ENVIRONMENTAL STATEMENT Supporting Document SD9 Health Impact Assessment
Outline Planning Application, Daresbury
March 2015
PHD QUALITY ASSURANCE
TITLE: Outline Planning Application, Daresbury Rapid Health Impact Assessment
PREPARED BY: Public Health By Designemail: [email protected], phone: 020 34 898 151
COMMISSIONED BY: Redrow Homes (North West) Limited (Redrow)
PROJECT NO: 14-014-SV – TEP R MUDOA HIA
Name Signature Date
Prepared by Dr Salim Vohra 06-03-2015 Dr Filipe Silva
Reviewed by Dr Salim Vohra 06-03-2015 Dr Filipe Silva
Approved by Dr Salim Vohra 06-03-2015
DRAFTS
Revision Details Prepared by Reviewed by Approved by Date Number
01 Draft SV/FS SV SV 02-03-3015
This report has been prepared by Public Health By Design Limited (“PhD”) for the use of the Client and any other stakeholders that the Client considers appropriate. It has been produced in line with generally accepted international best practice public health consultancy principles and the project’s terms of reference. Information provided by third parties and referred to in the report has been assumed to be correct and has not been separately verified by PhD unless explicitly stated in the report. No third parties should make decisions based on this report without discussing it first with the Client and PhD.
Public Health by Design is a public consultancy whose goal is to deliver innovative, effective and value-for- money health impact assessment, health impact evaluation, healthy urban planning and healthy public policy consultancy, research and capacity building.
We want to help you – businesses, local and national government, NGOs - to deliver better public and community health and wellbeing at policy, plan, programme, project and service levels; as a direct objective, as part of social responsibility programmes and as part of best practice proposal design, implementation, operation, decommissioning/ closure and restoration.
Outline Planning Application, Daresbury Rapid Health Impact Assessment Table of Contents
Table of Contents
Executive Summary ...... i 1 Introduction ...... 1 2 What is Health Impact Assessment? ...... 2 2.1 Introduction...... 2 2.2 Health Impact Assessment ...... 2 2.3 A holistic approach to health impacts ...... 5 2.4 General steps in HIA ...... 5 3 Methodology and Scope of this HIA ...... 7 3.1 Introduction...... 7 3.2 Screening ...... 7 3.3 Scoping ...... 7 3.4 Baseline and community profile ...... 9 3.5 Consultation and involvement ...... 9 3.6 Evidence and analysis ...... 9 3.7 Recommendations ...... 10 3.8 Follow up ...... 10 3.9 Reporting ...... 10 3.10 Limitations of this HIA ...... 10 4 Background Context of the Outline Masterplan and Proposed Devel opment ...... 11 4.1 Introduction...... 11 4.2 Background context to the proposed development ...... 11 4.3 Vision for the proposed development ...... 12 4.4 Description of the proposed development ...... 13 4.5 Indicative delivery of the proposed development ...... 19 5 Health Policy Context ...... 22 5.1 Introduction...... 22 5.2 National policy ...... 22 5.3 Local policy...... 23 5.4 Policy alignment ...... 25 6 Baseline and Community Profile ...... 26 6.1 Introduction...... 26 6.2 Halton summary health profile ...... 26 6.3 Daresbury summary health profile ...... 27 6.4 Age structure ...... 27 6.5 Ethnic profile...... 28 6.6 Religion ...... 28 6.7 Family structure ...... 28 6.8 Health and wellbeing status...... 29 6.9 Deprivation, social capital and community cohesion ...... 33 6.10 Housing ...... 33 6.11 Education...... 34 6.12 Employment and economy...... 35 6.13 Health and social care ...... 35 6.14 Crime and safety ...... 36 6.15 Summary of community profile ...... 36
Outline Planning Application, Daresbury Rapid Health Impact Assessment Table of Contents
7 Evidence on the Health Impacts of Housing Developments and Housing Related Regeneration Schemes ...... 38 7.1 Introduction...... 38 7.2 New Housing and Housing Improvements ...... 40 7.3 Land use mix ...... 40 7.4 Access and availability of services ...... 41 7.5 Transport and Connectivity...... 41 7.6 Proximity of employment sites to residential areas ...... 42 7.7 Greenspace ...... 43 7.8 Climate Change ...... 43 7.9 Past HIAs in Halton ...... 44 7.10 Conclusion ...... 47 8 Masterplan Design Health-Proofing Review ...... 48 8.1 Introduction...... 48 8.2 Healthy Urban Planning Principles used to Guide the Health Proofing Review ...... 48 8.3 Vision and objectives...... 54 8.4 Alternative masterplan designs ...... 54 8.5 Healthy lifestyles ...... 55 8.6 Social cohesion...... 56 8.7 Housing quality ...... 56 8.8 Access to employment and educational opportunities...... 56 8.9 Accessibility...... 57 8.10 Low input food production ...... 57 8.11 Safety...... 57 8.12 Equity...... 57 8.13 Air quality and aesthetics...... 58 8.14 Water and sanitation quality...... 58 8.15 Quality of land and mineral resources ...... 58 8.16 Climate stability ...... 58 8.17 Conclusion and recommendations ...... 58 9 Community Consultation Feedback on the Proposed Development and Masterplan ...... 59 9.1 Introduction...... 59 9.2 Community consultation activities ...... 59 9.3 Community comments ...... 60 9.4 Redrow’s response to and incorporation of comments ...... 60 9.5 Conclusion...... 62 10 Health Impacts of the Proposed Development...... 63 10.1 Introduction ...... 63 10.2 Factors influencing the construction phase ...... 63 10.3 Factors influencing the operation phase...... 65 10.4 Health impacts – construction phase ...... 67 10.5 Health impacts – operation phase...... 71 10.6 Health impacts on existing residents ...... 74 10.7 Health impacts on new residents...... 75 10.8 Health impacts on children and young people ...... 75 10.9 Health impacts on women ...... 76 10.10 Health impacts on older people ...... 76 10.11 Health impacts on people with disabilities ...... 76 10.12 Health impacts on minority ethnic groups ...... 76 10.13 Health impacts on low income/unemployed people ...... 77 10.14 Health impacts on existing and new workers in the area ...... 77 10.15 Long term and cumulative impacts ...... 77
Outline Planning Application, Daresbury Rapid Health Impact Assessment Table of Contents
10.16 Equity impacts ...... 77 10.17 Conclusion...... 78 11 Measures to Optimise the Potential Health Outcomes ...... 83 11.1 Introduction ...... 83 11.2 Mitigation measures identified in the Environmental Statement ...... 83 11.3 Additional measures to optimise health outcomes identified by the Health Impact Assessment 92 11.4 Construction phase ...... 94 11.5 Operation phase...... 95 11.6 Health activities allied to the operation phase ...... 96 12 Monitoring and Evaluation of the Potential Health Impacts ...... 98 12.1 Introduction ...... 98 12.1 Monitoring and evaluation...... 99 13 Conclusion...... 101 Appendix A: Health Impact Matrix and Significance Levels and Criteria used to Analyse the Potential Health and Wellbeing Impacts ...... 102
Outline Planning Application, Daresbury Rapid Health Impact Assessment Executive Summary
Executive Summary
ES.1 This Health Impact Assessment (HIA) has been commissioned by Redrow Homes (North West) Limited (Redrow). ES.2 The HIA assessed the potential health and wellbeing impacts of the Daresbury 550 Home Outline Masterplan and Proposed Development (Outline Application).
ES.3 The HIA methodology used was developed from national and international good practice guidance.
ES.4 The HIA has been informed by and builds on the analysis of the Environmental Impact Assessment (air quality, noise, socio-economic, etc.), community responses from the community exhibitions and the discussions and documents used to develop the Masterplan.
ES.5 The Proposed Development is for a mixed-used development comprising: up to 550 residential dwellings; up to 15,000sqm of employment floorspace (Use Classes B1); new local centre (Use Class A1); provision of new infrastructure including a new junction onto A558 Daresbury Expressway; and details of access (matters relating to landscaping, appearance, layout and scale are reserved for later determination).
ES.6 The Proposed Development has overall positive health and wellbeing impacts for existing residents living in and around the Proposed Development, and the new residents who move onto the Proposed Development. ES.7 However, those living in the existing Proposed Development site currently and those living along the indicative route for the construction lorries (inside and outside the development site, particularly older people, children and young people, those with disabilities and those with young children) are potentially likely to be most adversely affected during the construction phase without mitigation measures being in place. ES.8 The mitigation measures identified in this HIA and in the suite of assessments described in the Outline Application Environmental Statement are likely to minimise the potential negative health and wellbeing impacts and maximise the potential positive ones. ES.9 Close partnership working between Redrow, Halton Borough Council and Halton Clinical Commissioning Group, is likely to be key to enhancing the benefits of the development both for the new residents moving onto the proposed development and the existing residents and workers in the area. ES.10 Over the long term if there is no maintenance, investment and renovation then the positive health and wellbeing benefits of the redevelopment will be lost and replaced by potentially significant negative health and wellbeing impacts.
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Outline Planning Application, Daresbury Rapid Health Impact Assessment Introduction
1 Introduction
1.1.1 This Health Impact Assessment has been commissioned by Redrow Homes (North West) Limited (Redrow). 1.1.2 This HIA assessed the potential health and wellbeing impacts of the Daresbury 550 Home Outline Masterplan and Proposed Development (Outline Application).
1.1.3 The specific objectives of the HIA were to: i. Review the Outline Masterplan design and highlight how the Outline Masterplan enhances the health and wellbeing benefits for new residents, existing residents and workers living and working around the proposed development. Where appropriate, identify aspects that could be incorporated to further enhance the health opportunities and benefits in the existing masterplan following planning consent and before construction starts as the masterplan is further refined and tweaked. ii. Identify and prioritise the potential positive and negative health and wellbeing impacts on existing residents living in and around the Proposed Development and the new residents likely to move onto it during the construction and operation phases. iii. Develop, as appropriate, mitigation and enhancement measures to be considered following planning consent to minimise the potential negative and maximise the potential positive health and wellbeing impacts. iv. Identify possible indicators to monitor and evaluate the actual health and wellbeing impacts of the Proposed Development during the construction and operation phases.
1.1.4 The HIA drew on past and current work on developing a sustainable and healthy Outline Masterplan such as the suite of assessments conducted as part of the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and the discussions that took place with the client and masterplan design team as well as with other community and professional stakeholders during the development of the Outline Masterplan and Proposed Development (Outline Application).
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Outline Planning Application, Daresbury Rapid Health Impact Assessment What is Health Impact Assessment?
2 What is Health Impact Assessment?
2.1 Introduction
2.1.1 This chapter outlines what health impact assessment (HIA) is and the Institute’s ethos and approach to HIA.
2.2 Health Impact Assessment
2.2.1 The international Gothenburg consensus definition of HIA is: “A combination of procedures, methods and tools by which a policy, program or project may be judged as to its potential effects on the health of a population, and the distribution of those effects within the population.”1
2.2.2 The more recent International Association for Impact Assessment’s definition of HIA, which updates the earlier Gothenburg Consensus definition, is that HIA is:
“A combination of procedures, methods and tools that systematically judges the potential, sometimes unintended, effects of a policy, plan, programme or project on the health of a population, including the distribution of those effects within the population, and identifies appropriate actions to manage those effects.”2 2.2.3 HIA is a key systematic approach to predicting the magnitude and significance of the possible health and wellbeing impacts, both positive and negative, of new plans and projects. 2.2.4 HIA uses a range of structured and evaluated sources of qualitative and quantitative evidence that includes public and other stakeholders' perceptions and experiences as well as public health, epidemiological, toxicological and medical knowledge. 2.2.5 HIA is particularly concerned with the distribution of effects within a population, as different groups are likely to be affected in different ways, and therefore looks at how health and social inequities/inequalities might be reduced or widened by a proposed plan or project. 2.2.6 The aim of HIA is to support and add value to the decision-making process by providing a systematic analysis of the potential impacts as well as recommending options, where appropriate, for enhancing the positive impacts, mitigating the negative ones and reducing health inequities/inequalities.
2.2.7 HIA uses both a biomedical and social definition of health, recognising that though illness and disease (mortality and morbidity) are useful ways of measuring health they need to be fitted within a broader understanding of health and wellbeing to be properly useful (See Figure 2.1).
Figure 2.1 The determinants of health and wellbeing3
1 WHO European Centre for Health Policy. (1999). Health impact assessment: main concepts and suggested approach. Gothenburg consensus paper. WHO Regional Office for Europe. 2 International Association for Impact Assessment. Health Impact Assessment International Best Practice Principles. Special Publication Series No. 5. Fargo, USA. 2006. 3 Adapted by Salim Vohra and Dean Biddlecombe. (2006). From Dahlgren G and Whitehead, Policies and strategies to promote social equity in health. Institute of Future Studies. Stockholm. 1991.
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Outline Planning Application, Daresbury Rapid Health Impact Assessment What is Health Impact Assessment?
2.2.8 The general methodology used by PhD is based on established good practice guidance on HIA developed by the English Department of Health and the Devolved Countries in the UK and international agencies such as the International Finance Corporation and the International Association for Impact Assessment.4 5 6 7. 8 9 10 2.2.9 This definition builds on and is complementary to the longer established World Health Organization definition that “Health is a state of complete physical, social and mental wellbeing and not simply the absence of disease or infirmity”.11
Figure 2.2 A systems view of different types of projects and their potential health and wellbeing impacts12
4 Health Development Agency. (2002). Introducing health impact assessment (HIA): informing the decision-making process, England. 5 NHS Executive. (2000). Resources for HIA: Volumes 1 & 2. England. 6 Welsh Assembly Government and Health Challenge Wales. (2004). Improving Health and Reducing Inequalities: a practical guide to health impact assessment. 7 Public Health Institute of Scotland. (2001). HIA: a guide for local authorities; Scottish HIA network; 2001. 8 Institute of Public Health in Ireland. (2009). 9 International Finance Corporation. (2010). Introduction to Health Impact Assessment. 10 International Association for Impact Assessment. Health Impact Assessment International Best Practice Principles. Special Publication Series No. 5. Fargo, USA. 2006. 11 World Health Organization. (1948). Preamble to the Constitution of the World Health Organization as adopted by the International Health Conference. New York, 19-22 June 1946, and entered into force on 7 April 1948. 12 Adapted by Salim Vohra. (2005). From Hirschfield et al; Health impact assessment: measuring the effect of public policy on variation in health. University of Liverpool. 2001.
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Outline Planning Application, Daresbury Rapid Health Impact Assessment What is Health Impact Assessment?
Policies, plans and programmes
Crime and Education, Housing projects community safety training and projects skills projects
Social inclusion Transport Community anti-poverty projects development projects
Land Social cohesion Integrated reclamation projects services projects projects
Modify and Empower Alter lifestyles Reduce stress, Enhance improve the individuals and and enhance anxiety and fear employment physical communities coping skills prospects environment
Enhance trust re- Improve access to connect agencies services and with local people amenities
Children and People with Older people young people disabilities
Women and Ethnic families minority groups
Wider community
Health and wellbeing impacts
2.2.10 This definition builds on and is complementary to the longer established World Health Organization definition that “Health is a state of complete physical, social and mental wellbeing and not simply the absence of disease or infirmity”.13
13 World Health Organization. (1948). Preamble to the Constitution of the World Health Organization as adopted by the International Health Conference. New York, 19-22 June 1946, and entered into force on 7 April 1948.
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Outline Planning Application, Daresbury Rapid Health Impact Assessment What is Health Impact Assessment?
2.3 A holistic approach to health impacts
2.3.1 This HIA takes a holistic or ‘systems view’ of potential health impacts and Figure 2.2 shows how this HIA conceptualises the general links between different types of proposals and health and wellbeing impacts.
2.4 General steps in HIA
Screening
2.4.1 This stage assesses the value of carrying out a HIA by examining the importance of a plan or project and the significance of any already identified potential health impacts. Scoping
2.4.2 This stage sets the ‘terms of reference’ for the HIA i.e. the aspects to be considered, geographical scope, population groups that might need particular focus, what will be excluded from the HIA, how the HIA process will be managed and so on.
Baseline assessment and community profile
2.4.3 This stage uses routine national and local datasets e.g. national census, local surveys, area profiles, and other demographic, social, economic, environmental and health information to develop a community profile with a strong focus on health and wellbeing issues, and the identification of vulnerable groups, as a baseline from which to assess the potential positive and negative health and wellbeing impacts and any health inequity/inequalities.
Stakeholder consultation and involvement14
2.4.4 This stage applies to intermediate and comprehensive HIAs where no previous consultation on a development has taken place. It uses workshops, questionnaires, interviews, surveys and other methods of consultation and involvement to engage key stakeholders, in particular local people, in the identification and analysis of the potential health and wellbeing impacts, in the development of mitigation and enhancement measures; and in developing options for monitoring and evaluating the identified impacts. Evidence and analysis
2.4.5 This stage involves the collation of key evidence and the systematic analysis of the potential impacts, their significance, the groups likely to be most affected and the strength of the evidence for these impacts through the use of tables, matrices and qualitative and quantitative models. Mitigation and enhancement measures
2.4.6 This stage involves the identification of a range of measures to minimise the potential negative health effects and maximise the positive health benefits identified in the previous stages.
14 Rapid HIAs are rapid desktop analyses that take days or weeks to carry out usually based on the outcome of a stakeholder workshop. Intermediate In-depth HIAs are detailed desktop analyses with some focussed stakeholder consultation or feedback, e.g. stakeholder workshops and interviews that take weeks and months to carry out. Comprehensive In-depth HIAs are detailed desktop and survey fieldwork based analyses involving representative consultation of stakeholders through surveys, workshops and interviews that take a year or more to carry out.
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Outline Planning Application, Daresbury Rapid Health Impact Assessment What is Health Impact Assessment?
Health impact report or statement
2.4.7 This stage produces the final HIA report or health statement. 2.4.8 It involves summarising the key conclusions, options and recommendations emerging from the assessment including identifying, where appropriate, monitoring indicators to ensure that health and wellbeing are protected and enhanced during the whole lifecycle of a project or plan. Follow up
2.4.9 This stage involves the active follow up of the project or plan to monitor the actual health impacts, ensure that mitigation and enhancement measures have been put in place and evaluate the effectiveness of the measures after a project or plan is approved.
2.4.10 It can also involve: a) the development of a detailed Health Management Plan or Health Action Plan; b) presentation of the findings to key professional stakeholders; c) the development and implementation of a health impact or health risk communication plan to ensure that local communities fully understand key health issues, the current scientific evidence, the findings of the HIA and how and why it was carried out; and d) the evaluation of the effectiveness and value of the HIA and HIA process itself.
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Outline Planning Application, Daresbury Rapid Health Impact Assessment Methodology and Scope of this HIA
3 Methodology and Scope of this HIA
3.1 Introduction
3.1.1 The following sections describe the scope of this HIA and specific methodology that was be used in this HIA i.e. the study area and study population; information and data sources that were consulted; assessment criteria and assessment framework.
3.1.2 This was a rapid HIA and the assessment approach was qualitative except where informed by quantitative findings from the Environmental Impact Assessment. The HIA has been informed by and builds on the analysis of the EIA (air quality, noise, socio-economic, etc.), community responses from the wider community consultation programme and the discussions used to develop the Outline Masterplan.
3.1.3 The HIA was undertaken in June 2014. 3.1.4 There were four objectives, and consequent tasks, within this HIA: i. Review the Outline Masterplan design and highlight how the Outline Masterplan enhances the health and wellbeing benefits for new residents, existing residents and workers living and working around the Proposed Development. Where appropriate, identify aspects that could be incorporated to further enhance the health opportunities and benefits in the existing masterplan following planning consent and before construction starts as the masterplan is further refined and tweaked. ii. Identify and prioritise the potential positive and negative health and wellbeing impacts on existing residents living around the Proposed Development and the new residents likely to move onto it during the construction and operation phases. iii. Develop, as appropriate, mitigation and enhancement measures to be considered following planning consent to minimise the potential negative and maximise the potential positive health and wellbeing impacts. iv. Identify possible indicators to monitor and evaluate the actual health and wellbeing impacts of the Proposed Development during the construction and operation phases.
3.2 Screening
3.2.1 HIA is a planning application requirement of Halton Borough Council for this type and size of development.
3.3 Scoping
Study area
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Outline Planning Application, Daresbury Rapid Health Impact Assessment Methodology and Scope of this HIA
3.3.1 The geographic scope of this HIA was Daresbury ward (the development site is situated near the centre of the ward). Study population
3.3.2 The population scope of this HIA was: 3.3.2.1 Existing residents living in Daresbury ward (Existing Residents).
3.3.2.2 New residents who are likely to move into the area when the proposed development is built (New Residents). 3.3.2.3 Workers living elsewhere that come to work in businesses in and around the proposed development site (Workers).
3.3.2.4 People using amenities in and around the proposed development site (Users of Amenities).
3.3.3 The key population sub-groups that the HIA focused on were: older people; people with disabilities; women; children and young people; people from minority ethnic backgrounds and those on low incomes/or are unemployed. Determinants of health considered
3.3.4 The full list of health outcomes and determinants that were considered and are generally considered in HIA are listed below:
HEALTH OUTCOMES/EFFECTS infectious diseases non-infectious/chronic diseases (including the effects from air, water, soil and noise pollution) nutritional disorders (including obesity) physical injury (including poisoning) mental health and wellbeing (including nuisance and annoyance effects)
DETERMINANTS employment and economy housing and shelter transport and connectivity learning and education
crime and safety health and social care and public services shops and retail amenities (commercial goods and services) social capital and community cohesion (including severance)
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Outline Planning Application, Daresbury Rapid Health Impact Assessment Methodology and Scope of this HIA
spirituality, faith and traditions arts and cultural activities
leisure and recreation lifestyle and daily routines (including physical activity) governance and public policy energy and waste land and spatial
3.4 Baseline and community profile
3.4.1 The profile builds on the baseline work developed in the suite of assessments conducted as part of the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and therefore does not duplicate that work but summarises or refers to it as appropriate. The community health profile summarises information on the following where data is available:
Attributes of the population: size, age, ethnicity and religion, gender, family structure, employment and economy, education. Health: health and wellbeing status, health and social care provision. Quality of life: deprivation, social capital and community cohesion, crime and safety. 3.4.2 The baseline and community profile used ward level data and where appropriate other higher or lower level geographic datasets, e.g. super output area.
3.4.3 The key data sources reviewed were the following: ONS Neighbourhood Statistics Department of Health area health profiles Association of Public Health Observatories Halton Borough Council
3.5 Consultation and involvement
3.5.1 There was a community consultation and exhibition programme undertaken in June 2014 to gather feedback from local people on their views about the positives and negatives of the proposed development and Masterplan design. The findings as they relate to community health and wellbeing are discussed in Chapter 9.
3.6 Evidence and analysis
3.6.1 This HIA used existing literature/evidence reviews of the health impacts of housing and the regeneration potential of housing led regeneration schemes.
3.6.2 The analysis was qualitative using the health impact table/matrix and criteria shown in Appendix A.
3.6.3 The potential health and wellbeing impacts were compared to a ‘Do Nothing’ option for the construction and operation phases. 3.6.4 For each potential health and wellbeing impact ten key issues were considered:
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Outline Planning Application, Daresbury Rapid Health Impact Assessment Methodology and Scope of this HIA
Which population groups are affected and in what way? Is the impact (and associated health outcomes/effects) beneficial, neutral or adverse? Is it permanent or temporary? Is the it reversible or irreversible? Does it increase or decrease with time? Does it occur over the short, medium or long term? Does it occur at a local, regional, national or global level? Are the impacts direct, indirect and or cumulative? Are public health or environmental health standards breached? Are mitigating measures available and is it reasonable to require these?
3.7 Recommendations
3.7.1 Measures to optimise health outcomes - mitigation and enhancement measures - were identified where appropriate.
3.8 Follow up
3.8.1 Possible health indicators that can be used for monitoring the health impacts of the proposed development during the construction and operation phases were identified.
3.9 Reporting
3.9.1 The HIA is one of the suite of assessments conducted as part of the Environmental Statement.
3.10 Limitations of this HIA
3.10.1 The main limitations of this HIA were:
the use of ward level data as being representative of the existing residents living in and around the Proposed Development;
the difficulty in considering the positive and negative impacts on new residents moving into the Proposed Development given that we do not know anything about their health, demographic, socio-economic, or cultural characteristics; and
lack of some detail the equipment, activities and processes that will be undertaken during the construction phase. 3.10.2 These limitations have not affected the overall and general accuracy the findings of the HIA but have made it more difficult to be precise about the types and levels of impact and the specific population groups that are likely to be affected.
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Outline Planning Application, Daresbury Rapid Health Impact Assessment Background Context of the Outline Masterplan and Proposed Development
4 Background Context of the Outline Masterplan and Proposed Development
4.1 Introduction
4.1.1 This chapter provides summary background details of the Outline Application Masterplan and Proposed Development. 4.1.2 Figures 4.1-4.2 show an aerial view and masterplan design view of the Outline Application Masterplan and Proposed Development.
4.2 Background context to the proposed development15
4.2.1 The Proposed Development site is approximately 37 hectares and comprises farmland to the south of the A558 in Daresbury. The West Coast Main Line is to the immediate west of the site with the Bridgewater Canal forming the eastern boundary. The Chester-Manchester railway line and Delph Lane dissect the site. There are a number of existing residential properties along Delph Lane and north of the Chester-Manchester railway line, including Poplar Farm; these are retained. 4.2.2 To the east of the Proposed Development and the Bridgewater canal is SciTech Daresbury , which includes the Daresbury Laboratories.
4.2.3 To the west of the Proposed Development is greenfield land allocated for the consented Sandymoor residential development. 4.2.4 The Proposed Development is accessed from Daresbury Expressway (A558) . New junction improvements will be undertaken to the A558 as part of the proposed main road access. 4.2.5 The nearest railway station is Runcorn East, approximately 2km south west of the Proposed Development. A regular 30 minute service is provided to Warrington Bank Quay, Manchester Piccadilly and Chester.
4.2.6 Halton Borough Council’s (Halton BC) adopted Local Development Framework (LDF) Core Strategy identifies the Proposed Development site and the surrounding area between the A56, the A558 and the western spur of the Bridgewater Canal, as a Key Area of Change to create a new community for Halton. Within the Key Area of Change, the Daresbury area is allocated as a Strategic Site that is expected to deliver: 72 hectares of expansion for B1 science, high tech and research development at SciTech Daresbury;
96 hectares of land for the expansion of office and knowledge based facilities at Daresbury Park;
Phased delivery of 1,400 dwellings brought forward in 3 phases; and
A mixed use neighbourhood centre including a marina.
15 TEP. (2015). Daresbury Outline Application Environmental Statement.
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Outline Planning Application, Daresbury Rapid Health Impact Assessment Background Context of the Outline Masterplan and Proposed Development
4.2.7 In determining the detail of the Proposed Development, Redrow has engaged with a number of key stakeholders such as Halton BC officers, Daresbury Parish Council, local residents and local councillors during the development of design proposals for the Site. Details of this consultation process, including the methods used and findings are represented in the ‘Statement of Community Involvement’, which accompanies the Planning Application. 4.2.8 The Proposed Development is within an area allocated by Halton BC’s Core Strategy which identifies East Runcorn as providing an opportunity to create a new community for Halton.
4.2.9 The Proposed Development forms part of the Daresbury Strategic Site, a significant sub-area of the East Runcorn Key Area of Change. 4.2.10 The Strategic Site was initially subject to consideration locally as part of Halton BC’s Unitary Development Plan (UDP) (adopted 2005), which included policies relating to ‘Regional Investment Sites’ in response to the North West Regional Economic Strategy (RES) (2005) which designated 25 such sites across the region. The NW RES was subject to sustainability appraisal, alongside the emerging Regional Spatial Strategy (RSS) (2005).
4.2.11 Following this, Halton BC included Daresbury Strategic Site in its own spatial options work for its Core Strategy (Issues and Options paper 2006) and following significant consultation and a further sustainability appraisal of the options, concluded that the Site would be taken forward into the Core Strategy. 4.2.12 Policy CS11 of the adopted Core Strategy (April 2013), which was also subject to sustainability appraisal, makes specific reference to the proposed development as part of the area required to help deliver up to 1400 dwellings. 4.2.13 This demonstrated that there has been consideration of alternative locations for development and alternative uses for this site in the process leading to its allocation. The reasons why the Site has been allocated are set out in preamble to the relevant policy in the Core Strategy.
4.3 Vision for the proposed development16
4.3.1 The Vision The vision is to create a responsive, vibrant new sustainable development which will provide a range of high quality aspirational family homes and an area of employment for Daresbury and the wider Runcorn area. 4.3.2 The following are the key aspirations of the scheme:
16 Redrow. (2014). Design and Access Statement for the Outline Masterplan
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Outline Planning Application, Daresbury Rapid Health Impact Assessment Background Context of the Outline Masterplan and Proposed Development
Deliver residential and commercial development on 36.5 hectares of land with first phase delivering approximately 295 dwellings with up to 550 dwellings in total across the whole site; Deliver commercial/office/research development fronting the Bridgewater Canal and complimenting Daresbury Science and Innovation Campus;
Deliver a network of open spaces for nature conservation and recreation fronting the Canal and serving the residential and employment area;
Promote of walking and cycle routes and expansion of greenway network to enable people to access home and places of work, learning and leisure; and
Create a local centre with community facilities.
4.4 Description of the proposed development17
4.4.1 A mixed use development on land south of the A558 Expressway in Daresbury and includes the following:
4.4.1.1 Two areas of residential development comprising up to 550 houses on approximately 28 hectares of land;
4.4.1.2 A network of open spaces for nature conservation, recreation and surface water management including public open spaces to serve the residential areas; 4.4.1.3 Walking and cycling routes and expansion of the greenway network;
4.4.1.4 A local centre up to 3,000 sqm of Use Classes A1, A2, A3, A4, A5 and D1; 4.4.1.5 Commercial/office/research development up to 15,000 sqm alongside the Bridgewater Canal;
4.4.1.6 New junction improvements to the A558 as part of the main road access; 4.4.1.7 Downgrading and realignment of Keckwick Lane to pedestrian and cycle access only and downgrading of existing railway underbridge on Keckwick Lane to bus/emergency/pedestrians/cycle route, controlled by signalling; and 4.4.1.8 Closure of Delph Lane south of the Chester-Manchester rail line.
4.4.2 It is understood that a new crossing over the Bridgewater Canal would be provided as an extension of the Sci-Tech site however consent is not being sought for this crossing as part of this application. It is understood that when this crossing is delivered by third parties the access will take the form of a new road-bridge capable of carrying two lanes of vehicular traffic and will link the Northern Employment Land to the existing highway network via a new spur off the nearby roundabout situated within the Sci-Tech Daresbury campus. 4.4.3 Outline planning consent is being sought for the mixed use development of up to 550 dwellings and 15,000sqm of B1 employment use on land directly south of the A558, between the West Coast Main Line and the Bridgewater Canal. Proposals also include a network of pedestrian and cycle greenway routes and a local centre of Use Classes A1, A2, A3, A4, A5 and D1. The proposed local centre will be up to 3,000sqm, however none of the individual units within it will exceed
17 Redrow. (2014). Design and Access Statement for the Outline Masterplan
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Outline Planning Application, Daresbury Rapid Health Impact Assessment Background Context of the Outline Masterplan and Proposed Development
280sqm. Consent is also being sought for a new access from the A558 serving the Proposed Development.
Dwellings 4.4.4 The proposed residential development would comprise two distinct parcels of land:
4.4.4.1 Delph Lane North to the north of the Chester-Manchester railway line will provide 295 units. The Applicant has sought consent for development of Delph Lane North as part of a separate application (ref 14/00539/FULEIA). 4.4.4.2 Delph Lane Central to the south of the Chester-Manchester railway line will provide up to 255 units. 4.4.5 Delph Lane North would be developed first, following the construction of a new junction off the A558. The ‘build out rate’ is estimated at 50 houses per year; at this rate, Delph Lane North would be completed by 2022. Table 4.1 shows the likely mix of housing types and numbers.
4.4.6 Based upon the floor areas shown in Table 4.1, an average floor area per house has been calculated as 119m2; 550 units would therefore deliver 65,450m2 of residential floor space.
4.4.7 Residential units proposed in Delph Lane North would be a mixture of 2, 3 and 4 bedroom, two storey houses. 4.4.8 Residential units at Delph Lane Central will be a mixture of housing types, likely to consist of 2, 3 and 4 bedroom properties. The properties will largely be two storeys in height, although there may be scope to develop some three storey units.
Table 4.1 Proposed housing types and numbers
House Type No. of Bedrooms Floor Space (sqm) Broadway-Evesham 2/3 72.5 Letchworth 3 89.46
Warwick 3 98.44 Stratford 4 108.99 Worcester 3 115.69
Oxford 4 120.81 Cambridge 4 128.41 Canterbury 4 130.81 Welwyn 4 142.44 Sunningdale 4 150.66 Henley 4 164.34
4.4.9 Based upon the floor areas shown in Table 4.1, an average floor area per house has been calculated as 119m2; 550 units would therefore deliver 65,450m2 of residential floor space. 4.4.10 Residential units proposed in Delph Lane North would be a mixture of 2, 3 and 4 bedroom, two storey houses.
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4.4.11 Residential units at Delph Lane Central will be a mixture of housing types, likely to consist of 2, 3 and 4 bedroom properties. The properties will largely be two storeys in height, although there may be scope to develop some three storey units. Employment Land 4.4.12 The proposed employment land would provide approximately 15,000sqm of B118 employment use providing office and research opportunities This employment land would be delivered in one of two parcels of land, as shown on Indicative Masterplan Drawing Figure 2.1. 4.4.12.1 “Northern employment land” west of the Bridgewater Canal adjacent to the existing SciTech Daresbury; and
4.4.12.2 “Southern employment land” north east of the residential development, between the Chester-Manchester railway line and the Bridgewater Canal 4.4.13 The construction of the commercial development could begin in 2018 (see indicative phasing shown in Section 4.5). Its 15,000sqm Gross Floor Area (GFA) corresponds to the calculated limit which could be accommodated from the A558 junction. Development would be progressed by third parties, and the size, number and layout of commercial building is, as yet, uncertain as it relies on the type of organisations which come forward. 4.4.14 For the purposes of this assessment, it is assumed that the proposed employment offices would be up to a maximum of two storeys in height and would be of brick construction, similar in size and appearance to surrounding offices. 4.4.15 Access to the proposed employment area would be created as follows:
4.4.15.1 Northern employment land - access will be through a new bridge into Sci-Tech. 4.4.15.2 Southern employment land - access from the spine road.
Access 4.4.16 The Proposed Development would be served by a new spine road, connecting the development to the A558 in the north. The spine road would be of an ‘avenue’ style, as used in the nearby Sandymoor development, which would be a tree lined spine road providing an attractive gateway into the development.
A558 Junction 4.4.17 This application includes a proposal for a new junction onto the A558. Redrow understand that Halton BC have future aspirations to dual the A558 and the junction has been designed with this in mind.
4.4.18 Development of the new junction at the A558 would be one of the first activities on site (2015 – 2016), in advance of the main housing development taking place in Delph Lane North and would form the construction route into the Proposed Development site. 4.4.19 A temporary access would be required from the A558 down onto Keckwick Lane to allow the delivery of excavation plant/cranes. This would require the existing accommodation bridge
18 B1 Business - Offices (other than those that fall within A2 Financial and professional services), research and development of products and processes, light industry appropriate in a residential area.
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serving New Farm to be widened to accommodate the additional lanes along the A558 in the proximity of the proposed junction.
4.4.20 The temporary access would be formed in the area which is due to be permanently widened, as part of the proposed new junction for the spine road, (west of the railway bridge) in order to limit the environmental impact and reduce disruption to road users.
4.4.21 Access to the proposed development is from the A558. Access from the A56 is not required for the delivery of the Outline Planning Application, Daresbury. A separate application (ref 13/00206/OUT/EIA) has been submitted for development south of the Bridgewater canal with access from the A56. This Proposed Development has been considered as part of the cumulative assessment in the Outline Application Environmental Statement and this HIA.
Internal Access Roads 4.4.22 In combination with the main spine road through the Proposed Development, a hierarchy of routes through the development site has been established. The principles of which are outlined below: 4.4.22.1 Spine Road – A tree lined boulevard providing the main access through the site, providing a traffic managed bus route to accommodate speeds of up to 30 mph. The proposed spine road would consist of a 6.75m wide carriageway with 2m verges plus a 2m footway on one side and a 3m foot and cycle path on the other.
4.4.22.2 Access Streets – Act as a transition between the spine road and community residential street. Designed to encourage speeds lower than 20 mph. 4.4.22.3 Residential Streets – Pedestrian friendly community residential streets, heavily traffic-calmed and designed to ‘Home Zone’ principles (i.e. “living streets” – designed to meet the needs of pedestrians, cyclists, children and residents and where speeds and dominance of the car is reduced).
Downgrading of Local Highway Network 4.4.23 In addition to the new highway works, changes are proposed to the existing highway network within the Proposed Development site. 4.4.24 Keckwick Lane would be down-graded at the West Coast Main Line underbridge, restricting vehicular traffic to provide a bus/pedestrian/cyclist/ emergency services route only. This would prevent Keckwick Lane becoming a short cut for existing residents at Sandymoor. This would be undertaken by way of a Traffic Restriction Order (TRO) and controlled by signing.
4.4.25 Changes are also proposed along Delph Lane, which would become a shared surface route, from Keckwick Lane down to Moonhaven (an existing property on Delph Lane). This would provide access to approximately 35 new houses and 7 existing properties along Delph Lane. 4.4.26 The remaining 100m section of Delph Lane from Moonhaven southwards would form a main access road for the section of properties between the West Coast Main Line and Poplar Farm, where it would join the new spine road. The shared surface route would follow the principles
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outlined above for access and residential streets, reducing speeds and the dominance of cars and would be implemented once the first phase of the spine road is complete.
4.4.27 South of the Chester-Manchester rail line, Delph Lane would be closed off to traffic between the railway bridge and the Bridgwater Canal to provide a recreational footpath and cycle route.
Green Infrastructure 4.4.28 The Proposed Development also incorporates areas of public open space, green buffers separating housing from employment and new green networks including a comprehensive footpath and cycle network. 4.4.29 The proposed Landscape Strategy is summarised here; further details are provided in Environmental Statement Supporting Document SD7 and illustrated in SD7.1 Indicative Landscape Masterplan. 4.4.30 The landscape proposals are divided into a series of landscape zones that form a green framework:
Gateways;
Accessibility;
Green Space Network;
Open Space for Wildlife; and
Landscape Structure.
Gateways 4.4.31 Gateways form the main entrances into the development and provide important access and links to the surrounding area. Gateways should be used to improve first impressions of the site by enhancing entrances, signage and infrastructure. They comprise main gateways and pedestrian gateways.
Accessibility 4.4.32 A continuous 3m wide foot and cycle path is proposed within the Proposed Development to provide good pedestrian links and connectivity through the site and to Sandymoor. The foot and cycle path runs north-south, running through open space and the proposed residential dwellings. 4.4.33 It is also proposed that ‘Healthy Living’ Routes would be developed within each phase of the proposed development, consisting of circular footpath routes.
4.4.34 The proposals include connection to existing Public Rights of Way and the Cheshire Ring Canal Walk Long Distance Route. New footpaths are also proposed to create access, links and permeability throughout the development and green space network.
4.4.35 Anglers will be given the same access provisions as currently exist to fish on the Bridgewater Canal. Keckwick Lane will be closed as part of the proposals and parking facilities for anglers will be provided in the proposed employment area to ensure access to the canal is maintained. Parking provision for anglers will also be provided at the proposed local centre allowing access to fish on the Bridgewater Canal.
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Green Space Network 4.4.36 A network of incidental green space is incorporated within the Proposed Development in order to create strong links between areas and promote pedestrian movement through the site. These green spaces would provide a variety of characteristics and uses with a mixture of formal and informal spaces for wildlife and recreation.
Open Space for Wildlife 4.4.37 Proposals include naturalistic open space and wildlife areas and these will provides an informal landscape space with wetland areas, open grassland, wildflower meadow and native tree and shrub planting to enhance nature conservation and biodiversity. Landscape Structure 4.4.38 A landscape structure is proposed that would soften the visual effects of the Proposed Development and provide a buffer to the existing housing on Delph Lane, existing railway lines and the proposed employment area. This would be formed by the implementation of new native woodland structure planting, tree planting and hedgerows to create a strong landscape framework.
Sustainable Drainage Systems (SUDs) 4.4.39 Surface water infiltration is likely to be feasible in some areas of the site. Where infiltration is considered not feasible it is proposed that the surface water management strategy mimics the pre-development drainage situation, reducing the burden downstream on Keckwick Brook (proposed outfall). 4.4.40 The existing boundary drainage ditches are proposed to remain post-development and be enhanced to improve biodiversity and capacity. Infiltration is proposed in the north-eastern areas to reduce surface water run-off generated by the proposals. 4.4.41 The existing pond (Poplar Farm Coarse Fishery) would be retained, following removal of the fish stock and re-profiling. This pond feature will be incorporated into the detailed Drainage Management Strategy. Open surface drainage solutions, such as swales are proposed where space allows. At least two treatment stages will be included in the SuDS design to mitigate against the effects of draining roofs and roads (Ciria, 2007)19. Before entering the pond, surface water from roofs and local roads will be discharged into a sediment forebay to enhance water quality prior to outfall into the pond (former fishery).
4.4.42 An outfall from the former fishery pond into the existing drainage ditch running alongside the West Coast Main Line is proposed, which connects into a culverted stretch prior to outfall into Keckwick brook. No changes to the outfall into Keckwick Brook are proposed. 4.4.43 A new detention basin is proposed in the south-western corner of the development site to provide attenuation during the extreme return period storm events for those areas which do not directly discharge to the north-west (Area B and parts of Area A). Design of the detention basin will include a pond complex to provide biodiversity enhancements.
19 CIRIA 697: The SUDS manual (2007).
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4.5 Indicative delivery of the proposed development20
4.5.1 The indicative phasing of the construction programme is as follows:
4.5.1.1 2015-16, A558 Expressway junction improvements.
4.5.1.2 2016-22, Residential dwellings and spine road between the West Coast main Line and the Chester to Manchester Railway Line (295 dwellings).
4.5.1.3 2023-27, Residential dwellings and spine road south of the Chester to Manchester Railway Line (255 dwellings). 4.5.1.4 2018-2025, Commercial development (15,000sqm).
4.5.1.5 2023-25, Local centre (3,000 sqm).
20 Redrow. (2015). Design and Access Statement for the Outline Masterplan
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Figure 4.1 Aerial view of the proposed site for the Outline Masterplan and Proposed Development [Source: TEP 2014]
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Figure 4.2 Outline Masterplan of the Proposed Development [Source: TEP 2014]
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Outline Planning Application, Daresbury Rapid Health Impact Assessment Health Policy Context
5 Health Policy Context
5.1 Introduction
5.1.1 This chapter summarises the key health-related policy context in relation to the Outline Masterplan and Proposed Development of 550 homes.
5.1.2 It does not duplicate the policies aspects already mentioned in:
5.1.2.1 The suite of assessments conducted as part of the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) relating to the proposed development e.g. the Air Quality Assessment which highlights the air quality related policy context a and the Noise Assessment which highlights the noise related policy context.
5.2 National policy
5.2.1 National Planning Policy Framework (2012)21
The Environmental Statement provides more details on the contents of the National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF). Two of the key objectives of the NPPF that are relevant to health and wellbeing in particular are stated below:
Delivering a wide choice of high quality homes, widen opportunities for home ownership and create sustainable, inclusive and mixed communities.
Promoting healthy communities…Planning policies and decisions, in turn, should aim to achieve places which promote:
o opportunities for meetings between members of the community who might not otherwise come into contact with each other, including through mixed-use developments, strong neighbourhood centres and active street frontages which bring together those who work, live and play in the vicinity;
o safe and accessible environments where crime and disorder, and the fear of crime, do not undermine quality of life or community cohesion; and
o safe and accessible developments, containing clear and legible pedestrian routes, and high quality public space, which encourage the active and continual use of public areas.
5.2.2 Laying the Foundations: a housing strategy for England (2011)22 This White Paper sets out the current Government’s vision for housing in England. The following is relevant in relation to this proposed development:
21 https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/6077/2116950.pdf 22 https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/7532/2033676.pdf
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9. Housing is crucial for our social mobility, health and wellbeing – with quality and choice having an impact on social mobility and wellbeing from an early age, and our homes accounting for about half of all household wealth. Social housing should provide support for those who need it, when they need it, and should help vulnerable people to live independently. And opportunities for wealth must be open to all, with housing choices helping rather than hindering people’s ability to build assets and find employment.
5.2.3 Healthy Lives, Healthy People (2010)23
This White Paper sets out how the Government wants a radical shift in the way public health challenges are tackled. The following are relevant in relation to this proposed development:
1.3 We know that a wide range of factors affect people’s health throughout their life and drive inequalities such as early years care, housing and social isolation.
1.16 The quality of the environment around us also affects any community. Pollution, air quality, noise, the availability of green and open spaces, transport, housing, access to good- quality food and social isolation all influence the health and wellbeing of the local population.
3.62 On housing, for example, the Lifetime Homes Standard remains an important part of the Code for Sustainable Homes encouraging development of more homes that are accessible and that meet the needs of an ageing population.
5.3 Local policy
Halton Borough Council
5.3.1 Halton Borough Council Core Strategy (2013) The Environmental Statement provides more details on the contents of the Core Strategy and other relevant Supplementary Planning Documents (SPDs): Design for Residential Development, Designing for Community Safety, Affordable Housing, Open Space. Halton has five strategic themes: A Healthy Halton
Employment Learning and Skills in Halton
A Safer Halton
Children and Young People in Halton
Environment and Regeneration in Halton
23 https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/216096/dh_127424.pdf
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A principal concern for Halton is the health of its residents. The Borough has for many years had some of the poorest health outcomes and shortest life expectancies of any area in England. Life expectancy at birth in Halton (2007-2009) is about 75 years for males and 79 years for females. This is significantly lower than both the North West (77 years for males, 81 for females) and England figures (78 years for male, 82 years for females). Research in 2003 by the University of Lancaster commissioned by the Halton Health Partnership showed that local health issues were not, as then suspected, the result of the Borough’s industrial past and heavily contaminated local environment, but are more strongly related to poor lifestyles and economic deprivation. Halton’s challenges, which are relevant to the Outline Masterplan and Proposed Development, are to: respond to the changing population structure including the Borough’s ageing population;
tackle issues of deprivation and health for the Borough’s residents;
deliver and secure a balanced housing offer which is appropriate to local markets and ultimately supports the Borough’s economic growth;
continue to create an environment where employers want to invest and create jobs;
attract skilled workers into the Borough and increase the proportion of Halton’s working age population with appropriate qualifications;
support the Borough’s economic growth sectors including science and technology, and logistics and distribution;
ensure all development is of a high quality of design and that areas of contaminated land are successfully remediated;
maintain and enhance Halton’s natural and heritage assets including its sites of local, national and international importance, waterside environments and distinctive character;
protect, enhance and, where appropriate, expand the Borough’s green infrastructure network
put in place mitigation and adaptation measures to deal with the threat of climate change;
utilise resources sustainably;
reduce congestion and support travel by sustainable modes;
maintain and enhance the retail and leisure offer of Widnes Town Centre, Halton Lea and Runcorn Old Town; and,
minimise and respond to the potential risk of major accidents, flooding, contamination and pollution.
5.3.2 Halton Health and Wellbeing Strategy 2013-16 (2013), NHS Halton Clinical Commissioning Group Commissioning Intentions for 2014-15 (2013) and Halton Joint Strategic Needs Assessment (JSNA) (2013)
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The five priorities of the strategy are:
Prevention and early detection of cancer
Improved child development
Reduction in the number of falls in adults
Reduction in the harm from alcohol
Prevention and early detection of mental health conditions
5.4 Policy alignment
5.4.1 Overall, the vision and objectives of the Proposed Development is strongly aligned with national and local policies both in relation to developing new housing and building sustainable and healthy communities.
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6 Baseline and Community Profile
6.1 Introduction
6.1.1 This chapter provides a rapid health profile of Halton Borough Council and Daresbury ward. It is from this baseline understanding that the predictions on the potential health and wellbeing impacts of the proposed development and Masterplan have been considered.
6.1.2 Figures are rounded up to the nearest whole number, 10, 100 or 1,000 as appropriate to aid clarity and comprehension of the statistics.
6.1.3 The Daresbury ward is referred to as Daresbury in this section.
6.2 Halton summary health profile24
6.2.1 The health of people in Halton is generally worse than the England average. Deprivation is higher than average and about 6,600 children live in poverty (6,800 in 2013). Life expectancy for both men and women is lower than the England average. 6.2.2 Life expectancy is about 9 years lower for men and 8 years women in the most deprived areas of Halton than in the least deprived areas (down from 11 years for both men and women in 2013). 6.2.3 Over the last 10 years, all cause mortality rates have fallen. The early death rate from heart disease and stroke has fallen but is still is worse than the England average.
6.2.4 The ‘Our Communities’ indicators are mostly red (worse than the England Average).25 26 Deprivation, children in poverty, violent crime and long term unemployment are significantly higher than the England average. However, statutory homelessness is lower and GCSE achievement (5 A* - C including English and Maths) is in line with the England average. This is the same as for 2013.
6.2.5 The ‘Children’s and Young People’s Health’ indicators are also mostly red. Mothers’ smoking in pregnancy, alcohol specific hospital stays (under 18s), teenage pregnancy (under 18s) and percentage of obese children are significantly higher than the England average. In 2013 the proportion of obese children are in line with the England average. 6.2.6 The ‘Adult’s Health and Lifestyle’ indicators are also mostly red. Adults who smoke, adults who are physically active and obese adults are significantly higher than the England average. This is the same as for 2013.
6.2.7 The ‘Disease and Poor Health’ indicators are mostly reds. Hospital stays for self-harm, hospital stays for alcohol related harm, drug misuse and levels of diabetes are significantly higher than the England average. Hip fracture in the over 65s, skin cancer (malignant melanoma) and acute sexually transmitted infections are similar to the England average. New cases of tuberculosis
24 Halton health profile. (2014 and 2013). Association of Public Health Observatories. http://www.apho.org.uk/resource/browse.aspx?RID=50338 25 In this community profile the word ‘significantly’ and ‘not significant’ are used in the epidemiological sense of being a difference that is not due to chance i.e. that this is a real difference. Where there is no statistical significance this means that the indicator is likely to be the same as the England average i.e. no difference. Hence green = better than the England average, Red = worse than the England average and Amber = Likely to be same as the England average. 26 The majority of these indicators are rates per 100,000 population for disease conditions or proportions (percentages)
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are significantly lower than the England average. This is similar to 2013 except that hip fractures in the over 65s was significantly worse than the England average in 2013.
6.2.8 The ‘Life Expectancy and Causes of Death’ indicators are mostly red. Life expectancy in males and females and rates of smoking related deaths, early deaths from heart disease and stroke, and early deaths from cancer are significantly higher than the England average. Excess winter deaths (from the cold temperatures) and infant deaths are in line with the England average. Road injuries and deaths are significantly lower than the England average.
Table 6.1 Key indicators for Daresbury in relation to Halton as a whole, the worst ward in Halton and the England average [Source: Area Forum 7 Briefing, Halton Borough Council]
Green dot shows an indicator that is better than the England average Red dot shows an indicator that is worse than the England average
6.3 Daresbury summary health profile27
6.3.1 Table 6.1 shows that Daresbury does well on all indicators (green) compared to the Halton health profile described in Section 6.2.
6.4 Age structure28
27Halton Borough Council. (2011). Census 2011 Halton key statistics profile and ward summaries. Most of the information is from these two documents except where a separate reference is quoted next to the sub-section heading. Accessed at http://www4.halton.gov.uk/Pages/councildemocracy/CensusandStatistics/CensusInformation.aspx
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6.4.1 The resident population of Daresbury ward is approximately 4,500 compared to just less than 126,000 in Halton.
6.4.2 The mean age in Daresbury is approximately 38 years compared to 39 years in Halton and 39 years in England.
6.4.3 Daresbury has a younger population with proportionately more 45-59 (25%) and 5-15 (21%) year olds compared to the average for Halton (21% and 13%) and England (19% and 13%). 6.4.4 The proportion of residents 60-74 years and 75 years and over is lower at 13% and 4% compared to 15% and 7-8% average for Halton and England.
6.5 Ethnic profile29
6.5.1 Approximately 96% of Daresbury residents are from a White (English/Welsh/Scottish/ Northern Irish/British) background. This compares to 96% of Halton and 80% of England.
6.5.2 A further 1.6% of Daresbury residents are from an Other White background (Irish, Gypsy or Irish Traveller or Other White). This compares to 1.4% of Halton and 6% of England.
6.5.3 Daresbury has a small proportion of minority ethnic residents from Mixed/Multiple Ethnicity residents (White and Black Caribbean, White and Black African, Other Mixed); Asian/Asian British (Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi, Chinese, Other); and Black/African/Caribbean/Black British backgrounds.
6.6 Religion
6.6.1 74% of Daresbury residents are Christian compared to 75% of Halton and 59% of England. 6.6.2 20% of Daresbury residents have no religion. This compares to 19% of Halton and 25% of England.
6.6.3 Daresbury has a small proportion of Hindu, Sikh, Buddhist and Muslim residents (1% in total).
6.7 Family structure
6.7.1 Marital status and household composition provide a good indication of the family structure and the likely personal and social care networks that residents of an area have. 6.7.2 Just under 24% of Daresbury residents, over the age of 16, are single and have never married compared to 35% of Halton and England.
6.7.3 Just under 61% of Daresbury residents are married (including same-sex civil partnerships). This compares to 45% of Halton and 47% of England. 6.7.4 Just over 1.5% of Daresbury residents are separated and 9% are divorced. This compares to just under 2.5% and 10% of Halton being separated and divorced and just over 2.5% and 9% of England.
28 Office for National Statistics. (2015). Daresbury Ward 2011 key statistics. Accessed at https://neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadDatasetList.do?a=7&b=13690065&c=daresbury&d=14&g=6377 854&i=1001x1003x1032&m=0&r=1&s=1423760572516&enc=1&domainId=62 29 Office for National Statistics. (2015). Daresbury Ward 2011 key statistics. Accessed at https://neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadDatasetList.do?a=7&b=13690065&c=daresbury&d=14&g=6377 854&i=1001x1003x1032&m=0&r=1&s=1423760572516&enc=1&domainId=62
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6.7.5 Just under 5% of Daresbury residents are widowed compared to 7% of Halton and England.
6.8 Health and wellbeing status
6.8.1 Only 3.4% of Daresbury residents report their health to be bad or very bad (10% report it as being fair). This compares to 8% of Halton and 5% of England (14% and 13% report it as being fair).
6.8.2 Daresbury residents aged 16-64 years with a little or a lot of limitation (4% and 3%) to day-to-day activities (DDA) is lower than Halton (6% and 6%) and England (5% and 4%). 6.8.3 Unpaid caring is lower than borough and national norms. Just over 7% provide between 1-19 hours of unpaid care a week, 1% between 20-49 hours and 2% over 50 hours. This compares with 6%, 2% and 4% for Halton and 7%, 1% and 2% for England. 6.8.4 Overall, the health of Daresbury residents is significantly better than that for other residents in Halton. Adult indicators30
6.8.5 Life expectancy in Daresbury is 82 years for men and 88 years for women which is significantly higher than the 77 and 80 years for Halton and 79 and 83 years for England. 6.8.6 Daresbury has a lower rate of all cancers (92) but a higher rate of breast cancer (121) [as measured by Standardised Registration Ratios where the England average is 100 reports per 100,000 population, these though are not statistically significant differences from the England average].
6.8.7 Daresbury has a lower rate of premature mortality from all causes (48* and 60* significantly lower for residents at ages under 65 and 75 years), [as measured by Standardised Mortality Ratios where the England average is 100 deaths per 100,000 population, those marked with an asterisks are statistically significant differences]. 6.8.8 Daresbury and Halton have a higher proportion of adults who binge drink (23%) than England (20%).
6.8.9 Daresbury has a higher proportion of adults who eat healthily (29%) than Halton (23%) or England (29%). 6.8.10 Daresbury has a lower proportion of children (10%, reception is lower than Halton but similar to England average, 17% Year 6) and adults (22%) who are obese compared to Halton and England. Halton has a higher proportion than England (11% compared to 9% reception, 22% compared to 19% Year 6 and 26% compared to 24% of adults).
6.8.11 Daresbury has a higher rate of hospital admissions for all causes and heart attacks but much lower rate of admissions for chronic respiratory illness [as measured by Standardised Admissions Ratios, where the England average is 100 admissions per 100,000 population; those marked with an asterisks are statistically significant differences] for:
All causes 107* (significantly higher) Myocardial Infarction (MI, heart attacks) 122
30 Public Health England. (2013). Daresbury ward profile. Accessed at www.localhealth.org.uk
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Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) 119 Stroke 84
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) 46* (significantly lower) Halton has much higher rates (148 all causes, 156 COPD, 166 CHD, 146 MI and 108 Stroke. Child indicators31 32
6.8.12 Daresbury has a lower proportion of low birth weight babies (7%) than Halton (8%) and England (7%).
6.8.13 Daresbury has a lower proportion of children (10%, reception is lower than Halton but similar to England average, 17% Year 6) and adults (22%) who are obese compared to Halton and England. Halton has a higher proportion than England (11% compared to 9% reception, 22% compared to 19% Year 6 and 26% compared to 24% of adults).
31 Public Health England. (2013). Daresbury ward profile. Accessed at www.localhealth.org.uk 32 Public Health England. (2014). Halton child health profile. Accessed at www.chimat.org.uk
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Figure 6.1 Deprivation in Halton by Lower Super Output Area relative to Halton as a whole [Source: Index of Multiple Deprivation IMD 2010 Briefing, Halton Borough Council] LSOAs shaded red (darkest) are the most deprived
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Figure 6.2 Deprivation in Halton by Ward and Deprivation Domain [Source: Index of Multiple Deprivation IMD 2010 Briefing, Halton Borough Council]
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6.8.14 The health and wellbeing of children in Halton is generally worse than the England average. 6.8.15 Infant and child mortality rates are similar to the England average.
6.8.16 The level of child poverty is worse than the England average with 26.7% of children aged under 16 years living in poverty. The rate of family homelessness is better than the England average.
6.9 Deprivation, social capital and community cohesion33
6.9.1 Deprivation refers to problems caused by a general lack of resources and opportunities and not just a lack of money. It is a wider concept than poverty and includes health status, level of education, access to services, living conditions and the state of the local environment. 6.9.2 Super Output Areas were designed to improve the reporting of small area statistics and are built up from groups of Output Areas. Lower Layer Super Output Areas (LSOAs) are generally the smallest scale that routine statistics go down to. They are geographical areas that have between 1,000-3,000 people and between 400-1,200 households. 6.9.3 Halton is ranked 27th most deprived out of 326 local authorities in England. This ranking has worsened slightly since 2007. 6.9.4 Daresbury ward is one of the least deprived parts of Halton both in relation to England and Halton. Its ranking has not changed between 2007 and 2010. 6.9.5 Figure 6.1 and Figure 6.2 show that while Daresbury is not deprived it is adjacent to one of the most deprived wards in Halton, Halton Castle. Also, compared to the other deprivation domains (crime, education, skills and training; employment, health, deprivation and disability; income and living environment), it does have relatively high levels of deprivation for barriers to housing and services.
6.10 Housing34
6.10.1 Daresbury ward has approximately 1,750 dwellings compared to just over 53,000 in Halton as a whole.
6.10.2 Just under 70% of homes in Daresbury ward are detached with 13% semi-detached, 10% are terraced and 3% are some form of flat or apartment. This compares to Halton and England with 20% and 22% detached, 33% and 31% semi-detached, 36% and 25% terraced, and 11% and 22% some form of flat or apartment. 6.10.3 Just over 31% of homes in Daresbury are owned outright, 61% owned with a mortgage or loan, 0.1% shared ownership, 2% socially rented and 5% privately rented. This compares to Halton and England with 27% and 30% owned outright, 36% and 33% owned with a mortgage or loan, 0.6% and 0.8% shared ownership, 25% and 18% socially rented and 10% and 17% privately rented.
6.10.4 Overcrowding in Daresbury is low at about 1%. Lack of central heating is also low at 1%.
6.10.5 The average household size is 2.6 which is slightly higher than Halton and England at 2.3 and 2.4.
33 Halton Borough Council. (2010). Halton index of multiple deprivation (IMD) 2010. Available at http://www3.halton.gov.uk/Pages/councildemocracy/CensusandStatistics/Deprivation.aspx 34 Public Health England. (2013). Daresbury ward profile. Accessed at www.localhealth.org.uk
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6.10.6 Although Halton enjoys low property prices compared to regional and national averages, housing is becoming unaffordable for an increasing number of people due to house price inflation and the Borough’s low wage economy.35 Although the population has been stable in recent years, the trend toward smaller households has led to an increase in housing demand. Overall need for new dwellings is estimated to be 600 per annum. 6.10.7 Demand for social rented housing has increased in recent years but the number of social rented dwellings becoming available for letting has declined, resulting in an estimated need for 176 new ‘affordable’ dwellings per annum.
6.10.8 The private rented sector has expanded in recent years but cannot fully meet the needs of households who are unable to either buy or access social rented housing. Halton’s status as a Housing Growth Point with St Helens and Warrington offers the opportunity to tackle issues of affordability and access to the housing market, but this has been frustrated by the economic downturn.
6.10.9 The private sector housing stock is in generally good condition although there are concentrations of older terraced housing with the potential to fall into decline without investment by the owners, and conditions in privately rented property are generally poorer.
6.10.10 The current average house price in Halton are approximately £99,000 (Detached £175,000, Semi- detached £97,000, terraced £60,000 and flats £68,000.36 House prices have been stable or declined slightly over the last year 2014.
6.11 Education
6.11.1 The Outline Application Environmental Statement Socio-Economic Chapter Report provides details of the nurseries and schools in the area and their locations, capacities and overall levels of attainment. 6.11.2 Over 37% of Daresbury residents have a degree or above level qualification (Level 4 or above) and only 13% have no qualifications. This compares to Halton with 18% and 27% and England with 27% and 23%.37 6.11.3 Just under 81% and 74% of Daresbury children have achieved a good level of development and GCSE achievement (5A*-C including English and Maths) compared to Halton (55% and 60%) and England (64% and 59%). 6.11.4 Daresbury Primary School has just over 100 pupils of which:38
6% have a Special Educational Needs Statement or are on School Action Plus
0% do not have English as a first language
35 Halton Borough Council. (2013-14). Housing. Joint Strategic Needs Assessment. 36 Land Registry. (2014). Halton average house prices for April 2014. UK Government Department of Business, Innovation and Skills. 37 Office for National Statistics. (2015). Daresbury Ward 2011 key statistics. Accessed at https://neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadDatasetList.do?a=7&b=13690065&c=daresbury&d=14&g=6377 854&i=1001x1003x1032&m=0&r=1&s=1423760572516&enc=1&domainId=62 38 Department for Education, England. (2014). School and college performance tables. Available at http://www.education.gov.uk/cgi-bin/schools/performance/school.pl?urn=110994 (Main search page http://www.education.gov.uk/schools/performance/)
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5% are eligible for free school meals (7% at some time in the last 6 years)
79% achieved Level 4 or above in reading, writing and maths which is the same as for Halton and England (2% improvement from 2013 but a decline from 2012 when Level 4 achievement was 100%).
6.12 Employment and economy39
6.12.1 The Socio-Economic Chapter of the Outline Masterplan Environmental Statement provides details of employment and economy in Halton. The following focuses on Daresbury ward and some key findings of the Socio-Economic Chapter.
6.12.2 Daresbury ward has low levels of unemployment for residents aged 16-74 years (3%) with 0.7% long term unemployed and 0.2% never worked. This compares to Halton and England with 6% and 4% unemployed, 2% and 1.7% long term unemployed and 0.9% and 0.7% never worked.
6.12.3 The main occupations that Daresbury residents are employed in are: Professional (22%), Managers, Directors and Senior Officials (17%), Associate Professional and Technical (15%), Administrative and Secretarial (13%), Skills Trade (8%) and Sales and Customer Services. 6.12.4 In contrast the main occupations in Halton overall are: Elementary (14%), Sales and Customer Service (12%), Professional (12%), Administrative and Secretarial (12%) and Associate Professional and Technical (11%).
6.12.5 The main employment sectors that Daresbury residents are employed in are: Wholesale and Retail Trade (15%), Manufacturing (12%), Education (10%), Human Health and Social Work Activities (10%) and Public Administration and Defence (9%).
6.12.6 In contrast Halton’s main employment sectors overall are: Wholesale and Retail Trade (19%), Manufacturing (13%), Human Health and Social Work Activities (12%), Education (8%) and Construction (7%).
6.12.7 As reported in the Socio-Economic Chapter of the Outline Application Environmental Statement, Halton has high rate of unemployment, particularly youth unemployment, and a substantially lower proportion of residents in professional occupations than key neighbouring districts and the region as a whole.
6.13 Health and social care
6.13.1 The Socio-Economic Chapter of the Outline Planning Application Environmental Statement provides details of the health facilities (health centres and hospitals) in the area and their locations and capacities. Paragraphs 6.13.2 and 6.13.3 are a summary.
6.13.2 There are currently three GP surgeries within a 3km radius of the site, Windmill Hill, Murdishaw and Castlefields Health Centres. The latest full time equivalent GP data and total patient list sizes for individual surgeries from September 2013 indicates that taken together, the surgeries had an average patient list size of 1,641 per Full Time Equivalent (FTE) GP. This is below the
39 Office for National Statistics. (2015). Daresbury Ward 2011 key statistics. Accessed at https://neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadDatasetList.do?a=7&b=13690065&c=daresbury&d=14&g=6377 854&i=1001x1003x1032&m=0&r=1&s=1423760572516&enc=1&domainId=62
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national average and the ratio of 1,800 patients per GP recommended by the Royal College of General Practitioners. The closest surgery to the site, Murdishaw Health Centre at a distance of 1.6km, had an average of 1,788 patients per GP. 6.13.3 Halton General Hospital is located 7.7km driving distance away from the proposed development site. A range of care for medical and surgical conditions is provided from the hospital and it houses a mix of inpatient and outpatient services. The closest A&E service is located at the nearby Warrington Hospital, 11km driving distance from the site.
6.13.4 NHS Halton Clinical Commissioning Group (CCG) commissions all the key health care services for the Development Site and surrounding area. The key objectives of NHS Halton CCG are:40
To improve the health and wellbeing of the population of Halton, empowering and supporting local people from the start to the end of their lives by: preventing ill – health, promoting self-care and independence, arranging local, community-based support whenever possible and ensuring high-quality hospital services for those who need them.
To support people to stay well in their homes, in particular to avoid crises of care that can result in hospital admission. General practices will support and empower individuals and communities by promoting prevention, self-care, independence and resilience.
To work with local people and with partner organisations including Halton Borough Council, healthcare providers and the voluntary sector. This will ensure that the people of Halton experience smooth, co-ordinated, integrated and high - quality services to improve their health and wellbeing. 6.13.5 Social care services are provided by Halton Borough Council. Demand for Adult Social Care Services in Halton has been increasing year on year and is expected to continue to grow. High levels of deprivation mean proportionately high numbers of people with life - limiting long-term conditions resulting in pressure on local social care services. This will be exacerbated by the growth in the older people’s population.
6.14 Crime and safety
6.14.1 Crime is relatively low in Daresbury. The biggest safety issues are anti-social behaviour (141 incidents in 2014) followed by burglary (30), criminal damage/arson (28), violent crime (23) and drugs (22).41
6.15 Summary of community profile
6.15.1 The resident population of Daresbury ward is 4,500 compared to just under 126,000 in Halton.
6.15.2 Daresbury has a younger population with proportionately more 45-59 and 5-15 year olds compared to the average for Halton and England. 6.15.3 The majority of residents are from a White background though there are a very small number of residents from other minority ethnic groups. 6.15.4 Daresbury residents are significantly healthier than Halton and England as whole with low levels of limitations to day-to-day activities.
40 NHS Halton Clinical Commissioning Group. Commissioning Intentions for 2014/15. Version 1.9, 5 th March 2014. 41 UK CrimeStats. (2014). Daresbury Rural. Cheshire Constabulary.
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6.15.5 Daresbury has a lower rate of premature mortality from all causes, for residents aged under 65 and 75 years than Halton and England. Daresbury also has a lower rate of all cancers. Daresbury and Halton have a higher proportion of adults who binge drink. Daresbury has a generally lower proportion of children and adults who are obese.
6.15.6 There are currently three GP surgeries within a 3km radius of the site, Windmill Hill, Murdishaw and Castlefields Health Centres. Halton General Hospital is located 8km driving distance away from the proposed development site. A range of care for medical and surgical conditions is provided from the hospital and it houses a mix of inpatient and outpatient services. The closest A&E service is located at the nearby Warrington Hospital, 11km driving distance from the site. 6.15.7 Just under 81% and 74% of Daresbury children have achieved a good level of development and GCSE achievement (5A-C including English and Maths) compared to Halton and England.
6.15.8 Daresbury ward is one of the least deprived parts of Halton both in relation to England and Halton. Its ranking has not changed between 2007 and 2010. It is adjacent to one of the most deprived wards in Halton, Halton Castle. Also, compared to the other deprivation domains, it does have relatively high levels of deprivation in relation to barriers to housing and services. 6.15.9 Just under a third of homes in Daresbury are owned outright, just under two-thirds owned with a mortgage or loan, 2% are socially rented and 5% are privately rented.
6.15.10 Overcrowding in Daresbury is low at about 1%. Lack of central heating is also low at 1%. The average household size is 2.6 which is slightly higher than Halton and England.
6.15.11 Over 37% of Daresbury residents have a degree or above level qualification and only 13% have no qualifications. This compares to Halton with 18% and 27% and England with 27% and 23%. 6.15.12 Daresbury ward has low levels of unemployment for residents aged 16-74 years (3%) with 0.7% long term unemployed and 0.2% never worked. This compares to Halton and England with 6% and 4% unemployed, 2% and 1.7% long term unemployed and 0.9% and 0.7% never worked.
6.15.13 Crime is relatively low in Daresbury. The biggest safety issues are anti-social behaviour followed by burglary, criminal damage/arson, violent crime and drugs.
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7 Evidence on the Health Impacts of Housing Developments and Housing Related Regeneration Schemes
7.1 Introduction
7.1.1 This chapter provides a general summary of the key evidence on the health impacts of housing developments and housing related regeneration schemes. This is a general review that has been developed by PhD in the course of their health impact work and updated on a yearly basis.
7.1.2 A causal pathway diagram as shown in Figure 7.1 shows the general pathways through which housing development and housing related regeneration schemes impact on health and wellbeing.
7.1.3 The key themes discussed are: Housing (New Housing and Housing Improvements)
Land Use Mix
Services
Connectivity
Employment Sites
Green Space
Climate Change
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Figure 7.1Causal pathway diagram for the potential health impacts of new housing developments and other physical regeneration
CONTEXTUAL FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE of new HOUSING DEVELOPMENTS AND OTHER PHYSICAL REGENERATION
AccessInvolvement, to high support number and of How construction phase is Long-term maintenance and management of Community development projects and High quality and detailed urban localownership amenities of the along/near process by managed improved physical infrastructure activities i.e. social and physical design and masterplanning localbus residents route regeneration
Modern safety devices and appliances Reduce home accidents Key residents to Efficient heating and insulation Improve thermal comfort/ reduce heating consider: costs Improved New housing and Improved building fabric Less damp and mould/less particulates housing resilience/immune Children improvements More and better quality indoor space Less overcrowding functioning Women Older people Social exclusion for those not benefiting Improved educational attainment Improvement in Ethnic minorities Relocation (temporary likely to be negativ e) Disruption to social netw orks mental health People with and wellbeing Increase in costs of renting/ buying homes Financial hardship/poorer residents forced out disabilities Increased land use mix Improvement in Improved social contact and increased Increase in social capital physical fitness and opportunities for community activities New local services Improved access to fresh food/ recreation functioning and amenities Improved access to services and amenities Encourages long term w alking and cycling Decrease in obesity More nuisance noise Reduction in congestion Less car trips Reduction in Reduction in outdoor air pollution hypothermia related Improved Improved public transport, cycling and Improved access to jobs, education, services, deaths connectivity w alking routes cultural and leisure amenities Decrease in Increase in local job opportunities Increase in income & self esteem cardiovascular disease No or weak Adjacent Increase in noise/air pollution Greater flexibility in managing w ork and family evidence employment Increase in cars/lorry traffic Decrease in sites Traffic injury Low ers visual, aesthetic, monetary value of exacerbations of residential neighbourhood Increase in community severance respiratory conditions Reasonable or strong Low ers house values Reduction in ambient heat, flood risk and evidence Increased and Decrease in some Reduces social mix as higher income groups improved open filters air/noise/soil pollution cancers are discouraged from settling and greenspace Positive impact Restorative and relaxing – visually and Decrease in through using open/greenspace osteoporosis Negative impact Mitigation/adaptation to climate change Increase in social interaction/ play Uncertain impact Physical Reduction or increase in anti-social behaviour regeneration Increase in community cohesion & self overall Increase in neighbourhood pride esteem
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7.2 New Housing and Housing Improvements
7.2.1 The number of people living in good quality homes has been recognised as being not just of benefit to the occupiers but also to the wider community and to society.42 7.2.2 Improvements in physical housing conditions particularly in relation to central heating systems and improved insulation usually improves thermal comfort and reduces heating bills.22 7.2.3 Moving from old houses with poor indoor air quality from short term increases in indoor particulates produced from environmental tobacco smoke, cooking gases and certain heating appliances are associated with increased mortality and morbidity and acute cardio-pulmonary diseases particularly in vulnerable groups such as the elderly or people with asthma. 43 7.2.4 Dampness is associated with encouraging the growth of mites and moulds which can act as allergens and immuno-suppressors that can lead to sneezing, coughing and exacerbation of asthma. People living in damp homes have been known to suffer from persistent respiratory symptoms e.g. sneezing, runny nose, coughing which reduces general health and wellbeing. 44 In old homes this can be as a result of poor damp proofing and too little ventilation. In new housing it can be a result of too little ventilation.
7.2.5 Children can be particularly affected by living in overcrowded housing. The effects of overcrowding can include increased irritability and aggression. In children it can also lead to poor educational attainments and poor mental health due to the lack of play space and privacy. 22
7.2.6 There is a well-established link between improved housing design and a reduction in home accidents through better location of appliances and the installation of safety devices such as smoke alarms and child safe windows.45
7.2.7 Housing costs and/or rents can increase with new and improved housing. This can affect people on low incomes generating financial stress which in turn can affect diet, recreational activities and buying clothes/materials for home/school/work.46 In addition it can lead to gentrification of an area where poorer people are forced out as higher income groups move in.
7.2.8 There is also the possibility of increased social exclusion and divisions between existing residents living around a new development and new residents who move into the development.47
7.3 Land use mix
7.3.1 Land use mix refers to how residential, commercial, public and recreational land uses are spatially located with each other. This mix can either be vertical within a single, large multi- storey building or horizontally across several different buildings/blocks.
42 Chartered Institute of Environmental Health. Good housing leads to good health: a toolkit for environmental health practitioners. September 2008 43 WHO. Guidelines for Air Quality. December 1997 44 Page A. Journal of Environmental Health Research Volume 1, Issue 1; Poor housing and mental health in the United Kingdom: Changing the focus for Intervention, 2002 45 Thomson H, Petticrew M, Morrison D. Housing Improvement and Health Gain: A summary and systematic review. MRC Social and Public Health Unit. January 2002 46 Moloughney B. Housing and Population Health: The State of Current Research Knowledge. Department of Public Health. University of Toronto. June 2004 47 Douglas M, Thomson H, Gaughan M. Health Impact Assessment of Housing Improvements: A Guide, Public Health Institute of Scotland, Glasgow, 2003.
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7.3.2 It has been shown that the same amount of land used for multiple amenities produces fewer trips than when it is divided into separate pockets located some distance from each other. The benefits are through enabling people to walk to nearby amenities and socialise when they would otherwise drive to the amenities. A modelling exercise carried out by the Institute of Transport Engineers suggested that a 100,000 sq. ft. office development when split into 25,000 sq. ft. of office space, 25,000 sq. ft. of research and development space, 40,000 sq. ft. of family apartments and 10,000 sq. ft. of retail, would see rates of daily vehicle trips fall by almost 20%.48 7.3.3 Mixed land use generally results in reduced car trips, less traffic congestion, less traffic-related air pollution, greater physical activity and greater social interaction and a greater use of cycling and public transport.29
7.3.4 However, on the negative side though there is reduced vehicle use, land use mix because they create higher density neighbourhoods can lead to greater overall levels of local air pollution in the neighbourhoods area because of the increased number of cars and other vehicles in the neighbourhood.29
7.4 Access and availability of services
7.4.1 Amenities and services have been identified as channels for creating and maintaining social networks and interactions through the promotion and facilitation of informal meetings and social cohesion. This in turn can help relieve stress and enhance mental health and wellbeing.49 7.4.2 Research shows that wellbeing in older age is a function of personal choice and determination hence the quality of life, especially for older people, is partly dependent on the availability and accessibility of opportunities for social interaction/community participation. The same factors also influence children’s wellbeing.24
7.4.3 Providing a cluster of local services and amenities increases the opportunity for multi-use trips, social interactions, active travel and physical activity.50
7.5 Transport and Connectivity
7.5.1 There is evidence that the availability of public transport makes it possible for people to access jobs further away.51 7.5.2 Provision of subsidised, frequent and reliable public transport, and improved street connectivity, provides improved access to a range of opportunities and services such as education, recreational activities and health and social care services. These in turn can improve individual quality of life and reduce social isolation.52
48Lawrence DF, Engelke P; How Land Use and Transportation Systems Impact Public Health: A Literature Review of the Relationship between Physical Activity and Built Form 49 Thomson H, Kearns A, Petticrew M. Assessing the health impact of local amenities: a qualitative study of contrasting experiences of local swimming pool and leisure provision in two areas of Glasgow J Epidemiol Community Health 2003;57;663-667 50 H. Barton, and C. Tsourou. Healthy Urban Planning. 2000. World Health Organisation. Spon Press. pp 132-135 51 Kjellstrom T, and Hill S. New Zealand evidence for health impacts of transport: background paper prepared for the Public Health Advisory Committee, December 2002 52 On the move | Informing transport health impact assessment in London October 2000
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7.5.3 However, improved connectivity can bring with it increased risks of injuries and casualties particularly for cyclists and pedestrians especially when major roads are close to houses and schools.25 Though overall studies have shown that the provision of cycle and footpaths reduces cycle and pedestrian casualties and can lead to a long term increase in levels of cycling and walking and thus an increase in physical fitness and functioning.53 7.5.4 Inaccessible and unreliable public transport tends to be found in deprived areas leading to greater social and health inequality. Those who benefit most from improved public transport and connectivity are women, children and disabled people, people from minority ethnic groups, older people and people on low incomes.54 7.5.5 In the UK, children in the poorest families are four times more likely to die in road accidents than those in the richest social class. The risk to child pedestrians is mostly related to the number of roads they have to cross.28 7.5.6 Major roads running through housing communities can result in severance. Severance is the physical presence of traffic, as well as the perceived risks of accidents, which creates a barrier to social interaction and community cohesion particularly for children and older people. There is evidence which indicates that increased social contact can result in lower overall death rates.26
7.5.7 A number of studies point to the negative health impacts of noise levels associated with transport. Key noise effects include annoyance, sleep disturbance, difficulty in concentrating and, in addition in children, delayed language acquisition and lower educational performance.23, 26
7.5.8 Increased connectivity can also lead to congestion. Congestion causes motor vehicles to travel at low speeds which increase local levels of traffic-related air pollution. 7.5.9 The adverse health effects of air pollution from vehicles have been well documented and include small but measurable increases in:55
Premature deaths from cardio-respiratory disease
Exacerbation of existing respiratory illnesses Increase in respiratory symptoms e.g. coughing, shortness of breath
7.6 Proximity of employment sites to residential areas
7.6.1 There are many studies that document the likely health impacts of heavy industrial sites near housing e.g. mining, chemical and waste sectors. 7.6.2 However, there is very little research on the health impact of light industrial sites such as manufacturing/offices/retail premises near residential areas.
7.6.3 The potential health impacts described below have therefore been drawn from basic themes that emerge from research that applies to industrial and commercial sites in general.
53 Physical activity and the environment; Review One: TRANSPORT NICE Public Health Collaborating Centre – Physical activity 5 Sep 2006 54Cave B, Cooke A, Benson K. Urban Renaissance Lewisham health and social impact assessment; March 2004 55 World Health Organization. 2005. Health effects of transport related air pollution
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7.6.4 Proximity of employment sites to housing, provided that local residents take up employment in the sites is likely to enhance the local economy and wellbeing of local residents.
7.6.5 In addition, local employment enables people to manage their jobs and families with greater flexibility and hence reduces the likelihood of family conflicts and work stress linked to commuting.
7.6.6 The travel distance to work when employment sites are close to residential areas is shorter. This alongside increased connectivity can encourage more walking and cycling.
7.6.7 On the negative side, employment sites and residential mix can negatively impact on communities through noise and air pollution. Both types of pollution can be brought about through increase in road traffic, both in transporting people and goods to and from the area.
7.6.8 The visual appearance of employments sites may also be off-putting to people from higher socio-economic groups. This might discourage the influx of a mix of new residents and lead to a higher outflow from the area of current higher socio-economic group residents.
7.7 Greenspace
7.7.1 Direct and indirect contact with nature e.g. gardens and parks have a restorative effect that improves wellbeing.56,57, 40
7.7.2 It has been suggested that the likelihood of being physically active can be up to three times higher in residential environments that contain high levels of greenery and the likelihood of being overweight or obese can be up to 40% less.58
7.7.3 A variety of landscape features and its attractiveness encourages higher levels of walking.59 7.7.4 Apart from encouraging higher levels of walking other reported impacts of attractive and well maintained greenspaces include reducing stress and mental fatigue; pleasurable sensory experiences and increased social interactions.32,41,43 7.7.5 There is also some evidence of the ability of greenspace to provide direct protection from environmental exposures, for example providing shade from hot weather conditions, improving air quality through their uptake of particles and to reduce the risk of flooding by reducing surface water runoff especially in flood prone areas.60
7.8 Climate Change61 62
7.8.1 Increasing levels of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases is likely to produce significant long term changes to local, regional and global weather patterns. In the context of the UK these are likely to be:
56 Hartig T, Mang M, Evans G. Restorative Effects of Natural Environmental Experiences, Environment and Behaviour; 1991 23: 3-26 57 Murphy L, Mental Capital and Wellbeing: Making the most of ourselves in the 21st century, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health 58Ellaway A, Macintyre S, Xavier B. Graffiti, greenery, and obesity in adults: secondary analysis of European crosses sectional survey. BMJ 2005; 331:611-612. 59 Greenspace Scotland :The links between greenspace and health: a critical literature review, October 2007 60 Forestry Commission. Determining the benefits of woodland on air quality. 61 WHO. Climate change and human health. http://www.searo.who.int/en/Section260/Section2468_14932.htm 62 Health Protection Agency. Health effects of climate change in the UK 2008. 2008.
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Warmer summer (with the strong potential for heatwaves)
Milder wetter winters
Floods and droughts
Extreme weather events e.g. thunderstorms and hurricanes
7.8.2 All of the above are likely to affect health and wellbeing directly. 7.8.3 In temperate countries, deaths rates during the winter season have tended to be higher than those in the summer however this may/is likely to change with more deaths related to heat stroke. 7.8.4 Changes in air quality from air pollutants and intense pollen seasons associated with climate change may exacerbate existing cardio-respiratory diseases.
7.8.5 Increased incidence of floods and droughts is likely to homes causing long term disruption to families as well as affecting agricultural land use. Agricultural land impacts can reducing the quality and availability of land for affordable food production which can effect on levels of nutrition or malnutrition. 7.8.6 Issues surrounding water shortage and quality are likely to intensify in situations where there is drought or reduced rainfall. This is likely to have an impact on sanitation and transmission of water borne diseases. 7.8.7 There is an indirect link between climate change and disease transmission as increasing temperatures may provide opportunities for disease vectors, such as mosquitoes and malaria, to increase replication rates and change their infection and survival patterns. 7.8.8 This means that the kinds of homes and neighbourhoods in the UK will need to reflect the potential changes that climate change is likely to bring e.g. being cooler in summer as well as warmer in winter.
7.9 Past HIAs in Halton
Halton’s Local Development Framework Core Strategy Preferred Options HIA (2009) 7.9.1 This HIA assessed the Preferred Options document of the Core Strategy. It assessed the Preferred Options document of the Core Strategy. The HIA made the following recommendations that are relevant to the Proposed Development: Income & Employment Encourage local people into local jobs schemes as good practice for employment developments. Cross reference renewable technologies option with training and employment options to develop local skills in this.
Physical safety, level of and fear of crime in communities Include reference within relevant policies to Designing for Community Safety as a way of reducing the fear of crime. Ensure road transportation of freight only occurs on designated routes so that Heavy Goods Vehicles don’t use residential areas as shortcuts, thereby removing the potential for road traffic accidents involving lorries on local roads.
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Need greater emphasis or linkages between the potential offered by community hubs and reducing the fear of crime/improving community safety.
Health related or risk taking behavior Ensure there are clear links to community safety and the alcohol harm minimisation agenda to ensure the focus for economic development does not run contrary to wider alcohol agenda of Local Strategic Partnership. Consider other ways to regenerate night-time economy which does not involve a large increase in drinking establishments. Consider increasing the number of allotments by transforming the use of green spaces. Include greater scrutiny and more strategic approach to granting of planning permissions for ‘fast food’ outlets, especially those in proximity to schools/youth facilities. Monitor the availability of fresh fruit and vegetables in retail areas and link to the determination of planning applications. Consider introducing a local farmers market.
Housing Reconsider the introduction date for achieving a Gold Standard for new homes through Building for Life. Bring date for introducing this forward. Strengthen fuel poverty initiatives, affordable warmth schemes and benefits available to those on low incomes and ensure housing development and maintenance aligns with such initiatives. Consider a more flexible approach to the provision of disabled facilities within new homes which take account of changing needs such as the ability for facilities to move homes with the occupant. Where housing developments are built on previously contaminated land ensure there is access to allotments if people are restricted from growing fruit and vegetables in their own gardens.
Natural environment Consider greening of brownfield land where feasible
Health service facilities Need clearer understanding of PCT (Now CCG, Clinical Commissioning Groups) decision making criteria regarding health facilitates and co-location of ‘outreach’ health facilities in multi-use buildings. Whilst it is recognised not every new development can have a new health centre, there is a need to work with the PCT Estates department (now NHS Estates and CCG) to think of creative solutions.
Transport With regard to freight transportation, consideration needs to be given to the proximity of freight routes to residential areas, schools etc. Perceptions of the local air quality need to be managed. May be at odds with economic development aspirations freight brings with it. Need to monitor air quality and make reports are publically available to allay fears. If the proposed Sandymoor school development goes ahead it will be important to consider transport impact of this on the existing homes, particularly in relation to pollution, noise and congestion during construction phase and operational phase.
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It will be important to monitor efforts to reduce the use of cars as the principal mode of transport for short journeys.
Halton’s Third Local Transport Plan HIA (2011)
7.9.2 This HIA assessed the Third Local Transport Plan and made the following recommendations that are relevant to the Proposed Development:
Work with other partners to introduce engineering measures to reduce speed as part of a broad strategy to prevent injuries and the risk of injuries (see recommendation 1). These measures should be:
o developed after considering data on risk of injury (such as traffic speed and volume) and injuries (including levels of casualties, their age, the groups involved and where they occur);
o designed and constructed in line with current good practice guidelines and case studies, and determined by local context and the characteristics of the site (including physical limitations such as geological considerations);
o designed taking into account all road users (not just car users), including vulnerable road users (such as pedestrians, cyclists and those with impaired mobility);
o developed using effective processes of community engagement to seek the views of children, young people, their parents and carers (as outlined in NICE public health guidance 9 ‘Community engagement’) and with involvement of other interested parties such as the emergency services and local businesses;
o implemented based on local priorities for modifying the transport infrastructure;
o evaluated for their effect in terms of reducing the risk of injury and reducing the number of actual injuries;
o evaluated for any unintended consequences, such as the impact on the number of people walking or cycling or on injury rates in neighbouring streets.
Introduce engineering measures to reduce speed in streets that are primarily residential or where pedestrian and cyclist movements are high. These measures could include:
o speed reduction features (for example, traffic-calming measures on single streets, or 20 mph zones across wider areas);
o changes to the speed limit with signing only (20 mph limits) where current average speeds are low enough, in line with Department for Transport guidelines;
o implement city or town-wide 20 mph limits and zones on appropriate roads. Use factors such as traffic volume, speed and function to determine which roads are appropriate;
o consider changes to speed limits and appropriate engineering measures on rural roads where the risk of injury is relatively high, in line with Department for Transport guidance.
Consider opportunities to develop engineering measures to provide safer routes commonly used by children and young people, including to school and other destinations (such as
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parks, colleges and recreational sites). This should be done as part of the development of a broad package of measures to address travel, for instance when developing school travel plans and including school governors and head teachers in discussions about changes relating to school travel.
7.10 Conclusion
7.10.1 Judging from the evidence gathered, housing developments as a whole are generally beneficial to new and existing residents and overall can have positive impacts on health and wellbeing if designed appropriately. However, the implementation of a housing development during the construction and operation phases is also important in ensuring that potential negatives are minimised and positives maximised.
7.10.2 The issues described above should be considered together in order to produce the maximum benefits from a housing development. 7.10.3 Also importantly, in order for any housing development to be successful, both physical infrastructure and community development should be considered concurrently as new developments cannot by themselves create ‘communities’ but they can support, encourage or discourage the formation of social cohesion and capital.63
63 Cave, B., Molyneux, P., and Coutts, A. Healthy sustainable communities: What works? 2004. Chapter 3. Milton Keynes & South Midlands Health & Social Care Group.
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8 Masterplan Design Health-Proofing Review
8.1 Introduction
8.1.1 The Outline Masterplan Design was reviewed against the 12 WHO healthy urban planning principles shown in Table 8.1 below and informed by the guide Health-Proofing Masterplan Designs: A Guide.64 65
8.2 Healthy Urban Planning Principles used to Guide the Health Proofing Review
Table 8.1 World Health Organization’s (WHO) twelve healthy urban planning principles
Theme Principle Example
1. Healthy Lifestyles Do planning policies and proposals Appropriate density housing, nearby encourage and promote healthy amenities, safe and walkable/cyclable exercise/physical activity? neighbourhoods for children and adults
2. Social cohesion Do planning policies and proposals Low to medium levels of traffic through encourage and promote social home zones and traffic calming measures, cohesion i.e. integration between safe crossing points, wide communities and active engagement pavements/footpaths, well lit and looked of communities in neighbourhood after public spaces, human scale activities? business/industrial developments
3. Housing quality Do planning policies and proposals High quality design, high quality building encourage and promote housing materials, appropriate levels of internal quality room spacing, appropriate location/orientation e.g. to maximise natural light, mixed density developments, mixed tenure, mixed demography dwellings (single people, couples, families, older people)
4. Access to Do planning policies and proposals Range of accessible and well-connected employment and encourage and promote access to business/industrial premises and educational education employment and education institutions. opportunities opportunities?
5. Accessibility Do planning policies and proposals Reliable and frequent public transport, encourage and promote accessibility accessible and available health/social care/other public services, availability and accessibility of commercial services e.g. banks, local shops, supermarket hairdresser, drycleaner, pharmacist, etc.
6. Local low-input Do planning policies and proposals Protection of high value agricultural land and food production encourage and promote local food allotments, support for composting, production with low input of community gardening and growing
64 World Health Organization (WHO). (2000). Healthy urban planning. Barton H and Tsourou C. 65 Institute of Occupational Medicine, Stoke on Trent City Council and NHS Stoke-on-Trent. (2010). Health-Proofing Masterplan Designs: A Guide. Vohra S.
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Theme Principle Example chemical fertiliser and pesticides? vegetable patches in private gardens
7. Safety Do planning policies and proposals Residential and commercial design that encourage and promote safety and incorporates passive surveillance through feeling of safety in the community? overlooking windows and encouragement of passing foot, cycle and public transport traffic, removal of graffiti, maintenance and cleaning of green and built open spaces, repair of vandalised street furniture, creating community spaces where adults and children of all ages can meet and chat.
8. Equity Do planning policies and proposals Targeting deprives and environmentally encourage and promote equity and poor areas for physical regeneration, the development of social capital? ensuring high quality housing and business developments in these areas, improving street lighting, public transport and pedestrian connectivity in these areas, building in home zones and traffic calming measures.
9. Air quality and Do planning policies and proposals Regulate and reduce air emissions and noise aesthetics encourage and promote good air from motor vehicles, domestic sources and quality, protection from excessive businesses. Use noise barriers and trees and noise and an attractive environment shrubs as sinks for barriers to air pollution for living and working? exposures
10. Water and Do planning policies and proposals Mains connection to drinking water and sanitation quality encourage and promote improved sewage systems, appropriate systems where water and sanitation quality? mains connection are not feasible, reduce water usage in taps and appliances, incorporation of Surface water Urban Drainage Schemes (SUDS)
11. Quality of land and Do planning policies and proposals Protection, maintenance and enhancement mineral resources encourage and promote the of high quality agricultural land, green and conservation and quality of land and blue spaces, high quality remediation of mineral resources? contaminated land, appropriate development of mines and mineral refining facilities away from human settlements as much as possible, minimise use of non- renewable mineral resources and land uses and practices that can degrade soil quality.
12. Climate stability Do planning policies and proposals Design of energy efficient and well insulated encourage and promote climate homes that can cope with varying stability temperatures and rainfall to provide appropriate levels of thermal comfort for (and reduce the potential impact of residents, use of sustainable building climate change) materials, use of energy efficient appliances, recycling of building waste, recycling and appropriate treatment of other waste, use of renewable energy sources and protection,
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Theme Principle Example maintenance and enhancement of urban and rural biodiversity.
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Figure 8.1 Halton Core Strategy Proposals [Source: TEP]
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Figure 8.2 Initial Masterplan April 2014 [Source: TEP]
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Figure 8.3 Outline Masterplan February 2015 [Source: TEP]
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8.3 Vision and objectives66
8.3.1 The vision of the Outline Masterplan and Proposed Development is to (repeated here again from Section 4.3 for convenience): “The vision is to create a responsive, vibrant new sustainable development which will provide a range of high quality aspirational family homes and an area of employment for Daresbury and the wider Runcorn area.” 8.3.2 The following are the key aspirations of the scheme:
Deliver residential and commercial development on 36.5 hectares of land with first phase delivering approximately 295 dwellings with up to 550 dwellings in total across the whole site;
Deliver commercial/office/research development fronting the Bridgewater Canal and complimenting Daresbury Science and Innovation Campus;
Deliver a network of open spaces for nature conservation and recreation fronting the Canal and serving the residential and employment area;
Promote of walking and cycle routes and expansion of greenway network to enable people to access home and places of work, learning and leisure; and
Create a local centre with community facilities. 8.3.3 Though the vision and objectives do not explicitly mention health it does cover key aspects that relate to the health and wellbeing of both the potential new residents of the Proposed Development as well as the existing residents and workers in the immediate and wider locality. These include the creation of an employment area, open space, new community amenities and high quality sustainable family homes.
8.4 Alternative masterplan designs
Redrow has worked with the Council throughout its Core Strategy process. Figure 8.1 Halton Core Strategy Proposals [Source: TEP]
66 The Environment Partnership (TEP). 2015. Design and Access Statement for the Outline Application Masterplan
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8.4.1 Figure 8.2 shows the overall framework for the development of the site developed in the Halton Core Strategy. Figure 8.2 show the Initial Masterplan for the Site that was developed through these discussions. 8.4.2 The Initial Masterplan showed the commercial areas being served by links from Sci-Tech only and the spine road through Delph Lane Central approximately following the existing Delph Lane, forming a boundary between residential areas and commercial areas. In addition, the green space identified on the plan was concentrated in the southern most points of each development parcel. 8.4.3 Following an assessment of site constraints and opportunities, which included key environmental, transport and utilities criteria, a series of Masterplans were developed before the current Preferred Outline Masterplan was chosen.
8.4.4 The design has been chosen because it best meets the objectives of developing the Site and responding well to representations made during consultation and engagement.
8.5 Healthy lifestyles
8.5.1 Taking account of the physical constraints of the Development Site, the two railway lines, the masterplan has created a set of interconnected routes through the Proposed Development that creates new cycle and footpaths across and around the development. These link into existing local and regional cycle and footpath networks. See Figure 8.3.
8.5.2 The Landscape Strategy has the following strategic and enhancement objectives:
Strategic Objectives Retention and creation of green space to separate and break up the Proposed Development and create a safe and publicly accessible green network.
Creation of a distinctive, high quality landscape framework.
Retention and enhancement of existing trees and planting, and the creation of buffers to the edges of the development and existing housing, to integrate the development with its surroundings and to reduce its visual impact.
Creation of wildlife areas to enhance biodiversity. Enhancement Objectives
Creation of green corridors and spaces to enhance pedestrian access and links through the development and increase connections with the surrounding green space network.
Creation of a continuous 3m wide foot and cycle path, along green corridors and main access routes within the site, creating strong pedestrian links and connecting Sandymoor, Daresbury and the Cheshire Ring Canal Walk Long Distance Route.
Development of ‘Healthy Living’ Routes formed by circular footpaths around the Proposed Development;
Provision of a range of play opportunities, following best practice and national guidance;
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Enhancement of the landscape at the existing and proposed gateways to the development to reflect high quality, enhance legibility and create a strong ‘sense of place’.
Retention of existing trees and hedgerows where possible and enhancement of biodiversity across the site through the use of locally supplied indigenous species to create a sustainable, low maintenance, landscape framework.
Provision of high quality planting schemes to development comprising trees, shrubs and hedgerows to reflect and enhance the appearance of the buildings and landscape. 8.5.3 Given the constraints of the site the masterplan features open spaces distributed across the site with larger spaces towards the western ends of the development. There is a also a main spine road which will be a boulevard lined with trees. 8.5.4 The proposed street network within the development will have a variety of cycle and pedestrian routes and some shared spaces with some existing roads closed to most traffic except for emergency vehicles and foot and cycle traffic. 8.5.5 Access roads leading from the main spine road will be designed to encourage speeds lower than 20mph and residential streets will be designed to Home Zone principles to further reduce the dominance of cars, promote road safety and encourage outdoor play, walking and cycling.
8.6 Social cohesion
8.6.1 The masterplan provides two foot and cycle path links to Sandymoor the nearest existing community. There will also be a link from the new employment area to the existing Daresbury Science and Innovation campus however this extension is not part of the Outline Application.
8.6.2 The main spine road will have a speed limit of 30mph and the access and residential streets will be designed to reduce speeds to under 20mph. This will assist informal crossing, reduced noise, and severance.
8.6.3 The local centre and its mix of retail amenities and possible community facilities will be accessible to all new and existing residents in the area. This is likely to enhance social interactions within the Proposed Developments as well as with existing residents living in and around the Proposed Development. 8.6.4 As discussed in the section on Healthy Lifestyles the masterplan has a range of green and open space that are likely to particularly promote social interactions - and in turn social cohesion and social capital - across the Proposed Development. 8.6.5 The proximity of existing and new employment area is also likely to enhance the potential for residents to live and work in the locality over the medium to long terms.
8.7 Housing quality
8.7.1 The homes will utilise renewable energy technologies to ensure that the standards of the Code for Sustainable Homes are met where necessary and non-residential buildings will meet the
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BREEAM Excellent standard. Meeting Building for Life criteria has not been considered at this stage.
8.7.2 The housing will be a mix of 2,3 and 4 bedroom houses with a range of floor spaces. 8.7.3 No affordable housing is proposed as the provision of affordable housing would result in the development being financially unviable.
8.8 Access to employment and educational opportunities
8.8.1 There is good road access to and from the Proposed Development.
8.8.2 The nearest bus services are the 329 and 200 services. Bus stops for these services are approximately 100 metres from the north east corner of the site. The 329 provides connections to Warrington and the 200 service connects to Runcorn Old Town and Runcorn Rail Station on the Liverpool to Crewe and London Rail Line.
8.8.3 Bus service 62 operates within 350 metres of the north-west corner of the Proposed Development site and the X30 operates within approximately 800m of the eastern site boundary. The 62 service provides connections to Warrington, Halton Lea (District shopping Centre), Widnes Town Centre and Runcorn East Rail Station on the Warrington to Chester rail line, whilst the X30 provides connections to Warrington, Chester and Halton Lea.
8.8.4 The nearest railway station to the Proposed Development is Runcorn East station, which is located approximately 1 mile south of the site. The station is on the Chester to Warrington Bank Quay line providing direct hourly services between Chester and Manchester, with Chester providing extend services to Llandudno. 8.8.5 The Proposed Development ensures that all homes are within 400m of the spin road so making it easier for residents to use local bus services if existing bus routes are re-routed to go through the Proposed Development (both the residential areas and the new employment area) on their way, for example, to the Daresbury Science and Innovation Campus. 8.8.6 The proposed development will also offer a range of employment opportunities within the mixed use local centre with a range of retail and possibly community facilities as well as the potential to attract new employers to the new employment area that will be part of the Proposed Development.
8.9 Accessibility
8.9.1 The masterplan has created a set of interconnected routes through the development that creates new cycle and footpaths across and around the Proposed Development. These link into existing local and regional cycle and footpath networks.
8.10 Low input food production
8.10.1 The masterplan has a no dedicated allotment area though people could use their gardens to grow fruit and vegetables.
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8.11 Safety
8.11.1 The masterplan features a road network with primary, secondary and tertiary streets as well as several informal open spaces, promoting on-going pedestrian circulation throughout the development area. This is likely to also provide natural surveillance and increase safety and security.
8.11.2 Residential Streets will be designed to be pedestrian friendly, heavily traffic-calmed and designed to ‘Home Zone’ principles (i.e. “living streets” – designed to meet the needs of pedestrians, cyclists, children and residents and where speeds and dominance of the car is reduced).
8.11.3 The majority of open and greenspaces are overlooked by residential, community and commercial buildings and therefore have good natural surveillance. Where appropriate key foot and cycle paths will have safety lighting.
8.12 Equity
8.12.1 The Development Site is arable land and the deprivation in the surrounding area is low.
8.12.2 The Proposed Development is likely to have mainly positive equity impacts on the locality by increasing the provision of housing and adding a new local centre as well as new connected foot and cycle paths as well as connected green and open spaces that will be accessible to existing and new residents. 8.12.3 There may be concern in existing communities, for example Sandymoor and residents living along Delph Lane about the potential encroachment of urban communities into their localities. The Proposed Development makes an effort to screen these communities through the use of greenspace and the two storey nature of the majority of the development.
8.13 Air quality and aesthetics
8.13.1 Any type of new housing is likely to increase traffic-related air pollution from residents. However, the masterplan provides an interconnected set of pedestrian and cycle paths to enable and encourage new residents to move around the development by cycle and on foot. 8.13.2 The density of the development, the range of green and open space as well as the creation of new foot and cycle paths will improve the accessibility of the local natural environment and local aesthetics of the area and the development site.
8.14 Water and sanitation quality
8.14.1 All housing will be connected to the mains water and sewerage systems.
8.15 Quality of land and mineral resources
8.15.1 Housing is being built on greenfield that has been used for agricultural for more than a hundred years. There is likely to be only low levels of contamination with man-made chemicals.
8.16 Climate stability
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8.16.1 The housing will be built to Level 4 of the Code for Sustainable Homes. 8.16.2 There is a range of connected greenspaces and existing waterways and ponds are maintained.
8.17 Conclusion and recommendations
8.17.1 Overall the Outline Masterplan Design is sound/very good from a health and wellbeing perspective. Compromises have had to be made to deal with key constraints within the development site but the design has evolved through discussions with key stakeholders during the development of the Outline Masterplan Design.
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9 Community Consultation Feedback on the Proposed Development and Masterplan
9.1 Introduction
9.1.1 This chapter provides a summary of the health and wellbeing-related comments received from local residents living in area and local councillors attending the community consultation activities undertaken as part of the Outline Masterplan Design Application. It also summarises key details of the Outline Application Statement of Community Involvement.67 Much of the community consultation was undertaken in 2014.
9.2 Community consultation activities
9.2.1 In preparing the Outline Masterplan, Redrow has sought to engage with the community to allow local people to have their say and help shape the final proposals. Redrow has also worked to ensure that its consultation programme has followed the guidance of Halton Borough Council’s Statement of Community Involvement, the Localism Act 2011 and the National Planning Policy Framework. 9.2.2 Letters providing an overview of the plans and details of the public exhibition were distributed to properties within a defined area around the proposed site on Delph Lane.
9.2.3 Letters were sent to local politicians to notify them of the proposals and the exhibition. The recipients included the Leader of Halton Borough Council; the Executive Member for Economic Development; the Executive Member for Physical Environment; the two ward members for Daresbury; members of the Development Control Committee; the Member of Parliament for Weaver Vale; and the clerks of both Daresbury and Sandymoor Parish Councils.
9.2.4 Letters were issued to local stakeholders, specifically Sci-Tech Daresbury and the Halton Chamber of Commerce, to ensure they were informed of the proposals and could participate in the consultation.
9.2.5 A press release was issued to local media to publicise the consultation. 9.2.6 To further publicise the consultation, posters were displayed on community notice boards in the local area.
9.2.7 A public exhibition was held at the Lewis Carroll Centre in Daresbury to enable local residents to view the draft plans, as well as ask any questions about the scheme to members of the development team. Photographs of the exhibition can be found in Appendix 4. Feedback forms were available for attendees to provide comments on the plans. Copies of the exhibitions boards can be found in Appendix 5 and the feedback form is provided in Appendix 6.
9.2.8 Throughout the consultation, residents were able to call the community information line (0844 556 3002) to speak directly to members of the development team, provide their comments on the plans or ask questions about the scheme.
67 Redrow. (2015). Land at Delph Lane, Daresbury, Outline Planning Application, Statement of Community Involvement. Lexington Communications North
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9.3 Community comments
9.3.1 84 residents attended the public exhibition of which 23 feedback forms were submitted and a further feedback form was received by post. Seven calls were also made to the community information line. 9.3.2 17% of attendees of the public exhibition explicitly “liked” or were “happy” with the proposals. One resident noted that the Proposed Development was very enterprising and would reflect the needs of the whole community, whilst another believed it would benefit local businesses. Two attendees who were initially concerned expressed that there concerns had been addressed after discussing their concerns at the exhibition.
9.3.3 Whilst feedback was largely positive the following concerns were raised:
Loss of greenspace, ecology, wildlife Reduced local connectivity/restricted car access on Keckwick Lane/concern over highway arrangements Increase in traffic Lack of infrastructure Too many houses Keeping residents in the locality informed 9.3.4 53% of respondents were supportive of Halton BC’s vision for the Daresbury Strategic Site compared to 10% who were against with the remaining unsure.
9.3.5 There were varying views about the closure of Keckwick Lane with some support to reduce traffic to Moore and Daresbury via this route and some concern about the closure making the journey to Moore longer and splitting up Moore from Daresbury.
9.4 Redrow’s response to and incorporation of comments
Daresbury Strategic Site 9.4.1 In preparing its final plans, Redrow has worked to ensure that its proposals align with Halton BC’s strategic aims for the Daresbury Strategic Site through the provision of needed new homes and employment space to stimulate knock-on economic benefits.
Design and layout 9.4.2 Redrow recognises the sensitivity regarding development on greenfield sites and has designed a scheme that will be sympathetic and complementary to the local area. Extensive landscaping will be provided to improve the attractiveness of the Proposed Development and ecological value of the site, including buffering to separate the new homes from the proposed employment land. An attractive tree lined entrance to the site is also proposed to form a welcoming gateway on arrival into the Proposed Development. This open space will also include a new linear park with outdoor recreational amenities along the canal.
Highways and access 9.4.3 Redrow understands the views of local residents with regard to traffic and connectivity, and has worked to address these in concerns in its final plans. To increase accessibility and accommodate
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the expected increase in traffic, it is proposed that access to the site would be taken from the A558 Daresbury Expressway. The existing carriageway would be widened by 600mm over the railway bridge to provide three lanes. These additional lanes will provide better access when entering and exiting the Proposed Development. It is further proposed that traffic signals would be installed on the A56 to further manage traffic surrounding the site. 9.4.4 Redrow also appreciates that several residents did not support the downgrading of Keckwick Lane for public transport, emergency vehicles, cycle and pedestrian use only. Whilst it accepts that this will be disappointing for these local residents, the decision to restrict access in the location has been taken on road safety grounds. With an expected increase in vehicular users from the Proposed Development, the existing road infrastructure of Keckwick Lane would not be able to safely accommodate the increased levels of traffic. However, some respondents were supportive of this downgrading, noting that it would prevent speeding on the narrow lane. Further, signalisation of the junction at the Delph Lane underbridge will assist in reducing road safety concerns along Delph Lane. 9.4.5 To further enhance connectivity and reduce car use across the whole site, new foot and cycle paths would be created. These new networks would connect the development with Sandymoor as well as provide recreational routes throughout the new public open space. As part of the Proposed Development, there is also the potential for a new link to the Sci-Tech Daresbury campus to facilitate easy access between these businesses and the Proposed Development.
Local services and facilities 9.4.6 Redrow has consulted extensively with Halton Borough Council and it is understood that there is no requirement to incorporate additional facilities into the masterplanned area other than those already described.
9.4.7 Where necessary, Section 106 funds would be used to enhance local services to mitigate against the impact of the Proposed Development. 9.4.8 With regard to the management of surface water from the Proposed Development, it is proposed that a sustainable urban drainage system (SuDs) will be installed. Where possible in the north-eastern areas, the surface water will be naturally discharged via infiltration and soakaways. Where infiltration is not possible then a SuDs approach will work by creating water storage areas. Following discussions with United Utilities, it is also intended that foul water flows generated by the Proposed Development will discharge into the public foul sewer located in the north-west of the site at Clamington Lane. Over the last two years, Redrow has also worked with the Council to gather technical work which confirms that there is no risk of flooding on the site. 9.4.9 Additionally, Halton Borough Council would receive increased funding from the Government’s New Homes Bonus and increased Council Tax receipts from new residents. This money could then be spent in the Borough for the benefit of the local community, which could enhance local services and facilities.
Economic impact 9.4.10 The development of the site would facilitate a new employment space, creating new jobs and provide a boost to local businesses. The scheme represents significant investment in the local construction industry and jobs will be generated throughout the supply chain, as well as opportunities for local young people through training and apprenticeship schemes. With regard
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to economic impacts, the development would provide an economic boost for the local area as new residents would spend their money in local shops and services. The new local centre would also provide retail and leisure opportunities, creating further jobs and offering space for local businesses.
9.5 Conclusion
9.5.1 The community consultation revealed that residents were broadly positive about the Proposed Development but had concerns about the number of homes; the changes in the local road and highway networks; and the capacity of existing public services to cope with the increase in residents. 9.5.2 Overall, local community concerns have been considered and where possible have been taken on board by Redrow and the Masterplan Design Team in the development of the final Outline Masterplan Design.
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10 Health Impacts of the Proposed Development
10.1 Introduction
10.1.1 The analysis of health impacts examined the likely effects during the construction and operation of the proposed development on:
equity impacts; impacts on the health of older people, children and young people, women, and those with disabilities; effect on social inclusion and community cohesion; effect on access to facilities and amenities including open space
10.1.2 The impacts identified in this chapter are before mitigation measures developed in Chapter 11 and in other assessments being undertaken, e.g. Environmental Impact Assessment, are implemented. 10.1.3 Two summary health impact tables are provided at the end of this chapter (See Table 10.1 and Table 10.2). 10.1.4 The findings of the following Environmental Statement (ES) chapters were taken into account in the analysis of health and wellbeing impacts:
10.1.4.1 Chapter 6 Geology 10.1.4.2 Chapter 7 Hydrology and Flood Risk 10.1.4.3 Chapter 8 Air Quality
10.1.4.4 Chapter 10 Landscape and Views
10.1.4.5 Chapter 11 Traffic and Transport 10.1.4.6 Chapter 12 Socio-Economic
10.1.4.7 Chapter 13 Land Use
10.1.4.8 Chapter 14 Noise 10.1.4.9 Chapter 15 Waste 10.1.4.10 Chapter 16 Climate Change
10.2 Factors influencing the construction phase
10.2.1 The phase includes construction work only as the site is currently used for agricultural activities and there are no significant buildings or structures on the site near existing dwellings that need to be demolished.
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10.2.2 The construction and selling off of the housing will be a phased project, over 12 years, with some areas being started, completed and sold before others.
10.2.3 There are no current users of recreational spaces or amenities that are not included in the groups existing residents and workers in the area and new residents. There is some recreational fishing and horse riding on Poplar Farm currently which will be ended by the Proposed Development. Other recreational activities may be undertaken after the construction phase but this is uncertain at this stage.
10.2.4 The indicative route for the construction traffic is from a new junction off the A558 and a spine road that will be constructed through the Delph Lane North site to the Delph Lane Central site. 10.2.5 The following is summarised from Chapter 11 Traffic and Transport of the Environmental Statement.68
10.2.5.1 There have been 73 personal injury accidents in the Daresbury area in the 5 year period between 2009 and 2013, 2 fatal, 14 serious and 57 slight accidents. 10.2.5.2 The accidents are clustered at the junctions along the A558 and A56, at Pitts Heath Roundabout and Sci-Tech Daresbury roundabouts on the A558, the A558/A56 traffic signals and along the A56 at the Delph Lane priority junction and at the M56 interchange.
10.2.5.3 There has been one fatal accident along the A558. This accident occurred in 2009 and involved two cars travelling in opposite directions one of which crossed into the path of the other. The other fatal accident occurred at the M56 junction in 2011.
10.2.5.4 In this 5 year period there have been no reported accidents on Keckwick Lane but a single accident has occurred on Delph lane immediately west of the canal bridge.
10.2.5.5 The construction phase of the proposed development will require the creation of a new junction linking the development site to the A558 with an associated widening of the accommodation bridge to new farm requiring 24 HGV movements and 10 to 15 personnel traffic movements per day for a limited period (6 to 9 months). 10.2.5.6 Day-to-day residential development construction traffic will require 32 HGV movements and between 40 and 60 personnel traffic movements over a 12 year time period using the new junction access onto the A558. 10.2.5.7 During the construction phase, without mitigation, the effects are judged to be negligible, minor adverse (mainly existing residents and businesses in the area) or moderate adverse (minor to moderate adverse on A558 users). 10.2.6 The following is summarised from Chapter 8 Air Quality of the Environmental Statement.69
10.2.6.1 The nearest major roads are the A558 Daresbury Expressway and the A56 Chester Road. Vehicular traffic on these roads and the new spine road through the site would be the main sources of emissions and pollutant concentrations for the residents of the Proposed Development.
68 Redrow. (2015). Chapter 11 Traffic and Transport. Outline Planning Application, Daresbury. Environmental Statement. 69 Redrow. (2015). Chapter 8 Air Quality. Daresbury Mixed Use Development Outline Application Environmental Statement.
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10.2.6.2 As there is no monitoring undertaken by the Council in the vicinity of the Proposed Development site, background pollutant concentrations have been taken from the DEFRA modelled maps of background pollutant concentrations. 10.2.6.3 Baseline concentrations of air pollutants in the development area are well below the
statutory objectives. The statutory objectives for Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) are 40µg/m3 annual mean and 200µg/m3 hourly mean not to be exceeded more than 18 3 times a year. The statutory objectives for Particulate Matter (PM 10) are 40µg/m annual mean and 50µg/m3 24 hour mean not to be exceeded more than 35 times a
year. Annual mean concentrations of Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx) and PM10 are between 26-36µg/m3 and 15-19µg/m3 (figures have been rounded up or down to the nearest whole number from those provided in the Air Quality Assessment).
10.2.6.4 The construction phase would result in the generation of dust and PM with an estimated potential pre-mitigation risk assessed as low risk to human health.
10.2.6.5 During the construction and operation phases of the Proposed Development the effects of air pollution are judged to be of small magnitude and negligible adverse impact on local residents.
10.2.6.6 Construction best-practice and specific measures from The Institute of Air Quality Management (IAQM) for a medium risk site will be employed. 10.2.7 The following is summarised from Chapter 14 Noise of the Environmental Statement. 70
10.2.7.1 The baseline noise climate in the Proposed Development area (particularly in Delph Lane North) is predominately influenced by traffic noise from the A558 Daresbury Expressway and trains on the West Coast Main Line railway. There is also intermittent noise from trains on the Chester-Warrington railway, traffic on lanes in the area, aircraft, distant traffic (e.g. M56) and agricultural activity; however, in areas away from the Expressway, and in the interludes between passing trains the noise climate is of a rural character. 10.2.7.2 Baseline noise measurement estimates near the railway and A558 range from 60 to 65 dB LAeq during daytime and 54 to 64 dB LAeq for nighttime. In the middle of the site (near proposed local centre), daytime noise levels range between 43 to 47 dB LAeq during the daytime and 39 to 54 dB LAeq during the nighttime.
10.2.7.3 During the construction phase, without mitigation, the effects are judged to be minor (vibration) or moderate (noise) adverse on those residents living on the development site close to construction activity.
10.3 Factors influencing the operation phase
10.3.1 There will be an increase in the number of good quality homes plus a range of retail amenities including potentially some community facilities. 10.3.2 New residents moving into the area will have good quality new homes that are built to the latest standards.
70 Redrow. (2015). Chapter 14 Noise and Vibration. Daresbury Mixed Use Development Outline Application Environmental Statement..
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10.3.3 Existing residents are free to move into the new developments through the open housing market.
10.3.4 There is a potential for ‘us’ and ‘them’ perception between existing residents and new residents moving into the area.
10.3.5 The influx of new people into the area, potentially 1580 new residents71, over the course of the construction of the Proposed Development. This is likely to mean increased vehicular traffic as well as some pressure on existing health, social care, education and learning services in particular over the short and/or long terms. 10.3.6 Over the long term, the community facilities and open/green space will need to be maintained and after 5-10 years some refurbishment and renovation, to avoid them being rundown especially if there is high usage.
10.3.7 The following is summarised from Chapter 11 Traffic and Transport of the Environmental Statement.72 10.3.7.1 In the AM and PM peak hours approximately 700-800 vehicular movements are forecast to be generated. To minimise the impact of this traffic on the local road network a direct access is to be provided from the development onto the A558. 10.3.7.2 There would be daily increase in traffic volumes along the A558, 10-13% at Pitts Heath roundabout, 13-15% along the A558 west of the spine road junction, 21-22% along the A558 east of the spine road junction and 11-12% at the A56 junction.
10.3.7.3 During the operation phase, without mitigation, the effects are judged to be minor (potential inadequacy of some school walking/cycling routes), moderate or major adverse (moderate to major because of increase in traffic on the A558, on is own and cumulative with other developments) and minor beneficial (walking and cycling only along Keckwick Lane).
10.3.8 The following is summarised from Chapter 8 Air Quality of the Environmental Statement.73
10.3.8.1 The modelled concentrations of air pollutants (NO2 and PM10) for the opening year (2025) in the development area are well below the statutory objectives, with a highest predicted concentration long term, including committed developments, at 3 3 one receptor, of 31.9µg/m (17.2-31.9 range) for NO2 and 17.3µg/m for PM10 (14.7- 17.3 range).
10.3.8.2 During the operation phase, without mitigation, the effects are judged to be negligible on the A558 and A56 and moderate to substantial adverse on some existing properties that are close to the construction activities and minor to substantial beneficial for those living along the roads closed to motor vehicle traffic e.g. Keckwick Lane and the northern part of Delph Lane. 10.3.9 The following is summarised from Chapter 14 Noise of the Environmental Statement.74
71 Redrow. (2015). Chapter 12 Socio-Economic. Daresbury Outline Planning Application Environmental Statement. 72 Redrow. (2015). Chapter 11 Traffic and Transport. Outline Planning Application, Daresbury. Environmental Statement. 73 Redrow. (2015). Chapter 8 Air Quality. Daresbury Mixed Use Development Outline Application Environmental Statement.
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10.3.9.1 During the operation phase (scenario for 2025), traffic-attributable increases in noise along the A558 and A56 are expected to be in the range 0.3 to 0.7 dB(A). For existing dwellings on the development site there are decreases in noise of 2.6-2.7 and over 10 dB(A).
10.4 Health impacts – construction phase
10.4.1 Initially the start of the operation phase will be alongside continuing construction work due to the phased nature of the housing with new residents moving in at different times over a 12 year period. Those new residents living on the Proposed Development while construction is on-going are discussed in this section. 10.4.2 Overall, the construction phase is likely to have no health impact or a minor negative health impact on existing residents living in Daresbury ward and workers in the area. However, existing residents living on the development site and those living along the indicative route for construction traffic outside the development site are likely to be most adversely affected and have a minor to moderate negative health impact. New residents moving onto the Proposed Development while construction is on-going are likely to have, overall, a minor to moderate positive health impact.
10.4.3 There are six potential positive health impacts of the construction phase (one health outcome/effect that is linked to five determinants). 10.4.3.1 In terms of mental health and wellbeing outcomes, jobs and education generally improve self esteem and personal development alongside increasing or maintaining incomes to lead healthier lifestyles; housing and sustainable buildings, energy use and waste management also tend to enhance wellbeing through improved indoor environment, reduced spending on heating and lighting and better adaptation to changing conditions e.g. climate change. For those who are unemployed and who obtain employment either on the Proposed Development or businesses who provide materials and services to the Proposed Development this is likely to have a moderate to major positive health impact. For new residents living on the Proposed Development while construction is on-going this is likely to have a moderate to major positive health impact. 10.4.3.2 In terms of jobs and economy, opportunities for employment for local people from the construction activities on the development site, the provision of materials and services related to construction phase activities and the stimulation of the wider economy that these jobs and services and the stimulation of the wider economy that these jobs and services are likely to bring is likely to have positive health and wellbeing impacts. This however is dependent on a) whether strategies are in place that will ensure that Halton BC residents are given preference in taking up employment and b) how much of the building materials and equipment are sourced from within Halton. The Socio-Economic Assessment estimates that up to 130 Full Time Equivalent (FTE) jobs per year are likely to be created over the 12 year construction period and estimates that the construction costs would be
74 Redrow. (2015). Chapter 14 Noise and Vibration. Daresbury Mixed Use Development Outline Application Environmental Statement..
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approximately £86 million.75 For those who are unemployed and who obtain employment either on the Proposed Development or businesses who provides materials and services to the Proposed Development this is likely to have a moderate to major positive health impact. For most existing residents and workers in the area and new residents living on the Proposed Development while construction is on-going the availability of construction-related jobs is likely to have no health impact or a minor positive health impact (through the effects on the wider and local economy).
10.4.3.3 In terms of education and learning, there may be opportunities for strengthening skills, adding to experience and for on-the-job training. For those people who get construction-related jobs on the development site or businesses that provide materials and services to the Proposed Development this is likely to have a minor to moderate positive health and wellbeing impact.
10.4.3.4 In terms of housing and shelter, for new residents living on the Proposed Development while construction is on-going, given the quality of the Proposed Development, this is likely to have a moderate to major positive health impact.
10.4.3.5 In terms of energy and waste, for existing residents and workers in the area there is likely to be no health impact. For new residents living on the Proposed Development while construction is on-going, given the high sustainability standards used in the construction and operation of the Proposed Development, this is likely to have a moderate to major positive health impact. 10.4.3.6 In terms of leisure recreation, for existing residents and workers in the area there is likely to be no health impact. For new residents living on the Proposed Development while construction is on-going, given the phased provision of high-quality private gardens as well as over time some open, green and play space as the construction progresses, this is likely to have a minor to moderate positive health impact. 10.4.4 There are eleven potential negative health and wellbeing impacts of the construction phase (three health outcomes/effects that are linked to eight determinants).
10.4.4.1 In terms of chronic disease (and pollution) outcomes, there is likely to be some dust generated during construction activities, an increase in construction traffic- and equipment-related air pollution, noise and other disruption. For existing residents and workers in the area this is likely to have no health impact or a minor negative health impact. For existing residents living on the development site, those living along the indicative route for construction traffic outside the development site and new residents living on the Proposed Development while construction is on-going this is likely to have a minor to moderate negative health impact.
10.4.4.2 In terms of physical injury outcomes, there is the potential for incidents to occur in and around the Proposed Development site if the site and related traffic are not satisfactorily managed. The presence of construction structures such as scaffoldings, the possibility of load slippage from cranes, lorries and other construction machinery, in addition to increased vehicular traffic is likely to pose an
75 Redrow. (2015). Chapter 12 Socio-Economic. Outline Planning Application, Daresbury Environmental Statement.
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increased risk of physical injury. For existing residents and workers in the area this is likely to have no health impact or a minor negative health impact. For existing residents living on the development site, those living along the indicative route for construction traffic outside the development site and new residents living on the Proposed Development while construction is on-going this could have a minor to moderate negative health impact. 10.4.4.3 In terms of mental health and wellbeing outcomes, there will be nuisance and annoyance associated with the construction activities and associated lorry traffic. This will be mainly from noise, light and dust/air pollution and can particularly affect babies and pre-school children, older people and those with disabilities and their carers. For most existing residents and workers in the area there is likely to be no health impact. For existing residents living on the development site, for existing residents who live along the indicative route for construction traffic outside the development site, and new residents living on the Proposed Development while construction is on-going; this is likely to have a minor to moderate negative health impact.
10.4.4.4 In terms of housing and shelter, construction activities and associated lorry traffic may cause some groundborne vibration in existing residential properties within the development site. For most existing residents and workers in the area this is likely to have no health impact. However, existing residents living on the development site and those living along the indicative route for construction traffic outside the development site, this could have no health impact or a minor negative health impact (through worrying about the potential damage to their property). 10.4.4.5 In terms of transport and connectivity, the movement of the construction may generate some congestion on the A558 and on the spine road on the development site. For most existing residents and workers in the area this is likely to have no health impact or a minor negative health impact. For existing residents living on the development site, those living along the indicative route for construction traffic outside the development site and new residents living on the Proposed Development this is likely to have a minor to moderate negative health impact.
10.4.4.6 In terms of education and learning, there is a potential that construction activity and associated lorry traffic give rise to short-term noise impacts that lead to reduced concentration and learning at home; in children in particular. For most existing residents and workers in the area this is likely to have no health impact. For existing residents living on the development site, those living along the indicative route for construction traffic outside the development site and new residents living on the Proposed Development while construction is on-going this is likely to have no health impact or a minor negative health impact. 10.4.4.7 In terms of crime and safety, though existing crime levels are low, the influx of construction workers in the development area, the storage of potentially valuable construction material and machinery on site, the creation of some temporary unsurveilled routes with low usage and temporary lighting could lead to anti-social behaviour or crime. For most existing residents and workers in the area, this is likely to have no health impact. For existing residents living on the development site and
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new residents living on the Proposed Development while construction is on-going, this is likely to have no health impact or a minor negative health effect.
10.4.4.8 In terms of social capital and community cohesion, construction activities and associated lorry traffic, noise and changes in perceptions about the quality of the general environment have the potential to reduce the willingness of residents to leave their homes and reduce outdoor social interaction. For most residents and workers in the area, this is likely to have no health impact. However, for existing residents living on the development site and those along indicative routes for construction traffic outside the development site, this is likely to have a minor to moderate negative health impact. For new residents living on the Proposed Development while construction is ongoing, given the phased nature of the development and their choice to move onto the site while construction is ongoing, this is likely to have no health impact or a minor negative health impact.
10.4.4.9 In terms of leisure and recreation, for those who use Poplar Farm for fishing and horse riding, most likely existing residents living in the area, this is likely to have no health impact or a minor negative health impact.
10.4.4.10 In terms of lifestyles and daily routines, for most existing residents in the area there is likely to have no health impact. For existing residents living on the development site and those living along the indicative route for construction traffic outside the development site the potential disruption to lifestyles and daily routines is likely to have a minor to moderate negative health impact. For new residents living on the Proposed Development given that they have chosen live on the Proposed Development while construction work is ongoing, this is likely to have no health impact or a minor negative health impact.
10.4.4.11 In terms of land and spatial, the loss of agricultural land that could be used for food production and, more importantly, the change from a quiet greenfield rural site to a construction site and the change of the site to a more urbanised character, for most residents and workers in the area, this is likely to have no health impact or a minor negative health impact. For existing residents living on the development site, this is likely to have a minor to moderate negative health impact. 10.4.5 There is one uncertain/mixed health and wellbeing impact of the construction phase (i.e. it is uncertain what the overall direction of impact is likely to be - no impact, a positive or negative - or potentially both positive and negative health impacts at the same time).
10.4.5.1 In terms of mental health and wellbeing outcomes, for new residents living on the proposed development while construction is on-going there is likely to be nuisance and annoyance associated with the construction activities and the construction traffic (mainly noise, light and dust/air pollution but also risk of road traffic incidents) as well as the positives of moving into high quality new homes and a new development. However, these residents will be aware of the construction activity and make a choice of moving into the development while construction work takes place. The combined effect of the minor to moderate negative health impacts of the nuisance and annoyance alongside the moderate to major positive health impacts of
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moving into a new home is likely to an overall minor to moderate positive health impact.
10.5 Health impacts – operation phase
10.5.1 This section discusses the potential health and wellbeing impacts once the construction phase is complete.
10.5.2 Initially the start of the operation phase will be alongside continuing construction work due to the phased nature of the housing with new residents moving in at different times over a 12 year period. Those new residents living on the Proposed Development while construction is on-going are discussed in the previous section, Section 10.4 Health impacts - construction phase. 10.5.3 Overall, the operation phase is likely to have no health impact, a minor negative or a minor to moderate positive health impact for most existing residents and workers in the area and existing residents living on the development site. For some existing and new residents living near the West Coast Line, who could experience high levels of noise, this could have a minor to moderate negative health impact. For new residents living on the Proposed Development this is likely to have a moderate to major positive health impact.
10.5.4 There are nine potential positive health and wellbeing impacts of the operation phase (one health outcome/effect that is linked to eight determinants): 10.5.4.1 In terms of mental health and wellbeing, for new residents living on the Proposed Development as well as for those who are unemployed and who obtain employment in the new local centre (retail and possible community amenities) and the new employment area, this is likely to have a moderate to major positive health impact. For existing residents and workers in the area, because of the increase in amenities in the locality brought about by the Proposed Development and depending on how they access and use the new amenities and facilities, this is likely to have a minor to moderate positive health impact.
10.5.4.2 In terms of jobs and economy, there will be an increase in the number of opportunities created in the local centre and the employment areas in the Proposed Development. The 15,000 sqm of employment space is estimated to support approximately 640 FTE jobs and the increase in household expenditure would support approximately 40 FTE jobs (some of these jobs are likely to be located in the 3,000 sqm space within the local centre. This is likely to have both individual level and local economic effects. For most existing residents in the area and new residents living on the Proposed Development this is likely to have no health impact or a minor positive health impact. For those who are unemployed and who obtain employment in the new local centre and new employment area), this is likely to have a moderate to major positive health impact.
10.5.4.3 In terms of housing and shelter, the new good quality housing in the area is likely to be a mixture of private housing and will meet the Code for Sustainable Homes Level 4. For new residents living on the Proposed Development this is likely to have a moderate to major positive health impact.
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10.5.4.4 In terms of education and learning, there may be opportunities for on-the-job training. For those who get jobs in the new local centre and new employment area this is likely to have a minor to moderate positive health impact. 10.5.4.5 In terms of the shops and retail amenities, the value and usefulness of these will be dependent on what kinds of shops and retail amenities are developed. For existing residents and workers in the area this is likely to have no health impact or a minor positive health impact. For new residents living on the Proposed Development this is likely to have a minor to moderate positive health impact.
10.5.4.6 In terms of art and leisure, the increase in accessible high quality open, green and play spaces and the improved connectivity of the foot and cycle path network, including greenways connecting the Proposed Development to neighbouring residential areas such as Sandymoor, for existing residents in the area depending on how they access and use the new amenities and facilities, this is likely to have a minor to moderate positive health impact. For workers in the area this is likely to have no health impact or a minor positive health impact. For new residents living on the Proposed Development this is likely to have a moderate to major positive health impact.
10.5.4.7 In terms of lifestyles and daily routines, for existing residents and workers in the area the Proposed Development is unlikely to change lifestyles and daily routines and, depending on how they use the new amenities and facilities on the Proposed Development, this is likely to have no health impact or a minor to moderate positive health and wellbeing impact. For new residents living on the Proposed Development, given the high quality of the general environment, the provision of foot and cycle paths, the retail amenities, possible community facilities, and employment areas within walking distance, which is likely to support active, healthy lifestyle choices promoting physical activity and reducing trips by car and the associated emissions, this is likely to have a moderate to major positive health impact.
10.5.4.8 In terms of energy and waste, for existing residents and workers in the area this is likely to have no health impact. For new residents living on the Proposed Development this is likely to have a moderate to major positive health impact.
10.5.4.9 In terms of land and spatial, the Proposed Development, for new residents living on the Proposed Development is likely to have a moderate to major positive health impact.
10.5.5 There are three potential negative health and wellbeing impacts of the operation phase (two health outcome/effect and one determinants).
10.5.5.1 In terms of mental health and wellbeing, for some existing and new residents living near the West Coast Line, who could experience high levels of noise, this is likely to have a minor to moderate negative health impact.
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10.5.5.2 In terms of physical injury outcomes, due to the increase in traffic and the potential, if there are no or few safe crossings across the main spine road between residential areas and the green and play spaces within the Proposed Development, there is the potential for there to be an increase in road traffic related incidents and injuries. For existing residents and workers in the area, and new residents living on the Proposed Development this is likely to have no health impact or a minor to moderate negative health impact. 10.5.5.3 The main long term potential moderate to major negative health and wellbeing impact of the proposed development during the operation phase are linked to the long term investment in the maintenance of the area if outline plans for future investment are not developed at this stage. If over the long term the services, facilities and amenities are not maintained, renovated and invested in, then the positive impacts identified above will be lost and negative health and wellbeing impacts will emerge especially affecting older people, those with young children, those with disabilities, children and young people and those looking for work 10.5.6 There are five uncertain/mixed health and wellbeing impacts of the operation phase (i.e. it is uncertain what the overall direction of impact is likely to be - no impact, a positive or negative - or potentially both positive and negative health impacts at the same time). 10.5.6.1 In terms of chronic disease (and pollution) outcomes, there is likely to be some additional air and noise pollution due to additional motor vehicle traffic. For existing residents and workers in the area, and new residents living on the proposed development this is likely to have no effect or a minor negative health impact. However the improved access and availability of open and greenspaces and greater walking and cycling opportunities and connectivity could help to reduce cardiovascular and respiratory chronic disease in the long term. For those existing residents and workers in the area and new residents who use these amenities this could have a minor to moderate positive health impact.
10.5.6.2 In terms of transport and connectivity, the Proposed Development will have a network of foot and cycle paths providing additional pedestrian and cycle links for existing residents living in and around the Proposed Development. There is also the potential for new local bus services going through the proposed Development, new employments areas and Sci-Tech Daresbury and the potential to make existing local bus services more commercially viable. For existing residents in the area and new residents living on the Proposed Development this is likely to have a moderate positive health impact. However, there is likely to be some additional congestion on some local roads and traffic-related air pollution in the area. For existing residents and workers in the area and new residents living on the proposed development this is likely to have a minor negative health impact. 10.5.6.3 In terms of health and social care services, it is likely that by this time the existing local primary care services will be at or near capacity and given the likely ageing population there is a likely to be a need to review and consider additional capacity. However, it is difficult to make a judgment on what impacts this might have. If the capacity of the local primary care services is improved at a pace with the new residents who move onto the Proposed Development and in line with the changing,
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likely ageing, demography of the area then this is likely to have a minor positive health impact. If capacity is stretched then this could have a minor to moderate negative health impact. 10.5.6.4 In terms of crime and safety, there is likely to be more natural surveillance across the Proposed Development this is likely to reduce the potential for crime and anti-social behaviour. However, there is a potential for the local centre to become a hotspot for general and alcohol-related anti-social behaviour. How big an issue this could be depends on how the local centre is managed particularly in relation to amenities that sell alcoholic drinks. There is also a potential for the greenspaces to become places for anti-social behaviour if they are not well maintained and appropriately lit in the evenings.
10.5.6.5 In terms of social capital and community cohesion, the mix of new residents and how the opportunities to fosters social interaction will have an important influence on whether social capital and community cohesion are enhanced or not within the Proposed Development and between new and existing residents in the area. The Outline Masterplan Design is designed to enhance social interactions, though there also needs to be long term efforts to develop social and community activities that bring existing and new residents together, for existing residents in the area and new residents living on the proposed development this could have no health impact or a minor to moderate positive health impact. If there is no social interaction and existing residents do not use the facilities and amenities in the Proposed Development then for existing residents who come to resent the Proposed Development and its new residents there could be a minor negative health impact. 10.5.6.6 In terms of land and spatial, the change from a quiet greenfield rural character to a more urbanised one, for some existing residents in the area this could continue to have a minor negative health impact.
10.6 Health impacts on existing residents
10.6.1 For most existing residents:
10.6.1.1 During the construction phase, they are likely to have no health impact or a minor negative health impact from construction related activities and associated lorry traffic. There is a potential minor positive health impact from the stimulation of the wider economy. 10.6.1.2 During the operation phase, they are likely to have a minor to moderate positive health impact depending on how existing residents make use of the amenities and facilities available on the Proposed Development (both the green and open space as well as the new local centre). There is a potential for a minor negative health and wellbeing impact linked to the potential increase in motor vehicle traffic in the locality (e.g. air and noise pollution, congestion, risk of road traffic incidents). 10.6.2 For those existing residents living on the Proposed Development site and along the indicative route for construction traffic.
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10.6.2.1 During the construction phase, they are likely to have no health impact or a minor to moderate negative health impact linked to increases in noise, light, dust/air pollution, an increase in construction-related traffic in the area and a loss of the rural character of their immediate locality.
10.6.2.2 During the operation phase, the impacts are similar to most existing residents as shown above in 10.6.1.2. However, the loss of the rural character of their immediate locality could continue to have a minor negative health impact.
10.7 Health impacts on new residents
10.7.1 For those new residents living on the Proposed Development. 10.7.1.1 During the construction phase, they are likely to have a minor negative health and wellbeing impact linked to increases in noise, light, dust/air pollution and an increase in lorry traffic and a moderate to major positive health impact from moving into a new home within a high quality residential development.
10.7.1.2 During the operation phase, they are likely to have a moderate to major positive health and wellbeing impact from their new homes and the amenities and facilities available to them on the Proposed Development e.g. open/greenspace; foot and cycle paths; retail amenities and possible community facilities. Many of these residents will also face a minor negative health and wellbeing impact linked to the potential increase in motor vehicle traffic in the locality (e.g. air and noise pollution, congestion, risk of road traffic incidents) as early residents will have moved onto the Proposed Development when there were fewer residents and fewer cars on the Proposed Development.
10.8 Health impacts on children and young people
10.8.1 For most existing children and young people living the area:
10.8.1.1 During the construction phase, they are likely to have no child and young person- specific negative or positive health and wellbeing impacts. 10.8.1.2 During the operation phase, they are likely to have a minor to moderate positive health and wellbeing impact depending on how they make use of the amenities and facilities available on the Proposed Development. There is a potential for a minor to major positive health and wellbeing impact in relation to the leisure and recreational opportunities and on education and learning through outdoor play and active travel (walking and cycling). There is a potential for a minor to moderate negative health and wellbeing impact linked to the potential increase in motor vehicle traffic in the locality (e.g. air and noise pollution, congestion, risk of road traffic incidents). 10.8.2 For those existing children and young people living on the Proposed Development site and along the indicative route for construction traffic.
10.8.2.1 During the construction phase, they are likely to have a minor to moderate negative health and wellbeing impact from the increases in noise, light, dust/air pollution and an increase in lorry traffic in the area e.g. actual or perceived risk of road traffic injuries and reduced play outdoors because of parental fear about lorry traffic.
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10.8.2.2 During the operation phase, the impacts are similar to most children and young people as shown above in 10.8.1.2.
10.8.3 For those new children and young people moving onto the Proposed Development. 10.8.3.1 During the construction phase, they are likely to have a minor to moderate negative health impact from the increases in noise, light, dust/air pollution and the lorry traffic on the Proposed Development e.g. actual or perceived risk of road traffic injuries and reduced play outdoors because of parental fear about lorry traffic. And a moderate to major positive health impact linked to moving into a new home. 10.8.3.2 During the operation phase, they are likely to have a moderate to major positive health and wellbeing impact linked to living in a new home and the amenities and facilities available to them on the Proposed Development.
10.9 Health impacts on women
10.9.1 The health impacts, both during the construction and operation, depending on where they live, are likely to be similar to most existing residents or those existing residents living in the Proposed Development site, e.g. along Delph Lane, or along the indicative route for construction traffic.
10.9.2 Women could be more concerned about safety and security if living on the Proposed Development during the construction phase.
10.10 Health impacts on older people
10.10.1 The health impacts, both during the construction and operation, depending on where they live, are likely to be similar to most existing residents or those existing residents living in the Proposed Development site, e.g. along Delph Lane, or along the indicative route for construction traffic. 10.10.2 Negative health impacts are likely to be experienced more strongly and be more significant in this group particularly where older people are living on their own and without a strong social support network and/or live adjacent to the construction activities taking place on the Proposed Development site and the indicative route for the construction traffic.
10.11 Health impacts on people with disabilities
10.11.1 People with disabilities would also have a similar set of health and wellbeing impacts to women and older people and again depending on their disability the significance of the negative impacts in particular is likely to be greater on this group of residents during the construction phase particularly if they are living on their own and without a strong social support network and/or live adjacent to the construction activities taking place on the Proposed Development site and the indicative route for the construction traffic.
10.12 Health impacts on minority ethnic groups
10.12.1 Residents from ethnic minority backgrounds are likely to have a similar set of health and wellbeing impacts to existing and new residents.
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10.13 Health impacts on low income/unemployed people
10.13.1 The new local jobs created during both the construction (construction-related jobs on site and in construction-related businesses) and operation phases (new local centre - retail amenities and possible community facilities - and new employment area) could have a positive impact on health and wellbeing. It is likely that more men would take on the building jobs available during the construction phase and more women the retail jobs available during the operation phase.
10.14 Health impacts on existing and new workers in the area
10.14.1 The Proposed Development is likely to create more leisure and recreational opportunities for existing and new workers in the area (both the local centre; the green and open space; and foot and cycle paths) and support active commuting for workers travelling across the Proposed Development, including from Sandymoor, to SciTech Daresbury and the new employment area. This is likely to have no health impact or a minor to moderate health impact depending on how these existing workers use the local centre; green and open space; and foot and cycle paths.
10.15 Long term and cumulative impacts
10.15.1 Other proposed developments in the area include:
A further 250 homes within the Delph Lane Central development site, which would form part of the Future Development Phase.
The remaining 300 homes within the East Runcorn strategic development area (which was the subject of hybrid application by Redrow in May 2013). The 1,460 homes proposed at the Sandymoor development, including the potential local centre and new primary school.
The 300 homes at the Wharford Farm development to the west of the West Coast Main Line.
The 150 homes at the Preston Brook Marina. 10.15.2 These are likely to increase the motor vehicle traffic in the area as well as put some pressure on existing education and learning as well as health and social care services. A range of improvements to the A558 have been agreed as part of a programme of work by other proposed developments and Halton BC to ensure that the A558 is capable of dealing with the increase in traffic from the Proposed Development and other developments proposed in the surrounding area. This is likely to have a potential negative health impact however the impact is likely to be small and therefore it is not expected to change the magnitude ratings of the health and wellbeing impacts discussed above in Sections 10.4 and 10.5. 10.15.3 The potential for additional local centres and similar enhancement of foot and cycle path networks as well as accessible green and open space and the need for housing in Halton BC is likely to have a potential positive health and wellbeing impact.
10.16 Equity impacts
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10.16.1 There are no specific equity impacts either during the construction or operation phases. The Proposed Development is in an area of low deprivation and the potential positive and negative health impacts of the Proposed Development can affect new and existing residents alike. 10.16.2 Within financial viability constraints including affordable and intermediate housing (social and market based) would help to enhance equity and reduce inequality.
10.17 Conclusion
10.17.1 The Proposed Development has overall positive health and wellbeing impacts for existing residents living in and around the Development Site and the new residents who move onto the Proposed Development. 10.17.2 However, those living on the Development Site currently and those living along the indicative route for the construction lorries (particularly older people, children and young people, those with disabilities and those with young children) are potentially likely to be most adversely affected during the construction phase.
10.17.3 Over the long term if there is no maintenance, investment and renovation then the positive health and wellbeing benefits of the redevelopment will be lost and replaced by potentially significant negative health and wellbeing impacts.
10.17.4 The next chapter recommends some key mitigation and enhancement measures to minimise the negative health and wellbeing impacts and maximise the positive impacts.
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Table 10.1 Construction phase (Impacts without mitigation, majority of health and wellbeing impacts are low level, temporary, intermittent and reversible)
red = negative impact , amber = uncertain/mixed impact (could be +ve and/or –ve) , green = positive impact , white = ~ no impact
People affected Overall Chronic Physical Mental Jobs and Housing & Transprt & Education Crime & Health and Shops and Social Art/ Lifestyle Energy Land and diseases injury health & economy shelter connetivty and safety social care retail capital and cultural and daily and waste spatial & pollution wellbeing learning services commnity activities/ routines cohesion leisure recreatn
Existing residents living ~/- ~/- ~/- ~ ~/+ ~/- ~/- ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~/- around the proposed development Existing workers working in ~/- ~/- ~/- ~ ~/+ ~ ~/- ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ the area
Existing residents living on -/-- -/-- -/-- -/-- ~/+ ~/- -/-- ~/- ~/- ~ ~ -/-- ~ -/-- ~ -/-- the development site and along the construction traffic route New residents moving into +/++ ~/- ~/- --/-/~/+/ ~/+ ++/ +++ -/-- ~/- ~/- ~ ~ ~/- +/ ++ ~/- ++/ +++ ~ the proposed development while other construction is ++/ on-going +++ Impacts that have not been fully captured above Women ~/- ~ ~ ~/- ~ ~ ~/- ~ ~/- ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
Men ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
Gender
Impacts that have not been fully captured above Asian ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ (Indian subcontinent) Black ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ East Asian ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
(Chinese, Thai, etc.) Mixed ethnicity ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ White ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ Ethnicity (incl. Irish/European)
Impacts that have not been fully captured above
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People affected Overall Chronic Physical Mental Jobs and Housing & Transprt & Education Crime & Health and Shops and Social Art/ Lifestyle Energy Land and diseases injury health & economy shelter connetivty and safety social care retail capital and cultural and daily and waste spatial & pollution wellbeing learning services commnity activities/ routines cohesion leisure recreatn
Older people ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
Children and young --/-/~/ ~ ~/-/-- ~ ~ ~/++/++ ~/-/-- ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ -/~/+/ -/~/+ ~ ~ people
Age ++/ +++ + ++
Impacts that have not been fully captured above Physical ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
Sensory ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
Learning ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
Mental health ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
Disability
Impacts that have not been fully captured above Christian ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
Other ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
Faith
Impacts that have not been fully captured above Those who get +/++/++ ~ ~ +/++/ +/++/ ~ ~ +/++ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ jobs/wider economy
+ +++ +++ Those with long term ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ limiting illnesses
Other
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Table 10.2 Operation phase (Impacts without mitigation, when the construction phase of the Outline Masterplan Proposed Development is complete) red = negative impact , amber = uncertain/mixed impact (could be +ve and/or –ve) , green = positive impact , white = ~ no impact
People affected Overall Chronic Physical Mental Jobs and Housing & Transport Education Crime & Health and Shops and Social Art/ Lifestyle Energy Land and diseases injury health & economy shelter & and safety social care retail capital and cultural and daily and waste spatial & wellbeing connctivty learning services commnity activities/ routines pollution cohesion leisure recreatn
Existing residents living -/~/+/ ++ -/~/+/ ~/-/-- +/++ ~/+ ~ ~/+/ ++ ~ -/~/+ --/-/~/+ ~/+ -/~/+/ +/++ ~/+/ ++ ~ -/~/+/ around the proposed ++ ++ ++ development Existing workers working in -/~/+/ ++ -/~/+/ ~/-/-- +/++ ~ ~ ~/+ ~ ~ ~ ~/+ ~/+ ~/+ ~/+/ ++ ~ ~ the area ++ New residents living on the ++/ +++ -/~/+/ ~/-/-- +/++/++ ~/+ ++/ +++ -/~/+ ~ -/~/+ --/-/~/+ +/++ -/~/ ++/ +++ ++/ +++ ++/ +++ ++/ +++ proposed development ++ + /++ +/++
Impacts that have not been fully captured above Women ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
Men ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
Gender
Impacts that have not been fully captured above Asian ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ (Indian subcontinent) Black ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ East Asian ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ (Chinese, Thai, etc.)
Mixed ethnicity ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ White ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ Ethnicity (incl. Irish/European)
Impacts that have not been fully captured above
Older people +/++ ~ ~ +/++ ~ ~ ~/+/ ++ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~/+/ ++ +/++ ~/+ ~ ~
Age
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People affected Overall Chronic Physical Mental Jobs and Housing & Transport Education Crime & Health and Shops and Social Art/ Lifestyle Energy Land and diseases injury health & economy shelter & and safety social care retail capital and cultural and daily and waste spatial & wellbeing connctivty learning services commnity activities/ routines pollution cohesion leisure recreatn
Children and young +/++/++ ~ ~ +/++/++ ~ ~ +/++ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~/+/ ++ ++/+++ ~/+ ~ ~ people + +
Impacts that have not been fully captured above Physical ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
Sensory ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
Learning ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
Mental health ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
Disability
Impacts that have not been fully captured above Christian ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
Other ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
Faith
Impacts that have not been fully captured above Those who get ++/ +++ ~ ~ ++/ +++ ++/ +++ ~ ~ +/++ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
jobs/wider economy Those with long term -/~/+/ ++ ~/- ~ -/~/+ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~/+/ ++ ~ ~ ~ limiting illnesses
Other
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11 Measures to Optimise the Potential Health Outcomes
11.1 Introduction
11.1.1 The following sections provide recommendations for enhancing the detailed masterplan design when it is developed and the construction and operation phases. 11.1.2 The recommendations described in this section if properly considered and appropriately applied are likely to ensure that the majority of the negative health and wellbeing impacts of the Outline Masterplan Design are mitigated and the positive health and wellbeing benefits enhanced. 11.1.3 The measures are also likely to ensure that any health inequalities are not widened and could potentially also help to reduce some of these inequalities over the longer term. 11.1.4 This set of mitigation and enhancement measures should be read alongside and implemented in conjunction with measures identified by the following key assessments that have been undertaken as part of the Environmental Statement.
Chapter 6 Geology
Chapter 7 Hydrology (and Flood Risk Assessment)
Chapter 8 Air Quality
Chapter 10 Landscape and Views Chapter 11 Traffic and Transport
Chapter 12 Socio-Economic
Chapter 14 Noise and Vibration (and Appendix 14a)
Chapter 15 Waste Chapter 16 Climate Change 11.1.5 The main mitigation measures as set out in the above chapters have been incorporated into a draft Construction Environmental Management Plan (CEMP) (ES Supporting Document SD3). When a contractor has been appointed, the CEMP will be finalised, in consultation with Halton BC. 11.1.6 The consideration, prioritisation, resourcing and implementation of the mitigation and enhancement measures described in this Chapter will be the responsibility of Redrow in discussion with Halton BC and other partners and the negotiations on the conditions of the S106 agreement and the detailed planning application.
11.2 Mitigation measures identified in the Environmental Statement
11.2.1 Section 6.7, Chapter 6 Geology, Daresbury Outline Application Environmental Statement.
11.2.1.1 Detailed engineering site inspections will be carried out across the area of the Proposed Development. Should evidence of ground contamination be encountered,
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it will be necessary to carry out further investigations. Some remediation works may then be necessary. If this is the case, a site-specific remedial strategy would be developed and contaminated soil or groundwater would be treated using the most appropriate methods.
11.2.1.2 All proposed remediation and detailed mitigation measures will be presented in detail to the local authority and other appropriate regulators for approval prior to implementation. It is not expected that contamination of a significant nature will be encountered.
11.2.1.3 Materials Management (storage and handling of materials and products), Pollution Prevention (site drainage and managing sewage and trade effluents, working near watercourses) and Emergency Response Plans (pollution incident response planning) will be produced which will adhere to the Environment Agency pollution prevention guidelines.
11.2.1.4 Standard construction mitigation measures will be implemented see Paragraph 6.7.4 in Section 6.7, Chapter 6 Geology. 11.2.2 Section 7.7, Chapter 7 Hydrology, Daresbury Outline Application Environmental Statement.
Construction
11.2.2.1 Setting Finished Floor Levels a minimum of 150mm above the external levels following any re-grade should mitigate any risk of flooding from a variety of sources, including groundwater and surface water run-off risks at the proposed development. 11.2.2.2 Any overland flows generated by the Proposed Development must be carefully controlled; safe avenues of overland flow away from the existing and proposed dwelling are advised.
11.2.2.3 It is advised that external levels will fall away from the proposed properties to minimise the flood risk associated with a variety of sources including canal breach/overtopping.
11.2.2.4 Elevating Finished Floor Levels relative to the carriageway, where at all possible, should help to create a safe overland flood flow route in the event of a canal breach or any other source of flooding that could lead to overland flow.
11.2.2.5 SuDS would be installed as part of the drainage design and would incorporate the existing fishery (proposed pond area), boundary drainage ditches and proposed detention basin. Opportunities would also be taken to provide soft landscaping where appropriate on site to assist in minimising surface water run‐off. Added benefits include biodiversity and visual enhancements.
Operation 11.2.2.6 To minimise the flood risk to the proposed dwellings and neighbouring property it is proposed that surface water run-off generated by the Proposed Development would be managed such that the peak rates of run-off would be restricted to the equivalent of the pre-development situation.
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11.2.2.7 The Proposed Development and its drainage systems would be designed to cope with intense storm events up to and including the 100 year return period rainfall event with an allowance for Climate Change (CC), based on the design life of the Proposed Development this allowance for CC is in the form of a 30% increase in rainfall intensity. 11.2.2.8 As with any drainage system, blockages within either the foul or surface water system have the potential to cause flooding or disruption. The foul water sewers are to be offered for adoption and therefore appropriate maintenance regimes should be carried out, minimising the associated risk. 11.2.3 Section 8.6, Chapter 8 Air Quality, Daresbury Outline Application Environmental Statement. 11.2.3.1 Construction phase mitigation measures set out in the above section in the Environmental Statement have been proposed and are based on the recommendations of the Institute of Air Quality Management. These measures relate to community communication, site management, monitoring, site preparation and maintenance, operation of vehicles and machinery, sustainable travel, site operations and waste management.
11.2.4 Section 10.12, Chapter 10 Landscape and Views, Daresbury Outline Application Environmental Statement (see also detailed mitigation measures described in the Landscape Strategy). 11.2.4.1 Management of construction traffic and working hours (See Paragraphs 11.2.5 and 11.2.7 for more details). 11.2.4.2 Identification of appropriate locations for siting of compounds and stockpiles. 11.2.4.3 Use of 2m hoardings and perimeter mounding to screen low-level activity where it would form a significant part of a view from a receptor. 11.2.4.4 General measures will include identification of trees, tree groups and hedges that would require removal, protection for those to be retained close to the works, and proposals for reinstatement detailed in plans. All works will be undertaken to British Standards. Stockpiled soils will be protected, traffic would be managed and the siting and height of temporary buildings, cabins, equipment and lighting carefully considered to minimise visual effects. 11.2.4.5 Embedded mitigation built into the design of the Proposed Development includes measures to mitigate some adverse visual effects including:
. Careful design of the building parcels to incorporate Green Infrastructure and SuDS . Green buffer to existing railway
. Green buffer to separate proposed housing areas from proposed employment areas 11.2.4.6 Broad mitigation measures following construction include:
. Planting of replacement trees and hedges . Planting of new trees and hedges in accordance with an approved Landscape Strategy. New planting is proposed for green buffers, Public
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Open Space, front gardens, rear gardens in deliverable locations, the new spine road.
. Mitigation planting will include native trees and shrub species, of local provenance where available, and will be designed to reflect and support the local hedgerow and woodland pattern of the area.
11.2.4.7 The incorporation of green buffers which comprise of landscaped open spaces allows the development to be set back from receptors and enables retention of existing vegetation and new planting to provide additional screening and/or filtering. 11.2.5 Section 11.7, Chapter 11 Traffic and Transport, Daresbury Outline Application Environmental Statement.
11.2.5.1 General mitigation measures include the careful choice of plant and machinery, traffic management plans agreed with the police and Highway Authority, construction phasing plans agreed with the Local Authority, the implementation of a Construction Environmental Mitigation Plan (CEMP) and compliance with EHO requirements.
11.2.5.2 The new junction onto the A558 will be constructed first so that construction traffic will not need to be routed along the Keckwick Lane/ Delph Lane, which are considered to be sub-standard in terms of width and forward visibility.
11.2.5.3 The new junction off the A558 will form the approved access route to site for all construction traffic. Suppliers will be made aware of this approved access route when orders are placed, and “No Works Traffic” style signing will be placed on Delph Lane and Keckwick Lane to deter use by HGVs. 11.2.5.4 Where possible, the timing of deliveries can be agreed with suppliers to avoid peak rush-hour traffic, and to minimise the impact on adjacent residents. 11.2.5.5 The use of temporary barriers in the A558 verge will allow work to progress on the new bridge structure whilst maintaining two-way flow on the A558.
11.2.5.6 Contractor will be required to instigate and monitor a ‘Considerate Driving’ education programme. It is expected that this will be relevant for site staff and delivery drivers. As HGV access will be predominantly via the new spine road, and improvements will be made to offline walking and cycling provision, the interface between HGVs and pedestrians will be minimised. 11.2.5.7 A Traffic Management Plan will be developed as part of the post consenting regime, incorporated within the finalising of the draft Construction Environmental Management Plan (CEMP) process. It is anticipated that this will be the mechanism for capturing standard mitigation measures typical of best practice. The Traffic Management Plan will be agreed with the Local Planning Authority and Highway Authority and will outline mitigation measures including methods to ensure effective dust suppression, appropriate selection and maintenance of vehicles, notification of vehicle and non-vehicular routes.
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11.2.5.8 To encourage the use of buses the Masterplan has been designed to enable efficient bus routing to take place. Buses operating directly along the spine road are within 400m of the vast majority of the proposed residential properties. Bus shelters and real time information are to be funded to promote the use of the bus.
11.2.5.9 Substantial funding is to be provided to the Council to assist with the provision of new bus services into the site. 11.2.5.10 To minimise the use of cars, especially by sole drivers, personalised travel planning and car-sharing schemes are to be promoted as part of the site’s travel plan. 11.2.6 Section 12.7, Chapter 12 Socio-economic, Daresbury Outline Application Environmental Statement.
11.2.6.1 Halton has recently used Basic Need Capital Funding to carry out building works to provide additional school places at four primary schools including Windmill Hill (1.6km from the development site). It is important that the proposed school at Sandymoor is delivered to help alleviate some of the pressure. In the absence of a new Sandymoor primary school then alternative locations will need to be sought. 11.2.6.2 It may also be necessary to expand existing provision to increase the number of GPs, for example through an extension to existing provision or a replacement practice. Stand-alone, on-site provision within the development is not considered necessary given the small additional number of GPs required.
11.2.7 Section 14.7, Chapter 14 Noise, Daresbury Outline Application Environmental Statement.
11.2.7.1 The following measures, which are in accordance with the guidance in British Standard 5228-1+A1:2014, will be implemented to mitigate construction noise and vibration: . Construction site working hours on the development site shall be limited to the daytime only (e.g. 07:00-19:00 hours on Mondays to Fridays and 08:00- 13:00 hours on Saturdays), with no working on Sundays and Bank Holidays. . Any out of hours working necessary for road works in connection with junction with the A558 and/or A56 shall be agreed in advance in writing by the local planning authority. . Deliveries of building materials shall only be made to the site during the daytime hours specified above. . An appropriate speed limit shall be adopted for all traffic on the site and marked with appropriate signs.
. Vehicle routes shall be designed (e.g. with one way systems) so as to minimise use of reversing sirens of vehicles. . No percussive piling shall be undertaken on the site without the prior consent of Halton Borough Council.
. No dynamic compaction works (involving dropped tamping weights) shall be undertaken on the site.
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. Spoil that is generated from the development shall be re-used on site as far as is practicable.
. All excavators loaders, dumpers, etc., used on the site shall comply with the latest EC noise certification limits
. All machinery shall be operated with their engine covers closed and engines will not be left with engines running unnecessarily. . The condition of silencers, engine enclosures, acoustic body panels, etc., shall be checked and maintained regularly.
. The construction site compound(s) shall be located well away from existing residential areas.
. All personnel (including sub-contactors) shall be instructed on requirements to minimise noise and vibration as part of the site induction process. 11.2.7.2 The draft CEMP also includes procedures will in place for liaising with local residents, dealing with any complaints; the final CEMP will include methods for noise/vibration monitoring if required by Halton BC. Following detailed design, the CEMP will also identify any areas where the type/duration of construction works would warrant the provision of temporary noise barriers and take into account any necessary measures to control vibration impact on any sensitive scientific instrumentation at Sci-Tech.
11.2.7.3 In order to control noise impact to no more than Minor Adverse the total noise level from mechanical services plant ((rated in accordance with BS4142:2014) would be
limited to no more than 3dB above the LA90 background noise levels at residential locations. To control noise impact to no more than Negligible impact would require the total noise level from mechanical services plant (rated in accordance with
BS4142:2014) to be limited to no more than the LA90 background noise levels at residential locations. 11.2.7.4 The background noise climate levels will be taken into account during the design, specification and installation of mechanical services equipment and, where necessary, incorporate noise control measures, such acoustic enclosures, acoustic louvres, attenuators (’silencers’). 11.2.8 Section 6, (Paragraphs 6.9- Appendix 14a, Assessment of noise impact on Proposed Development. 11.2.8.1 The following design advice to Redrow has been recommended: . Do not build any dwellings closer than 10m from site boundary.
. Design the layout such that an access road is built near to, and parallel to, the site boundary. . Face dwellings towards railway with no, or minimal, gaps between the buildings. . There should be no, or minimal, front gardens – i.e. just a driveway, garage, hard landscaping, etc.
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. Dwellings should be 2 storey with roof ridge heights of at least 7.5m. . Bedrooms of the dwellings must have horizontal ceilings and there must be no rooms in roof spaces. . Rear gardens should be designed to be screened effectively by roof-line of the dwellings themselves.
11.2.8.2 The Masterplan layout has been designed in accordance with set recommendations as far as is reasonably practicable. Thus the houses will be set back from the site boundary and will face towards the railway with the rear gardens screened effectively behind the houses themselves. In this way railway noise levels will be reduced to within 55dB LAeq (16hr) in these rear gardens.
11.2.8.3 In the northernmost area the railway line embankment reduces in height and the tracks run near or at grade for a section (at the current Riding School area and environs). Here an acoustic fence would be beneficial in reducing propagation of railway noise. We therefore recommend that a proprietary timber acoustic fence of 3 metres in height (and at least 20mm in thickness) is installed along the railway boundary from the northernmost point southwards as far as the railway is at, or near, grade. If necessary planting should be provided to soften the appearance.
11.2.8.4 Sound insulation in living rooms of dwellings nearest to the railway is also recommended. This includes double glazing 4mm glass – nominal cavity – 6.4mm acoustic laminated glass; fit acoustically treated ventilation, or high specification acoustic trickle vents (e.g. Aereco 3-part system) to be agreed with the Halton BC. Where tracks are not on an embankment and are at, or near, grade, fit upgraded double glazing of 6mm glass – nominal cavity – 6.4mm acoustic laminated glass (or reduce to that described above if recommended acoustic fencing is installed). Fit acoustically treated ventilation instead of normal window frame slot vents, or high specification acoustic trickle vents (e.g. Aereco 3-part system) to be agreed with the Halton BC.
11.2.8.5 Sound insulation in bedrooms of dwellings nearest to the railway; for first line of dwellings nearest to railway fit wide-gap double windows (secondary glazing) i.e. outer standard thermal double glazed windows, cavity of at least 100mm and secondary glazing of 6.4mm acoustic laminated glass with effective acoustic edge sealing (e.g. ‘Selectaglaze’). No window frame slot vents. Wall mounted acoustic vents or ducted system with terminations in shielded elevations only. Ceilings - double layer of plasterboard.
11.2.8.6 For the area near Chester-Manchester (Warrington-Chester) Railway Line, houses should built 10m away from the boundary fence, particularly in the area where the trains emerge from the cutting. Rear gardens can extend up to the site boundary.
11.2.8.7 For the area near Daresbury Expressway, design the layout such that an access road is built near to, and parallel to, the site boundary; face dwellings towards the Expressway as far as is practicable with no, or minimal, gaps between the buildings; no, or minimal, front gardens; dwellings should be at least 2 storey with roof ridge heights of at least 7.5m; 3-storey dwellings would provide greater noise screening
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for rear gardens but top floor bedrooms of the nearest properties would overlook the road; the bedrooms of the dwellings should have horizontal ceilings and there must be no rooms in roof spaces; as far as is practicable, rear gardens should be designed to be screened effectively by roof-line of the dwellings themselves; some modest sound insulation of dwellings will also be necessary in respect of the traffic noise. Well fitted standard thermal double glazing (4mm glass – nominal cavity – 4mm glass) should suffice but an acoustically treated means of ventilation should be provided instead of standard window frame slot vents.
11.2.8.8 For the new spine road, expected increases in traffic levels in the future, and associated noise, supports recommendations to include some sound insulation measures for exposed habitable rooms fronting the road, as well as acoustic fencing of 2 metres in height for any rear gardens adjacent to the road. 11.2.9 Section 15.7, Chapter 15 Waste, Daresbury Mixed Use Development Outline Application Environmental Statement.
11.2.9.1 Contractors will prepare a Site Waste Management Plan (SWMP), which will be in accordance with the following measures:
. The consumption of raw materials and waste shall be minimised, through sound design and good practice in sustainable procurement. . Where waste is generated, opportunities for reusing or recycling the waste will be considered prior to disposal via landfill. . Waste materials will be stored securely on site in order to prevent their escape and protect them against vandalism, vermin or outside interference.
. Hazardous waste (e.g. Paints, solvents, sealants) will be segregated on-site to avoid contaminating other material and waste streams.
. Storage of waste on site will either be: within the scope of, and comply with, the requirements of one or more of the activities specified as exempt from waste management licensing; or carried out under an environmental permit issued by the Environment Agency (EA).
. Waste management activities on sites operating under an environmental permit will be managed by a nominated technically competent manager;
. All waste disposal contractors carrying waste will be authorised to do so and all sites that receive the waste will be authorised to do so. . Disposal of all waste will be accompanied by the relevant statutory transfer documentation that adequately describes the waste.
. Quantities of waste generated will be recorded and monitored. Records will be kept for a minimum of three years. . All employees and contractors will have a duty of care when controlling the carriage and disposal of waste to ensure it is handled in a responsible manner. . All staff and contractors working on the proposed development will be informed of which waste should be deposited where.
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. No stage of the Proposed Development will commence until the SWMP, has been submitted to, and approved by Halton BC or the EA.
. Redrow’ designs allow for appropriate internal recyclable waste storage located within kitchen units. The garden layouts also include suitable hardstanding areas for the siting of waste containers which are provided by Local Authorities. Where apartment buildings are built, their design includes for dedicated refuse storage areas.
. Commercial areas would be designed in accordance with Building Regulations and subject to the approval of Halton BC. It would be expected that each building would contain its own storage and separation facilities, and hardstanding for siting of waste containers for collection either by Local Authority or contracted waste carriers. 11.2.10 Section 16.6, Chapter 16 Climate Change, Daresbury Outline Application Environmental Statement.
11.2.10.1 The Proposed Development, for residences, will meet level 4 of the Code for Sustainable homes and for non-residential buildings will meet the BREEAM Excellent standard.
11.2.10.2 The buildings on the Proposed Development will be designed to reduce energy consumption through a good quality external envelope and efficient building services. 11.2.10.3 Energy demand can be lowered through enhancing the performance of the thermal envelope of the building.
11.2.10.4 There will be energy efficient lighting throughout and any external lighting is installed with daylight cut-off sensors. The boilers installed will be at least 89% efficient as rated by SEDBUK and any appliances that are fitted have at least an A or A+ rating under the EU Energy Efficiency Labelling Scheme. 11.2.11 Section 1.5, Community Engagement and Public Information, CEMP
11.2.11.1 A community relations agency will be appointed to provide dedicated community relations and external communication support, including a 24-hour free telephone project helpline and project website, ensuring the details of any complaints are recorded and all complaints are appropriately managed. Complaints will be investigated and appropriate action will be taken. The project helpline and website information will be visible on boards placed around the perimeter of the construction site in appropriate locations where they would be visible to the public. Where a person from a community local to the works makes a complaint, it will be passed initially to the community relations team. The community relations team will liaise with the other members of the project team to investigate the complaint. Appropriate action will then be taken by the project construction team.
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11.3 Additional measures to optimise health outcomes identified by the Health Impact Assessment
11.3.1 Detailed design and planning aspects 11.3.1.1 It would be good to ensure that the houses met all or most of the Commission for Architecture and the Built Environment (CABE/Design Council, Third Edition, January 2015) Building for Life criteria as possible. 11.3.2 Design of diverse and flexible community and commercial buildings
11.3.2.1 A Local Centre Management Strategy should be developed to set the broad strategic direction for the kinds of uses that would be favoured. Key considerations within this strategy should include:
promotion of diversity in the retail services that are located in the local centre so as to ensure many of the day-to-day essential goods and services can be provided within walking distance of the majority of the residential development;
the planning and management of evening and night-time activities in relation to retail premises selling alcohol;
the potential for a farmer’s market, for example once a week, at the local centre;
an indication of how much the retail space would be rented out for and the likely leasehold obligations should be in place by at the latest by the first year (2023) of the construction phase of the local centre. 11.3.2.2 Develop a Community Development Strategy and Communications Plan in partnership with the Halton BC, to develop a range of events and activities to promote social interaction among new residents and between new residents and existing residents of Sandymoor, Moore and Daresbury.
11.3.2.3 Engage with Halton BC library services on the viability of a fixed physical library or a mobile library that serves the Proposed Development.
11.3.2.4 Ensure that the local centre has one or more free ATMs to access cash.
11.3.3 Ensuring safe, diverse and high quality open public and green spaces 11.3.3.1 Provide a range of attractive, rugged, and some sheltered, seating suitable for older people and children, in all the main open and greenspaces including where feasible and appropriate SuDs areas. 11.3.3.2 Consider the provision of an outdoor gym located at one or more of the greenspaces. 11.3.3.3 Provide free/subsidised public toilets that are more than the automated pod toilets at the local centre. These should be open from early morning to late evening seven days a week all year round.
11.3.3.4 Ensure provision of adequate evening lighting for foot, cycle and underpaths.
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11.3.3.5 Ensure tree and flora types and tree lines are chosen and planted in ways that provide thermal comfort for pedestrians and cyclists i.e. provide shading and cooling along these streets. 11.3.3.6 Consider the potential for brown and green roofs are to be incorporated onto commercial and community buildings, promoting biodiversity, reducing building energy demand and the minimizing local health islands. 11.3.4 Safe crossing points on the main spine road
11.3.4.1 Provide a number of safe crossing points along the main tree-lined spine road, for example, raised zebra crossings. Suggested places for safe crossing points are next to LAPs so that residents, particularly children, older people and those with disabilities, can cross to and from the LAP.
11.3.4.2 For example, on the spine road adjacent to the Local Area for Play (LAP) near the Main Gateways and the Northern Green Gateway. 11.3.5 Cycle paths, cycle bays and wider cycle paths across the whole Proposed Development
11.3.5.1 It is recommended that the foot and cycle path along Delph Lane is kept continuous across both Delph Lane North and Delph Lane Central so that cyclist do not have to cross at the CWL bridge to the other side of the road. This will create a continuous route from the A558 across the whole development site and link the local cycling route leading to the regional route 82 to the south and the Mersey Forest Cycleway in Sandymoor to the north, promoting regional cycling connectivity and safety.
11.3.5.2 Ensure that cycle bay provision (sheltered wherever possible) is located at all the green and open spaces and at the local centre.
11.3.6 Sustainable management of waste and recycling 11.3.6.1 Ensure appropriate provision of public litterbins and consider and discuss with Halton BC the provision of smaller public recycling bins alongside litterbins particularly at the local centre. 11.3.6.2 Consider and discuss with Halton BC the provision of larger collective recycling bins for paper, glass and aluminium cans in the area.
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11.4 Construction phase
11.4.1 Health and safety in and around the proposed development site
11.4.1.1 Appoint a Main Contractor and Sub-Contractors with excellent safety records, low complaints record and a good history of working with residents living nearby.
11.4.1.2 Ensure Main Contractor and Sub-Contractors will be part of the Considerate Constructors Scheme and the project will be monitored to maintain the highest possible standards of construction.
11.4.1.3 Ensure the community relation agency working with the internal established communications team at Redrow (as presented in the CEMP) details how potential nuisance issues resulting from the construction site and its operation will be dealt with. There should also be a named Community Liaison Lead who has responsibility for listening to any community issues/complaints and the power/authority to resolve them as this will increase trust and enhance the relationship between the construction team and local residents particularly those living on the development site during the construction phase.
11.4.1.4 Consider setting up regular, possibly monthly or fortnightly, meetings between resident’s representatives and the Community Liaison Lead and community relations agency working with the internal established communications team at Redrow. 11.4.1.5 Ensure adherence to the Construction (Design & Management) Regulations 2007 (CDM 2007) and aim to integrate health and safety into project management process. The Health and Safety Executive has produced an accompanying Approved Code of Practice document ‘Managing Health and Safety in Construction’ which sets out the implications of the new legislation for developers, contractors, designers and workers.
11.4.1.6 Ensure all workers and visitors entering the site are made aware of national and EU health and safety protocol in addition to site-specific guidelines issues.
11.4.1.7 Ensure a staffed site management presence for construction traffic at the A558 access for construction traffic for deliveries and visitor information. 11.4.1.1 Ensure secure, hard standing space will be designated alongside loading and unloading areas for the initial storage of plant and materials. Due to the size of the development, additional localised storage areas will likely need to be introduced, in line with the phasing of the development, to reduce the movement of plant and materials around the site.
11.4.2 Local recruitment of construction workers and local procurement of building materials and equipment 11.4.2.1 Ensure recruitment for the construction jobs starts locally through the local job centres before being advertised more widely. This will also reduce the potential pressures on local housing due to an influx of workers and be more sustainable in terms of construction-related commuter road traffic.
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11.4.2.2 Develop a plan for dealing with the healthcare, and potentially the accommodation, needs of construction workers. This will need to be developed once construction recruitment has started and there is a clearer idea of the number of workers likely to move into the area. Housing construction workers in existing permanent dwellings is always preferable to temporary ‘portacabin’ type accommodation even for a short period. 11.4.2.3 Give preference to local/Halton companies as suppliers of construction equipment and materials.
11.4.3 Protecting access to public transport, pedestrian routes and emergency vehicles 11.4.3.1 Ensure appropriate signage as and when the parts of Keckwick Lane and Delph Lane are closed to ensure that motor vehicle drivers in particular are aware of the changes. 11.4.4 Reducing crime and enhancing safety 11.4.4.1 Ensure that construction workers have specific contractor ID and branded clothing e.g. high visibility jackets with the name of the contractor. 11.4.4.2 Alongside security fencing, further secure the perimeter of the construction site by considering regular patrols after dark by a private security company in areas where residents, both existing and new, are living. Also liaise with the local police and community warden services so that they can increase patrols in and around the development site during the construction phase both during the day and especially in the evening and at night. This could be additional to the private security arrangements provided by the Main Contractor.
11.4.4.3 Set up regular monthly meetings between the local Police, Community Wardens, the Main Contractor and resident representatives to ensure that crime and safety issues are dealt with promptly. Also ensure that the site managers name and telephone number, including the provision of an out of hours telephone number, is available to the private security company, local police, community wardens, community representatives, existing residents living in the area and new residents living on the Proposed Development.
11.5 Operation phase
11.5.1 Partnership working 11.5.1.1 Partnership working between Redrow and Halton BC is likely to be key to enhancing the benefits of the Proposed Development both for the new residents moving onto the proposed and the existing residents and workers in the area.
11.5.1.2 Redrow should to liase with NHS Halton Clinical Commisioning Group (CCG) at two points in time: when the first new residents move onto the Development Site and when the Proposed Development is complete and it has most, if not all, its new residents. This will help to ensure that the long term future health care service needs of the residents of the Proposed Development are embedded into the CCG’s Commisioning Strategy
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11.5.2 New residents moving onto the estate 11.5.2.1 Provide a range of information materials in a welcome pack that includes key information about local services – health, education, library, leisure facilities, etc. – as well as how residents can access the local buses, foot and cycle paths and greenspaces.
11.5.2.2 Halton BC should consider a youth worker/youth work team that works in the locality to encourage mixing between young people living on the Proposed Development and young people living in Sandymoor, Moore and Daresbury. 11.5.3 Management of community buildings and open/greenspaces 11.5.3.1 Redrow and Halton BC should consider a Community Forum where on-going planning, design and management issues can be discussed. 11.5.3.2 The Area Action Plan requires the development of a:
Retail and Community Premises Management Strategy and Action Plan that builds on the existing work on developing a strategy to attract retail businesses into the Proposed Development early on in the construction phase.
Landscape Management Strategy and Biodiversity Strategy to develop a detailed and fully funded maintenance programme that includes the open/green/play spaces, other landscaped areas and street furniture and street lighting along green spaces, foot and cycle paths, on or under bridges and bus stops. Where possible, local residents should be involved in developing and helping to take ownership for ensuring that the area is well maintained and that issues are reported to those with responsibility for dealing with repairs and maintenance.
For the longer term, consider the development of community gardening club/association in designated plots within the proposed greenspaces and potentially linked to the promotion of weekly farmer’s markets in the local centre.
11.6 Health activities allied to the operation phase
11.6.1 Health focused activities should be linked to existing community development activities in the locality. As part of the Community Development Strategy the following activities should be considered:
Joint community canal walks Joint green gyms
Joint sporting activities and community barbeques.
Youth work events and activities that take place with children and young people.
Walking, cycling and mini-bus tours of the proposed development for residents living around the proposed development and how they can access and use the
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amenities available e.g. using community transport or Redrow or SciTech Daresbury employee volunteers.
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Outline Planning Application, Daresbury Rapid Health Impact Assessment Monitoring and Evaluation of the Potential Health Impacts
12 Monitoring and Evaluation of the Potential Health Impacts
12.1 Introduction
12.1.1 This Chapter identifies some useful indicators that could be used to monitor and evaluate the health impacts of the Outline Masterplan and Proposed Development.
12.1.2 In general, it is difficult to identify relevant monitoring indicators that are:
sensitive enough to detect the localised changes due to the implementation and operations phases of the development; and
routinely (i.e. already) collected or easy to collect. 12.1.3 Table 12.1 therefore identifies:
some routine indicators that are likely to detect long term large local changes and some non-routine health and wellbeing indicators that are reasonably sensitive enough to highlight local trends in health and wellbeing impacts and the potential for continuing or additional negative health and wellbeing impacts; and
which organisations should be involved alongside Redrow.
12.1.4 These indicators are likely to require financial, time and staff resources to collect. Who and how funding will be provided for monitoring will be the subject of further discussion between Redrow and Halton Borough Council.
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12.1 Monitoring and evaluation
Indicator Phase Data collected Organisations That Should Be Involved
Residents’ complaints about nuisance/annoyance and Construction Number, frequency and geographical distribution of complaints Redrow perceived danger from construction works across the area Halton Borough Council Number of satisfactory resolutions of complaints
Residents’ complaints about disruption to access to bus Construction Number, frequency and geographical distribution of complaints Bus Service Operators services. across the area Redrow Number of satisfactory resolutions of complaints Halton Borough Council
Employment Construction Number of local contractors/residents taking on construction jobs Redrow Halton Borough Council
Crime and anti-social behaviour statistics Construction Number of crime/graffiti/vandalism/incivilities/anti-social behaviour Police incidents in the Proposed Development Operation Redrow Halton Borough Council
Road traffic incidents Construction Number of road traffic incidents, injuries and fatalities in during the Highways Agency construction phase and first three years of the operation phase Operation Police Redrow Halton Borough Council
Greenery and litter Operation Level of cleanliness and maintenance of greenspace Redrow Halton Borough Council
Foot and cycle path Construction Use and satisfaction with new foot and cycle paths Redrow Operation Halton Borough Council
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Indicator Phase Data collected Organisations That Should Be Involved
Household surveys Operation Satisfaction with the Proposed Development Redrow Halton Borough Council
Employment Operation Number of local jobs created in the local centre and new Redrow employment area and proportion of jobs filled by new local residents and residents of Halton Halton Borough Council
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Outline Planning Application, Daresbury Rapid Health Impact Assessment Conclusion
13 Conclusion
13.1.1 The Proposed Development is for a mixed-used development comprising: up to 550 residential dwellings; up to 15,000sqm of employment floorspace (Use Classes B1); new local centre (Use Class A1); provision of new infrastructure including a new junction onto A558 Daresbury Expressway; and details of access (matters relating to landscaping, appearance, layout and scale are reserved for later determination).
13.1.2 Overall, the Proposed Development is likely to have a moderate to major positive health and wellbeing impact on new residents and existing residents and workers in the area depending on how they use the retail, employment and community and open/greenspace amenities present in the Proposed Development. ES.11 However, those living in the existing Proposed Development site currently and those living along the indicative route for the construction lorries (inside and outside the development site, particularly older people, children and young people, those with disabilities and those with young children) are potentially likely to be most adversely affected during the construction phase without mitigation measures being in place.
ES.12 The mitigation measures identified in this HIA and in the suite of assessments described in the Outline Application Environmental Statement are likely to minimise the potential negative health and wellbeing impacts and maximise the potential positive ones.
13.1.3 Close partnership working between Redrow, Halton Borough Council and Halton Clinical Commissioning Group, is likely to be key to enhancing the benefits of the development both for the new residents moving onto the proposed development and the existing residents and workers in the area. 13.1.4 It will be important to ensure on-going maintenance including that of street furniture, lighting and open and green spaces, to ensure that the positive benefits of the proposed development carry on into the long term.
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Outline Planning Application, Daresbury Rapid Health Impact Assessment Appendix A: Health Impact Matrix and Significance Levels and Criteria used to Analyse the Potential Health and Wellbeing Impacts
Appendix A: Health Impact Matrix and Significance Levels and Criteria used to Analyse the Potential Health and Wellbeing Impacts
A P P E N D I X
A
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Outline Planning Application, Daresbury Rapid Health Impact Assessment Appendix A: Health Impact Matrix and Significance Levels and Criteria used to Analyse the Potential Health and Wellbeing Impacts
Health Impact Matrix Template red = negative impact , amber = uncertain/mixed impact (could be +ve and/or –ve) , green = positive impact , white = ~ no impact
People affected Overall Chronic Physical Mental Jobs and Housing Transprt Educatn Crime & Health Shops Social Arts and Lifestyle Energy Land and diseases injury health economy and and and safety and social and retail capital leisure and daily and spatial incl and shelter cnnctvty learning care and routines waste pollution wllbeing services cmmnty cohesion
Existing residents living around the proposed development Existing workers working in the area
New residents living on the proposed development
Women
Men
Gender
Asian (Indian subcontinent)
Black
East Asian (Chinese etc.)
Mixed ethnicity
White (incl. Irish and European)
Ethnicity
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Outline Planning Application, Daresbury Rapid Health Impact Assessment Appendix A: Health Impact Matrix and Significance Levels and Criteria used to Analyse the Potential Health and Wellbeing Impacts
People affected Overall Chronic Physical Mental Jobs and Housing Transprt Educatn Crime & Health Shops Social Arts and Lifestyle Energy Land and diseases injury health economy and and and safety and social and retail capital leisure and daily and spatial incl and shelter cnnctvty learning care and routines waste pollution wllbeing services cmmnty cohesion
Older people
Children and young people
Age
Physical
Sensory
Learning
Mental health
Disability
Faith 1
Faith 2
Other
Faith
Unemployed people
People with long term limiting Other illnesses
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Outline Planning Application, Daresbury Rapid Health Impact Assessment Appendix A: Health Impact Matrix and Significance Levels and Criteria used to Analyse the Potential Health and Wellbeing Impacts
Definition of significance levels and criteria for analysing potential health and wellbeing impacts
Significance Level Criteria
Major +++/--- Health effects are categorised as a major positive if they prevent deaths/prolong lives, reduce/prevent the occurrence of acute or (positive or negative) chronic diseases or significantly enhance mental wellbeing would be a major positive. Health effects are categorised as a major negative if they could lead directly to deaths, acute or chronic diseases or mental ill health. The exposures tend to be of high intensity and/or long duration and/or over a wide geographical area and/or likely to affect a large number of people (e.g. over 500) and/or sensitive groups e.g. children/older people. They can affect either or both physical and mental health and either directly or through the wider determinants of health and wellbeing. They can be temporary or permanent in nature. These effects can be important local, district, regional and national considerations. Mitigation measures and detailed design work can reduce the level of negative effect though residual effects are likely to remain.
Moderate ++/-- Health effects are categorised as a moderate positive if they enhance mental wellbeing significantly and/or reduce exacerbations to (positive or negative) existing illness and reduce the occurrence of acute or chronic diseases.
Health effects are categorised as a moderate negative if the effects are long-term nuisance impacts, such smell and noise, or may lead to exacerbations of existing illness. The negative impacts may be nuisance/quality of life impacts which may affect physical and mental health either directly or through the wider determinants of health.
The exposures tend to be of moderate intensity and/or over a relatively localised area and/or of intermittent duration and/or likely to affect a moderate-large number of people e.g. between 100-500 or so and/or sensitive groups.
The cumulative effect of a set of moderate effects can lead to a major effect.
These effects can be important local, district and regional considerations.
Mitigation measures and detailed design work can reduce and in some/many cases remove the negative and enhance the positive effects though residual effects are likely to remain.
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Outline Planning Application, Daresbury Rapid Health Impact Assessment Appendix A: Health Impact Matrix and Significance Levels and Criteria used to Analyse the Potential Health and Wellbeing Impacts
Significance Level Criteria
Minor/Mild +/- Health effects are categorised as minor/mild whether, positive or negative, if they are generally lower level quality of life or wellbeing (positive or negative) impacts.
Increases or reductions in noise, odour, visual amenity, etc. are examples of such effects.
The exposures tend to be of low intensity and/or short/intermittent duration and/or over a small area and/or affect a small number of people e.g. less than 100 or so.
They can be permanent or temporary in nature.
These effects can be important local considerations.
Mitigation measures and detailed design work can reduce the negative and enhance the positive effects such that there are only some residual effects remaining.
Neutral/No Effect ~ No health effect or effects within the bounds of normal/accepted variation.
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