Women's Representation in Iowa
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Parting the Dark Money Sea: Exposing Politically Active Tax- Exempt Groups Through FEC-IRS Hybrid Enforcement
William & Mary Law Review Volume 57 (2015-2016) Issue 1 Article 7 10-2015 Parting the Dark Money Sea: Exposing Politically Active Tax- Exempt Groups Through FEC-IRS Hybrid Enforcement Carrie E. Miller Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.wm.edu/wmlr Part of the Election Law Commons, and the Tax Law Commons Repository Citation Carrie E. Miller, Parting the Dark Money Sea: Exposing Politically Active Tax-Exempt Groups Through FEC-IRS Hybrid Enforcement, 57 Wm. & Mary L. Rev. 341 (2015), https://scholarship.law.wm.edu/wmlr/vol57/iss1/7 Copyright c 2015 by the authors. This article is brought to you by the William & Mary Law School Scholarship Repository. https://scholarship.law.wm.edu/wmlr PARTING THE DARK MONEY SEA: EXPOSING POLITICALLY ACTIVE TAX-EXEMPT GROUPS THROUGH FEC-IRS HYBRID ENFORCEMENT TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ....................................... 343 I. TAX LAW AND ELECTION LAW FOUNDATIONS ............. 346 A. Internal Revenue Code Provisions ................... 347 1. Section 501(c)(4) Social Welfare Organizations ...... 347 2. Section 527 Political Organizations ............... 349 B. Campaign Finance Doctrinal Framework ............ 350 1. Statutory Basis and Underlying Values ............ 350 2. Evolving Case Law ............................. 351 II. ESCALATING POLITICAL ACTIVITY OF TAX -E XEMPT SOCIAL WELFARE ORGANIZATIONS : WHERE TAX LAW AND ELECTION LAW INTERSECT ........................... 354 A. IRS Treatment of Political Activity .................. 355 1. Conflicting Threshold Standards ................. 355 2. Vague Definitional Problem ...................... 357 B. Section 501(c)(4) Organizations Have Emerged as the Preferred Campaign Finance Vehicle ................ 359 1. Increased Independent Expenditures .............. 360 2. Relaxed Reporting Provisions .................... 363 3. The Coordination Problem ....................... 367 C. Deregulation’s Impact on Values that Support Campaign Finance Restrictions ................... -
2006 Primary Election, Official Results
JUNE 6, 2006 2006 PRIMARY ELECTION OFFICIAL RESULTS United States Representative District 1 - Democrat BRUCE BRALEY RICK DICKINSON BILL GLUBA DENNY HEATH Scattering Totals Black Hawk 4223 919 855 213 8 6218 Bremer 502 239 199 35 1 976 Buchanan 577 329 362 54 0 1322 Butler 236 92 107 24 2 461 Clayton 319 385 238 53 1 996 Clinton 453 569 407 277 2 1708 Delaware 204 168 193 15 0 580 Dubuque 1074 4531 1723 119 4 7451 Fayette 363 352 231 66 1 1013 Jackson 190 1740 213 37 0 2180 Jones 262 209 309 26 1 807 Scott 2086 438 2616 242 3 5385 Total 10489 9971 7453 1161 23 29097 United States Representative District 1 - Republican BILL DIX BRIAN KENNEDY MIKE WHALEN Scattering Totals Black Hawk 1815 629 1581 1 4026 Bremer 1182 83 212 1 1478 Buchanan 346 131 327 0 804 Butler 1468 100 177 0 1745 Clayton 297 104 250 0 651 Clinton 347 180 747 1 1275 Delaware 241 104 228 0 573 Dubuque 630 448 810 3 1891 Fayette 371 85 349 0 805 Jackson 105 56 243 0 404 Jones 176 77 279 0 532 Scott 1505 1175 5774 16 8470 Total 8483 3172 10977 22 22654 JUNE 6, 2006 2006 PRIMARY ELECTION OFFICIAL RESULTS United States Representative District 2 - Democrat DAVE LOEBSACK WRITE-IN Scattering Totals Appanoose 2 1 3 Cedar 11 13 24 Davis 0 9 9 Des Moines 0 114 114 Henry 0 18 18 Jefferson 26 16 42 Johnson 235 341 576 Lee 6 46 52 Linn 195 258 453 Louisa 0 6 6 Muscatine 20 21 41 Van Buren 0 6 6 Wapello 0 78 78 Washington 12 8 20 Wayne 0 1 1 Total 501 936 1437 United States Representative District 2 - Republican JAMES A. -
The Evolution of the Digital Political Advertising Network
PLATFORMS AND OUTSIDERS IN PARTY NETWORKS: THE EVOLUTION OF THE DIGITAL POLITICAL ADVERTISING NETWORK Bridget Barrett A thesis submitted to the faculty at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts at the Hussman School of Journalism and Media. Chapel Hill 2020 Approved by: Daniel Kreiss Adam Saffer Adam Sheingate © 2020 Bridget Barrett ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii ABSTRACT Bridget Barrett: Platforms and Outsiders in Party Networks: The Evolution of the Digital Political Advertising Network (Under the direction of Daniel Kreiss) Scholars seldom examine the companies that campaigns hire to run digital advertising. This thesis presents the first network analysis of relationships between federal political committees (n = 2,077) and the companies they hired for electoral digital political advertising services (n = 1,034) across 13 years (2003–2016) and three election cycles (2008, 2012, and 2016). The network expanded from 333 nodes in 2008 to 2,202 nodes in 2016. In 2012 and 2016, Facebook and Google had the highest normalized betweenness centrality (.34 and .27 in 2012 and .55 and .24 in 2016 respectively). Given their positions in the network, Facebook and Google should be considered consequential members of party networks. Of advertising agencies hired in the 2016 electoral cycle, 23% had no declared political specialization and were hired disproportionately by non-incumbents. The thesis argues their motivations may not be as well-aligned with party goals as those of established political professionals. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES .................................................................................................................... V POLITICAL CONSULTING AND PARTY NETWORKS ............................................................................... -
Winner List Secretary of State
State of Iowa Tuesday, November 28, 2006 (11:13 AM) Chet Culver Winner List Secretary Of State ELECTION: 2006 General Election (11/07/2006) OFFICE: United States Representative District 1 Name Address Party Email/URL Phone Filed Date BRUCE BRALEY 247 SHERIDAN ROAD Democrat campaign@ 319-233-0861 03/13/2006 WATERLOO IA 50701 brucebraley.com OFFICE: United States Representative District 2 Name Address Party Email/URL Phone Filed Date DAVE LOEBSACK 610 3RD AVE NORTH Democrat dave@ 319-351-3283 06/08/2006 MT VERNON IA 52314 loebackforcongres s.org OFFICE: United States Representative District 3 Name Address Party Email/URL Phone Filed Date LEONARD L. BOSWELL 4323 GRAND AVENUE, NO. 433 Democrat 03/14/2006 DES MOINES IA 50312 OFFICE: United States Representative District 4 Name Address Party Email/URL Phone Filed Date TOM LATHAM 178 - 180TH STREET Republican 03/15/2006 ALEXANDER IA 50420 OFFICE: United States Representative District 5 Name Address Party Email/URL Phone Filed Date STEVE KING 3897 ESTHER AVENUE Republican king@ 712-273-5097 03/17/2006 KIRON IA 51448 kingforcongress. com OFFICE: Secretary of State Name Address Party Email/URL Phone Filed Date MICHAEL A. MAURO 4325 SW 31ST ST. Democrat michael@ 515-971-8125 03/13/2006 DES MOINES IA 50321 michaelmauro.org OFFICE: Auditor of State Name Address Party Email/URL Phone Filed Date DAVID A. VAUDT 1715 SOUTH 42ND STREET Republican 03/16/2006 WEST DES MOINES IA 50265 OFFICE: Treasurer of State Name Address Party Email/URL Phone Filed Date MICHAEL L. FITZGERALD 5700 DAKOTA DRIVE Democrat 515-226-0926 03/02/2006 WEST DES MOINES IA 50266 OFFICE: Secretary of Agriculture Name Address Party Email/URL Phone Filed Date BILL NORTHEY 2868 140TH STREET Republican bill@billnorthey. -
Republican Party
Official Ballot - Primary Election ATTEST: June 3, 2014 JOEL D. MILLERR County of Linn, State of Iowa LINN COUNTY AUDITORUDITOR ANDA Pct. Off. Initials COMMISSIONERR OF ELECTELECTIONS Republican Party Instructions: To vote, blacken the oval to the left of your choice completely. To cast a write-in vote, yoyou MUST blacken the oval completely AND write the name of your candidate on the line provided. Federal Offices State Offices Countynty OfficOffices For United States Senator For Governor For Linn County Treasurersurer (Vote for no more than one) (Vote for no more than one) (Vote for no more than one) Sam Clovis Terry E. Branstad (Write-in vote, if any) Joni Ernst Tom Hoefling For Linn County RecorderRecord E (Votete for no more than one) Mark Jacobs (Write-in vote,e, if any) Scott Schaben For Secretary of StatState (Write-inrite-in vote,v if any) (Vote for no more than one) Matt Whitaker For Linn County Attorney (Vote for no more than one) Paul D. Pate (Write-in vote, if any) LLE For United States (Write-in vote,vot if any) (Write-in vote, if any) Representative District 1 (Vote for no more than one) For Auditorditor of State (Vote for noo more than one) Rod Blum Maryy Mosiman Gail E. Boliver (Write-in vote, if any) PLPPLE Steve Rathje For Treasurer of StState (Vote for no more than oneone) (Write-in vote, if any) (Write-in(W vote, if any) For SecretarySecreta of Agriculture (Vote forr no more than one) BillB Northey (Write-inMMP vote, if any) For Attorney General (Vote for no more than one) (Write-in vote, if any) For State Senator District 33 AMAMPA(Vote for no more than one) (Write-in vote, if any) For State Representative District 66 (Vote for no more than one) SAMPS (Write-in vote, if any) FRONT Card 2 SEQ# 1 Official Ballot - Primary Election ATTEST: June 3, 2014 JOEL D. -
Welcome to the Pre-Election Briefing Webinar
Pre-Election Briefing WELCOME Kate Gainer, PharmD Executive Vice President & CEO Iowa Pharmacy Association IPA Pre-Election Briefing Webinar Bill Wimmer, JD & Angela Davis, JD IPA’s Legal and Legislative Consultant Wasker, Dorr, Wimmer & Marcouiller, P.C. Topics • Elections – Federal • Congressional – State • Gubernatorial • Senate • House of Representatives • Importance of advocacy Elections • Federal – Congressional • State – Gubernatorial – Senate – House of Representatives US Congress Congress Current Configuration House of Representatives Senate – Democrats: 199 – Democrats: 53 – Republicans: 233 – Republicans: 45 – Independents: 2 http://clerk.house.gov/member_info/cong.aspxs http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/113th_United_States_Congress State Legislature Current Configuration Senate House of Representatives – – Democrats: 26 Democrats: 47 – – Republicans: 24 Republicans: 53 http://www.statescape.com/resources/partysplits/partysplits.aspx http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iowa_General_Assembly US Senate: Current Senators Tom Harkin Chuck Grassley Term ends: 2015 Term ends: 2017 http://ballotpedia.org/United_States_Senate_elections_in_Iowa,_2014#Candid ates US Senate: General Election Candidates Bruce Braley Joni Ernst http://ballotpedia.org/United_States_Senate_elections_in_Iowa,_2014#Candid ates Iowa Congressional Districts US House of Representatives: General Election Candidates 1st Congressional District Rod Blum Pat Murphy http://ballotpedia.org/United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_I owa,_2014 US House of Representatives: -
Auto Safety: Existing Mandates and Emerging Issues Hearing
AUTO SAFETY: EXISTING MANDATES AND EMERGING ISSUES HEARING BEFORE THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON COMMERCE, TRADE, AND CONSUMER PROTECTION OF THE COMMITTEE ON ENERGY AND COMMERCE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ONE HUNDRED ELEVENTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION MAY 18, 2009 Serial No. 111–40 ( Printed for the use of the Committee on Energy and Commerce energycommerce.house.gov U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 72–888 WASHINGTON : 2011 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512–1800; DC area (202) 512–1800 Fax: (202) 512–2104 Mail: Stop IDCC, Washington, DC 20402–0001 VerDate Mar 15 2010 08:00 May 25, 2012 Jkt 072888 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 5011 Sfmt 5011 E:\HR\OC\A888.XXX A888 emcdonald on DSK29S0YB1PROD with HEARING COMMITTEE ON ENERGY AND COMMERCE HENRY A. WAXMAN, California, Chairman JOHN D. DINGELL, Michigan JOE BARTON, Texas Chairman Emeritus Ranking Member EDWARD J. MARKEY, Massachusetts RALPH M. HALL, Texas RICK BOUCHER, Virginia FRED UPTON, Michigan FRANK PALLONE, JR., New Jersey CLIFF STEARNS, Florida BART GORDON, Tennessee NATHAN DEAL, Georgia BOBBY L. RUSH, Illinois ED WHITFIELD, Kentucky ANNA G. ESHOO, California JOHN SHIMKUS, Illinois BART STUPAK, Michigan JOHN B. SHADEGG, Arizona ELIOT L. ENGEL, New York ROY BLUNT, Missouri GENE GREEN, Texas STEVE BUYER, Indiana DIANA DEGETTE, Colorado GEORGE RADANOVICH, California Vice Chairman JOSEPH R. PITTS, Pennsylvania LOIS CAPPS, California MARY BONO MACK, California MICHAEL F. DOYLE, Pennsylvania GREG WALDEN, Oregon JANE HARMAN, California LEE TERRY, Nebraska TOM ALLEN, Maine MIKE ROGERS, Michigan JAN SCHAKOWSKY, Illinois SUE WILKINS MYRICK, North Carolina HILDA L. -
AMO Headquarters Opens for Business
Volume 41, Number 6 June 2011 AMO Headquarters opens for business Among those attending the grand opening of American Maritime Officers Headquarters Tuesday, June 7 in Dania Beach, Fla., were (left to right) AMO Secretary-Treasurer José Leonard, Seafarers International Union President Michael Sacco, U.S. Maritime Administrator David Matsuda, Congressman Allen The plaque dedicating the American Maritime Officers Headquarters to the mem- West (R-FL), Commander of Military Sealift Command Rear Adm. Mark Buzby, bership of AMO was unveiled following the first monthly membership meeting held AMO National President Tom Bethel, Dania Beach City Commissioner Walter June 6 at AMO Headquarters at 601 S. Federal Highway in Dania Beach, Fla., Duke, Seventh District Coast Guard Commander Rear Adm. William across the street from the AMO Plans and STAR Center campus at 2 West Dixie Baumgartner and AMOS President and American Maritime Officers Plans Co- Highway. The plaque reads: “HEADQUARTERS - Dedicated with admiration, Chairman Anthony Naccarato. The Congressional, military, labor, industry and respect and gratitude to the men and women of - AMERICAN MARITIME OFFI- government leaders each made a presentation during the grand opening cere- CERS - The nation’s largest union of merchant marine officers - June 6, 2011 - We mony commending the seagoing membership of AMO, the union's leadership pledge ourselves to a level of service equal to the standards of excellence set and its service to the nation's commerce, defense and security. Union offices each day by the finest licensed seagoing professionals in the world.” were moved to the new building the same week. More coverage of the grand opening of American Maritime Officers Headquarters will be featured in the July edition of American Maritime Officer. -
Communicating with Congress
ONCE A SOLDIER... ALWAYS A SOLDIER Acknowledgment AUSA is grateful to the many Senators and Representatives and their staffs who gave their full cooperation in providing materials for this book. We appreciate the shared photos and memories of their service. We are especially grateful that they continue to care about Soldiers of the United States Army. ONCE A SOLDIER... ALWAYS A SOLDIER Soldiers in the 113th Congress Association of the United States Army Arlington, Virginia Once a Soldier... Dedication Dedicated to the Soldiers who have served in Congress, from the 1st through the 113th. Copyright © 2013 Association of the United States Army All Rights Reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permis- sion from the Association of the United States Army in writing. Published 2013 Association of the United States Army 2425 Wilson Boulevard, Arlington, Virginia 22201 www.ausa.org Manufactured in the USA Eighth Edition Always a Soldier Contents Foreword by Hal Nelson, Brigadier General, USA (Ret) ..................vii Preface by Gordon R. Sullivan, General, USA (Ret), President, Association of the United States Army and former Chief of Staff, United States Army ........................................xi Introduction................................................................................1 Soldiers in the Senate .............................................................3 -
Turn the Ballot Over
Official Ballot - General Election ATTEST: November 6, 2012 Pct. Off. Initials CR01 River of Life Ministries County of Linn, State of Iowa JOEL D. MILLER LINN COUNTY COMMISSIONER OF ELECTIONS Instructions: To vote, completely fill in the oval to the left of your choice. To cast a write-in vote, you MUST completely fill in the oval AND write the name of your candidate on the line provided. Straight Party Instructions: To vote for all candidates from a single party, mark the oval to the left of the party name. Not all parties have nominated candidates for all offices. Marking a straight party vote does NOT include votes for nonpartisan offices, judges or questions. Where to find Judges: Judges are on the back of the ballot in the left two columns. Partisan Offices Federal Offices (continued) Nonpartisan Offices Straight Party Voting For United States For Soil and Water Conservation (Vote for no more than one) Representative District 1 District Commissioner (Vote for no more than one) (Vote for no more than three) Democratic DEM Bruce Braley DEM Larry Jons Republican REP Ben Lange REP Laura Krouse Other Political Organizations Gregory Hughes NBP Sue Ellen M. Hosch The following organizations have nominated candidates for only one office. George Todd Krail II NBP Constitution Party (CON) (Write-in vote, if any) Iowa Green Party (GRN) (Write-in vote, if any) (Write-in vote, if any) Libertarian Party (LIB) State Offices Party for Socialism and Liberation (PSL) (Write-in vote, if any) Socialist Workers Party (SWP) For State Representative District 66 For County Agricultural Note: NBP = Nominated By Petition (Vote for no more than one) Extension Council Federal Offices (Vote for no more than four) For President and Vice President Art Staed DEM Jerry A. -
Obama Approval Drops to New Low in Iowa, Quinnipiac University Poll Finds; Braley, Whitaker Close in Senate Race
Peter Brown, Assistant Director, Quinnipiac University Polling Institute (203) 535-6203 Rubenstein Associates, Inc. Public Relations Contact: Pat Smith (212) 843-8026 FOR RELEASE: DECEMBER 18, 2013 OBAMA APPROVAL DROPS TO NEW LOW IN IOWA, QUINNIPIAC UNIVERSITY POLL FINDS; BRALEY, WHITAKER CLOSE IN SENATE RACE President Barack Obama gets a negative 38 – 59 percent job approval rating among Iowa voters, according to a poll released today, his lowest score in the state and one of his lowest in any state or national survey conducted by Quinnipiac University. This compares to a negative 41 – 55 percent approval rating in a July 22 survey by the independent Quinnipiac (KWIN-uh-pe-ack) University. President Obama gets negative scores of 30 – 67 percent among men, 45 – 51 percent among women, 7 – 93 percent among Republicans and 31 – 62 percent among independent voters. Democrats approve 82 – 15 percent. Looking at the 2014 U.S. Senate race, 29 percent see their vote as a vote against Obama, while 14 percent say it is a vote for Obama and 54 percent say Obama is not much of a factor. In the 2014 Senate race, U.S. Rep. Bruce Braley, the Democrat, gets 43 percent, while U.S. Attorney Matt Whitaker, the Republican, gets 40 percent. Braley tops other possible Republican contenders: 44 – 38 percent over State Sen. Joni Ernst; 46 – 37 percent over businessman Mark Jacobs; 44 – 36 percent over former U.S. Senate aide David Young; 45 – 34 percent over radio commentator Sam Clovis; 46 – 40 percent over political activist Bob Vander Plaats. “President Barack Obama twice carried Iowa and it was the Iowa Caucuses which began his march to the presidency, but if he were on the ballot here today he would be toast,” said Peter A. -
After Citizens United
After Citizens United A Look into the Pro-Corporate Players in American Politics The Supreme Court’s 5-4 ruling in Citizens United v. FEC decided that the First Amendment right of free speech should apply with little distinction to both individuals and corporations. Since Buckley v. Valeo established money as a form of speech, the Court’s decision allows for corporations to donate unrestricted funds from their general treasuries to political organizations, effectively overturning decades of state and federal campaign finance laws. Fearing effects of greater corporate influence in American public life, Justice Stevens in his dissenting opinion warned that corporations can “amass and deploy financial resources on a scale few natural persons can match,” and are not “themselves members of ‘We the People’ by whom and for whom our Constitution was established.” Although corporations now have a constitutional right to contribute money to independent expenditure groups, these groups are not bound to publicly disclose the sources of their funding. Even though the majority opinion in Citizens United actually upheld Congress’s right to enact disclosure laws, claiming that such “transparency enables the electorate to make informed decisions” without “impos[ing] a chill on speech or expression,” 501 (c)4 and (c)6 organizations that do not disclose their financial backers are increasingly engaging in political work. While we do not know who is funding such organizations, we do know that the groups playing a larger role in the 2010 elections are overwhelmingly backing right-wing candidates. According to TIME¸ pro-Republican groups could spend as much as $300 million for the 2010 election.