Copyright by Bonny Kathleen Winston 2003
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Copyright by Bonny Kathleen Winston 2003 The Development of a Multimedia Web Database for the Selection of 20th Century Intermediate Piano Repertoire by Bonny Kathleen Winston, B.M., M.M. Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Texas at Austin in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Musical Arts The University of Texas at Austin May, 2003 Dedication This dissertation would not have been completed without all of the love and support from professors, family, and friends. To all of my dissertation committee for their support and help, especially John Geringer for his endless patience, Betty Mallard for her constant inspiration, and Martha Hilley for her underlying encouragement in all that I have done. A special thanks to my family, who have been the backbone of my music growth from childhood. To my parents, who have provided unwavering support, and to my five brothers, who endured countless hours of before-school practice time when the piano was still in the living room. Finally, a special thanks to my hall-mate friends in the school of music for helping me celebrate each milestone of this research project with laughter and encouragement and for showing me that graduate school really can make one climb the walls in MBE. The Development of a Multimedia Web Database for the Selection of 20th Century Intermediate Piano Repertoire Publication No. ________________ Bonny Kathleen Winston, D.M.A. The University of Texas at Austin, 2003 Supervisor: John M. Geringer The purpose of this dissertation was to create an on-line database for intermediate piano repertoire selection. After preliminary reviews of existing written annotated indexes and reviews of online databases, I decided to create an Internet database for 20th century intermediate piano literature. One hundred and fifty-four pieces from early-intermediate level to advanced-intermediate level were chosen for inclusion in the database. All pieces selected met at least one of three criteria: emphasis on a specific technical skill, emphasis on a specific form or style found in the more advanced literature (for example, pieces that can be used as lead-in pieces to common forms such as a baroque dance suite), or emphasis on a specific 20th century compositional technique. The pieces were individually analyzed and categorized into twenty-one data fields. Leveling guidelines were created for early-intermediate, intermediate, and v late-intermediate repertoire. Copyright permission was obtained from individual publishing houses. Audio recording of the pieces used in the database was done on a Roland KR-577® keyboard and the MIDI files were compressed into MP3 format through Digidesign ProTools 5.1®. Visual representation of the pieces were scanned and saved as GIF files through Adobe Photoshop 6.0®. The database was designed using PHP as the programming language with MySQL as the data management system. The interface of the Website was designed using Macromedia Dreamweaver 4.0®, and graphical components were designed using Macromedia Fireworks 4.0®. Entry of the data into the database was done through a secure Internet Web page designed for this project. The data from the database can be viewed and accessed online by any user with an Internet connection. After uploading the site and registering a URL address (www.pianorep.com), 48 members of MTNA completed an on-line user survey (14.55% response rate). Survey results indicated that the database was easy to use and valuable in selection of repertoire in individual lessons and in classroom settings. vi Table of Contents ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................ iv LIST OF TABLES .................................................................................................... x LIST OF FIGURES................................................................................................. xii CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION ........................................................................ 1 Introduction................................................................................................... 1 Need for the Database.................................................................................... 3 Purpose of the Project.................................................................................... 7 Definition of Terms ..................................................................................... 10 Procedure .................................................................................................... 13 Website Assessment .................................................................................... 15 Limitations of the Project............................................................................. 16 CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW OF LITERATURE..................................................... 17 Introduction................................................................................................. 17 The Intermediate Piano Student ................................................................... 18 Technical Skills of the Intermediate Student ................................................ 19 Choosing Repertoire for the Intermediate Student........................................ 23 Introduction ..................................................................................... 23 Technical Considerations in Repertoire Selection............................. 24 Indexes............................................................................................. 25 Presenting Leveling Guidelines.................................................................... 32 vii Scales and Passagework ................................................................... 33 Harmony and Texture ...................................................................... 34 Melody and Rhythm......................................................................... 35 Formal Structure, Phrasing, and Articulation.................................... 35 Dynamics, Pedaling, and Ornamentation.......................................... 36 Computer Databases and Repertoire Selection ............................................. 37 Databases and the Internet ........................................................................... 39 Twentieth-Century Repertoire for the Intermediate Student ......................... 42 Summary ..................................................................................................... 46 CHAPTER THREE: PRELIMINARY DATABASE DEVELOPMENT AND DESIGN ................................................................................................................. 48 Introduction................................................................................................. 48 Database Programming Using PHP and MySQL.......................................... 48 Web Page Development............................................................................... 52 Home Page....................................................................................... 53 Basic Search Page and Advanced Search Page ................................. 54 Glossary Page and Composer Page................................................... 57 Results Page..................................................................................... 58 Flowchart of the Web Site ........................................................................... 59 CHAPTER FOUR: ANALYSIS AND ENTRY OF REPERTOIRE......................... 61 Composer Selection..................................................................................... 61 viii Repertoire Selection for the Database .......................................................... 64 Copyright Permission .................................................................................. 79 Repertoire Analysis ..................................................................................... 79 Repertoire Leveling ..................................................................................... 82 Leveling Early-Intermediate Pieces.................................................. 83 Leveling Intermediate Pieces............................................................ 89 Leveling Late-Intermediate Pieces ................................................... 95 Visual Representation of the Repertoire..................................................... 103 Audio Representation of the Repertoire ..................................................... 104 Entry of the Repertoire into the Database................................................... 106 CHAPTER FIVE: SCREENSHOTS OF COMPLETED WEBSITE...................... 110 Description of the Project .......................................................................... 110 Web Page Design ...................................................................................... 110 Executing a Search with the Basic Search Page ......................................... 117 Executing a Search with the Advanced Search Page .................................. 121 CHAPTER SIX: WEBSITE ASSESSMENT AND DISCUSSION........................ 126 User Survey............................................................................................... 126 Open-Ended Survey Responses.................................................................. 136 Changes Made to the Website.................................................................... 140 Conclusion ...............................................................................................