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5. from Janapadas to Empire
MODULE - 1 Ancient India 5 Notes FROM JANAPADAS TO EMPIRE In the last chapter we studied how later Vedic people started agriculture in the Ganga basin and settled down in permanent villages. In this chapter, we will discuss how increased agricultural activity and settled life led to the rise of sixteen Mahajanapadas (large territorial states) in north India in sixth century BC. We will also examine the factors, which enabled Magadh one of these states to defeat all others to rise to the status of an empire later under the Mauryas. The Mauryan period was one of great economic and cultural progress. However, the Mauryan Empire collapsed within fifty years of the death of Ashoka. We will analyse the factors responsible for this decline. This period (6th century BC) is also known for the rise of many new religions like Buddhism and Jainism. We will be looking at the factors responsible for the emer- gence of these religions and also inform you about their main doctrines. OBJECTIVES After studying this lesson, you will be able to explain the material and social factors (e.g. growth of agriculture and new social classes), which became the basis for the rise of Mahajanapada and the new religions in the sixth century BC; analyse the doctrine, patronage, spread and impact of Buddhism and Jainism; trace the growth of Indian polity from smaller states to empires and list the six- teen Mahajanapadas; examine the role of Ashoka in the consolidation of the empire through his policy of Dhamma; recognise the main features– administration, economy, society and art under the Mauryas and Identify the causes of the decline of the Mauryan empire. -
Devaluating the Nandas -A Big Loss to the History of India
IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science (IOSR-JHSS) Volume 21, Issue 9, Ver. 8 (Sep. 2016) PP 17-20 e-ISSN: 2279-0837, p-ISSN: 2279-0845. www.iosrjournals.org Devaluating The Nandas -A Big Loss To The History Of India SANJAY CHAUDHARI Department Of History,Culture And Archaeology, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Avadh University, Faizabad, Uttar Pradesh, India Abstract: Indian historians could be blamed for having hostile attitude towards the Nandas. Though Nandas established the first ever empire, covering almost area of present India, they were never recognized for the same. Almost Indian historians neglected their acheivements and have tried to reduce the span of their rule. The Nandas have been referred by distant people of ancient Iran and the classical writers of the Greece. Their strength has been narrated by the scholars who accompanied Alexander in India. Interesting to state that no evidences are available which could confirm the war, that took place between the last Nanda and Chandragupta. Even though the historians narrated the event stating it as a revolution by the people which ousted the last Nanda king. There are few Sanskrit chronicles which connected Chandragupta to Nanda King. These chronicles have stated that Chandragupta was the legitimate son of the last Nanda king. But Indian historians tried their best to present Buddhist evidences which state Chandragupta a resident of Pippalvana and related to Nandas any way. To devaluate the Nandas has created a big historical loss to our ancient history. The whole period from Indus valley civilization to the establishment of sixteen Mahajanapadas is still in the dark. -
Component-I (A) – Personal Details
Component-I (A) – Personal details: Component-I (B) – Description of module: Subject Name Indian Culture Paper Name Outlines of Indian History Module Name/Title Mahajanapadas- Rise of Magadha – Nandas – Invasion of Alexander Module Id I C/ OIH/ 08 Pre requisites Early History of India Objectives To study the Political institutions of Ancient India from earliest to 3rd Century BCE. Mahajanapadas , Rise of Magadha under the Haryanka, Sisunaga Dynasties, Nanda Dynasty, Persian Invasions, Alexander’s Invasion of India and its Effects Keywords Janapadas, Magadha, Haryanka, Sisunaga, Nanda, Alexander E-text (Quadrant-I) 1. Sources Political and cultural history of the period from C 600 to 300 BCE is known for the first time by a possibility of comparing evidence from different kinds of literary sources. Buddhist and Jaina texts form an authentic source of the political history of ancient India. The first four books of Sutta pitaka -- the Digha, Majjhima, Samyutta and Anguttara nikayas -- and the entire Vinaya pitaka were composed between the 5th and 3rd centuries BCE. The Sutta nipata also belongs to this period. The Jaina texts Bhagavati sutra and Parisisthaparvan represent the tradition that can be used as historical source material for this period. The Puranas also provide useful information on dynastic history. A comparison of Buddhist, Puranic and Jaina texts on the details of dynastic history reveals more disagreement. This may be due to the fact that they were compiled at different times. Apart from indigenous literary sources, there are number of Greek and Latin narratives of Alexander’s military achievements. They describe the political situation prevailing in northwest on the eve of Alexander’s invasion. -
Magadha-Empire
Rise & Growth of Magadha Empire [Ancient Indian History Notes for UPSC] The Magadha Empire encompasses the rule of three dynasties over time - Haryanka Dynasty, Shishunaga Dynasty, and Nanda Dynasty. The timeline of the Magadha Empire is estimated to be from 684 BCE to 320 BCE. Read about the topic, 'Rise and Growth of the Magadha Empire,' in this article; which is important for the IAS Exam (Prelims - Ancient History and Mains - GS I & Optional). Rise of Magadha Notes for UPSC Exam The four Mahajanapadas - Magadha, Kosala, Avanti and Vatsa were vying for supremacy from the 6th century BCE to the 4th century BCE. Finally, Magadha emerged victorious and was able to gain sovereignty. It became the most powerful state in ancient India. Magadha is situated in modern Bihar. Jarasandha, who was a descendant of Brihadratha, founded the empire in Magadha. Both are talked about in the Mahabharata. Read about the 16 Mahajanapadas in the linked article. Magadha Empire - Haryanka Dynasty The first important and powerful dynasty in Magadha was the Haryanka dynasty. Bimbisara (558 BC – 491 BC) • Son of Bhattiya. • According to Buddhist chronicles, Bimbisara ruled for 52 years (544 BCE - 492 BCE). • Contemporary and follower of the Buddha. Was also said to be an admirer of Mahavira, who was also his contemporary. • Had his capital at Girivraja/Rajagriha (Rajgir). o It was surrounded by 5 hills, the openings of which were closed by stone walls on all sides. This made Rajagriha impregnable. • Also known as Sreniya. • Was the first king to have a standing army. Magadha came into prominence under his leadership. -
Alfa Electronic Services
PRODUCTS DEVELOPED BY US: EMBEDDED SYSTEMS : CAPABILITIES: • 64 Bit Micro Processors, Micro-controllers, DSPs, POWER PC, Peripheral Controllers • FPGAs, CPLD, EPLD, ASIC developments • Analog & Mixed Signal • ISA,BISA,CPCI,PMC, PCMCIA,VME,USB, PC104+, PCI-X DIFM PROCESSOR CARD • Military & Space grade PCB design and fabrication • Engineering & Ruggedization to meet various standards like MIL-STD- 810F,MIL-STD-461C,MIL-STD-704D, MIL- STD-2167A, MIL-STD-217E,MIL-PRF-55110F • MIL-STD-1553B, ARINC-429,ARINC-629, RS-485, RS- 422, RS-232 & Ethernet Protocols • Experienced in designing the boards which qualify for Group A, Group B certification done by third party source in Israel. cPCI Based Computing System • Experience in low, medium and high complexity designs. • In house board and software development teams for building validation boards and test software. • Well established and proven design methodologies & review processes. • Long term support contract for product maintenance and enhancements. Integrated Instrumentation & Communication System 448 CHANNEL DAQ SYSTEM Dual Channel Rotary Electro DOA PROCESSOR CARD Mechanical Actuator Controller Card Indigenised BIUS module PRODUCTS INDIGENISED BY US: ELECTRONIC CALIBRATOR (K) UNIT FOR INS KALINGA INDIGENISATION CAPABILITIES: • We can execute indigenization using latest technology in coordination with our embedded division. • Capable of design, develop and manufacture of electronic systems of embedded/analog/ digital/power electronic nature on turnkey basis conforming to Mil./ Industrial standards. SOFTWARE CONTROLLED AFR FOR SUBMARINES • Handled by a team of hardware and software engineers having enough experience in embedded systems, analog & digital circuits. • We have a well equipped laboratory to handle such development jobs. Also complete assembling shop floor with antistatic requirements. -
Unit Magadhan Territorial Expansion
UNIT MAGADHAN TERRITORIAL EXPANSION Structure 18.0 Objectives 18.1 Introduction 18.2 Location of Magadha 18.3 Note on Sources 18.4 Political History of Pre-Mauryan Magadha 18.5 Notion of 'Empire' 18.5.1 Modern views on definition of 'Empire' 18.5.2 Indian notion of ~hakravarti-~setra 18.6 Origin of Mauryan rule 18.7 Asoka Maurya 18.7.1 The Kalinga War 18.7.;' Magadha at Asoka's death 18.8 Let US Sum Up 18.9 Key Words 18.10 Answers To Check Your Progress Exercises 18.0 OBJECTIVES In this Unit we shall outline the territorial expansion of the kingdom of Magadha. This will provide an understanding of how and why it was possible for Magadha to ,. becolne an 'empire'. After reading this Unit you should be able to: 0. identify the location of Magadha and its environs and note its strategic importance. learn about some of the sources that historians use for writing on this period, have a brief idea of the political history of Magadha during the two centuries preceding Mauryan rule. underst d the notion of 'empire' in the context of early periods of history, trac/;I the chief events leading to the establishment of Mauryan rule, learn about the early Mauryan kings - Chandragupta and Bindusara - and their expansionist activities, explain the context of the accession and coronation of Asoka Maurya and the importance of the Kalinga War, and finally, identify the boundaries of the Magadhan 'empire' at the death of Ashoka. 18.1 INTRODUCTION In Unit 15 you were introduced to the various Janapadas and Mahajanapadas that are known to us from primarily early Buddhist and Jaina texts. -
Ref. No. Ref.Letter Date Dak Srl.No. Date of Receipt
Personnel No. Ref. No. Dak Srl.No. Amount Claimed/ Amount Passed/ Memo type/Vr.no Status Name Ref.letter Date Date of receipt Amount disallowed Processing Date Memo No/Dp.no 03227H 409/03227-H 0011136/1718 76774.00 76774.00 DM Y SRINIVAS 08/06/2017 09/06/2017 09/06/2017 1261 03227H 409/03227-H 0011137/1718 37750.00 37750.00 CM Y SRINIVAS 07/06/2017 09/06/2017 09/06/2017 3302 03757N 409/03757N 0011102/1718 17262.00 P CHHABRA 06/06/2017 09/06/2017 0 04415H SECT/04415-H 0011085/1718 10534.00 P MOHAN HAPPY 29/05/2017 09/06/2017 0 05135W 404/311/02 0011209/1718 29444.00 P K VIVEK 07/06/2017 09/06/2017 0 05135W 404/311/02 0011210/1718 550.00 P K VIVEK 07/06/2017 09/06/2017 0 05135W 404/311/02 0011211/1718 11323.00 P K VIVEK 07/06/2017 09/06/2017 0 05135W 404/311/02 0011213/1718 10711.00 P K VIVEK 01/06/2017 09/06/2017 0 05135W 404/311/02 0011214/1718 42552.00 P K VIVEK 01/06/2017 09/06/2017 0 156176Y 409/7B/2 0011226/1718 38392.00 38233.00 CM Y JEEVARATHINA 20/02/2017 09/06/2017 09/06/2017 3311 220693A 408 0011254/1718 25945.00 P RAJESH KUMAR 06/06/2017 09/06/2017 0 220720N 408 0011255/1718 38781.00 P VARINDER 06/06/2017 09/06/2017 0 220999Y 403/22/1A 0011128/1718 30168.00 30168.00 CM Y AJAY KUMAR 26/08/2016 09/06/2017 09/06/2017 3300 227274H 403 0011083/1718 17703.00 P SURESH KUMAR15/03/2017 09/06/2017 0 228052A 409/05/228052A 0011149/1718 17555.00 P RAJEEV KUMAR 22/05/2017 09/06/2017 0 234489F 409/05/234489F 0011148/1718 16865.00 P SUMANPREET 21/05/2017 09/06/2017 0 88605Z 409/4 0011145/1718 610.00 P SHAIK 03/06/2017 09/06/2017 0 N110090322271* VA/0057/OFFICE 0011181/1718 18000.00 18000.00 1034 Y UMESH SINGH 09/06/2017 09/06/2017 09/06/2017 4 N1555706* SAE/0312/CGO/T 0011212/1718 32604.00 P G 08/06/2017 09/06/2017 0 N1555703* VA/0057/OFFICE 0011180/1718 18000.00 18000.00 1033 Y I SRIKANTH 09/06/2017 09/06/2017 09/06/2017 4 Note : Status 'Y' -> Processing Complete. -
'Agneeprastha' to Be Set Up, 2 MW Solar Power Plant Inau
Top 10 Current Affairs of 31 May 2020 NATIONAL AFFAIRS Missile Park ‘Agneeprastha’ to be set up, 2 MW Solar Power Plant inaugurated at INS Kalinga The foundation stone for a Missile Park named ‘Agneeprastha’ was laid by Commodore Rajesh Debnath & a 2 MegaWatt(MW) solar photovoltaic plant was commissioned by Vice Admiral Atul Kumar Jain, Flag Officer Commanding-in-Chief, Eastern Naval Command(ENS) at INS Kalinga, Visakhapatnam.A 2MW plant was commissioned in line with the initiative of the Union government to promote solar power and an objective to achieve 100 GigaWatt(GW) of solar power by 2022 as part of the National Solar Mission. One Sun One World One Grid: India initiated talks on West to SE Asia solar grid The aim of One Sun One World One Grid’ (OSOWOG) is to provide solar power to nations which lack sunlight, by building a common transmission system. For the implementation of proposed OSOWOG, the MNRE has invited proposals from consulting firms for making a long-term OSOWOG road map, and identify two or three cross-border projects that can be initiated within one or two years. Piyush Goyal attends the Digital Summit on Exports organized by CII through video conference Union Minister for Commerce & Industry and Railways, Piyush Goyal participated in the Digital Summit on Exports organized by the Confederation of Indian Industry(CII) through a Video Conference. Export-Import(EXIM) Bank is the Institutional Partner for the Summit. Exports are likely to improve in May, with the contraction expected to be 30-35%, after outbound shipments crashed by a record 60% in April. -
Cadet's Hand Book (Navy)
1 CADET’S HAND BOOK (NAVY) SPECIALISED SUBJECT 2 Preface 1. National Cadet Corps (NCC), came into existence, on 15 July 1948 under an Act of Parliament. Over the years, NCC has spread its activities and values, across the length and breadth of the country; in schools and colleges, in almost all the districts of India. It has attracted millions of young boys and girls, to the very ethos espoused by its motto, “unity and discipline” and molded them into disciplined and responsible citizens of the country. NCC has attained an enviable brand value for itself, in the Young India’s mind space. 2. National Cadet Corps (NCC), aims at character building and leadership, in all walks of life and promotes the spirit of patriotism and National Integration amongst the youth of the country. Towards this end, it runs a multifaceted training; varied in content, style and processes, with added emphasis on practical training, outdoor training and training as a community. 3. With the dawn of Third Millennia, there have been rapid strides in technology, information, social and economic fields, bringing in a paradigm shift in learning field too; NCC being no exception. A need was felt to change with times. NCC has introduced its New Training Philosophy, catering to all the new changes and developments, taking place in the Indian Society. It has streamlined and completely overhauled its training philosophy, objectives, syllabus, methodology etc, thus making it in sync with times. Subjects like National Integration, Personality Development and Life Skills, Social Service and Community Development activities etc, have been given prominent thrust. -
Ancient History of Bihar
Ancient History of Bihar By- BPSC Notes http://bpscnotes.com The word ‘Bihar’ has originated from the ‘Viharas’ which means resting house of Buddhist monk but it was the Muslim rulers of 12th Century who started calling the state as ‘Bihar’. Advent of Aryans in Bihar 1. Aryans started moving towards Eastern India in the later Vedic period (1000-600 BC). 2. Satapatha Brahmana mentioned the arrival and spread of Aryans. 3. Varah Puran mentions that Kikat as inauspicious place and Gaya, Punpun and Rajgir as auspicious place. The Mahajanpada The Buddhist and Jaina literature mentioned that 6th century India was ruled by a number of small kingdoms or city states dominated by Magadha. By 500 BC witnesses the emergence of sixteen Monarchies and Republics known as the Mahajanapada. 1. Anga: Modern divisions of Bhagalpur and Munger in Bihar and also some parts of Sahibgunj and Godda districts of Jharkhand. 2. Magadha: Covering the divisions of Patna and Gaya with its earlier capital at Rajgriha or Girivraj. 3. Vajji: a confederacy of eight republican clans, situated to the north of river Ganges in Bihar, with its capital at Vaishali. 4. Malla : also a republican confederacy covering the modern districts of Deoria, Basti, Gorakhpur and Siddharth nagar in Eastern U.P. with two capitals at Kusinara and Pawa. 5. Kashi: covering the present area of Banaras with its capital at Varanasi. 6. Kosala: covering the present districts of Faizabad, Gonda, Bahraich etc. with its capital at Shravasti. 7. Vatsa: covering the modern districts of Allahabad and Mirzapur etc. with its capital at Kaushambi. -
5:00 PM Subject PGT-History (Male)
Participant ID Participant Name TELEGRAM LINK Test Date 10/07/2021 Test Time 2:00 PM - 5:00 PM Subject PGT-History (Male) Section : Mental Ability Q.1 Arrange the given words in the sequence in which they occur in the dictionary. 1. Please 2. Pleasure 3. Pleasant 4. Pleasing 5. Applause Ans 1. 53214 2. 53142 3. 54132 4. 51432 Question ID : 60092910457 Q.2 Out of the given options, three are similar in a certain manner. However, one option is NOT like the other three. Select the option which is different from the rest. Ans 1. PNK 2. IGD 3. MKH 4. TRN Question ID : 60092910458 Q.3 Choose the pair similar to the pair in the question figure. Ans 1. 2. 3. 4. Question ID : 60092910473 Q.4 In this question, a statement has been given followed by two conclusions numbered I and II. Assuming that all information in the statement is true, analyse the two conclusions together and determine whether any of them logically and definitely follow(s) from the information given in the statement. Statement: Many online education platforms have been set up in the past years. Conclusions: I. Children like to study in their homes where they have their comfort zone. II. Online education is flourishing these days. Ans 1. Only I follows 2. Neither I nor II follows 3. Only II follows 4. Both I and II follows Question ID : 60092910466 Q.5 Find the mirror image of the following figure where AB is the mirror. Ans 1. 2. 3. 4. Question ID : 60092910474 Q.6 Damodar is Rishav's brother. -
Mahajanapadas & Rise of Magadha Empire
Mahajanapadas & Rise of Magadha Empire The Buddhist literature Angutara Nikaya listed 16 great kingdoms or Mahajanapadas. The main reason for Janapadas ' formation was the use of Iron tools for agricultural and military purposes. Here is a map showing the 16 Mahajanpadas that existed at that time: The Mahajanpadas: 1. Magadha (Patna, Gaya and Nalanda districts) – The first capital was Rajagriha and the later capital was Pataliputra. 2. Anga and Vanga (Munger and Bhagalpur) – The capital was Champa. It was a prosperous business center. 3. Malla (Deoria, Basti, Gorakhpur region) – The capital was Kushinagar. It was the seat of many other smaller kingdoms. Their main religion was Buddhism. 4. Vatsa (Allahabad and Mirzapur) – The capital was Kaushambi. The most important ruler of this kingdom was King Udayan. 5. Kashi (Benaras) – The capital was Varanasi. Though many battles were fought against the Kosala kingdom, eventually Kashi was merged with the Kosala kingdom. 6. Kosala (Ayodhya) – Though its capital was Shravasti which is identical with Sahet-Mahet but Ayodhya was an important town in Kosala. Kosala also included the tribal Republican territory of Sakyas of Kapilvastu. 7. Vajji (Muzaffarpur and Vaishali) – Vajji was the seat of a united republic of eight smaller kingdoms of which Lichchavis, Janatriks, and Videhas were also members. 8. Kuru (Thaneswar, Meerut and present-day Delhi) – The capital city was Indraprastha. 9. Panchala (Western Uttar Pradesh) – Its capital was at Kampila. Earlier a monarch state, it later became an independent republic. Kannauj was an important town in this kingdom. 10. Matsya kingdom (Alwar, Bharatpur and Jaipur) – Its capital was Viratanagar.