Characters and character states for “Motile cell”

Location code / cell type ZO, zoospore

Flagellum 1. Number of flagella

0, none (i.e., , : - Hyaloraphidium curvatum)

1, one (i.e., Chytridiomycota, )

2, multiple (i.e., )

2. Electron-opaque plug in axoneme core and between axoneme and flagellar membrane

0, absent

1, present (i.e., Chytridiomycota: Chytridiomycetes: , Lobulomycetales, Cladochytriales, incertae sedis: endobioticum, Polychytrium clade; )

3. coating

0, absent (all taxa except Polyphagus euglenae)

1, present (Polyphagus euglenae)

Kinetosome (the term “basal body” is synonymous; Andersen et al. 1991)

4. Electron-opaque core in kinetosome 0, absent (all taxa except )

1, present (Chytridiomycota: Chytridiomycetes: - Kappamyces)

5. Scalloped ring within kinetosome, extensions of the A, B, or C microtubule 0, absent

1, present (Lacustromyces hiemalis)

Kinetosome-associated structures 6. Kinetosome support

0, absent (Thalassochytrium gracilaripsidis)

1, kinetosome props

2, broken kinetosome props ( radicale)

3, skirt-like structure surrounding kinetosome (Neocallimastigomycota)

7. Kinetosome-associated plates

0, absent 1, present (Chytridiomycota: Chytridiomycetes: Chytridiales- Group I- type zoospore [Barr 1980])

8. Kinetosome-associated saddle

0, absent

1, present (Chytridiomycota: Chytridiomycetes: Chytridiales- Group II-type zoospore [Barr 1980]- olla, C. lagenaria, Phlyctochytrium planicorne, Polyphlyctis unispina)

9. Kinetosome-associated shield

0, absent 1, present (Chytridiomycota: Chytridiomycetes: Rhizophydiales: Rhizophlyctis harderi, Coralloidiomyces digitatus)

10. Kinetosome-associated spur

0, absent

1, present (Chytridiomycota: Chytridiomycetes: Rhizophydiales- Rhizophydium, Boothiomyces, Terramyces; - Spizellomyces, Kochiomyces, Triparticalcar)

11. Kinetosome-associated straited disc

0, absent

1, present (Chytridiomycota: Monoblepharidomycetes)

12. Primary microtubule root 0, absent

1, 2-5 laterally-oriented, parallel, stacked microtubules arising from side of kinetosome (i.e., Chytridiomycota: Chytridiomycetes: Rhizophydiales: Alphamyces, Aquamyces, Globomyces, Urceomyces, Gorgonomyces, Pateramyces, Protrudomyces, Rhizophydium, Terramyces, Coralloidiomyces)

2, approx. 6-7 laterally-oriented, parallel, bundled microtubules arising from side of kinetosome (i.e., Chytridiomycota: Chytridiomycetes: Chytridiales)

3, more than 20 laterally-oriented, parallel, bundled microtubules with linkers between them, arising from side of kinetosome (Chytridiomycota: Chytridiomycetes: Cladochytriales)

4, multiple microtubules extending anteriorly from kinetosome, parallel to kinetosome triplets (Chytridiomycota: Chytridiomycetes: Rhizophydiales- Batrachochytrium)

5, microtubules in cone arising from a spur at the anterior end of kinetosome (i.e., Chytridiomycota: Chytridiomycetes: Spizellomycetales- Spizellomyces)

6, microtubules extending anteriorly without regular arrangement from spur on kinetosome (Chytridiomycota: Chytridiomycetes: Spizellomycetales- Kochiomyces)

7, microtubules in cone arising from a double bar at the anterior end of kinetosome (Chytridiomycota: Chytridiomycetes: Spizellomycetales- )

8, microtubules in cone arising from two concave discs at the anterior end of kinetosome (Chytridiomycota: Chytridiomycetes: Spizellomycetales- Powellomyces)

9. microtubules extending parallel and anteriorly from the kinetosome and adjacent to an elongated tripartite spur (Chytridiomycota: Chytridiomycetes: Spizellomycetales- Triparticalcar)

10, root of two parts: a striated disk extending part way around kinetosome, and microtubules extending anteriorly from kinetosome; (Chytridiomycota: Monoblepharidomycetes)

11, up to 27 microtubules in groups of 3 extending anteriorly from kinetosome (Blastocladiomycota)

12, multiple microtubules emanating from spurs on multiple kinetosomes

13. Primary microtubule root absolute configuration

0, absent 1, 20 degrees left

2, 10 degrees right

3, 50 degrees left

14. Striated rhizoplast between kinetosome and nucleus

0, absent 1, present (i.e., Chytridiomycota: Chytridiomycetes: Rhizophlyctidales- Rhizophlyctis rosea, Sonoraphlyctis ranzonii ; incertae sedis: Caulochytrium protostelioides, )

Non-flagellated centriole (NfC)

15. Non-flagellated centriole (non-functional centriole, non-functional basal body, and non-functional kinetosome are synonyms; see Andersen et al. 1991) 0, absent (Thalassochytrium gracilariopsidis)

1, parallel to kinetosome (i.e., Chytridiomycota: Chytridiomycetes: Chytridiales, Lobulomycetales, Cladochytriales, most Rhizophydiales; Monoblepharidomycetes; incertae sedis: Polyphagus euglenae)

2, oblique to kinetosome (i.e., Chytridiomycota: Chytridiomycetes: most Spizellomycetales; Incertae sedis: Synchytrium macrosporum; Caulochytrium protostelioides)

3, at right angle to kinetosome

16. Length of non-flagellated centriole (NfC) compared to length of kinetosome (K)

0, NfC< K (i.e., Chytridiomycota: Monoblepharidomycetes; Chytridiomycetes: Rhizophydiales- Kappamyces; Chytridiales)

1, NfC = K

2, NfC > K (i.e., Chytridiomycota: Chytridiomycetes: Polychytrium clade- Lacustromyces hiemalis)

17. Kinetosome-NfC fibrillar bridge 0, absent

1, fibers perpendicular to NfC and K

2, fibers parallel to NfC and K

18. Non-flagellated centriole-associated veil 0, absent

1, present (i.e., Chytridiomycota: Chytridiomycetes- Chytridiales)

Other cell features

19. Paracrystalline inclusion

0, absent

1, present (Chytridiomycota: Chytridiomycetes- Chytridiales; Polychytrium clade.

20. Ribosome organization 0, scattered ribosomes (i.e., Chytridiomycota: Chytridiomycetes: incertae sedis: Synchytrium macrosporum, Caulochytrium protostelioides; Spizellomycetales; Rhizophlyctidales: Rhizophlyctis rosea, Sonoraphlyctis ranzonii)

1, core area of compacted ribosomes partially or completely enclosed by endoplasmic reticulum (i.e., Chytridiomycota: Chytridiomycetes: Chytridiales, Rhizophydiales, Cladochytriales, Lobulomycetales; incertae sedis: Polyphagus euglenae; Monoblepharidomycetes)

2, aggregated as a nuclear cap (Blastocladiomycota)

3, loosely enclosed by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and surrounding nucleus (i.e., Chytridiomycota: Chytridiomycetes: Rhizophlyctidales: Arizonaphlyctis, Borealophlyctis)

21. Mitochondrion

0, absent (hydrogenosomes: Neocallimastigomycota)

1, single

2, multiple

22. Cisterna

0, absent (i.e., Chytridiomycota: Chytridiomycetes: Rhizophydiales- Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis)

1, simple

2, fenestrated (i.e., Chytridiomycota: Chytridiomycetes: Chytridiales; Rhizophydiales: Alphamyces, Aquamyces, Globomyces, Urceomyces, Gorgonomyces, Pateramyces, Protrudomyces, Rhizophydium, Terramyces, Coralloidiomyces; Cladochytriales; Synchytrium macrosporum; incertae sedis: Polyphagus euglenae; Monoblepharidomycetes [“rumposome”; Fuller 1966])

3, annular (Chytridiomycota: Monoblepharidomycetes)

23. Paraxonemal structure

0, absent

1, present (Chytridiomycota: Monoblepharidomycetes- Gonapodya polymorpha), as paraxonemal rods; see Andersen et al. 1991.

24. Water expulsion vacuole

0, absent; (Chytridiomycota: Chytridiomycetes- Chytridiales) 1, present (Chytridiomycota: Chytridiomycetes- Spizellomycetales; Monoblepharidomycetes; Caulochytrium protostelioides)

25. Golgi apparatus morphology 0, stacked cisternae (i.e., Chytridiomycota; Blastocladiomycota- )

1, absence of stacked cisternae (all Blastocladiomycota except Physoderma)

26. Golgi apparatus location

0, absent 1, associated with flagellar rootlet (i.e., Chytridiomycota: Chytridiomycetes- Chytridiales)

2, not associated with flagellar rootlet

27. Relationship of microbodies to lipid(s) or nucleus

0, microbody (arrows) associated with a single lipid (i.e., Chytridiomycota: Chytridiomycetes- Chytridiales, Cladochytriales, Lobulomycetales, Rhizophydiales)

1,microbody associated with multiple lipids (i.e., Chytridiomycota: Chytridiomycetes- Spizellomycetales, Rhizophlyctidales, Rhizophydiales: Batrachochytrium; incertae sedis: Caulochytrium protostelioides)

2. microbody associated with nucleus (i.e., Chytridiomycota: Chytridiomycetes: Rhizophlyctidales: Rhizophlyctis rosea, Sonoraphlyctis ranzonii)

28. Location of cisterna to lipid(s) 0, Adjacent to lipids (i.e., Chytridiomycota: Chytridiomycetes: Chytridiales)

1, Backs microbody (Blastocladiomycota)

2, Fenestrated cisternae (rumposome) backed by microbody (Chytridiomycota: Monoblepharidomycetes; Fuller 1966)

3, absent (i.e., Chytridiomycota: Chytridiomycetes: Rhizophydiales: Batrachochytrium; Polychytriumclade: Lacustromyces hiemalis; Spizellomycetales)

29. Location of mitochondria

0, outside ribosomal core

1, within ribosomal core

2, scattered in cytoplasm

30. Nuclear heel

0, absent

1, present

31. Nuclear location 0, distal to kinetosome

1, proximal to kinetosome

2, connected to kinetosome

32. Posterior dome composed of peripheral granules and array of megatubules

0, absent

1, present (Neocallimastigomycota)

References associated with character state illustrations: Andersen RA, Barr DJS, Lynn DH, Melkonian M, Moestrup Ø, Sleigh MA. 1991. Terminology and nomenclature of the cytoskeletal elements associated with the flagellar/ciliary apparatus in protists. Protoplasma 164: 1-8. Barr DJS. 1980. An outline for the reclassification of the Chytridiales, and for a new order, the Spizellomycetales. Canadian Journal of Botany 58: 2380-2394. Barr DJS, DéSaulniers NL. 1988. Precise configuration of the chytrid zoospore. Canadian Journal of Botany 66: 869-876. Barr DJS, Hadland-Hartmann VE. 1978. The flagellar apparatus in the Chytridiales. Canadian Journal of Botany 56: 887-900. Chong J, Barr DJS. 1974. Ultrastructure of the zoospores of confervae-glomeratae, Rhizophydium patellarium and Catenaria anguillulae. Canadian Journal of Botany 52: 1197-1204. Fuller MS. 1966. Structure of the uniflagellate zoospore of aquatic . Proceedings of the Symposium of the Colston Research Society 18: 67-84. Heath IB, Bauchop T, Skipp RA. 1983. Assignment of the rumen anaerobe Neocallimastix frontalis to the Spizellomycetales (Chytridiomycetes) on the basis of its polyflagellate zoospore ultrastructure. Canadian Journal of Botany 61: 295- 307. Letcher PM, Powell MJ. 2005. Kappamyces, a new in the Chytridiales. Nova Hedwigia 80: 115-133. Letcher PM, Powell MJ, Chambers JG, Longcore JE, Churchill PF, Harris PM. 2005. Ultrastructural and molecular delineation of the Chytridiaceae (Chytridiales). Canadian Journal of Botany 82: 1561-1573. Letcher PM, Powell MJ, Churchill PF, Chambers JG. 2006. Ultrastructural and molecular phylogenetic delineation of a new order, the Rhizophydiales (Chytridiomycota). Mycological Research 110: 898-915. Letcher PM, Powell MJ, Barr DJS, Churchill PF, Wakefield WS, Picard KT. 2008a. Rhizophlyctidales- a new order in Chytridiomycota. Mycological Research 112: 1031-1048. Letcher PM, Powell MJ, Viusent MC. 2008b. Rediscovery of an unusual chytridiaceous new to the order Rhizophydiales. Mycologia 100: 325-334. Letcher PM, Vélez CG, Barrantes ME, Powell MJ, Churchill PF, Wakefield WS. 2008c. Ultrastructural and molecular analyses of Rhizophydiales (Chytridiomycota) from North America and Argentina. Mycological Research 112: 759-782. Li J, Heath IB, Cheng K-J. 1991. The development and zoospore ultrastructure of a polycentric chytridiomycete gut fungus Orpinomyces joyonii comb. nov. Canadian Journal of Botany 69: 580-589. Longcore JE. 1993. Morphology and zoospore ultrastructure of Lacustromyces hiemalis gen. et sp. nov. (Chytridiales). Canadian Journal of Botany 71: 414-425. Longcore JE, Pessier AP, Nichols DK. 1999. Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis gen. et sp. nov., a chytrid pathogenic to amphibians. Mycologia 91: 219-227. Mollicone MRN, Longcore JE. 1994. Zoospore ultrastructure of Monoblepharis polymorpha. Mycologia 86: 615-625. Mollicone MRN, Longcore JE. 1999. Zoospore ultrastructure of Gonapodya polymorpha. Mycologia 91: 727-734. Mozley-Standridge SE, Letcher PM, Longcore JE, Porter D, Simmons DA. 2009. Cladochytriales- a new order in Chytridiomycota. Mycological Research 113: 498-507. Nyvall P, Pedersen M, Longcore JE. 1999. Thalassochytrium gracilariopsidis (Chytridiomycota), gen. et sp. nov., endosymbiotic in Gracilariopsis sp. (Rhodophyceae). Journal of Phycology 35: 176-185. Picard KT, Letcher PM, Powell MJ. 2009. Rhizidium phycophilum, a new species in Chytridiales. Mycologia 101: 696-706. Powell MJ. 1981. Ultrastructure of Polyphagus euglenae zoospores. CanadianJournal of Botany 59: 2049-2061. Ustinova I, Krienitz L, Huss VAR. 2000. Hyaloraphidium curvatum is not a green alga, but a lower fungus; Amoebidium parasiticum is not a fungus, but a member of DRIPs. Protist 151: 253-262. Vélez CG, Letcher PM, Schultz S, Powell MJ, Churchill PF. 2011. Molecular phylogenetic and zoospore ultrastructural analyses of Chytridium olla establish the limits of a monophyletic Chytridiales Mycologia. Mycologia 103: In press. Wakefield WS, Powell MJ, Letcher PM, Barr DJS, Churchill PF, Longcore JE,Chen S-F. 2010. A molecular phylogenetic evaluation of the Spizellomycetales. Mycologia 102: 596-604.