Index

Page numbers in bold indicate references in figures.

A Abducent nerve (VI) 521, 524, 528, Acetabulum 122, 243, 246, 247, Alar 550–551, 554, 560, 611, 615 247–250, 749 – canal 79 Abaxial 26 Abductor muscle/s 47 Acetylcholinase 65 – cartilages 398,402 – – 202 collateral ligament 200 201, , – of thigh 288, 292 Acetylcholine 44, 64–65, 581 –– ossification 730 204 Ablatio retinae 697 Achilles tendon 296–297, 302 – fold 402 – digital Abnormal behaviour 699 Acinous glands 67 – foramen 110, 115, 129–130, 626 –– 667 artery 665, Abomasal velum 361 Acoustic – ligament 130 –– 668 nerves Abomasopexy 715 – area 536 , 556 – notch 110 –– 667 veins Abomasum 360, 362, 366, 367, 378, – organs 524 Albino animals 697 – dorsal proper artery of fourth 720–721 – radiation 536 Albugineous tunic 660 digit 657, – blood supply 369 Acquired reflexes 63 – of penis 443, 446 – palmar – displacement 367, 715 Acrocoracohumeral ligament 750 – of testis 433 –– digital veins 665 – perigastric ring of arteries 370 Acromion 171, 173–174, 190 Albumen (egg white) 766 –– ligament of proximal interphalan- – projection onto lateral body wall 743 – fracture 727 Alpha cells 596 202 geal joint Absolute dullness 746 Acropodium 181, 244,259 Alular –– proper artery 727 Absorption of substances 67 ACTH (adrenocorticotropic – digit 748 –– proper artery of fourth digit Accessory hormone) 36, 588 – remiges 778, 778 660 657, – axillary lymph node 505, 507 Actin filaments 44 Alveolar –– proper nerve 727 – carpal bone 173, 182, 182–183,184, Adamantine 339 – border of mandible 90, 92 –– proper vein 727 185, 196–199, 311 Adamantoblasts 339 – branch – part of hoof 661 –– fractures 206 ADC-maps 801 –– of inferior alveolar nerve 554 – 201 proximal sesamoid bones – carpal joints 195 Adductor muscle/s 47 –– of infraorbital nerve 552, 553 Abdomen 704 – carpal ligament 199 – of thigh 166,292,295 – canal of mandible 91 – computed tomography (CT) 795 – carpoulnar ligament 199 Adenohypophysis 524, 538, 587, – ducts 413, 418 – lymph nodes 507 – cephalic vein 495, 496, 668, 724, 588–589 – glands 67 – magnetic resonance imaging 799 728–729 Aditus – margin of maxilla 88, 96 – 356 transverse section – check ligament 237 – laryngis 348, 408 – process – 791–792 ultrasonogram – genital glands 439, 441–442, 444 – oesophageus 348 –– of incisive bone 88 Abdominal –– examination 718 Adnexa –– of maxilla 88, 96, 108, 337 – 752 – air sac ,760 761 – gluteal muscle 286, 730 – of eye 608 – sacs 413, 418 – 470 492 aorta , 483, 488, – groove of rumen 362 – of female genital organs 467 Alveolus(-i) –– aneurysm 719 – head of triceps muscle 222, 227 Adrenal – dentales 88, 90, 336–337 –– – 493 branches 489 490, – hoof 652 – cortex 594, 595 – of mammary gland 643 – 320 324 369 cavity 69, 315, 319, , , , – ligament 726 – glands 393,593,594–595, 764, – pulmonis 413, 418 721 704, –– desmotomy 730 772, 773 Ambiguous nucleus 692 –– – examination 717 718 –– of deep digital flexor muscle –– ultrasonogram 791 Amphiarthroses 40 –– 320 intrathoracic part 319, 232, 306 – hilus 594 Ampulla –– 320 magnetic resonance imaging , –– of femur 267, 269 – medulla 594, 594, 595 – coli 377, 380–381, 382 3234 –32 796–798 , –– of fourth carpal bone 196, 199 Adrenaline 481, 595–596, 603, 645 – of deferent duct 434, 436, –– projection of organs onto lateral – lobe of lung 414, 416, 416 Adrenergic receptors 65 441 742 body wall 740, , 743 – metacarpal ligament 196, 199 Adrenocorticotropic hormone – of uterine tube 462 –– retroperitoneal muscles, organs, – nasal cartilage 398 (ACTH) 36, 588 – tubae uterinae 459 325 vessels and nerves – nerve (XI) 521, 524, 527–528, 550, Adventitia of oesophagus 352, 352 Ampullary –– 720 topography 557–558, 559–560, 693, 700 Adventitiectomy 678 – crest 629 – cryptorchidism 715 –– neurectomy 152 Afferent – gland 439 – hernia 714 – pancreatic duct 392–393, 394–395 – lymph vessels 501, 502 Ampulliform segment of deferent – 284–285 muscles 163, – pillar 363 – nerve fibres 59, 63 duct 765 –– functions 163 – process 110, 110, 120–121 – neurons 519 Amputation –– 284 superficial muscles – superficial – pathways of sensory organs 533 – of horn 681 – 374–375 378 708–713 organs 351, , , –– cervicoauricular muscle 144 – visceral pathways 538 – of metacarpal bones 749 – 458 462 ostium of uterine tube , 459, –– scutuloauricular muscle 146 Air – of tip of wing 749 – paracentesis 71 – tendon of semitendinous – capillaries 747, 760 Amygdaloid body 527, 528, 530–532, – part muscle 302–303 – cells of egg 766, 769 538 –– 140–141 of cutaneous muscle 138, – thyroid glands 589 – flow in avian respiratory system 762 Anaesthesia of penis and prepuce –– of sympathetic trunk 583 – ulnar ligament 199 – pipes 760 716 –– of ureter 425 Accommodation 602 – sacs 747, 751, 760, 762 Anagenetic stage of hair 639 –– 585 of vagus nerve Acetabular –– computed tomography (CT) 794 Anal – tunic 137 – bone 247 Ala(-ae) – canal 383, 384 – vagus nerve 559 – branch of ilium 243 – atlantis 110, 130 – region 733–734 – 69 wall , 705, 708 – fossa 248, 249 – ossis – sacs 384 –– 164 166 muscles 163, , , 167 – labrum 248 –– basisphenoidalis 78 –– abscess 384 –– regions 708 – lip 267 –– ilii 243 Anatomical templates, digital –– segmental arteries/veins 705 – notch 248, 249 –– presphenoidalis 78 3-D reconstructions 779 Abdominocentesis 71 – rim 267 –– sacri 122 Anatomy 24 –– sphenoidalis 78

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Anconeal Antrum pyloricum 353 – locomotorius 27 –– femoris lateralis 490 – groove 703 Anular – respiratorius 315 –– femoris medialis 490 – process 178–179, 181, 193 – cartilage 620, 620 – suspensorius mammarius 137 –– humeri cranialis/caudalis 485 –– non-union 206 – ligament – urogenitalis 419 –– ilium profunda 490 –– separation 730 –– of fetlock joint 204, 232, 235–237 Aqueduct of mesencephalon 523, 527, –– scapulae 485 – tuber 192 –– of radius 193 541, 543 – coeliaca 372, 388, 489 Anconeus muscle 194,222–223, 224, –– of stapes 622 Aqueous humour 599, 608 – colica 226, 724 – mucosal boundary 348 Arachnoid membrane 539–540, 542 –– dorsalis 373 Androgens 596 – palmar ligament 236 Arachnoidal –– ventralis 373 Angiography 791 Anulus(-i) – granulations 540 –– dextra 373, 490 Angiology (angiologia) 52, 482 – fibrosi of heart 473 – villi 540 –– media 372, 490 Angiotensin I 419 – inguinalis Arachnoidea 540 –– sinistra 373, 490 Angiotensinogen 419 –– profundus 165 Arbor – collateralis radialis/ulnaris 485 Angiothelium 53,54 –– superficialis 164–165 – bronchialis 413 – cornuales 681 Angle – pancreatis 391 – vitae 522 – coronaria dextra/sinistra 477 – of mandible 91, 92, 98 – sclerae 599 Archaeopteryx 747 – costoabdominalis 489 – of rib 126 – tympanicus 80, 620 Archicerebellum 522 – cremasterica 490 – of sole 671 – umbilicalis 163 Archipallium 525, 528 – digitalis Angular – vaginalis 718 Arcuate –– dorsalis propria IV abaxialis/ – artery of eye 488, 692 Anus 467 – arteries of kidney 423 axialis 657 – artery of orbit 486 Anvil 622 – line of ilium 243 –– palmaris communis II 485 – cusp of tricuspid valve 478 Aorta 53, 471, 475, 484, 706 Arcus –– palmaris propria IV abaxialis/ – notch of stomach 353, 356 – abdominalis 483, 488 – alveolaris mandibulae 90 axialis 657 – process of mandible 91, 92, 96–97 – ascendens 483, 769 – aortae 483 –– plantaris lateralis/medialis 490 – vein of eye 692 – descendens 483, 769 – costalis 125 – dorsalis Angulus(-i) – thoracica 483 – hemalis 125 –– nasi 486 – arcuum costalium 125 Aortic – ischiadicus 247, 321 –– pedis 490 – caudalis scapulae 171 – arch 483, 596 – lumbocostalis 162 –– penis 491 – costae 127 – body 596 – palatopharyngeus 328 – epigastrica – cranialis scapulae 171 – bulb 476 – terminalis 496, 665, 675 –– caudalis 490 – mandibulae 91 – hiatus 69, 162, 319, 488, 495, 500, – umbocostalis 69 –– cranialis 483 – mentalis 90, 103 509 – veli palatini 347 – ethmoidalis 487 – oculi temporalis et nasalis 612 – orifice 476 – vertebrae 110 – facialis 486 – ventralis scapulae 171 – sinuses 476 – zygomaticus 85, 95 – femoralis 490 Anisodactyly 751 – valve 476, 476, 478 Area – gastrica(-ae) Anocutaneous line 384 –– heart sound 482 – acustica 523 –– breves 358 Anorectal Apertura – centralis striaeformis retinae 606 –– dextra/sinistra 358, 489 – line 384 – auris externa 775 – cribrosa – gastroduodenalis dextra 489 – lymph nodes 372, 508, 509 – conchomaxillaris 108, 404 –– papillae renalis 422 – gastroepiploica dextra/sinistra Ansa – frontomaxillaris 108, 405 –– retinae 606 358, 489 – axillaris 564, 569 – nasomaxillaris 108, 404 – intercondylaris centralis 258 – genus 490 – cervicalis 558, 562, 701 – pelvis – motorica 530 –– media 490 – distalis coli 383 –– caudalis 249, 321 – optica 530 – glutea cranialis/caudalis 491 – duodeni 756 –– cranialis 321 – sensoria contralateralis 530 – hepatica 358, 388, 489 – nephroni 422 – thoracis Arm 171 – ilei 490 – proximalis coli 383 –– caudalis 74, 315 Arrector muscle of hair 638, 638, 641 – ileocolica 372, 490 – spiralis 383 –– cranialis 74, 315–316 Arteria(-ae) 55 – iliaca – subclavia 584 Apex – alveolaris inferior 487 –– externa 490 Antagonists 47 – auriculae 619, 620 – angularis oculi 486 –– interna 490–491 Antebrachial – cordis 473, 474, 477 – arcuatae 423 – iliolumbalis 491 – fascia 211 – of caecum 379 – auricularis caudalis/rostralis 487 – infraorbitalis 487 – region 723 – of heart 476 – axillaris 483, 485 – intercostalis(-es) Antebrachiocarpal joint 182, 195, 726 – of heart beat 746 – bicipitalis 485 –– dorsales 488 Antebrachium – of lingua 329 – brachialis 485 –– suprema 483 – cutaneous branches 566–567 – of nose 399 – broncho-oesophagea 489 – interdigitales 665 – muscles 226–227 – of tongue 329, 330–331, 754 – buccalis 487 – interlobulares 423 Anterior – ossis sacri 122 – bulbi vestibuli 491 – interossea communis 485 – chamber 598, 598–600, 607, 609, – tori 663, 664 – caecales 373, 490 – jejunales 372, 490 774 Apical 26 – carotis, communis 137, 410 – labialis inferior/superior 486 – ciliary arteries 615 – dilatator muscle of nostril 142, 143, – caudales femoris 490 – lacrimalis 487 – epithelium of cornea 599, 601 144 – cerebelli caudalis/rostralis 545 – laryngea cranialis 486 – limiting lamina 599 – foramen of tooth 336 – cerebri caudalis, media et rostra- – lienalis (splenica) 358, 489, 514 – lobe of pituitary gland 587 Apocrine sweat glands 641 lis 545 – lingualis 486 – pole of eyeball 597, 597 Aponeurosis of muscles 44 – cervicalis – lumbales 489 Antevestibular recess 775 Apophysis 29 –– profunda 483 – malaris 487 Anthelix 620, 620 – of furcula 750 –– superficialis 483 – mediana 485 Anticlinical vertebra 114, 117 Apparatus – ciliares 600 – meningea Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) 587 – digestorius 315, 327 –– anteriores 615 –– caudalis 486 Antimesenteric ileal branch 373 – hyoideus 80, 92 –– posteriores breves/longae 615 –– media 487 Antitragus 620, 620 – lacrimalis 614 – circumflexa –– rostralis 487

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– mentalis 487 –– dorsal metatarsal artery 490 – genus 268 Atlantic – mesenterica cranialis/caudalis –– facial artery 488 – humeri 190 – fossa 110, 129 372, 490 – circle 545–546 – humeroulnaris 191 – part of longissimus muscle – metatarsea dorsalis III 490 Arteries 54, 471 – intercarpeae 195 155, 157 – musculophrenica 483 – elastic type 54,55 – intercostales 130 Atlanto-occipital – nasalis lateralis 486 – muscular type 55 – intermandibularis 98, 128, 347 – joint 95, 110, 129, 129, 130, 130, – nutriciae 36 – of pulmonary circulation 483 – intermetacarpeae 198 151, 626–627 – obturatoria 491 – of systemic circulation 483 – interphalangeae – membrane 130, 130, 540 – occipitalis 486 – smooth muscle fibres 55 –– distales 198, 660, 670 – space 109, 111 – ophthalmica Arteriogram –– proximales 198 Atlantoaxial –– externa 487, 615 – of digital arteries 666 – intertarseae distales/proxi- – joint 110, 129–130, 130 –– interna 487 – of foot 678 males 276–277 – membrane 131 – ovarica 469, 490 – of paw 660 – lumbosacralis 136 – space 109, 111, 113 – palatina Arterioles 53,54–55, 471 – manus 195 Atlas 110, 111–112, 114, 160 –– ascendens 486 – of retina 615, 697 – membri pelvini 265 Atrial –– major 487 Arteriosum ligament 485 – membri thoracici 190 – appendages 473 –– minor 487 Arteriovenous – metacarpi/metacarpeae 195 – natriuretic peptide 481 – pancreaticoduodenalis cranialis/ – anastomoses 54–55, 438 – metacarpophalangeae 198 – sound 482 caudalis 489–490 – junctions 54 – pedis 276 Atrioventricular – perinealis ventralis 491 Artery 53 – planae 41, 132 – bundle 480, 480–481 – pharyngea ascendens 486 – of bulb of penis 448 – radiocarpea 195 – node 480, 481 – phrenica – of bulb of vestibule 491 – radioulnaris – opening 474 –– caudalis 489 – of callosal body 546 –– distalis 193 – valve 473 –– dorsalis 489 – of sole margin 675, 679–680 –– proximalis 193 Atrium – poplitea 490 Arthritis of pastern joint 207 – sacroiliaca 265 – cordis 52 – profunda brachii 485 Arthrography 791 – sellaris 40–41 – dextrum 474 – prostatica 491 Arthrology 37 – simplex 40 – of parabronchi 760 – pudenda Articular – sphaeroidea 40–41, 191 – ruminis 361 –– externa 490 – circumference – spiralis 41 – sinistrum 474 –– interna 469, 491 –– of radius 178, 179, 181 – sternocostales 130, 135 Atropine 603 – pulmonalis dextra/sinistra 483 –– of ulna 178, 178 – synovialis 37 Auditory – radialis 485 – facet of tibia 258 –– manubriosternalis 136 – area 530 – radiatae 421 – fovea of vertebra 112 – talocalcaneocentralis 277 – canal 95, 698 – rectalis – muscle – tarsi 276 – cortex 534 –– caudalis 491 –– of hip joint 293, 298 – tarsocruralis 261, 276 – ossicles 80, 619,622,625, 698, 775 –– cranialis 373, 490 –– of shoulder joint 220–221 – tarsometatarseae 261, 277 – pathways 534, 536 –– media 491 – process – temporohyoidea 128 – tube 623, 626, 694–695, 775 – renalis 423, 490 –– of thoracic vertebrae 113 – temporomandibularis 79, 102, 128, –– cartilage 695 – ruminalis dextra/sinistra 369 –– of vertebra 109, 112, 120 345 –– pharyngeal infection 698 – sacralis mediana 490–491 – surface 115 – thoracis 130 –– pharyngeal opening 351, 691, 694, – saphena 490 –– of distal phalanx 189 – trochoidea 40, 130 695 – scapularis dorsalis 483 –– of fabellae 255 – ulnocarpea 195 –– tympanic opening 695 – sphenopalatina 487 –– of navicular bone 187 Aryepiglottic fold 330–331,408,408 Auerbach plexus (myenteric nerve – splenica (lienalis) 358, 489, 514 –– of sesamoid to cannon bone 187 Arytenoid cartilage 404, 406,407,407, plexus) 64, 370,372,563 – subclavia 483 Articulatio(-nes) 27 409–410 , 758, 759 Auricle 99, 619, 619–620 – sublingualis 486 – antebrachiocarpea 182, 195 Ascending – of atrium 473 – subscapularis 485 – atlanto-occipitalis 129 – aorta 483, 769 Auricula 619 – supraorbitalis 487 – atlantoaxialis 129 – colon 375–376, 378, 380–381, 719, – cordis 473–474 – suprascapularis 485 – calcaneoquartalis 277 720–721 Auricular – temporalis – capitis costae 130, 135 –– projection onto lateral body – branch of vagus nerve 556, 558 –– profunda caudalis/rostralis 487 – carpi/carpeae 195 wall 742–745 – cartilage 151, 334, 619 –– superficialis 487, 681 – carpometacarpeae 182, 195 – duodenum 374, 375, 377, 755, 756, – muscles 619 – testicularis 438, 490 – centrodistalis 277 756 – nerve of facial nerve 562 – thoracica interna 483 – cochlearis 41 – limb of convoluted tubule 422, – portion of ilium 243 – thoracodorsalis 485 – columnae vertebralis 131 424–425 – region 686–687 – thyroidea – composita 40 – mesocolon 382 – surface of sacrum 124 –– caudalis 486 – condylaris 41, 345 – palatine artery 486 Auriculopalpebral nerve 555, 556, –– cranialis 410, 486 – costochondrales 130, 135 – pathways 530, 534 560, 690 – tibialis cranialis/caudalis 490 – costotransversaria 130, 135 – pharyngeal artery 486 Auriculotemporal nerve 553, 554, 560, – transversa – costovertebrales 130, 135 – spinal tracts 519 692, 700 –– cubiti 485 – cotylica 41 Ascites 71 Auris –– faciei 487 – coxae 267 Aspergillosis of guttural pouch 692, – externa 619, 775 – umbilicalis 491 – cricoarytenoidea 408 695–696 – interna 628, 776 – uterina 469, 490–491 – cricothyroidea 409 Asphyxiation 763 – media 621, 775 – vaginalis 469, 491 – cubiti 175, 178, 191 Association Autonomic – vertebralis 483 – delabens 41 – cortex 530 – ganglia 548 – vestibularis 491 – ellipsoidea 40–41, 130 – fibres 529 – nerves 548 Arterial – femoropatellaris 253 Asternal ribs 119, 126, 128 – nervous system 59, 63, 537, – blood pressure 55 – femorotibialis 253, 268 Astrocytes 61 580–581, 582 – blood sampling 486 – fibrosa 37 – fibrillary 62 Autopodium 181, 244, 259, 677

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Axial 26 – nuclei 525 – bulbus oculi 772 – of clitoris 465 – collateral ligament 200–201, Base – cardiovascular system 769 – of epididymis 435, 435, 439 203–204 – of caecum 379 – central nervous system 771, 771 – of ilium 121, 243, 247–248, 251 – digital – of calcaneus 263 – common integument 776 – of incisive bone 88 –– artery 665, 667 – of cranium 97, 100, 104 – digestive system 751, 753 – of incus 622, 625 –– nerves 668 – of frog 671, 673 – ear 775 – of intraorbital fat pad 598 –– veins 667 – of heart 317, 474 – egg 747, 767 – of ischium 247, 248 – dorsal proper artery of fourth dig- – of sacrum 122 – endocrine glands 772 – of mammary gland 642 it 657, 660 – of skull 97, 103, 105 – endothermic temperature 747 – of mandible 90, 92, 96–98, 103 – palmar – of stapes 622, 625 – erythrocytes 769 – of maxilla 87 –– digital vein 665 – surface of hoof 652, 655 – eye 772 – of metacarpal bone 183 –– ligament 203 Basement membrane – feathered body regions 777 – of pancreas 391, 394 –– proper artery of fourth digit 657, – of blood vessels 54, 56 – featherless body regions 777 – of penis 443 660 – of capillaries 56 – female genital organs 765 – of prostate 441, 441 – part of hoof 661 Basihyoid 92, 93, 99, 104, 403, 627 – gastrointestinal tract 753 – of pubis 248, 251 – plantar digital vein 665 Basilar – immune system 769 – of radius 178 – sesamoid bones 201, 203 – artery 522, 528, 545, 545–548 – intestine 756 – of rib 126–127 – skeleton 73 – lamina 630 – jugular venipuncture 769 – of sole 664,670 Axillary – membrane 632,776,776 – larynx 758 – of sternum 127, 128 – artery 485–486, 487, 491, 706–707, – part – lung 759 – of stomach 353, 356–357 722, 728, 729 –– of occipital bone 78, 89 – lymphatic – of talus 262 –– blood sampling 486 –– of temporal bone 74 –– organs 769–770 – of thyroid cartilage 407, 407 – fascia 137, 211 Basioccipital bone 74, 77 –– vessels 769 – of tongue 329, 330–331, 754 – loop 564, 564, 566, 723, 729 Basipodium 181, 244, 259 – lymphoreticular formations 770 – of udder 645 – lymph centre 505 Basis – male genital organs 763, 765 – of ulna 181 –– mammary tumours 505 – cranii – migration 747 – of ureter 430 – lymph nodes 507, 564, 637, 644, –– externa 98 – nasal cavity 758 – of uterus 449, 458, 460, 461, 463– 722, 729 –– interna 100, 104 – oocyte 767 464 – lymphatic vessel 770 – cunei 671 – pentachromatic perception of – of vertebra 109 – nerve 563, 564, 565, 569, 728–729 – ossis sacri 122 light 747 – posture 524 –– cutaneous innervation 572 Basisphenoid 78, 89, 97, 129, 781 – pneumatisation of skeleton 760 – temperature, regulation 491 – plexus 486 – openings and structures passing – proximal digestive tract 753 Body cavities 68, 315 – region 722 through 89,94 – purine metabolism 763 – internal walls 69 – vein 495, 496, 706–707 Beak 753 – respiratory system 758, 762 – of birds 751 Axis 110, 111–112, 114–115, 118, 160 Beard hairs 639 – salivary glands 753 – serous membranes 69 – bulbi externus/internus 597 Beta cells 596 – skeleton 748 Bogorozky tendon 155 – opticus 597 Betz pyramidal cells 530, 535 – skin 776 Bone callus 31 – pelvis 249 Biarticular muscle 47 –– accessory structures 776 Bone marrow 27, 29, 34, 501 Axons 60, 60 Biaxial joints 40 – spinal cord 771 – fat 34 – of sensory neurons 61 Bicarotid trunk 483, 484–485,486,559 – trachea 758 – lymphocytes 770 Azygos vein 495, 495, 498, 706 Biceps muscle – urinary system 763 – red 34, 52 – of forearm 194, 216, 222–223, 224, – vocalisation 747 Bone morphogenetic protein 32 B 782 Biventer muscle of neck 157–158 Bone spavin 279 –– rupture 727 Blind Bone-forming cells 31 B lymphocytes 57, 501, 770 – of thigh 284, 286, 287, 287, 289, 292, – part of retina 599 Bone-resorbing cells 31 Back 304–306 – sac 368 Bones 27 – cutaneous muscles 140–141 Bicipital – spot 606 – adaptive changes throughout life 36 – deep layer of muscles 154–155 – artery 485, 487 Blindness 608 – appositional growth 30 – long muscles 155, 157 – bursa 222 Blood 52 – architecture 29 –– lateral group 155 – groove 175 – capillaries 56 – blood vessels 31 –– medial group 157 – tendon 190,191 – circulation time 52 – central canal 35 – muscles 154, 155 Bicuspid valve 477–478 – continual flow 55 – compact lamellae 29 – palpable bony structures 737 – heart sound 482 – flow – compressive stress (pressure) 29 – superficial muscles 154 Bifurcational lymph nodes 506 –– circuits 471 – concentric lamellae 33,35 Balance disorders 699 Bile 391 –– velocity 55–56 – connective tissue precursor 28 Ball-and-socket joint 40–41 – canaliculi 391 – oxygen-rich (oxygenated) 52 – extracellular matrix 32 BALT (bronchus-associated lymphatic – capillaries 391 – pressure 55–56, 64 – flexure (shear stress) 29 tissue) 57 – duct 321, 386,391,392, 758 – venous return 56 – forms 28, 35 Barba 639 Bill tip organ 753, 777 – vessels 54–55, 471 – function 36 Barbules 777 Binocular vision 534, 597 – volume 52 – growth 36 Barium sulphate suspensions 791 Biological clock 589 Blood-air barrier 416, 760 – hematopoiesis 30, 36 Barrier arteries 54 Bipennate muscles 46 Blood-brain barrier 56, 65, 546 – hypertrophies 32 Bars 670–671, 672 Bipolar neurons 60 Blood-filled tubular pathways 52 – inner circumferential lamellae 36 Basal Birds Blood-liquor barrier 65 – inorganic compounds 33 – border of lung 412 – accessory organs of intestinal Blood-nerve barrier 65 – lamellae 29 – fold 402 tract 757 Blood-urine barrier 421 – longitudinal growth 34 – ganglia 529 – anatomy 747 Body – looped-ending arteries 31 – interscalar canal 776 – asphyxiation 763 – of axis 113 – mineral content 27 – lamina of choroid 600 – body cavities 751 – of caecum 377, 379 – necrosis 31 – layer of epidermis 635, 636,654 – bronchial system 760 – of cervical vertebra 113 – nerves 31

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– nutrient arteries 31, 36 – tree 413, 413, 414, 415 Bunodont 336 – alveolaris 91 – of organs 29 – vein 495 Bursa(-ae) – cervicis 460 – organ-like system 32 Bronchiolus(-i) – cloacalis 757, 770 – hyaloideus 608 – outer circumferential lamellae 36 – respiratorii 413 – Fabricii 757, 770 – infraorbitalis 87 – palpable structures 736 – terminales 413 – infrapatellaris 270–271 – inguinalis 164–165, 468 – regeneration 31 – veri 413 – intertubercularis 222 – lacrimalis 88 – Sharpey fibres 31 Broncho-oesophageal – omentalis 71, 359 – mandibularis 91 – stress trajectories 29 – artery 489 – ovarica 459, 468 – musculotubarius 80 – tensile (traction) principles 29 – trunk 489, 707 – podotrochlearis 205, 237, 660, 670 – nasolacrimalis 690 – trabeculae 29 – vein 495 – subligamentosa – nervi facialis 102 – trajectorial construction 29 Bronchopulmonary segments 413 –– nuchalis cranialis/caudalis 134 – nervi hypoglossi 98 – tubules 29 Bronchus(-i) 413, 752 –– supraspinalis 134 – opticus 78, 97, 102 Bony – lobares 413 – subtendinea – palatinus 89 – canals 33,35 – primarii/secundarii 760 –– calcanei 302 – pyloricus 353 – orbit 95, 687 – principales 413 –– musculi infraspinati 218 – radicis dentis 336 – pelvis 243, 248, 252–253 – segmentales 413 –– musculi tricipitis brachii 222 – sacralis 122 Botallo’s ligament 484, 559 – subsegmentales 413 – synoviales 50 – semicirculares 80 Botulin neurotoxin 65 Bronchus-associated lymphatic tissue –– submusculares 50 –– ossei 628 Boutons of motor neurons 65 (BALT) 57 – testicularis 435 – sinus transversi 100 Bovine horn 680 Brown fat 633 Bursitis – solearis 189 Bow Buccae 328 – of intertubercular bursa 727 – transversarius 112 – and string 309, 310 Buccal – of nuchal subligamental bursae 701 – triosseus 748 – flexion 309 – artery 487, 693 – vertebralis 73, 109 Bowman’s capsule 421 – branches of facial nerve 555 C Canine 98 Bowman’s layer 599 – glands 336–337 – claw 656 Brachial – nerve 553, 554–556, 560, 686 C-cells of thyroid gland 36 – fossa 87 – artery 485–486, 487, 489, 491, – part Caecal – muscle 140, 143 723–724, 728–729 –– of buccinator muscle 142 – apex 379, 379 – nuchal aspect of skull 76 –– pulse palpation 486 –– of zygomatic muscle 142 – arteries 379–380, 380, 490 – teeth 97, 99, 336, 339–340 – fascia 211 – plexus 695 – base 379 Canini 339 – muscle 194, 214–219, 222–223, 224, – region 685–686, 686–687, 691 – body 377, 379, 380–381 Canker 655 724 – surface – lymph nodes 372, 379, 508 Cannon bone – plexus 562–563, 564, 569, 722, 725 –– of mandible 91 Caecocolic – of forelimb 185, 186, 205, 263 – region 723 –– of teeth 336 – fold 379, 380–382, 383 – of hindlimb 263 – vein 496, 498, 729 – tactile hairs 639, 642 – ligament 379 Canter 313 Brachiocephalic – vein 495, 693 – orifice 378–379, 381 Canthi 612 – duct 760 – venous sinus 693 Caecum 327, 375–377,378,379, 721, Capillaries 52, 54, 55, 56, 471 – muscle 142, 150, 211–212, 212,213, – vestibule 327, 400 752–753, 755, 756 – basement membrane 56 214–215, 216, 216, 311, 497, 700, Buccinator muscle 142, 142, 143, 144, – haustra 379 Capilli 638 782 150 – projection onto lateral body Capital portion – region, subcutaneous injections 702 Bulb wall 740, 742–744 – of longissimus muscle 155 – trunk 472, 479, 483, 484–485, 489, – of heel 670 – taenia 379 – of splenius muscle 149, 153 491, 707,769 – of penis 443, 444, 445 Calamus 777 Capitulum humeri 175 Brachioradial muscle 194, 223, 226, – segment of hoof 663 Calcaneal Capsula 228 Bulbar – region 732 – articularis 37 Brachium 171 – conjunctiva 613, 614 – tuber 262, 263–264 – externa 529 Brachydont 336, 338 – horn 664 – tuberosity 734 – glomeruli 421 Bradykinin 419 – sheath 610 Calcaneous shell 769 – interna 529 Brain 61, 515, 520, 520–528, 771, 771 Bulbospongiosus muscle 322, 441, 446, Calcaneus 261–262, 263–264 – lentis 607 – arteries 545–547 448 Calcar 751 – ungulae decidua 652 – blood vessels 545, 547 Bulbothalamic tract 535 – metatarsale 777 Caput 685 –– occlusion/stenosis 698 Bulbourethral gland 433, 441, 441 Calcified ossein 33, 33–34 – costae 126 – injuries 698 Bulbus Calcitonin 36 – epididymidis 435 – location 699 – aortae 476 Calcium 36 – humerale m. flexoris carpi – veins 546 – glandis 445 Callosal body 530 ulnaris 224 – ventricles 61 – oculi 597, 772 – artery 545–547 – humeri 175 Brainstem 520, 540 – olfactorius 528 Callus 31 – mandibulae 92, 128, 345 Bristles 778 – pili 638 Calvaria 99, 103, 104, 106 – ossis femoris 252–253 Broad Bull Calx 262 – radii 178 – ligament of uterus 322, 449–450, – accessory genital glands 439 Calyx renalis 425 – tali 262 458, 459, 461, 467, 716 – bulbourethral glands 441 Camera – ulnae 181 – sacrotuberous ligament 168, 266, – genital organs 434–435 – anterior 598, 607 – ulnare m. flexoris carpi ulnaris 224 267 –– examination 718 – bulbi 598 Carbachol 603 Broadest muscle of back 155, 213, 214, – length of epididymal duct 436 – posterior 598, 607 Cardia 353 220 – penis 446 – vitrea 598 Cardiac Bronchial – prostate gland 441 Canaliculus(-i) – glands 354, 357 – branches of broncho-oesophageal Bulla – lacrimales 614 – impression 757 artery 489 – lacrimalis 85 – ossei 33,35 – index 482 – lymph centre 318, 506 – tympanica 80, 621, 698 Canalis – myocytes 476, 480 – system 760, 762 Bundle of His 480, 481 – alaris 79 – notch 412, 472

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Cardiac – tendons and synovial sheaths 232 – lateral digital extensor muscle 229 –– femoral vein 772 – output 482 Cartilage 27–28 – length of epididymal duct 436 –– nerve of femur 575 – plexus 417, 481, 558 – appositional expansion 28 – mammary glands 646 –– sural nerve 573, 578, 580, 737–738 – portion of stomach 353, 356–357 – calcification 34, 37 – metacarpal bones 184 – deep temporal artery 487 – region 704 – callus 31 – nostrils 399 – dorsal – skeleton 473, 475 – development 28 – pancreatic duct 393 –– cerebral vein 547 – sphincter 352, 354–355 – fibres 28 – parathyroid glands 593 –– serrate muscle 154,160–161, 284 – vessels 479 – formation 28 – patella 258 – duodenal flexure 374, 376–377, 720 – wall 476 – growth 28 – pulmonary lobes 417 – epigastric Cardial mediastinum 317, 317 – intercellular substance 28 – skeleton 37, 38 –– artery 470, 490, 493, 738 Cardiovascular system 52, 471, 769 – interstitial growth 28 – stomach 355, 356 –– vein 499 Carina 750 – longitudinal growth 34 – superficial digital flexor muscle 232 – extremity Carnassial tooth 97, 343 – matrix 37 – superficial muscles 48 –– of sacrum 122 Carnivores – of auditory tube 626,695 – tactile hairs 643 –– of vertebra 110, 111, 120 – anal canal 383 – of manubrium 127, 128 Catagenetic stage of hair 639 – facet of thoracic vertebrae 113 – atlantoaxial joint 130 – of third phalanx 189, 189 Catheterisation of guttural pouch 695 – femoral arteries 490 – atlanto-occipital joint 130 – precursor skeleton 32 Cauda – forearm region 725 – carpal bones 182, 184 Cartilaginous – epididymidis 435 – gluteal – common digital extensor muscle 228 – joint 37 – equina 516, 516–517 –– artery 470, 491, 493, 731, 737 – digital skeleton 184 – part of external acoustic meatus 620 – equina syndrome 516 –– nerve 574, 574, 575, 577,731, – mammary glands 646 – process of xiphoid 128 – stylopharyngeal muscle 348 738–739 – metacarpal bones 183–184 – unions 37 Caudal 26, 27 –– vein 737 – metacarpophalangeal joints 199 Cartilago(-ines) 27 – abdominal region 705, 714 – gonadal ligament 468 – patellar ligament 270 – alares 402 – air sacs 761 – groove 362 – phalangeal joints 199 – anularis 620 – alar foramen 77, 79, 94, 103, 105 – hyoid lymph nodes 505 – skull 95 – articularis 28, 37 – angle of scapula 171 – intercondylar area 259 – spleen 513 – arytenoidea 407, 758 – antebrachial cutaneous nerve 724, – interlobar incisure 758 – sterno-occipital muscle 211 – costalis 125, 127 728–729 – intumescence 120 – superficial digital flexor muscle 232 – cricoidea 407–408, 758 – aperture of thoax 74 – laryngeal nerve 409–410, 558–559, – vertebrae 117 – dorsi linguae 331 – articular 559, 692 Carotid – epiglottica 407 –– facet 130 – ligament of meniscus of tibia 273 – body 486, 596 – epiphysialis 29,34 –– fovea 114–115, 129 – lobe – canal 77, 79, 94 – interarytenoidea 407 –– process 109–110, 110, 114–115, –– of cerebrum 525 – notch 78, 105, 106 – laryngis 407, 758 117, 120, 123, 125 –– of lung 414, 416, 416 – sheath 700 – manubrii 128 –– surface 110 – mammary – sinus 596 – nasalis accessoria medialis 402 – auricular –– artery 648, 649, 649 – sinus branch of glossopharyngeal – nasi 399 –– artery 488 –– vein 648, 649, 649 nerve 557, 558 – palpebrae tertiae 687 –– muscle 144 – maxillary sinus 107, 108, 686 Carpal – procricoidea 758 –– nerve 555, 556–557, 560, 692 – mediastinal lymph nodes 318, 506 – bones 38–40, 172–173, 181, 181, – scapulae 171 –– vein 689 – mediastinum 317, 318 182, 182–183, 184, 185 – thyroidea 407 – blind sac of rumen 362, 718, 755 –– computed tomography (CT) 795 –– exostoses 206 – tracheales 407 – border –– contents 317–318 –– of horse 184, 185 – tubae auditivae 695 –– of lung 761 – medullary velum 522, 771 – canal 196 – ungularis lateralis/medialis 189 –– of scapula 171 – meningeal artery 486 – joints 173, 195, 197, 726 – xiphoidea 128 – branch of pubis 251 – mesenteric –– injection sites 198 Caruncles of skin 777 – cava vein 764 –– artery 372–373, 393,490,491–493, –– ligaments 196–197 Caruncula(-ae) – cerebellar 764 –– long collateral ligaments 195, 199 – cutaneae 777 –– artery 545, 545–548 –– ganglion 393, 583, 585 –– muscles 223 – lacrimalis 612 –– peduncles 522 –– lymph centre 508 –– shock absorber 196 – sublinguales 331 – cerebral –– lymph nodes 507 –– short collateral ligaments 195 Castration 715 –– artery 545, 545–547 –– vein 373, 764 –– short ligaments 198 Cat –– peduncles 526, 534 – musculature 290 – pad 650, 651 – abdominal organs 708–709 – circumflex humeral artery 485, 487 – nasal –– rudimentary 651 – binocular vision 534 – clunial nerves 574, 731 –– nerve 94, 552, 553, 560 – region 723, 726 – blood pressure measurement 55 – colliculi 523, 526, 532, 534, 536, 544 –– spine 77, 79, 89, 97, 98, 108–109 –– tendons 726 – claw 659 – commissure 529 – notch of thyroid cartilage 406 – rete 486 – dental formulae 339 – constrictor muscles 348 – nuchal subligamental bursae 701 – synovial sheath 238 – dentition 340, 344 – costal facet 114 – oblique muscle of head 148, 153, – tunnel syndrome 730 – dorsal thorax, radiograph 116 – cranial 154, 158 Carpometacarpal – ethmoidal foramen 100 –– cavity 520 – omental recess 70, 319, 359 – joints 182, 195 – extensor muscle of first and second –– fossa 74, 77–78, 100, 101, 104–105 – palatine foramen 79, 86, 88, 94, 103 – ligament 198 digits 229 – cranial fossa 106 – pancreaticoduodenal artery 392, 490 Carpometacarpus 748 – eye 602 – cruciate ligament 269, 270–271, 273, – part Carpus 310 – genital organs 433 299 –– of digastric muscle 149 – extension 310 – injection sites –– rupture 274, 735 –– of dorsal serrate muscle 161 – fibrous bands 195 –– of carpal joints 198 – crus of internal capsule 526 –– of greater tubercle 176–177 – ligaments 195, 196 –– of elbow joint 193 – cutaneous –– of mylohyoid muscle 150 – muscles 223, 230, 234–235 –– of shoulder joint 191 –– antebrachial nerve 566 –– of spinal cord 515, 516 – overextension 310 – intravenous injections of medial –– femoral nerve 574, 574, 577, 731, – pectoral nerves 562–563, 569, 725, – skeleton 234–235 saphenous vein 496 739 728–729

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– pelvic aperture or outlet 249 – cranii 74, 104 – vein 495, 496, 498, 677, 701, 724, –– of vagus nerve 558 – phrenic artery 489 – dentis 336 729 –– of ventral serrate muscle 217 – pillar 363 – hypophysis 587 Ceratohyoid 92, 93, 99, 104 – superficial sphincter muscle 138 – pneumatic foramen 775 – infraglotticum 408 – muscle 151, 349 – vertebrae 38–40,110,111–112, 115, – process – intestinale peritonei 751 Cere (cera) 777 117, 118–119, 130, 748 –– of cricoid cartilage 407 – laryngis 407–408 Cerebellomedullar cistern 539, 542 –– access 703 –– of thyroid cartilage 406 – mediastini serosum 317, 319 Cerebellum 520, 520–521, 522, 522, –– deformity/trauma 702 – rectal – medullare 28–30 525, 539–540, 771, 781 Cervicoscutular muscle 143, 146 –– artery 470, 491 – nasi 100, 108, 758 – control of extrapyramidal and Cervicothoracic ganglion 582–583, –– nerves 573–574, 575, 577, 731 – oris 327 pyramidal system 537 583–584 – renal –– proprium 327 – functions 522 Cervix –– artery 764 – pectoris 69 – lesions 699 – dentis 335 –– division 763, 763–766 – pelvis 69, 319, 321 – magnetic resonance imaging 801 – uteri 459, 461, 463, 465–466, 718, –– portal vein 764 – pericardii 69, 471, 751 Cerebral 720–721 – spinal roots 516 – peritonei 69, 321 – arterial circle 545, 545–546 – vesicae 429 – superficial – pharyngis 347 – arteries 546 Chalaza 766, 769 –– epigastric artery 644, 649 – pleurae 69 – carotid artery 545, 547–548 Cheek 328, 777 –– epigastric vein 644, 648 – radicis dentis 336 – convolutions 528 – muscles 139, 142–143, 150 – sural nerve 576, 733 – subarachnoideale 540 – cortex 525, 530, 548 – teeth 340 – surface of radius 179 – synoviale 51 – falx 539, 540, 542 Chemoreceptors 59, 538 – thoracic – thoracis 74, 125, 315 – fossa, computed tomography Chestnut 650, 651, 730 –– air sac 752,760,762 – tympani 80, 621 (CT) 794 Chiasma opticum 78, 104, 771 –– nerves 481 – vaginale 438 – hemispheres 525, 528, 544 Chiasmatic – thyroid Cells – islet 526 – groove 100 –– artery 486, 488, 591 – of parenchyma 25 – longitudinal fissure 525 – sulcus 78 –– notch 409 – of reticulum 365, 365 – peduncles 523, 533 Chicken –– vein 700, 701 Cellula(-ae) – ventricles 541, 543–544 – accessory organs of intestinal – tibial – ethmoidales 93, 404 Cerebrospinal tract 757 –– artery 490, 493–494,733 – medullares 31,34 – fluid 61, 516, 540–541 – endocrine glands 772 –– ligament 269, 270–271 – reticuli 365 –– circulatory disorders 699 – eyeball 774 –– muscle 294, 308 CEM (contagious equine metritis) 465 – ganglia 548, 550 – female genital organs 765, 768 – transverse plane of brain 699 Cementum 337, 338 – nerves 548, 550 – lymphatic vessels 769, 770 – vena cava 53, 373, 389, 392, 471, Central – nervous system 58 – lymphoreticular formations 770 4845 –48 , 495, 496, 498–500, – area of retina 606 – nuclei 550 – middle and superficial muscle 706–707 – arteries of spleen 513, 514 Cerebrum 515, 520, 520–521, 781 layers 749 – vertebrae 38–40, 123, 125, 125, 243, – canal 516, 516–518, 541, 543 – grey/white matter 525 – organs of peritoneal cavity 756 246, 748 –– of bones (Haversian canal) 35 Cerumen 620 – proximal digestive tract 753 – vertebral notch 110, 111, 114, – facial nerve paralysis 694, 698 Cervical – sexual maturity 764 114–115, 120, 123 – flexure of colon 383 – air sac 752,760,762 – skeleton 748, 748 – vesical arteries 429, 470 – groove of frog 671, 673 – branch of facial nerve 556 Chief cells of gastric glands 354 Caudate – intercondylar area 258, 259 – canal 460, 463 Chin region 685, 686–687, 691, 699 – lobe 385, 385 – intermediate substance 518 – cardiac nerves 481, 583, 583–584 Choanae 89, 98, 103, 754 – nucleus 526–527, 529, 531–533, – lymph follicle 502 – column (spine) 111–113 Choanal region 97 534, 538,617 – lymph vessels 58 –– movements 136 Cholinergic – process 378, 385, 386, 388–389 – medulla of hair 638 – cutaneus muscle 138 – neurons 61 Caudodorsal – medullary cavity 29 – enlargement (intumescence) 515, – receptors 65 – blind sac 361, 362–363, 368 – nervous system (CNS) 58, 61–62, 516 Chondral – muscle of stomach 754 515, 771, 771 – ganglions 417 – ossification 28,32–33, 35–36 – pouch of elbow joint 192 –– meninges 539 – group of intertransversal – osteogenesis 33 Caudoventral –– pathways 530 muscles 159 Chondroblasts 28 – blind sac 361, 362–363 – reaction centre of lymph node 503 – intumescence 771 Chondroclasts 34, 35 – muscle of stomach 754, 755 – reflex arcs of medulla oblongata – lobe of thymus 510, 511 Chondrocompedal ligament 206 Caval 521 – loop 558, 562 Chondrocoronal ligament 205, 206 – foramen 69, 161, 496, 500 – striated area of the retina 606 – mucosa, mucous secretion 460 Chondrocytes 28, 35 – opening 319 – tarsal bone 261, 263–264, 751 – nerves 562 Chondrogenesis 28 Cavernous – tendon of diaphragm 161 –– dorsal branches 722 Chondropulvinal ligament 210 – body – thorax line 745 – part Chondrosesamoid ligaments 210 –– of penis 443, 446 – vein 390 –– of iliocostal muscle 157 Chondroungular collateral liga- –– of urethra 433 –– of adrenal gland 594 –– of long muscle of head 151 ments 205 – sinus 486, 546, 587 –– of liver 388, 497, 757 –– of longissimus muscle 155, 157 Chondroungulocompedal liga- Cavitas Centrifugal –– of multifidus muscle 158, 160 ments 205 – glenoidalis 171, 190 – coils 377 –– of oesophagus 352 Chorda tympani 94, 331, 553–554, – tympanica 775 – turns 383 –– of rhomboid muscle 154, 216 556, 694, 694–695 Cavity Centripetal –– of semispinal muscle 157–159 Chordae tendineae 475, 476–477 – of larynx 407 – coils 377 –– of spinal cord 515, 515–516, 518 Choroid 598, 599,600,609, 774 – of vaginal process 437 – turns 383 –– of spinal muscle 156, 157, 159 Choroid plexus 541 Cavum Centrum tendineum diaphragma- –– of splenius muscle 149, 153 – of fourth ventricle 515 – abdominis 69, 319 tis 161 –– of sympathetic trunk 583 – of lateral ventricle 538 – articulare 37 Cephalic –– of trapezius muscle 211 – of third ventricle 515 – coronale dentis 336 – part of sympathetic trunk 582 –– of triceps muscle 226 Choroidocapillary layer 600

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Chromophilic basophilic/acidophilic Cleidocephalic muscle 211–212, 212, Collateral – iliac cells 589 216–217 – arteries 53 –– artery 764 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Cleidocervical muscle 212, 212, 690 – ligaments –– vein 496 (COPD) 412 Cleidomastoid muscle 212, 212, 213, –– of elbow joint 175 – integument 633, 634, 776 Chyle cistern 58, 319, 507, 507, 218–219 –– of fetlock joint 202 – interosseous artery 485–486, 487, 508–509 Cleido-occipital muscle 212, 212, 213 –– of metacarpophalangeal joints 199 725 Chylus 57 Clitoral –– of proximal interphalangeal – nasal meatus 101, 401, 404 Cilia 613, 639 – fossa 465, 466 joint 204 – synovial sheath of flexor muscles of Ciliary – sinuses 465 –– of tarsus 279 thoracic limb 726 – arteries 600, 688 Clitoris 463–464, 465 – radial artery 485, 487 Communicating – body 599, 601, 603, 603–604, 609, Cloaca 747, 752–753, 755, 757, 757, – sesamoid ligaments 200, 205, 206 – branches of sympathetic trunk 583 774 763 – ulnar – griseous branch 582 – epithelium 602 – muscles 749 –– artery 485, 487, 677, 725, 729 Compact – ganglion 549, 551–552, 585, 586, Cloacal –– vein 495, 677 – bone 29, 29–30, 32, 802 602, 617 – bursa 770 Collecting tubules 422, 425 – lamellae 29 – glands 613 – lymphatic vessels 769, 770 Colliculus seminalis 430, 436 Comparative anatomy 24 – muscle 599, 602, 773 Closed castration 715 Collum 699 Complex – nerves 555 Club foot 730 – costae 126 – hinge joint 195 – part of retina 599, 603 Coccygeal – glandis 445 – stomach 360 – process 600, 601, 609 – artery 169, 488–489, 731, 737 – humeri 175 Complexus muscle 157–158 – ring 601, 604 – muscle 167–169, 294, 296, – ossis femoris 253 Composite joints 40, 191, 195 – zonule 601, 607 322, 731 – tali 262 Computed tomography (CT) 792 Cingulate gyrus 528, 531 – nerves 573 Colon 327, 376–377, 379, 379, 380, – 3-D reconstruction 792 Cingulum 530 – part 382 – areas of application 795 – membri –– of spinal cord 515 – ascendens 380–381 – attenuation coefficients 792 –– pelvini 243, 244, 265 –– of sympathetic trunk 584, 584 – descendens 380, 383 – contrast material 795 –– thoracici 171 – vein 169, 731, 737 – dorsale dextrum/sinistrum 381 – established protocols 792 Circle of Willis 545, 545–546 – vertebrae 125 – necrosis of intestinal wall 382 – greyscale values 792 Circular muscles 46,47 Coccygeomesenteric vein 764 – of horse 381 – individual volume element 792 Circulatory system 26, 51, 52, 397 Cochlea 79, 619, 621, 623–624, 628, – of pig 383 – Maximum Intensity Projection Circulus 629–631 – of ruminants 383 (MIP) 792 – arteriosus cerebri 545, 545–546 – membranous ducts 630 – transversum 380, 383 – Multiplanar Reformation (MPR) 792 – vasculosus n. optici 697 – of tibia 259 – ventrale dextrum/sinistrum 381 – quality of image 792 Circumanal glands 384,641 Cochlear Colostrum 642, 646 – volume rendering 792 Circumferentia – area 94 Columella 775, 776 – voxel 792 – articularis radii 179, 181 – duct 628,1 630, 63 , 776, 776 Columna(-ae) Concha(-ae) – radialis ulnae 178 – fibres 534 – anales 384 – auriculae 620 Circumflex – foramen 619 – dorsalis, lateralis et ventralis 517 – muscles 146 – artery of ilium 325 – ganglion 776 – vertebralis 109 – nasalis(-es) 100, 402, 758 – branch of left coronary artery 476, – joint 41, 43 Columnar –– dorsalis 83, 100, 402 477, 484 – labyrinth 628, 630 – cells –– media 83, 100, 403 – humeral artery 487, 723 – nerve 94, 556, 628, 628, 776 –– of intestine 371 –– ventralis 87, 100, 108, 403 – scapular artery 485, 487,722 – nuclei 534, 550, 556 –– of organ of Corti 630 Conchal Circumoral glands 641 – organ 536 – epithelium 353 – bones 83, 403 Cirrus – window 622, 628, 628, 630, 775, – zone 383, 384 – cavity 620 – caudae 639 775–776 Comb 776–777 – crest 87 – metacarpeus/metatarseus 639 Coeliac Commissura 62 Conchofrontal sinus 108, 403, 405, 691 Cisterna – artery 358, 359, 369, 372, 388, 392, – alba 519 Conchomaxillary opening 108, 404 – chyli 58, 319, 507 489, 491–493, 755, 764 – fornicis seu hippocampi 529 Conducting system of heart 480, – of subarachnoid space 540 – ganglion 325, 389, 424, 583, 585 Commissural fibres 529 480–481 Citrate 441 – lymph nodes 370, 507 Commissure of cerebral hemi- Condylar Claustrum 526–527, 529, 532, 538 – lymphatics 393 spheres 527, 533, 538 – joint 43 , 268, 345 Clavicle 38–40, 128, 171, 171,748, – lymphocentre 370, 507 Common – process of mandible 92, 92, 99 748, 750 Coelomic cavity 319, 751, 752 – bile duct 321, 360, 374 Condyle of humerus 178 Clavicula 39–40 Coffin bone 205 – calcaneal tendon 287, 288–289, 296, Condyloid Clavicular air sac 752, 760, 762 Coffin joint 198, 201, 204, 209 301 – canal 77 Claw 651, 653, 656, 658, 661 – dorsal ligament 201 – carotid artery 54,137,484–485, 486, – process 345 – blood supply 657 – injection sites 205 488–489, 491, 497, 591, 694, 696 Condylus – fold 656 – lesions, lameness 207 – digital – humeri 175, 178, 191 –– elastic ligaments 659 – ligaments 205 –– extensor muscle 194, 214–215, 217, – lateralis/medialis femoris 253 – form 656 Colic 226, 228, 228, 230, 242, 567,724 – occipitalis 75, 95, 130, 748 – function 651 – anuli vaginales 718 –– flexor muscle 214 Cone cells 773 – of bird 777 – branch of ileocolic artery 373, 490 –– muscle of carpus 194 Cone cells of retina 604–605 – of cat 659, 661 – lymph nodes 372, 507, 508, 508 –– nerves II and III 678 Congenital hearing disorders 698 – of dog 656, 658 – ramus 380 –– palmar nerves 570 Conical papillae 330, 332, 689, 758 – of wings 751 Collagen 28 –– plantar nerves 577 Conjugata diagonalis 249 – segments 652, 656 Collagenous fibres – fibular nerve 575–577, 578–579, Conjugate diameter 249 Clear layer of epidermis 635, 636 – cartilage 28 732–733 Conjunctiva 697 Cleidobrachial muscle 140, 211–212, – of dermis 634, 674 – hepatic duct 391 – lymphatic nodules 614 212, 216–217 Collar bone 171 – hepatoenteric duct 758, 758 – of bulbus oculi 613, 614

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– of eyelid 613, 614 Cornu 679 – luteum 452, 453, 455–456, 596, 718 – part of diaphragm 161–162, 162, – yellow-tinged 697 – dorsale/ventrale medullae –– blood vessels 455 392–393 Conjunctival spinalis 517 –– cyclic 452, 457 – pleura 315, 703 – arteries 688, 697 – uteri 459–460 –– cysts 718 – process 120, 121–122, 123, 123 – fold 614 Cornual –– graviditatis 452, 457 – region 704, 704–705 – fornix 613 – arteries 681, 688–689 –– in regression 456–457 – sulcus 761 – sac 613–614 – branch –– progesterone 452 – surface – veins 697 –– anaesthetised for dehorning 681 –– stages 457 –– of lung 412, 761 Connecting serosa 70 –– of trigeminal nerve 681 – mammae 642 –– of scapula 171 Connective tissue –– of zygomatic nerve 689 – mandibulae 90 – tubercle 114, 126 – bridge 237 –– of zygomaticotemporal nerve 681 – maxillae 87 Costoabdominal artery 489 – joints 37 – dermis 680 – medullare 522 Costocervical – layer of epithelium 67 – epidermis 680 – nigrans 603 – artery 410 – of viscera 68 – nerve 551, 683, 688–689 – ossis – lymph node 506 – precursor of bone 28 – process 81, 679–680 –– basisphenoidalis 78 – trunk 316, 483, 484, 489, 559, 706 – structure of integument 634 –– ossification centre 683 –– ilii 243 – vein 495 Conscious visual perception 617 –– pneumatisation 680, 681 –– incisivi 88 Costochondral Consciousness 699 – region 689 –– ischii 247 – joints 135 Consensual pupillary light reflex 773 – subcutis 680 –– presphenoidalis 78 – junction 119, 125, 127 Constrictor – veins 681, 688–689 –– sphenoidalis 78 Costocoxal – muscle of glottis 758 Corona – pancreatis 391 – crus of internal oblique abdominal – of vestibule 469 – ciliaris 601 – penis 443 muscle 165 – of vulva 469 – dentis 335 – phallicum laterale/medianum 765 – peduncle 709 Contact surface of teeth 336 – glandis 445, 445 – pineale 588 Costodiaphragmatic recess 316, 322, Contagious equine metritis (CEM) 465 – radiata 452 – prostatae 441 397 Contorted seminiferous tubule 435 Coronal region 723, 732 – radii 178 Costoseptal Contour feathers 778 Coronary – soleae 663, 670 – border of lung 761 Contractility (ionotropy) of heart 481 – arteries 477 – spongiosum – muscles 752 Contrast materials –– anastomoses 704 –– glandis 443 Costotransverse – computed tomography (CT) 795 –– of foot 679 –– penis 445 – joint 135 – magnetic resonance imaging –– of hoof 665 –– urethrae 443 – ligament 135 (MRI) 799 – border – sterni 128 Costovertebral joint 135 – radiography 791 –– of distal phalanx 188, 189 – striatum 525, 529 – ligaments 135 – ultrasound examination 791 –– of hoof venous drainage 665 – tali 262 Cotransmitters 65 Controlling motor functions 522 – branches 678 – ulnae 181 Cotyledons 463 Conus – cushion 661, 671, 674–675 – uteri 459–460 Cotyloid joint 41 – arteriosus 474, 478–479 – dermis 661, 671 – ventriculi 353 Coverts 778 – medullaris 515 – epidermis 661–662, 671 – vertebrae 109 Cow – papillaris 773 – groove 362,473,474 – vesicae 429 – abdominal Convoluted tubules of kidney 421 – horn 654, 658, 662, 664–665,671, – vitreum 608 –– cavity, examination 717 COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary 676, 679 Corpusculum renis 422 –– organs 378, 713 disease) 412 – ligament 319, 359, 391 Cortex – genital organs, rectal Coprodeum 757, 757, 765 – pillar 362, 363 – cerebelli 522, 533 xamination 718 Coprourodeal plica 757 – segment 651 – of bones 36 – hoof 660 Copulatory organ 757 –– of claw 652, 653, 656, 658 – of hair 641 – mammary glands 648 – surgery 716 –– of hoof 653, 661, 663, 668, 671, 672, – of lymph node 501, 502–503 – pelvic Cor 52, 471 674–675 – of thymus 510 –– cavity, examination 717 – lymphaticum 769–770 –– of nail 652, 653 – pili 638 –– organs 378 Coracobrachial muscle 221, 221, – sinus 474 – renis 421 – projections of organs onto lateral 224–225, 227 – subcutis 671 Cortical body wall 744 Coracohumeral ligament 191 – veins – lobules 421 – skeleton 39 Coracoid –– of foot 679 – part of limbic system 528 – superficial muscles 49 – bone 748, 748, 750 –– of heart 480 – substance 28 – udder 644, 648 – process 171, 175,262,263–264 Coronoid process Corticobulbar fibres 535 Coxal Core of hair 638 – of mandible 88, 92, 104, 105 Corticoids 595 – lymph nodes 509 Corium 634, 652, 676 – of ulna 181 Corticonuclear tract 537 – tuber 122,243,246–250 – diseases 730 –– fragmentation 206 Corticopontine fibres 535 –– palapation 730 – parietis 662 Corpus(-ora) Corticorubral tract 537 – tuber line (CL) 745 Cornea 598, 599, 599–601,696,774 – adiposum infrapatellare 270 Corticospinal fibres 535 Coxofemoral joint 123, 252, 267 – chronic irritation 697 – albicans 452 Corticostriate tract 537 Cranial 26, 27 Corneal – amygdaloideum 528 Costa(-ae) 74, 125 – abdominal region 705, 708 – accommodation 773 – callosum 525, 529, 539 – fluctuantes 126 – air sacs 761 – limbus 598, 613, 774 – cavernosum penis 443 – spuriae seu asternales 126 – angle of scapula 171 – reflex 696 – costae 126–127 Costal – antebrachial cutaneous nerve 725 Corneoscleral junction 598–599 – epididymidis 435 – angle 127 – aperture of thorax 74, 703 Corniculate process 330, 406–407, – gelatinosum 772 – arch 119, 125 – articular 409–410 – geniculatum laterale et mediale 524 – cartilage 118–119, 125, 127, 127 –– facet of axis 130 Cornification 651, 654, 664 – hemorrhagicum 452 – facet of vertebra 113 –– process 109, 110, 114–115, 117, – of epidermis 635 – humeri 175 – groove 126 121, 124–125 – types 637 – linguae 329 –– surface 110

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Cranial – oviductal artery 764 – plate of ethmoid bone 77–79, 82, 86, – of stapes 622, 625 – base, arteries 547–548 – pancreaticoduodenal artery 392, 90, 100, 102–103, 104, 106, 398, 402, – penis 443 – blind sac of rumen 755 489, 492 541 – soleae 663 – border – parasympathicus 64 Cricoarytenoid Cryptorchidism 166, 433 –– of lung 761 – part – articulation 406, 411 – sagittal laparotomy 715 –– of scapula 171 –– of dorsal serrate muscle 161 – muscle 409 Cubital lymph nodes 677, 729 –– of tibia 259 –– of duodenum 374 Cricoid Cuboidal cells 451 – branch/es –– of greater tubercle 176 – cartilage 404, 406, 407, 407, 408, Cumulus oophorus 451, 453 –– of aortic arch 483 –– of sympathetic trunk 582 590, 758, 759 Cuneal –– of pubis 248, 251 – pectoral nerves 562–563, 564, 569, – lamina 406–407 – crus 673 – cavity 74, 78, 99, 104, 106, 520 725, 728 Cricopharyngeal muscle 348, 350 – groove 672 –– caudal/rostral part 99 – pelvic Cricothyroid Cunean tendon 279, 285, 301–302, 306 –– transverse section 79 –– aperture 249 – articulation 406 Cuneate – cervical ganglion 558,582,583–584, –– inlet 249 – muscle 409, 409, 559 – fascicle 518, 531, 534 623, 695, 696, 700 – phrenic artery 489, 493 Cricotracheal ligament 408–409 – nucleus 534–535 – circumflex humeral artery 485, 487 – pillar of rumen 363 Crista Cuneiform process 407, 407 – clunial nerves 568, 573,731 – pubic ligament 265 – ampullaris 556, 629 Cuneus – costal – rectal artery 373, 490, 492 – carnosa 777 – corneus 670 –– facet 114 – renal – conchalis 87 – ungulae 671, 673 –– fovea 120 –– division 763, 763–766 – cutis 634 Cupula 629 – cruciate ligament 269, 271, 273–274 –– portal vein 764 – ethmoidalis 84, 100 – diaphragmatis 161–162 –– rupture 274, 735 – ruminal lymph nodes 370 – facialis 85, 87, 103 – pleurae 315 – cutaneous femoral nerve 732 – sac of rumen 361–362 – galli 78, 82, 104 Curvatura ventriculi major/minor 353 – deep cervical lymph node 505 – sternal lymph nodes 507 – humeri 175 Cusp of teeth 336 – dorsal serrate muscle 154,160–161 – superficial – nasalis 88–89 Cutaneous – duodenal flexure 374, 376–377, –– epigastric artery 644 – nuchae 75, 95, 101 – branch 720–721 –– epigastric vein 644, 649, 649 – orbitosphenoidalis 100 –– of axillary nerve 567 – duodenum 376–377 – surface of radius 179 – partis petrosae 80 –– of musculocutaneous nerve 566 – dura mater 540, 542 – thoracic air sac 752, 760, 762 – renalis 421 –– of radial nerve 567 – epigastric – thyroid – reticuli 365 –– of ulnar nerve 566 –– artery 649 –– artery 410, 486, 488, 591 – sacralis intermedia, lateralis et me- – innervation –– vein 495, 644 –– vein 591 diana 125 –– of hindlimb 573 – extremity of vertebra 110,111,115, – tibial – sagittalis –– of neck 572 120 –– artery 490, 491, 493–494, –– externa 75, 81,95 –– of thoracic limb 572 – facet of thoracic vertebrae 113 733, 735 –– interna 82 – marginal pouch 620 – forearm region 724 –– ligament 269, 271 – sterni 128 – muscles 138, 633 – gluteal –– muscle 294, 296–297, 298, 300, – supramastoidea 95, 101 –– of back 140–141 –– artery 491, 731, 737 304, 306,308,772 – supraventricularis 475 –– of face 138, 685 –– nerve 574, 574, 575, 577,731, –– vein 496, 499 – transversa 179 –– of head 138, 140–142 737–739 – tracheobronchial lymph nodes 318 – tuberculi minoris 175 –– of neck 138, 140–141,700 –– vein 737 – vena cava 53, 471, 479, 484–485, – unguicularis 184 –– of trunk 138 – gonadal ligament 468 493, 495,496,498, 706–707 – urethralis 439 – omobrachial muscle 138 – groove of stomach 362 – vertebral notch 110, 111, 114, 117, – ventralis vertebrae 109–110 – papillae 777 – laryngeal 120, 122 Crop 753, 753 – plane of distal phalanx 187 –– artery 486, 488 – vertex of urinary bladder 429 – canal 753 – trunci reflex 519 –– nerve 409–410, 558, 558, 585, 695 – vesical artery 470 – channel 753 – zone 383, 384 – lobe of lung 414, 416, 416 Craniodorsal muscle of stomach – milk 753 Cuticle 766–767 – mammary 755, 756 Crown Cuticula pili 638 –– artery 649 Cranioventral – of ciliary body 601, 604 Cutis 634 –– vein 648–650 – muscle of stomach 755, 756 – of teeth 335 Cystic duct 386, 391, 392 – mediastinal lymph nodes 318, 507 – notch 249 Cruciate Cysticoenteric duct 755, 758, 758 – mediastinum 316, 316, 323 Cranium 74, 748 – chondroungular ligaments 210 Cystography 791 –– computed tomography (CT) 795 – internal surface 75 – groove 523, 525, 528, 529 – mesenteric – magnetic resonance imaging 800 – ligaments 269, 271, 271 D –– artery 321, 375, 376, 392–393, 490, Cremaster muscle 166, 437 –– magnetic resonance imaging 272 491–492, 755, 764 Cremasteric –– of sesamoid bones 199 Dartos tunic 436 –– ganglion 393,424,583, 585 – artery 490 –– rupture 274, 735 Deafness 698 –– lymph centre 508 – fascia 436, 438 – sesamoid ligaments 203, 204 Deciduous –– lymph nodes 372, 508 Crena marginis solearis 188,189 Crural – horn –– vein 373, 500 Crest 777 – fascia 280, 287 –– capsule 652 – nerves 62, 515, 548, 692, 771 – horn 674, 676 – region 732–733, 733 –– shoe 652, 656 –– dural sheaths 540 – of lesser tubercle 175 Crus – teeth 335 –– embryonic development 548 – of skin 634, 635 – caudal muscles 300 Decussatio –– innervation areas 560 – papillae 675 – costocoxale 165 – of lemniscus 534–535 –– neurological examinations 693 –– of hoof 674–675 – craniolateral muscles 298 – of nerve fibres 62 –– parasympathetic nuclei 585, 586 Cribbing or crib-biting of horse 152 – cunei lateralis et medialis 671 – pyramidum 521 –– sensory group 548 Cribriform – muscles 294, 300 Deep 26 – nuchal subligamental bursae 701 – area – of frog 672 – artery – oblique muscle of head 142, 148, –– of renal papilla 422, 425 – of helix 619 –– of penis 448 151, 153, 154, 158 –– of sclera 599, 606, 607 – of sole 664 –– of tongue, pulse palpation 690

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–– of upper arm 723 – permanentes 335 –– vein 579, 736, 738 – pads 650, 651, 656, 664, 672,777 – auricular muscles 144 – sectorius 343 – limb of convoluted tubule 422, –– blood supply 657 – brachial artery 485, 487 Dental 424–425 – region 726 – cervical – alveoli 88–91, 336 – nerve fibres 519 –– blood vessels 727 –– artery 483, 485, 489, 491, 706–707 – apical foramen 338 – pathways 534 –– nerves 727 –– fascia 700 – cavity 336, 338 – pectoral muscle 213, 216–217 –– tendons 726 –– lymph centre 505, 505, 507 – crown 338 – superficial pectoral muscle 220 – skeleton 184, 186, 187 –– lymph nodes 411, 504, 507 – formulae 339 Developing follicles 768 – synovial sheath 238, 241 –– vein 495, 706–707 – neck 338 Dewclaw 656, 660, 662, 664,669,669 –– of forearm 236, 236–239 – cervicoauricular muscle 144, 146 – pad 328, 330, 344 – ligaments 201 – veins 497 – circumflex – plate 689 – of small ruminants 669 Digital 3-D reconstructions 779 –– iliac artery 490, 493, 731, 738–739 – pulp 336 – skeleton 669 Digits 651, 748 –– iliac vein 499 – root 338 Diabetic cataract 697 – flexors 308 – coccygeal fascia 169 – star 337, 340, 343 Diagnostic imaging 790 – muscles 225, 235, 282, 749 – connective tissue layer 634 Dentate gyrus 530 Diagonal – short muscles 239 – cranial cervical lymph nodes 700 Denticulate ligament 540, 542 – conjugate diameter 249 – skeleton 235 – digital Dentin 337, 338–339, 690 – gyrus 531 – tendons and synovial sheaths 233 –– flexor muscle 194, 214–215, 228, – canaliculi 339 Diameter Dilator 47 233, 242, 297, 300, 302, 308, 311, Dentition – conjugata 249 – muscle of glottis 758 724 – of cat 340, 344 – of pelvic cavity 250 – muscle of pupil 603, 773 –– flexor tendon 202–203, 233, 236, – of dog 340, 344–345 – transversa 250 Diplegia 698 289, 301,302 – of horse 339–340, 341 – verticalis 250 Directional terms and planes 25–26, – facial – of ox 344, 346 Diapedesis 56 27 –– muscles 139 – of pig 343, 345 Diaphragm 161, 162, 315, 319, Discus(-i) –– vein 495 Deoxygenated blood 471, 474, 483 703–704, 747, 751 – germinalis 769 –– venous sinus 693 Depolarisation of heart 480 – innervation 161 – intercalares 476 – fascia Depressor 47 – muscular part 162 – intervertebralis 109 –– of abdomen 437 – muscle – openings 161, 319 – nervi optici 606 –– of head 137, 685 –– of concha 144 – passage of organs and tracts 703 Disjunction layer of epidermis –– of neck 137, 211 –– of lower lip 142, 142,143,150 – position between inspiration/ 635, 636 –– of tail 137–138 –– of tail 167 exspiration 162 Distal 26 –– of thoracic limb 211 –– of upper lip 140, 143 – rupture 163 – anular ligament 201, 202–204 –– of trunk 137, 168,211 – nerve 584 Diaphragma 161 – border of sesamoid bone 189 – femoral Dermal – pelvis 321 – branch of musculocutaneous –– artery 490, 491, 493–494, 736, 739 – papillae 636,654 – sellae 540, 542, 545 nerve 564, 569 –– vein 499, 736 – skeleton 73 Diaphragmatic – caudal femoral artery 493–494,733 – fibular nerve 576, 577–580,667, Dermis 634, 636 – flexure 377, 379–380, 381, 381, – convoluted tubule 424–425 678, 733–735, 739 – blood vessels 639 382–383 – cushion 662 – gluteal muscle 283, 286, 730 – collagenous fibres 674 – hernia 163 – digit 680 – inguinal – cornus 680 – pleura 315 – digital –– lymph nodes 509, 739 – coronae 661, 671 – surface –– anular ligament 236–237, 677, 726 –– ring 165, 166, 437, 714 – cunei 674 –– of lung 412 –– synovial sheath 238 – interdigital ligament 200 – limbi 661, 671 –– of spleen 511–512 – epiphysis 28, 29 – jugular vein 494 – nerves 637 – vertebra 114 – extremity – lymph nodes of head 505 – of bulb segment 664 Diaphysis 28, 29, 32 –– of femur 253, 255, 257 – palmar arch 677,726 – of bulbs 674 Diarthrosis 37 –– of fibula 261 – pectoral muscle 140, 215, 216, – of claw 652 Diastema 98, 108, 327, 340, 344, 690 –– of humerus 175 216–217, 220 – of coronary segment 671 Diastole 52, 55, 475–476, 481 –– of radius 178–179 – popliteal lymph nodes 666, 677, 732 – of distal phalanx 652, 674 Diencephalon 520, 520, 524, 771 –– of tibia 259, 261 – sensibility, receptors 59 – of frog 674 – functions 525 –– of ulna 181 – sphincter muscle of neck 138, 140 – of hoof 652, 672 Diffuse lymphatic system 57 – forelimb, fasciae 241 – superficial pectoral muscle 217 – of nail 652 Digastric – ganglion of vagus nerve 558, 558, – temporal – of perioplic segment 671 – branch of facial nerve 147, 556 585 –– artery 488 – of sole 663 – muscle 145, 147, 149–151, 216,347, – growth plate 29 –– nerves 552, 554–555 – of wall segment 662 350 – infrapatellar bursa 270, 275 Deferent – tori 664 Digestive – interdigital ligament 201, 202, 204, – duct 433, 434–435,7 436, 43 –439, Descemet membrane 599 – organs of head 689 233, 661 468, 757,765,765 Descending – system 26, 327, 751, 753 – interflexor muscles of foream 242 – mesoduct 436, 437–439, 736 – aorta 483, 491, 764,769 Digital – interphalangeal joints 173, 198–199, Deglutition 348 – branch of left coronary artery 484 – accessory ligament 311 201, 201,204,205, 660, 670 Dehorning 681 – colon 375–377, 379, 380, 383, 719, – anular ligament 239 – intertarsal joint 277 Deltoid 721 – arteries 486, 497 –– injection sites 279 – muscle 214–215, 217, 219, 221, 221, –– projection onto lateral body –– arteriogram 666 – ligaments of proximal sesamoid 226, 722, 782 wall 740 – bones 38–40, 172 bones 202 – tuberosity 175, 176–177 – duodenum 374, 374–375, 377–378, – cushion 241, 650, 652, 652,674 – loop of colon 383 Dendrites 60, 60, 519 383, 720–721, 755, 756, 756 –– veins 677 – metaphysis 29,34 Dens(-tes) 335 –– projection onto lateral body – flexor – navicular bone 660 – axis 110, 114–115, 130, 130 wall 740, 742–743 –– muscles 285, 295 – phalanx 173, 181–183, 184, 184, – canini 336 – genicular –– tendons 660 186, 187–188, 201–202, 204–205, – decidui 335 –– artery 494, 579, 733, 736, 738 – joint, innervation 580 266, 660, 670, 674, 680

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Distal, phalanx – perineural anaesthesia 91 – conchal sinus 93, 108, 691 – sacral foramina 124 –– blood vessels 675, 679 – persistent ductus arteriosus 704 – crest of urethra 439 – sacroiliac ligament 168, 265, 267 –– dermis 652 – projections of organs onto body – cricoarytenoid muscle 409, 409, – sagittal sinus 82, 546, 547 –– epidermis 654 surface 740, 742 411, 692 – scalene muscle 149–150, 152, 153 –– fracture 207, 730 – pulmonary lobes 417 – curvature of stomach 362 – scapular –– horny enclosure 651 – renal pelvis 429 – deep fascia of thoracic limb 211 –– artery 483, 489, 706 –– ligaments of cartilages 205 – skeleton 38, 217–218 – diaphragmatic flexure 377–378, 381 –– vein 706 –– oblique fractures 207 –– of carpus 231 – digital – serrate muscle 155,161 –– of horse 189 –– of digits 231 –– arteries 665, 667 – spinal root 515 –– subcutis 652 –– of pelvic limb 244 –– nerves 666, 668, 668 – straight muscle 598,611,611–612 –– suspension 674, 676 – sternomastoid muscle 213 –– veins 665, 668, 735 – superficial – plantar arch of veins 677 – sterno-occipital muscle 213 – gastric mesenteries 70 –– cervical lymph nodes 504 – radioulnar joint 193 – stifle joint 256 – horn 516, 517, 518 –– fibular nerve 735 – sesamoid – stomach 355, 357 – intercarpal ligaments 196 –– scutuloauricular muscle 144, 146 –– bones 187–188, 189, 201, 204, – superficial digital flexor muscle 232 – intercostal arteries 488 – surface 204–205, 660, 670 – tactile hairs 642 – intermediate groove 516, 518 –– of distal phalanx 189 –– ligaments 42, 198–202, 205 – thyroid gland 591 – intertransverse muscle 160 –– of tongue 329 – surface of teeth 336 – tracheal cartilages 411 – labial vein 648, 649, 649 – tarsal ligament 279 – tarsal – venipuncture of lateral saphenous – lateral groove 516, 518 – thalamus 524 –– bones 751 vein 496 – ligament – thoracic lymph centre 505 –– ligaments 279 – ventral cervical muscles 216–217 –– of coffin joint 201 – thorax, radiograph 116 – tibiofibular joint 274 Dolichocephalic skull 95 –– of distal interphalangeal joint 202 – tubercle 110, 112, 114 – umbilicus of feather 777, 778 Dome of diaphragm 117 –– of proximal interphalangeal – vagal trunk 393, 559, 584–585, Diverticulum – projection onto body surface 745 joint 203 706–707 – nasi 402 Doppler ultrasound 791 – longitudinal ligament 133, 133, 135 – vestibular area 94 – of stomach 353 Dorsal 26, 27 – margin of orbit 81 Dorsolateral spinal arteries 541 – tubae auditivae 626–627, 691, 695 – abomasial lymph nodes 370 – median Dorsum – vitellinum 756 – arch of atlas 114 –– groove 515, 516, 518 – auriculae 620 Divisio renalis cranialis, media – artery –– septum 517, 518 – linguae 331 et caudalis 763 –– of foot 491, 735 –– sulcus 517 – sellae turcicae 78, 100, 101 Dog –– of penis 448, 491 – mesentery 70, 71, 321, 370, 374, 752 Down feathers 778 – abdominal organs 711 – atlantoaxial membrane 131 – mesogastrium 70, 358–359, 367 Drawer sign, rupture of cruciate – absolute dullness 746 – atlanto-occipital membrane 130 – metatarsal ligaments 274 – apex beat of heart 746 – auricular muscles 144 –– arteries 490, 677 Duct of epididymis 435 – binocular vision 534 – axial –– artery III 490, 491, 493–494,675, Ductulus(-i) – blood pressure measurement 55 –– ligament 131 734–735 – efferentes 435 – castration 715 –– veins 735 – nasal – interlobulares 391 – claw 656 – blind sac of rumen 720 –– artery 486, 488 – prostatici 439 – dental formulae 339 – border –– concha 83–84, 100, 328, 400–401, Ductus – dentition 340, 344–345 –– of lung 412 402, 402, 405 – alveolares 413 – dome of diaphragm, projection onto –– of scapula 171, 175 –– meatus 83, 101, 400, 403 – arteriosus (Botalli) 483, 704 body surface 745 – branch/es –– region 686–687 – biliferi 391 – ethmoidal foramen 100 –– of cervical nerves 572 –– vein 692 – choledochus 321, 360, 374, 391 – extensor muscle of first and second –– of lumbar nerves 568 – nerve roots 517 – cochlearis 630 digits 229 –– of middle phalanx 569 – oblique muscle 598, 611, 611–612 – cysticoentericus 758 – eye 602 –– of middle phalanx nerve 570–571, – omental recess 359 – cysticus 391 – genital organs 433 580–581 – part – deferens 433, 436, 765 – head regions 686 –– of oculomotor nerve 549 –– of pons 521 – ejaculatorius 436, 441 – injection sites –– of proximal phalanx 569 –– or toe 670 – epididymidis 433, 764 –– of carpal joints 198 –– of proximal phalanx nerve 580–581 – pedal – excretorius 436, 441 –– of elbow joint 193 –– of spinal nerve 562, 563, 582 –– artery 490, 493–494 – hepatici 391 –– of hip joint 268 –– of thoracic nerves 572 –– vein 496 – hepaticoentericus communis 758 –– of hock 279 –– of ulnar nerve 567, 570 – plane 26 – hepaticus –– of shoulder joint 191 – buccal – pneumatic foramen 775 –– communis 391 –– of stifle joint 274 –– branch of facial nerve 557 – pouch –– sinister et dexter 391 – kidney 420, 426 –– glands 336 –– of distal interphalangeal joints – hepatocysticus 758 – lateral digital extensor muscle 229 –– nerve 555–556 201, 204 – lactiferi 643 – length of epididymal duct 436 – buccolabial branch 690 –– of metacarpal joints 200 – nasolacrimalis 614 – mammary glands 646 – carpal rete 485 –– of metacarpophalangeal joints – pancreaticus 391 – metacarpal bones 184 – carpometacarpal ligaments 196 198, 201, 208 – reuniens 628, 628 – nostrils 399 – coccygeal –– of pastern joints 200 – sacculocochlearis 776 – os penis 443, 445 –– artery 169 – process of vertebra 109 – thoracicus 58, 161, 319 – osteochondrosis dissecans –– vein 169 – pudendal vein 650 – venosus 388 (OCD) 206 – cochlear nuclei 534, 556 – radiocarpal bone 196 Duodenal – palpable bony structures 741 – colic artery 373 – region of neck 698, 701 – flexure 755 – pancreatic duct 393 – colon 381 – root – glands 372 – parathyroid glands 593 – column 516, 517, 518, 519, 519 –– of spinal ganglion 63, 582 – loop 753, 756 – patella 258 – common –– of spinal nerve 516, 518, 563 – mucosa 395 – pectoral muscles 216–217 –– digital nerves 666–667 – sac of rumen 361, 362–363, Duodenocolic fold 374, 376–377, 383 – pelvic cavity 251 –– digital vein II 499 368–369, 720 Duodenojejunal flexure 374

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Duodenum 327, 372, 374, 374, 377, Endocardium 476, 477 – tori 664, 674 Exocrine secretion 67 393, 756, 756 Endochondral ossification 31,33–34, – vital layers 654 Exostoses 31 – histological section 372 36 Epididymal duct 435, 435, 764 – of pastern joint 207 – projection onto lateral body wall 744 – zone/s 35 Epididymis 433, 433–434, 435, 435, Expiration Dura mater 539, 539–542 –– of calcification 35 437, 764 – closure of glottis 409 – encephali 540 –– of destruction 35, 35–36 Epidural – diaphragm 163 – spinalis 539 –– of hypertrophic chondrocytes 35, – cavity 542 Extensor 47 Dural venous sinuses 546 35–36 – rete mirabile 545–546, 548, 551 – carpi radialis muscle 749 Dynamics 309 –– of maturing chondrocytes 35, 36 – space 517, 539 – fossa of femur 253, 254–255, –– of proliferation 34 – venous plexus 545 257 E –– of resting chondrocytes 34, 35 –– haemorrhage 545 – groove 258, 259 Endocrine Epigastric lymph nodes 509 – muscle Ear 698, 775 – glands 26, 587, 772 Epiglottic cartilage 407, 407–408, –– of carpal joint 215 – blood vessels 698 – organs 587 410 –– of digit 223, 294, 298 – breed-specific forms 620 – pathways 537 Epiglottis 328–330, 349, 405, 407 –– of digital joints 214 – canal glands 642 – secretion 67 Epihyoid 93, 93, 99, 104 –– of first and second digits 229 – lobe 777 Endolymph 628, 630 – ligament 93 –– of hock joint 287, 291, 294–295 Eardrum 80, 620 Endolymphatic duct 628 Epimysium 44 –– of tarsus 294, 300 Earwax 620 Endometritis 463 Epineurium 62, 64 – process Eccrine sweat glands 641 Endometrium 463, 469 Epiorchium 437 –– of distal phalanx 188, 189 Ectoturbinates (ectoturbinalia) 83, 86, – structural changes 719 Epiphyseal growth plates 29, 34, 256 –– of middle phalanx 187 90, 102, 108, 401–402 Endomysium 44, 45 Epiphysis 28, 29, 524, 532, 588, – retinaculum of forearm 196, 230, Effector organ 519 Endoneurium 62, 64 772 232 Efferent Endorphine 65 – histological section 36 External 26 – arterioles of glomerulus 425 Endorrhachis 539 Epiploic foramen 359, 360, 369, – acoustic meatus 79–80, 80, 95, 99, – ducts of testis 435 Endoscopy 66, 790, 803 378, 393 105, 129, 619, 620, 624, 626 – lymph vessels 501, 502 – of trachea 702 Epiploon 359 –– entrance 619 – motor fibres of spinal nerve 562 Endosteum 27, 30–31, 32 Epistaxis 696 – anal sphincter muscle 322 – motor nerves 59 Endotendineum 45 Epitendineum 44, 45 – auditory apparatus 95 – nerve fibres 59, 63 Endothelial Epithalamus 524 – capsule 526, 529, 532 – neurons 518–519 – cells 54 Epithelium 66 – carotid artery 486, 488, 696, 700 – venous system 497 – layer of capillaries 56 – anterius 599 – ear 619, 775 – visceral pathways 538 Endothelium 55 – camerae anterioris 599 –– muscles 139, 143, 146 Egg Endothoracic fascia 70, 138, 161, – connective tissue layer 67 – fascia 69 – development 767 316–317, 703 – lentis 607 –– of thigh 287 – membranes 767 Endoturbinates (endoturbinalia) – mucosae 66, 352 – female genital organs 467 – structure 767, 769 83–84, 86–87, 90, 100, 108, 109, 401, – muscle layer 68 – iliac – tooth 777 402–403 – pigmentosum 603 –– artery 325, 470, 490, 491, 493–494, – white (albumen) 766 Endotympanic part of tympanic Epitympanicum 621, 698 649, 731, 738, 764 Ejaculation 448 cavity 80 Eponychium 652 –– lymph nodes 509 Ejaculatory duct 436, 441 Enteric Equator –– vein 496, 498, 649 Elastic – nervous system 63 – of globe 597, 597 – intercartilaginous muscles 158 – cartilage 28 – plexus 563,584 – of lens 603, 607 – intercostal muscles 154–156, 158, – fibres of dermis 634 Enteroceptors 59 Equilibrium of body 309 160–161, 285 Elastin 28 Entoglossum 753 Erection 448 – jugular vein 485, 494, 495, 496, Elbow joint 173, 175, 177, 178, 191, Entrance of omental bursa 359 Erythropoietin 419 497–498, 689, 701, 701 192–195 Ependymal Ethmoidal –– intravenous injection 702 – collateral ligaments 175 – cells 61, 65 – artery 487, 488 – lamina of ethmoid bone 82 – injection sites 193 – epithelium 541 – bone 79,82 – leaf of rectus sheath 165 – ligaments 193 Epicardium 471, 477 – conchae 348–349, 403 – nasal branch of infraorbital – luxation 206 Epicondylus lateralis/medialis – crest 84 nerve 553 – lymph node 564 humeri 175 – foramen 77, 81, 82, 94, 100, 102, – nose 398 – muscles 221, 222, 224–225, 749 Epidermis 635, 636, 638, 676 105, 551 – oblique Elbow region 723, 724 – cornification 635 – fossa 82, 104, 106, 528 –– abdominal muscle 69, 164, 164, Ellipsoidal joint 40–41, 43 , 130 – cornus 680 – labyrinth 82 166, 167, 168, 216 Embryology 24 – coronae 661, 671 – meatus 82 –– fibres 354 Embryonic vertebrae 31 – cunei 674 – nerve 94, 551, 552 – obturator muscle 293, 295–296, Eminentia – free nerve endings 637 Ethmoturbinates (ethmoturbinalia) 298, 730 – iliopubica 243 – keratinisation 635 82–83, 87, 100, 103 – occipital protuberance 75, 95, 101, – intercondylaris 258 – layers 635, 636 Eustachian tube 623 111, 129 – medialis 523 – limbi 661 Excavatio – opening of urethra 445 Emotional behaviour, limbic – lymphatic drainage 637 – pubovesicalis 319, 323 – ophthalmic system 528 – of bulb segment 664, 674 – rectogenitalis 319, 323 –– artery 487, 615, 687–688, 697 Enamel 336, 338 – of coronary segment 671 – vesicogenitalis 319, 323 –– vein 615, 688, 688, 697 Encephalic dura mater 539, 540, 540, – of distal phalanx 654, 674 Excitatory – orifice 542 – of frog 674 – neurons 61 –– of inguinal canal 164 Encephalon 61, 520, 771 – of perioplic segment 671 – synapse 65 –– of urethra 466 End arteries 53 – of sole 663 Excretory –– of uterus 463 End bulbs of Krause 637 – of wall segment 662 – duct 436, 441 – parathyroid glands 593 Endbrain 61 – parietis 662 – urography 791 – part of ear 102

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External F – capitis – vein 297, 325, 496, 499, 579, 736, 738 – pudendal –– profunda 137 Femoropatellar –– artery 448, 490, 493, 644, 648–649, Fabellae 253, 256, 270, 271 –– superficialis 137 – joint 253, 269, 732 738 Facial – caudae profunda 137–138 –– injection sites 274 –– vein 499, 644, 648–650, 716 – area 94 – cervicalis – ligaments 269, 270, 273, 275 – sagittal – artery 486, 488, 488–489, 689, 692 –– profunda 137, 211, 700 Femorotibial –– crest 75, 80,81,82, 88, 95, 96, 105, –– pulse palpation 488, 686 –– superficialis 137, 700 – joint 253, 268, 274, 732 129 – canal 554, 556 – cremasterica 437 –– injection sites 274 –– sinus 97 – crest 85, 87, 103, 107–108, 685 – cruris 280, 286 – ligaments 269, 270, 273 – spermatic fascia 436, 437, 437–438, – cutaneous muscle 685 – diaphragmatica pelvis 280 Femur 38–40, 252, 254–255, 749 714 – muscles 139 – dorsalis manus 211 Fenestra vestibuli 622 – surface of face 87 – nerve (VII) 80, 94, 347, 521, 522, – endothoracica 70, 138, 161 Fertilisation 459 – theca cells 453, 596 524, 527–528, 550, 554, 556–557, – femoralis 280 Fetlock joint 198, 200, 205, 208, 662 – thoracic 615, 687, 689, 692, 700 – genus 280 – chronic proliferative synovitis 207 –– artery 484 –– central paralysis 694, 698 – glutealis 280 – distal ligaments 200 –– vein 495, 705 –– motor nucleus 694 – iliaca 138, 280 – injection sites 200, 203 – tympaniform membrane 759 –– neurological examination 694 – lata 280, 286 – ligaments 200–202 – urethral opening 430 –– paralysis 556, 687, 695, 698 – of head 137 – middle ligaments 200 – uterine ostium 460, 466 –– peripheral paralysis 694 – of stifle joint 280 – osteochondrosis 207 – vexillum 777 –– preganglionic parasympathetic – palmaris manus 211 – stabilisation 312 Exteroceptive sensibility 59 fibres 554 – pelvica 138 – tufts 639 Extracolumellar cartilage 775 – notch 91, 98, 104, 686 – pharyngobasilaris 137 Fibra(-ae) Extrahepatic bile ducts 391 – part – profunda 50 – lentis 607 Extralemniscal system 533, 538 –– of lacrimal bone 85 – spermatica – longitudinales 354 Extraorbital muscles of eyelids 139, –– of skull 84 –– externa 436 – obliquae externae/internae 354 142, 143 – surface of maxilla 85, 88, 88 –– interna 70, 436 – perforantes 36 Extraperitoneal 71 – tuber 685 – spinocostotransversalis 137 Fibrillary astrocytes 62 Extrapyramidal – tubercle 87 – subdartoica 437 Fibroblasts 28 – motor pathway 524 – vein 142, 495, 689, 692 – superficialis 50 Fibrocartilage 28 – system 537 Facies 84 – temporalis 137 – of patella 256 Extreme capsule 532 – articularis – thoracolumbalis 137 – unions 37 Extremitas –– carpea 179 – transversalis 70, 138, 161, 280 Fibrocartilaginous disc of temporo- – cranialis/caudalis vertebrae 109 –– cranialis/caudalis 110 – trunci mandibular joint 128, 345 – distalis/proximalis tibiae 258 –– fibularis 258 –– interna 70, 319 Fibrocartilago parapatellaris Eye 597, 600, 602, 696, 772 –– phalangis 184 –– profunda 137, 211 medialis 256 – adnexa 608 –– tuberculi costae 126 –– superficialis 137 Fibrous – auxiliary organs 696 – aspera 253 Fasciculus(-i) 62 – cartilage 28 – avascular structures 608 – atrialis 473 – atrioventricularis 480 – cord of dura mater 539 – blood vessels 615, 697 – auricularis – cuneatus 531 – joint 37 – colour 697 –– of heart 473 – gracilis 531 – pericardium 471–472 – enucleation 697 –– of ilium 243 – proprius 519 – ring of intervertebral disc 131, 132, – magnetic resonance imaging 610 – contactus 652, 655 Fat bone marrow 34 133, 517 – orbicular muscle 143 – costalis 412 Feather 777, 778 – skeleton of heart 473 – refractive index 608 – costalis seu medialis scapulae 171 – moulting 778 – union 37 – sympathetic innervation 583 – diaphragmatica 412 Featherless body regions 777 Fibula 38–40, 256, 259, 260, 748, 749 Eyeball 597, 597–599, 687, 696 – facialis ossis lacrimalis 85 Female Fibular – blood supply 615 – fornicis 652 – gametes 449 – collateral ligament 269 – chambers 598 – glutea 243 – genital organs 449, 449–451, – nerve 568, 573–574, 657, 734, 772 – directional terms/planes 597 – iliaca 243 463–464, 765, 768 – tarsal bone 261 – external/internal axis 597 – labialis –– blood supply 469, 470 Filament-like synovial villi 42 – extrinsic muscles 610, 611, –– mandibulae 90 –– during fetal development 468, 469 Filiform papillae 330 612, 612 –– ossis incisivi 88 –– innervation 470 Filoplumes (filoplumae) 778 – fasciae 610 – lingualis mandibulae 90 –– ligaments (adnexa) 467 Filum terminale 515, 539 – fibrous layer 598, 599 – mediastinalis 412 –– lymphatics 470 Fimbriae of uterine tube 458,459,459, – inner layer 599, 603, 773 – palatina ossis incisivi 88 –– muscles 469 462 – layers 598 – poplitea 253 – urethra 430 First – middle layer 773 – pterygopalatina 88 Femoral – metacarpal bone 184 – movements 611 – sacropelvina 243 – artery 297, 325, 490, 491, 493–494, – neuron of retina 604 – of birds 772 – serrata scapulae 171 579, 736, 738–739 – tarsal bone 261 – of chicken 774 – solearis 184, 652, 655, 661 –– pulse palpation 490, 732 First-order bronchi 760 – retractor muscles 611 Falciform ligament 71, 319, 360, – canal 490, 579, 731 Fissura – vascular layer 599, 600 385–386, 389, 714, 757 – fascia 166, 280 – mediana ventralis 515, 517 Eyelashes 639, 640 False – head 252–253 – orbitalis 97, 100, 102, 105 Eyelids 612, 613 – nostril 402, 685 – lamina 164, 282 – palatina 88 – extraorbital muscles 139, 142, 143 – ribs 126 – ligament of lateral meniscus 269 – petro-occipitale 75 – layers 612 Falx cerebri 540, 541–542 – lymphatic vessel 770 – thyroidea 407 – muscles 687 Fascia 50 – nerve 568, 571, 574, 575, 577, 731, Fistulography 791 – tarsal glands 641 – antebrachii 211 739, 772 Flat – axillaris 137, 211 – region 731 – bones 29 – brachialis 211 – trochlea 253 – suture 37

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Flexor – magnum 73–74, 83, 89–90,95,98, – masseterica 91 – of central nerve fibres 62 – muscle/s 47 101, 130 – of glans of penis 445, 447 – spermaticus 436, 438 –– of carpal joint 215, 223 – mandibulae 91 – of lacrimal sac 80 – ventrolateralis 519 –– of digital joints 214, 294, 308 – maxillare 87–88, 103 – olecrani 175, 181 Furcula 748, 750 –– of hock joint 285, 291, 294 – mentale 91, 736 – ovarii 451 –– of shoulder joint 566 – obturatum 243 – paralumbalis 365, 709 G –– of stifle joint 294 – omentale (epiploicum) 719 – pararectalis 323 –– of tarsus 294, 298, 300 – orbitorotundum 549 – pterygoidea 91 Gaits 313 – retinaculum of forearm 196, – ovale 98, 100 – pterygopalatina 87, 97, 103 Galea 777 231–232 – palatinum – rhomboidea 523 Gallbladder 378, 386,391,720–721, – surface –– caudale 88, 103 – sacci lacrimalis 85 756, 758, 758 –– of digital phalanx 187 –– majus 88 – subscapularis 171 Gallop 313, 314 –– of distal phalanx 189 – pneumaticum 748 – supracondylaris 253 GALT (gut-associated lymphatic –– of navicular bone 187 – retroauriculare 79 – supraspinata 171 tissue) 57 – tubercle of distal phalanx 184, 184 – rotundum 78, 89, 94, 100, 102, – synoviales 37 Galvayne’s groove 340 – tuberosity of middle phalanx 187, 105, 549 – temporalis 81, 95 Gametes 433 189 – sacralia dorsalia/ventralia 125 – trochanterica 253 Ganglion cells 60 Flexura – sinus sagittalis 99 Fossulae spermaticae 767 Ganglion(-ia) 60, 63 – centralis 383 – soleare axiale et abaxiale 184 Four-headed muscles 47 – cervicale – diaphragmatica dorsalis/ – sphenopalatinum 88, 103 Fourth ventricle 520, 521, 523, 527, –– craniale 582 ventralis 381 – stylomastoideum 80 541, 543, 771 –– medium 582 – duodeni cranialis/caudalis 374 – supracondylare 177 Fovea – cervicothoracicum seu stellatum 582 – duodenojejunalis 374, 719 – supratrochleare 177 – articularis – ciliare 586 – pelvina 381 – transversarium 110, 112 –– caudalis 113, 130 – cochleare 776 – sigmoidea penis 445 – trochleare 105, 549 –– cranialis 110, 113, 130 – coeliacum 424 Flight – venae cavae 69, 161, 319 – capitis – distale nervi vagi 410 – feathers 778 – vertebrae 73 –– femoris 252 – geniculi 554 – muscles, intramuscular injection 751 – vertebrale 109 –– radii 178 – mesentericum craniale 425 Floating ribs 119, 126 –– laterale 110–111 – costalis 113–114 – nodosum n. vagi 558 Flocculonodular lobe 522 Forearm 177, 178–180 –– caudalis 112, 114 – of head 539 Floor – pronators 223 –– cranialis 114 – of sympathetic trunk 582 – of claw fold 656 – region 724 – dentis 110, 130 – spinale 63 – of pelvis 249 – skeleton 177 – trochlearis 97 Ganglionic layer of retina 604, 606, 606 – plate of ethmoid bone 82 – supinators 223 Foveolae gastricae 354, 354 Gaseous exchange 397 Foliate Forebrain 520 Fracture healing 31 Gaster 353, 754, 755 – papillae 330, 331 Forefoot Free Gastric – suture 37 – flexor 242 – joint bodies 37 – arteries 358, 369 Folium cerebelli 522 – nerves 571 – nerve endings of epidermis 637 – glands 354, 356–357 Follicle 719 Forelimb 171 – taenia 379 – groove 365,367 Follicle-stimulating hormone – blood vessels 677 Frenulum linguae 329 – innervation 370 (FSH) 588 – bony structures 727 Frog 670–671, 672, 673, 673, 674 – isthmus 755–756 Follicular – innervation of joints 568 – dermis/epidermis 674 – lymph nodes 507, 507–508 – cavity 453, 455 – musculature 722 – horn 679 – mucosa 353, 358 – epithelial cells 453 – nerves 570 Frontal – spindle 361, 367 Folliculus pili 638 – orientation points 727 – bone 74–75, 79, 81, 97 – surface of spleen 511–512 Foot 201–202, 670 – protraction 309 – lobe 523, 525, 529, 529, 539 – wall, structure 354 – arteriogram 678 – protractor muscles 309 – muscle 138, 685, 689 Gastrocnemius muscle 284–285, 289– – ligaments 203–204 – regions 722, 723 – nerve 94, 551, 552, 555, 560, 615, 290, 295– 296, 300, 301, 305–306, – of horse 670 Forestomach 360 687 308, 772 – palmar nerves 666 Fornix 526–527, 530, 538–539 – process Gastroduodenal – skeleton 182–183 Fossa(-ae) –– of skin 777 – artery 489 Footpad 650–651, 651,652,653, 658, – atlantis 110 –– of zygomatic bone 88, 95, 101, 101 – vein 500 671, 672,673 – canina 87 – region 686–687 Gastroepiploic arteries 358, 369, 393 – skin glands 642 – clitoridis 465 – sinus 79, 90, 93, 97, 101, 101–102, Gastrointestinal tract 321, 327, 753, Foramen(-ina) – cranii 104, 106–107, 108, 109, 402–403, 755 – alare 110 –– caudalis 74, 100, 104–105 404, 405,691 Gastrophrenic ligament 358, 360 –– caudale 79, 103 –– medialis 78, 100, 104 –– inflammation 405 Gastrosplenic ligament 319, 513 –– rostrale 79, 97, 102 –– rostralis 78, 100, 104 – squama 81 Gelatinous – apicis dentis 336 – extensoria 253 Frontomaxillary opening 108 – body 772 – cochleae 622 – for lacrimal sac 79, 82, 101, 102 Frontoscutular muscle 143, 146, 688 – marrow 34 – epiploicum 378 – glandis 445 Fructose 441 – zone of spinal cord 518 – ethmoidale 81, 102 – glandulae Functional imaging 790 Gemellus muscles 291, 293, 295, 298, – for muscle of columella 775 –– lacrimalis 81, 102 Fundic gastric glands 354, 354, 357 730 – infraorbitale 87, 103, 736 –– supraorbitalis 81 Fundus ventriculi 353, 356 General – intervertebrale 109, 112 – glandulares infundibuli 766 Fungiform papillae 331–332 – anaesthesia, magnetic resonance – ischiadicum majus/minus 266 – hypophysialis 78 Funicular part of nuchal ligament 130, imaging 802 – jugulare 74–75, 98, 100 – infraspinata 171 134, 136, 158, 497, 701 – somatic afferent pathways 530 – lacerum 78, 83, 94, 103, 105, 106, – intratorica 671 Funiculus Genicular arteries 490, 733 129 – linguae 690 – dorsalis 519 Geniculate ganglion 550, 554, 556,694 – lacrimale 88 – mandibularis 79, 102, 128, 345 – nuchae 133 Geniculo-occipital tract 617

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Genioglossus muscle 331 – uropygialis 776, 777 Graafian follicle 452, 453, 457, 718 – idiopathic lesions 559 Geniohyoid muscle 151, 348, 349, 349 – uterinae 766 Gracile nucleus 534–535 – infection 559, 623, 698 Genital organs – venti 776 Gracilis muscle 166, 282, 288–290, – inflammation 557, 698 – examination 718–719, 722 – vesicularis 439, 441 291, 294, 305–306 Gyri cerebri 525, 528 – female, see Female genital organs – vestibulares (majores/minores) 464 Granula iridica 603 – male, see Male genital organs – zygomatica 328 Granular layer of epidermis 635, 636, H – rectal examination 718 Glandular 654 Genital plica 322, 326 – alveoles 646 Granulationes arachnoidales 540 Habenula 524 Genitofemoral nerve 570, 573–574, – epithelium 67 Granulosa cells 451 Habenular 575, 577, 645, 708, 731, 736, – stomach 753, 754, 755 Great – commissure 524 738–739 –– follicles 768 – auricular nerve 562, 689–690, – nuclei 524 Genu costae 127 Glans 692–693 Hair 635, 638, 640–641 Germinal centres of lymph nodes 501 – clitoridis 465 – cerebral vein 546 – bulb 638, 641 Gingiva 336–337 – penis 433, 443, 445, 447 – coronary vein 477, 479, 480 – coat types 639 Ginglymus 40–41, 191 –– blood vessels 445 Greater – colour 638 Gland sinus 647–648 –– keratinised papillae 445 – adductor muscle of thigh 290–291, – crest 639, 643 Glands Glaucoma 599, 608, 697 292, 296–297 – crosses 639 – of ear canal 642 Glenohumeral joint 171 – curvature 353, 356–357, 362, 367 – follicle 638–639, 641 – of infraorbital pouch 642 Glenoid – ischiatic foramina 266 – of tragus 639 – of inguinal pouch 642 – cavity 171, 174–175,190,190–191, – omentum 70, 71, 358–359, 360, 367, – papilla 638, 641 – of interdigital pouch 642 783 368, 369 – partings 639 Glandula(-ae) –– lesions 206 – palatine – root 638 – adrenales 593 – lip 190, 190 –– artery 94, 487, 488 – shaft 638, 641 – ampulla ductus deferentis 439 Glia limitans 61 –– canal 98 – streams 639 – auriculares 776 Glial –– foramina 77,88,89, 94, 98, 103, – types 638 – buccales 328 – cells 58, 60–61 108, 552, 553 – vessels 56 – bulbourethralis 439, 441 –– of retina 604 –– nerve 94, 103, 552, 553, 555 – whorls 639, 643 – cardiacae 354 – limiting membrane of neural – petrosal nerve 94, 552–553, 554 Half-closed castration 715 – carpeae 641–642 tissue 540 –– neurological examination 694 Hamate process 171, 175, 783 – caudae 641 Gliding joint 41 – psoas muscle 281, 283, 294 Hammer 622 – ceruminosae 641–642 Gliocytes 58, 60–61 – sciatic notch 243, 248–250 Hamstring muscles 48, 284–285,287, – circumanales 641 Globus pallidus 526 – splanchnic nerve 583, 583 731 – circumorales 641 Glomerular capsule 421, 424 – trochanter 123, 253, 254–255 Hamulus pterygoideus/of pterygoid – cornuales 641–642 Glomerulus 421, 424, 425 – tubercle of humerus 173,175, bone 77, 79, 83, 89, 90, 98, 105, 109 – cutis 633 – capillary loops 422–423 176–177, 190 Haplodont 336, 340, 344 – endocrinae 587 Glomus – vestibular glands 464 Hard – gastricae 67, 354 – aorticum 596 Grey – cornification 637 –– propriae 354 – caroticum 486, 596 – matter 61 – palate 97, 97, 98, 103, 103, 108, 328, – genitales accessoriae 433, 439 Glossa 329 –– blood supply 545 329, 348 – intestinales 67, 371 Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX) 331, 521, –– of cerebrum 525 Hassall bodies 511 – lacrimalis 614 524, 527, 550, 557, 557–558, 560, –– of spinal cord 517, 518 Haustra 372, 379–380 – mammaria 643 585, 693–695, 696, 696, 700 –– of ventral column 535 Haversian – mandibularis 334 Glottic cleft 408, 408, 411 – tuber of third ventricle 524, 524, – blood vessel 32–33,35 – mentales 642 Glottis 754, 758 533, 538 – canal 32, 35 – nasales 758 Glucagon 596 Greyscale values – lamellae 33,35 – odorifera 641 Glucocorticoids 595 – computed tomography (CT) 792 – system 35 – palpebrae tertiae 614 Gluteal – imaging processes 790 Head –– profunda/superficialis 614 – artery 737 – ultrasound 791 – computed tomography (CT) – paracaruncularis 333 – fascia 280 Grit 754, 755 793–794,795 – parathyroideae 592 – line 243, 250–251 Grooves – cutaneous muscles 138, 140–141 – parotis 334 – nerve 738 – of cerebrum 528 – deep muscles, spinal and – pinealis 524, 588 – region 732, 732 – of skin 634, 635 transversospinal system 157 – pituitaria 587 –– palpation 730 Growth hormone (GH) 588 – digestive organs 689 – pyloricae 354 – surface of ilium 243 Guard hairs 638–639, 640 – fasciae 137 – sacci paranales 384 – vein 737 Gubernaculum testis 433 – foramina for injections 736 – salivariae majores/minores 333 Gluteobiceps muscle 283, 285, Gums 336–337, 338 – joints 128 – sebaceae 641 2878 –28 Gustatory – long muscles 159 – sinus Gluteofemoral muscle 283, 730 – area 530 – lymph nodes 504, 504 –– inguinalis 641–642 Glycosaminoglycans 28 – organs 524 – magnetic resonance imaging 623, –– interdigitalis 641–642 Goat – papillae 329 780, 781, 799 –– lingualis 641 – pulmonary lobes 417 –– taste buds 330 –– 3-D reconstruction 799–801 –– paranalis 641 – sternocephalic muscle 211 Gut-associated lymphatic tissue – muscles 139, 749 – sublingualis 334–335 – sternomandibular muscle 211 (GALT) 57 – of epididymis 435, 435, 439 –– minoris 333 – tracheal cartilages 411 Guttural pouch 149, 334, 403, 623, – of femur 254–255 – sudoriferae 641 Goblet cells 67 626–627, 691, 694, 695, 695–696 –– luxation 268 – suprarenales 593 Goethe’s bone 89 – aspergillosis 692, 695–696 – of fibula 260 – thyroidea 589 Goll’s column 518, 531, 534 – catheterisation 695 – of humerus 175, 176–177, 190, – tori 642 Gomphosis 37 – disease 331 190–191, 750 – tubi infundibulares 766 Gonadal primordium 449 – endoscopy 803 –– displacement 206 – uretericae 426 Gonadotrophic hormones 588 – function 628 – of malleus 621, 622, 625

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– of mandible 98, 105 Hepar 757 – region 733 –– cavity, examination 718 – of metacarpal bone 183 Hepatic Hoof 651, 653, 655, 659, 662, 664 –– hernia 714 – of muscle 46 – artery 358, 359, 386, 388, 390, 392, – arteries 664, 675 –– organs 712–713 – of radius 178, 178–180 489, 492,497 – base surface 655 – absolute dullness 746 – of rib 126, 126 – ducts 391 – biomechanics 678 – apex beat of heart 746 – of stapes 625 – ligaments 757 – capsule 651, 654, 661 – basihyoid 92 – of talus 262 – lobes 385 –– chronic laminitis 207 – broadest muscle of back 213 – of tapes 622 – lobules 385, 385, 390 – cartilage 206, 495, 677 – caecum 379 – palpable bony structures 737 – lymph nodes 507–509 – definition 660 – carpal bones 182, 184, 234 – paramedian section 781 – peritoneal – dermis 672 –– exostoses 206 – regions 685, 686–687, 690–691 –– cavities 751 – form 660 – carpus –– clinical applications 689 –– sacs 757 – functions 651, 661 –– muscles 234–235 – short muscles, intertransversal and – plexus 584 – ground surface 661, 670, 673 –– skeleton 234–235 spinal system 159 – porta 385, 388, 389, 757, 758 – horn production 679 – coffin joint 204, 209 – skeleton 73–74 – veins 388, 390, 497, 498–500, 757 – of cow/ox 660 – colon 381, 382 – specific muscles 147 Hepatocystic duct 758 – of horse 669, 672 – common digital extensor muscle 228 – stratigraphy 685 Hepatocytes 385, 390 – of pelvic limb, innervation 678 – cranial cavities 104, 106 – superficial muscles 142, 144, Hepatoduodenal ligament 71, – of pig 659, 669, 669 – cribbing or crib-biting 152 150–151 359–360, 374, 391, 757 – of ruminants 659 – cryptorchidism 715 – topographical anatomy 685, 689– Hepatoenteric duct 755, 758 – of small ruminants 668, 669 – deep pectoral muscle 216 690 Hepatogastric ligament 71, 319, – of thoracic limb 660, 677 – dental formulae 339 – topography 692–693 359–360, 391 –– dorsal nerves 666–667 – dentition 339–340, 341 – transverse section 400–401, 780 Hepatorenal ligament 392 –– palmar nerves 666 – digital skeleton 186 – veins 493, 495 Hernia inguinalis 438 – quarters 670, 672 – distal interphalangeal joint 204 Head zones 538, 562, 637 Heterodonty 335 – segments 652, 661, 671 – dome of diaphragm, projection onto Heart 52, 471, 472, 473, 474–477, 752 Hiatus – shock absorber 661 body surface 745 – and reticulum, relationship 367 – aorticus 69, 319, 483 – sole 661 – dorsal/ventral conchal sinus 404 – apex beat 746 – oesophageus 69, 161, 319 – trimming and shoeing 679 – endoscopy 803 – audibility of valve sounds 746 High pressure dispersion system 52 – vascularisation 25 – eye 602–604 – blood supply 477, 704 Hillock of ovarian follicle 451, 453 – veins 665, 675 – fetlock joint 208 – conducting system 480, 480–481 Hilus 68 – venous system 665 –– ligaments 202 – contractility (ionotropy) 481 – of lymph node 501, 502–503 – wall 670, 673 – footpad 673 – depolarisation 480 – of muscle 44 Hoofnail 675 – gaits 313 – dilation 477 – of spleen 511–512, 514 Horizontal – guttural pouch disease 331 – discontinual pump action 55 Hindbrain 520 – ligaments of carpus 195 – head regions 687 – functions 52, 481 Hindfoot 259 – plane 27 – hip bones 251, 251 – hypertrophy 477 – nerves 580–581 – plate of palatine bone 86, 89, 108 – hoof 669, 672 – innervation 481 – skeleton 259 – septum of coelomic cavity 751, 752, – infraorbital foramen 686 – lymphatics 481 Hindlimb 243, 730 759 – injection sites – musculature 43 – arteries 731 Horn 634, 654, 679, 682 –– of carpal joints 198 – orifices 473 – blood vessels 677 – blood supply 681, 683 –– of coffin joint 205 – pacemaker rate (chronotropy) 481 – cutaneous innervation 573 – bovine 680 –– of elbow joint 193 – position 472, 746 – innervation 567 – capsule 651, 654 –– of femoropatellar joint 274 – pressure pump 57 –– of joints 580 – caudal growth 683 –– of femorotibial joint 274 – projection onto body surface 746 – muscles 304–307 – cell junction 654 –– of fetlock joint 203 – sac 471 – nerves 568, 577 – cells 655 –– of hip joint 268 – shape 473 – protraction 309 – cornification 664 –– of shoulder joint 191 – size 472 – regions 730, 732, 732–734 – formation 635 –– of stifle joint 274 – sounds 482 – retractor muscles 309 – functions 655 – intertubercular bursa 191 – surface topography 473 – skeleton 304–306 – glands 642 – kidney 423 – ultrasonogram 792 – topography 736–739 – growth 680 – laparotomy 715 – valves 52 Hinge joint 40–41, 43, 191, 195, 198, – of alar cartilage 398, 402 – larynx 408, 692 Heel 670, 670 200 – of small ruminants 681 – lateral digital extensor muscle 229 – bulbs 652, 674–675 Hip bones 243, 246–248, 250–251 – of uterus 459, 460, 460–463, 469, – length of epididymal duct 436 Helical horn 681–682 Hip dysplasia (HD) 268, 292, 735 469 – mammary glands 650 Helicotrema 630, 630–631 Hip joint 267 – production 679 – masseter muscle 145 Helmet 777 – dysplasia 268 – quality 655 – metacarpal bones 183 Hemal – fractures 268 – sheath 683 – metacarpophalangeal joints 201, 205 – arch 110, 125, 125 – injection sites 268 – shoe 654, 656, 665 – nostrils 685 –– bone 125 – innervation 580 – structure 654 – of thoracic limb, extrinsic and intrin- – nodes 505 – ligaments 267, 269 – thermal isolator 655 sic musculature 215 – process 125, 125 – luxation 268 – tubules 655 – oral cavity 102 Hematopoiesis 30, 34, 36, 52 – muscles 282 Horner’s syndrome 583 – palpable bony structures 741 Hemiplegia – radiograph 252 Horny – pancreatic duct 393 – laryngis 692, 703 – region 730, 732, 732 – enclosure of distal phalanx 651 – paranasal sinuses 108 – of recurrent laryngeal nerve Hippocampus 525, 526–527, 530–532, – laminae 655 – parathyroid glands 593 408, 411 538, 544 – layer 635, 636, 654 – pastern joint 203 Hemisphere Hock 276 – sheath 777 – pelvic cavity 252 – of cerebellum 522 – injection sites 279 Horse –– examination 718 – of cerebrum 529 – innervation 580 – abdominal – perineural anaesthesia 91

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Horse Hyperkeratosis 635 Iliohypogastric nerve 570, 575, 577, Inclinatio pelvis 250 – permanent dentition 339, 341 Hypertrophy 645, 708, 731, 739 Incongruent – petrosal crest 80 – of heart 477 Ilioinguinal nerve 570, 575, 577, 645, – hinge joint 268 – phalangeal joints 201, 206–207 – of prostate 441 708, 731, 738 – joints 41 – pharynx 691 Hypobronchial apparatus 754 Iliolumbal artery 491, 731 Incudomalleolar articulation 625 – projections of organs onto body Hypocalcaemia, bilateral thyroidectomy Iliopsoas muscle 280, 281–282, 283, Incus 80, 621–622, 625, 628 surface 743–744, 745 of parathyroid glands 593 290–291 Indirect ossification 32 – pulse palpation of facial artery 488, Hypochondric region 705, 708 Iliopubic eminence 243, 248, 251 Infarction 56 687 Hypogastric nerve 325, 575, 583, 584 Iliosacral Inferior 26 – renal pelvis 428 Hypoglossal – lymph centre 508 – alveolar – replacement of incisors 340 – canal 77, 89, 94, 98, 101 – lymph nodes 430 –– artery 487, 488, 693 – sagittal laparotomy 715 – muscle 592 Ilium 122–123, 243, 246–251, 748,749 –– nerve 553, 554–555, 560, 693, 694 – shoulder joint, abnormal find- – nerve (XII) 94, 521, 524, 528, 550, Imaging processes 779 –– vein 693 ings 206 557–558, 559–560, 693–695, 696, – colour-coded values 790 – check ligament 237 – skeleton 40 696, 700 – greyscale 790 – conjunctival fornix 599 –– of pelvic limb 245 –– iatrogenic paralysis 696 Immature bone 32 – labial –– of thoracic limb 219 –– paralysis 694 Immune –– artery 486, 488, 692 – skull 101, 105, 105 – nucleus 559 – response 57 –– region 687, 691 –– concave profile (dished head) 101 Hyponychium 652 – system 26, 501 –– vein 692, 701 –– convex profile (ram's head) 101 Hypopharyngeal muscle 348 –– of birds 769 Infraglottic cavity 408, 408 – spleen 513 Hypophyseal –– thymus 511 Infraorbital – sternomandibular muscle 212–213 – cavity 587, 589 Immunocompetent T cells 770 – artery 487, 488, 686 – stomach 355, 358 – cleft 587, 589 Immunoglobulins in colostrum 646 – canal 87, 97, 108, 686 – superficial digital flexor muscle 232 – fossa 77, 78, 78, 100, 100–101, 104, Impactions 37 – foramen 87, 88–89, 94, 97, 103, 107, – temporomandibular joint 102 106, 587 Impar distal sesamoid ligament 205, 553, 686 – tentorial process 75 – infundibulum 523 241 –– injection 736 – thyrohyoid 92 – portal veins 538, 589 Impressio(-nes) – margin 85 – thyroid gland 591, 593 – veins 589 – cardiaca 757 – nerve 94, 97, 552, 553, 555, 560, 686 – tracheal cartilages 411 Hypophysis 100, 520–522, 523–525, – digitatae 99, 104 –– perineural anaesthesia 87 – udder 650 528, 537, 587, 587–588, 772, 773 – medullaris 75 – region 685–686, 686–687 – ventral Hypothalamic-pituitary axis 53, 588, – pontina 75 – sinus 758 –– conchal sinus 93 589, 596 – renalis 421 – tactile hairs 639, 640 –– keel of sternum 128 Hypothalamus 524–525, 537, 538, Incisive 74 – vein 495, 686 – walking phases during move- 587, 771 – bone 75, 88, 88, 96, 398,402 Infrapatellar fat pad 270 ments 313 Hypotonus of muscle 47 – branch of inferior alveolar nerve 554 Infraspinous Horseshoe 675, 675, 678 Hypotympanum 621 – muscles 139, 143 – fossa 171, 173–175 Humeral Hypsodont 336, 338, 339 – papilla 330 – muscle 218, 221, 221, 226, 722, – body 175 Hystera 459 – part of mandible 92 782–783 – condyle 175, 176–177, 191, 193 Incisors 99, 336, 338, 339–340, 398 –– permanent contracture 727 – crest 175, 176–177 I – occlusal surface 342–343 –– severe atrophy 727 – head 175, 190 – of dog 343 Infratrochlear nerve 551, 552, 555, –– of deep digital flexor muscle 233 Idiotropic nervous system 537, 548, – of horse 340, 342–343 611, 615, 681, 687, 689 –– of deep flexor muscle of carpus 580 – of ox 346 Infundibular 227 Ileal – replacement in horse 340 – cleft 754 –– of ulnar flexor muscle of car- – arteries 380, 490 Incisura – glands 766 pus 224–225 – orifice 378–379 – acetabuli 248 – nucleus 589 – joint 190 – papilla 378–379, 381 – alaris 110 – part of adenohypophysis 587, 589 – remiges 778 – sphincter muscle 379 – angularis of gaster 353 Infundibulum 541 – shaft 175 – wings 243 – cardiaca 412 – of oviduct 766, 768 – trochlea 180, 194–195 Ileocaecal – carotica 78, 103 – of parabronchi 760 Humeroradial joint 193, 194 – fold 375, 376–377, 378–379, 382, – costalis 128, 135 – of uterine tube 458, 459 Humeroulnar joint 191, 193 383 – ischiadica Ingluvies 753 Humerus 38–40, 119, 171, 172, – ligaments 756 –– major 243 Inguinal 176–177, 180, 748, 750 – lymph nodes 508 –– minor 247 – canal 165–166, 438, 468 Hyaline cartilage 28, 33 Ileocolic – mandibulae 92 – hernia 166, 438 – unions 37 – artery 372–373, 376,490 – nasoincisiva 84, 402 – ligament 163, 164, 166, 282, 469 Hyaloid – vein 500 – otica 95 – region 166, 438, 705,714,733 – artery 608 Ileum 327, 373, 375–377, 378, 753, – ovalis 78, 103 Inguinofemoral lymph centre 509 – canal 608 755, 756 – pancreatis 391 Inhibitory neurons 61 Hydrocephalus 541, 699 Iliac – poplitea 258 Inhibitory synapses 65 Hyoglossus muscle 331, 350 – crest 251 – processus palmaris 189 Injection sites Hyoid – fascia 138, 164,280,282 – radialis ulnae 178, 181 – of carpal joint 198 – apparatus 73, 80, 92 – lymph nodes 509 – scapulae 171 – of coffin joint 205 –– lower muscles 351 – muscle 281, 282, 294–295 – spinosa 78, 103 – of distal intertarsal joint 279 –– muscles 149, 151, 349 – psoas muscle 283 – trochlearis 178, 181, 191 – of elbow joint 193 –– upper muscles 349 – tuberosity 243 – ulnaris radii 179 – of femoropatellar joint 274 – bone 84, 92, 93, 97, 99, 104, Iliocaudal muscle 167–169, 290 – vasorum facialium 91, 98, 104 – of femorotibial joint 274 404–405 Iliocostal muscle 155, 155–156, 157, – vertebralis – of fetlock joint 200, 203 Hyoscine 603 284 –– caudalis 109, 111, 114 – of hip joint 268 Hyperextension injuries 730 Iliofemoral lymph centre 508 –– cranialis 109, 111, 114, 122 – of hock 279

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– of neck region 702 Intercostobrachial nerve 562 – iliac Interthalamic adhesion 515, 524, 527, – of proximal intertarsal joint 279 – cutaneous innervation 572 –– artery 325, 470, 490–491, 491, 493, 530, 533, 538 – of shoulder joint 191 Interdental space 690 764 Intertransverse – of stifle joint 274 Interdigital –– lymph nodes 508 – ligaments 133 – of talocrural joint 279 – arteries 665 –– lymph vessel 769 – muscle/s 155, 159 – of tarsometatarsal joint 279 – crus of suspensory ligament 204 –– vein 496, 498–499, 764 –– of neck 158 Innate reflex 63 – intersesamoid ligament 200, 204 – intercostal muscles 151, 154–156, –– of tail 167–169, 169 Inner – ligaments 200, 203 158, 160–161 Intertubercular bursa 191, 222 – circular layer of stomach 354 – phalangosesamoid ligaments 200 – jugular vein 494, 497, 701 – bursitis 727 – circumferential lamellae 32,36 – pouch 635 – labial vein 650 Intertubular horn 655 – ear 79, 534, 698 – space 660 – leaf of rectus sheath 165 Intervenous tubercle 474 –– diseases/infections 694, 698 – webs 777 – lymphatic vessel 770 Interventricular – ectodermal root sheath 638, 641 Interflexor muscles 238, 303 – oblique – foramen 526,541,543 – hair cells 632 Interfrontal suture 81 –– abdominal muscle 164, 165, 166, – paraconal branch of left coronary – hair follicle 638 Interganglionic branches 583 167, 168, 285, 437 artery 477 – layer of albumen 769 Interincisive canal 94, 108, 398 –– fibres 354 – septum 473, 473, 476, 476–477 – mammillary layer 767 Interlobular – obturator muscle 291, 292–293, – subsinuosal branch 478 – medullary cavity 28 – arteries of kidney 423, 425 294–296, 298, 730 Intervertebral – nuclear layer of retina 605, 606 – ducts 390,391 – occipital protuberance 75 – articulations 131 – pelvic muscles 292, 295, 298 – veins – ophthalmic artery 487 – disc 73, 116–117, 121, 131, 132, 517 – plexiform layer of retina 605, 606 –– of kidney 425 – parathyroid glands 593 –– early structure 31 – pubic muscles 291 –– of liver 390, 497 – pudendal –– prolapse 132, 703 – shell membrane 767 Intermammary –– artery 448, 469, 470, 491, 493, 731, –– thickness 133 – table of frontal bone 106 – groove 642, 645, 648 737–738 – fibrocartilaginous discs 109 Insertion of muscle 46 – sulcus 646 –– vein 499, 648–649 – foramen 111, 112, 114, 116–117, Inspiration Intermandibular – sagittal crest 82 121, 133,516 – diaphragm 163 – joint 128, 347 – spermatic fascia 70, 436, 437, Intestinal – opening of glottis 409 – region 685, 686–687, 688, 691, 699 437–438, 714, 736 – crypts 371, 371 Inspiratory dyspnoe 692 – suture 98 – spine of frog 671, 672 – glands 371 Insula(-ae) Intermediate – surface of cranium 75 – landmarks 383 – pancreatici 596 – body of urinary bladder 429 – theca cells 451, 453, 596 – lymph 57 – ruminis 362 – carpal bone 181, 182, 182–183, 185, – thoracic – peritoneal cavity 751, 752 Insulin 596 198 –– artery 484, 485, 489, 644, 707 – surface of spleen 511–512 Integumentum commune 633, 776 – intertransverse muscle 160 –– vein 495, 649, 707 – tract 376–377 Intelligence 530 – lobe – urethral opening 439 – trunk 508, 508 Interalveolar –– of liver 757, 758 – uterine ostium 460 – villi 371, 371–372 – margin 327 –– of pituitary gland 587 – vexillum 777 – wall 371 –– of incisive bone 89 –– of thymus 510, 511 Interneuronal synapses 65 –– lymphatic tissue 371 –– of mandible 91, 92, 96,98 – part Interneurons 60–61 Intestine 370, 370, 756 –– of maxilla 88, 96, 103, 107–108 –– of hypophysis 524, 588–589 – of spinal cord 518 – blood supply 372 – septa of maxilla 88 –– of spinal cord 518 Interosseous – columnar cells 371 Interarcuate – patellar ligament 270, 275 – ligament of antebrachium 194 – innervation 372 – ligaments 133, 133 – sacral crest 125 – membrane of forearm – lymph nodes 372 – space 109, 112, 117, 120 – semilunar valvula 478 192, 194, 195 – rotation during foetal develop- Interarytenoid cartilage 407 – serosa 70, 70 – muscles ment 321 Interatrial septum 474 – trabecula 750 –– of forearm 228,239 – ultrasonogram 792 Interbronchial – tubercle 175 –– of hindlimb 303, 304 Intestinum – foramen 759 – vastus muscle 293 – sacroiliac ligaments 265 – crassum 370, 378, 756 – ligament 759 – zone 383, 384 – space – tenue 370, 373, 756 Intercapital ligament 135, 135 Intermediofacial nerve 553, 585, 698 –– of forearm 178, 179–180,181, Intrabursal injection of navicular Intercarpal joint 195 Intermedioradial 193–196 bursa 730 Intercartilaginous muscles 161 – carpal bone 182–183, 184, 196–197 –– of hindlimb 259, 260 Intracapsular ligament of femoral Intercellular substance of cartilage – joint, fractures 206 Interpapillary horn 635 head 248, 253 28 Intermetacarpal joints 198 Interparietal bone 74–75,82 Intracerebral anastomoses 546 Intercondylar Internal 26 Interpeduncular Intralobular duct of mammary – eminence 257, 258, 259 – acoustic meatus 77–78, 80, 90, 100, – fossa 523 gland 643 – fossa 253, 255, 259 106, 113 – nuclei 528 Intramembranous ossification 33, 34 – line of femur 253 – anal sphincter 372 Interscalar canal 776, 776 Intramural – notch 103 – auricular nerve 555, 557 Interscutular muscle 143, 146 – ganglia 63 – tubercle 259 – capsule 526, 529, 532, 534, 535, Intersectiones tendinae 164 – nervous system 586 Intercornual ligament 458, 460, 463, 617 Intersegmental fibres of spinal Intramuscular injection 691 469, 716 – carotid cord 519 – flight muscles 751 Intercostal –– artery 94, 486, 488, 545, 545, Intersesamoid ligaments 199 – neck region 702, 736 – arteries 488 694–695, 696, 700 Interspinal muscles 155, 159 Intraocular pressure 775 – lymph nodes 505, 506–507 –– nerve 558, 583, 696, 700 Interspinous ligaments 133, 133 Intraperitoneal application of – muscles 161 – ear 621–622, 628, 628, 776, 776 Intersternal pharmacological agents 71 – nerves 568, 708, 725 – elastic lamina 53 – cartilages 128, 136 Intrapharyngeal opening 347 – space 125 – fascia 69, 70, 138, 319 – synchondrosis 136 Intrapleural organs 69 – torus 761 – gynaecological examination 719, Interstitial connective tissue 25, 68 Intrathoracic abdominal organs – veins 495 721 Interstitium 68 392–393

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Intratoric groove 671, 673 –– of elbow joint 193 L – nuchae 133 Intravenous injection –– of shoulder joint 191 – of thyroid cartilage 407, 407 – external jugular vein 702 – cartilage 29, 37, 40 Labia oris 327 – omasi 366 – medial saphenous vein 496 – cavity 37, 41 Labial – orbitalis ossis ethmoidalis 82 – ulnar vein 769 – contracture 41 – surface – parietalis 70 Intrinsic neurons 61 – effusion 41 –– of incisive bone 88 –– peritonei 355 Intumescentia – fluid 37 –– of teeth 336 – perpendicularis ossis – cervicalis 515, 771 – functional characteristics 41 – vestibule 327, 685 –– ethmoidalis 82 – lumbalis 120, 515 – gap 37, 41 Labrum –– palatinae 89 – lumbosacralis 771 – mice 41 – acetabulare 248, 267 – prevertebralis fasciae cervicalis 700 Iodine-based contrast agents 791 – of head 128 – glenoidale 190 – propria Irdidocorneal angle 609 – of pelvic limb 265 Labyrinthus –– mucosae 66–67, 352 Iridial – of skull 128 – cochlearis 628 –– serosae 67,69 – granules 603, 603–604 – of thoracic limb to trunk 190 – ethmoidalis 82 – quadrigemina 523 – part of retina 599, 603 – type of movement 40 – membranaceus 628 – sphenoethmoidalis 89 Iridocorneal angle 600,608,609 Juga – osseus 628 – visceralis 70, 371 Iris 598–600, 602, 603–604, – alveolaria 88 – vestibularis 628 –– peritonei 355 609, 774 – cerebralia 99, 104 Lacerate foramen 554, 583, 692 – vitrea 600 – heterochromia 605 Jugular Lacertus fibrosus 222, 310 Laminar – innervation 603 – foramen 74–75, 77–78, 83, 89, 94, Lacrimal – dermis 655 – major vascular circle 615 98, 98, 100, 103, 106, 558 – apparatus 614, 615, 696 – horn 662 – pigmented cells 603 – fossa 699, 700 – artery 487 Laminectomy 516 Irregular bones 29 – ganglion of vagus nerve 558, 558 – bone 74–75,85 – haemorrhage of epidural venous Ischial – groove 494, 698–699, 700 – bulla 85 plexus 545 – lymph centre 509 – lymph duct 510 – canal 88 Laminitis 655, 660, 675, 734 – part of pelvic symphysis 243 – lymphatic vessel 770 – caruncle 612, 614, 615, 615, 687 – chronic 207 – tuber 122, 246, 247, 247–249, 250, – trunk 497,504,507 – drainage 614 Langerhans cells 587, 637 250–251 – vein 142, 154, 493–494, 769 – duct 615 Laparoscopy 715 –– palpation 730 – venipuncture in birds 769 –– openings 687 Laparotomy 715 – tuberosity region 732, 732, 734 – venous angle 509 – foramen 79, 86, 88, 88, 101 – sagittal 715 Ischiatic Juncturae cartilagineae 37 – fossa 97 Large – arch 247, 251, 321 Juxtamedullar – gland 614, 615, 616, 697–698 – circulation 52–53 – spine 122, 246,247,247–249, 250, – nephron 424 – nerve 551, 552–553, 555, 560, 615, – intestine 327, 370, 378, 381, 756 250 – zone 421 687, 692 –– blood supply 379, 380 – symphysis 248, 250 – puncta 614, 614, 615 Larnyx 403 Ischiocaudal muscle 290 K – sac 614, 615 Laryngeal Ischiocavernous muscle 322, 441, 447, – sinus 93 – cartilages 406,407,407, 758, 759 469 Keratinisation 635, 654 Lactation 646 – cavity 408 Ischiorectal fossa 731 Keratinised Lactiferous –– access 703 Ischium 247, 247–251, 748, 749 – cells 654 – duct 643, 646 – entrance 331 Islets of Langerhans 596 – papillae of glans of penis 445 –– development 645 – hemiplegia 692, 703 Isognathic 343 Keratinocytes 635 – sinus 643, 645, 647–648 – moun 754 Isometric contraction 47 Kidney 392–393, 419, 420, 423, 432, –– development 645 – opening 758 Isotonic contraction 47 720–721, 752, 763, 763 Lacuna – part of pharynx 351 Isthmus – blood supply 422 – musculorum 163, 280–281, 282, 732 – region 686–687, 691, 699, 700 – faucium 347–348, 351 – endocrine functions 419 – vasorum 163, 280, 732 – ventricle 409 – glandulae thyroideae 589, 590 – functional unit 421, 424 Lagena 776 – vestibule 408 – of oviduct 766 – histological section 426 Lamellae Laryngopharynx 347 – of uterine tube 459, 462 – innervation 424 – dermales 654 Laryngoscopy 410, 691 – location 419 – epidermales 662 Larynx 348, 397, 403–404, 405, 405, J – magnetic resonance imaging Lamellar 408–409, 692, 758 798 – bone 30, 30,31,35 – articulations 408 Jejunal – multilobar type 421 –– mature 32 – blood supply 410 – arteries 372, 376–377, 380, 490, 492, – multipyramidal type 421 – horn 673 – extrinsic muscles 409 755 – projection onto lateral body – part of nuchal ligament 134, 134, – functions 409 –– trunk 372 wall 740, 742–744 136, 158, 497 – innervation 410 – lymph nodes 372, 376, 507, – shape 419, 421, 423 Lameness 727 – intrinsic muscles 409 508, 508 – structure 424 – diagnosis 678 – ligaments 408 – veins 500 – ultrasonogram 791 – local anaesthesia 568 – lymphatics 411 – wall 371 – unilobar type 421 Lamina – muscles 409 Jejunoileum 756 – vascular supply 764 – arcus vertebrae 109 – radiograph 405 Jejunum 327, 374,375,375–376, 378, – vascularisation 425 – cartilaginea sclerae 773 – skeleton 407 379, 720–721, 752–753, 755, 756 Knee – choroidocapillaris 600 – surgery 703 – projection onto lateral body – joint, see Stifle joint – epithelialis serosae 67 Latebra 769 wall 740, 742, 744 – region 732, 733 – femoralis 164 Lateral 26, 27 Joint/s 26 Kneecap 256 – horizontalis ossis palatinae 89 – abdominal region 704, 709 – capsule 30, 37 Koilin 754 – intermedia 70 – brachial region 723 –– diverticulum 42 Kyphosis 136 – interna 75 – branch –– fibrous layer 37 – limitans anterior/posterior 599 –– of iliohypogastric nerve 570 –– inner layer 37 – muscularis mucosae 66, 68 –– of lumbar nerve 568

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–– of spinal nerve 562, 563 – hepatic lobe 386, 388 – ventricle 527, 529, 532, 541, – omentum 70, 71, 358–360, 368, 369 –– of suspensory ligament 200 – hoof cartilage 670 543–544 – palatine – caecal artery 373 – horn of spinal cord 516 – vertebral foramen 110–111, –– artery 487 – carpal collateral ligament 195, 196, – iliac lymph nodes 508, 509 114–115, 130 –– nerve 553, 555 199 – laryngeal ventricle 408, 408, 411 Laying bones 749 – petrosal nerve 554, 558 – caudal artery 764 – lemniscal nucleus 536 Left – psoas muscle 290, 294 – chondrocoronal ligament 205, 206 – lemniscus 534, 536 – atrioventricular – sciatic – chondrosesamoid ligament 210 – ligament –– groove 472 –– foramina 266, 267 – chondroungular collateral liga- –– of atlas 130 –– opening 476 –– notch 248–250 ment 205, 206 –– of malleus 622 –– valve 473,476–477, 478 – splanchnic nerve 583 – circumflex femoral artery 490, 494, –– of urinary bladder 326, 429, 717 – atrium 53, 471, 474, 476–477, 479 – tubercle of humerus 175, 176–177, 731 – line from sternum 745 – auricle 472, 476, 478 190 – collateral ligament 202, 206, 269, – malleolus 259, 260–261, 263, 734 – circumflex branch 478 – vestibular glands 464 278 – membrane of cochlear duct 630 – colic Levator muscle/s 47 –– of carpus 195 – meniscus 270, 273 –– artery 373, 490, 492 – of anus 296, 731 –– of coffin joint 206 – nasal –– vein 500 – of chin 142–143 –– of distal interphalangeal joint 202, –– artery 486, 488 – coronary – of concha 146 205 –– region 686–687 –– artery 477, 477–478 – of lateral angle of eye 143 –– of elbow joint 192, 193, 195 –– vein 692 –– branch 478 – of medial angle of eye 142,143,144, –– of fetlock joint 202, 206 – neck region 691 – diaphragmatic crus 162 145 –– of knee joint 270–271, 273, 275, – oblique sesamoid ligament 202 – dorsal colon 377, 377,378,380, 381, – of ribs 155, 158,160,160, 161 299 – olfactory gyrus 522 381, 382–383 – of soft palate 328 –– of tarsus 276–277 – opening of fourth ventricle 543 – gastric – of tail 167 – collateral sesamoid ligament 202, – palatine ridge 754 –– artery 358, 359, 489, 492 – of upper eyelid 598, 611, 687 206 – palmar –– vein 358, 500 – of upper lip 139, 142,143,144 – column 517 –– digital arteries 491,675 – gastroepiploic artery 359,489,492 Leydig cells 435 – condyle –– digital veins 677 – hepatic Lien 512, 771 –– of femur 253, 254–255 –– ligament 200, 204 –– artery 758 Lienal –– of tibia 257, 259–260 –– nerve 567, 569, 571, 677,727 –– ligament 751 – artery 392–393 – cricoarytenoid muscle 409, 411 –– process 189 –– lobe 385, 385, 387–389, 393, 757, – hilus 392–393 – cruciate ligament, rupture 735 – part 758 – vein 392 – crural flexor muscle 772 –– of occipital bone 75 –– portal vein 757, 758 Ligament/s 27 – cutaneous –– of temporal bone 74 –– vein 757 – of head of femur 267 –– branch of iliohypogastric nerve 573 – patellar ligament 270, 273, 275 – internal iliac artery 490 – of tail –– branch of ilioinguinal nerve 573 – phallic bodies 757, 765 – interventricular groove 473 –– of epididymis 435, 439, 469 –– branch of spinal nerve 563 – plantar – lobe of pancreas 391 –– of testis 435 –– femoral nerve 571, 573, 575, 577, –– digital artery 490, 491 – marginal venous ventricle vein 479 Ligamentum(-a) 27 731–732 –– digital nerves 576 – ruminal – accessorium ossis femoris 267 –– nerve of lower limb 576 –– digital veins 496, 677 –– artery 369 – alaria 131 –– nerve of thigh 708, 738 –– nerve 576, 580, 677, 734, 738–739 –– lymph nodes 370 – anulare –– sural nerve 573, 578, 737 – pterygoid – semilunar valvula 478 –– digitale distale/proximale 236 – digital –– muscle 145, 147, 149,347 – subclavian vein 493 –– digiti 201 –– artery 490, 677 –– nerve 553, 554, 560 – triangular ligament 359, 391 –– palmare 200–201, 236 –– extensor muscle 194, 214–215, 226, – recess of guttural pouch 695, 695, – ventral colon 377, 377, 378, 380, –– radii 193 228, 229, 242, 295, 300, 301, 306, 696 381, 381,383 –– stapedis 622 308, 567,724 – region of neck 698–699 – ventricle 53, 471, 473–474,475, – arteriosum 483, 707 –– flexor muscle 296,302,304–306, – retropharyngeal lymph nodes 337, 476–477 – articularia 40, 130 308 504–505, 507 – ventricular border 473 – atlantoaxiale dorsale/ventrale 131 –– flexor tendon 203 – sacral crest 124, 125 Leg – capitis –– nerves 568 – saphenous vein 496, 498–499, – nerves 578 –– costae radiatum 135 –– palmar artery 485 732–733 – skeleton 256 –– ossis femoris 248, 253, 267 –– palmar vein 495 –– venipuncture 496 – superficial nerves 579 – caudae epididymidis 435 – dorsal sacrococcygeal muscle 167, – splint bone 185, 726, 734 Lemniscal – caudale art. temporomandibularis 169, 169 – straight muscle – system 535, 538 128, 347 – epicondyle 175, 176–177, 194, 255 –– of eyeball 611 – trigone 536 – chondrocoronalia mediale – fascial sheet of mammary gland 642 –– of head 148, 151, 153, 611–612 Lemniscus 62 et laterale 205 – femoral condyle 257 – sublingual recesses 333 Lens 598–600, 603–604, 607, 774 – chondropulvinale 210 – femoropatellar ligament 270, 273, – supracondylar tuberosity 254–255 – capsule 607 – chondrosesamoidea mediale 275 – sural nerve 576, 732 – epithelium 607 et laterale 210 – flexors of tail 167 – thoracic – fibres 607 – chondroungularia – geniculate –– artery 647 – lamellar architecture 607 –– collaterale mediale et laterale 205 –– body 524 –– groove 703 – opacity 697 –– cruciata 210 –– nucleus 524, 549, 607, 617 –– nerve 562–563, 564, 569, 725, – sutures 607 – chondroungulocompedalia 205 – glenohumeral ligament 191 728–729 Lenticular – collaterale – guttural pouch process 694 – trabecula 750 – accommodation 773 –– carpi laterale/mediale 195 – head – tympaniform membrane 759 – bone 622 –– cubiti laterale/mediale 193 –– of gastrocnemius muscle 301, 772 – vastus muscle 291, 293, 295–296, – fibres 608 –– laterale 199, 269 –– of triceps muscle 222–223, 306 Leptomeninx 542 –– mediale 199, 269 226–227, 230 – ventral sacrococcygeal muscle 167, Lesser –– tarsi laterale breve/longum 279 – heel 673 169, 169 – curvature 353, 356, 367 –– tarsi mediale breve 279

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Ligamentum(-a) – tarsi Liquor – depressor of tail 167 – coracohumerale 191 –– dorsale 279 – cerebrospinalis 61, 516 – digital – coronarium hepatis 359, 391 –– interossea 279 – pericardii 471 –– extensor muscle 294–296, 299, – cruciata genus 269 – teres Lissencephalic brain 771 300–301, 304, 306, 308 – dorsale breve/longum 199 –– hepatis 389 Liver 327, 384, 386–389, 720–721, –– extensor muscle of first digit 228, – epihyoideum 93 –– uteri 319, 468 752–753, 756, 757, 758 242, 300, 300, 308 – falciforme 359–360, 389, 757 –– vesicae 322 – attachments 757 –– flexor muscle 772 – femoropatellare laterale – testis proprium 435 – blood supply 388 – fibular muscle 296, 298, 300, 308 et mediale 269 – tibiale – blunt border 384 – head of triceps muscle 221, – flava 133 –– caudale menisci lateralis – corrosion cast 390 222–223, 226, 230–231 – gastrophrenicum 358, 360 et medialis 269 – form/position 384 – hyoid muscles 150, 151 – glenohumerale laterale/mediale 191 –– craniale menisci lateralis – innervation 389 – lateral collateral ligament 279, 303 – hepatoduodenale 359–360, 389, 757 et medialis 269 – ligaments 389 – levator muscle – hepatogastricum 359–360, 389 – transversum – lobation patterns 385, 385 –– of concha 144 – ileocaecalia 756 –– acetabuli 267 – lymphatics 389 –– of tail 167 – inguinale 163 –– atlantis 131 – projection onto body surface 740, – medial collateral ligament 195, 279 – intercapitale 135 –– genus 269 742–743 – muscle – interdigitale –– humeri 191, 222 – sharp-edged border 384 –– of back 154 –– distale 201 – triangulare dextrum/sinistrum – sinusoids 385, 390, 497 –– of head 148, 149, 151, 153, 154, –– proximale 200 359, 391 – structure 385 156, 695–696 – interosseum antebrachii 194 – vesicae – trias 390 –– of neck 150, 158 – interspinalia 133 –– lateralia 322, 429 – weight 384 – part – intertransversaria 133 –– medianum 429 Lobar –– of diaphragm 161 – laterale art. temporomandibularis – vesicae medianum 323 – bronchi 413 –– of external oblique abdominal 128, 347 Limbic – ducts 391 muscle 164 – latum uteri 322, 459, 467 – groove 671 Lobes –– of iliocostal muscle 155, 157 – longitudinale dorsale/ventrale 133 – system 528, 530 – of liver 758 –– of longissimus muscle 155 – meniscofemorale 269 Limbs – of lung 416 – plantar ligament 276–277, 279 – metacarpointersesamoideum 202 – of incus 622 Lobules – posterior ciliary arteries 615, 688, – nuchale 75 – of stapes 622 – of mammary gland 643, 646 697 – of mesenteries 70 – protraction 309 – of pancreas 392 – rotator of concha 144 – olecrani 193 Limbus corneae 599, 601 – of thymus 511 – tendon of digital extensor – orbitale 81, 85, 95 Limen pharyngo-oesophageum 348 Lobulus(-i) muscle 306 – ovarii proprium 459, 468 Linea – corticales 421 – thoracic nerve 562–563, 569, 725, – palmaria mediale et laterale 200 – alba 163, 166, 168, 216 – glandulae mammariae 643 729 – patellae 269 – arcuata 243 – testis 433 Longissimus –– intermedium 270 – glutea 243 Lobus(-i) – capitis muscle 142 –– mediale et laterale 270 – intercondylaris 253 – accessorius pulmonis 416 – muscle 155, 155, 156, 156, 157 – phalangosesamoidea 200 – nuchae 75 – auricularis 777 Longitudinal – phrenicopericardiacum 472 – pilorum convergens/divergens 639 – caudalis pulmonis 416 – cerebral fissure 523, 525, 528, 529 – phrenicosplenicum 359–360 – semilunaris 189 – caudatus 385 – groove 362 – plantare longum 279 – temporalis 81 – cervicalis dexter et sinister – ligament 130 – popliteum obliquum 269 – terminalis 319, 321 thymi 511 – pillar of rumen 362, 363 – pubicum craniale 265 – transversa columnae vertebralis 122 – cranialis pulmonis 416 Loop of Henle 422, 424–425 – pulmonale 317 Lingua 329, 753 – glandulae mammariae 643 Looped-ending arteries 31 – radioulnare 194 Lingual – hepatis dexter/sinister 385, 757 Loose – sacroiliaca 265 – apex 330–331 – intermedius thymi 511 – connective tissue 28, 66 –– dorsalia 168, 265 – artery 486, 488 – medius pulmonis 416 – shoulder 730 –– interossea 265 – body 329, 330–331 – pancreatis dexter/sinister 391 Lophodont 337, 339 –– ventralia 265 – branch – piriformis 78, 528 Lordosis 136 – sacrotuberale 266 –– of glossopharyngeal nerve 557, 558 – pulmonis 416 Loss of sensitivity 699 –– latum 266 –– of mandibular nerve 331 – quadratus 385 Low pressure collecting system 52 – sesamoideum(-a) – fossa 331 – thoracicus thymi 511 Lower –– brevia 203 – mucosa 329 Local anaesthesia, diagnosis – eyelid 598, 612, 613 –– collateralia 200, 205 – nerve 553, 554–556, 560, 688, 693 of lameness 568 – incisive muscle 142, 143 –– cruciata 200, 203 – papillae 332, 754 Locomotion 47, 524 – inward rotator 144 –– distale impar 205 – process Locomotor apparatus 27 – jaw 73, 84 –– obliqua 200, 203 –– of basihyoid bone 93 – computed tomography (CT) 795 – lip 398 –– rectum 203 –– of hyoid bone 92, 104 – magnetic resonance imaging 799 –– tactile hairs 639, 642 – spirale 630 – root 329, 331 Locus caeruleus 523 – motor neurons 535 – splenorenale (lienorenale) – surface Long – respiratory tract 397, 405 359, 513 –– of mandible 91 – abductor muscle of first digit 228, Lumbar – sterni 136, 161 –– of teeth 336 229, 242, 567, 724 – aortic lymph nodes 439, 470, 507, – sternopericardiacum 472 – tonsil 349 – adductor muscle 292 507 – supraorbitale 95 Linguofacial – bones 28, 29–30, 33, 35 – arteries 488–489 – supraspinale 133 – trunk 486, 488–489, 688, 693 – branch of dorsal sacroiliac – column (spine) 121 – suspensorium – vein 142, 495, 690, 692–693, 701 ligament 265, 267 –– ligaments 133 –– ovarii 459 Lips 327 – ciliary nerves 551 –– movements 136 –– penis 137 – muscles 139, 142–143, 150 – collateral ligaments of carpus 199 – enlargement (intumescence) 515, – talocentrodistometatarseum 279 – tactile hairs 642 – crus of incus 622, 625 516

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– group of intertransversal Lymph-collecting ducts 509 Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) 795 Mammilloarticular process 114, 120, muscles 159 Lymphatic – areas of application 799 120, 122 – iliac lymph nodes 509 – capillaries 57, 471, 501 – contrast materials 799 Mandible 73, 74–75, 84, 90, 92, 96,98 – lymph – cells 57 – gadolinium 799 – drooping 694 –– centre 507 – duct 505 – general anaesthesia 802 – prognathism 95 –– nodes 424 – nodules 57 – key factors 802 Mandibular – musculature 291 –– of conjunctiva 614 – proton density-weighted images – arcade 341 – nerves 568, 577 – organs 57, 501, 769–770 (PDW) 795 – articulation 97, 148 – part – system 52, 57, 507 – soft tissue pathology 795 – canal 91, 99, 104 –– of diaphragm 162 Lymphocentrum 503 – T1-/T2-weighted images 795 – duct 336–337 –– of gluteal muscle 285 – cervicale profundum/ – various pulse sequences 795 – foramen 91, 92, 94, 554, 694 –– of iliocostal muscle 156 superficiale 504 Magnum of oviduct 766, 768 – fossa 79, 83, 89, 102, 105, 128, 345 –– of longissimus muscle 157 – coeliacum 393 Major – ganglion 331, 554, 556, 585, 586 –– of spinal cord 515, 516 – inguinofemorale 509 – arterial circle of iris 697 – head 92 – plexus 568, 574, 731, 772 – ischiadicum 509 – deep scutuloauricular muscle 146 – incisors 346 –– aeras of innervation 575 – mandibulare 504, 702 – digit 748 –– occlusal surface 342 –– proper 568 – parotideum 504, 702 – dorsal straight muscle of head 148, – lymph – region 704 – popliteum 509 153, 158 –– centre 504, 504–505, 507 – spinal nerves 568 – retropharyngeale 504, 702 – duodenal papilla 391–392, 394–395 –– nodes 150, 336–337, 505, 507, 701 – splanchnic nerves 583, 583 – thoracicum dorsale/ventrale 505 – salivary glands 333–334 – muscles 145, 148–149

– trunks 507,508 Lymphocytes 57, 501, 501 – sublingual salivary gland 690 – nerve (V3) 94, 104, 149, 347, 552, – veins 495 – of spleen 512 – teres muscle 220–221, 221, 224, 782 554, 560, 694 – vertebrae 38–40,117,119, 120, Lymphocytic stem cells 770 – vascular circle of iris 615 –– neurological examination 693 121–123 Lymphonodus(-i) 501 Malar – notch 92, 92 Lumbocostal arch 69, 162 – abomasiales dorsalis/ventrales 370 – artery 487, 488, 687 – part of buccinator muscle 142 Lumbosacral – anorectales 508 – muscle 142, 143, 145 – ramus 90 – interarcuate space 120, 122 – axillaris Male – region 691, 699 – intumescence 771 –– accessorius 505 – gametes 433 – salivary gland 334, 336, 689, 690 – joint 136 –– primae costae 505 – genital organs 433, 433–434, 443, –– cystic changes 334 – plexus 122, 562, 568, 574, 574, 577, –– proprius 505 763, 765 – sinuses, squamous cell carcino- 731, 772 – cervicales profundi 352 – genital system 433 ma 691 – space 109 – coxalis 509 – urethra 430, 439 – space 90 Lumbrical muscles – cubiti 505 Malleolar bone 259 –– superficial muscles 145–147, 150 – of forearm 240 – epigastrici 509 Malleolus – symphysis 98, 103 – of hindlimb 303 – iliaci – lateralis 259 – synchondrosis 90 Lunate surface of acetabulum 248, 249 –– interni 508 – medialis 259 Manica flexoria 232–233, 236–237, Lung 397, 412, 752, 759, 761–762 –– mediales/laterales 508 Malleus 80, 622, 625, 628 241, 302 – blood supply 416 – inguinales superficiales 509 Malpighian corpuscle 422, 513 Manubrium – histological section 418 – intercostales 505 MALT (mucosa-associated lymphatic – mallei (of malleus) 621,622,625 – innervation 417 – lumbales aortici 424 tissue) 57, 67 – sterni (of sternum) 119, 127,128 – interstitium 412, 418 – mediastinales 352 Mamma 642 Manus – lymphatics 417 –– craniales, caudales et mediales Mammary – joints 195 – parenchyma 412, 418 318 – body 643, 646 – skeleton 181, 181, 184 – projection of borders onto body – omasiales 370 – complexes 642, 646, 714 Mare surface 745 – parotideus 681 – glands 137, 642, 644, 646 – clitoris 465 – surface 412 – pulmonales 506 –– arteries 644 – genital organs 452, 470 Luteinising hormone (LH) 452, 588 – renales 424 –– blood supply 644 –– examination 719 Lymph 57 – reticulares 370 –– connective tissue 643, 646 – ovaries 449 – centres 503 – retropharyngei mediales et –– development 645 – ovary 451, 453–454, 456, 458 – follicles 502–503 laterales 504 –– duct system 643 – pelvic – heart 769–770, 770 – ruminales –– glandular tissue 643, 646–647 –– cavity 717, 721 – nodes 57–58, 501, 503, 503 –– craniales 370 –– inflammation 642 –– limb 734 –– abnormalities 504 –– dextri et sinistri 370 –– innervation 645 – udder 644 –– anastomosing cords 501 – ruminoabomasiales 370 –– myoepithelial cells 645 – uterus 460 –– germinal centres 501 – sacrales 508 –– neurohormonal reflex arc 645 Marek’s disease 772 –– histological section 502 – thoracici aortici 505 –– of cow 648 Marginal –– internal structure 502 – tracheobronchiales seu bifurcationis –– of horse 650 – groove 523 –– of abdomen 507 318, 506 –– of pig 648 – papillae 330 –– of first rib 505 Lymphoreticular tissue 502, 769–770 –– of small ruminants 648 Margo –– of head 504, 504 – of pharynx 349 –– suspensory apparatus 642 – acutus hepatis 384 –– of mediastinum 318 – of sublingual floor 333 –– veins 644 – alveolaris –– of neck 504 Lyssa 329 – lobes 643 –– mandibulae 91 –– of paralumbar fossa 509 – lymph nodes 509, 509, 644, 648 –– maxillae 88 –– of pelvic cavity 508 M – ridges 645 – caudalis scapulae 171 –– of pelvic limb 508 – tumours, axillary lymph centre 505 – ciliaris 602 –– of stomach 370 Macroglia cells 61 – units 648 – coronalis 189 –– of thoracic limb 505 Macrophages 57, 501 Mammillary – cranialis –– of thorax 505 Macula – body 520, 523–524, 530 –– dexter/sinister 473 –– prophylactic removal 504 – sacculi 556, 629 – process 109, 110,114 –– scapulae 171 – vessels 57–58, 471, 501, 769, 770 – utriculi 556, 629 – dorsalis scapulae 171

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Margo – nasi 403 –– nucleus 524, 534, 536 –– of tongue 330–331 – infraorbitalis 85 –– communis 101, 404 – glenohumeral ligament 190, 191 – internal sagittal crest 99 – interalveolaris 327 –– dorsalis 101, 403 – head – laryngeal process 408 –– mandibulae 91 –– medius 101, 403 –– of gastrocnemius muscle 301, 772 – ligament of urinary bladder 326, –– maxillae 88 –– ventralis 101, 403, 691 –– of triceps muscle 221, 222–223, 374–375,429,449–451 – obtusus hepatis 384 – nasopharyngeus 89 227, 231 – median fissure 516 – plicatus 354 – temporalis 79, 102 – hepatic lobe 386, 388 – nerve 563, 564, 565–566, 566–567, – pupillaris 602 Mechanical papillae 329, 332, 689 – hoof cartilage 670 571, 657, 659, 667, 677, 723–724, – solearis 189 Mechanoreceptors 44, 59, 538 – iliac lymph nodes 439, 448, 470, 507, 725, 728–729 – supraorbitalis 81, 85 – mesenteries 70 508, 509 –– cutaneous innervation 572 Massa lateralis 110 Meckel’s diverticulum 756 – intercondylar area 259 – palatine Masseter muscle 145, 147–148, 148, Medial 26, 27 – interdigital phalangosesamoid –– ridge 754 150–151, 216, 334, 347, 686 – accessory cartilage 402 ligament 204 –– suture 88, 89 Masseteric – antebrachial cutaneous nerve – lemniscus 521, 530, 534–535 – phallic body 757, 765 – artery 488 728–729 – malleolus 259, 260–261, 263–264, – plane 26, 27 – branch of external carotid ar- – band of suspensory ligament 204 734 – rectal artery 491 tery 486, 488 – brachial region 723 – meniscus 270, 273 – sacral – fossa 91, 92,98 – branch – olfactory tract 522 –– artery 470, 488–491, 491, 493, 764 – nerve 552, 687 –– of iliohypogastric nerve 570 – palmar –– crest 125 – region 685–686, 686–687, 699 –– of ischium 247 –– digital artery 485–486, 675, 729 –– vein 496 Mastectomy 644 –– of lumbar nerve 568 –– digital nerve 729 – septum of auditory tube 623 Mastication 347 –– of spinal nerve 562 –– digital veins 677, 729 – spinal artery 522, 528 Masticatory –– of suspensory ligament 200 –– ligaments 200, 204 – vein 495, 496, 498, 667, 677, 724, – apparatus 335 – caecal artery 373, 492 –– metacarpal nerve 729 728–729 – facial paralysis 693 – carpal collateral ligament 195 –– nerve 567, 569, 571, 677,727,729 – vesical ligament 322 – muscles 145, 147, 150, 347, 686 – cervical ganglions 417 –– process 189 Mediastinal –– paralysis 553 – cervicoauricular muscle 146 – parapatellar fibrocartilage 270, 273, – border of lung 412 – nerve 552, 560 – chondrocoronal ligament 205, 206 275 – lymph – organ 754 – chondrosesamoid ligament 210 – patellar ligament 270, 273, 275 –– centre 318, 506 Mastitis 642 – chondroungular collateral liga- – plantar –– nodes 481, 506, 506 Mastoid process 77, 80, 80, 82, 92, 99, ment 205 –– digital arteries 490, 675 – pleura 315, 316 105, 626 – circumflex femoral artery 490, 494, –– digital nerves 576 – recess 316, 318, 416 Mastos 642 731 –– digital veins 496, 677 – surface of lung 412 Mature – clunial nerves 573 –– nerve 576, 581, 677, 734, 738–739, Mediastinum 315–316, 316–318 – bone 35 – collateral ligament 772 – caudale 316–317 – follicles 768 –– of carpus 199 – pterygoid – craniale 316 – lamellar bone 32 –– of distal interphalangeal joint 205 –– muscle 145, 147, 149–150, 347 – lymph nodes 318 – oocyte 765 –– of elbow joint 192, 193, 197 –– nerve 553, 554, 560 – medium seu cardiale 316–317 Maxilla 74–75, 83, 87, 89 –– of knee joint 269, 270–271, 273, – recess of guttural pouch 695–696 – testis 433, 435 – openings and structures passing 275 – retropharyngeal lymph nodes Medulla through 94 –– of proximal sesamoid bones 202 411, 505, 507 – oblongata 61, 515, 520, 520–521, Maxillary –– of tarsus 276–277 – sacral artery 325 533, 540, 771 – arcade 341 – condyle – saphenous vein 496, 498–499, 579, –– reflex arcs 521 – artery 94, 486–487, 488–489, 545, –– of femur 253, 255 677, 732–733, 738 – of adrenal gland 594 696 –– of tibia 259 –– intravenous injections 496 – of hair 641 – foramen 78–79, 86,87–88, 94, 103, – cranial fossa 78 – scalene muscle 151 – of horn tubules 673 105, 553 – cruciate ligament 274 – scutum 204 – of lymph node 501, 502–503

– nerve (V2) 94, 528, 551, 553,560, – crural flexor muscle 772 – shoulder muscles 220 – of ovary 451 611 – cubital vein 729 – splint bone 185, 202 – of thymus 510 –– neurological examination 693 – cutaneous – straight muscle 611, 611, 612 – ossium 27, 34 – portion of buccinator muscle –– antebrachial nerve 571 – superficial –– flava 34 142 –– femoral nerve 772 –– plantar metatarsal vein 769 –– gelatinosa 34 – recess 101, 399, 404 – digital –– scutuloauricular muscle 146 –– rubra 34 – region 686–687 –– artery 490 – surface of scapula 171 – pili 638 – sinus 87, 93, 101, 107, 403,404, –– flexor muscle 302, 305–306, 308 – thyroid vein 591 – renis 421 686, 691 –– flexor tendon 302 – tympaniform membrane 759 – spinalis 61, 515 –– caudal/rostral compartment 404 –– nerves 568 – vastus muscle 290, 293, 294, 307 Medullary –– septum 686 –– palmar vein 495 – ventral sacrococcygeal muscle 167, – body of cerebellum 533 – tubercle 79, 88, 105 – dilator muscle of nostril 143 169, 169 – cavity 29, 30, 30 – vein 142, 495, 689–690, 693, 701 – dorsal sacrococcygeal muscle 167, Median 26 –– secondary 31,34 Maxilloturbinate 83, 87, 97 169, 169 – artery 485, 487, 491, 667, 677, 724, – cone 515, 516–517 Maximum Intensity Projection – epicondyle 175, 180, 255 728–729 – pyramids 423 (MIP) 792 – fascial sheet of mammary gland 642 – caudal artery 764 – sinus of lymph node 501, 502 MCM (membrane coating – femoral condyle 257 – coccygeal artery 169 – striae of fourth ventricle 536 material) 637 – femoropatellar – crest of cricoid cartilage 406–407 Mega-oesophagus 352 Meatus –– fibrocartilage 273 – crista galli 100 Meibomian glands 641, 687 – acusticus 698 –– ligament 270 – cubital vein 495, 496, 498, 724, 728 Meissner plexus (submucosal nerve –– externus 79–80 – forearm region 724 – groove plexus) 64, 370,372,563 –– internus 80 – geniculate –– of lingua 329 Meissner‘s corpuscles 59, 637 – ethmoidalis 82 –– body 524, 556 –– of lips 328 Melanin 603

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Melanocyte-stimulating hormone – nerve plexus 375 – skeleton 263 –– cervical lymph nodes 504 (MSH) 588 – veins 373 – veins 496 –– scutuloauricular muscle 144 Melanocytes 637 Mesenteries 70, 70,321 Metatarsophalangeal – thoracic groove 703 Melatonin 524 – mechanoreceptors 70 – joint 266 – thyroid vein 591 Meliceris 690 Mesenterium 68 – region 732 Midsagittal fractures of proximal Membra – dorsale 321 Metatarsus 263 phalanx 207 – pelvina 730 – ventrale 321 Metathalamus 524 Milk 642 – thoracica 171, 722 Mesepididymis 459 Metencephalon 61, 520, 520,521,771 – crest 705 Membrana Mesial Metra 459, 766 – production 716 – atlantoaxialis dorsalis 131 – cups 343 Microglia cells 61, 62 – secretion 646 – basilaris 776 – surface of tooth 336 Microscopic anatomy 24 – vein 649, 705 – fibrosa 128 Mesocephalic skull 95 Microvilli 67 – well 649, 649 – interossei antebrachii 194 Mesocolic Midbrain 520, 523 Mimic musculature 139 – nictitans 612, 614, 687, 697 – longitudinal band 382 Middle Minimally invasive surgery 715 – obturatoria 265 – taenia 382 – abdominal region 704–705, 709 Minor – synovialis 128 Mesocolon 382 – carpal joint 195 – deep scutuloauricular muscle 146 – tectoria 630 – descendens 383 – cerebellar peduncles 522 – digit 748 – tympani 80, 620 Mesoderm 28, 43 – cerebral – dorsal straight muscle of head 148, –– secundaria 776 Mesoductus deferens 436 –– artery 528, 545, 545–548 153 – tympaniformis lateralis/medialis 759 Mesoduodenum 374, 393 –– peduncle 526 – duodenal papilla 392, 394–395 – vitrea 608 Mesofuniculus 438, 438, 736 – cervical ganglion 481, 558, 582–583, – palatine Membrane Mesogastrium 583–584, 706–707 –– foramen 77 – bones 33 – dorsale 71, 359 – clitoral artery 470 –– nerve 552, 553, 555, 560 – coating material (MCM) 637 – ventrale 71, 359 – clunial nerves 731 – petrosal nerve 554, 558 Membranous Mesoileum 375 – colic artery 372–373, 380,490 – salivary glands 333 – ducts of cochlea 630 Mesojejunum 375, 376, 378 – constrictor muscles 348 – sublingual salivary gland 333, 689 – labyrinth 628 Mesometrium 458, 468 – coronary vein 480 – teres muscle 219, 221, 224 – spiral lamina 632 Mesonephros 449, 468 – cranial fossa 78 , 100, 101, 104 Miosis 602 – tentorium cerebelli 540, 541–542 Mesonychium 652 – dorsal cerebral vein 547 – Horner’s syndrome 583 Meningeal branch Mesorchium 437– 440, 459 – ear 621, 621, 628, 698, 775, 775 Mitral valve 476 – of mandibular nerve 552 Mesorectum 323, 326, 378, 718 –– diseases 698 Mixed – of maxillary nerve 551 Mesosalpinx 458, 459, 462,468,468 – genicular artery 490, 494, 733 – glands 67 – of spinal nerve 563 Mesoscopy 779 – germ layer 28, 43 – nerves 63 – of vagus nerve 558 Mesotendineum 47,51 – gluteal muscle 283, 284–285, 286, Modified epithelial cells 59 Meninges 539, 542 Mesothelium 69 288–289, 291, 295, 730 Modiolus 628, 630–631 – of spinal cord 516 Mesotympanicum 621 – hepatic vein 757 Molar Meniscal ligaments 269, 271, 273 Mesovarium 450–451, 453, 458, 459, – interosseous muscle 46 – muscle 144 Meniscofemoral ligament 270–273, 462, 467, 717 –– of crus 300 – part 299 Metacarpal –– of forearm 200, 239 –– of mandible 92, 96 Meniscus 268, 271 – bones 38–40, 172,181,181–182, – inward rotator 144 –– of zygomatic muscle 142 Mental 183, 183, 184, 186, 186–187, 198 – layer of albumen 769 Molars (molares) 336, 339 – angle 90, 103 –– amputation 749 – levator muscle of concha 144 – extraction 691 – artery 94, 487, 488 – ergot/tuft 652 – ligaments Monocytes 501, 512 – foramen 91, 92, 94, 96, 104, – fascia 196 –– of proximal sesamoid bones 202 Mononuclear phagocytosis system 554, 694 – joint 173 –– of sesamoid bones 199 (MPS) 57, 501, 637 –– injection 736 – pads 650, 651, 659 – lobe of lung 414, 416, 416 Monoplegia 694 –– palpation 685 –– rudimentary 652 – mediastinal lymph nodes 318 Monostomatic salivary gland –– perineural anaesthesia 91 – region 723, 726 – mediastinum 317, 317 335, 337 – glands 642 –– blood vessels 727 – meningeal artery 94, 487 Monosynaptic – nerve 94, 104, 554–555 –– nerves 727 – nasal – reflex 63 – region 685, 686–687, 699 –– tendons 726 –– concha 83, 90, 100, 102, 401, 403, – spinal reflex arc 519 – tactile hairs 639, 642 – trochlea 187 405 Motor – vein 94 – tuberosity 186 –– meatus 83, 88, 101, 401–402, 404 – area 530, 537 Meridians 597 – veins 495–496 –– passage of paranasal sinuses 691 – cortex 535 Merkel cells 637 Metacarpointersesamoid ligament – part of suspensory ligament 200, – deficits 519 Mesencephalic 202, 206 204 – end plate 44, 60, 519 – aqueduct 523, 527, 541, 543, 771 Metacarpophalangeal – patellar ligament 270, 273 – function –– narrowing 541 – joints 198–201, 205 – phalanx 173, 1813 –18 , 184, 186, –– cerebellum 522 – duct 527 –– ligaments 198–199 187, 202, 204–205, 266 –– olivary nucleus 521 – trunk 771 – region 723 –– distal part 660 – nerve axon 44 Mesencephalon 520, 520,523,527, Metacarpus 184, 202 –– fractures 207 – nerve tracts 519 771 Metaphysis 29,34 –– of horse 189 – neurons 60, 61, 63, 518 Mesenchymal – calcified cartilage 34 – rectal artery 470 –– boutons 65 – precursor cells 28 Metapodium 181, 244, 259 – renal – nucleus 519, 520 – stem cells 44 Metarterioles 55 –– artery 764 –– of facial nerve 694 Mesenteric Metatarsal –– division 763, 763–766 –– of medulla oblongata 537 – arteries 325, 372 – bones 38–40, 263, 265–266,751 – scalene muscle 150, 152, 153, 154, –– of pons 521 – ganglia 325 – joints 279 156, 158 –– of spinal cord 537 – ileal branch 373 – pads 650, 777 – sesamoid ligaments 198–200 –– of trigeminal nerve 549 – lymph nodes 372 – region 732, 733, 734 – superficial Mouth 327

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Movements, extrapyramidal – lesions 565 –– naris medialis 139, 143 – lumbricales system 537 Musculophrenic artery 483 –– pupillae 603, 773 –– of forearm 239 MPS (mononuclear phagocytosis Musculospiral groove 175, 176–177 – dorsi 154 –– of hindlimb 303 system) 57, 501, 637 Musculotubal canal 80 – extensor 47 – malaris 139 MSH (melanocyte-stimulating Musculus(-i) –– carpi radialis 223, 749 – masseter 145, 347 hormone) 588 – abdominis 163 –– carpi ulnaris 223 – membri Mucosa 352 – abductor 47 –– digiti I et II 225 –– pelvini 280 – epithelium 66–67 –– cruris caudalis 287 –– digitorum brevis 303 –– thoracici 211 – muscular layer 352 –– pollicis longus 225 –– digitorum communis 225 – mentalis 139 – of intestine 370, 371 – adductor 47 –– digitorum lateralis 225, 298 – multipennatus 46 – of large intestine 371 –– brevis 292 –– digitorum longus 298 – mylohyoideus 145, 151, 331, 349 – of oesophagus 352 –– longus 292 –– hallucis longus 298 – nasi 143 – of oral cavity 689 –– magnus 292 – facialis 139 – obliquus – of small intestine 373 – anconeus 222 – fibularis cranialis, brevis, longus –– capitis cranialis/caudalis 148 – of stomach 354 – articularis et tertius 298 –– dorsalis 612 – superficial layer 352 –– coxae 292 – flexor 47 –– externus abdominis 163 Mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue –– humeri 220 –– carpi radialis/ulnaris 223 –– internus abdominis 163 (MALT) 57, 67 – arytenoideus transversus 409 –– digitorum brevis 239, 303 –– ventralis 612 Mucous – auriculares 143, 146 –– digitorum lateralis/medialis – obturatorius externus/internus 292 – glands 67 –– caudales 139 301–302 – occipitohyoideus 151, 349 – proper membrane 67 –– dorsales 139 –– digitorum profundus 229, 301 – omohyoideus 149, 351 Müllerian cells 604, 606 –– profundi 139 –– digitorum superficialis 229, 301 – omotransversarius 154, 211 Müllerian duct 468 –– rostrales 139 – frontalis 138 – orbicularis 47 Multiaxial joints 40 – biceps 47 – fusiformis 47 –– oculi 139 Multifidus muscle 157–158, 158, 159, –– brachii 222 – gastrocnemius 301 –– oris 139 160, 497 –– femoris 287 – gemelli 292 – palatopharyngeus 348 Multilobar kidney 422 – bipennatus 46 – genioglossus 331 – papillares 475 Multipennate muscle 46, 46 – biventer 47 – geniohyoideus 151, 349 – parietoauricularis 144 Multiplanar Reformation (MPR) 792 –– cervicis 157 – gluteofemoralis 282 – parotidoauricularis 139 Multipolar – brachialis 222 – gluteus medius, profundus – pectinati 474 – neurons 60, 62 – brachiocephalicus 154, 211 et superficialis 282 – pectineus 290 – pyramidal cells 61 – brachioradialis 223 – gracilis 290 – pectoralis 750, 751 Muscle/s – buccinator 139 – hyoglossus 331 –– descendens 213 – accessory structures 47,50 – bulbospongiosus 322, 447 – hyoidei 149 –– profundus 213 – activity, extrapyramidal system 537 – caninus 139 – hyoideus transversus 151, 349 –– superficialis 154, 211 – antagonists 47 – capitis 139 – hyopharyngeus 348 –– transversus 213 – belly 44 – caudae 167 – iliacus 281 – piriformis 282 – cells 44 – ceratohyoideus 151, 349 – iliocaudalis 167 – popliteus 293 – contractions 47 – cervicoauricularis – iliopsoas 280 – praeputiales 138 – forms 46 –– medius 144 – incisivi 139 – pronator 47 – functional effect 47 –– profundus 144 – infraspinatus 218 –– quadratus 223 – hypotonus 47 –– superficialis (accessorius) 144 – intercostales 161 –– teres 223 – locomotion 47 – ciliaris 602, 773 –– externi 161 – psoas – of columella 775, 775 –– anterior/posterior 773 –– interni 161 –– major 281 – pump 56 – cleidobrachialis 212 – interflexorii 229, 303 –– minor 280 – regeneration 44 – cleido-occipitalis 212 – interosseus(-i) – pterygoideus lateralis/medialis – spindles 44 – coccygeus 167, 322 –– medius 46, 200 145, 347 – strength/tension 46 – colli 149 –– of forearm 239 – pterygopharyngei 348 – synergists 47 – columellae 775 –– of hindlimb 303 – pubocaudalis 167 – tone 47, 524 – complexus 157 – interspinales 155, 159 – quadratus – work, speed of contraction 46 – coracobrachialis 220 – intertransversarii 155, 159 –– femoris 292 Muscular – crassus –– caudae 167 –– lumborum 280–281 – grooves of thorax 703 –– caudodorsalis 754 –– dorsales et ventrales cervicis 159 –– plantae 303 – lacuna 280– 281, 732 –– cranioventralis 754 –– lumborum 159 – quadriceps 47 – layer – cremaster 166 –– thoracis 159 –– femoris 293 –– of intestine 370, 371–372 – cricoarytenoideus dorsalis/ – ischiocavernosus 322, 447 – rectus –– of jejunum 371 lateralis 409 – lateralis nasi 139, 143 –– abdominis 163 –– of oesophagus 352, 352 – cricopharyngeus 348 – latissimus dorsi 154, 211 –– capitis dorsalis major/minor 148 –– of stomach 354, 355 – cricothyroideus 409 – levator 47 –– capitis lateralis/ventralis 148 – process – cutaneus(-i) 50, 138 –– anguli oculi lateralis/medialis 139 –– dorsalis, lateralis, medialis –– of malleus 625 –– capitis 138 –– ani 322 et ventralis of eyeball 611 –– of stapes 622 –– colli 138 –– labii superioris 139 –– femoris 293 – stomach 752–753, 754, 755–756, –– omobrachialis 138 –– nasolabialis 139 –– thoracis 161 768 –– trunci 138 – levatores costarum 161 – retractor Musculature 26 – deltoideus 218 – linguae 330 –– bulbi 612 – efferent motor nerves 59 – depressor 47 – longissimus atlantis, capitis, cervicis, –– costae 161 – sensory nerve endings 44 –– labii inferioris/superioris 139 lumborum et thoracis 155 –– penis 447 Musculocutaneous nerve 563–564, – diagastricus 145 – longus – rhomboideus capitis, cervicis et 564, 569,723,725, 728–729 – dilatator 47 –– capitis 148 thoracis 216 – cutaneous innervation 572 –– naris apicalis 139, 143 –– colli 149 – rotator(-es) 47, 157

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– sacrococcygeus –– nasi 139 – plane 685 Nerve/s 62 –– dorsalis lateralis/medialis 167 –– thoracis 161 – plate 328, 399 – cells 60 –– ventralis lateralis/medialis 167 – trapezius 211 Nasolacrimal – endings 63 – sartorius 290 – triceps 47 – canal 85, 690 – tissue 60 – scalenus dorsalis, medius et –– brachii 222 – duct 97, 402, 614, 615, 685 – transmission of information 65 ventralis 149 – trunci 149 Nasomaxillary Nervous system 26, 58–59, 515 – scutularis 139 – unipennatus 46 – aperture 108, 109, 403, 404 – barriers 65 – scutuloauricularis profundus major/ – urethralis 718 – meatus 109 – functions 59 minor 144 – vastus intermedius, lateralis – opening 101 – motoric functions 59 – semimembranosus 287 et medialis 293 Nasopharyngeal – sensory functions 59 – semispinalis capitis, cervicis et thora- – zygomaticus 139 – meatus 77, 86, 89, 90, 100, 100, 102 – single functional unit 58 cis 157 Mydriasis 602, 604 – tube 691 Nervus(-i) 62 – semitendinosus 287 Myelencephalon 61, 520, 520–521, Nasopharynx 89, 347, 397, 398, 780 – abducens (VI) 554, 615 – serrati dorsales 154, 161 523, 771 Nasus 398 – accelerantes 481 – serratus Myelin 61 Navel 319 – accessorius (XI) 559 –– dorsalis caudalis/cranialis 161 Myelin sheath 60,61–62 Navicular –– neurectomy 152 –– ventralis cervicis/thoracis 213, 217 Myelinated ascending nerve fibres 519 – bone 187, 189, 204, 205, 660, – alveolaris inferior 552 – soleus 301 Myelography 791 670, 670 – auricularis – sphincter 47 Myenteric nerve plexus (Auerbach –– chronic laminitis 207 –– caudalis 144 –– ani externus 322 plexus) 64, 370,372,563, 586 –– parasagittal fractures 207 –– magnus 562 –– ani internus 372 Mylohyoid – bursa 205, 209, 237, 239, 241, 660, – auriculopalpebralis 144 –– cardiae 352, 354 – muscle 145, 147, 150,151,151, 216, 670 – auriculotemporalis 552 –– colli profundus 138 331, 349, 688 –– intrabursal injection 730 – axillaris 564–565 –– colli superficialis 138 – nerve 147, 553, 554 – disease 678 – buccalis 552 –– ilei 379 Myoblasts 44 Neck 699 – cardiaci cervicales 583 –– pupillae 603, 773 Myocardium 476, 477 – cells of gastric glands 354 – caroticus internus 583 –– pylori 354 Myocytes of heart 480 – computed tomography (CT) 795 – ciliares breves 603, 617 –– urethrae 322 Myofibrils 45 – cutaneous – clunium – spinalis cervicis/thoracis 157 Myometrium 463, 469 –– innervation 572 –– caudales 574 – splenius capitis/cervicis 149 Myosin filaments 44 –– muscles 138, 140–141, 700 –– craniales 568 – stapedius 623 Myotactic reflex 519 – deep muscles 151, 157, 160 – communicantes albi 582 – sternocephalicus 154, 211 Myringotomy 698 – intramuscular injection 736 – craniales 548 – sternocleidomastoideus 154, 211 – long muscles 155, 157, 159 – cutaneus – sternohyoideus 149, 351 N – lymph nodes 504 –– femoris caudalis 574 – sternomandibularis 211–212 – muscles 149, 749 –– femoris lateralis 571 – sternomastoideus 211 Nail 651–652, 653 – of femur 253, 254–255 –– surae caudalis 576 – sterno-occipitalis 211–212 Nares 614 – of fibula 259 –– surae lateralis 576 – sternothyroideus 149, 351 – region 691 – of humerus 175, 176–177, – ethmoidalis 551 – styloauricularis 139 Nasal 26 190–191 – facialis (VII) 80, 147, 347, 554, 615 – styloglossus 331 – angle of eyelid 612, 613 – of malleus 621, 622, 625 – femoralis 571 – stylohyoideus 151, 349 – bone 74–75, 84, 96–97, 398, 400 – of radius 178–179 – fibularis communis 576 – stylopharyngeus caudalis 557 – cartilages 398, 398, 399, 399 – of rib 126, 126 – genitofemoralis 570 – subclavius 213 – cavity 84, 86, 100, 108, 397, 402, – of scapula 174–175 – glossopharyngeus (IX) 557 – subcostales 161 690, 758 – of stapes 622, 625 – gluteus – subscapularis 220 –– floor/roof 84 – of talus 262 –– caudalis 574 – supinator 47, 223 – conchae 100, 108, 400, 402, 758 – of teeth 335 –– cranialis 574 – supracoracoideus 750, 751 – crest 88–89 – of urinary bladder 429 – hypogastrici 584 – supramammarii 138 – diverticulum 685 – palpable bony structures 737 – hypoglossus (XII) 559 – supraspinatus 218 – glands 758 – radiograph 116, 118 – iliohypogastricus 570 – temporalis 347 – meatus 100, 403 – regions 690–691, 698–699, 700 – ilioinguinalis 570 – tensor – opening 102 –– injections 702 – infraorbitalis 551 –– fasciae antebrachii 222 – part –– spinal puncture 702 – infratrochlearis 551 –– fasciae latae 282 –– of pharynx 351 – short muscles 159 – lacrimalis 551 –– tympani 623 –– of temporal bone 81 – stratigraphy 699 – laryngeus – tenuis caudodorsalis/ – plate 399 – superficial –– cranialis/caudalis 410 caudoventralis 756 –– grooves 399 –– muscles 153 –– recurrens 62, 316–317, 410 – teres – process of incisive bone 88, 90 –– structures 701 – lingualis 552 –– major 220 – puncta 402 – veins 493, 495 – lumbales 568

–– minor 218 – region 685, 686–687, 691 Necrosis, occlusion of terminal – mandibularis (V3) 347, 552 – thoracis 159 – septum 84, 86, 100, 398, 400, arteries 53 – massetericus 552 – thyroarytenoideus 409 402–403 Neocerebellum 522 – masticatorius 552

– thyrohyoideus 151 – sinuses, drug application 691 Neopallium 525, 528, 535 – maxillaris (V2)551 – thyropharyngeus 348 – spine of palatine bone 89 – motor cortex 535 – medianus 565–566 – tibialis – surface of maxilla 87 – sensorial area 535 – musculocutaneus 564 –– caudalis 301–302 – vestibule 402, 685, 687, 690, 758 Neopulmo 760 – mylohyoideus 147 –– cranialis 277, 298 Nasociliary nerve 551, 552, 560, 615 Nephron 421 – nasalis caudalis 552 – tracheales 758 Nasoincisive notch 84, 87, 402, 686 Nephros 419 – nasociliaris 551 – transversospinales 155, 157 Nasolabial Nephrosplenic – obturatorius 243, 571 – transversus – levator muscle 139, 142, 143, 144, – entrapment 378 – oculomotorius (III) 549, 615 –– abdominis 163 685 – ligament 359–360, 393, 513 – olfactorii (I) 549

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Nervus(-i) – of spleen 513 – bone 74, 74–75 Omasum 361–362, 366, 366, 378,

– ophthalmicus (V1) 551 Nodulus(-i) – condyle 75, 77, 83, 89, 95, 105, 130, 720–721 – opticus (II) 549, 606, 615 – lymphatici conjunctivales 614, 698 130, 748 – blood supply 369 – palatinus major/minor 552 – valvulae semilunaris 475 – lobe 515, 523, 525, 529, 529 – histological section 366 – pectorales craniales et caudales 562 Nodus(-i) – process 79 – impaction 367 – pelvini 575 – atrioventricularis 480 – vein 495, 700 – non-glandular mucosa 366 – petrosus major 554 – lymphatici 501 Occipitohyoid muscle 149, 151, 349 – projection onto lateral body wall 743 – pterygoideus lateralis/medialis 552 – sinuatrialis 480 Occipitomandibular part of digastric Omental – pterygopalatinus 551 Non-protrusible phallus 765 muscle 147, 149–150 – bursa 70, 71, 359, 368, 369 – pudendus 575 Non-specific Occlusal surface of teeth 336 – foramen 359, 360, 393 – radialis 565 – connective tissue 68 Ocular – impression 385 – rectales caudales 575 – immune system 57 – adnexa 610 – veil 360 – sacrales 574 Noradrenaline 64–65, 581, 595–596 – fundus 605, 615–616 Omentopexy 715 – saphenus 571 Noradrenergic neurons 61 – pressure 599 Omentum – spinalis 562 Nose 398, 398 Oculomotor – majus 71, 358 – splanchnicus(-i) – muscles 143 – nerve (III) 522,523,524, 528, 549, – minus 71, 358 –– lumbales 583 – printing 634 550, 560, 585, 603, 611, 612, 615, Omobrachial –– major/minor 319, 583 – twitch 693 687 – muscle 141 –– pelvini 584 Nostril 328, 398, 402, 685 –– synapse 586 – vein 701 – stapedius 554 – region 686–687 – nuclei 537 Omohyoid muscle 142, 149, 150, 152, – subscapulares 562 Notarium 748 Odontoblasts 337, 339 154, 351, 688, 701 – suprascapularis 564 Nuchal Oesophageal Omotransverse muscle 212, 212, – temporalis(-es) – bursitis 701 – branches of broncho-oesophageal 214–215, 217, 220, 226, 311, 722, –– profundi 552 – crest 75, 80, 82, 88–89, 95, 101, 105 artery 489 782 –– superficialis 552 – funiculus 133 – hiatus 69, 161, 162, 319, 392 Omphalos 319 – terminalis 549 – lamina 133–134 – obstruction 703 Oocyte 452, 453, 765 – thoracicus lateralis/longus 562 – ligament 75, 132, 133, 134, 136, 160, – part of pharynx 351 Open castration 715 – thoracodorsalis 562 309, 497 – vein 358 Ophthalmic

– tibialis 576 – line 75 Oesophagus 317, 327, 331, 351–352, – nerve (V1) 94, 551, 552, 560, 615, – trigeminus (V) 549, 615 – plane 82 352, 706, 752, 753, 753 687, 696 – trochlearis (IV) 549, 615 – process 80, 92 – cervical portion 352 –– neurological examination 693 – ulnaris 565–566 – subligamental bursae 701 – dilatation 352 – plexus 688 – vagus (X) 557 Nuclear medicine 802 – innervation 352 Optic – vertebralis 583 Nucleus(-i) – surgery 703 – area of cerebral cortex 617 – vestibulocochlearis (VIII) 80, 556 – ambiguus 550, 557, 559 Oestrogen/s 452, 596, 645–646 – axis 597 – zygomaticus 551 – caudatus 527, 529 Oestrus cycle 452, 463 – canal 77, 78, 78–79, 94, 97, 101, 102, Neural – cuneatus 531 – rectal examination 453 102, 551,606 – arch of vertebra 109 – gracilis 531 Oikotropic nerves 548 – chiasm 78, 104, 522, 524, 524, 528, – crest 596 – motorius n. trigemini 549 Olecranal ligament 192, 193 533, 536, 549, 606, 771, 771 – tube 61, 541 – of abducent nerve 556 Olecranon 178–180, 181, 193–194 – disc 549, 598, 605, 606, 607, 616 Neuroblasts 61 – of accessory nerve 559 – fossa 175, 181, 191 –– inner wall 604 Neurocranium 74 – of lens 607, 609 – fracture 730 – fissure 551 Neurocytes 60 – of mesencephalic tracts 549 – line 745 – foramen 606 Neuroectodermis 60 – of sympathetic trunk 63 – tuber 173, 178–179, 192–193 – nerve (II) 94, 522, 524, 533, 536, Neuroepithelial layer of retina 605, 606 – olivaris 521 Olfactory 549, 560, 598–599, 606, 610, 615, Neuroglandular synapses 65 – pulposus 131, 132, 133, 135, 517 – area 528, 530 617, 687, 697, 771 Neuroglia 61 –– prolapse 703 – bulb 522, 524,525,526, 528, – organs 524 Neurohormonal reflex arc of mammary – ruber 523 530–531, 771, 781 – part of retina 599, 604, 604 glands 645 Nutrient arteries of bones 31, 36 – epithelium 549 – radiation 536, 617 Neurohypophysis 524, 587, 588–589 – gyrus 528, 530 – reflexes 617 Neuromodulators 61, 65 O – mucosa 397 – thalamus 534, 536, 617 Neuromuscular synapses 65 –– haemorrhage 691 – tract 524, 524, 528, 534, 536,617 Neurons 58, 60, 62 Obex 523, 526–527, 532 – nerves (I) 82, 525, 531,549,551, 560 Ora serrata 601, 603, 604 – form 61 Oblique – pathway 524–525, 531 Oral 26 – of spinal cord 518 – line of thyroid cartilage 406 – peduncle 528, 531 – cavity 327, 327, 329–330, 402, 689, – processes 60 – popliteal ligament 269 – region 397, 758 753, 754 Neuropeptide Y 64–65 – septum of coelomic cavity 751, 752, – tract 528, 528, 530 –– cornified, stratified squamous Neuropil 60 757 – trigone 522, 528, 531, 547 epithelium 327 Neuroplasma 60 – sesamoid ligament 200, 203, 204, Oligodendrocytes 60, 519 –– gums 327 Neurosecretory cells 537 206 Oligodendroglia 61–62 –– mixed glands 327 Neurosensory synapses 65 – sinus of the pericardium 472 Olivary –– roof 84 Neurotransmitter 61 Obturator – eminence 521 –– sublingual floor 331 – synapses 65 – artery 470, 491, 494 – nucleus 521 – part of pharynx 351 Nictitating membrane 612, 614, – foramen 243, 246–248, 267 Omasal – region 685, 686–687 687, 697 – membrane 265, 267 – canal 367 – vestibule 329, 401 Nigroid bodies 603, 603–604 – nerve 243, 568, 571, 574,575,577, – contractions 366 Orbicular muscle Nissl substance 60 731 – groove 366 – of eye 142, 143, 145 Node of Ranvier 60 – vein 499 – laminae 366 – of mouth 139, 142, 143, 144, 150, Nodules Occipital – lymph nodes 370 685 – of semilunar cusp 475 – artery 486, 488, 693, 700 Omasoabomasal opening 366 Orbiculus ciliaris 601, 604

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Orbit (Orbita) 610, 611 – membri thoracici 171 Osteocytes 28, 32,33,33–34 Ovariectomy 464 – bony part 95 – metacarpale Osteogenesis 32 Ovariohysterectomy 450 Orbital –– quartum 186 – chondral 33 Ovarium 449, 765 – cavity 102 –– secundum 186 Osteogenic Ovary 449, 449, 453–456, 458–459, – fissure 77–78, 94, 97, 100, 102, 105, –– tertium 186 – layer of periosteum 30 468, 7160 , 72 –721, 752, 765, 766, 105, 549, 551, 553, 611 – metacarpi/metacarpalia 181, – potential 31 768, 773 – ligament 81, 85, 95, 148 183–184, 186 Osteoid 33, 34, 35, 35 – blood vessels 455–456 – part – metatarsi/metatarsalia 259, 263 Osteology 27 – endocrine/exocrine function 596 –– of lacrimal bone 85 – nasale 84 Osteon 32–33,35 – examination 718 –– of temporal bone 81 – naviculare 189 Osteonectin 33 – follicles 768 – plate of ethmoid bone 82 – nervi optici 773 Osteoprogenitor cells 31, 33 – ligaments 469 – region 685, 686, 687, 687 – occipitale 74 Ostium – parenchymatous zone/vascular Orbitosphenoidal crest 100, 104 – penis 443, 444, 445 – aortae 476 zone 451, 453 Orchis 433, 763 – plana 28 – atrioventriculare – position, form and size 449 Organ – pneumatica 28–29 –– dextrum 474 – projection onto lateral body wall 742 – capsule 68 – presphenoidale 78 –– sinistrum 476 – structure 451 – of Corti 556, 630, 631–632, 698 – pterygoideum 90 – caecocolicum 378–379 Oviduct 752, 766, 767–768 – systems 26 – pubis 243, 749 – cloacale ureteris 763 Ovomucoid 766 Organ-specific tissue 68 – quadratojugale 748 – ileale 378–379 Ovotransferrin 766 Organum(-a) – quadratum 748 – intrapharyngeum 347 Ovulation 452 – digitale 651 – sacrum 122 – pharyngeum tubae auditivae – fossa 451, 453, 456 – genitalia – sesamoideum 29 691, 695 Ox –– feminina 449, 765 –– distale 186, 189, 660, 670 – preputiale 446 – abdominal hernia 714 –– masculina 433, 763 –– musculi gastrocnemici 253 – reticulo-omasicum 366 – dental formulae 339 – lymphopoetica 471 –– proximale 186 – tympanicum tubae auditivae 695 – dentition 344, 346 – oculi accessoria 608 – sphenoidale 78 – ureteris 426 – digital synovial sheath 236–237 – urinaria 419 – tarsi 259 – urethrae – digits, tendons and synovial – vestibulocochleare 619, 775, 775 –– centrale 261 –– externum 430, 439, 463 sheaths 233 – visus 597, 772 –– fibulare 261–262 –– internum 439 – eye 602, 604 Origin of muscle 46 –– tibiale 261–262 – uteri externum/internum 460 – hoof 660 Orobasal organs 333 – temporale 79 – uterinum tubae uterinae 459 – injection sites Oropharynx 347, 753, 753 – ungulare 186, 660, 670 – vaginale 438 –– of carpal joints 198 Os(-sa) 27 – zygomaticum 85 Otic –– of elbow joint 193 – basisphenoidale 78 Ossein 33, 33–35 – ganglion 334, 553, 554, 557, 585, –– of femoropatellar joint 274 – brevia 28, 109 Osseous 586 –– of hip joint 268 – carpalia 181 – ampulla 629 – notch 95 –– of hock 279 – carpi 181, 182, 184 – bulges 31 Otoscope 698 –– of shoulder joint 191 –– accessorium 182, 206 – calcification 33, 34 Outer –– of stifle joint 274 –– intermedioradiale 184, 206 – labyrinth 628–629, 629 – circular layer of stomach 354 – intertubercular bursa 191 –– intermedium 182 – part of external acoustic meatus 620 – circumferential lamellae 32,36 – kidney 422 –– radiale 182, 749 – scleral ring 773, 775 – cuticle of hair 638, 641, 767 – laparotomy 715 –– ulnare 182, 184, 749 – semicircular canal 628 – ear 698 – pancreatic duct 393 – centroquartale 262 – spiral lamina 630, 632 – hair – parathyroid glands 593 – compedale 186, 785 – sutures 128 –– cells 632 – patellar ligament 270 – conchae 83, 403 – tentorium cerebelli 82, 99, 104 –– follicle 638 – pelvic – coracoideum 748 Ossicles of sclera 773 – inward rotator 144 –– cavity 251 – cordis 473 Ossiculum(-a) – layer –– ligaments 267 – cornuale 683 – auditus 80, 622 –– of compact bone 28 – perineural anaesthesia 91 – coronale 186, 660, 669 – sclerae 773 –– of cortex 61 – projections of organs onto body – costale 125 Ossification 33 –– of horn 680 wall 742, 744 – coxae 243, 247–248, 250–251 – centres 32, 73 –– of spinal arachnoid 701 – pulmonary lobes 417 – digitorum – chondral 33, 36 – mesodermal root sheath 638, 641 – renal calices 428 –– manus 181, 184, 186 – endochondral 31,33–34, 36 – nuclear layer of retina 605, 606 – spleen 513 –– pedis 259, 263 – intramembranous 33, 34 – phalanx cells 632 – sternocephalic muscle 211 – entoglossum 753 – of callus 31 – plexiform layer of retina 605, 606 – sternomandibular muscle 211 – ethmoidale 82 – perichondral 31, 33, 36 – shell membrane 767 – sternomastoid muscle 213 – femoris 252, 748, 749 – primary 33 – skin 26 – stomach 360–361 – frontalis 81 Osteoarthritis of tarsus 279 – table of frontal bone 106 – superficial digital flexor – hyoideum 84, 92, 99, 104 Osteoblast precursor cells 33 Oval tendon 726 – ilium 243, 749 Osteoblasts 28, 31, 33, 33, 34, 34 – foramen 77, 78, 78, 79, 89, 94, 98, – thoracic limb – incisivum 88, 402 – activation by calcitonin 36 100 –– dorsal nerves of hoof 666 – interparietale 82 – diff erentiation 33 – notch 78, 105 –– extrinsic and intrinsic – irregularia 28 – precursor cells 31 Ovalbumin 766 musculature 215 – ischii 247, 749 Osteocalcin 33 Ovarian –– palmar nerves of hoof 666 – lacrimale 85 Osteochondrosis – artery 450, 456, 469, 470,490,764 – thyroid gland 591 – lenticulare 622 – dissecans (OCD) 206, 727 – bursa 458, 459, 462,468 – tracheal cartilages 411 – longa 28 – of fetlock joint 207 – extremity of uterine tube 459 – ureter 428 – malleolare 259 Osteoclasts 31, 33, 33–35 – follicles 451 – vertebrae 117 – membranaceum lamellosum/reticu- – activation by parathyroid – ligament 716 Oxygenated blood 471, 475, 483 lofibrosum 35 hormone 36 – vein 456, 469 Oxytocin 587, 645

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P – pouches – dermal matrix 657 – groove of distal phalanx 187–188 –– of distal interphalangeal joints – duct – lobe 523, 525, 529, 529 Pacchioni granulations 540 201, 204 –– of kidney 422, 425, 425, 429 – peritoneum 70, 752 Pacemaker rate (chroniotropy) –– of metacarpal joints 200 –– of teat 643, 647–648 – plane 82 of heart 481 –– of metacarpophalangeal joints 198, –– of udder 645 – pleura 70, 412, 752 Pachymeninx 542 201, 208 – layer 635, 652, 676 – region 686–687 Palate 328 –– of pastern joints 200 – muscles 473, 475–476, 476, 481 – serosa 70, 70 Palatine – process of digital phalanx 187 – process 385, 386, 388 –– of stomach 355 – bone 74–75, 89, 89 – radiocarpal ligament 196 Para-aortic bodies 596 – surface of distal phalanx 188 –– pneumatised in horse 405 – surface of distal phalanx 189 Parabronchi 760, 762 – vaginal tunic 437 – canal 89, 103 – ulnocarpal ligament 196 Paracloacal vascular body 757 Parietoauricular muscle 144, 146 – fissure 88 – wall of carpal synovial sheath 238 Paraconal interventricular branch 479 Parotid – foramen 79 Palpable bony structures 736 Paracondylar process 75, 77–78, 80, – branch of facial nerve 557 – process – of back 737 82–83, 89, 96, 105, 129, 151, 626 – duct 142, 334, 336–337,687, –– of incisive bone 88, 89–90, 108 – of dog 741 Paracuneal groove 671, 672 689–690, 692, 698, 701 –– of maxilla 88, 89–90, 108 – of head 737 Parafollicular zone of lymph node 503 – fascia 699 – raphe 330 – of horse 741 Paraganglia 596 – gland 142, 150, 336, 504, 692,700, – ridge 754 – of neck 737 Parahippocampal gyrus 530 701 – sinus 87–89, 93 – of pelvic limb 740 Parallel laminae of omasum 366 – lymph – surface of incisive bone 88 – of thoracic limb 737 Paralumbar fossa 365, 709 –– centre 504 – tonsil 329–331, 349, 350, 691 – of thorax 737 Paralysis 699 –– nodes 335–337, 504, 507, 681, 699 Palatopharyngeal Palpebra(-ae) 612 – of facial nerve (VII) 556, 694–695 – papilla 686 – arches 347 – inferior 612 – of left recurrent laryngeal nerve 507 – region 686– 687, 700 – muscle 348, 350 – superior 612 – of radial nerve 565 – salivary gland 334, 335 Palatum 328 – tertia 614 – of suprascapular nerve 564, 727 Parotidoauricular muscle 142, 144, – durum 328 – tertia seu nictitans 612, 687 – of tongue 331, 559 146, 150, 690, 699 – molle 328, 347 Palpebral Paramedian plane 26 Pars – osseum 98, 103 – branch of auriculopalpebral Paramesonephric ducts 459 – acromialis musculi deltoidei 219 Palea 777 nerve 689 Parametrium 463, 469 – ascendens duodeni 374, 756 Paleocerebellum 522 – conjunctiva 613, 614 Paranal sinus 384 – auditiva labyrinthi 630 Paleopallium 525 – muscles 611 Paranasal sinuses 87, 93, 108, 403, 404, – basilaris ossis occipitalis 74 Paleopulmo 760 Pampiniform plexus 438, 439, 736 691, 758 – buccalis m buccinatoris 142 Pallium 525 Pancreas 327, 375, 391, 392–394, 753, – spread of infections 108 – caeca retinae 598, 603 Palmar 26 755, 756, 756 – trepanation 691 – cardiaca 353 – anular ligament 200–201, 202–203, – blood supply 392 Pararectal fossa 319, 319, 323, 326, – cartilaginea tubae auditivae 623 207, 237, 241 – endocrine/exocrine function 391 716–717 – cervicalis – arteries 657 – innervation 393 Parasympathetic –– medullae spinalis 515 – branch – lymphatics 393 – ganglia 63 –– musculi trapezii 211 –– of medial digital nerve 571 Pancreatic –– of cranial nerves 585 – ciliaris retinae 603 –– of middle phalanx nerve 570 – body 394 – nerves 585, 585 – coccygea medullae spinalis 515 –– of ulnar nerve 567 – duct 391, 394 – nervous system 63, 586 – costalis diaphragmatis 161 – carpal rete 485 – islets 392, 596, 773 – nucleus(-i) 520, 586 – cranialis duodeni 374 – carpometacarpal ligament 196 – lobe 394 –– of facial nerve 586 – cunealis pulvini digitalis 674 – common digital – notch 391, 394 –– of glossopharyngeal nerve 557, 586 – descendens duodeni 374, 756 –– arteries 486, 487, 491, 677, 729 – ring 391, 394 –– of oculomotor nerve 586 – disseminata 441 –– nerves 666, 667 Pancreaticoduodenal –– of spinal cord 517 – endotympanica 80 –– veins 677, 729 – lymph nodes 372, 393, 507, 507–508 –– of vagus nerve 558 – flaccida membranae tympani 620 – deep fascia 211 – vein 500 – preganglionic cell bodies 558 – glandularis of stomach 754, 755 – digital arteries 664–665, 667,675, Panniculus adiposus 633 – system 538 – incisiva mandibulae 90 725 – internus 165 Parasympathicus 63–64 – infundibularis adenohypophysis 587 –– anastomosis 497 Papilla(-ae) – trophotropic functions 64 – intermedia adenohypophysis 587 – intercarpal ligament 196 – conicae 330 Paraterminal gyrus 531 – iridica retinae 603 – lateral digital nerve 677 – coriales 664, 680 Parathyroid – laryngea pharyngis 347 – ligament/s 200, 206 – dermales 654, 680 – glands 592, 592, 773 – lateralis ossis occiptalis 75 –– of proximal interphalangeal – ductus deferentis 765 –– thyroidectomy 593 – longa glandis 444 joint 204 – duodeni major/minor 391 – hormone 36, 593 – lumbalis –– of proximal sesamoid bones 202 – filiformes 330 Paraventricular nuclei 537, 587, 589, –– diaphragmatis 161 – medial digital – foliatae 330 607 –– medullae spinalis 515 –– artery 487 – fungiformes 330 Paravertebral – molaris –– branch of musculocutaneous – gustatoriae 329–330 – anaesthesia 714 –– m. buccinatoris 142 nerve 569 – ilealis 379 – ganglia of sympathetic chain 539 –– mandibulae 90 –– nerve 569, 677 – mammae 642–643 Parenchymatous organs 68 – muscularis of stomach 754, 755 – metacarpal – marginales 330 Parenchyme 68 – nasalis –– arteries 677 – mechanicae 329 Paries corneus 652 –– of temporal bone 81 –– fascia 726 – pharyngeales 758 Parietal –– pharyngis 347 –– nerve 570–571 – transverse ridges of hard palate 328 – bone 74–75,81 – occipitomandibularis of digastric –– veins 677 – uropygialis 776 – cells of gastric glands 354 muscle 147 – nerves – vallatae 330 – cusp – optica retinae 598, 603 –– of foot 666 Papillary –– of bicuspid valve 478 – oralis pharyngis 347 –– of thoracic limb 666 – body 635, 636 –– of tricuspid valve 478 – orbitalis of temporal bone 81

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– ossea tubae auditivae 623, 695 –– reproductive organs 716–717 – musculocavernous type 445, 448 – adhesions 71 – papillaris sinus lactiferi 643 –– retroperitoneal muscles, organs, – types 445 – parietal/visceral layer 321 – parasympathica 63 vessels and nerves 325 Pennae 778 – pouches 322 – pelvina urethrae 430, 433, 439 –– topography 720 – contornae 778 Peritonitis 71 – penina urethrae 430, 439 – diaphragm 280, 321–322, 469 Pentachromatic perception of light 773 Perivascular – petrosa ossis temporalis 79 – fascia 138 Perforating tarsal artery 494 – branches of cervicothoracic – plana 601 – flexure 377, 380,381,381, 382–383 Perianal glands 641 ganglion 583 – plicata 601 – ganglions 583 Periarterial lymphatic sheath 513 – sympathectomy 678 – preprostatica 430 – girdle 243, 265 Pericardial Permanent – prostatica 430 –– bones 748,749 – cavity 69, 317, 471, 751 – dentition of horse 339, 341 – pylorica 353 – head – pleura 315, 317 – horn, capsule 656 – recta ductus deferentis 765 –– of biceps muscle of thigh 287 Pericarditis, traumatic 365 – incisors 343, 346 – sacralis medullae spinalis 515 –– of semitendinous muscle 288 Pericardium 70, 317, 471 –– eruption 344 – scapularis musculi deltoidei 219 – inlet 321 – fibrosum/serosum 471 – teeth 335 – spongiosa urethrae 430 – limb 749 Perichondral ossification 31,33–34, 36 Perpendicular plate – squamosa ossis temporalis 75, 79 –– arteries 731 Perichondrium 28, 33, 46 – of ethmoid bone 77,82 – statica labyrinthi 629 –– bones 748 – stratum chondrogenicum 33 – of palatine bone 89, 97 – sternalis diaphragmatis 161 –– deep muscles 295 Perikaryon 60, 60 Persistent – sympathica 63 –– dorsal digital nerves 668 Perilymphatic duct 619 – ductus arteriosus 483, 704 – tensa membranae tympani 620 –– extrinsic muscles 280 Perimetrium 463, 469 – right aortic arch 704 – thoracica –– fasciae 280 Perimysium 44, 45 Pes (skeleton) 259 –– medullae spinalis 515 –– girdle musculature 280, 281–282, Perineal Pessulus 759 –– musculi trapezii 211 283, 290, 294 – cavity, serous menbranes 70 PET (Positron Emission Tomogra- – torica pulvini digitalis 674 –– inner muscles 292, 295, 298 – region 469, 731, 734 phy) 802 – tympanica of temporal bone 80 –– innervation of digit 659 Perineum 469, 734 Petro-occipital fissure 75, 94, 103, 106 Pastern –– innervation of hoof 678 Perineural anaesthesia Petrosal – bone 785 –– intrinsic muscles 281, 290, 294 – landmarks 91 – crest 80 – joint 198, 200, 203, 205, 662 –– lymph nodes 508 – of infraorbital nerve 87 – ganglion 550,557,558 –– arthritis 207 –– muscles 280, 296, 772 Perineurium 62, 64 Petrosum 79 –– exostoses 207 –– musculature 297 Periodontal ligament 337, 338 Petrous part of temporal bone 74–75, – region 723, 732 –– palpable bony structures 740 Periodontium 337 77, 79, 80, 821 –83, 10 , 105–106, 129, Patagia 777 –– plantar nerves 667 Perioplic 619 – muscles 749 –– regions 730, 732, 732–734 – cushion 674–675 Peyer’s patches 67, 372, 373, 374–375, Patella 38–40, 256, 257–258, 293, –– scintigraphy 802 – fold 674–675 378 731–732 –– sectional anatomy 788–789 – groove 672 Phalangeal – luxation 735 –– skeleton 244–245, 288–289 – horn 671 – cells of organ of Corti 630 Patellar –– statics and dynamics 311 – segment 651–653, 653, 656, 658, – joints 198–199, 206–207, 266, 279 – ligament 269, 270–271, 297 –– superficial muscles 284–285, 663, 665, 668, 671, 672, 674–675 –– of horse 201 – proximal fixation 735 287–289 –– dermis 661, 671 –– of ruminants 200 – region 732, 732 –– topography 736–739 –– epidermis 661, 671 – region 732, 733, 735 – retinacula 269 –– veins 496, 499 –– of hoof 661, 664 Phalanx(-ges) 748 Paw, arteriogram 660 – nerves 575, 585, 586 –– subcutis 661, 671 – distalis, media et proximalis 186 Pecten – organs 378 Periorbita 610, 610, 687 – manus 181 – oculi 773, 774 – outlet 321 Periorchium 70 – pedis 259 – of pubis 243, 246–247, 251 – parasympathicus 64 Periosteal collar 34 Phallic bodies 757 Pectinate – part Periosteum 27, 29,30,31–32, 34, 46, Phallus 757, 765 – ligament 609 –– of ureter 425 610, 652 – nonprotrudens/protrudens 765 – muscle 474, 476–477 –– of urethra 430, 439 Peripapillary Pharyngeal Pectineal – plexus 430, 470, 575, 584, 586 – epidermis 655 – branch – muscle 282, 291, 294 – splanchnic nerves 584 – horn 635 –– of glossopharyngeal nerve 557, 558 – myectomy 292 – symphysis 243, 246, 265 Peripheral –– of vagus nerve 558, 558 Pectoral – urethra 441 – anastomoses 53 – cavity 84, 753 – cavity 315 Pelvis 38–40, 123, 248, 764 – autonomic nervous system 580 – infection of auditory tube 698 – girdle 171 – fasciae 280 – circulatory system 53 – opening of auditory tube 351, 403, – muscles 216–217, 750, 751 – ligaments 267 – facial nerve paralysis 694 623, 626,691,694, 695 Pedal joints 276 – radiograph 252–253 – glial cells 63 – papillae 754 Pediculus arcus vertebrae 109 – renalis 425 – lymph follicle 502 – plexus 558 Pedunculi cerebri 523 Pendulous crop 772 – lymphatic organs 510 – pouches 511 Pellucid Penicilliform (brushlike) arteries – nervous system (PNS) 58, 62, 515, – region 686–687 – septum 515, 527, 530, 533, 538 of spleen 513 548 – tonsil 349, 351 – zone 453 Penile Periportal hepatic lobules 385, 390 Pharyngobasilar fascia 137 Pelvic – bone 445, 446 Peritendineum 44 Pharynx 327, 327, 329–331, 347, 349, – axis 249 – part of urethra 430, 439 Peritenon 45 403, 691, 754 – bones, fused 749 Penis 433, 443, 444–445, 765 Peritoneal – constrictor muscles 348 – cavity 69, 122, 251, 315, 319, 321, – anaesthesia 716 – cavity 69, 70, 319, 321, 756 – external musculature 350 324, 721 – blood supply 448 – fluid 71 – lymphatic tissue 351 –– diameter 250 – fibroelastic type 445, 448 – organs 69 – lymphoreticular tissue 349 –– examination 717–718 – innervation 448 – vaginal process 714 Phenylephrine 603 –– lymph nodes 508 – lymphatic drainage 448 Peritoneum 70, 161, 319, 319, 322, Philipp muscle 229, 232 –– magnetic resonance imaging 324 – muscles 447 354, 371, 438 Philtrum 328, 329, 398

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Phosphate 36 Piriform – lumbosacralis 122, 568, 574, 772 Porus acusticus externus 80, 102 Photoreceptors 59, 604–605 – fossa 78, 105 – lymphaticus 58 Positron Emission Tomography Phrenic nerve 161, 317, 562, 706–707 – lobe 78, 522, 526, 528 – nervorum (PET) 802 Phrenicosplenic ligament 359–360, – muscle 283, 286, 730 –– myentericus (Auerbach plexus) 64 Postcapillary 392 – process 330 –– submucosus (Meissner plexus) 64 – venules 56 Phrenopericardiac ligament 472 – recesses 347 – pelvinus 470 – vessels 769 Physiological umbilical hernia 319 Pituitary gland 53, 521–522, 523–525, – pudendus 772 Postcardial Pia mater 539–540, 542 528, 533, 537, 587, 587–588, 772, – sacralis 574 – mediastinum 317, 318 Pig 773 – solaris 393, 584 –– contents 318 – abdominal organs 710–711 Pivot joint 40, 43, 130 Plica(-ae) – pleura 315 – caecum 380 Plane joints 41, 43, 132, 195 – caecocolica 379 Posterior – carpal bones 182 Planes 27 – ciliares 601 – chamber 598, 598–600, 607, 609, – cellulae ethmoidales 93 Plantar 26, 27 – circulares 460 774 – colon 383 – anular ligament 203, 677 – cutis 633 – ciliary arteries 615 – common digital extensor muscle 228 –– of fetlock joint 289, 306 – duodenocolica 374, 383 – epithelium of cornea 599, 601 – dental formulae 339 – arteries 657 – ileocaecalis 375, 378–379 – limiting membrane 599 – dentition 343, 345 – branch – of mesenteries 70 – pole of eyeball 597, 597 – dome of diaphragm, projection onto –– of lateral digital nerve 580 – ruminoreticularis 362, 365 Postganglionic neurons 64, 538, 581 body surface 745 –– of medial digital nerve 581 – semilunaris conjunctivae 614 Postsynaptic – dorsal/ventral conchal sinus 404 – common digital – synovialis 37 – membrane 65 – epihyoid ligament 93 –– arteries 675, 677 – uretericae 429 – neuron 65 – ethmoid cellules 404 –– nerves 667 – venae cavae 318, 496 Powder down feathers 778 – fibroelastic type of penis 445 –– veins 677 – vocalis 407, 409, 759 Precapillary sphincters 54 – genital organs, examination 722 – digital Plicate border of stomach 354 Precardial – hoof 659, 669, 669 –– arteries 497, 664–665, 675 Plumae (pulveraceae) 778 – mediastinum 316 – humerus 176 –– nerves of pelvic limb 667 Pluvipulmae 778 – pleura 315 – injection sites – lateral digital Pneumatic foramen 748 Precollector vessels 769 –– of carpal joints 198 –– artery 493 Pneumocytes 416 Precruciate gyrus 530 –– of elbow joint 193 –– nerves 677 Podocytes 421 Precursor skeleton of cartilage 32 –– of hock 279 –– vein 499 Pododerma 652 Prefrenular part of sublingual floor 331 –– of shoulder joint 191 – medial digital Podotheca 777 Preganglionic –– of stifle joint 274 –– artery 494 Podotrochlear – axons 586 – lacrimal sinus 404 –– vein 499 – apparatus, abnormalities 207 – motor neurons 61 – lateral digital extensor muscle 229 – metatarsal – bursa 205, 209, 239, 241, 726 – neurons 538, 581 – mammary glands 648 –– artery 494 Point – parasympathetic fibres of facial – metacarpal bones 183 –– veins 677 – of hock 262 nerve 554 – pancreatic duct 393 – nerves 576, 734 – of maximal intensity of heart Pregnancy 718 – parathyroid glands 593 – quadrate muscle 303 sounds 482 Premolars 336, 339–340, 343, 343 – patella 258 – talocalcaneal ligament 277 Pointed papillae 328 – extraction 691 – patellar ligament 270 Planum Polyarticular muscle 47 Premyoblasts 44 – pelvic cavity 251 – nasale 399, 635, 635 Polygonal hepatic lobule 385, 390 Preosteoblasts 30 – projections of organs onto lateral – nasolabiale 399 Polystomatic Preprostatic part of urethra 430 body wall 740, 742–743 – parietale 82 – salivary gland 335, 337 Prepubic – pulmonary lobes 417 – rostrale 399 – sublingual duct 336 – ligament 269 – sinus maxillaris 93 – temporale 82 Polysynaptic reflex 63 – tendon 163, 166 – skeleton 39 Plastination 779, 790 Pons 515, 520, 520, 521, 522, 771 Prepuce of penis 433–434, 445, 446, – spleen 513 Plate Pontine sensory nucleus of trigeminal 447 – sterno-occipital muscle 212 – of alar cartilage 398, 402 nerve 535 – anaesthesia 716 – stomach 355, 357 – of cricoid cartilage 408 Pontocerebellar peduncle 526 Preputial – superficial digital flexor – of ischium 248, 250–251 Popliteal – cavity 447 muscle 232 Platysma 138, 140, 700 – artery 490, 491, 493–494, 733 – diverticulum 433, 447 – superficial muscles 49 Pleura 161, 315 – fossa 255 – fold 434, 445, 447 – thoracic limb, extrinsic and intrinsic – adhesions 71 – lymph – muscle 138, 140, 447, 736 musculature 214 – costalis 315 –– centre 509 – ostium 446, 447 – thyroid gland 591, 593 – diaphragmatica 315 –– nodes 637, 657, 732, 737 – region 705 – tracheal cartilages 411 – mediastinalis 315 – muscle 294, 294, 297, 299 – ring 447 – uterus 460 – parietalis 315 – notch 258, 259 Preputium 446 – ventral conchal sinus 93 – pericardiaca 471 – region 732, 732, 734 Prescapular region 701 – ventricular diverticulum 353 – pulmonalis 315, 412 – surface 253, 255 Prescrotal closed castration 715 – vertebrae 117 – visceralis 315 – vein 496, 499 Presphenoid 129 Pilae ruminis 361 Pleural Porta hepatis 757, 758 – bone 78, 79 Pili 638 – cavity 69, 316–317, 751, 752, 759 Portal – openings and structures passing – lanei 638 – cupula 316 – circulation through 94 – tactiles carpales 639 Plexiform layer of retina 606 –– of liver 53 Pressoreceptors 55 Pillars of rumen 361 Plexus –– of pituitary gland 53 Pressure pump of heart 57 Pilocarpine 603 – brachialis 562 – lymph nodes 372, 386, 389 Presternal region 699, 704 Pineal gland 524, 533, 588, 771, 772, – buccalis 555, 687 – system 496, 500, 589 Presylvian sulcus 530 773 – cardiacus 481 – vein 53, 358, 373, 386, 388, 391, 393, Presynaptic Pinioning 749 – entericus 64 471, 493, 496, 498–500 – membrane 65 Pinna 619, 698, 775 – lumbalis 568, 574, 772 Portio vaginalis 461, 463, 466 – neuron 65

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Preumbilical fat body 356 Procricoid cartilage 758 – ganglion of vagus nerve 558, 558 – arteries 416, 471, 482, 483 Prevertebral ganglia 63, 563, 582, 584 Proctodeum 757, 757, 765 – head of fibula 259 – circulation 52, 471, 477 Prickle-cell layer 635, 636 Progenitor cells 30 – infrapatellar bursa 270 –– arteries 483 Primary Progesterone 452, 596, 646, 718 – interdigital ligament 200, 203–204 – ligament 317 – bronchi 760, 762 – corpus luteum 452 – interflexor muscles of foream 242 – lobes 414, 416 – follicle 451, 454 Prognathism of mandible 95 – interphalangeal joints 173, 198–200, – lymph nodes 414, 417, 506 – fracture healing 31 Projection 201, 203, 205, 670 – pleura 315, 316 – lamellae – fibres 529 –– ligaments 199, 202 – plexus 417 –– of corium 676 – neurons 61 – intertarsal joint 277 – trunk 52, 471, 472,474,479–480, –– of dermis 674 Prolactin 588, 646 –– injection sites 279 482, 483, 484–485, 559, 707 –– of epidermis 671, 676 Prolapse of intervertebral disc 132 – ligaments of proximal sesamoid – valve 475, 478, 483 –– of wall segment 671 Promontorium 124 bones 202 –– heart sound 482 – medullary cavity 31 – ossis sacri 250 – metaphysis 34 – veins 416, 479, 482,483,485 – mesenteries 70 – tympani 622 – patellar fixation 735 Pulp of tooth 336 – ossification 33 Promontory 122 – pelvic limb, muscles 772 – narrowing 337 –– centres 32 – of tympanic cavity 622, 624 – phalanx 173, 181–183, 184, 186, Pulpa coronalis/radicularis 336 – remiges 778, 778 Pronation 177 187, 201–202, 204–205, 266 Pulse palpation – sensory cells 59 Pronator muscle/s 47 –– fractures 207 – brachial artery 486 – urine 419, 421 – of forearm 195,223 – radioulnar joint 193, 194 – deep artery of tongue 690 Primordial Pro-optic pila 775 – sesamoid – facial artery 488, 686 – follicles 451, 453–454 Proper –– bones 187,199,201, 205, 208 – femoral artery 490, 732 – germ cells 449 – axillary lymph node 505 –– ligaments 42, 198–200 Pulse transit time of ultrasound – skeleton 32 – gastric glands 354, 354, 356–357 – tarsal ligaments 279 791 –– hyaline cartilage 33 – ligament – tibiofibular joint 274 Pulvinus(-i) 652 Principal bronchi 413, 416 –– of ovary 459, 462, 468–469 – umbilicus of feather 777, 778 – cervicales 460, 461, 465 Processus –– of testis 435, 437, 439,469 Pseudounipolar – coronae 661, 671 – accessorius vertebrae lumbalis 110 –– of uterus 458 – neurons 60, 562 – dentalis 344 – alveolaris 88 – nucleus of dorsal horn 518 – sensory neurons 558 – digitales 777 – anconeus 181 – oral cavity 328–329 Pterygoid – limbi 661 –– non-union 206 Proprioceptive – bone 74–75,90 – metatarsalis 777 – angularis mandibulae 91 – information 522, 533 – crest 102 Puncta lacrimalia 614 – articularis 109, 112 – sensibility 59 – fossa 91 Pupil 599, 601, 603–604 – caudatus 385 – stimulus 59 – hamulus 90, 103, 626 Pupillary margin 604 – ciliares 601 Prosencephalon 61, 520, 524 – lymph node 505 Purkinje

– condylaris mandibulae 92 Prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α)453 – muscles 145, 347 – cells 60–61

– coracoideus 171 Prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) 470 – process 79, 105, 107 – fibres 480, 480–481 – cornualis 81, 679–680 Prostate gland (prostata) 433–434, Pterygomandibular fold 329 Putamen 529, 532 – coronoideus 92 439, 441, 444 Pterygopalatine Pygostyle 748 –– fragmentation 206 Prostatic – fossa 79,87–88, 97, 103, 551 Pyloric – costalis of vertebra 120 – ducts 430,439 – ganglion 551, 553, 556, 585, 586 – antrum 353, 356 – cuneiformis 407 – part of urethra 430 – nerve 552, 555, 560 – canal 353, 357 – frontalis ossis zygomatici 81 Protoplasmatic astrocytes 61 – surface of maxilla 88 – glands 354, 354–357 – hamatus 171 Protractor muscles of forelimb 309 Pterygopharyngeal muscles – portion 353, 356–357 – hemalis 125 Protrusible phallus 765 348, 350 – sphincter 354–355, 358 – lingualis 92, 104 Protuberantia occipitalis Pubic Pylorus 353, 357 – mamillaris vertebrae 109, 114 – externa 75, 95, 101 – bone 749 Pyometra 463 – mamilloarticulares vertebrae 114 – interna 75 – groove 243 Pyramidal – mastoideus 80, 92 Proventricular papillae 755 – part of pelvic symphysis 243 – cells 61 – nasalis 88 Proventriculus 360, 754 – region 705, 714, 733 – decussation 521 – nuchalis 80, 92 Proximal 26 – symphysis 243, 248, 250–251 – lobes of renal medulla 421 – occipitalis 79 – accessory ligament 311 – tubercle 243 – system 535, 537 – palatinus 88 – anular ligament 201, 202–204 Pubis 122, 243, 247–248, 250–251, Pyramids 521, 535 – palmaris lateralis/medialis 189 – border of sesamoid bone 189 748 – papillaris 385 – branch Pubocaudal muscle 167–169 Q – retroarticularis 79, 102 –– of dorsal phalanx nerve 571 Pubovesical pouch 319, 319, 323, 326, – retrotympanicus 79 –– of musculocutaneous nerve 569 716–717 Quadrate – rostrales ossis nasalis 84 – carpal synovial sheath 238 Pudendal – bone 748 – spinosus 109–111, 113–114 – collateral vein 479 – artery 764 – lobe 385, 385–386, 388–389, – styloideus – concha 620 – branch of ovarian artery 470 392–393 –– ossis temporalis 80, 92, 102 – convoluted tubule 422, 424 – lymphatic vessels 769, 770 – lumbar muscle 280–281, 283 –– ulnae 179, 181 – digital anular ligament 236–237, – nerve 430, 448, 573–574, 575, 577, – muscle of thigh 293, 295, – suprahamatus 171 306, 677,726 645, 731, 737–738 298, 730 – tentoricus 75, 82 – epiphysis 28, 29 – plexus 772 – pronator muscle 223 – transversus 109–111, 114 – extremity Pudendoepigastric Quadratojugal bone 748 – uncinatus 748 –– of femur 252 – arterial trunk 470, 490, 493–494, Quadriceps muscle of thigh 291, 293, – vaginalis 164, 319, 378, 437–438, –– of fibula 261 717, 739 295, 304 468 –– of humerus 175 – vein 499 Quadrigeminal plate 515,523,526, – vertebrae 109 –– of radius 178 Pulmo 412, 759 533, 549 – xiphoideus 128 –– of tibia 257,258,259, 261 Pulmonary Quarters of hoof 670, 670, 671, – zygomaticus 79, 81, 85 –– of ulna 181 – alveoles 413 672

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R – ossis ischii 247 Regio(-nes) – mucosa 365 – ruminalis dexter et sinister 370 – of head 685, 687 – network of spleen 513 Rachis (Rhachis) 777, 778 – spinales of lumbar arteries 488 – olfactoria 758 Reticulitis 365, 637 Radial – subendocardiales 480 – respiratoria 758 Reticuloendothelial system (RES) – artery 485, 487 – tori digitalis 665 – umbilicalis 71 57, 501 – articular facet 178, 178–179 Ranula 334, 690 Region of coxal tuber 732 Reticulo-omasal opening 366 – carpal bone 181, 182, 185, 198, 749 Raphe scroti 437 Regional Reticulum 361–363, 365, 365, 368, – check ligament 233 Receptaculum ductus deferentis 765 – anaesthesia 539 378, 720 – collateral Receptor/s – lymph node 58 – and heart, relationship 367 –– artery 724 – cells 58, 63 Regurgitation 352 – cells 365, 365 –– ligament 193 –– of organ of Corti 630 Remiges 778, 778 – foreign bodies 365 – extensor muscle of carpus 194, – of deep sensibility 59 – cutting 749 – projection onto lateral body wall 743 214–215, 217–219, 223, 225, 226, – organ 519 Ren 419 Retina 599, 603, 605–606, 697, 773, 774 228, 230–231, 566–567, 724, 749 Receptorpotential 59 Renal – arterioles 697 – flexor muscle of carpus 224–225, Recess – artery 325, 393, 423, 423,426,427, – blood vessels 688 231, 566,724 – of olfactory bulb 543 490, 493,719 – neural layer 604 – fossa 176–177, 180, 193 – of omental bursa 71 – calices 428 – neurons 604 – head 178 – of renal pelvis 427 – capsule 420, 424 – nonvisual part 601, 603 –– of deep digital flexor muscle 233 – of roof of fourth ventricle 543 – corpuscle 422, 424, 424 – nutrition 606 –– of deep flexor muscle of carpus 227 Recessus – cortex 420, 421, 422, 426–427 – pigmented layer 604 – nerve 563, 565, 565, 569, 657, 659, – caudalis omentalis 71, 359 –– histological section 426 Retinaculum(-a) 723, 725, 728–729 – costodiaphragmaticus 315 – crest 420, 421, 428–429 – extensorum/flexorum manus 196 –– cutaneous innervation 572 – dorsalis articulationis – hilus 420, 423 – patellae 269 –– paralysis 565 metacarpophalangealis 198, 200 – impression 385, 386 Retinal – notch of ulna 178, 181 – laryngis medianus 408 – lobe 422 – arteries 606, 688 – styloid process 179 – maxillaris 101, 399, 404 – lobules 764 – venules 606 – trochlea 178–179, 179, 185 – mediastinales 315, 318 – lymph nodes 424, 507, 509 Retino-hypothalamic tracts 607 – tubercle 178 – mediastini 416 – medulla 420,421,422, 424, 426 Retractor muscle/s – tuberosity 178–179 – omentalis caudalis/dorsalis 359 – papilla 422, 425–426 – of eyeball 598, 610–611, 611 – vein 677 – palmaris articulationis – pelvis 420, 421, 425, 426, 427, – of hindlimb 309 Radiate arteries 421 metacarpophalangealis 198, 200 427–429 – of medial angle of eye 145 Radiating folds of ciliary body 601 – pelvis 421 –– central cavity/recesses 425 – of penis 433, 441, 446, 447 Radiatio 62 – ruminalis 361 – plexus 425 – of rib 158, 160–161, 162, 282 – optica 617 – splenicus (lienalis) 359 – portal Retroarticular Radiocarpal joint 195, 197 – sublinguales 331 –– system 763, 764, 769 – foramen 77, 79, 94, 102 – chip fractures 206 – sublinguales laterales 331 –– valve 764 – process 77, 79, 89, 95, 102, 105, Radiographic density 790 – supraomentalis 369 – sinus 421, 425, 426 128, 345 Radiography 790 – terminales 425 – tubules 421 Retroauricular – contrast materials 791 Reciprocal apparatus 299, 302, 312, –– capillary plexus 423 – foramen 80, 82 Radiopacity (Radiodensity) 790 735 – vein 393, 423, 423 – process 83 Radiopharmaceuticals 802 Rectal Renin 419 Retrobulbar disorders 698 Radioulnar – ampulla 383 Renosplenic ligament 513, 721 Retromandibular fossa 690, 700 – joint 173, 193 – examination 717 Replacement bone 33 Retroperitoneal –– muscles 223 –– gynaecological indication 718 Reproductive organs in pelvic cavity – muscles 325 – ligament 194, 196 –– of oestrus cycle 453 243, 716–717 – space 69, 71 Radius 38–40, 172, 175, 177–178, – mesentery 323 RES (reticuloendothelial system) Retropharyngeal 178–179, 192, 748 – palpation of rumen 365 57, 501 – lymph centre 504 Radius lentis 607 Rectogenital pouch 319, 319,323,326, Resilient subcutis 652 – lymph nodes 337, 505, 623, 695, Radix(-ces) 716–717 Respiratory 695–696,700 – clinica 336 Rectrices 778 – bronchioli 413 –– abscess 692 – dentis 335 Rectum 327, 376, 383, 720–721, 755, – mucosa 397, 411, 412,413 –– enlarged 702 – dorsales 517 756, 757 – muscles 159 Retropleural 71 – linguae 329 Rectus – passages 397 Retroserosal space 69 – mesenterii 321, 375 – femoris muscle 306 – region 758 Retroserous 71 – penis 443 – sheath 164–165, 165, 168 – system 26, 397, 397, 758, 762 Retrotympanic, process 79 – pili 638 Recurrent laryngeal nerve 409–410, Rete Rhachis (Rachis) 777 – pulmonis 412 481, 497,558,559, 692, 700 – arteriosum 53 Rhamphotheca 777 Ramus(-i) – hemiplegia 408, 411 – carpi dorsale 485 Rhin 398 – alveolares n. infraorbitalis 552 – paralysis 507 – lymphocapillare 58 Rhinencephalon 525, 549 – caudalis ossis pubis 243 Red –– cutis profundum 637 Rhombencephalon 61, 520, 541 – circumflexus a. atrioventricularis – bone marrow 29, 30, 34, 52 –– subcutaneum 637 Rhomboid sinistrae 477 – ear lobe 775 – mirabile 22, 53, 486 – fossa 523, 527, 532, 544 – cranialis ossis pubis 243 – muscle type 44 – testis 435 – muscle 154–155, 216, 220, 497,722 – cutaneus antebrachii 565 – nucleus 523, 535, 537 – venosum 764 – sinus 772 – ilei mesenterialis/antimesenterialis – pulp of spleen 513, 514, 771 Reticular Ribs 74, 125, 126 373 Reflex – formation 518, 521, 523, 526, 528, – articulations 135 – interventricularis paraconalis 477 – arc 63 537, 617 – joints 135 – mandibulae 90–91 –– of spinal cord 519 – groove 363,367 Ridges – massetericus a. carotis externae 487 – innate reflex 63 – layer 635, 638, 652, 674, 676 – of reticulum 365, 365 – of mandible 91, 92, 99, 105 Refractive index 608 – lymph nodes 370 – of skin 634, 635

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Right –– peduncles 522, 526 – dome of diaphragm, projection onto Sagittal – atrioventricular – cerebral artery 545, 545–546 body surface 745 – groove 187 –– opening 474–475 – choroid artery 547 – dorsal/ventral conchal sinus 404 – laparotomy 715 –– valve 475–476, 478 – colliculi 523, 532,534,536, 544, 549 – ethmoid cellules 404 – plane 26, 27 – atrium 52–53, 471, 474, 475–477, – commissure 526–527 – fibroelastic type of penis 445 – septum of frontal sinus 79 479, 496 – common artery 545 – hoof 659 – sinus 546, 547 – auricle 474, 476 – constrictor muscles 348 – horn 679 Saliva 333 – circumflex branch – cranial – lacrimal sinus 404 Salivary glands 328, 333, 335–337, –– of coronary vein 479 –– cavity 520 – lateral digital extensor muscle 229 753 –– of right coronary artery 479 –– fossa 77, 101, 106 – metacarpal bones 183 – innervation 333 – colic artery 373, 380, 490, 492 – deep temporal artery 94, 487 – phalangeal joints 200 Salpinx, see Uterine tube – coronary artery 474, 476, 477, – disc 328 – sinus maxillaris 93 Saphenous 477–478 – dorsal cerebral vein 547 – stomach 360, 361 – artery 490, 494, 579, 736, 738–739 – cranial fossa 78, 78, 100, 104 – hyoid lymph node 505 –– blood supply 369 – nerve 297, 571, 573, 575, 577, 579, – diaphragmatic crus 162 – hypophyseal artery 589 – superficial digital flexor muscle 232 657, 732–733, 736, 738–739 – dorsal colon 377–378, 380, 381, 381, – lacrimal process 107 – thyrohyoid 92 – vein 732, 736–738 382–383 – ligament of malleus 622 – uterus 460 Sarcolemma 45 – gastric artery 358, 489 – maxillary sinus 107, 108, 686 – ventral conchal sinus 93 Sarcoplasma 44 – gastroepiploic artery 359,489 – medullary velum 521–522, 533 Ruminoabomasial lymph nodes 370 Sartorius muscle 166, 282, 290, 290, – hepatic – meningeal artery 487 Ruminoreticular 294, 297, 304, 306–307 –– artery 758 – part – compartment 361, 367 Satellite cells 44 –– ligament 751, 752 –– of digastric muscle 147, 149–150, – fold 361–362, 363, 365 Scala –– lobe 385, 385, 388–389, 393, 758 347 – groove 362 – tympani 628, 628,630,6301 –63 , –– portal vein 757, 758 –– of mylohyoid muscle 150 Rump musculature 282, 284–285 776, 776 –– vein 757 – perforate substance 528 – vestibuli 628, 628, 630, 630–631, – internal iliac artery 490 – plate 399 S 776, 776 – interventricular groove 473, – pneumatic foramen 775 Scalene muscles 150, 152 474–475 – process Saccule 534, 629 Scales 777 – lobe –– of nasal bone 84, 90 Sacculi alveolares 413 Scapha 619–620, 620 –– of liver 757 –– of thyroid cartilage 406 Sacculocochlear duct 776, 776 Scapula 38–40, 119, 171, 172, –– of pancreas 391 – transverse plane of brain 699 Sacculus 628, 629, 776 174–175, 748, 750 – ruminal Rostrum 399, 753 Saccus(-i) Scapular –– artery 369 – sphenoidale 78 – abdominalis 760 – cartilage 171, 173–174, 722 –– lymph nodes 370 Rotator muscles 47, 157–159 – caecus 353 – nerves 569 – semilunar valvula 478 Round –– caudodorsalis/caudoventralis 361 – notch 171, 175 – subclavian vein 493 – foramen 100, 102, 105, 549, 551 – clavicularis 760 – region 722, 723 – triangular ligament 359, 391 – ligament – cranialis 361 – spine 171, 171, 175, 190–191 – ventral colon 377–378, 381, 381, –– of liver 385–386, 389, 391 – cutaneus marginalis 620 Scapulohumeral ligament 750 383 –– of uterus 166, 319, 468–469 – lacrimalis 614 Scapus pili 638 – ventricle 52, 471, 472–473,474, – pronator muscle 223, 225, 231 – pneumaticus 760 Schwann cells 60, 61, 63 474–477, 479 Ruffini corpuscles 637 – thoracici craniales/caudales 760 Sciatic – ventricular border 473 Rugae palatinae 328 Sacral – nerve 575, 577–578, 737–739, 766, Rima glottidis 408 Rumen 361, 361, 363, 365 – canal 73 772 Roarers 408, 410 – non-glandular mucosa 363 – lymph nodes 448, 507, 508, 509 –– areas of innervation 576 Roaring 559, 692 – projection onto lateral body wall 743 – nerves 574 –– damage 580 Rods of retina 604–605 – rectal palpation 365 – part – plexus 574, 574 Roof Rumenotomy 715 –– of spinal cord 515, 516 Scintigraphy 802, 802 – of skull 104 Ruminal –– of sympathetic trunk 584, 584 Sclera 598, 598–600, 607, 773, 774 – of tongue 330 – arteries 369 – plexus 574–575, 731 Scleral – plate of ethmoid bone 82 – atrium 362–363 – region 732, 733 – groove 597, 597, 599 Root –– projection onto lateral body – spinal – ring 599 – canal of tooth 336 wall 743 –– nerve 575 – venous plexus 599, 608, 609,615 – of lung 412 – island 362, 362–363 –– roots 516 Scrotal – of mesentery 321, 375 – lymph nodes 370 – splanchnic nerves 575, 583 – ligament 437 – of penis 443 – papillae 363, 364 – tuber 243, 247, 249–251, 730 – lymph nodes 509 – of tongue 329, 331, 754 – pillars 362, 363 –– asymmetry 266 – region 733 – of tooth 335 – recess 361–362, 363 – vertebrae 117, 122, 122 – seam 437 – sheath of hair 638 – sac 368–369 – wings 122 – septum 437, 437 Rostral 26, 27 Ruminants Sacrococcygeal muscles 282 – skin 437 – alar foramen 77, 79, 94, 97, 102, 105 – absolute dullness 746 Sacroiliac Scrotum 436, 438, 714 – auricular – apex beat of heart 746 – joint 123, 243, 246, 248, 250, 265, Scuta 777 –– artery 488, 688 – arterial blood supply of brain 546 718, 735 Scutella 777 –– branch of facial nerve 557 – basihyoid 92 –– luxation 266 Scutiform cartilage 142 –– branch of the intermediofacial – caecum 380 – ligaments 125, 265 Scutular muscle 143 nerve 553, 556 – carpal bones 182 Sacrospinous ligament 268 Scutum dorsale/plantare 777 –– muscles 144 – cellulae ethmoidales 93 Sacrotuberous ligament 249, 266, 267, Sebaceous glands 613, 635, 638, –– nerve 555, 688, 692 – colon 383 290 641, 776 –– vein 688 – common digital extensor muscle 228 Sacrum 38–40 , 121,122,122–124, Sebum 641 – cerebellar – dental formulae 339 246–250 Secodont 336, 343 –– artery 545, 545–547 – digital skeleton 184 Saddle joint 40–41, 43, 199, 203 – dentination 340

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Second –– of tricuspid valve 478 – depressor of tail 167 – hair 638 – carpal bone 185 – process of nasal bone 90 – digital – infraorbitalis 634, 758 – metacarpal bone 185 – semilunar valvula 478 –– extensor muscle 296, 300, 303, – inguinalis 634 – neuron of retina 604 – sulcus 90 304, 306 – interdigitalis 634 – tarsal bone 261 Septula testis 433 –– flexor muscle 240, 303 – lacrimalis 93, 404 Secondary Septum(-a) –– muscles 239, 303 – lactifer 643 – bronchi 760, 762 – horizontale 759 – fibular muscle 299, 300, 304, 308 – lymphatici initiales 637 – dentin 337–338 – interalveolaria maxillae 88 – gastric arteries 359, 492 – marginalis 501 – follicle 451, 454 – intermuscularia 50 – lateral collateral ligament 279 – maxillaris 87, 93, 404 – fracture healing 31 – medianum dorsale 517 – levator muscle –– caudalis 108, 404 – lamellae – nasi 84 –– of concha 144 –– rostralis 87, 108, 404 –– of corium 676 – of axillary sinus 403 –– of tail 167 – obliquus pericardii 472 –– of dermis 674 – of frontal sinuses 77, 100 – ligaments of carpus 195 – of spleen 513 –– of epidermis 671, 676 – pellucidum 529, 539 – medial collateral ligament 195, 279 – of venae cavae 474 – medullary cavity 31,34 – scroti 437 – muscles of back 154 – palatinus 87–89, 93, 404 – pituitary glands 588 – sinuum maxillarium 108 – posterior – paranalis 384 – remiges 778, 778 – transversum 68 –– ciliary arteries 615, 688, 697 – paranasales 93, 404, 691 – sensory cells 59 Serosa 70 –– ciliary veins 697 – rhomboideus 772 – tympanic membrane 628, 775, 776 – intermedia 70 –– retinal arteries 606 – sphenoidalis 78, 93, 404 – urine 419 – mediastinal cavity 317 – rotator muscle/s 160 – sphenopalatinus 108 Second-order bronchi 760 – of intestine 372 –– of concha 144 – transversus pericardii 472 Sectional anatomy 779 – parietalis 69 – sesamoid ligament 203 – venarum cavarum 474 Sectorial tooth 343 – visceralis 371 – transverse ligament 198 – venosus 56 Segmenta bronchopulmonalia 413 Serotonin 64 Shoulder blade 171 Sinusitis 404–405, 686 Segmental Serous Shoulder girdle 171 Sinusoid capillaries 56 – arteries 541 – cavities 69 – musculature 48–50, 150, 211 Skeletal – bronchi 413 – fluids 69 Shoulder joint 119, 173, 190, 190–191, – musculature 43–44, 46 Selenodont teeth 337 – glands 67 722, 750, 783 –– cross bands or striations 44 Selenolophodont 339–340 – membranes 69, 70 – abnormal findings 206 –– hyperplasia 44 Sella turcica 78 – pericardium 317,472 – arthroscopy 210 –– innervation 43 Semicanalis(-es) Serrate suture 37 – deep musculature 220 – system 27 – musculi tensoris veli palatini 80 Sertoli cells 435 – injection sites 191 Skeleton 26–27 – tubae auditivae 80 Sesamoid bones 29, 42 – lateral muscles 221 – antebrachii 177 Semicircular – of distal phalanx 189 – line 745 – axiale 73 – canals 80, 619, 624, 628, 629 – of foot 182–183, 184, 186, 189 – luxation 206 – cruris 256 – ducts 534, 628, 629, 629 – of gastrocnemius muscle 270–271, – magnetic resonance imaging 783 – femoris 252 Semilunar 299 – medial muscles 220–221 – of arm 171 – cartilage 620 – of patella 256 – muscles 218, 221, 221, 224–225 – of birds 748 – cusps 475 – of popliteal muscle 256 – of dog 190 – of carpus 230–231 – fold of conjunctiva 613,614 – of stifle joint 271 – radiograph 171 – of cat 37, 38 – line 187, 189 – of thigh 252 – region 722, 723 – of chicken 748, 748 – valvulae 478 Sesamoiditis 678 Shoulder slip 564 – of cow 39 Semimembranous muscle 282, 288, Setae 778 Sigmoid flexure – of digits 230–231 289, 289–290, 292, 294–296 Sexers 765 – of colon 383 – of dog 38, 217–218 Seminal Shaft – of penis 434, 445 – of foot 182–183 – colliculus 441 – of columella 775 Signal strength of ultrasound 791 – of forearm 177 – hillock 430, 436 – of feather 777 Simple – of head 73–74 Seminiferous tubules 435, 435 – of femur 253, 254–255 – joints 40 – of hindfoot 259 Semiplumes (semiplumae) 778 – of fibula 259 – stomach 353, 355 – of hindlimb 304–306 Semispinal muscle 158–159 – of humerus 175, 176–177, 190–191 Single-functional unit 58 – of horse 40, 219 – cervical/thoracic part 159 – of metacarpal bone 183 Single-headed muscle 46 – of larynx 407 – of head 156, 158–159, 497 – of radius 178, 178, 179, 179–180 Single-Photon Emission Computed – of leg 256 Semitendinous muscle 282, 288, – of rib 126, 126, 127, 127 Tomography (SPECT) 802 – of manus 181, 181, 184 288–290, 292, 294–296, 304 – of talus 262 Single-shaped muscles 46 – of pelvic limb 244–245, 288–289 Sensible neurons 60 – of tibia 258 Sinoatrial node 480, 481 – of pig 39 Sensory – of ulna 178–180, 181 Sinus – of stifle joint 256 – area of neopallium 535 Sharpey fibres 31, 36, 46 – anales 384 – of tarsus 264 – cells 58–59, 63 Sheep – aortae 476 – of thigh 252 – deficits 519 – abdominal hernia 714 – cavernous 486 – of thoracic limb 171, 172–173 – dorsal roots of spinal ganglia 63 – length of epididymal duct 436 – clitoridis 465 – of thorax 119, 125 – ganglia 63 – pulmonary lobes 417 – conchae – pneumatisation in birds 760 – nerve – tracheal cartilages 411 –– caudalis 108 Skin 634, 638, 776 –– endings 44 Shell membrane 766–767, 769 –– dorsalis 93, 108, 404 – accessory structures 776 –– fibres 637 Short –– rostralis 108 – blood flow 637 – neurons 61, 63 – adductor muscle 292 –– ventralis 93, 404 – blood vessels 637, 639 – organ 59 – bones 29, 109 – conchofrontalis 108 – folds 633, 633 – receptors 59, 67 – branch of dorsal sacroiliac – coronarius 474 – glands 633, 641, 776 Septal ligament 265, 267 – cutanei 634 –– of footpads 642 – cusp – ciliary nerves 551, 603, 617 – durae matris 56, 540 – muscles 50 –– of bicuspid valve 478 – crus of incus 622, 625 – frontalis 93, 101, 108, 404 – nerves 637

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– pouches 634 – papillae 674–675 – cord 61, 63, 515, 516–518,771,771 Splenic – venous drainage 637 – segment 651, 671 –– blood vessels 541 – artery 358, 359, 392, 392–393, 489, Skull 73, 96, 100–103, 105, 111 –– of claw 652, 653, 656–657, 658 –– compression 516 492, 511–512, 514 – and vertebral column (spine), –– of hoof 652, 653, 663, 664, 673, –– efferent neurons 518 – cein 512 joints 129 674–675 –– grey matter 517, 518 – hilus 392–393 – basal surface 103 –– of nail 652, 653 –– interneurons 518 – lymph nodes 507, 507–508 – bones 73, 74–75, 77, 81–82 Solea 651, 657, 670 –– macroglia 62 – vein 392, 500, 511 – cavities 99 Solear margin 670, 673 –– meninges 516 Splenius – cranial part 74 Soleus muscle 295, 300, 301, 305–306, –– neurons 518 – capitis muscle 149 – development 73 308 –– of foetus 516 – cervicis muscle 149 – facial part 84, 109 Solitary lymph nodules 67 –– reflex arcs 519 – muscle 142, 149, 153, 154, 156 – joints 128 Solum pelvis osseum 249 –– shape and position 515 Splenorenal ligament 360, 512 – neural part 74 Soma 60 –– structure 517 Splint bone 183, 185, 186 – nuchal aspect 76 Somataesthetic area/cortex 530 –– white matter 518, 519 – fracture 730 – of carnivores 95 Somatic – dura mater 517, 539, 540–542 Splints 31 – of horse 101 – motor pathways 535 – ganglion 63, 516, 519,562,582 Split lines of skin 634 – openings and structures passing – nervous system 58, 63 –– sensory dorsal roots 63 Spongy through 94 Somatomotorics 59 – lemniscus 531 – body – ossification centres 73 Somatostatin 65 – medulla 517 –– of penis 443, 445, 446 – radiograph 97, 99 Somatotropic hormone (STH) 36 – meninges 542 –– of urethra 433 Sledge joint 41, 43 Spatium(-a) – muscle 157, 159 – bone 28–29, 29–30 Slender barbs 777 – atlantoaxiale 109 – nerves 62, 515–516, 548, 562, 563 – zone of spinal cord 518 Slice plastination 779 – atlanto-occipitale 109, 130 – pia mater 542 Spring joint 41 Small – interarcuale 109, 120 – puncture of neck region 702 Spur 751, 777 – alar foramen 94 –– lumbosacrale 120 – reflex arc 519 Squama – circulation 52 – intercostale 125 – tract of trigeminal nerve 535 – frontalis 81 – intestine 327, 370, 373, 756 – interosseum – veins 545 – occipitalis 74 – pelvic association 292 –– antebrachii 178, 181 Spindle-shaped muscles 46–47 – temporalis 79 – ruminants –– cruris 259 Spine of scapula 171, 173–175, Squamosum 79 –– hoof 668, 669 – lumbosacrale 109 190–191 Squamous –– horn 681 – mandibulae 90 Spinobulbar tract 535 – epithelium 635 –– nostrils 399 – perilymphatica 628 Spinocellulary connective tissue 453 – part –– pancreatic duct 393 Spavin Spinocostotransversal fascia 137, 149, –– of occipital bone 75, 83 –– patellar ligament 270 – bone 279 156 –– of temporal bone 74, 74–75,79 –– spleen 513 – tendon 279 Spinothalamic tract 533, 535 –– temporal bone 95 –– udder 648 Specific immune system 57 Spinotransverse fascia 155 – suture 37 –– vertebrae 117 SPECT (Single Photon Emission Spinous Stalk of epiglottic cartilage 406, 407 Smaller Computed Tomography) 802 – foramen 77,78–79, 94 Stallion – cardiac veins 480 Spermatic – layer of epidermis 654 – accessory genital glands 439 – psoas muscle 280, 281, 283 – cord 436, 437, 438, 439 – notch 78, 105, 106 – castration 715 – scales 777 – fascia 437 – process 112 – genital organs 434 Smooth muscles 43, 45 Spermatogenesis 433, 764 –– of axis 110, 113–114, 130 Stapedial nerve 554, 556, 560 – arteries 55 Spermatogenic cells 435 –– of lumbar vertebra 120, 121–123 Stapedius muscle 623, 628 – autonomous (subconscious) Spermatozoa 433 –– of sacrum 122, 125 Stapes 80, 622, 625, 628 control 59 Sphenoethmoidal plate 89 –– of thoracic vertebra 113–114, 120 Statics 309 – motor innervation 580 Sphenoid bone 74–75,78,79, 89, 151 –– of vertebra 109, 110, 111, 111–113, Stay apparatus 240, 310, 311 Snap joint 41, 193 – pneumatised in horse 405 115–116 Stellate Snood 777 Sphenoidal Spiral – ganglion 481, 558, 582, 583, Snout 399 – rostrum 78 – canal 630–631 706–707 Soft – sinus 78, 90, 93, 100, 102, 403, – cochlear duct 629 – veins of kidney 424 – cornification 637 405 – ganglion 534, 556, 628, 631, 631, Sternal – palate 328, 329,347 Sphenopalatine 698 – crest 127 Solar – artery 94, 487 – joint 41 – extremity of rib 126 – border of distal phalanx 187–188, – foramen 86, 88, 94, 97, 103, 553 – lamina 628 – flexure 381 189 – sinus 106, 108, 403 , 405 – ligament 630, 631 – ligament 136, 161 – canal of distal phalanx 188,189 – vein 94 – membrane 631 – lymph node 506 – foramen 187 Spheroidal joint 40–41, 43, 191, 267 – organ 534 – part of diaphragm 161–162, 162 – plexus 393, 424, 584 Sphincter 47 Splanchnic nerves 582 – region 704, 704–705 – surface of distal phalanx 187–188, – muscle/s 46,47 Splanchnology (splanchnologia) 66 – ribs 118–119, 125 189 –– of pupil 603, 773 Spleen 57, 374, 392, 511, 512, – synchondrosis 127 Sole 657, 670, 672–673 – veins 54 512–513, 720, 771 Sternebrae 128 – anastomoses 665 Spina – follicular lymphoid tissue 514 Sternocephalic muscle 142, 154, 156, – body 672–673 – cunei 671 – nodules 513 211, 212,213,214–217, 700 – crus 670, 672–673 – ischiadica 247 – penicilliform (brushlike) arteries Sternocleidomastoid muscle 211, 212, – dermis 663 – nasalis caudalis 89, 98 513 215 – epidermis 663, 673 – scapulae 171 – projection onto lateral body Sterno-occipital muscle 211–213 – horn 659, 670, 673, 674–675,679, Spinal wall 740, 742–744 Sternocoracoid joint 750 680 – arachnoid 542 – ultrasonogram 791 Sternocostal joints 135 – margin of hoof 670 – arteries 541 Spleen-kidney 719 Sternohyoid muscle 149, 150, 151, 154, – of front and hind hoofs 670 – ataxia 702 Splenectomy 358 217–219, 351, 688

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Sternomandibular muscle 150, – corneum 635, 651, 654 – layer 633 – interventricularis sinister seu 211–212, 212, 213, 218–219, 688 – fibrosum 30–31, 31–32, 37, 47,50 – lymphatic plexus 637 paraconalis 473 Sternomastoid muscle 211, 212, 213, – ganglionare 605 Subcutis 633, 638 – jugularis 494, 700 216, 701 – granulosum 635, 654 – accumulations of fat 633 – ligamenti accessorii ossis Sternopericardiac ligament 472 – longitudinale 68, 352, 354 – blood supply 637 femoris 243 Sternothyroid muscle 149, 150, 151, – lucidum 635 – nerves 637 – limbi 671 217, 350,351 – nervosum retinae 604 – of distal phalanx 652 – limitans 523 Sternum 74, 119, 127,128,748, 750 – neuroepitheliale 605 – of perioplic segment 671 – medianus STH (somatotropic hormone) 36 – neurofibrarum 605 Subendocardial branches 480, 481 –– dorsalis 515, 517 Stifle joint 252, 255, 258, 268, 274 – nucleare externum/internum 605 Subhyoid region 691, 699 –– linguae 329 – acryl cast 275 – osteogenicum 30, 32 Subiliac lymph nodes 509, 509 – musculi – bursae 271 – pigmentosum retinae 604 Subligamentous bursae 50 –– brachialis 175 – capsule 268 – plexiforme externum/internum 605 Sublingual –– tricipitis 703 – extension 311 – profundum dermidis 777 – artery 486, 488 – omasi 366 – flexion 311 – reticulare 674 – caruncle 331, 334–335, 690 – paracunealis lateralis/medialis 671 – injection sites 274 – spinosum 635, 654 – duct 335 – parietalis lateralis/medialis 189 – innervation 580 – subendotheliale 54 – floor 331 – pectoralis lateralis/medianus 703 – ligaments 270, 273 – synoviale 37, 47,50 –– lymphoreticular tissue 333 – sclerae 599 – locking mechanism 271 Streak 621 – recesses 331, 689 – septalis 90 – magnetic resonance imaging 272, Stress trajectories 29 – salivary gland 335, 336 – sinus 787 Stria – vein 495 –– sagittalis dorsalis 82, 99 – muscles 282, 290–291, 293, 295 – mallearis 621 Sublobular veins 388, 390 –– transversi 75 – radiograph 256–257 – vascularis 631 Submandibular duct 334 – unguicularis 184 – sectional anatomy 787 Striate body 525, 527, 532, 537 Submental vein 701 – ventralis penis 443 – skeleton 255–256 Striated muscle 43, 45 Submucosa 352 – ventriculi 367 Stifle region 732, 733 – conscious control 59 – of intestine 370, 371–372 Superficial 26 Stigma 452, 453, 455–456 – of urethra 430 – of jejunum 371 – brachial artery 728 Stirrup 622 Stroke 698 – of oesophagus 352, 352 – branch of radial nerve 668, 728 Stomach 327, 353, 356–358,637 , Stroma 68 – of stomach 354 – caudal epigastric 721, 754 – of iris 609 Submucosal nerve plexus (Meissner –– artery 470, 736 – arteries 358, 359 Stromal cells of retina 604 plexus) 64, 370,372,563, 586 –– vein 649–650,705,736 – blood supply 358, 369 Strong branch of suspensory Submuscular bursae 50 – cervical – chambers 360 ligament 200 Subscapular –– artery 485, 485, 489 – compartments 361–362 Structural imaging 790 – artery 485, 487, 722 –– fascia 700 – glandular part 354, 357 Styloauricular muscle 144 – fossa 171, 175 –– loop 701 – inner circular layer 355 Styloglossus muscle 331 – muscle 220–221, 221, 224, 782 –– lymph centre 504 – innervation 370 Stylohyoid – nerves 563, 564, 566, 725, 728–729 –– lymph nodes 507, 657, 666 – lymph – bone 93, 93, 99, 104, 350,5404–40 , – vein 722 –– muscles 218–219 –– nodes 370 592, 623, 626–627, 694 Subsegmental bronchi 413 – cervicoauricular muscle 144, 146 –– vessels 358 – muscle 149, 151, 349, 350 Substance P 65 – coccygeal fascia 169 – muscular layers 354, 355 Styloid Substantia – cranial – nonglandular part 357 – angle 93 – alba 61–62, 516 –– antebrachial artery 728 – of ruminants 360, 361 – process – compacta 28–29, 33 –– epigastric vein 649, 705 – parasympathetic fibres 358 –– of radius 179, 180 – corticalis 28 – digital flexor – parietal/visceral surface 353 –– of temporal bone 80, 83, 92, 102, – grisea 61, 516 –– muscle 214–215, 227–228, 229, – position 358 105 – lamellosa 29 231, 294, 296, 300, 301, 304,308, – projection onto lateral body –– of ulna 178, 179, 179–180, 181, 730 – nigra 61, 523, 533 311 wall 740, 744 Stylomastoid foramen 80, 94–95, 105, – perforata rostralis 528 –– tendon 202–203, 206, 301–303, – species-specific variations 355 695 – propria of corneae 599 305–306 – sympathetic fibres 358 Stylopharyngeal muscle 348 – spongiosa 29 – epithelium 635 – veins 358 Stylopodium 244 –– development 34 – fascia 50 Straight Subanal region 438 – trabeculosa 29 –– of abdomen 437 – abdominal muscle 69, 156, 163, 164, Subarachnoid cavity 540, 540, 542– – tubulosa 29 –– of head 137, 685 165, 166,167,168 543, 628 Subtendinous –– of neck 137 – arteries of kidney 425 Subcapsular sinus of lymph node – bursae 50 –– of trunk 137, 155 – collecting tubule 422 501, 502 – calcaneal bursa 280, 301, 303 – fibular nerve 576, 577–580,667, – muscle Subchondral bone 28, 40 Subthalamus 524, 538 733–734 –– of abdomen 165, 166, 167, 168 Subclavian Suburethral diverticulum 450 – flexor muscle of digital joints 214, –– of thigh 291,293,294–295 – artery 479, 483, 483–484, 489, 491, Sulcus(-i) 772 –– of thorax 154, 156,160–161 541, 559 – cerebri 525, 528 – gland of the third eyelid 614 – seminiferous tubules 435 – muscle 215, 216, 216–217, – chiasmatis 78 – gluteal muscle 283, 285, 288, 730 – sesamoid ligament 203–204, 206, 220, 221 – coronarius 473 – inguinal 208 – vein 493, 495, 496 – corporis callosi 529 –– lymph nodes 448, 507, 509, 509, – thoracic muscle 154, 156,160–161 Subcortical part of limbic system 528 – costalis 759 637, 644, 714, 716, 736 – veins of kidney 424 Subcostal muscles 160–161, 282 – cunealis centralis 671 –– ring 164, 164, 165–166, 166, 437, Stratum Subcutaneous – cutis 634 714, 732, 736 – basale 635, 654 – abdominal vein 649, 649–650, 705 – dorsalis penis 443 – interdigital ligament 200 – cambium 30 – bursae 50 – extensorius 258 – ligament of malleus 622 – chondrogenicum 33 – calcaneal bursa 301 – intermammarius 642 – muscle grooves of thorax 703 – circulare 68, 352, 354 – injections, neck region 702 – intertubercularis 175 – palmar arch 726

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– pectoral muscle 140, 213, 215–219, – apparatus Synovia 37 – glands 613, 613, 641, 687 220 –– of mammary glands 642 Synovial – joint 265, 276, 278, 280 – popliteal lymph nodes 507, 732 –– of udder 645 – bursa 47,50 – pads 650 – scrotal lymph nodes 448 – branch of middle interosseous –– dorsal region of neck 701 – region 732–733, 733 – sphincter muscle of neck 138, 140 muscle 206 –– of infraspinatus muscle 218 – tendon, of biceps muscle of – temporal – lamella of udder 642, 645 –– of tendon of digital extensor thigh 287, 301, 304 –– artery 486–487, 488, 688, 690, 693, – ligament 202, 202,203,204, muscle 233 Tarsocrural joint 261, 277 700 206–207, 239, 306 – cavity 47 Tarsometatarsal joint 261, 279 –– nerve 555 –– of ovary 449–450, 459, 468, 468, – fluid 37, 51 – injection sites 279 –– vein 495, 688, 690 469 –– free joint bodies 37 Tarsometatarsus 748, 751 Superior 26 –– of penis 137 –– increased volume 41 Tarsus 261, 262–264, 276 – check ligament 233 –– of testis 468, 469 – folds 37 – extensors 300 – conjunctival fornix 599 –– supporting branch 202 – grooves 37 – flexors 298, 300 – labial Sussdorf space 317, 319 – joint 37, 43 – fractures 279 –– artery 486, 488 Sustentacular cells 435 – membrane 37, 51 – ligaments 276–277 –– region 687 Sustentaculum, of talus 262, 263–264, –– inflammation 51 – muscles 282 Supination 177 276 – sheaths 51 – osteoarthritis 279 Supinator muscle/s 47 Sutura(-ae) 37, 73 –– of digits of forearm 236, 236–237, – skeleton 262, 264 – of forearm 223 – capitis 128 238, 238, 240 – synovial bursae 298, 303 Supracallosal gyrus 530 – foliata 37 – villi 31, 42 – tendon sheaths 298 Suprachoroid layer of choroid 600 – palatina mediana 88 Synoviocytes 37 Tassels 634 Supraclavicular – plana 37 Synsacrum 748 Taste buds 329–330, 332 – branches of cervical nerves 562 – serrata 37 Synsarcosis 171, 190 Teat 642, 645, 647 – nerves 722 – squamosa 37 Syringeal muscles 759 – canal 643 –– cutaneous innervation 572 Sutures 37, 73 Syrinx 747, 759, 759–760 – orifice 645 Supracondylar Swallowing 348 Systema – sinus 643, 645–648 – foramen 176, 177, 486 Sweat glands 635, 638, 641 – cardiovasculare 471, 769 Technetium-99m 802 – fossa 253, 254–255 Sweeney 564, 730 – digestorum 751 Tectal plate 523 Supracoracoid muscle 750, 751 Sympathetic – lymphaticum 57 Tectorial membrane 630–631, 632 Supraglenoid tubercle 171, 173–175, – chain ganglia 63–64 – musculare 43 Tectrices 778 190–191 – ganglion 583,584 – nervosum 58, 515 Teeth 335, 690 Suprahamate process 174 –– of adrenal medulla 596 –– centrale 58, 61, 515 – estimation of animal’s age 690 Supramammary – nerves 583, 585 –– periphericum 58, 515, 548 – of cat 340, 344 – muscles 139, 714 – neurons 517 – urinarium 763 – of dog 340, 344–345 – region 734 – nuclei 63 Systematic anatomy 24–25 – of horse 339, 341–343 Supramastoid crest 80, 82 , 95, 101, 105 – system 63, 538, 581 Systemic circulation 52–53, 471, 477 – of ox 344, 346 Supraoccipital bone 75 – trunk 559,582,583–584, 700, – arteries 483 – of pig 343, 345 Supraomental recess 368, 369, 369 706–707 Systole 52, 55, 475, 481 Tegmental nuclei 528 Supraoptic nuclei 537, 587, 589, 607 –– abdominal part 583 Tegmentum 523, 533, 549 Supraorbital –– cephalic part 582 T – mesencephali 523, 527 – artery 487, 488, 688 –– coccygeal part 584, 584 – pontis 521 – canal 83 –– cranial part 582 T lymphocytes 57, 501, 511, 770 – vasculosum 776, 776 – foramen 80, 82, 94, 101, 107 –– sacral part 584, 584 T-ligament 237 Tela(-ae) – margin 80, 82,85 –– thoracic part 583 Tabula ossis ischii 247 – choroidea 523 – nerve 611, 681 Sympathicus 63–64 Tactile hairs 638, 639, 640, 642–643 – interdigitales 777 – tactile hairs 639 Symphysial Taenia 372 – muscularis 352 Suprapapillary – branch of ilium 243 – choroidea 541 – subcutanea 633, 652 – epidermis 655 – tendon 166, 290 – of caecum 379–380 –– limbi 661 – horn 635 Symphysis 37 – of colon 381 – submucosa 352, 354, 371 Suprapatellar fossa 254–255 – intervertebralis 130, 132 Tail – subserosa 69 Suprapineal recess 515, 533 – ischiadica 243 – feathers 778 Telencephalon 61, 520, 520–521,523, Suprarenal cortex 594, 595 – pelvina 243, 265 – glands 641 525, 771 Suprascapular – pubica 243 – muscles 167, 169, 749 – functions 530 – artery 485, 487 Synapses 44, 65, 519 – of epididymis 435, 435, 440 Telogenetic stage of hair 639 – fossa 175 Synaptic – of muscle 46 Temporal 26 – muscle 722 – bulbous corpuscle 65 – region 733–734 – angle of eyelid 612, 613 – nerve 563–564, 564, 569, 722, – excitation 65 – root region 732, 732 – bone 74–75, 79, 80, 105 728–729 – gap 65 Talocentrodistometatarsal – canal 79, 99, 102 –– paralysis 564, 727 Synarthrosis 37 ligament 276–277, 279 – fascia 137 Supraspinous Synchondrosis 37, 132 Talocrural joint 280 – fossa 81, 88, 95, 96, 102, 105, 129, – bursa 134, 134 – intermandibularis 90 – injection sites 279 146 – fossa 171, 173–174 – intersphenoidalis 128 – pouches 280 – line 80, 81, 82, 88, 688 – ligament 132, 133, 133–135, 267 – of skull 128 Talus 261–262, 263–264 – lobe 523, 525, 529, 529, 534 – muscle 214, 216, 221, 221,7226–22 , – petro-occipitalis 128 Tapetal cells 600 –– acoustic area 556 722, 783 – spheno-occipitalis 128 Tapetum – meatus 104 Supratrochlear foramen 176, 177, 177, – sphenopetrosa 128 – cellulosum 600 – muscle 144, 146, 146,147,148, 347, 194 – sternalis 128, 130, 136 – fibrosum 600 689 Supraventricular crest 475 Syndesmosis 37 – lucidum 600, 605, 606, 616, 697 – plane 82 Supreme intercostal artery 483, 489 Synergists 47 Tarsal – process of zygomatic bone 79, 80, Suspensory Synostosis 37 – bones 38–40, 259, 261, 263–265, 751 82–83, 85, 89

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Tela(-ae) – network 435, 435 –– bony structures 727 – radiograph 116, 119 – region 685, 686–688, 689 – vein 438, 764 –– cutaneous innervation 572 – skeleton 119 – sinus 546, 547 Testis 433, 433–435, 437, 439, 468, –– deep fasciae 211 – superficial muscle grooves 703 Temporohyoid joint 128 763, 765, 773 –– dorsal nerves of hoof 666 – topography 703, 706–707 Temporomandibular – blood supply 438 –– extrinsic musculature 211, 213, Three-headed muscles 47 – joint 79, 95, 98, 102, 103, 128, 345, – descent 433 214–215, 220 Thymus 57, 317, 510, 510, 770 626–627 – endocrine/exocrine function 596 –– hoof 660 – factor 510 –– computed tomography (CT) 793 – injection of blood vessels 440 –– innervation of digit 657, 659 – Hassall bodies 511 – region 686–687 – investments 436, 436–437 –– innervation of hoof 677 – involution 510 Tendinocytes 45 – ligaments 469 –– intrinsic musculature 214, 215, 215, – lobules 510, 511 Tendinous intersection of rectus – lymphatics 439 217 Thyroarytenoid muscle 409 abdominis 164 – nervous supply 439 –– joints 190 Thyrohyoid 92, 93, 99, 104, 627 Tendo(-ines) 44 – structure 433 –– locomotion 311 – membrane 409 – calcaneus communis 287, 301 Testosterone 441 –– lymph nodes 505 – muscle 151, 350 – gastrocnemius 301 Tetanus toxin 65 –– lymphatics 729 Thyroid – praepubicus 163 Tetrachromatic perception of light 773 –– musculature 211, 722 – arteries 486, 591 Tendon sheaths 46, 47 Textus –– nerve tracts 728–729 – cartilage 403–404, 406, 407, 407, – cavities/recess 51 – connecticus collagenosus laxus 28 –– nerves 569 409–410, 590–591 – inflammation 51 – nervosus 60 –– orientation points 727 – gland 156,589,590–593, 773 – of tarsus 301 Thalamus 524, 526, 532, 535, 538 –– palmar nerves of hoof 666 –– C-cells 36 Tendon/s 44, 45, 47 – nuclei 549 –– palpable bony structures 737 –– enlargement 692, 702 – of carpal joint 726 Theca cells 451, 453, 596 –– regions 722, 723 –– palpation 702 – of deep digital flexor muscle Thermal –– scintigraphy 802 –– ultrasonogram 592 241, 311 – imaging 790 –– sectional anatomy 782, 784–786 – notch 406, 407, 409 – of gastrocnemius muscle (Achilles – receptors 637 –– skeleton 171, 172–173 – veins 591 tendon) 296 Thierness muscle 229 –– statics and dynamics 309 Thyroidectomy 702 – of interosseous muscle 202 Thigh –– veins 495 Thyropharyngeal muscle 348, 350 – of knee or stifle region 732 – caudal muscles 287, 290–291, 295 – lobe of thymus 510, 511 Thyrotropic hormone (TSH) 36, 588 – of metacarpal region 726 – medial muscles 290, 291, 294–295 – lumbar region of vertebral column Tibia 38–40, 256, 258, 259–260 – of origin 44 – muscles 282, 749 (spine), radiograph 117 Tibial – of superficial digital flexor – nerves 578 – muscles 216, 218–219 – collateral ligament 269 muscle 241, 311 – region 731–732, 733–734 – nerves 568 – nerve 568, 573– 574, 576–577, 578, – tensile strength 44 – skeleton 252 – nucleus 518 581, 657, 667, 678, 732–734, Tensor Third – part 737–739, 772 – fasciae latae muscle 283 – carpal bone 185 –– of external oblique abdominal – tarsal bone 261 – muscle – eyelid 612, 613, 614, 614 , 687, 697 muscle 164 – tuberosity 256, 259, 260, 733 –– of antebrachial fascia 215, 222–223, – fibular muscle 299, 300–301 –– of iliocostal muscle 156–715 Tibiofibular joints 274 227 – metacarpal bone 185, 263 –– of long muscle of head 151 Tibiotarsus 748, 749 –– of fascia lata 284, 286, 294 – metatarsal bone 263 –– of longissimus muscle 155, 157 Tight joints 40 – of scutiform cartilage 144, 146 – neuron of retina 604 –– of multifidus muscles 158 Tip – tympani muscle 622–623, 628 – phalanx, cartilages 189, 189 –– of rhomboid muscle 154, 216 – of teat 643 – veli palatini 328 – trochanter 253, 254 –– of semispinal muscle 157–159 – of tongue 690 Tentorial process 75 – ventricle 521, 524, 527, 538,541, –– of spinal cord 515, 516 Toes Tentorium cerebelli 77, 540 543, 771 –– of spinal muscle 156, 157, 159 – magnetic resonance imaging 787 – osseum 82, 90, 99, 100, 103, 104 Third-order bronchi 760 –– of sympathetic trunk 583 – sectional anatomy 787 Teres Thoracic –– of trapezius muscle 211 Tongue 328, 329, 330–331, 753 – major – aorta 483, 488, 500, 707 –– of vagus nerve 558 – innervation 331 –– muscle 220–221, 221, 224, 722, 782 – aortic lymph nodes 505, 506 –– of ventral serrate muscle 217 – intrinsic muscle 330 –– tuberosity 175 – area 736 – skeleton 125 – mechanical papillae 689 – minor – cage 315 – spinal nerves 562 – musculature 330 –– muscle 175, 219, 221, 224, 722 – cavity 69, 74, 125, 315 – vertebrae 38–40, 74, 112–113, 116, – paralysis 331, 559 –– tuberosity 175 –– computed tomography (CT) 795 117, 118–120, 748 – tip 690 Terminal –– magnetic resonance imaging 323, – wall, muscles 159 – vascular supply 331 – arch 487, 497, 665, 675, 678–679 796 Thoracoabdominal Tonsilla – arteries 53 –– projection of organs onto lateral – cavity 317 – lingualis 349 –– occlusion 56 body wall 742, 743, 745 – trunk 770 – palatina 349, 691 – bronchi 413 –– radiograph 322 Thoracocentesis 71 Tonsillar fossa/fossulae 350 – filament 515, 516 –– regions 703–704 Thoracodorsal Tonsillectomy 349, 691 – line 319, 321, 704 –– stratigraphy 703 – artery 485, 487, 728–729 Tonsils 57, 349 – nerve 549 – column (spine) 112 – nerve 562–563, 564, 569, 725, Top-coat hair 638 – nerve corpuscles 638 –– movements 136 728–729 Topographical anatomy 24 – papillae 656, 674–675 –– radiograph 117 Thoracolumbar Torsio coli sinistra 382 Tertiary – duct 161, 317, 319, 493, 505–506, – fascia 137, 161, 165, 213 Torus(-i) 650 – follicle 451–452, 453–455 506–507, 509, 707 – vertebrae 309 – carpeus/tarseus 650 – remiges 778, 778 – foot 669 Thorax 38–40,74 – corneus 670–671 Testicular – group of intertransversal – computed tomography (CT) 795 – digitalis 650–651, 657, 671 – artery 438, 440, 490, 493, 736 muscles 159 – cranial aperture 703 – intercostalis 759 – bursa 435, 439–440, 459 – limb – lymph nodes 505 – metacarpeus/metatarseus 650 – descent 433, 763 –– arteries 487 – magnetic resonance imaging 799 – pyloricus 355 – membranes 714 –– blood vessels 728–729 – palpable bony structures 737 – ungulae 651

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Tow-bellied muscle 46 – pectoral muscle 213, 216–217, 724 True Tubular Tow-headed muscle 46 – plane 26, 27 – bronchi 413 – glands 67 Trabecula(-ae) – pons 521 – joints 37 – horn 655, 657, 662, 680 – carneae 475, 478 – process 109–110, 110, 112–113, 114, – nostril 402 Tubules – of bone 29 115 – ribs 125 – of bone 29 – of lymph node 502 –– of axis 111, 114–115 Truncus – of horn 654 – of spleen 513, 514 –– of cervical vertebra 118 – bicaroticus 483 Tubuloalveolar glands 68 – septomarginalis 475–476, 476 –– of lumbar vertebra 120, 124 – brachiocephalicus sinister Tubulus(-i) Trabecular –– of sacrum 125 et dexter 769 – attenuatus 422 – artery 513 –– of thoracic vertebra 113, 120 – corpori callosi 529 – contortus distalis/proximalis 422 – bone 30 – retinaculum 190 – costocervicalis 483 – epidermales 655 – vein 513, 514 – ridges of hard palate 328, 329–330 – encephali 520 – rectus distalis/proximalis 422 Trachea 317, 397, 405, 411, 412, 758, – sinus 77, 546, 547 – fasciculi atrioventricularis 480 – seminiferi contorti/recti 435 760 –– canal 104 – linguofacialis 486 Tunica – endoscopic examination 702 –– of pericardium 472 – pudendoepigastricus 490 – adventitia 352 – endoscopy 702 – superficial pectoral muscle 217, 220 – pulmonalis 52, 474, 483 –– of arteries 55 – respiratory mucosa 411, 412 – thoracic muscle 160–161 – sympathicus 64, 582 –– of blood vessels 54 Tracheal Transversospinal muscles 155, 157 – thoracicus 319 –– of veins 56 – bronchus 414, 416, 416 Trapezius muscle 155, 211, 214–215, – vagalis dorsalis 393 – albuginea testis 433 – cartilages 405,411,412, 590 218–219, 220, 311, 722 – vagosympathicus 582 – dartos 433, 436–437 – collapse 702 Trapezoid body 515, 521, 522, 524, Trunk 309 – fibrosa bulbi 598 – lymph duct 510 534, 536 – architecture 309 – flava abdominis 137, 163 – muscles 411, 412, 758 Traumatic – cutaneous muscles 138 – interna bulbi 598, 603, 773 – region 691 – pericarditis 365 – deep muscles 158 – intima 54 – rings 758 – reticulitis 365, 637 – middle layer of muscles 156 – media 54–56 – trunk 58, 497, 504, 507, 700, 701 Tree of life 522, 533 – muscles 149 –– bulbi 600, 697, 773 Tracheobronchial lymph nodes 414, Triangular ligament 378, 391 – of jejunal arteries 372 – mucosa 66, 352, 354, 371 417, 481, 506, 506–507, 559, Tributary (regional) lymph node 58 – of spinal nerve 563 – muscularis 68, 354, 371, 754 706–707 Triceps muscle of forearm 194, – regions 704–705 – serosa 69, 352 Tracheotomy 702 214–216, 221, 222–223, 722, 724, – superficial muscles 154, 156 – submucosa 352 Tractus 782–783 TSH (thyrotropic hormone) 36, 588 – vasculosa bulbi 598, 600 – mesencephali 549 Tricipital region 723 Tuba Tusks 343 – opticus 534, 617 Tricuspid valve 475, 476, 478 – auditiva 623, 775 Two-bellied muscles 47 Tragus 619–620, 620 – heart sound 482 – uterina 459 Two-headed muscles 47 – hairs 639 Trigeminal Tubal tonsil 349, 623 Tympanic Trajectorial construction of bones 29 – ganglion 549, 550, 552–554 Tuber – bulla 77, 80, 83,95,619, 621, 621, 624 Transport – lemniscus 531 – calcanei 262 – cavity 80, 619,621,622, 628, 775 – of substances 67 – nerve (V) 521, 522, 524, 549, 550, – cinereum 524, 587 – cells 624 – vessels 58 555, 560, 615 – coxae 243 – membrane 80, 95, 619, 620, Transverse –– damage 553 – faciale 87 621–622, 628, 630, 775, 775 – abdominal muscle 69, 163, 164, 165, –– motor fibres 549 – ischiadicum 247 –– inner mucosa 621 167, 168, 282 –– neurological examination 693 – maxillae 88 –– layers 620 – acetabular ligament 267, 269 –– sensory fibres 549 – of spine of scapula 171, 174 –– navel 698 – arytenoid muscle 409, 409, 411 Trigone of bladder 430–431 – olecrani 181 –– vascularisation 698 – band of humerus 222 Trigonum phalangis proximalis 189 – sacrale 243 – opening of auditory tube 695, 775 – canal 112 Triosseal canal 748 Tubercle of rib 126 – part – cerebral Trochanter Tuberculum –– of petrous bone 624 –– fissure 515, 533 – major 253 – costae 126 –– of temporal bone 80 –– groove 528, 529 – minor 253 – dorsale/ventrale vertebrae – ring 80, 619, 620, 621, 624 – colon 375–376, 380, 383, 721 – of femur, palpation 730 110, 112 Tympanohyoid (tympanohyoi- – crest 178, 179, 179, 185 – tertius 253 – flexorum 184 deum) 93, 93, 99, 104, 626 – cubital artery 485, 487 Trochanteric – intermedium 175 Tympanum 80, 759 – diameter 250 – fossa 253, 255 – intervenosum 474 Type-A synoviocytes/Type-B – facial – plane 255 – majus 175 synoviocytes 37 –– artery 486–487, 488–489, 689, Trochlea – minus 175 692–693 – of femur 253, 254–257 – musculare of occipital bone 74 U –– vein 495, 689, 692 – of talus 262, 265 – pubicum ventrale 243 – fascia 70, 138, 161, 168, 280, 438 – radii 178–179 – sellae 78 Udder 642, 648, 650 – fissure of cerebrum 525 – tali 262 – supraglenoidale 171 – apperance 649 – foramen 110, 112, 112, 114–115, Trochlear – trochleae ossis femoris 253 – blood supply 648 129–130 – foramen 105 Tuberositas – clinical examination 716 – grooves of rumen 362 – fovea 97, 102 – deltoidea 175 – diseases 660 – humeral ligament 191 – nerve (IV) 94, 523, 549, 5501 –55 , – flexoria 189 – glandular tissue 643, 646–647 – hyoid muscle 151, 351 560, 611,615 – iliaca 243 – of cow 648 – ligament –– motor fibres 549 – musculi iliocostalis 156 – of horse 650 –– of atlas 131 –– sensory fibres 549 – ossis metacarpalis 186 – of small ruminants 648 –– of extensor tendons 301 – notch 178, 178–179,181 – radii 179 – region 734 –– of stifle joint 269, 271 – nuclei 523, 549 – sacralis 125 – suspensory apparatus 645 – line of sacrum 122 Trochoid joint 130 – sternomandibularis 104 – vascularisation 716 – muscle of thorax 161 Trot 313, 313 – tibiae 259 – venous drainage 650

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Ulna 38–40, 172, 175, 177, 178–179, – respiratory tract 397–398 – projection onto left lateral body Vasoconstriction 55 181, 192, 748 Urachus 429 wall 742 Vasodilation 55 Ulnar – scar 717 – prominences 460 Vater-Pacinian corpuscles 637, – accessory carpal ligament 196 Ureter 425, 428–429, 752, 763, – simplex 459 638–639 – carpal bone 181, 182, 182–183,184, 765–766 – ultrasonogram 791 Vegetative 185, 197–198, 748 – mucous glands 426 – with enclosed egg 768 – ganglia 63, 64 – collateral Ureteric Utricle (utriculus) 534, 628,629 – nervous system 59, 63, 537, 580 –– artery 667, 724 – columns 430–431 Utriculosaccular sac 628 – sensibility 59 –– ligament 193 – crest 430 Uvea 600, 697 Veins 52, 54, 56, 471, 491 –– vein 724 – fold 430 – low blood pressure 56 – extensor muscle of carpus 194, – ostium 430–431, 763 V – muscle pumps 56 214–215, 224–225, 226, 228, 230– Urethra 430, 430–431,439 – nomenclature 57 231, 567,724 – blood supply 448 Vagal trunk 389, 707 – of head 493 – flexor muscle of carpus 194, 224– – entrance 463 Vagina(-ae) 450–451, 461,463, – of neck 493 225, 226–228, 230–231, 566, 724 – innervation 448 463–464, 466, 720–721, 767 – of pelvic limb 496, 499 – groove 724 – lymphatic drainage 448 – bulbi oculi 610 – of sole margin 675, 679–680 – head Urethral – carotica 700 – of thoracic limb 495 –– of deep digital flexor muscle 233 – bulb 445 – dermalis radicularis 638 – root origins 57 –– of flexor muscle of carpus 224–225 – crest 429 – epithelialis radicularis 638 – valves 56, 491 – nerve 563, 564, 565–566, 569, 657, – folds 429 – musculi recti abdominis 164–165 Velum(-a) 659, 667, 677, 723–724, 725, – muscle 430, 718 – synovialis – abomasica 366 728–729 – orifice 430, 439 –– communis musculorum – branch/es –– cutaneous innervation 572 – process 434, 445, 445, 447 flexorum 238 –– of cervical nerves 572 – notch 179 – sphincter muscle 322 –– intertubercularis 191 –– of lumbar nerves 568 – trochlear notch 193 – wall 430 –– tendineum digitorum manus –– of oculomotor nerve 549 – vein, intravenous injection 769 Urethrostomy 716 236, 238 – medullare Ulnocarpal joint 195, 197 Uric acid (urate) 763 Vaginal –– caudale 522 Ultimobranchial body 773 Urinary bladder 374–375, 429, – artery 449–451, 469, 470, 491 –– rostrale 521–522 Ultrafiltrate 419, 421 430–432, 450, 716, 719 – cavity 438 – omentale 360 Ultrasound 791 – examination 718 – opening 438 – palatinum 328, 329, 347 – contrast media 791 – folds 429 – process 164, 297, 319, 378, 433, Vena(-ae) 56, 491 – greyscale 791 – layers 429 437–438, 438, 468, 714, 736 – axillaris 496 – M mode 791 – projection onto lateral body wall 740 – ring 437 – azygos 495 – pulse transit time 791 – transitional epithelium 429 – vein 469 – brachialis 496 – real time 791 – ultrasonogram 792 Vagosympathetic trunk 497,558,558, – cava – signal strength 791 Urinary system 419, 763 582, 585, 693 –– caudalis 53, 496 – strength of reflected sound Urodeum 757, 757, 763, 765 Vagus nerve (X) 370, 521, 524, 527, –– cranialis 53, 493, 496 waves 791 Urogenital 550, 557, 557–559, 560, 584–585, –– fold 706 Umbilical – diaphragm 469 695, 696, 700 –– foramen 319 – arteries 322, 429, 470, 491 – region 734 Valgus deviations 730 – cephalica 496 – barbs 778 – sinus 468 Vallate papillae 330, 331–332 – cordis magna/minimae 477, 480 – cord 319 – system 26, 419 Valva – cornuales 681 – hernia 319 Urography 791 – aortae 476 – coronaria media 480 – opening 163 Urolithiasis 716 – atrioventricularis – digitales – region 71, 705, 709 Uroproctodeal plica 757 –– dextra seu tricuspidalis 475 –– palmares medialis et lateralis – vein 389 Uropygial –– sinistra seu mitralis 476 495 Umbilicus 168, 319 – gland 747, 776, 777 – trunci pulmonalis 475, 483 –– plantares medialis et lateralis 496 – distalis/proximalis 777 – papilla 776, 777 Valveless veins 493 – dorsalis pedis 496 Umbo of tympanic membrane Uterine Valves of veins 56 – femoralis 496 621, 698 – artery 462, 469, 470, 490–491, 718 Valvula(-ae) – gastrica sinistra 358 Uncinate process of ribs 748 – branch of ovarian artery 469, 470 – lymphaticae 58 – hepatica dextra/sinistra 757 Unguicula 651, 656 – caruncles 461, 463, 466 – semilunares 475 – iliaca externa/interna 496 Unguicular – cervix 465–466, 718 – tubae auditivae 695 – jugularis externa 496 – crest 184, 184, 656 – glands 766 Valvular node 478 – mediana 496 – process of distal phalanx 656 – horn 449–450, 458–459, 460, Varus deviations 730 – metacarpeae 495 – sulcus 184, 184 460–464, 469, 469, 716–717, 718, Vas(-a) 54, 482 – metatarsalis plantaris superficialis Unguis 651 720–721 – capillaria 52, 56 medialis 769 Ungula 651, 659–660 – lymph node 470 –– sinusoidea 56 – metatarseae 496 Uniarticular muscle 47 – ostium 458, 459 – lymphatica 57, 501 – ovarica 469 Uniaxial joints 40 – tube 458,459,459, 462, 468, 716 –– fibrotypica 769 – poplitea 496 Unipennate muscle 46, 46 –– maturation of follicle 452 –– myotopica 769 – portae 53, 358, 388, 757 Upper – wall 460 – nervorum 62 – renalis 423 – carnassial tooth, extraction 690 Uterovaginal glands 767 – sanguinea 54 – saphena lateralis/medialis 496 – eyelid 598, 612, 613 Uterus 459, 461, 766 – vasorum 55 – subclavia 496 – incisive muscle 143 – bicornis 459 Vascular – temporalis superficialis 681 – inward rotator 144 – circular folds 460 – lacuna 280, 732 – testicularis 438 – jaw 83 – duplex 459 – layer – tibialis cranialis 496 – lip 398 – implantation of fertilised ovum 453 –– of choroid 600 – umbilicalis 389 –– tactile hairs 639, 642 – internal circular layer 463 –– of eyball 600 – vaginalis 469 – motor neurons 535 – mucosal folds 460 – network of pituitary gland 546 – vorticosae 600, 615

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Venipuncture 331 – perineal artery 470, 491 –– curvatures 73 – bursae omentalis 359 – of jugular vein 769 – pubic tubercle 243 –– functions 73 – cochleae 80 – of lateral saphenous vein 496 – region of neck 691, 698–699, –– joints 131 – labiale 327 Venous 700 –– ligaments 133 – labyrinthi 628 – blood, composition 57 – root –– magnetic resonance imaging 799 – laryngis 408 – plexus –– of cervical nerves 562 –– mobility 136 – nasi 402, 690 –– of deep dermis 638 –– of spinal ganglion 582 – foramen 73, 109, 110, 120, 123 – oris 327, 336 –– of epidural space 539, 545 –– of spinal nerve 518, 562, 563 – formula 117 – vaginae 464 –– of ileal papilla 379 – sac of rumen 361, 362–363, 369 – ganglion 563 Veterinary anatomy 21 –– of sclera 599, 602 – sacrococcygeal muscle 290 – head – history 21 –– of sole 677 – sacroiliac ligaments 265 –– of biceps muscle of thigh Vexillum 777, 778 –– of teat 643 – scalene muscle 149–150, 152, 153, 287, 292 Viborg triangle 696, 700, 736 –– of urethra 430 154, 156, 158 –– of semitendinous muscle 289 Vibrissae 639, 640 – ring of teat 648 – serrate muscle 154–155, 215–216, – nerve 583, 583–584 Villi intestinales 371 – sinus/es 56, 491 217, 220, 309, 722 – plexus 495, 497–499 Vincula tendinum 51 –– of dura mater 493, 540 – spinal – region of thorax 704 Viscera 66 –– of spleen 514 –– artery 541, 545 – sacrum 121 – connective tissue 68 – terminal arch 675 –– root 515 – surface of lung 761 – epithelium 66 Ventral 26, 27 – straight muscle 598,611,611–612 – trunk 582 – functions 68 – abomasial lymph nodes 370 –– of head 148, 151, 153 – vein 495, 497 – general anatomy 66 – angle of scapula 171 – superficial Vertex – mucosa 66 – arch 109, 110, 114–115 –– cervical lymph nodes 504 – corneae 599 Visceral – articular surface of dens 110 –– scutuloauricular muscle – diaphragmatis 161 – afferent pathways 538 – atlantoaxial ligament 131 144, 146 – of urinary bladder 429 – efferent pathways 538 – atlanto-occipital membrane 130 – thoracic Vertical – motility 68 – border of lung 412 –– lymph centre 506 – columns of cerebrum 525 – nervous system 537, 580 – branch/es –– lymph nodes 506 – diameter 250 – pathways 538 –– of cervical nerves 562 – tubercle 110, 112, 114 – ligaments of carpus 195 – peritoneum 752 –– of cranial sacral nerves 574 – vagal trunk 317, 559, 584–585, – vulva opening 465 – pleura 315, 412, 752 –– of lumbar nerves 568 706–707 Vesica fellea 391, 758 – sensibility 59 –– of spinal nerve 562, 563, 582 – vestibular area 94 Vesicogenital pouch 319, 319, 323, – serosa 70, 70 – buccal Ventricles 326, 716–717 –– of stomach 355 –– branch of facial nerve 557 – of brain 61, 541, 543–544 Vesicular – surface of spleen 511–512 –– glands 336 – of heart 52, 474 – ducts 430 – vaginal tunic 436–437 –– nerve 555–556 Ventricular – gland 433,441,441 Viscerocranium 84 – buccolabial branch 690 – diverticulum 353 Vessels 54, 482 Visceromotorics 59 – cervical muscles 216–217 – muscle 408–409, 411 – of the vasculature 55 Visual – coccygeal – system 771 Vestibular – area 530, 536, 606 –– muscle 294 Ventriculus(-i) 353, 754 – area 530 – cortex 534, 549 –– plexus 169 – cordis 473–474 – artery 491 – field 772 – cochlear nuclei 534 – dexter 474 – bulbs 464 – information 533 – colic artery 373 – laryngis lateralis 408 – ganglion 534, 556, 698 –– receptors 617 – column 517 – sinister 475 – glands 464 – pathways 533, 536, 617 –– of grey matter 535 Ventrolateral – labyrinth 619, 628–629 – perception 617 – conchal – coccygeal artery/vein 169 –– receptor cells 629 Vital layers of epidermis 654

–– recess 108 – column 518, 519 – ligament 408 Vitamin D3 (1,25-dihydroxy- –– sinus 93, 108 Ventromedial nucleus 589 – membrane 630, 631 cholecalciferol) 36 – crest 109–110, 110, 114, 120 Ventus 757 – nerve 94, 628 Vitreous – diaphragmatic flexure 377–378, Venulae – nuclei 550 – body 598–600, 608, 610 380, 381 – rectae 424 – organ 524, 536,776 – chamber 598, 607–608, 774 – gastric mesenteries 70 – stellatae 424 – pathway 534, 536 – humor 608 – hepatic peritoneal cavity 752 Venules 53, 54, 56, 471 – surface of teeth 336 Vocal – horn 516, 517, 518 – of retina 615 – window 622, 628, 628, 630, 775, – fold 407–408, 408, 409, 759 – intertransverse muscle Vermis cerebelli 522, 523, 526 775–776 – ligament 408, 409 –– of neck 151, 160 Vertebra(-ae) Vestibule 629 – muscle 408–411 –– of tail 168 – anticlinalis 114 – of cochlea 80 – process 406 – longitudinal ligament 133, 133, 135 – basis structure 110 – of larynx 408 Vocalisation 410 – median fissure 515, 516, 517, 518 – caudales 125 – of nose 639 Volkmann vessels 32,36 – mesentery 70, 71, 321 – cervicales 110 – of omental bursa 359 Voluntary motor function 524 – mesogastrium 70, 71, 359–360, 367 – lumbales 120 – of oral cavity 327 Voluntary nervous system 63 – nasal – sacrales 122 – of vagina 449, 449–451, 463, 464, Vomer 86, 89, 89–90, 97, 100, –– concha 83, 87, 90, 100–101, 102, – thoracicae 74, 112 464, 466 400, 627 108, 328, 400, 402, 403, 405 Vertebral Vestibulocochlear Vomeronasal organ 328, 550 –– meatus 83, 88, 101, 401–402, 404, – arch 109, 110, 113–114, 121 – nerve (VIII) 80, 521, 522, 524, Vomiting 352 691 – artery 485, 489, 491, 497, 541, 545 527–528, 534, 536, 550, 556, 556, Vorticose veins 600, 615, 688, –– passage 691 – body 73, 110, 113, 117 560, 619, 628, 629, 631 697, 697 – nerve roots 517 – canal 73, 109, 117, 133 – nuclei 536 Vulva 449, 463, 465, 466 – oblique muscle 598, 611, 611–612 – column (spine) 73, 109, 704 – organ 619, 775, 775 – omotransverse muscle 151 –– and skull, articulations 129 Vestibulum – part of pons 521 –– computed tomography (CT) 795 – buccale 327

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W –– of cerebrum 522, 525 X – intermedia 383 –– of spinal cord 518, 519 – juxtamedullaris 421 Walking phases of horse 313 – muscle type 44 X-rays 792 – pellucida 452 Wall – pulp of spleen 514, 771 Xiphoid – peripherica 421 – dermis 671 Wide – cartilage 127, 128, 708 Zonula ciliaris 601 – horn 670, 674–675 – bones 29 – process 119, 127,128 Zonular fibres 601, 607, 608 – segment 651, 654 – muscles 46,47 – region 705, 708 Zygodactyly 751 –– of claw 652, 653, 656, 658 Wings Xiphosternal synchondrosis 127, 136 Zygomatic –– of hoof 653, 660, 662, 662, – bones 748 – arch 77–78, 79, 85, 88, 95, 97–99, 670–671, 672–675 – claw 751 Y 102, 105 –– of nail 652, 653 – of atlas 110, 111, 113, 115, – bone 74–75, 79, 85, 89,95 Wattle 777 129, 130 Yellow abdominal tunic 163, 165 – branch of facial nerve 556–557, 615 White – of basisphenoid 78 Yolk – gland 336 – commissure 519, 519 – of birds 747 – membrane 767 – muscle 142, 142, 143, 144, 150 – communicating branches 581 – of ilium 121, 243, 247–248 – sac 449, 769, 770 – nerve 551, 553, 560, 687 – ear lobe 775 – of presphenoid 78 – skin 769 – process 79 – line 664, 671, 673 – of sacrum 122, 124, –– of frontal bone 78,81,82, 88–89, –– disease 664 125, 247 Z 96, 101, 107 –– of abdomen 69 Withdrawal reflex 519 –– of temporal bone 79, 80, 85, 89,95, –– of hoof 662, 673, 674–676 Wobbler syndrome 702 Zeugopodium 244, 733 96, 105 –– of horn of sole 662 Wolf tooth 340 Zinn fibres 697 – region 686–687 – matter 61–62 Wolffian duct 468 Zona – salivary gland 328 –– blood supply 545 Wool hairs 638–639 – alba 673 – tactile hairs 639 –– myelin sheaths 62 Woven bone 32, 35 – columnaris 383 Zygomaticoauricular muscle 144, 146, – cutanea 383 688

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