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Dissertao De Mestrado DISSERTAÇÃO DE MESTRADO Clonagem e expressão do cDNA codificante para a toxina do veneno de Lasiodora sp, LTx2, em vetor de expressão pET11a. Alexandre A. de Assis Dutra Ouro Preto, Julho de 2006 Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto Núcleo de Pesquisa em Ciências Biológicas Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto Núcleo de Pesquisa em Ciências Biológicas Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas Clonagem e expressão do cDNA codificante para a toxina do veneno de Lasiodora sp, LTx2, em vetor de expressão pET11a. Alexandre A. de Assis Dutra ORIENTADOR: PROF. DR. IESO DE MIRANDA CASTRO Dissertação apresentada ao programa de pós-graduação do Núcleo de Pesquisa em Ciências Biológicas da Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, como parte integrante dos requisitos para a obtenção do Título de Mestre em Ciências Biológicas na área de concentração Biologia Molecular. Ouro Preto, julho de 2006 D978c Dutra, Alexandre A. Assis. Clonagem e expressão do DNA codificante para a toxina do veneno de Lasiodora sp, LTx2, em vetor de expressão pET11a: [manuscrito]. / Alexandre A. Assis Dutra. - 2006. xi, 87f.: il., color; graf.; tabs. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Ieso de Miranda Castro. Área de concentração: Biologia molecular. Dissertação (Mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto. Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas. Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas. 1. Clonagem - Teses. 2. Biologia molecular -Teses. 3. Toxinas - Teses. 4. Aranha - Veneno - Teses. I.Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto. Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas. Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas. II. Título. CDU: 577.2 Catalogação: [email protected] Agradecimentos Agradeço ao professor Ieso pela oportunidade de trabalho, pela confiança depositada em mim e pela orientação séria e comprometida; Lucas, Milene e André, por dividirem as dúvidas, frustrações e as conquistas nesse trabalho; Aos professores Juliana Fietto e Luciano Fietto por todos os conselhos e sugestões para sempre contornar, com serenidade, os problemas que surgiam; À Maria José Trópia, por estar sempre pronta e disposta para me tirar do sufoco com boa vontade e bom humor; Aos amigos do LBCM que fizeram os momentos difíceis parecerem até um pouco cômicos, especialmente Aninha, Lisvane, Mel, Fernanda, Luiza, Renata, Gil, Ju, Ronny, Murilo; Aos amigos dos outros laboratórios que foram de importância indispensável para a conclusão deste trabalho. Dentre os quais: LIP e Laboratório de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular; Um agradecimento especial aos amigos do Laboratório de Venenos e Toxinas Animais – ICB – UFMG; pela ajuda nas análises de dados e purificações, além de sempre me ajudar a manter o bom humor; Aos professores Adriano Pimenta e Milton Guerra pelas sugestões e discussões sempre muito proveitosas; À minha família em BH por sempre estar presente, mesmo quando eu não sabia que precisava tanto deles ou não dava o devido valor; Aos amigos que, mesmo não estando envolvidos diretamente na realização do trabalho, me ajudaram a manter a calma e esquecer dos problemas, quando estes pareciam maiores do que realmente eram; Agradeço a Deus por ter ajudado a encontrar os caminhos corretos nos momentos de maiores dificuldades. II Resumo O veneno de cobras, escorpiões, aranhas e outros animais venenosos é uma fonte rica em toxinas. Uma característica importante de algumas toxinas é o fato de serem espécie específicas. Neste trabalho, nós realizamos a clonagem da seqüência codificante para a toxina LTx2 da aranha Lasiodora sp. no vetor de expressão pET11a. Esta toxina foi previamente identificada, através da varredura de uma biblioteca de cDNA da glândula de veneno desta aranha. A análise de similaridade, feita com o programa de alinhamento local BLAST, mostrou que esta toxina apresenta similaridade com as toxinas huwetoxina-II e huwetoxina-VII da aranha Selenocosmia huwena, bem como com as toxinas LTx1 e LTx3 da Lasiodora sp. Após a clonagem no vetor de expressão, nós sequenciamos o produto da clonagem pelo método de Sanger e verificamos que o mesmo foi inserido no frame correto. A indução da expressão da toxina recombinante foi feita usando IPTG na concentração de 0,6 mM, por 3-4 horas. Através de ensaios imunoquímicos, nós constatamos que neste sistema a proteína recombinante é expressa sobretudo na forma de corpos de inclusão. Definimos então, uma estratégia para obter a toxina solúvel renaturada. Utilizando uma solução contendo uréia na concentração de 6 M realizamos a desnaturação dos corpos de inclusão, e procedemos a renaturação da proteína recombinante através de diálise em um tampão de renaturação. A amostra foi então submetida a uma cromatografia líquida de alta pressão em coluna de fase reversa. Através de eletroforese e Western Blotting, nós observamos que a estratégia de purificação foi eficiente. Realizamos então um ensaio antimicrobiano, onde observamos que a toxina recombinante, na concentração de 400 mg/mL. inibiu o crescimento dos microrganismos Escherichia coli, Salmonella Agona e Staphylococcus epidermidis. A expressão e recuperação da proteína recombinante em maior quantidade permitirá a realização de testes em outros organismos e a realização de ensaios eletrofisiológicos. III Abstract The venom from snakes, scorpions, spiders and other venomous animals is a very rich source of potent toxins. An interesting feature of some toxins is their remarkable species specificity. In the present work we cloned a sequence which codifies for the toxin LTx2 from the venom of the spider Lasiodora sp, in the expression vector pET11a. This toxin was previously identified in the screening of the cDNA library of the total venom. This toxin, when submitted to the local alignment tool, BLAST, shown similarity with the toxins huwetoxina-II and huwetoxina-VII, from the venom of the spider Selenocosmia huwena, as well as with the toxins LTx1 and LTx3 from Lasiodora sp. venom. After cloning in expression vector we verified if the fragment was inserted in the correct frame using the Sanger DNA sequencing method. The expression of the target protein was made by adding 0,6 mM IPTG to the media followed by a 3 to 4 hours incubation. With the assistance of immunochemical assays, we were able to detect that the target protein was been expressed in the form of inclusion bodies. Then we defined a strategy to recover the soluble refolded protein. Using a solution containing 6 M urea we proceed the solubilization of the inclusion bodies. The refolding of the soluble protein was made by the dialysis method in refolding buffer. The sample was, then, submitted to high pressure liquid chromatography, in a reversed phase column, to purify the protein. The purifying process was efficient, as shown by the Western Blotting and electrophoresis results. After that, we made an anti microbial assay, where we could see that the target protein, in the concentration of 400 mg/mL, inhibited the growth of the organisms used in the test. The expression and recovery of larger amounts of the target protein will allow tests with this toxin in other organisms and electrophysiological experiments. IV Índice Resumo………………………………………………………...…….………….. III Abstract……………………………………………………………..….….…….. IV Abreviaturas importantes………………………………………..….…………IX Lista de Figuras……………………………………………………...…………. X Lista de Tabelas.......................................................................................... XI Apêndice......................................................................................................XII 1 – Introdução.............................................................................................. 1 1.1 – Aspectos gerais................................................................................1 1.2 – Estudo de venenos animais ............................................................4 1.3 – Estudo de venenos de aranhas........................................................6 1.3.1 – Composição dos venenos de aranhas..........................................6 1.3.2 – Ação dos venenos em canais iônicos............................................9 1.3.2.1 - Toxinas de aranha e canais de Ca2+.........................................10 1.3.2.2 - Toxinas de aranha e canais de Na+...........................................13 1.3.2.3 - Toxinas de aranha e canais de K+.............................................17 1.3.2.4 - Toxinas de aranha e receptores de glutamato..........................19 1.3.3 – Toxinas inseticidas......................................................................21 1.3.4 - Atividade bactericida de venenos de aranhas..............................22 1.4 – Varredura de uma biblioteca de cDNA preparado a partir do mRNA obtido da glândula de veneno da aranha Lasiodora sp.................23 2 – Objetivos................................................................................................25 2.1 – Objetivo geral.................................................................................25 2.2 – Objetivos específicos.....................................................................25 3 – Materiais e Métodos.............................................................................26 3.1 – Microrganismos, vetores e condições de cultivo utilizados nos experimentos...........................................................26 3.1.1 – Microorganismos utilizadas nos experimentos............................26 V 3.1.2 – Vetores utilizados nos experimentos...........................................26 3.1.3 – Meios de cultura................................................................................27
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