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Hybrid Gangs and the Hyphy Movement: Crossing the Color Line in Sacramento County

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Hybrid Gangs and the Hyphy Movement: Crossing the Color Line in Sacramento County HYBRID GANGS AND THE HYPHY MOVEMENT: CROSSING THE COLOR LINE IN SACRAMENTO COUNTY Antoinette Noel Wood B.S., California State University, Sacramento, 2008 THESIS Submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE in CRIMINAL JUSTICE at CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY, SACRAMENTO SPRING 2011 © 2011 Antoinette Noel Wood ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii HYBRID GANGS AND THE HYPHY MOVEMENT: CROSSING THE COLOR LINE IN SACRAMENTO COUNTY A Thesis by Antoinette Noel Wood Approved by: __________________________________, Committee Chair Dimitri Bogazianos, Ph.D. __________________________________, Second Reader Dan Okada, Ph.D. ____________________________ Date iii Student: Antoinette Noel Wood I certify that this student has met the requirements for format contained in the University format manual, and that this thesis is suitable for shelving in the Library and credit is to be awarded for the thesis. __________________________, Graduate Coordinator ________________ Yvette Farmer, Ph.D. Date Division of Criminal Justice [Thesis Abstract Form] iv [Every thesis or project mustracts for some creative works such as in art or creative writing may vary somewhat, check with your Dept. Advisor.] Abstract of HYBRID GANGS AND THE HYPHY MOVMENT: CROSSING THE COLOR LINE IN SACRAMENTO COUNTY by Antoinette Noel Wood [Use of the next optional as long as te content is supplied.]three headings is Statement of Problem Crips and Bloods-traditional gangs whose mere names conjure up fearful images of violence and destruction-are no longer at the forefront of the gang reality in Sacramento. Instead, influenced by the Bay Area-based rap music subculture of Hyphy, gangs calling themselves "Families," "Mobbs," and "Camps" are believed to be creating a new, hybridized gang culture. Sources of Data Employing grounded theory methods of qualitative data analysis, this paper examines four key areas in which this Hyphy-gang relationship is being portrayed: media created by people within the Hyphy movement; news sources covering Hyphy; trial transcripts that focus on offenders and victims who are believed to be involved in the Hyphy movement and gang culture; and police v reports and media releases concerning this relationship. Ultimately, I am concerned with addressing one key question: How new is this "new" reality? Conclusions Reached The data clearly demonstrates that the three themes examined; acts of retaliation for disrespect, snitching, and remembering the dead, are handled the same way by the three types of African American gangs that Sacramento County has. _______________________, Committee Chair Dimitri Bogazianos, Ph.D. _______________________ Date vi ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank the Sacramento County Probation Gang Suppression Unit for everything I learned during my internship, and their continued support. I would like to especially thank Scot Wilson for assisting me in achieving my goals, and Ray Lozada and Marc Marquez for giving me the idea for this thesis. I would like to thank Dr. Dimitri Bogazianos for all of the information he gave me, and his tireless efforts to help me finish this daunting task. I would also like to thank Dr. Daniel Okada for all of the editing assistance, and the information he gave me. I would like to thank Daniel Funderburg and Majorie Darrow for working with me. Thank you Daniel for the great maps, and thank you Majorie for the drawings. I would also like to thank Robert Laurence Newman for saving me at the last minute. vii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Acknowledgments ....................................................................................................................... vii List of Illustrations......................................................................................................................... x List of Maps .................................................................................................................................. xi INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................... 1 Chapter 1. NEW YORK, HIP HOP AND DAYS PAST .......................................................................... 7 Backdrop to Hip-Hop ...................................................................................................... 7 2. LOS ANGELES , POLICING AND CULTURE CLASHES .............................................. 16 LAPD: The History of Hatred ....................................................................................... 16 3. LOS ANGELES GANG HISTORY .................................................................................... 25 Gangs in History ................................................................................................................. 25 Stanley “Tookie” Williams ................................................................................................. 27 Crack Cocaine’s Contributions........................................................................................... 32 4. GANGSTER RAP .................................................................................................................. 35 Tupac Shakur ....................................................................................................................... 36 Suge Knight.......................................................................................................................... 42 5. MAC DRE AND THE ROMPER ROOM GANG................................................................ 62 Andre “Mac Dre” Hicks ..................................................................................................... 63 Mac Dre and the Hyphy Movement ................................................................................... 70 6. THE MOVE TO SACRAMENTO......................................................................................... 77 Gangs in Sacramento........................................................................................................... 77 Hybrid Gangs of Sacramento.............................................................................................. 82 Hyphy Influenced Gangs..................................................................................................... 86 Hip-Hop and Gangs in Sacramento.................................................................................... 88 7. THREE KEY CONCEPTS .................................................................................................... 94 viii Acts of Retaliation for Disrespect ...................................................................................... 95 Snitching ........................................................................................................................... 106 Remembering the Dead..................................................................................................... 114 Conclusion ......................................................................................................................... 126 Appendix A. African American Gang Migration .................................................................... 129 Appendix B. South Sacramento African American Gang History ........................................ 137 Appendix C. North Sacramento African American Gang History ........................................ 160 Appendix D. Case Summaries ................................................................................................ 172 Bibliography .............................................................................................................................. 338 ix LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Page 1. Illustration 1 Garden Block Crips/21st Street Crips............................................................. 139 2. Illustration 2 29th Street Crips/24th Street Crips................................................................... 140 3. Illustration 3 G-Mobb/Killa Ho Camp ................................................................................. 143 4. Illustration 4 Lavish D/ Stick Up Starz ................................................................................ 147 5. Illustration 5 Guttah Boiz...................................................................................................... 149 6. Illustration 6 Oak Park Bloods/Fourth Avenue Bloods ...................................................... 151 7. Illustration 7 Ridezilla/Valley Hi Piru.................................................................................. 153 8. Illustration 8 Gunz Up/Starz Down...................................................................................... 156 9. Illustration 9 North Highlands Gangster Crips/Monk Mob................................................ 162 10. Illustration 10 Del Paso Heights/ Beast Mob/Trigga Mob ............................................... 165 x LIST OF MAPS Page 1. Map 1 Cities of Sacramento County .................................................................................... 129 2. Map 2 South Sacramento Territories.................................................................................... 137 3. Map 3 North Sacramento Territories.................................................................................... 160 xi 1 INTRODUCTION Purpose of the Study On June 11, 2006, in downtown Sacramento, California, Miguel Soto- Enriquez, a Fourth Avenue Blood (FAB) and Hot Boys gang member, and several of his fellow gang members, including Bryant Clark and Donta
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