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35 Cyproterone Acetate and Ethinyl Estradiol Tablets 2 Mg/0
PRODUCT MONOGRAPH INCLUDING PATIENT MEDICATION INFORMATION PrCYESTRA®-35 cyproterone acetate and ethinyl estradiol tablets 2 mg/0.035 mg THERAPEUTIC CLASSIFICATION Acne Therapy Paladin Labs Inc. Date of Preparation: 100 Alexis Nihon Blvd, Suite 600 January 17, 2019 St-Laurent, Quebec H4M 2P2 Version: 6.0 Control # 223341 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ CYESTRA-35 Product Monograph Page 1 of 48 Table of Contents PART I: HEALTH PROFESSIONAL INFORMATION ....................................................................... 3 SUMMARY PRODUCT INFORMATION ............................................................................................. 3 INDICATION AND CLINICAL USE ..................................................................................................... 3 CONTRAINDICATIONS ........................................................................................................................ 3 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS ....................................................................................................... 4 ADVERSE REACTIONS ....................................................................................................................... 13 DRUG INTERACTIONS ....................................................................................................................... 16 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION ................................................................................................ 20 OVERDOSAGE .................................................................................................................................... -
Therapeutic Medications Against Diabetes: What We Have and What We Expect
Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews 139 (2019) 3–15 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/addr Therapeutic medications against diabetes: What we have and what we expect Cheng Hu a,b, Weiping Jia a,⁎ a Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China b Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital South Campus, 6600 Nanfeng Road, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China article info abstract Article history: Diabetes has become one of the largest global health and economic burdens, with its increased prevalence and Received 28 June 2018 high complication ratio. Stable and satisfactory blood glucose control are vital to reduce diabetes-related compli- Received in revised form 1 September 2018 cations. Therefore, continuous attempts have been made in antidiabetic drugs, treatment routes, and traditional Accepted 27 November 2018 Chinese medicine to achieve better disease control. New antidiabetic drugs and appropriate combinations of Available online 5 December 2018 these drugs have increased diabetes control significantly. Besides, novel treatment routes including oral antidia- betic peptide delivery, nanocarrier delivery system, implantable drug delivery system are also pivotal for diabetes Keywords: fi Diabetes control, with its greater ef ciency, increased bioavailability, decreased toxicity and reduced dosing frequency. Treatment Among these new routes, nanotechnology, artificial pancreas and islet cell implantation have shown great poten- Drug delivery tial in diabetes therapy. Traditional Chinese medicine also offer new options for diabetes treatment. -
Therapeutic Effect of Antibiotics in the Compromised Host an Experimental Study
THERAPEUTIC EFFECT OF ANTIBIOTICS IN THE COMPROMISED HOST AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY THERAPEUTISCH EFFECT VAN ANTIBIOTICA IN DE GASTHEER MET VERMINDERDE WEERSTAND EEN EXPERIMENTELE STUDIE PROEFSCHRIFT TER VERKRDGING VAN DE GRAAD VAN DOCTOR AAN DE ERASMUS UNIVERSITEIT ROTTERDAM OP GEZAG VAN DE RECTOR MAGNIFICUS PROF. DR. A.H.G. RINNOOY KAN EN VOLGENS BESLUIT VAN HET COLLEGE VAN DEKANEN. DE OPENBARE VERDEDIGING ZAL PLAATSVINDEN OP WOENSDAG 14 DECEMBER 1988 OM 15.45 UUR DOOR ROBERT ROOSENDAAL GEBOREN TE ROERMOND Gedrukt bij Offsetdrukkerij Kanters B.V., Alblasserdam 1988 PROMOTIECOMMISSIE: Promotor: Prof. Dr. M.F. Michel Overige leden: Prof. Dr. J.WM. van der Meer Prof Dr. H.J. Neijens Prof. Dr. D. van der Waaij Co-promotor: Mw. Dr. I.A.J.M. Bakker-Woudenberg CONTENTS CHAPTER 1: GENERAL INTRODUCTION 7 CHAPTER 2: EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN 11 CHAPTER 3: IMPACT OF THE DOSAGE SCHEDULE ON THE THERAPEUTIC EFFECT OF ANTIBIOTIC IN RELATION TO THE SEVERITY OF INFECTION efficacy of ceftazidime in immunocompetent rats with Klebsiella pneumoniae pneumonia and septicemia 23 CHAPTER 4: IMPACT OF THE DOSAGE SCHEDULE ON THE THERAPEUTIC EFFECT OF ANTIBIOTIC IN RELATION TO HOST DEFENSE MECHANISMS efficacy of ceftazidime in immunocompetent versus leukopenic rats with Klebsiella pneumoniae pneumonia and septicemia 31 CHAPTER 5: IMPACT OF THE DOSAGE SCHEDULE ON THE THERAPEUTIC EFFECT IN RELATION TO THE KINETICS OF ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY IN VITRO AND IN VIVO FOR DIFFERENT CLASSES OF ANTIBIOTICS efficacy of ceftazidime, gentamicin, and ciprofloxacin in leukopenic rats with Klebsiella pneumoniae pneumonia and septicemia 39 CHAPTER 6: THERAPEUTIC EFFECT OF ANTIBIOTIC IN RELATION TO THE DURATION OF INFECTION AND THE BACTERIAL GROWTH RATE efficacy of ceftazidime, gentamicin, and ciprofloxacin in leukopenic rats with Klebsiella pneumoniae pneumonia and septicemia 53 CHAPTER 7: GENERAL DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS 69 REFERENCES 81 SUMMARY 93 SAMENVATTING 99 DANKWOORD 105 CURRICULUM VITAE 107 APPENDIX PAPER I Roosendaal R, Bakker-Woudenberg IA.JM, van den Berg JC, Michel MF. -
Use of Antipsychotic Medications in Nursing Facility Residents
POLICY Use of Antipsychotic Medications in Nursing Facility Residents Preamble The Office of Inspector General of the U. S. Department of Health and Human Services issued a report in May 2011 finding that 14% of elderly nursing home residents had Medicare claims for atypical antipsychotic drugs.1 In addition, 83% of the above Medicare claims for atypical antipsychotics for these elderly nursing home residents were for off---label indications. In 2005, the U. S. Food and Drug Administration required manufacturers of atypical antipsychotic medications to include a boxed warning that these antipsychotics may increase the risk of death in elderly persons with psychosis related to dementia. This warning was expanded to all antipsychotic drugs in 2008. The OIG report found that 88% of the use of atypical antipsychotics was in persons for whom this warning is applicable. As part of the report, OIG conducted medical record reviews on 600 elderly nursing facility residents. They found that 22% of the atypical antipsychotic medications were not administered in accordance with standards from the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services relating to unnecessary drug use in nursing homes. This controversial report from the OIG has generated concern about the use of antipsychotics in patients with dementia, and also criticism of the report itself.2 ---4 This document will provide additional background on this subject and a position statement from the American Society of Consultant Pharmacists. Background Understanding the findings and implications of the OIG report on use of atypical antipsychotics in nursing home residents requires placing the report findings into a proper context. Shown below are key points to understanding this report. -
Therapeutic Class Overview Fluoroquinolones
Therapeutic Class Overview Fluoroquinolones INTRODUCTION The fluoroquinolones are broad-spectrum antibiotics grouped into generations based on their spectrum of activity (Bolon 2011). ○ First generation agents, which are structurally quinolones rather than fluoroquinolones, possess activity against aerobic gram-negative bacteria but are not effective against aerobic gram-positive bacteria or anaerobes. The first generation agents (eg, nalidixic acid, cinoxacin) are no longer on the market. ○ Second generation agents, the original fluoroquinolones, contain a fluorine atom at position C-6. These agents offer improved coverage against gram-negative bacteria and moderately improved gram-positive coverage. The available second generation fluoroquinolones include ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, and ofloxacin. Lomefloxacin and norfloxacin are second generation agents which are no longer on the market. ○ Third generation agents achieve greater potency against gram-positive bacteria, particularly pneumococci, and also possess good activity against anaerobes. All 3 of the third generation agents, gatifloxacin, grepafloxacin, and sparfloxacin, were removed from the market due to toxicities. ○ Fourth generation fluoroquinolones have superior coverage against pneumococci and anaerobes. The available agent is moxifloxacin. Trovafloxacin, was removed from the market due to toxicities, and there is a drug shortage of gemifloxacin. ○ The most recently approved fluoroquinolone, delafloxacin, has an even broader spectrum of antibiotic activity and is commonly referred to as a “next generation” fluoroquinolone. The fluoroquinolones have been used to treat a variety of infections including urinary tract infections, sinusitis, lower respiratory tract infections, intra-abdominal infections, infectious diarrhea, skin and skin structure infections, sexually transmitted diseases, and bacterial prostatitis. A few of the agents also have Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for inhalational anthrax and plague. -
SMJ-56-567.Pdf
Singapore Med J 2015; 56(10): 567-572 Original Article doi: 10.11622/smedj.2015153 Comparison of the therapeutic effects of Garcin® and fluconazole on Candida vaginitis Farzaneh Ebrahimy1, MSc, Mahrokh Dolatian1, PhD, Fariborz Moatar2, PhD, Hamid Alavi Majd3, PhD INTRODUCTION This study aimed to determine and compare the effects of garlic tablets (Garcin®) and fluconazole on Candida vaginitis in women who presented to a health centre in Koohdasht, Iran, from August 2011 to March 2012. METHODS The clinical trial was conducted on 110 married women (aged 18–44 years) who had complaints of itching or a burning sensation in the vaginal area. Candida vaginitis was diagnosed by pH measurement of vaginal secretions, direct microscopic evaluation and Sabouraud dextrose agar cultures of the vaginal discharge. On confirmation of diagnosis, the patients were randomly divided into two groups (n = 55). One group received 1,500 mg of Garcin tablets daily and the other received fluconazoletable ts 150 mg daily, over a period of seven days. Four to seven days after the completion of treatment, patients were examined for treatment response and possible side effects. RESULTS Complaints related to the disease improved by about 44% in the Garcin group and 63.5% in the fluconazole group (p < 0.05). The overall symptoms of the disease (i.e. redness of vulva and vagina, cheesy discharge, pustulopapular lesions and abnormal cervix) improved by about 60% in the Garcin group and 71.2% in the fluconazole group (p > 0.05). Results of microscopic evaluation and vaginal discharge culture showed significant differences before and after intervention in both groups (p < 0.05). -
AVELOX Or Other Quinolones (4, 5.6) AVELOX® Safely and Effectively
HIGHLIGHTS OF PRESCRIBING INFORMATION -------------------------------CONTRAINDICATIONS----------------------------- These highlights do not include all the information needed to use Known hypersensitivity to AVELOX or other quinolones (4, 5.6) AVELOX® safely and effectively. See full prescribing information for AVELOX. -----------------------WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS----------------------- AVELOX® (moxifloxacin hydrochloride) Tablet, film-coated • Increased risk of tendinitis and tendon rupture. This risk is further increased AVELOX® (moxifloxacin hydrochloride) Injection, solution for IV use in older patients usually over 60 years of age, in patients taking Initial U.S. Approval: 1999 corticosteroids, and in patients with kidney, heart or lung transplants. To reduce the development of drug-resistant bacteria and maintain the Discontinue if pain or inflammation in a tendon occurs. (5.1, 8.5) effectiveness of AVELOX and other antibacterial drugs, AVELOX should be • Prolongation of the QT interval and isolated cases of torsade de pointes has used only to treat or prevent infections that are proven or strongly suspected to been reported. Avoid use in patients with known prolongation, hypokalemia, be caused by susceptible bacteria. and with drugs that prolong the QT interval. (5.2, 7.4, 8.5). Use caution in patients with proarrhythmic conditions such as clinically significant bradycardia or acute myocardial ischemia. (5.2) WARNING: • Serious and sometimes fatal hypersensitivity reactions, including Fluoroquinolones, including AVELOX®, are associated with an anaphylactic reactions, may occur after first or subsequent doses. increased risk of tendinitis and tendon rupture in all ages. This risk is Discontinue drug use at first sign of skin rash, jaundice or any other sign of further increased in older patients usually over 60 years of age, in hypersensitivity. -
Depo-Provera Contraceptive Injection Should Not Be Used As a Long
HIGHLIGHTS OF PRESCRIBING INFORMATION • Known hypersensitivity to Depo-Provera CI (medroxyprogesterone These highlights do not include all the information needed to use DEPO- acetate or any of its other ingredients). (4) PROVERA CI safely and effectively. See full prescribing information for • Significant liver disease. (4) DEPO-PROVERA CI. • Undiagnosed vaginal bleeding. (4) DEPO-PROVERA CI (medroxyprogesterone acetate) injectable ------------------------------WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS----------------- suspension, for intramuscular use Thromboembolic Disorders: Discontinue Depo-Provera CI in patients who develop thrombosis (5.2) Initial U.S. Approval: 1959 Cancer Risks: Monitor women with breast nodules or a strong family WARNING: LOSS OF BONE MINERAL DENSITY history of breast cancer carefully. (5.3) • Women who use Depo-Provera Contraceptive Injection (Depo- Ectopic Pregnancy: Consider ectopic pregnancy if a woman using Provera CI) may lose significant bone mineral density. Bone loss is Depo-Provera CI becomes pregnant or complains of severe abdominal greater with increasing duration of use and may not be completely pain. (5.4) reversible. (5.1) Anaphylaxis and Anaphylactoid Reactions: Provide emergency medical • It is unknown if use of Depo-Provera Contraceptive Injection during treatment. (5.5) adolescence or early adulthood, a critical period of bone accretion, Liver Function: Discontinue Depo-Provera CI if jaundice or will reduce peak bone mass and increase the risk for osteoporotic disturbances of liver function develop (5.6) Carbohydrate Metabolism: Monitor diabetic patients carefully. (5.11) fracture in later life. (5.1) • Depo-Provera Contraceptive Injection should not be used as a long- ----------------------------------ADVERSE REACTIONS--------------------------- term birth control method (i.e., longer than 2 years) unless other Most common adverse reactions (incidence >5%) are: menstrual irregularities birth control methods are considered inadequate. -
NSAIDS Use of Otcs Last Updated 07/10
Adopted: 6/98 Revised: 2/05, 7/10 NSAIDs—Use of Over-the-Counter Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs and Analgesics Over-the-counter (OTC) nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are used to control pain and inflammation in a variety of musculoskeletal conditions, including arthritis, low back pain and sports injuries. The main objective of this protocol is to review NSAIDs that are commonly used in clinical management of musculoskeletal conditions. Dosage, side effects, contraindications, and interactions with other medications are presented, as well as a strategy for decision-making. Although not an NSAID, the analgesic acetaminophen is also discussed. Because treatment with NSAIDs may mask or confuse the benefit of other therapies, it may be prudent to delay use of NSAIDs in some cases until the effectiveness of alternative therapy is determined. BACKGROUND Reducing Pain and Inflammation Limitations of Evidence Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are Scientific evidence from drug trials may not commonly employed in the pharmacological apply to everyone taking a particular drug. For management of pain and inflammation. These example, minority groups, children, the drugs work by inhibiting enzymes called elderly, and persons at increased risk of cyclooxygenase 1 and 2 (COX 1-2). The COX 1-2 adverse events are often deliberately excluded enzymes are responsible for the production of from trials. Furthermore, therapeutic benefits prostaglandins, hormone-like substances involved of drugs and adverse reactions are not in inflammation and pain (Prisk 2003). NSAIDs have measured using comparable scales. Finally, been routinely used for the initial onset, drugs tend to be used for a wider range of continued relief, and re-injury or exacerbations of indications than those for which they are musculoskeletal pain. -
Black Box Warnings 2
First Quarter 2014 P&T Update Vol. XI, Issue 1 Formulary Addition/Deletion Special Points of 1. Argatroban - Argatroban is a selective and short-acting direct thrombin inhibitor FDA Interest: approved for the prophylaxis or treatment of thrombosis or venous thromboembolism in patients with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT), and of coronary artery • P&T Update-Formulary Addition/Deletion thrombosis during percutaneous coronary intervention in patients at risk of HIT. The formulary addition request was submitted by the Pharmacy Department with • Policy and Procedures/ endorsement from Cardiology and Hematology representatives. Floorstock Update Formulary addition – approved • Black Box Warnings 2. Argatroban dosing nomogram – approved • New Guidelines Released by 3. Dinoprostone 0.5mg gel (Prepidil®) – The Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Women’s Health Joint National Committee Department no longer use dinoprostone gel for cervical ripening. The request to (JNC) 8 for High Blood remove dinoprostone from the formulary was approved. Pressure Management in Formulary deletion – approved. Adults 4. Hydroxocobalamin (Cyanokit®) - Hydroxocobalamin is indicated for treating cyanide toxicity. The UH ED department recommended adding hydroxocobalamin to the formulary in place of Cyanide antidote kit. The committee voted to approve the formulary addition of hydroxocobalamin. A mini-FMEA on hydroxocobalamin was also submitted. Formulary addition – approved 5. Cyanide antidote kit (Sodium Nitrate + Amyl Nitrate + Sodium Thiosulfate) - Cyanide antidote kit has been manufacturer discontinued. The committee voted to delete this product from the formulary. Formulary deletion – approved 6. Pertuzumab (Perjeta®) – Pertuzumab is a monoclonal antibody approved by the FDA to use in combination with trastuzumab and docetaxel as first-line therapy for HER2- positive metastatic breast cancer. -
Zestril® (Lisinopril) Tablets Label
HIGHLIGHTS OF PRESCRIBING INFORMATION • Hypersensitivity (4) These highlights do not include all the information needed to use • Co-administration of aliskiren with Zestril in patients with diabetes (4, ZESTRIL safely and effectively. See full prescribing information for 7.4) ZESTRIL ----------------------- WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS --------------------- Zestril® (lisinopril) tablets, for oral use Initial U.S. Approval: 1988 • Angioedema: Discontinue Zestril, provide appropriate therapy and monitor until resolved (5.2) WARNING: FETAL TOXICITY • Renal impairment: Monitor renal function periodically (5.3) See full prescribing information for complete boxed warning. • Hypotension: Patients with other heart or renal diseases have increased • When pregnancy is detected, discontinue Zestril as soon as possible. risk, monitor blood pressure after initiation (5.4) (5.1) • Hyperkalemia: Monitor serum potassium periodically (5.5) • Drugs that act directly on the rennin-angiotensin system can cause • injury and death to the developing fetus. (5.1) Cholestatic jaundice and hepatic failure: Monitor for jaundice or signs of liver failure (5.6) ------------------------------ ADVERSE REACTIONS ---------------------------- --------------------------- INDICATIONS AND USAGE -------------------------- Common adverse reactions (events 2% greater than placebo) by use: Zestril is an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor indicated for: • Hypertension: headache, dizziness and cough (6.1) • Treatment of hypertension in adults and pediatric patients 6 years of age • Heart Failure: hypotension and chest pain (6.1) and older (1.1) • Acute Myocardial Infarction: hypotension (6.1) • Adjunct therapy for heart failure (1.2) To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact AstraZeneca • Treatment of Acute Myocardial Infarction (1.3) Pharmaceuticals LP at 1-800-236-9933 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or ---------------------- DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION --------------------- www.fda.gov/medwatch. -
BLACK-BOX WARNINGS: How They Can Improve Your Clinical Practice a Better Understanding of These Warnings Leads to Safer, More Effective Prescribing
BLACK-BOX WARNINGS: How they can improve your clinical practice A better understanding of these warnings leads to safer, more effective prescribing Matthew A. Schreiber, MD, PhD ecently, the FDA issued “black-box” warnings, its most promi- Staff Psychiatrist 1 Puget Sound VA Health Care System nent drug safety statements, for esketamine, which is indicated Seattle, Washington for treatment-resistant depression, and the Z-drugs, which are Assistant Professor R 2 indicated for insomnia (Table 1, page 20). A black-box warning also Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences University of Washington School of Medicine comes with brexanolone, which was recently approved for postpar- Seattle, Washington tum depression.3 While these newly issued warnings serve as a timely Michelle Wiese, MD, MPH reminder of the importance of black-box warnings, older black-box PGY-3 Psychiatry Resident warnings also cover large areas of psychiatric prescribing, including all University of Washington School of Medicine Seattle, Washington medications indicated for treating psychosis or schizophrenia (increased mortality in patients with dementia), and all psychotropic medications Disclosures The authors report no financial relationships with any with a depression indication (suicidality in younger people). company whose products are mentioned in this article, or with In this article, we help busy prescribers navigate the landscape manufacturers of competing products. The views expressed are of black-box warnings by providing a concise review of how to use those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy of the Department of Veterans Affairs or the US Government. them in clinical practice, and where to find information to keep up-to-date.