum of of importance to the DoD. Institute of Electrical and vibrational spectroscopic imaging Fellows engage directly with Electronics Engineers (IEEE) technologies with ground-breaking the DoD to collaborate with Fellow. He was elected Fellow discoveries and clinical applications. DoD laboratories and share of the SPIE for his work on insights with DoD leadership structured and singular light Photonics Center Professor David and the broader national beams and their applications Bishop Elected to National security community. Professor to quantum and atom Academy of Engineering Ramachandran plans to use the optics, sensors, telecom and support of the fellowship to biophotonics. SPIE Fellows Photonics Center Professor David explore the existence of light are distinguished members beams that instead of streaming

3 - BOSTON UNIVERSITY PHOTONICS CENTER who have made significant fellowship program. raised another $63M for its artificial scientific, technical and autonomous bionic pancreas, bringing community contributions in Photonics Assistant Professor the company’s total capital to $137M. the multidisciplinary fields of Jerry Chen Awarded High-Risk, Beta Bionics was founded by Boston optics, photonics, and imaging. High-Reward New Innovator University Biomedical Engineer Ed Professor Ramachandran was Award by National Institutes of Damiano. elected Fellow of IEEE, the Health (NIH) world’s leading professional The capital will allow the company to association for advancing Photonics Center Assistant commercially launch the iLet Bionic technology, for his work on Professor Jerry Chen was awarded Pancreas System, which is currently in the spatial complexity of light. a $2.5M New Innovator Award a clinical trial phase at Massachusetts by the NIH to study the neural General Hospital. The system is Photonics Center Professor code of the brain. This award is embedded with clinically-tested Ji-Xin Cheng’s Postdoc one of four high-risk, high-reward mathematical dosing algorithms that Awarded Prestigious research awards presented by autonomously calculate and dose insulin SPIE-Franz Hillenkamp the NIH each year. This award and/or glucagon as needed, based on Postdoctoral Fellowship supports exceptionally creative data from a continuous glucose monitor. early career investigators who Beta Bionics has a presence in an Photonics Center Professor propose innovative, high-impact incubator lab at the Photonics Center Ji-Xin Cheng’s Postdoc Dr. projects in the biomedical, at BU, as well as a 15,000-square-foot Jie Hui was recently awarded behavioral or social sciences with manufacturing facility in Irvine, CA. the prestigious SPIE-Franz the NIH mission. This fall, the company will open an Hillenkamp Postdoctoral office in Concord, MA. Fellowship to work on light- Photonics Center Professors based approaches to treat Lee Goldstein and Stephan Photonics Center Professors Xin MRSA-related diseases. The Anderson Awarded Zhang and Stephan Anderson award will support Dr. Hui’s Massachusetts Life Sciences Publish Article on Magnetic diagnostic and therapeutic Capital Grant Metamaterials in Nature research as well as his efforts to translate his benchtop Photonics Center Professors Photonics Center Professors Xin Zhang advancements into clinical Lee Goldstein and Stephan and Stephan Anderson have published successes. Anderson were awarded a $4.9M a significant article on Magnetic Massachusetts Life Sciences Metamaterials in Nature. The article The SPIE-Hillenkamp Capital Grant award through their “Boosting Magnetic Resonance Imaging Fellowship is a partnership role as Co-Directors of the Center Signal-to-Noise Ratio using Magnetic with three founding for Translation Neurotrauma Metamaterials,” discusses research on international biomedical Imaging (CTNI). The grant will be the MRI including the development laboratories: the Wellman used to develop new brain imaging of a magnetic metamaterial enabling Center for Photomedicine, techniques to better understand a boost in radio frequency field the Manstein Lab in the diseases like Chronic Traumatic strength, yielding a dramatic increase Cutaneous Biology Research Encephalopathy (CTE) and of the Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR). Center at Massachusetts Alzheimer’s. This development could have the General Hospital, and potential for clinical translation, the Medical Laser Center Beta Bionics, BU Spinout offering enhancements in SNR, image Lübeck. This year, the Boston Incubated at Photonics Center, resolution, and scan efficiency, leading University Photonics Center Raised Another $63M for to an improvement of this diagnostic joins the partnership as a Artificial Pancreas tool. hosting lab. Going forward the Photonics Center will become Beta Bionics, a startup that was a sustaining supporter of the incubated at the Photonics Center, ANNUAL REPORT 2019 - 4 Photonics Center Professors Xin Zhang and Stephan Anderson Publish Article on Metamaterial Silence in Physical Review B

Photonics Center Professors Xin Zhang and Stephan Anderson have published a significant article on metamaterial silencing in Physical Review B. The article, “Ultra-open Acoustic Metamaterial Silencer Based on Fano- like Interference,” discusses research that enables high-performance sound silencing in a design featuring a large degree of open area. This research could be applied to scenarios where highly efficient, air-permeable sound silencers are required, including smart sound barriers, and fan or engine noise reduction.

5 - BOSTON UNIVERSITY PHOTONICS CENTER Photonics in the World

BU ENG’S XIN ZHANG IS BU’S 2018 benefit humankind.” The award was presented last night INNOVATOR OF THE YEAR during BU Connect, an annual research and innovation showcase. Zhang is the ninth faculty member and the CITED FOR TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH ON USE OF METAMATERIALS IN MRI, ACOUSTIC TECHNOLOGIES first woman to win the award. by Joel Brown “Professor Zhang’s ability to carry out pioneering and Photo Credit: Cydney Scott exceptionally creative work in a wide range of fields is a model and inspiration for other faculty members— particularly females,” says Gloria Waters, vice president and associate provost for research and a Sargent College of Health & Rehabilitation Sciences professor of speech, language, and hearing sciences. “Her ability to translate fundamental discoveries into practical applications is exceptional. I am certain that both her current and future work will have a major impact on society.”

What exactly are metamaterials, anyway? Zhang defines them as artificial materials in small-scale structures that essentially act like atoms, designed to react to electromagnetic or acoustic stimulation. Xin Zhang is well-known for her pioneering work with metamaterials in areas as diverse as magnetic resonance In letters nominating Zhang for the award, colleagues imaging (MRI), downwell sensor technology for the oil cited three examples of her efforts to take research and industry, and noise-cancellation acoustics. A College of transform it into work that can benefit the public. Engineering professor of mechanical engineering and materials science and engineering, she is the director Working with Stephan Anderson, a School of Medicine of BU’s Laboratory for Microsystems Technology professor of radiology and section chief of abdominal (LMST), which focuses on interdisciplinary research imaging in Boston Medical Center’s radiology in microelectromechanical and nanoelectromechanical department, Xiaoguang Zhao (ENG’16), a recently systems. named MED research assistant professor of radiology, and Guangwu Duan (ENG’18), Zhang has used novel “Zhang is a creative innovator. You describe a resonating metamaterials to vastly improve the signal-to- problem to her and she can solve it,” says Michael noise ratio in MRI systems, which are used to diagnose Pratt (Questrom’13), managing director of BU’s medical problems from brain cancer to acute knee Office of Technology Development. “She’s a go-to injuries to appendicitis. person for getting something done. It’s a true quality of an engineer, right? She can use these fundamental Zhang and Anderson have established the start-up technologies and solve important problems across company Primetaz to translate the scientific findings various domains.” to clinical applications, drawing interest from major companies involved with MRI technology. “The Zhang’s translational research has earned her this year’s project’s successful application will improve the scanning Innovator of the Year award, bestowed annually by the efficiency and image resolution for MRI and potentially University on a faculty member who “translates his/her help millions of patients,” wrote Mark Grinstaff, ENG world-class research into inventions and innovations that Distinguished Professor of Translational Research, ANNUAL REPORT 2019 - 6 an ENG professor of biomedical engineering, and a “but may be rewarding too.” College of Arts & Sciences professor of chemistry, in Anderson says this new technology could also lead to his letter nominating Zhang for the award. Grinstaff is new functions in medical ultrasound technology, “doing also director of the Nanotechnology Innovation Center. things that are simply not possible now, using new devices.” Zhang, he says, “is intellectually completely Another research project helmed by Zhang has led to unfettered. No silos, no limits.” the creation of a kind of antenna that receives data from miniaturized sensors flowing through pipes Zhang earned a PhD at Hong Kong University of deep down inside oil wells. Zhang, Duan, and Zhao Science and Technology and did postdoctoral research developed a wireless fluidic readout platform for at MIT. She joined BU in 2002. She received a National miniaturized sensors, which monitors factors such as Science Foundation Faculty CAREER Award in 2003 pressure and temperature inside the wells. The sensors and in 2009 was named ENG’s inaugural Distinguished flowing through a tube are interrogated and charged Faculty Fellow, an honor given to tenured engineering wirelessly using microwave metamaterials. The patent faculty. Despite the complex nature of her work in Zhang filed on this technology has attracted attention her Photonics Center LMST lab, she is clear about and interest from the oil and energy industry, because what drives her: solving problems with real-world it will enable better monitoring of the downhole applications. environment of oil wells, potentially boosting efficiency and enabling early warnings of quality or safety issues. “I am interested in: can you make an impact?” Zhang says. “The problem has got to be difficult enough that it The third project sounds like something straight out of has not been solved, and important enough.” science fiction. Zhang, Anderson, and doctoral student Reza Ghaffarivardavagh (ENG’20) have created a new LIGHTING UP THE BRAIN method of airborne sound attenuation—structures DAVID BOAS, BU NEUROPHOTONICS CENTER DIRECTOR with openings that allow air and light to move through, AND BRAIN IMAGING PIONEER, USES LIGHT TO but made out of metamaterials designed to cancel ILLUMINATE OUR THOUGHTS out specific frequencies of unwanted sound. It’s not a by Andrew Thurston Photos by: Janice Checchio sound barrier, but rather a passive structure capable of disruptive interference to cancel out the sound waves passing through it. The invention, currently in the proof-of-concept stage, could, for example, one day make it possible to reduce the noise from a loud fan

“Zhang is a creative innovator. You describe a problem to her and she can solve it. She’s a go-to person for getting something done.” without reducing its airflow. Asked about her most important skills, Zhang talks about her ability to spot Faced with a problem, David Boas will invent a way good students and a willingness to try unexpected around it. Boas, the founding director of the Boston approaches. “Learn to fail, instead of fail to learn,” she University Neurophotonics Center and a world leader says. in the field of neurophotonics, which uses light to peer inside the living brain, built a homemade Ethernet “Acoustic metamaterials is a new field. No one nearby connection to speed his doctoral research (one year is working on this field,” Ghaffarivardavagh says. before the first web browser was unveiled) and wrote “The reason we have reached this point is because the a software program to make a girlfriend’s research professor is willing to work on very novel science that go faster. The machines he engineers to shed light on has not been developed,” because it’s too risky to try, the inner workings of the brain—from sophisticated

7 - BOSTON UNIVERSITY PHOTONICS CENTER microscopes to lasers that beam infrared light through to use light to interact with the brain,” says Thomas the skull—are often peppered with homespun Bifano, director of the BU Photonics Center. “He’s ingenuity: he once jammed coffee stirrers into a wheel going to make a difference in our understanding of the of color filters rotating under a microscope, using them brain, specifically by making tools that allow us to see to trigger a camera as each color whirled by, in order to it in ways we haven’t seen it before.” show how blood absorbs different wavelengths of light. Watching Brains Eat Even family pets can inspire his inventive spirit. Whenever Boas’ wife traveled for work, she’d always The human brain is a voracious eater, gobbling call to make sure the cats were safely back inside up about 20 percent of the body’s oxygen supply. for the night. Rather than policing the kitty door, Whenever you think, feel, or act, oxygen-rich blood Boas started puttering. He sketched out a system, rushes to the part of the brain doing the work, fueling built around an open-source microcontroller, to your thoughts. It’s that literal rush of blood to the head automatically log each cat’s return and report back. that Boas, a professor of biomedical engineering, is able to track with light. “He decided to build us, not a simple camera, but a sensor that detects and recognizes which cat is entering In recent projects, Boas has used infrared light— by the spectral signature of their fur,” says his wife, shone into the head by a functional near-infrared Maria Angela Franceschini. As Boas tinkered with his spectroscopy (fNIRS) machine—to see human brain tabby tracker, he gently encouraged the pets in and out activity during surgery, memory creation and retrieval, of the door—over and over again. “He terrorized my and even the humble headache. In fNIRS studies, cats,” jokes Franceschini, also a leading neurophotonics sensors called optodes—“It’s like an electrode, but it’s researcher and an associate professor at Harvard optics rather than electronics,” says Boas—are placed Medical School. “And there were wires everywhere. on a subject’s head, often attached to something that You have no idea how many projects he starts.” looks like a swim cap. The optodes transmit infrared light, which can travel about 5 to 10 mm beneath the The Neurophotonics Center, the first facility of its kind skull, into the cortex. Some of the light is absorbed in the United States and only the second in North by hemoglobin, the oxygen-delivering protein in red America, pulls in 30 faculty from fields as diverse as blood cells, and the rest bounces back to the surface, biology, mechanical engineering, brain sciences, and where additional optodes detect it. Boas compares it to nanomedicine. Its mission, says Boas, who formerly holding a flashlight against your hand and watching it taught at Harvard Medical School and was the founder glow red. of the Optics Division of the Martinos Center at Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), is to cultivate technologies that give researchers new insights into the brain. Most of Boas’ work is funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and feeds into its ambitious BRAIN Initiative, a decade-long, multibillion-dollar project to speed the development and application of innovative neurotechnologies.

Since opening in fall 2017, the BU Neurophotonics Center has started studies analyzing the brain as it recovers from a stroke, confronts autism, and slides into dementia. It’s also helping to nurture a community of student neurophotonics researchers with a $2.9 million National Science Foundation Research David Boas and his team can look 5 to 10 mm beneath the skull Traineeship. using functional near-infrared spectroscopy machines, which includes flexible caps fitted with optodes that transmit and detect “David is the pioneer of techniques and methods light.

ANNUAL REPORT 2019 - 8 By sending infrared light at two wavelengths, of his fNIRS systems—commercialized by a company researchers can track and map neural activity through called TechEn—have been distributed around the shifts in the levels of oxy- and deoxyhemoglobin, world. blood cells packed with—or stripped of—oxygen. The initial feedback looks similar to an electrocardiogram, A Boas-built fNIRS machine sits in a sparsely with moving lines of blue (deoxyhemoglobin) and red decorated test room on the first floor of the Rajen (oxyhemoglobin) bouncing across the screen as blood Kilachand Center for Integrated Life Sciences & levels change. Researchers can work with the raw data Engineering. Plastic boxes on the shelves are stuffed from each optode or use it to plot a heat map of brain with the fibers used to relay signals from fNIRS activity. optodes to a box resembling a high-end audio system. The box is lined with laser diodes and photodetectors “I study hemodynamics as a surrogate of brain and hooked up to a PC, which helps translate the activation,” says Boas. “I measure blood flow because signals. Boas, who founded the Society for functional I’m very interested in how oxygen is delivered to the Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and the journal brain, how it’s consumed by the brain.” Neurophotonics, wrote the software most widely used Boas says that’s because the first neuroscientist for decoding fNIRS signals (the latest version is called he worked with at MGH was a stroke researcher. HOMER2). Together, they pioneered the application of laser speckle contrast imaging—which measures shifts in “We don’t give beautiful pictures of the brain,” he says, a pattern of light—in neuroscience, using it to map contrasting fNIRS to functional magnetic resonance blood flow during a stroke. imaging (fMRI), which produces lush snapshots of brain cross sections, “but we give really good functional maps of what’s happening.” “He’s going to make a difference in our understanding of the brain, specifically It’s also considerably cheaper and quicker than by making tools that allow us to see it fMRI—and doesn’t confine subjects inside a clunking in ways we haven’t seen it before.” appliance; they can travel as far as the fibers will let them.

“Stroke is all about insufficient oxygen delivered Boas’ latest study, funded in part by the National to the brain. Oxygen delivery and consumption is Institute of General Medical Sciences, examines really a mass balance equation, which is good for a the potential of fNIRS to objectively monitor pain, physicist who likes simple problems,” says Boas, whose particularly in the operating room. When you’re doctorate is in physics, but who taught electrical knocked out for surgery, the anesthetic means you’re engineering and computer science at Tufts, then not conscious of the excruciating slicing and stitching, radiology at Harvard Medical School. Track the oxygen but the pain is still there, so you’re dosed with and you can figure out how the brain is reacting not analgesics, too. According to a study in the Annals of only during or after a stroke, but during just about Surgery, anywhere from 10 to 40 percent of surgery every other neural activity. “Oxygen comes in and goes patients wake with persistent—chronic, hardwired— out and the difference is what was consumed by the pain; for some that may be because they didn’t get tissue. I can understand that and so I developed the enough analgesia while under the knife: “You may tools to measure that.” not consciously remember it, but your body becomes sensitized to that feeling,” says Boas. Using fNIRS, Boas One of those tools is an fNIRS machine. When Boas and David Borsook, director of the Pain and Imaging got into neurophotonics, in the early 1990s, it was Neuroscience Group at Boston Children’s Hospital, such a new field—only 40 academic papers had been found they could accurately measure pain levels by published on the subject—he had to build his own. placing optodes on the motor sensory and prefrontal Today, you can buy an fNIRS machine off the shelf, cortexes, then using infrared light to watch the brain including the one he developed. Boas says about 100 process the discomfort. When the researchers applied heat or electrical stimulus to the hand or face, they saw 9 - BOSTON UNIVERSITY PHOTONICS CENTER an increase in oxyhemoglobin in the motor sensory Neurophotonics Center work space where new tools cortex—unless the subject had been given morphine. and technologies are built and tested. Those given the painkiller didn’t register the stimulus as painful. One project, using fNIRS to look into the brains of “The next step is to take that into the operating room,” people with autism, finished its pilot phase in January says Boas. An impartial measure of discomfort could 2018. The Neurophotonics Center collaborated with also have broader applications, such as figuring out Helen Tager-Flusberg, a College of Arts & Sciences pain levels in infants or people with dementia. professor of psychological and brain sciences and director of the Center for Autism Research Excellence, Not all of his work focuses on lighting up human on a study of the mirror neuron system, a circuit brains. Boas has also made advances in microscopy, that clicks into action when executing a task or when using light to look inside the brains of animals. That’s watching someone else do the same. It’s “considered unusual, says Meryem Ayşe Yücel, an ENG research a foundational mechanism that underlies social assistant professor, who followed Boas from MGH: understanding and interaction,” says Tager-Flusberg. most neurophotonics researchers specialize in one part of the field, just studying humans, say, or developing new technology. In 2004, for example, Boas was the first to use optical coherence tomography, a technology that uses reflected light to build 3-D maps of blood flow, to measure brain function. Today, he’s applying it during in vivo animal model studies to test therapies that could reverse faltering blood flow after a stroke and improve patient outcomes.

Inside the Autistic Brain

For researchers at BU, having an fNIRS expert on campus is already opening new possibilities. Boas has The BU Center for Neurophotonics isn’t just a lab for testing started a handful of fNIRS projects with faculty across existing equipment, it’s a space for building and incubating the latest technologies. Researchers are currently using 3-D printers to BU and expects to begin another eight this year. Some customize the caps worn by fNIRS test subjects; even the model examples: Robert Stern a School of Medicine professor, heads, used to check fit and positioning, are printed. is exploring the technology’s potential as a screening tool for early-stage Alzheimer’s disease; Swathi Kiran, With Yücel, she used fNIRS to monitor healthy adults a College of Health & Rehabilitation Sciences: Sargent completing—and observing others completing—two College professor, is using it to measure how the tasks, one straightforward (mailing a card through brain responds in real time to language therapy after a a wide mail slot), one a little tougher (a narrow stroke. mail slot). Tager-Flusberg says fNIRS showed “the core regions of the brain associated with the mirror “We know very little about the brain and so neuron system were activated in both execution and neuroscientists are always hungry for new tools to observation of the actions,” especially during the help them better understand it,” says Boas. “What’s tougher task. Having piloted the study with healthy wonderful about coming to BU is I have all of these adults, she plans to adapt it for use with children, and basic cognitive scientists who are really excited then children with autism. about adopting the technology. They knew about the technology, but they didn’t have access to it and it was “We’d like to know how early we see similar kinds too much of a barrier for them to figure it out, but now of brain activity underlying this capacity to link that I’ve come here and we’re starting the center, it’s action and perception of action in young children really easy to support.” using fNIRS, because no one has done that using this modality before,” says Tager-Flusberg, who has used Two mannequin heads sit on tables in a BU ANNUAL REPORT 2019 - 10 electrophysiology—which measures electrical activity on designs for the souped-up optodes that will form to show the timing, but not the location, of brain the system itself. Each optode—complete with circuit activity—for similar research in the past. “If David board and all the light-throwing and light-grabbing had not come here and opened the Neurophotonics technology currently housed in the big box—will be Center—and been so inviting to collaborators—I smaller than a penny. would never be doing these studies.” “To reach that small size, we need to use the latest Observing the Brain outside the Clinic technologies from smartphones,” says Boas, who already holds nine patents. “The investment per True to his inventing spirit, Boas is already building generation is quite big, so we want to be sure we get a better fNIRS system. “This box is disappearing,” it right the first time. It’s challenging, but I’m pretty he says of the stereo-size rig with its dangling confident.” stream of fiber optic cables. “We’re now building wearable systems. The electronics have gotten so He expects the first prototype to be ready this year much better that we don’t need this big box: we can and to have built 1,000 optodes—enough for about put the light sources, photodetectors, digitizers, and 20 complete systems—within five years. The project minicomputers on the head.” is funded by the NIH: “It’s an interesting grant,” says Boas. “It’s to build and disseminate.”

While other wearable systems are already available, they’re shipped with optodes fixed in place and offer limited coverage of the brain. The BU-developed version would work in conjunction with a custom- made cap generated using the 3-D printer and flexible plastics, allowing researchers to decide where the optodes should go and which parts of the brain to illuminate. Existing fNIRS machines like the one Boas first developed can cost up to $250,000, but he says the new system should be closer to $5,000.

For researchers like Tager-Flusberg, it will mean the Postdoctoral fellow Bernhard Zimmermann is working with Boas on a new fNIRS system that ditches the tangle of cables in many chance to move brain studies out of the lab and into the current setups. It will allow researchers to study human interaction real world. outisde of the lab. “With the mobile technology he’s developing, you’ll be In the Neurophotonics Center’s second lab space able to use fNIRS to study the interaction between two in the Life Science and Engineering Building, two people, and we know so little about that,” she says. “It rooms are dedicated to making prototypes of the new will really allow us to study social phenomena, social portable system. The first is a tinkerer’s dream. One engagement in a way we never have before.” wall is covered in small workshop drawers; opposite, a 3-D printer stands ready with spools of plastic thread. Boas is also positioning the Neurophotonics Center A dozen small pieces of numbered bendy plastic— to act as an incubator for other new technologies, each one flat, red, about the size of a smartphone, and connecting photonics whizzes and their tech crisscrossed with a diagonal grid—are laid out next to breakthroughs to neuroscientists with problems to the printer. Students in the lab are testing the flexible solve. The center will help with studies to evaluate the plastics for use in the system’s cap. technology in the field and then, when it becomes more advanced, move it out to individual labs across the In an adjacent room, postdoctoral fellow Bernhard University. Zimmermann, another MGH recruit, is working

11 - BOSTON UNIVERSITY PHOTONICS CENTER His next idea? Using soundwaves. Boas has just professionals in business, academia and government received an ultrasound machine, which he says will be who are among the world’s most accomplished able to measure blood flow in an entire mouse brain. engineers, according to the NAE. Members are It might not use light to illuminate the brain, he says, nominated and elected based on contributions but it’s still all about waves. “I’m super excited about it. to engineering research, practice or education; Even though we’re not ultrasound people, we can take pioneering or advancing fields of engineering; and ideas from optics and apply it and do really innovative professional integrity. Notable members include stuff.” the late Apple Chief Executive Officer Steve Jobs, astronaut Neil Armstrong, synthetic biology pioneer DAVID BISHOP ELECTED TO THE George Church, transistor co-inventor John Bardeen NATIONAL ACADEMY OF ENGINEERING and Draper Laboratory Founder Charles Stark BECOMES THIRD BU ENGINEER TO JOIN PRESTIGIOUS Draper. SOCIETY As one of only three members of the NAE at BU, by Liz Sheeley the other two are President Robert A. Brown and Director of the Center for Remote Sensing and Research Professor Farouk El-Baz (Archaeology, ECE), Bishop stands out—but he says that as BU and the College of Engineering continue to grow, he wouldn’t be surprised if more faculty are recognized in this way.

“The College of Engineering has had amazing growth over the past 10 to 15 years, and awards like this is an example of the recognition that the University and College are getting shows that we’ve When Division Head of Materials Science and moved into the upper echelons of engineering Engineering Professor David Bishop (ECE, Physics, schools,” he says. MSE, ME, BME) checked his phone last Thursday afternoon, he was stunned by what he saw. After a He also adds that this is one of the top honors of 50-year research career, Bishop received the news via an engineer’s career and he’s not sure how it could e-mail that he had just been elected to the National get much better than this. But that doesn’t mean his Academy of Engineering (NAE), the premiere career is over by any means. professional society for engineers. “Right now I’m 67 and I’m in the middle of the “It’s an amazing group of people and I’m humbled to biggest intellectual challenge of my life,” he says. be a part of it,” says Bishop. “I feel like the only rational response in this situation is to feel honored. I feel Bishop is heading up the interdisciplinary team at gratitude, surprise and humility.” BU and two other universities that, under a National Science Foundation Engineering Research Center The NAE pointed to his work in high-capacity optical grant, are working to develop personalized heart switch technology he worked on at his 33-year stint at tissue. Bell Labs as a major accomplishment to highlight. This was also the reason that he was elected to the National “I’m part of a team that’s working to create an all- Academy of Inventors last year. encompassing solution for heart disease that might save the lives of millions of people,” says Bishop. To The NAE is part of the National Academies of Sciences, him, this long-term research is akin to playing in his Engineering, and Medicine, and provides engineering own Super Bowl. “We haven’t won yet, but we are leadership in service to the nation. It has more than part of this cohesive and extraordinary team that’s 2,000 peer-elected members, drawn from senior constantly strategizing and working together to meet ANNUAL REPORT 2019 - 12 our goal.”

Bishop feels just as he did when he began his career in science when he was 17 years old— excited to solve really difficult problems. “I always knew I wanted to be a scientist—even when I was 10 or 11 years old,” he says. “And if you asked me when I was that age what type of career I wanted to have, it would have been the career that I have had.”

13 - BOSTON UNIVERSITY PHOTONICS CENTER Mission Statement

THE BOSTON UNIVERSITY to strong proposals and the Technology Development PHOTONICS CENTER eventual award of the Engineering generates fundamental knowledge Research Center (ERC) on Cellular The Photonics Center’s technology and develops innovative technology Metamaterials in October 2017. development activities focus on in the field of photonics. We work emerging photonic applications on challenging problems that are Academic and Entrepreneurial in healthcare. With the successful important to society, we translate Programs and Initiatives for completion of the NSF-sponsored, enabling research discoveries into Students member-supported Industry- useful prototypes, and we educate University Cooperative Research future leaders in the field. While the Photonics Center does not Program (I/UCRC) on Biophotonic offer academic degrees, the faculty Sensors and System and the This mission is executed through: teach a broad array of graduate and Center for Innovation in Point of • Basic research and scholarship undergraduate courses that cut across Care Technologies for the Future in photonics. traditional departmental curricula. of Cancer Care, the Innovation • Academic and entrepreneurial Beyond the classroom, students Ecosystem, developed as part of programs and initiatives for engage in diverse entrepreneurial the CELL-MET activities, will be students. activities, including internships the primary driver for technology • Technology development for with companies in the Business development. healthcare, defense, and security Innovation Center, opportunities applications. for engagement/networking with Business Innovation and • Business innovation and industry, particularly with members Commercialization of Photonics commercialization of photonics of the ERC, and participation in the Technology technology. annual Photonics Center Symposium. The NSF Research Experiences for The Photonics Center is a leader The Photonics Center community Undergraduates (REU) in Integrated in commercialization of photonics of faculty, students, and staff Nanomanufacturing (INM) technology, an activity that is engage in numerous interdisciplinary completed its final no cost-extension anchored by its Business Innovation collaborations to further the field. year, and under the umbrella of Center (BIC). Individual tenant Below are examples of how the the Engineering Research Center, companies continue to demonstrate Photonics Center and its diverse REU and Research Experiences growth, attract business financing, community executes each of the for Teachers (RET) participants and demonstrate commercial four pillars supporting our mission. at BU, FIU, and UM researched potential. BIC currently has nine cellular metamaterials this past tenant companies and has allotted Basic Research and Scholarship summer. The RET site in Integrated space to companies expected to in Photonics Nanomanufacturing was awarded move into the Center in early renewal and will now support training FY20. These companies continue Photonics Center faculty are for an additional three years. The to be valued participants in the involved in research in diverse RET program focuses on providing Photonics Center community. fields of study with areas of Engineering support and training for Preferential selection of prospective strength in biophotonics, imaging, middle and high school teachers from tenants that work in areas aligned nanophotonics, nonlinear and public schools with high percentages with the research and scholarship quantum photonics, and photonic of low income families and activities of Photonic Center faculty materials and devices. The Center community college faculty members. creates an environment rich with has always had a strong cross- These programs also provide BU opportunities for collaboration disciplinary research effort in graduate researchers diverse training and growth in sponsored research. Biomedical Engineering (BME) and mentoring opportunities not The BIC companies have also and the strength of collaborations often included as part of a graduate contributed significantly to student between the Materials group, education experience. training and mentoring. cell engineering in BME and optogenetics and imaging, led

ANNUAL REPORT 2019 - 14 MAJOR PROJECTS MANAGED all trainees have access to the many of the award, only two students BY THE CENTER benefits and opportunities afforded by participated in the program starting our traineeship grant. Our program’s on June 3, 2019. Four thematic The Center continues to administer emphasis is on community building, research areas serve as the foundation and manage several large grants from collaborations, interdisciplinary for this renewal: 1. nanosystems that proposal writing through post-award research, and professional development generate, sense, and manipulate, administration, including the NSF opportunities for trainees. Within the 2. nanofabrication of photonic sponsored Engineering Research Center community of trainees, there is a limited and electronic nanostructures, (ERC) for Directed Multiscale Assembly number of trainees with fellowships 3. nanomaterials synthesis and of Cellular Metamaterials with (Fellows). The fellowship provides characterization, and 4. nanophotonics Nanoscale Precision, entitled CELL- stipend, tuition and fees from NSF for neurophotonics and development of MET; the NSF NRT Understanding the two years. Fifty-five trainees have been photonic devices. These themes are Brain: Neurophotonics; the NSF RET accepted into the training program not comprehensive, but align with Site in Integrated Nanomanufacturing; including 14 fellowship recipients. More major research strengths and ongoing and the newly renewed NSF REU Site information about the NSF NRT UtB: research at BU. BU’s major academic in Integrated Nanomanufacturing. Neurophotonics can be found on the research centers in Nanotechnology, program website: http://www.bu.edu/ Materials Science, Photonics, and NSF ERC: Directed Multiscale neurophotonics-nrt/. Neurophotonics provide a compelling Assembly of Cellular Metamaterials intellectual backdrop for the proposed with Nanoscale Precision NSF Research Experiences for site. Each participant is immersed in Teachers (RET) Site in Integrated independent problem-based research, The ERC program is intended to Nanomanufacturing (INM) progressing from basic proficiency create an innovative inclusive culture and building to open ended discovery. in engineering to cultivate new ideas The National Science Foundation REU’s are co-mentored by faculty and pursue engineering discovery Research Experiences for Teachers and graduate students, and become that achieves a significant science, Site in Integrated Nanomanufacturing mentors for teachers from underserved technology, and societal outcome. was renewed in April 2018. The communities in a complementary CELL-MET has a vision to develop first cohort for the renewed site will NSF RET Site. Participants technologies and processes to grow start on July 1, 2019. Teachers were receive training in integrated clinically significant cardiac tissue that recruited from local schools with high nanomanufacturing fundamentals, tool can repair/replace damaged heart needs, high populations of students usage, communication skills, career muscle. This is a comprehensive from economically disadvantaged development, and graduate school technology program with significant backgrounds, and schools with high preparation. broader impacts in Workforce percentages of minority students Development, K-12 to graduate and interested in the field of engineering. post-graduate Training and Technology The focus of the renewed RET Transfer, and the Cultivation of an site includes materials synthesis Innovation Ecosystem. Photonics and characterization, photonic and Center staff play significant leadership electronic nanostructures, integration roles in the research, inclusiveness, of nanosystems, and neurophotonics training, administration, and technology that fall within three broad themes transfer efforts of CELL-MET. of integrated nanomanufacturing: nanophotonics (NP), nanostructures NSF NRT: Understanding the Brain (NS), nanomedicine (NM). (UtB): Neurophotonics NSF Research Experiences for The National Science Foundation Undergraduates (REU) Site in National Research Traineeship Program Integrated Nanomanufacturing - Understanding the Brain (UtB): Neurophotonics was awarded in August The National Science Foundation 2016. BU was one of two awards in Research Experiences for the Understanding the Brain category. Undergraduates Site in Integrated Traineeships form the essential core Nanomanufacturing was renewed in of the NRT student community and March 2019. Because of the timing

15- BOSTON UNIVERSITY PHOTONICS CENTER Educational Programs & Initiatives

NSF Research Experiences be found at: http://www.bu.edu/ can be found at: http://www.bu.edu/ for Undergraduates (REU) in photonics-reu. photonics-reu. Integrated Nanomanufacturing (INM) Last year’s program included four NSF ERC CELL-MET Research discrete research projects and four REU Experiences Professors Xin Zhang and Helen participants (two REU INM no cost Fawcett led the fourth summer cohort extension and two REU supplements The NSF ERC CELL-MET had three (2018) of REU participants through a from the NSF RET INM Site). In research experiences programs for no-cost extension. The student cohort some cases, the REU student worked the summer of 2018. One teacher arrived at BU to move into their dorm alongside an RET participant who participated as a Research Experiences rooms and start the 10-week program joined BU four weeks into the start of for Teacher participant at Boston in June 2018. Below are some relevant the REU program. We were able to University. Two Research Experience statistics regarding the 2018 REU bring back one student from the prior for Undergraduate participants were participants: year’s program, with funding provided located at each of the three institutions: by NSF REU supplements through the Boston University, University of • 25% of the applicants do not NSF RET INM Site. Michigan, and Florida have any accredited Engineering The NSF International University. In addition to the In addition, the ERC was undergraduate or graduate ERC CELL- programs in Mechanical laboratory research, REU awarded a supplement MET Engineering (ME), Biomedical participants spent 1.5 Research Experience in Engineering (BME), Materials hours per week at brown had three Mentoring, where six FIU Science and Engineering (MSE) bag seminars on topics research undergraduates spent or Electrical and Computer ranging from graduate experiences the summer at Boston Engineering (ECE) at their school and career advising, programs for University conducting university/institute. to nanotechnology, the summer research in ERC faculty • 50% have fewer than two accredited and spectroscopy. The of 2018. labs. Engineering undergraduate or participants also had graduate programs available in ME, three hours a week BME, MSE or ECE. of cleanroom and nanofabrication NSF Research Experiences for • 50% female / 50% male laboratory experiences. The students Teachers (RET) in Integrated participants. and teachers engaged in scientific Nanomanufacturing • All applicants have a GPA of 3.0 or presentations by many of the higher. participating faculty mentors including Professors Xin Zhang and Helen • 100% of the participants are Professors Reinhard and Brown. Fawcett led the fourth summer cohort self-identified Underrepresented At the four-week mark, when the (2018) of RET participants in the six- Minorities (URMs). teacher participants arrived, the REU week program from July 2 – August participants presented their research 10, through a no cost extension. Four The NSF REU INM is working to the teachers along with a few teachers participated via the NSF RET alongside, and integrating where slides describing their educational INM Site and two teachers participated possible, with the other REU Sites background, where they came from, via a RET Supplement from our NSF on campus and the Undergraduate and what made them decide to pursue REU INM Site. Research Opportunities Program Engineering. The program ended with (UROP) office. This past summer, the a poster session combined with the Teachers were recruited from high- NSF ERC REU and REM programs NSF REU BU Chemistry program. needs public schools within the also aligned with the REU INM REU participants were awarded Massachusetts STEM Pipeline program and those students were also certificates of participation where network. Teachers were also recruited integrated into the same program their labs acknowledged their excellent based on their interest in research planning. More information about research during the summer. More opportunities in nanotechnology that the NSF REU INM participants can information on the REU INM program they can integrate into their classroom

ANNUAL REPORT 2019 - 16 curriculum. The Directors assisted in the translation of RET experiences into sustainable STEM education curricula and activities at the teachers’ home schools, through team-based development and leveraging research mentors in the teacher’s partnering laboratory.

Some relevant statistics about the 2018 RET participants are as follows: • 100% of the schools represented are from communities with higher than 52% economically disadvantaged households. • 50% of the schools are receiving level 3 or higher district assistance from Massachusetts. • 50% of the participants are underrepresented minorities. • 67% of the teachers are female.

More information about the projects and the teachers can be found at: http://bu.edu/photonics-ret.

Summer 2018 NSF RET Participants in Integrated Nanomanufacturing

In addition to laboratory research, RET participants joined the REU students at brown bag seminars, in cleanroom and nanofabrication laboratory experiences, and were involved in scientific presentations by many of the participating faculty mentors. They also participated in the final poster session alongside the REU students. RET participants were awarded certificates of participation as well as Professional Development Point (PDP) certificates for instructional time as part of the RET program. This event provided a forum where their labs could acknowledge their excellent research during the summer. More information on the NSF RET INM program can be found at: http://www.bu.edu/ photonics-ret/.

17 - BOSTON UNIVERSITY PHOTONICS CENTER Business Innovation Center

Business Innovation Center at $126 million in new financing. In College, a high school student, and a addition to venture funding, the BIC Research Experiences for Teachers Located on the 6th floor of the companies have attracted nearly $1 (RET) attendee. The latter was Photonics Center building, Boston million in STTR/SBIR grants, which mentored by a BIC company in an University’s Business Innovation Center provides valuable non-dilutive funding initiative designed to expand the scope (BIC) currently hosts nine technology to bring a new product to market. of the program to applied research. companies that are in the early stages of business growth. The goal of BIC is Other metrics are just as important BIC’s internship program fully to accelerate innovation by encouraging in documenting growth. Beta Bionics supports the educational mission of industry collaboration with faculty and has received FDA approvals to begin the university. It is believed that BIC providing educational opportunities for clinical trials testing of their Gen 3 is the only one of over 35 Business graduate and undergraduate students. iLET Bionic Pancreas System in adults Incubators or Innovation Acceleration The mix of companies includes those in and children, and has moved into a Facilities in the Boston area that has life sciences, biotechnology, photonics, new 15,000 square foot manufacturing a charter to enhance the education of and materials technologies. facility (BIC remains a R&D site). students. In a start-up environment PlenOptika has launched their QuickSee where everyone needs to pull their It was an exciting year for BIC, auto-refractor in the US markets and weight and more, the students are put which saw a new group of very early this product is used in into positions where they stage companies arrive to replace 10 countries around All of the BIC are direct contributors. companies that had departed after the world; Poly6 has companies... For instance, Jana Care significant growth. Five of the nine increased their customer have hired [BU] has one undergraduate current tenants, which includes base from four to ten student interns intern and one Master’s Abfera Pharmaceuticals, Leuko Labs, worldwide customers; and full-time student from BU’s Matregenix, PlenOptika and Bitome, and Jana Care has Biomedical Engineering employees. have only joined in the last year. focused on expanding program, focusing on These companies have focused on product launches in Asia the development of product development, landing their as they work to acquire nano-optical sensors for first customers, creating intellectual the necessary product registrations measuring electrolytes in blood. property portfolios, kicking off around the world, including the U.S. promotional activities and websites, and The Photonics Center and BIC operate growing staff. Of course, funding is Each of the BIC companies have also at the intersection of photonics/ important and each of these companies grown staff to support continued nano-engineering and life sciences. The has secured either seed funding, growth. Those showing the largest companies joining BIC have access to venture funding, grant funding, or growth in full-time employees are specialized photonics tools which is a collaborations with larger companies to Beta Bionics doubling from 18 to 35. unique benefit that is not replicated in fuel their growth. Poly6, which has tripled the number the Boston area. Some of the additional of employees and is now running out benefits and services available to BIC The ability of the BIC members of room in the Photonics Center, and companies include: facility management, to attract both private and public Leuko Labs, grew from four to nine EH&S support, conference and catering investment provides validation of employees. All of the BIC companies services, library resources, invitations their potential for growth and the have taken advantage of the pipeline to Photonics Center conferences, significance of their respective of trained scientist and engineers at BU symposia, guest lectures and all technologies and the prospects for and have hired student interns and full- networking events, opportunities for addressing real market needs. All four time employees. The BIC companies collaboration with leaders in Photonics, of the companies that were tenants at have hired a total of 21 interns in the Nanotechnology and Materials the beginning of the year have closed or past year and seven full-time employees. research, and a pipeline of talented will soon close on new venture funding. All of the full-time employees are BU and entrepreneurial young scientist/ Beta Bionics received Series B and B2 graduates and most of the interns come engineers available for internships. rounds in December 2018 and June out of BU. The only exceptions are The available space includes shared 2019, far outpacing other companies a student from Roxbury Community office space, private office space, and

ANNUAL REPORT 2019 - 18 wet lab and optical laboratory spaces. Blonder, Professor of the Practice company, be combined with other Additionally, BIC also has room for four in Mechanical Engineering has been assets, and then go public. This was a companies in a bio-safety level 2 (BSL- formed. complicated deal compounded by the 2) space, which was partially funded expenses associated with FDA approvals by Massachusetts Life Sciences Center The management of the tenant and clinical trials. The deal never closed. (MLSC), a quasi-public investment companies have given back to the Over the past five years, Bioventus has agency of the Commonwealth of Photonics Center and have supported made many valuable contributions to the Massachusetts. the educational and research elements Photonics Center and in their departure of the Photonics Center mission. donated over a quarter of a million Since the demand for the space and Some of the activities supported by dollars in upgraded office facilities and these benefits is high, it allows the the BIC companies include hosting equipment to the Photonics Center. We Photonics Center to be selective in Biomedical Engineering Senior Design wish the Bioventus staff all the best in bringing new companies into BIC. The projects, serving as reviewers or judges their future endeavors. Center places a priority on choosing on the BU School of Engineering’s companies that can collaborate with Medical Design course, participating Bioventus and Poly6 were also founding Photonics Center faculty and other as guest lecturers in design courses on industrial members of the CELL-MET BU faculty researchers. Generally, this biosensors and medical diagnostics, Engineering Research Center. Jana results in companies with photonics supporting Senior Design projects. Care also considered membership, but and materials as the core technology felt that another ERC on point of care enablers. However, there occasionally The BIC companies have also health systems was a more appropriate is a company such as the small continued to engage faculty on fit. pharmaceutical company Abfero, which collaborative research at the BU Charles has an initiative to develop therapies River and Medical campuses. ClearIt The full list of FY19 tenants can for retinal and auto-degenerative has collaborated with the Director of be found in the nearby table. These diseases, which could be aligned with the Arthritis Center and Dermatologist companies made full use of the the Photonics Center’s efforts on the in Chief on the Medical campus, and BU facilities to continue product neurophotonics research training grant. with Professor Bigio, a Photonics development, solicit investment, and Center member. PlenOptika has cultivate their initial customers. The In the process of being selective, BIC also collaborated with faculty on the value of the Business Innovation Center has unfortunately seen a diminished Medical campus and with Assistant can be best summarized by comments participation of BU related spin- Professor Lei Tian, another Photonics from the CEO of ClearIt: “Our outs, and only two (Beta Bionics Center faculty member. Matregenix has relationship with the Photonics Center and Matregenix) of the current nine collaborated with researchers in the BU and collaboration with BU faculty companies have BU origins. Beta Dental School, and Beta Bionics has and staff has and continues to play a Bionics is a huge success right now and collaborated with Professor Damiano’s significant role in our achievement. Our Matregenix is the first company from lab in the School of Engineering. success at the Photonics Center has the BUild Lab to graduate into BIC. In enabled us to forge new relationships in an effort to be pro-active in accelerating Unfortunately, one of the most the Boston area … We greatly appreciate BU innovation, a Board of Advisors supportive BIC companies of the past and are thankful to everyone at Boston comprised of Thomas Dudley of the several years had to depart during the University who continues to make Photonics Center staff; Rana Gupta, past year. Bioventus was on an upward ClearIt a success.” Director of Faculty Entrepreneurship in trajectory to spin out of a parent Research Support; and Professor Greg company, be acquired by a private equity

19 - BOSTON UNIVERSITY PHOTONICS CENTER List of FY19 Photonics Center Innovation Center Tenants Company Origin Status Change Technology Market Sector Funding Name Treatments for University of Retinal and Abfera New Healthcare Venture Florida Neuro-Degenera- tive Diseases John Polymer Agira Hopkins Departed Energy Self-Funded Waveguide University

Boston Grants and Beta Bionics None Artificial Pancreas Healthcare University Venture

License from Bone Growth Corporate and Bioventus Departed Healthcare Pfizer Protein Private Equity Nuclear Magnetic Bitome New Resonance (NMR) Healthcare Spectroscopy Self-Funded De Nova Pain-Free Tattoo ClearIt None Healthcare and Private Start-up Removal Equity

Diagnostics for Grants and JanaCare Harvard None Healthcare Chronic Diseases Venture

Non-Invasive Grants and Leuko Labs MIT New White Blood Cell Healthcare Venture Monitor Matregenix Electo-Spun BUild Lab New Platform for Healthcare Self-Funded Tissue Growth

Micro-Electrodes Micro-Leads Inc. Draper Labs Departed and Implantable Healthcare Grants Devices nanoView Boston Grants and Departed Photonics Healthcare Biosciences University Venture

Autorefractor Grants and PlenOptika MIT New Using Wavefront Healthcare Angel Aberrometry

Poly6 High Performance MIT None Healthcare Grants Technologies Polymers

Snapdragon Process Flow Pharmaceuti- MIT Departed Corporate Chemistry, Inc. Chemistry cal

ANNUAL REPORT 2019 - 20 Events & Programs

THE PHOTONICS CENTER PHOTONICS SEMINAR CALENDAR offers an exciting array of events and programs throughout the year Over the past year, the BU Photonics Center organized and hosted the following Photonics to engage the community and offer Forums: enriching opportunities to BU, Date Speaker Title Boston area universities, and local October 31, 2018 Ms. Samantha “Laboratory Safety companies. These events foster Beglinger, Boston Training” interdisciplinary discussion and University encourage faculty and students Environmental Health to collaborate with a variety of and Safety professionals on fundamental November 28, 2018 Professor Chen Yang, “Photonics Nanomaterials for research. Boston University Lighting, Solar Energy and Neurostimulation” The Photonics Center hosts two November 30, 2018 Professor Curtis “Stability and Noise in monthly events: The Photonics Menyuk, University of Frequency Combs: Forum and the Photonics Cafes. Maryland, Baltimore Harnessing the Music of the The Photonics Forums, held on the County Spheres” fourth Wednesday of each month January 30, 2019 Dr. Steven Smith, “Cameras to Drive Next throughout the fall of 2018 and the Photometrics Generation Analytical spring of 2019, gave the community Instruments: Scientific Machine Vision, 95% opportunities to participate in Quantum Efficiency and technical discussions in an open Computational Imaging forum over lunch. Speakers are Deliver Better Answers Faster” selected to discuss their current April 10, 2019 Dr. C. Richard “Updates to the NSF SBIR/ research endeavors and the real- Schwerdtfeger, STTR Program and world applications of their research. National Science Submission Process” Foundation The Cafes bring together the faculty, June 5, 2019 Professor Steven “Applications of Single-Pixel students, staff, and innovation center Johnson, University of Imaging” company employees in an informal Glasgow setting for conversation and collaboration. The Cafes are hosted PHOTONICS DISTINGUISHED SEMINAR CALENDAR on the second Friday of each month from September through April in Over the past year, the BU Photonics Center hosted seminars by photonics experts and distinguished speakers. The following list includes the Photonics distinguished seminars the West End Lounge. organized by the BU student chapter of OSA/SPIE, with support from the Photonics Center: The Photonics Center also organizes and hosts an annual ice cream truck, Date Speaker Presentation cookout, and holiday party, and bi- September 26, 2018 Professor Hui Cao, “Complex Lasers with Yale University Controlled Coherence” annual Laboratory Cleaning Day. (Hosted by BU OSA/ SPIE Student Chapter) March 29, 2019 Professor Irene Gero- “Assessing Tissue Metabolic and geakoudi, Tufts Uni- Biomechanical Function Through versity (Hosted by BU Label-free, High Resolution OSA/SPIE Student Imaging” Chapter) 21 - BOSTON UNIVERSITY PHOTONICS CENTER CELL-MET ERC EVENTS

Photonics Center staff organized the following CELL-MET ERC events during the 2018-2019 fiscal year.

Date Event August 8, 2018 ERC Team Building Bowling Event September 4, ERC ARMI Industry 2018 Networking Event March 20-22, ERC Annual NSF 2019 Site Visit April 22, 2019 ERC Boston Scien- tific Industry Event June 17, 2019 ERC Innovation Regulatory Affairs Training Session Featuring Dr. Carol Ryerson

NEUROPHOTONICS EVENTS

This past year, the Photonics and Neurophotonics Centers continued to co- sponsor Neurophotonics/NRT and department joint seminars with a focus on Neurophotonics. Photonics Center staff played a role in planning and managing the following seminars and symposia, and supported additional smaller events for the Neurophotonics Center.

Date Speaker Presentation September 10, Professor Lin Tian, “Watching the Brain in Action: 2018 University of Creating Tools for Functional California, Davis Analysis of Neural Circuitry” October 10, 2018 Dr. Vijay Iyer, Math- “MATLAB as a Platform for Works Neuroscience & Neurophoton- ics” December 3, Professor Nozomi “Exploring Behaviors of Cells 2018 Nishimura, Cornell “in the wild” with in vivo University Multiphoton Microscopy” January 15, 2019 BU Neurophoton- “Functional Near Infrared ics Center Annual Spectroscopy Symposium” Symposium March 13, 2019 Dr. Darcy Peterka, “SLM-based Methods for 3D Columbia University Control and Imaging in the Brain” May 14, 2019 Professor Dawen “Mapping Neuronal Identities Cai, University of and Connections in Neural Michigan Circuits by Light Microscope”

ANNUAL REPORT 2019 - 22 22nd Annual Photonics Center Symposium

This year, the 22nd Annual Photonics Center Symposium focused on Cardiac Tissue Engineering. The symposium drew over 200 attendees from BU, other academic institutions, industry, and government. Photonics Professor David Bishop chaired a successful conference, leading to discussions of creating a stand-alone bi-annual cardiac symposium.

The agenda for this year’s symposium featured presentations by researchers from leading academic institutions.

The speakers included:

Dr. Edward Boyden, MIT Dr. Nenad Bursac, Duke University Dr. Christopher Chen, Boston University Dr. Emilia Entcheva, Stony Brook University Dr. Jennifer Lewis, Harvard University Dr. Charles Murry, University of Washington Dr. Sean Palecek, University of Wisconsin, Madison Dr. Christine Seidman, Harvard University Dr. Gordana Vunjak-Novakovic, Columbia University At the conclusion of this year’s conference, a reception and electronic poster board session was held where participants, students, and speakers discussed their research in an informal setting.

23 - BOSTON UNIVERSITY PHOTONICS CENTER Facilities & Equipment

cleanroom with processing and test Instruments) Atomic Force BUILDING PROJECTS equipment for die and wafer level Microscope (AFM), a Pico-Force processing and measurement. The AFM System, a Zeiss Supra 40VP PHO B21 – Assistant Professor Precision Measurement Laboratory Field Emission Scanning Electron Masha Kamenetska (PML) consists of two laboratory Microscope (FESEM), a newly spaces with scanning electron purchased piece of equipment, the Construction on new laboratory and atomic force microscopy Zygo NewView 9000, replaces the space for Professor Kamenetska, among other analytical surface obsoleted NewView 6300, and a whose primary appointment is characterization tools. The Focused Zeiss Supra 55VP FESEM. in Chemistry, was completed in Ion Beam/Transmission Electron fall 2018. Her lab became fully Microscope Facility (FTF), houses The Focused Ion Beam/ operational in spring 2019. Her a FEI Focused Ion Beam (FIB) Transmission Electron laboratory includes optical and wet and a FEI Transmission Electron Microscope Facility (FTF) lab space. Microscope (TEM). The FIB/TEM Facility, also located PHO B24 – Upgrade HVAC Optoelectronic Processing in the basement, is comprised of System for Temperature and Facility (OPF) two separate rooms with capabilities Humidity Control to measure material composition, OPF is a multi-user 2500 sq. ft. image surface morphology, and Professors Shyamsunder Erramilli facility located on the 8th floor micro/nano machined materials. and Lawrence Ziegler conduct of the Photonics Center. The This laboratory houses a FEI research requiring strict temperature facility contains equipment for Quanta 3D Field Emission Gun and humidity control. This project, semiconductor and optoelectronic Focused Ion Beam (FEG FIB) which was completed in fall 2018, wafer and chip fabrication. The system in one room, and a FEI provides a stand-alone HVAC facility includes both a Class Tecnai Osiris 200kV S/TEM in the system capable of meeting their 100 and a Class 1000 cleanroom second room. needs. The lab became fully and equipment facilitating The neighboring sample preparation operational in spring 2019. photolithography, wet chemical room contains the tools needed for processing, thin film depositions, making sections for TEM viewing SHARED LABORATORY FACILITIES plasma etching and cleaning, and SEM preparation. Included in metallization, thermal oxidation, this preparation room is a cut off The three shared labs at the thermal annealing, wire bonding, saw, a sample core, a polisher, and an Photonics Center contain a variety and electrical characterization. ion tool for final thinning of TEM of instruments and capabilities, samples. The equipment can be used designed to serve the needs of Precision Measurement by any trained users who wish to the Photonics Center and Boston Laboratory (PML) prepare sample for TEM and SEM University community. In addition usage. to BU usage, the shared facilities are PML is comprised of two also accessible on a fee for use basis laboratories located in the basement by current and former Business of the Photonics Center. In one Innovation Center (BIC) companies, of the lab spaces, the Bruker outside universities, and outside FTIR Vertex 70V and Hyperion companies. The Optoelectronic Microscope are available for use. Processing Facility (OPF) includes The second laboratory space a Class 100 photolithography includes: a Veeco (formerly Digital cleanroom and a Class 1000 ANNUAL REPORT 2019 - 24 These photos were taken in the labs of Professors Siddharth Ramachandran 25 - BOSTON UNIVERSITY PHOTONICS and Roberto Paiella. Strategic Goals

CENTRAL TO THE Center provides strategic advice, Multi-Disciplinary Modeling of PHOTONICS CENTER critical review, management, and Electronic Materials (MSME). STRATEGIC PLAN is an logistical support for large scale, MSME is a major grant involving operational model where complex collaborations proposed close collaborations with the the Center functions as a for external sponsorship, including ARL’s research scientist at university resource – promoting, research and educational projects. the Sensors and Electronic supporting, and sustaining Major successes were the award of Devices Directorate (SEDD) allied research centers and the National Research Traineeship and interactions with ARL’s interdisciplinary programs grant on Understanding the Brain Enterprise for Multiscale across BU. The Center has (UtB) in FY17, and the award of Research of Materials (EMRM). been conducting business as an the Nanosystems Engineering institute leading on a number of Research Center in FY18. The At the Business Innovation activities such as the Business support continues post-award Center, located on the 6th Innovation Center, managing and with project administration, and floor of the Photonics Center, equipping shared laboratories, assistance on compliance matters Photonics Center staff are and administering/supporting from sponsor and University implementing strategic changes block grants and supporting perspectives. The that align affiliated units. Photonics Center the Center provides outsized Major successes were more closely Some of the affiliated units support for the the award of the with ongoing include the Materials Science CELL-MET Photonics Center National Research and Engineering Division, the ERC, assuming member research Neurophotonics Center and leadership roles Traineeship grant and educational most recently the CELL-MET in Inclusivity/ on Understanding activities, and Engineering Research Center. Training, the Brain (UtB) is currently With respect to the Materials Administration, and the award of leading a strategic Division, the Photonics Center Innovation the Nanosystems review for the has managed substantial Ecosystems, and Center with the Engineering Research renovations for the Materials in one of the goal of keeping Division and co-manages shared four Research Center in FY18. the Photonics labs such as the Focused Ion Thrusts. Center at the Beam/Transmission Electron leading edge of Microscope Facility (FTF) The resources and expertise of innovation. and the Materials Shared Lab. the Photonics Center staff are In addition to these facilities, employed to manage several the Photonics Center also training grants that include: supports two other shared labs Research Experiences for as described in the section on Teachers, Research Experience facilities, as well as the faculty for Undergraduates, and the labs in the building. National Research Traineeship grant. Additionally, the Center also In support of its strategic goal supports major faculty awarded of expanding core programs for grants such as the Department research support, the Photonics of Defense grant on Multi-Scale

ANNUAL REPORT 2019 - 26 Scholarly Work of the Photonics Center Faculty

of The Modulation Transfer Function in Materials Beyond Graphene: From Ripples, BOOK CHAPTERS Small-pitch InGaAs/InP Infrared Arrays Defects, Intercalation, and Valley Dynamics with Refractive Microlenses,” Optics Express, to Straintronics and Power Dissipation,” X. Ling, S. Huang, J. Kong, & M. 26(5), 5310, 2018. Apl. Materials, 6(8), 20, 2018. Dresselhaus, “Graphene-Enhanced Raman Scattering (GERS): Chemical Effect,” In M. Kyrtsos, M. Matsubara, & E. Bellotti, J. Chang, M. Holyoak, G. Kannell, M. K. Kneipp, O. Yukihiro, & Z. Tian (Eds.), “On the Feasibility of p-type Ga2O3,” Beacken, M. Imboden, & D. Bishop, Recent Developments in Plasmon-Supported Applied Physics Letters, 112(3), 4, 2018. “High Performance, Continuously Tunable Raman Spectroscopy 45 Years of Enhanced Microwave Filters Using MEMS Devices Raman Signals, p. 415-449, World Scientific, A. Murat, M. Matsubara, N. Binh-Minh, & With Very Large, Controlled, Out-of-Plane 2018. E. Bellotti, “Electronic Properties of Low- Actuation,” Journal of Microelectromechanical Sigma Grain Boundaries in InAs,” Physical Systems, 27(6), 1135-1147, 2018. L. Ziegler, W. Premasiri, Y. Chen, J. Review Materials, 2(12), 9, 2018. Fore, & A. Brodeur, “SERS Biomedical J. Christopher, M. Vutukuru, D. Lloyd, S. Applications: Diagnostics, Forensics, and P. Sengupta, Y. Tan, E. Bellotti, & J. Bunch, B. Goldberg, D. Bishop, & A. Metabolomics,” In J. Laane (Ed.), Frontiers Shi, “Anomalous Heat Flow in 8-Pmmn Swan, “Monolayer MoS Strained to 1.3\% and Advances in Molecular Spectroscopy, p. 327- Borophene with Tilted Dirac Cones,” Journal with a Microelectromechanical System,” 367, Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier, of Physics-Condensed Matter, 30(43), 6, 2018. 2018.* 2018. J. Tsao, S. Chowdhury, M. Hollis, E. P. del Corro, M. Imboden, D. Perez, D. Bellotti, D. Jena, N. Johnson, K. Jones, Bishop, & H. Pastoriza, “Single Ended JOURNAL ARTICLES . . . J. Simmons, “Ultrawide-Bandgap Capacitive Self-sensing System for Comb Semiconductors: Research Opportunities Drives Driven XY Nano Positioners,” and Challenges,” Advanced Electronic Sensors and Actuators A-Physical, 271, 409-417, J. Guo, T. Villalon, U. Pal, & S. Basu, Materials, 4(1), 49, 2018. 2018. “Effect of Optical Basicity on the Stability of Vttria-Stabilized Zirconia in Contact C. Ba, W. Shain, T. Bifano, & J. Mertz, R. Jayne, T. Stark, J. Reeves, D. Bishop, & with Molten Oxy-fluoride Flux,”Journal of “High-throughput Label-free Flow A. White, “Dynamic Actuation of Soft 3D the American Ceramic Society, 2018. Cytometry Based on Matched-filter Micromechanical Structures Using Micro- Compressive Imaging,” Biomedical Optics Electromechanical Systems (MEMS),” Y. Lu, P. Gasper, U. Pal, S. Gopalan, Express, 9(12), 6145-6153, 2018.* Advanced Materials Technologies, 3(3), 6, 2018.* & S. Basu, “Improving Intermediate Temperature Performance of Ni-YSZ D. Beaulieu, I. Davison, T. Bifano, & J. C. Pollock, M. Imboden, A. Stange, J. Javor, Cermet Anodes for Solid Oxide Fuel Mertz, (n.d.), “Simultaneous Multiplane K. Mahapatra, L. Chiles, & D. Bishop, Cells by Liquid Infiltration of Nickel Imaging with Reverberation Multiphoton “Engineered PWM Drives for Achieving Nanoparticles,” Journal of Power Sources, 396, Microscopy,” 13 pages, 2018.* Rapid Step and Settle Times for MEMS 257-264, 2018. Actuation,” Journal of Microelectromechanical W. Shain, N. Vickers, J. Li, X. Han, T. Systems, 27(3), 513-520, 2018. Z. Sun, R. Wang, A. Nikiforov, S. Bifano, & J. Mertz, “Axial Localization Gopalan, U. Pal, & S. Basu, “CuMn with Modulated-illumination Extended- J. Reeves, R. Jayne, L. Barrett, S. Erramilli, 1.8 O 4 Protective Coatings on Metallic depth-of-field Microscopy,”Biomed. Opt. A. White, & D. Bishop, “Tunable Infrared Interconnects for Prevention of Cr Express, 9(4), 1771-1782, 2018.* Metasurfaces from Soft Polymer Scaffolds,” Poisoning in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells,” Journal 2018.* of Power Sources, 378, 125-133, 2018. Y. Zhu, T. Fearn, D. Chicken, I. Bigio, M. Austwick, S. Somasundaram, C. Mosse… S. X. Cheng, D. Tamborini, S. Carp, O. R. Wang, Z. Sun, U. Pal, S. Gopalan, & S. Bown, “Elastic Scattering Spectroscopy for Shatrovoy, B. Zimmerman, D. Tyulmankov Basu, “Mitigation of Chromium Poisoning Early Detection of Breast Cancer: Partially . . . D. Boas, “Time Domain Diffuse of Cathodes in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells Supervised Bayesian Image Classification of Correlation Spectroscopy: Modeling the Employing CuMn 1.8 O 4 Spinel Coating Scanned Sentinel Lymph Nodes,” Journal of Effects of Laser Coherence Length and on Metallic Interconnect,” Journal of Power Biomedical Optics, 23(8), 9, 2018. Instrument Response Function,” Optics Sources, 376, 100-110, 2018. Letters, 43(12), 2756-2759, 2018. Z. Lin, Y. Lei, S. Subramanian, I. Bigio, N. B. Appleton, T. Hubbard, A. Glasmann, & Briggs, Y. Wang, C. Lo,. . . . M. Terrones, M. Desjardins, K. Kılıç, M. Thunemann, C. E. Bellotti, “Parametric Numerical Study “Research Update: Recent progress on 2D Mateo, D. Holland, C. Ferri, D. Boas. . . . 27 - BOSTON UNIVERSITY PHOTONICS CENTER A. Devor, “Awake Mouse Imaging: From L. Perkins, A. Devor, T. Gardner, & D. Q. Lin, J. Mason, Z. Li, W. Zhou, M. Two-Photon Microscopy to Blood Oxygen Boas, “Extracting Individual Neural O’Brien, K. Brown, . . . C. Mirkin, Level-Dependent Functional Magnetic Activity Recorded through Splayed Optical “Building Superlattices from Individual Resonance Imaging,” Biol Psychiatry Cogn Microfibers,”Neurophotonics , 5 (4), 10, 2018.* Nanoparticles via Template Confined Neurosci Neuroimaging, 4(6), 533-542, 2019. DNA-mediated Assembly,” Science, L. Perkins, D. Semu, J. Shen, D. Boas, & 359(6376), 669-672, 2018. C. Gómez, J. Sutin, W. Wu, B. Fu, H. T. Gardner, “High-density Microfibers as a Uhlirova, A. Devor. . . . D. Boas, M. Potential Optical Interface to Reach Deep S. Wang, L. Li, D. Su, K. Robin, & K. Yaseen, “Phasor Analysis of NADH FLIM Brain Regions,” Journal of Neural Engineering, Brown, “Patterning Porosity in Hydrogels Identifies Pharmacological Disruptions to 15(6), 13, 2018.* by Arresting Phase Separation,” ACS Mitochondrial Metabolic Processes in the Applied Materials & Interfaces, 10(40), 34604- Rodent Cerebral Cortex,” PLoS One, 13(3), D. Postnov, S. Erdener, K. Kilic, & D. 34610, 2018. e0194578, 2018. Boas, “Cardiac Pulsatility Mapping and Vessel Type Identification using Laser R. Dolleman, D. Lloyd, M. Lee, S. Bunch, S. Jahani, S. Setarehdan, D. Boas, & M. Speckle Contrast Imaging,” Biomedical Optics H. Van der Zant, & P. Steeneken, “Transient Yücel, “Motion Artifact Detection and Express, 9(12), 6388-6397, 2018. Thermal Characterization of Suspended Correction in Functional Near-infrared Monolayer MoS2,” Physical Review Materials, Spectroscopy: a New Hybrid Method J. Selb, K. Wu, J. Sutin, P. Lin, P. Farzam, 2(11), 2018. Based on Spline Interpolation Method and S. Bechek . . . D. Boas, E. Rosenthal, Savitzky–Golay Filtering,” Neurophotonics, “Prolonged Monitoring of Cerebral Blood B. Bungart, L. Lan, P. Wang, R. Li, M. Roch, 5(1), 015003, 2018. Flow and Autoregulation with Diffuse L. Cheng . . . J. Cheng, “Photoacoustic Correlation Spectroscopy in Neurocritical Tomography of Intact Human Prostates K. Kisler, D. Lazic, M. Sweeney, S. Plunkett, Care Patients,” Neurophotonics, 5(4), 045005, and Vascular Texture Analysis Identify M. El Khatib, S. Vinogradov. . . . D. 2018. Prostate Cancer Biopsy Targets,” Boas, B. Zlokovic, “In vivo Imaging and Photoacoustics, 11, 46-55, 2018. Analysis of Cerebrovascular Hemodynamic I. Şencan, T. Esipova, M. Yaseen, B. Fu, Responses and Tissue Oxygenation in the D. Boas, S. Vinogradov. . . . S. Sakadžić, Y. Cao, A. Kole, J. Hui, Y. Zhang, J. Mai, M. Mouse Brain,” Nature Protocols, 13(6), 1377- “Two-photon Phosphorescence Lifetime Alloosh. . . . J. Cheng, “Fast Assessment 1402, 2018. Microscopy of Retinalcapillary Plexus of Lipid Content in Arteries in vivo by Oxygenation in Mice,” J Biomed Opt, 23(12), Intravascular Photoacoustic Tomography,” S. Kura, H. Xie, B. Fu, C. Ayata, D. Boas, 1-9, 2018. Scientific Reports, 8 (10), 2400, 2018. & S. Sakadzic, “Intrinsic Optical Signal Imaging of the Blood Volume Changes is D. Tamborini, P. Farzam, B. Zimmermann, A. J. Chen, J. Li, A. Jannasch, A. Mutlu, M. Sufficient for Mapping the Resting State K. Wu, D. Boas, & M. Franceschini, Wang, & J. Cheng, “Fingerprint Stimulated Functional Connectivity in the Rodent “Development and Characterization of Raman Scattering Imaging Reveals Retinoid Cortex,” Journal of Neural Engineering, 15(3), a Multidistance and Multiwavelength Coupling Lipid Metabolism and Survival,” 9, 2018. Diffuse Correlation Spectroscopy System,” ChemPhysChem, 19(19), 2500-2506, 2018. Neurophotonics, 5(1), 10, 2018. M. Moeini, X. Lu, P. Avti, R. Damseh, A. Chen, X. Yuan, J. Li, P. Dong, I. Hamza, S. Bélanger, F. Picard. . . . D. Boas, F. N. Alsharif, A. Burkatovsky, C. Lissandrello, & J. Cheng, “Label-Free Imaging of Heme Lesage, “Compromised Microvascular K. Jones, A. White, & K. Brown, “Design Dynamics in Living Organisms by Transient Oxygen Delivery Increases Brain Tissue and Realization of 3D Printed AFM Absorption Microscopy,” Analytical Vulnerability with Age,” Scientific Reports, Probes,” Small, 14(19), 6 pages, 2018.* Chemistry, 90(5), 3395-3401, 2018. 8(1), 8219, 2018. K. Brown, J. Hedrick, D. Eichelsdoerfer, W. Hong, C. Karanja, N. Abutaleb, W. K. Peng, M. Yucel, C. Aasted, S. Steele, D. & C. Mirkin, “Nanocombinatorics with Younis, X. Zhang, M. Seleem, & J. Cheng, Boas, D. Borsook, & L. Becerra, “Using Cantilever-Free Scanning Probe Arrays,” “Antibiotic Susceptibility Determination Prerecorded Hemodynamic Response ACS Nano, 13(1), 8-17, 2019. within One Cell Cycle at Single-Bacterium Functions in Detecting Prefrontal Pain Level by Stimulated Raman Metabolic Response: a Functional Near-infrared E. Kluender, J. Hedrick, K. Brown, R. Rao, Imaging,” Analytical Chemistry, 90(6), 3737- Spectroscopy Study,” Neurophotonics, 5(1), 15, B. Meckes, J. Du, . . . C. Mirkin, “Catalyst 3743, 2018. 2018. Discovery Through Megalibraries of Nanomaterials,” Proceedings of the National K. Huang, J. McCall, P. Wang, C. Liao, K. Peng, M. Yuecel, S. Steele, E. Bittner, Academy of Science in the United States of G. Eakins, J. Cheng, & C. Yang, “High- C. Aasted, M. Hoeft . . . D. Boas, D. America, 116(1), 40-45, 2019. Speed Spectroscopic Transient Absorption Borsook, “Morphine Attenuates fNIRS Imaging of Defects in Graphene,” Nano Signal Associated With Painful Stimuli in L. Li, N. Alsharif, & K. Brown, Letters, 18(2), 1489-1497, 2018.* the Medial Frontopolar Cortex (medial BA “Confinement-Induced Stiffening of 10),” Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 12(17), Elastomer Thin Films,” Journal of Physical Y. Huang, Y. Jiang, Q. Wu, X. Wu, X. 394, 2018. Chemistry B, 122(47), 10767-10773, 2018. An, A. Chubykin, J. Cheng . . . C. Yang, ANNUAL REPORT 2019 - 28 “Nanoladders Facilitate Directional Axonal C. Zhang, & J. Cheng, “Perspective: Role of Liquid Ink Transport in the Direct Outgrowth and Regeneration,” ACS Coherent Raman Scattering Microscopy, the Placement of Quantum Dot Emitters onto Biomaterials Science & Engineering, 4(3), 1037- Future is Bright,” APL Photonics, 3(9), 16 Sub-Micrometer Antennas by Dip-Pen 1045, 2018.* pages, 2018. Nanolithography,” Small, 14(31), 1870144, 2018. Y. Kole, J. Cao, I. Hui, M. Bolad, M. Y. Zhu, C. Chen, J. Li, J. Cheng, M. Jang, Alloosh, J. Cheng, & M. Sturek, “CRT- & K. Kim, “In vitro Exploration of ACAT F. Dawood, J. Wang, P. Schulze, C. Sheehan, 300.07 Quantification and Depth Resolution Contributions to Lipid Droplet Formation M. Buck, A. Dennis . . . J. Hollingsworth, of Lipid Core Plaques by Intravascular During Adipogenesis,” Journal of Lipid “The Role of Liquid Ink Transport in Photoacoustic and Ultrasound Dual- Research, 59(5), 820-829, 2018. the Direct Placement of Quantum Dot Modality Imaging,” JACC: Cardiovascular Emitters onto Sub-Micrometer Antennas by Interventions, 11(4), S37-S38, 2018. Y. Chen, & L. Dal Negro, “Pole-zero Dip-Pen Nanolithography,” Small, 14(31), Analysis of scattering Resonances of 10 pages, 2018. L. Lan, Y. Xia, R. Li, K. Liu, J. Mai, Multilayered Nanospheres,” Physical Review J. Medley . . . J. Cheng, “A Fiber B, 98(23), 10, 2018. R. Toufanian, A. Piryatinski, A. Optoacoustic Guide with Augmented Mahler, R. Iyer, J. Hollingsworth, & Reality for Precision Breast-Conserving S. Gorsky, R. Zhang, A. Gok, R. Wang, A. Dennis, “Bandgap Engineering Surgery,” Light-Science & Applications, 7(2), K. Kebede, A. Lenef. . . . L. Dal Negro, of Indium Phosphide-Based Core/ 11 pages, 2018. “Directional Light Emission Enhancement Shell Heterostructures Through Shell from LED-phosphor Converters using Composition and Thickness,” Frontiers in H. Lee, J. Li, R. Vickman, J. Li, R. Liu, Dielectric Vogel Spiral Array,” APL Chemistry, 6, 12 pages, 2018. A. Durkes . . . J. Cheng, “Cholesterol Photonics, 3(12), 12 pages, 2018. Esterification Inhibition Suppresses V. Kara, C. Duan, K. Gupta, S. Kurosawa, Prostate Cancer Metastasis by Impairing the Y. He, M. Razi, C. Forestiere, L. Dal D. Stearns-Kurosawa, & K. Ekinci, Wnt/beta-catenin Pathway,” Molecular Cancer Negro, & R. Kirby, “Uncertainty “Microfluidic Detection of Movements Research, 16(6), 974-985, 2018. Quantification guided robust design for of Escherichia Coli for Rapid Antibiotic nanoparticles’ morphology,” Computer Susceptibility Testing,” Lab Chip, 18(5), 743- J. Li, X. Qu, J. Tian, J. Zhang, & J. Cheng, Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 753, 2018. “Cholesterol Esterification Inhibition 336, 578-593, 2018. and Gemcitabine Synergistically Suppress J. Boales, S. Erramilli, & P. Mohanty, Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma M. Razi, R. Wang, Y. He, R. Kirby, & L. Dal “Measurement of Nonlinear Piezoelectric Proliferation,” Plos One, 13(2), 11 pages, Negro, “Optimization of Large-Scale Vogel Coefficients using a Micromechanical 2018. Spiral Arrays of Plasmonic Nanoparticles,” Resonator,” Applied Physics Letters, 113(8), Plasmonics, 14(1), 253-261, 2019. 083501, 2018. R. Li, L. Lan, Y. Xia, P. Wang, L. Han, G. Dunnington,. . . . J. Cheng, “High-speed S. Shrestha, Y. Wang, A. Overvig, M. 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ANNUAL REPORT 2019 - 32 Survey of Theoretical Models for Terahertz Absorber with Continuously Tunable Air X. Zhao, Y. Wang, J. Schalch, G. Duan, K. Electromagnetic Metamaterial Absorbers,” Spacer Layer,” Applied Physics Letters, 113(6), Cremin, J. Zhang, . . . X. Zhang. (n.d.), Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, 287, 21-28, 061113, 2018. doi:10.1063/1.5041282 “Optically Modulated Ultra-broadband All- 2019. doi:10.1016/j.sna.2018.12.039 silicon Metamaterial Terahertz Absorbers,” D. Sutherland, Z. Blanks, X. Zhang, & J. ACS Photonics, 6(4), 830-837, 2019. G. Duan, J. Schalch, X. Zhao, J. Zhang, Charest, “Relationship Between Central doi:10.1021/acsphotonics.8b01644 R. Averitt, & X. Zhang, “An Air-spaced Venous Catheter Protein Adsorption Terahertz Metamaterial Perfect Absorber,” and Water Infused Surface Protection Y. Chen, W. Premasiri, & L. Ziegler, Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, 280, 303- Mechanisms,” Artificial Organs, 42(11), “Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy 308, 2018. doi:10.1016/j.sna.2018.07.052 E369-E379, 2018. doi:10.1111/aor.13274 of Chlamydia Trachomatis and Neisseria Gonorrhoeae for Diagnostics, and Extra- G. Duan, J. Schalch, X. Zhao, J. Zhang, D. Veysset, S. Kooi, R. Haferssas, M. cellular Metabolomics and Biochemical R. Averitt, & X. Zhang, “Analysis of the Hassani-Gangaraj, M. Islam, A. Maznev, Monitoring,” Scientific Reports, 8(5), 163, 12 Thickness Dependence of Metamaterial X. Zhang. . . . K. Nelson, (n.d.), “Glass pages, 2018. Absorbers at Terahertz Frequencies,” Fracture by Focusing of Laser-generated Optics Express, 26(3), 2242-2251, 2018. Nanosecond Surface Acoustic Waves,” Scripta X. Nazari, X. Li, M. Alibakhshi, H. Yang, doi:10.1364/OE.26.002242 Materialia, 158, 42-45, 2018. doi:10.1016/j. K. Souza, C. Gillespie, L. Ziegler. . . . S. scriptamat.2018.08.026 Erramilli, “Femtosecond Photonic Viral G. Duan, J. Schalch, X. Zhao, J. Zhang, Inactivation Probed using Solid-state R. Averitt, & X. Zhang, “Identifying Y. Wang, G. Duan, L. Zhang, L. Ma, X. Nanopores,” Nano Futures, 2(4), 045005, the Perfect Absorption of Metamaterial Zhao, & X. Zhang, “Terahertz Dispersion 2018.* Absorbers,” Physical Review B, 97(3), 035128, Characteristics of Super-aligned Multi- 2018. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.97.035128 walled Carbon Nanotubes and Enhanced Transmission Through Subwavelength G. Duan, X. Zhao, S. Anderson, & X. Apertures,” Scientific Reports, 8(1), 2087, 2018. Zhang, (n.d.), “Boosting Magnetic doi:10.1038/s41598-018-20118-5 Resonance Imaging Signal-to-noise Ratio using Magnetic Metamaterials,” H. Wu, K. Cai, H. Zeng, W. Zhao, D. Xie, T. Communications Physics - Nature, 2, 35, 2019. Yue. . . . X. Zhang, “Time-domain Transient doi:10.1038/s42005-019-0135-7 Fluorescence Spectroscopy for Thermal Characterization of Polymers,” Applied R. Ghaffarivardavagh, J. Nikolajczyk, S. Thermal Engineering, 138, 403-408, 2018. Anderson, & X. Zhang, (n.d.), “Ultra- doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2018.04.076 open Acoustic Metamaterial Silencer Based on Fano-like Interference,” Physical Y. Xu, X. Zhao, A. Li, Y. Yue, J. Jiang, & Review B, 99(2), 024302, 2019. doi:10.1103/ X. Zhang, (n.d.), “Plasmonic Heating PhysRevB.99.024302 Induced by Au Nanoparticles for Quasi- ballistic Thermal Transport in Multi-walled R. Ghaffarivardavagh, J. Nikolajczyk, R. Carbon nNanotubes,” Nanoscale, 16, 2019. Holt, S. Anderson, & X. Zhang, “Horn- doi:10.1039/c9nr00901a like Space-coiling Metamaterials Toward Simultaneous Phase and Amplitude X. Zhao, C. Chen, A. Li, G. Duan, & X. Modulation,” Nature Communications, 9, 1349, Zhang (n.d.), “Implementing Infrared 2018. doi:10.1038/s41467-018-03839-z Metamaterial Perfect Absorbers using Dispersive Dielectric Spacers,” Optics Express, A. Li, X. Zhao, S. Anderson, & X. Zhang, 27 (2), 1727-1739, 2019. doi:10.1364/ “Silica Nanowire Growth on Coscinodiscus OE.27.001727 Species Diatom Frustules via Vapor-liquid- solid Process,” Small, 14(47), 9 pages, 2018. X. Zhao, G. Duan, A. Li, C. Chen, & X. doi:10.1002/smll.201801822 Zhang, (n.d.), “Integrating Microsystems with Metamaterials Towards Metadevices,” A. Li, X. Zhao, G. Duan, S. Anderson, & Microsystems and Nanoengineering, 5, 5, 2019. X. Zhang (n.d.), “Diatom Frustule-inspired doi:10.1038/s41378-018-0042-1 Metamaterial Absorbers: The Effect of Hierarchical Pattern Arrays,” Advanced X. Zhao, J. Schalch, J. Zhang, H. Seren, Functional Materials, 29(22), 1809129, 2019. G. Duan, R. Averitt, & X. Zhang, doi:10.1002/adfm.201809029 “Electromechanically Tunable Metasurface Transmission Waveplate at Terahertz J. Schalch, G. Duan, X. Zhao, X. Zhang, & Frequencies,” Optica, 5(3), 303-310, 2018”. R. Averitt, “Terahertz Metamaterial Perfect doi:10.1364/OPTICA.5.000303 33 - BOSTON UNIVERSITY PHOTONICS CENTER AWARDS Lecture in 2018. biosensors.

Jerry Chen received the NIH DP2 PATENTS Roblyer, D., & Torjesen, A. (2017, New Innovator Award from the April 25). Provisional Patent Application National Institute of Health in 2018. Wichmann, A., Pinkie, B., & Bellotti, 62/489,677, High-speed tissue oximetry E. (2014, May 5). 10090426B2, Dark system employing fast digital diffuse Maria Kamenetska received the current mitigation by diffusion control optical spectroscopy. AFOSR YIP (Young Investigator junctions. Retrieved from: Program) Award from the Air Force https://patents.google.com/patent/ Rothschild, K., & Lim, M. (2014, Scientific Research Office at the US10090426B2/en January 14). 9,910,034, Methods Department of Defense in 2018. of compositions for phototransfer. Bifano, T., Eichmann, S., Goldberg, Retrieved from: http://patft.uspto.gov/ Catherine Klapperich was elected B., Kanj, M., Paudel, H., & Shain, W. Fellow of the Biomedical Engineering (2015). US10018817B2, Adaptive optics Rothschild, K., & Lim, M. (2015, Society in 2018. for imaging through highly scattering October 6). 10,088,474, Methods media in oil reservoir applications. and compositions for phototransfer. Catherine Klapperich received the Retrieved from: http://patft.uspto.gov/ Department Award for Faculty Service Bishop, D., Holyoke, M., Cannel, from the Boston University Department G., Chang, J., & Imboden, M. (2016). Rothschild, K., Lim, M., & Bergo, V. of Biomedical Engineering in 2018. 15274414, Widely Tunable cavity filter (2016, October 3). 10,060,912, Global using low voltage, large out of plane proteomic screening of random bead Siddharth Ramachandran was elected actuation mems. arrays using mass spectrometry imaging. Fellow of the Institute of Electrical Retrieved from: https://scholar.google. Retrieved From: http://patft.uspto.gov/ and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) and com Fellow of SPIE International. Zhang, X., Anderson, S. W., Duan, G., Bishop, D., Holyoke, M., Kannel, G., & Zhao, X. (2017, June 7). 62/516,376, Michelle Sander received the Beacken, M., Chang, J., & Imboden, M. Apparatus for improving magnetic Boston University UROP Award for (2017). 15274433, Mems device with resonance imaging. spring and fall 2018. large out-of-plane actuation and low- resistance interconnect and methods of Zhang, X., Ghaffarivardavag, R., Anna Swan received the College of use. Retrieved from: & Anderson, S. (2018, August 3). Engineering Faculty Service Award https://patents.google.com/patent/ 62/714,246, Air-transparent selective from the Boston University College of US20170141755A1/en sound silencer using ultra-open Engineering in 2018. metamaterial. Little, T., Bishop, D., Morrison, J., & Matthias, I. (2016, July 22). MEMS Lei Tian received the Dean’s Catalyst Zhang, X., Seren, H. R., Zhao, X., devices for smart lighting applications. Award from the Boston University Duan, G., Wang, C., & Chen, C. College of Engineering in 2018. Dal Negro, L. (2017, April 21). (2016, June 30). US 2018/0003851 A1, Wireless fluidic readout platform John White was elected Treasurer of U.S. Provisional No.: 62/488,121, the Biomedical Engineering Society in Azimuthally-zimthally-modulated for sensors. 2018. aperiodic phase arrays for engineered spectral separation. Xin Zhang received the Boston University Technology Development Otchy, T., Gardner, T., White, A., Award in 2018. Lissandrello, C., Gillis, W., Shen, J., . . . Chew, D. (2017, June). 62/367,975, Xin Zhang received the Boston Nerve cuff, methods of fabricating the University Innovator of the Year Award same and methods of use. in 2018. Galagan, J., Dennis, A., Klapperich, Xin Zhang received the Boston C., Grinstaff, M., Nguyen, T. T., Baer, University Charles DeLisi Award and R. C., . . . Chern, M. (2018, December gave the Charles DeLisi Distinguished 4). 62/594,209, Microbial based ANNUAL REPORT 2019 - 34 Faculty List

Stephan Anderson Thomas Bifano David Boas Jerry Chen Professor, Radiology Professor, ME Professor, BME, ECE Assistant Professor, Biology, BME 820 Harrison Ave. 8 Saint Mary’s St., 927 610 Commonwealth Ave, 804 8 Saint Mary’s St., 827 617-638-6610 617-353-8908 617-358-1709 617-353-1276 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

Research interests: Research interests: Research interests: Research interests: • Radiology • Microelectromechanical systems • Neurophotonics • Long-range cortical • Adaptive optics communications

Soumendra Basu Professor, ME, MSE Keith Brown Irving Bigio Assistant Professor, ME, MSE, Physics Ji-Xin Cheng 730 Commonwealth Ave. Professor, BME, ECE Professor, ECE, BME 8 Saint Mary’s St., 920 EMA 204 44 Cummington Mall, 233 8 Saint Mary’s St., 827 617-353-6728 627-353-4841 617-358-1987 [email protected] 617-353-1276 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

Research interests: Research interests: Research interests: • Top-down pattering and bottom- Research interests: • Environmental degradation of • Biomedical optics • Label-free microscopy materials at elevated temperatures up assembly • Medical applications of optics, • Mesoscale soft materials • Medical Photonics • Structure and stability of lasers, and spectroscopy interfaces • Scanning probe techniques

John Connor David Bishop Scott Bunch Associate Professor, MED Enrico Bellotti Professor, MSE, ME, ECE, BME, Associate Professor, ME, MSE 72 E. Concord St., R516 Professor, ECE, MSE Physics 110 Cummington Mall, 404 617-638-0339 8 Saint Mary’s St., 533 8 St. Mary’s St., 609 617-353-7706 [email protected] 617-358-1576 617-358-4080 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Research interests: Research interests: • Label-free virus detection Research interests: Research interests: • Experimental nanomechanics of • Identification of biomarkers of • Computational electronics • Low temperature physics 2D materials infection • Semiconductor materials • Mechanical properties of materials • Molecular transport through • Virus/host interactions at low temperatures porous graphene • MEMS and NEMS • Graphene adhesion

35 - BOSTON UNIVERSITY PHOTONICS CENTER Luca Dal Negro Shyamsunder Erramilli Bennett Goldberg Allyn Hubbard Associate Professor, ECE, MSE, Professor, Physics, BME, MSE Professor Emeritus, Physics Professor Emeritus, ECE, BME Physics 590 Commonwealth Ave., 214 [email protected] [email protected] 8 St. Mary’s St., 825 617-353-6114 617-358-2627 [email protected] Research interests: Research interests: [email protected] • Biological sensors • Auditory physiology Research interests: Research interests: • Semiconductor IC optic failure • Neurocomputing and biosensors • Infrared and Raman microscopy • Nanophotonics analysis • Quantum cascade laser sources • Optics of complex media • Nanotubes and nano-optics • Ultrafast infrared spectroscopy

Ajay Joshi Allison Dennis Associate Professor, ECE Assistant Professor, BME, MSE Helen Fawcett Lee Goldstein 8 St. Mary’s St.,334 8 St. Mary’s St., 731 Research Assistant Professor, ME Associate Professor, Psychiatry 617-353-4840 617-353-8509 8 St. Mary’s St., 935 670 Albany St., 4th floor [email protected] [email protected] 857-753-1719 617-414-8361 [email protected] [email protected] Research interests: Research interests: • On-chip and off-chip interconnect • Nanobiotechnology Research interests: Research interests: design • Flourescent biosensing • Biodetection, optics, nanoscale • Alzheimers disease • Computer architecture • Quantum dot chemistry lithography, and imaging • Biometals and metallomics • Flourescence resonance energy • STEM outreach and development • Molecular aging disorders transfer (FRET)

Maria Kamenetska Associate Professor, Chemistry, Physics Christopher Gabel Xue Han Assistant Professor, MED New Center Member Kamil Ekinci Associate Professor, BME Professor, ME, MSE 700 Albany St. 617-638-4267 610 Commonwealth Ave., 805B 8 St. Mary’s St.,910A 110 Cummington Mall, 401 [email protected] 617-358-6189 617-353-2500 617-353-8670 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Research interests: • Optical neurophysiology Research interests: Research interests: Research interests: • Femtosecond laser surgery • Neurotechnology • Intermolecular interface in • Nanophotonics, nano- biological and man-made devices optomechanics, and optical metrology • Nanofluidics • Nanomechanics and NEMS

ANNUAL REPORT 2019 - 36 Research interests: • Photonic material processing • Optical fiber fabrication, lasers, and sensors

Siddharth Ramachandran Catherine Klapperich Kenneth Rothschild Professor, ECE, MSE Professor, BME, ME, MSE Professor, Physics 8 St. Mary’s St., 521 44 Cummington Mall, 701A 617-353-9881 590 Commonwealth Ave, 209 617-358-0253 [email protected] 617-353-2603 [email protected] Theodore Moustakas [email protected] Research interests: Research interests: Professor Emeritus, ECE, MSE • Micro and nano optical fibers Research interests: • Nanomechanics of hydrated [email protected] • Optical physics of guided waves • Biomembrane technology and biomaterials biomolecular photonics • Microfluidic device design Research interests: • Ion transport • Growth by MBE and HVPE of nitride semiconductors • Amorphous semiconductors

Xi Ling Bjorn Reinhard Assistant Professor, Chemistry, MSE Professor, Chemistry Michael Ruane Professor Emeritus, ECE 590 Commonwealth Ave., 273 8 St. Mary’s St., 727 617-358-0253 617-353-8669 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Roberto Paiella Research interests: Professor, ECE, MSE Research interests: • Resonant cavity biosensors Research interests: • Micro and nano optical fibers • Nanomaterials and their hybrid 8 St. Mary’s St., 529 • New optical materials structures 617-353-8883 • Synthesis of van der Waals [email protected] materials Research interests: • Terahertz photonics • Plasmonics and related optoelectronic device applications

Michelle Sander Assistant Professor, ECE, MSE Darren Roblyer Assistant Professor, BME 8 St. Mary’s St., 534 617-358-0505 44 Cummington Mall, 231 Jerome Mertz [email protected] Professor, BME, ECE 617-358-1554 [email protected] Research interests: • Femtosecond lasers 24 Cummington Mall, 202 617-358-0746 Milos Popovic Research interests: [email protected] Assistant Professor, ECE • Diffuse optics 8 St. Mary’s St., 726 • Therapies in oncology Research interests: 617-358-6188 • Optical functional imaging • Development and applications [email protected] of novel optical microscopy for biological imaging Research interests: • High resolution imaging • Silicon photonics • First-prinicples theory and design of integrated photonic devices

Theodore Morse Professor Emeritus, ECE, MSE

[email protected]

37 - BOSTON UNIVERSITY PHOTONICS CENTER Joshua Semeter Alexander Sushkov Lei Tian Brian Walsh Professor, ECE Assistant Professor, Physics, ECE Assistant Professor, ECE Assistant Professor, ME, ECE 8 St. Mary’s St., 537 110 Cummington Mall, 303 590 Comm. Ave, 213 8 St. Mary’s St., 830 617-358-3498 617-353-3414 617-353-2619 617-353-1334 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Research interests: Research interests: Research interests: Research interests: • Ionospheric and space plasma • Space plasma dynamics • Quantum tools for precision • Computational imaging and physics • Solar wind-planetary coupling measurements sensing • Image processing • Small spacecraft • Magnetic imaging • Gigapixel 3D microscopy • Compressive imaging

Alice White Alexander Sergienko Anna Swan Professor, ME, MSE, BME Professor, ECE Associate Professor, ECE, MSE, Physics Barry Unger 110 Cummington Mall, 107 8 St. Mary’s St.,729 Associate Professor, MET 617-353-6564 617-353-4846 8 St. Mary’s St., 828 [email protected] [email protected] 617-353-1275 808 Commonwealth Ave. [email protected] 617-353-0940 Research interests: Research interests: [email protected] • Ultrafast quantum optics Research interests: • Nanoscale 3D printing • Interactions of biomaterials with • Mechanical metamaterials • Quantum metrology Research interests: • Quantum biophotonics nanostructures • Carbon nanotubes • High technology • Venture capital businesses

John White Professor, BME Andre Sharon Professor, ME, MSE Malvin Teich 44 Cummington Mall, 403 15 St. Mary’s St., 101 Professor Emeritus, ECE, BME Selim Unlu 617-353-2805 Professor, ECE, BME, MSE 617-353-1888 [email protected] [email protected] 8 St. Mary’s St., 916 617-353-1236 8 St. Mary’s St., 826 Research interests: Research interests: [email protected] 617-353-5067 • Mechanisms of episodic memory • Electromechanical machines [email protected] • Pathophysiology of epilepsy • Fiber optic manufacture Research interests: • Computational neuroscience • Biomedical devices • Quantum photonics Research interests: • Neural coding • Near-field optical microscopy • Nanoscale imaging of biological samples • Biosensors

ANNUAL REPORT 2019 - 38 Chen Yang Lawrence Ziegler Associate Professor, Chemistry, ECE Professor, Chemistry

8 Saint Mary’s St., 829 8 St. Mary’s St., 719 617-358-4837 617-353-8663 [email protected] [email protected]

Research interests: Research interests: • Nano materials for their potential • Spontaneous resonance Raman applications in nanoscale devices studies of photodissociative and and biological applications biological chromophores

FACULTY COMMITTEES

The Photonics Center has five committees that support and serve its faculty and staff. The Photonics Center Director appoints committee chairs each year.

Ji Yi Assistant Professor, MED, BME Photonics Center Guest Speakers: Chair – Tim Weber 650 Albany St. 617-638-6599 The Distinguished Speaker Seminar Series is managed by student [email protected] leaders of the BU student chapters of the Optical Society of

Research interests: America and SPIE. With support by the Photonics Center • Novel optical techniques for early for travel and seminar expenses, students host a distinguished disease detection • Monitoring disease progression speaker of their choice each semester. and prognosis Education: Chair – Open The Education Committee investigates methods for applying and enriching education of photonics within the community and BU programs.

Xin Zhang Academic Advisory: Professor, ME, MSE, ECE, BME Chair – Dr. Thomas Bifano 8 St. Mary’s St., 921 The Academic Advisory Committee advises the Director of 617-353-2702 the Photonics Center on educational and academic issues and is [email protected] comprised of the chairs from the Center’s affiliated departments. Research interests: • Micro nanomaterials • Micro nanomechanics Space Allocation: Chair – Dr. Thomas Bifano This committee chair generates policy guidelines for space management.

Symposium: Chair – Dr. David Bishop This committee chair organized the 22nd annual Photonics Center Symposium that focused on cardiac tissue engineering. The symposium included university speakers.

39 - BOSTON UNIVERSITY PHOTONICS CENTER Leadership & Staff

Photonics Center Organizational Chart

Joshua Albert Meghan Foley Paul Mak Communications Manager of Laboratory Manager Specialist, ERC Administration 8 St. Mary’s St., 821 8 St. Mary’s St., 938A 8 St. Mary’s St., 931 617-353-8869 857-268-3659 617-358-4438 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

Brenda Hugot Dr. Thomas Bifano Beth Mathisen Administrator, ERC Director Communications & Events Manager 8 St. Mary’s St., 918 8 St. Mary’s St., 927 617-353-1910 617-353-8908 8 St. Mary’s St., 937 [email protected] [email protected] 617-353-8907 [email protected]

Yvonne Cancino Nozomi Ito Cara Ellis McCarthy Administrative Administrative Director, Finance, Coordinator, Business Manager, ERC Administration & Innovation Center Personnel Management BU 8 St. Mary’s St., 917 8 St. Mary’s St.,623 617-353-2442 8 St. Mary’s St., 928 617-358-0480 [email protected] 617-358-4257 [email protected] [email protected]

Cynthia Kowal Alexey Nikiforov Thomas Dudley Senior Proposal Laboratory Manager Director of Development Technical & Industry Administrator 8 St. Mary’s St., 831 Engagement 617-353-9045 8 St. Mary’s St., 938 [email protected] 8 St. Mary’s St., 929 617-353-8656 617-358-4924 [email protected] [email protected] Helen Fawcett Anlee Krupp Manager, Operations Laboratory Manager & Technical Programs 8 St. Mary’s St., 933 8 St. Mary’s St., 935 617-353-9044 857-753-1719 [email protected] [email protected]

ANNUAL REPORT 2019 - 40 LIST OF AWARDED GRANTS

Photonics faculty members received more than $29.7.M in new external funding in the past year. The following table lists funds in the fiscal year (July 1, 2018 - June 30, 2019), as reported by the Sponsored Programs office.

GRANT TITLE PI NAME SPONSOR FUNDING AMOUNT PERIOD FUNDED IN FY19 CRA: COMPUTATIONALLY- BELLOTTI University of Utah 1/1/2014-12/31/2019 $805,658 GUIDED DESIGN OF ENERGY ENRICO EFFICIENT ELECTRONIC MATERIALS (CDE3M) CENTER FOR SEMICONDUCTOR BELLOTTI Department of Defense/ARL 9/1/2017-11/30/2022 $750,000 MODELLING ENRICO SUPPORT FOR II-VI WORKSHOP BELLOTTI Department of Defense/Army 10/1/2018-9/30/2019 $20,000 ENRICO Contracting C WORKSHOP ON ELECTRONICS, BELLOTTI National Science Foundation 10/1/2018-9/30/2019 $46,179 PHOTONICS AND MAGNETICS ENRICO (EPM) - NETWORK FOR COMPUTATIONAL NANOTECHNOLOGY (NCN), TO BE HELD OCTOBER 11-12, 2018, ALEXANDRIA,VA, DURIP: CENTER FOR BELLOTTI Department of Defense/ARO 2/1/2019-3/14/2020 $250,001 SEMICONDUCTOR ENRICO MODELLING COMPUTATIONAL INFRASTRUCTURE OPTICAL AND BIFANO THOMAS Regents of the University of 9/1/2017-8/31/2019 $202,009 THERMOMECHANICAL DESIGN Minnesota OF HIGH REFLECTIVITY DEFORMABLE MEMBRANES A SWALLOWED-CAPSULE BIGIO IRVING NIH/National Institute of 9/30/2017-8/31/2020 $222,750 OPTICAL SCREENING TOOL FOR Biomedical Ima HISTOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF THE ESOPHAGUS PERSONNEL AGREEMENT FOR BIGIO IRVING VA Boston Healthcare System 9/1/2018-6/30/2019 $74,820 RESEARCH SERVICES OF ELADIO RODRIGUEZ-DIAZ DEVELOPMENT OF OPTICAL BIGIO IRVING DermaSensor, Inc. 8/1/2016-12/31/2019 $48,703 INSTRUMENTS FOR SENSING SKIN DISEASE NANOSYSTEMS ENGINEERING BISHOP DAVID National Science Foundation 10/1/2017-9/30/2022 $4,542,072 RESEARCH CENTER FOR DIRECTED MULTISCALE ASSEMBLY OF CELLULAR METAMATERIALS WITH NANOSCALE PRECISION: CELL- MET MICROSCOPIC FOUNDATION OF BOAS DAVID University of California, San 6/1/2017-5/31/2021 $159,350 MULTIMODAL HUMAN IMAGING Diego MICROSCOPIC IMAGING OF BOAS DAVID NIH/National Institute of 9/1/2017-6/30/2019 $896,864 TISSUE OXYGEN DELIVERY Biomedical Ima ALTERED BY MICROVASCULAR CHANGES GATED DIFFUSE CORRELATION BOAS DAVID General Hospital Corp d/b/a 9/25/2017-7/31/2019 $82,500 SPECTROSCOPY FOR Massachusett FUNCTIONAL IMAGING OF THE HUMAN BRAIN ESTABLISHING AN FNIRS BOAS DAVID NIH/National Institute of 1/1/2018-12/31/2021 $247,607 ECOSYSTEM FOR OPEN Neurological D SOFTWARE-HARDWARE DISSEMINATION IMPROVING HUMAN FMRI BOAS DAVID Massachusetts General 11/1/2017-7/31/2021 $113,167 THROUGH MODELING AND Hospital IMAGING MICROVASCULAR DYNAMICS

41 - BOSTON UNIVERSITY PHOTONICS CENTER GRANT TITLE PI NAME SPONSOR FUNDING AMOUNT PERIOD FUNDED IN FY19 THE IMPACT OF MICROVASCULAR BOAS DAVID NIH/National Institute of 9/1/2018-5/31/2023 $1,307,436 (DYS)REGULATION ON Neurological D CEREBRAL FLOW AND OXYGEN HETEROGENEITY

IMAGING AND ANALYSIS BOAS DAVID Massachusetts General 8/22/2018-5/31/2023 $430,118 TECHNIQUES TO CONSTRUCT Hospital A CELL CENSUS ATLAS OF THE HUMAN BRAIN 2018 WORKSHOP: INTEGRATING BOAS DAVID National Science Foundation 11/1/2018-10/31/2019 $88,350 NEUROPHOTONICS, STATISTICAL PHYSICS, AND CONTROL THEORY FOR ADVANCING NEUROSCIENCE NONINVASIVE FAST OPTICAL BOAS DAVID Facebook 10/9/2018-5/7/2019 $249,500 CORRELATES OF NEURAL AND NEUROVASCULAR ACTIVITY NONINVASIVE FAST OPTICAL BOAS DAVID Facebook Technologies, LLC 5/7/2019-5/19/2020 $ 614,009 CORRELATES OF NEURAL AND NEUROVASCULAR ACTIVITY (MURI 15) A 4D NANOPRINTER BROWN KEITH Northwestern University 12/15/2016-3/14/2019 $100,000 FOR MAKING AND MANIPULATING MACROSCOPIC MATERIAL MULTIFUNCTIONAL ENZYMATIC BROWN KEITH Department of Defense/ 9/14/2018-9/13/2019 $80,000 AND WATER REPELLENT Natick Soldier Res SURFACES HIGH-THROUGHPUT HIGH- CHENG JI-XIN NIH/National Institute of 5/1/2017-4/30/2020 $388,535 CONTENT SINGLE CELL General Medica ANALYSIS BY MULTICHANNEL STIMULATEDRAMAN FLOW CYTOMETRY IN VIVO PHOTOACTOUSTIC CHENG JI-XIN NIH/National Heart, Lung, 8/1/2017-7/31/2019 $588,373 SENSING OF LIPID LADEN and Blood Inst PLAQUE VOLUMETRIC CHEMICAL CHENG JI-XIN National Science Foundation 7/1/2018-6/30/2021 $280,000 IMAGING OF CELL METABOLISM BY STIMULATED RAMAN PROJECTION HIGHLY SENSITIVE CHEMICAL CHENG JI-XIN NIH/National Institute of 9/6/2018-7/31/2022 $466,899 MICROSCOPY BY PROBING THE General Medica THERMAL EFFECT OF INFRARED LIGHT QUANTITATIVE SRS IMAGING CHENG JI-XIN NIH/National Cancer Institute 9/20/2018-8/31/2021 $390,880 OF CANCER METABOLISM AT SINGLE CELL LEVEL UNVEILING THE MECHANISMS CHENG JI-XIN NIH/National Institute of 9/30/2018-6/30/2023 $1,347,760 OF ULTRASOUND Neurological D NEUROMODULATION VIA SPATIALLY CONFINED STIMULATION AND TEMPORALLY RESOLVED RECORDING METABOLIC ASSESSMENT CHENG JI-XIN NIH/National Institute of 12/1/2018-11/30/2022 $563,680 OF ANTI-MICROBIAL Allergy & Infe SUSCEPTIBILITY WITHIN ONE CELL CYCLE IRAMAN: BREAKTHROUGH CHENG JI-XIN Photothermal Spectroscopy 10/1/2018-3/31/2019 $66,000 BIOMEDICAL MICROSCOPE WITH Corp. SIMULTANEOUS INFRARED AND RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY AT SUB- MICRON SPATIAL RESOLUTION TARGETING LIPID CHENG JI-XIN Northwestern University 8/1/2018-7/31/2023 $194,350 UNSATURATION IN OVARIAN CANCER STEM CELLS

ANNUAL REPORT 2019 - 42 GRANT TITLE PI NAME SPONSOR FUNDING AMOUNT PERIOD FUNDED IN FY19 MICROSECOND TIME SCALE CHENG JI-XIN Purdue University 7/1/2017-12/31/2019 $146,000 VIBRATIONAL SPECTRAL IMAGING OF LIVING SYSTEMS

GENETIC PROBING OF RESIDUES CONNOR JOHN NIH/National Institute of 7/1/2018-6/30/2020 $206,250 INVOLVED IN EBOLAVIRUS Allergy & Infe GLYCOPROTEIN ENTRY

SBIR PHASE II: HIGH- CONNOR JOHN Nanoview Diagnostics Inc. 8/15/2018-7/31/2020 $100,000 THROUGHPUT AND SCALABLE NANOPARTICLE CHARACTERIZATION FOR LIFE SCIENCES APPLICATIONS FRACTIONAL PDES FOR DAL NEGRO Brown University 5/15/2018-7/31/2018 $70,000 CONSERVATION LAWS AND LUCA BEYOND: THEORY, NUMERICS AND APPLICATIONS NANOSCALE FLUID-STRUCTURE EKINCI KAMIL National Science Foundation 7/1/2016-6/30/2020 $24,540 INTERACTION: HYDRODYNAMIC SYNCHRONIZATION OF HIGH- FREQUENCY NANOMECHANICAL OSCILLATORS A RAPID AND SENSITIVE EKINCI KAMIL NIH/National Institute of 5/22/2018-4/30/2020 $247,500 ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY Allergy & Infe TEST FOR URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS ROADMAP FOR COLLABORATION: EKINCI KAMIL Aramco Services Company 5/22/2019-5/22/2022 $389,866 NEMS SENSORS FOR CHARACTERIZATION OF POLYMER SOLUTIONS BIOMARKER-DRIVEN GOLDSTEIN LEE Biogen, Inc. 8/23/2018-8/23/2020 $1,603,052 DIAGNOSTICS AND TREATMENTS FOR TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY AND CHRONIC TRAUMATIC ENCEPHALOPATHY NOVEL AMNION CELL GOLDSTEIN LEE Noveome Biotherapeutics, Inc 1/4/2019-1/4/2021 $387,750 SECRETOME BIOTHERAPEUTIC FOR TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY AND CHRONIC TRAUMATIC ENCEPHALOPATHY FROM BENCH TO BED: BLOOD- GOLDSTEIN LEE Crown Philanthropies 1/1/2019-12/31/2020 $200,000 BRAIN BARRIER AS A NOVEL TARGET FOR DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT MIT BILLING AGREEMENT-AN HAN XUE Massachusetts Institute of 9/1/2018-8/31/2019 $20,340 ACCESSIBLE TOOLBOX FOR Technology COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF NEURAL TISSUE (SETH BENSUSSEN) MIT BILLING AGREEMENT- HAN XUE Massachusetts Institute of 9/1/2018-8/31/2019 $32,359 RNA SCAFFOLDS FOR CELL Technology SPECIFIC MULTIPLEXED NEURAL OBSERVATION (SANAYA SHROFF) RAISE INTEGRATING MACHINE HAN XUE National Science Foundation 10/1/2018-9/30/2021 $999,999 LEARNING AND BIOLOGICAL NEURAL NETWORKS CORTICAL SPATIAL PROCESSING HAN XUE NIH/National Institute of 5/15/2019-3/31/2021 $360,113 FOR SOLVING THE COCKTAIL Neurological D PARTY PROBLEM ROBUST CONDUCTANCE AND KAMENETSKA Department of Defense/ 1/1/2019-12/31/2022 $150,000 FORCE MEASUREMENTS OF MARIA AFOSR SINGLE DNA MOLECULES TO QUANTIFY NUCLEOSOME UNWINDING

43 - BOSTON UNIVERSITY PHOTONICS CENTER GRANT TITLE PI NAME SPONSOR FUNDING AMOUNT PERIOD FUNDED IN FY19 DEVELOPMENT OF LABEL- MERTZ JEROME NIH/National Institute of 6/1/2018-3/31/2020 $206,250 FREE COMPUTATIONAL FLOW General Medica CYTOMETRY FOR HIGH- THROUGHPUT MICRO-ORGANISM CLASSIFICATION ADVANCED LASER SCANNING MERTZ JEROME NIH/Office of the Director 8/1/2018-7/31/2019 $448,479 CONFOCAL MICROSCOPE FOR MULTIPLE USERS RETINAL/CHOROIDAL IMAGING MERTZ JEROME NIH/National Eye Institute 9/1/2018-8/31/2020 $234,500 WITH TRANSCRANIAL BACK- ILLUMINATION SCALABLE: SELF-COHERING POPOVIC MILOS Regents of the University of 3/7/2018-6/7/2019 $120,170 ADAPTIVE LIDAR ARRAY Colorado, o BUILDING-BLOCK LIGHT ENGINE RAISE-EQUIP: SINGLE-CHIP, POPOVIC MILOS National Science Foundation 10/1/2018-9/30/2021 $758,000 WALL-PLUG PHOTON PAIR SOURCE AND CMOS QUANTUM SYSTEMS ON CHIP ICENET: INTEGRATED POPOVIC MILOS Department of Defense/ARO 5/1/2019-4/30/2020 $500,000 CRYOGENIC EGRESS WITH NANOPHOTONICS FOR EXASCALE TECHNOLOGY MULTI-CAVITY SILICON POPOVIC MILOS Ball Aerospace & Technologies 1/2/2018-12/31/2019 $265,062 RESONANT MODULATOR FOR EFFICIENT RF-TO-OPTICAL SIGNAL SENSING FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH RAMACHANDRAN University of Illinois 8/1/2013-7/30/2019 $195,573 ON WAVELENGTH-AGILE SIDDHARTH HIGH-RATE QUANTUM KEY DISTRIBUTION (QKD) IN A MARINE ENVIRONMENT (BRI) HIGH-POWER FIBER RAMACHANDRAN Department of Defense/ 9/1/2014-8/31/2019 $250,000 LASERS USING INTERMODAL SIDDHARTH AFOSR NONLINEARITIES POWER-SCALABLE BLUE FIBER RAMACHANDRAN Department of Defense/ONR 4/15/2017-4/14/2019 $112,500 LASERS SIDDHARTH HIGH CAPACITY DATA CENTERS RAMACHANDRAN Brookhaven National 11/6/2018-12/31/2021 $251,184 WITH ORBITAL ANGULAR SIDDHARTH Laboratory MOMENTUM (OAM) SUPPORTING FIBERS PLASMON COUPLING REINHARD National Science Foundation 5/1/2018-4/30/2021 $263,823 CORRELATION SPECTROSCOPY BJOERN ELUCIDATING REINHARD National Science Foundation 7/15/2018-6/30/2021 $325,038 MULTIPARAMETRIC BJOERN NANOPARTICLE - INTESTINAL MEMBRANE INTERACTIONS IN AN IN VITRO MODEL SYSTEM EFRI CEE: OPTICALLY ROBLYER Beth Israel Deaconess Medical 9/1/2018-8/31/2022 $121,094 CONTROLLED LOCALIZED DARREN Center, In EPIGENETIC CHROMATIN REMODELING WITH PHOTOACTIVATABLE CRISPR- DCAS9 CARDIOPTOX PILOT ROBLYER The Brigham and Women’s 11/1/2018-10/31/2019 $82,500 DARREN Hospital, Inc.

ANNUAL REPORT 2019 - 44 GRANT TITLE PI NAME SPONSOR FUNDING AMOUNT PERIOD FUNDED IN FY19 A WEARABLE PROBE FOR ROBLYER American Cancer Society, Inc. 7/1/2018-6/30/2020 $240,000 DEEP TISSUE IMAGING OF DARREN HEMODYNAMICS IN BREAST TUMORS

17-HELIO17F-0035, SEMETER NASA 9/1/2017-8/31/2019 $45,000 SIMULTANEOUS MEASUREMENTS JOSHUA OF SUBSTORM ELECTRON ENERGIZATION IN THE IONOSPHERE AND THE PLASMA SHEET PARTICLE ENERGIZATION SEMETER NASA 3/16/2018-3/15/2021 $152,620 IN THE MAGNETOTAIL AND JOSHUA AURORA: COMPARATIVE STUDY USING IN SITU MEASUREMENTS AND SPATIALLY RESOLVED IONOSPHERIC SENSING GEOSPACE ENERGY SEMETER National Science Foundation 8/1/2018-7/31/2021 $375,974 EXCHANGE IN STRUCTURED JOSHUA ELECTRODYNAMIC ENVIRONMENTS EFRI ACQUIRE: MICROCHIP SERGIENKO University of California, San 1/1/2017-12/31/2020 $97,000 PHOTONIC DEVICES FOR ALEXANDER Diego QUANTUM COMMUNICATION OVER FIBER EFFICIENT QUANTUM SERGIENKO Department of Defense/ 12/15/2017-12/14/2019 $150,000 FREQUENCY CONVERSION FOR ALEXANDER AFOSR QUANTUM COMMUNICATION AND QUANTUM INFORMATION PROCESSING LIGHT AXION DARK MATTER SUSHKOV National Science Foundation 9/1/2018-8/31/2021 $129,869 SEARCH USING TOROIDAL ALEXANDER FERRITE QUANTUM SYSTEM SUSHKOV Department of Energy 9/1/2018-8/31/2019 $350,000 ENGINEERING AND ALEXANDER ENTANGLEMENT FOR A NEXT- GENERATION SEARCH FOR AXION DARK MATTER COSMIC AXION SPIN PROCESSION SUSHKOV American Physical Society 1/1/2019-12/31/2019 $24,975 AND DARK MATTER RADIO ALEXANDER EXPERIMENTAL WORKSHOP CAREER: OPTICAL INTENSITY TIAN LEI National Science Foundation 3/1/2019-2/29/2024 $286,803 DIFFRACTION TOMOGRAPHY WITH MULTIPLE SCATTERING A COMPUTATIONAL MINIATURE TIAN LEI NIH/National Eye Institute 4/1/2019-3/31/2021 $247,500 MESOSCOPE FOR LARGE-SCALE BRAIN MAPPING IN BEHAVING MICE SBIR-PHASE-II: HIGH- UNLU SELIM Nanoview Diagnostics Inc. 8/15/2018-7/31/2020 $150,000 THROUGHPUT NANOPARTICLE CHARACTERIZATION FOR LIFE SCIENCE APPLICATIONS CUPID CUBESAT OBSERVATORY WALSH BRIAN NASA 4/25/2016-9/30/2020 $111,152 SOLAR WIND MAGNETOSPHERE WALSH BRIAN NASA 5/1/2018-4/30/2021 $63,804 IONOSPHERE LINK EXPLORER (SMILE) CAREER: SPREADING OF 3D WALSH BRIAN National Science Foundation 5/1/2018-4/30/2021 $63,804 MAGNETIC RECONNECTION CAREER: SPREADING OF 3D WALSH BRIAN National Science Foundation 5/1/2018-4/30/2021 $63,804 MAGNETIC RECONNECTION CAREER: SPREADING OF 3D WALSH BRIAN National Science Foundation 6/1/2019-5/31/2024 $138,417 MAGNETIC RECONNECTION

45 - BOSTON UNIVERSITY PHOTONICS CENTER GRANT TITLE PI NAME SPONSOR FUNDING AMOUNT PERIOD FUNDED IN FY19 TRAINING PROGRAM IN WHITE JOHN NIH/National Institute of 7/1/2017-6/30/2022 $377,039 QUANTITATIVE BIOLOGY AND General Medica PHYSIOLOGY SYNCHRONIZATION IN NOISY, WHITE JOHN Louisiana State University 8/1/2018-4/30/2023 $400,182 HETEROGENEOUS EXCITATORY/ INHIBITORY NETWORKS RET SITE: INTEGRATED ZHANG XIN National Science 5/1/2018-4/30/2021 $10,000 NANOMANUFACTURING Foundation

METAMATERIAL-ENABLED ZHANG XIN NIH/National Institute of 7/1/2018-3/31/2021 $206,250 MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING Biomedical Ima ENHANCEMENT

OP: MEMS-ENABLED TUNABLE ZHANG XIN National Science 9/1/2018-8/31/2021 $362,119 METAMATERIALS: DYNAMIC Foundation WAVEFRONT TAILORING WITH RECONFIGURABLE METASURFACES EMBEDDED BI-LAYER PARTICLE ZHANG XIN University of Texas at 10/1/2018-9/30/2019 $20,000 AS AN ACOUSTIC CONTRAST Austin AGENT FOR CEMENT DEFECT DETECTION REU SITE: INTEGRATED ZHANG XIN National Science 3/15/2019-2/28/2022 $397,428 NANOMANUFACTURING Foundation

DRAPER LABORATORIES ZHANG XIN Draper Laboratory, Inc. 6/1/2017-5/31/2019 $56,527 FELLOWSHIP (DAVID SUTHERLAND)

BODY FLUID ANALYSIS ZIEGLER Department of Justice 1/1/2019-12/31/2021 $462,091 DETECTION AND LAWRENCE IDENTIFICATION BY SURFACE ENHANCED RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY FOR FORENSIC SCIENTISTS TOTAL: $ 29,704,783

In the above image, featuring Professor Selim Unlu’s research, Single Particle Interferometric Reflectance (SPIR) imaging allows for label-free detection and visualization of low contrast nanostructures. “Computational asymmetric illumination SPIR”, or caSPIR, improves the lateral resolution by a factor of two in visible optical microscopy. This image is scheduled to appear in a 2020 article in ACS Nano entitled “High-throughput, High-resolution interferometric light microscopy of biological nanoparticles.” (Source: Selim Unlu). ANNUAL REPORT 2019 - 46 In the paper “Silica Nanowire Growth on Coscinodiscus Species Diatom Frustules via Vapor–Liquid–Solid Process,” Professor Xin Zhang and her team employed a vapor-liquid-solid method to incorporate silicon dioxide nanowires on the surface of diatom frustules. This process features a preferential growth of the nanowires on top of the diatom frustules. Compared to the original frustule structures, the frustule-nanowire composite material’s surface area increased over 3-fold, and the light scattering ability increased by 10%. (Source: (A. Li, X. Zhao, S. Anderson, and X. Zhang, “Silica nanowire growth on coscinodiscus species diatom frustules via vapor-liquid-solid process,” Small, 2018, 14(47): 1801822. Copyright Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA. Reproduced with permission.) Reverberation image of in-vivo mouse-brain vasculature, in which multiple independent 8 Saint Mary’s Street, Suite 936 planes at different depths were imaged simultaneously. This new microscopy technique, Boston, MA 02215 called reverberation multi photon microscopy, was pioneered by Professor Jerome Mertz. Details of the patent-pending technique developed with support from the CELL MET Engineering Research Center’s Imaging Thrust will appear as a 2020 article in Nature www.bu.edu/photonics Methods entitled “Simultaneous multiplane imaging with reverberation two-photon microscopy.” (Source: Thomas Bifano).