Earth's Interior

11/7/2012

Please do the Audio Setup Wizard ! 11/7/12 Science Class Connect with Mrs. McFarland & Mr. Gluckin Earth’s Interior

Ohio Academic Content Standards Today’s Class Agenda • Review Ground Rules for Earth and Space Sciences Classes The Universe • Earth’s Stats 9. Describe the interior structure of Earth and the Earth’s crust as • Composition of the Earth divided into tectonic plates riding on top of the slow moving currents of magma in the mantle. – Crust/Mantle/Core 11. Use models to analyze the size and shape of Earth, its surface and • Structures of the Earth its interior (e.g. globes, topographic maps and satellite images). – Lithosphere/Asthenosphere • Lithospheric Plates The Study Island lesson is due by 4pm on Thursday: SI 2e • State of matter and heat Student Centered Objectives – Convection Currents I will be able to describe the layers on the inside of the Earth. • Reminders I will be able use images to look at the Earth’s interior by composition. • Today’s Slides I will understand the different physical properties of the Earth’s layers. • Exit Ticket • Your Questions

Ground rules Earth’s Stats • Please close all other apps & web pages. No Facebook, games, music, etc. • The Earth's mass is about 5.98 x 1024 kg. • No off‐topic chat • Be respectful of each other • Don’t share personal information • Earth is the densest planet in our Solar • I can see all chat … even “private chat” System (mass/volume).

• Earth is made of several layers with different compositions and physical properties, like temperature, density, and the viscosity (“aka” ability to flow).

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The Compositional Layers of the Earth The Earth can be divided into different Earth's compositional layers, from the outside to the center, layers based on various properties. are the crust, the mantle, and the core. The crust is the outermost, thinnest, least dense layer. Continental crust is made mostly of the rock granite and is thicker and less dense than oceanic crust. Oceanic crust is made mostly of the rock basalt. Overall, crustal rocks are rich in the elements silicon (Si) and oxygen (O).

This cross section shows that continental crust (grey area labeled as "1") is thicker than oceanic crust (black area labeled as "2").

The portion of the diagram labeled as "3" is part of the mantle. The blue area is ocean water.

The Compositional Layers of the Earth The Compositional Layers of the Earth

The core lies at Earth's center. The core is made mostly of The mantle is the hot, middle, thickest layer and accounts for iron and nickel, and it is the densest layer. most of the Earth's bulk. It is denser than the crust, but not as dense as the core. The density of the mantle increases with depth due to increasing pressure.

Like the layers of an apple Earth’s Layers

http://www.learner.org/interactives/dynamicearth/structure.html

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What is the inner most layer The Composition of the Earth: of the earth? The Crust

Earth’s Layers Rap song: A. Inner core http://www.youtube.com/watc h?v=HOd7PRJMkkQ B. Outer core The Earth's Crust is like the C. Mantle skin of an apple. It is very thin in comparison to the D. Crust other layers. The crust is only about 3‐5 miles (8 E. Asthenosphere kilometers) thick under the oceans (oceanic crust) and about 25 miles (32 kilometers) thick under the continents (continental crust).

The Composition of the Earth: The Mantle The Composition of the Earth: The Core

The Mantle is the largest The core of the Earth is layer of the Earth. The upper like a ball of very hot mantle is a hard shell. metals. Remember the The middle mantle is composed core is broken into to of very hot dense rock that layers when we look at flows like asphalt under a them based on their heavy weight. physical properties. The The movement of the mantle is outer core is so hot that the reason that the crustal plates of the Earth move. We the metals in it are all in will discuss this further as we the liquid state. The outer begin exploring the layers core is composed of the based on physical properies. melted metals of nickel and iron.

The Inner Core The Composition of the Earth Core •Pretty big. (6,856 km) The inner core of the •(Slightly bigger than Mars!) N Earth has •Broken down in to an inner and temperatures and outer core. pressures so great that •33% mass of the Earth the metals are •Scientists think…. squeezed together and are not able to •Made mostly of iron move about like a •Some nickel, sulfur, oxygen liquid, but are forced •What is the evidence? to vibrate in place like •The particular way seismic a solid. waves travel S •Earth’s Magnetic field

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What is the name of the layer of the What is the name of the layer of the Earth that is labeled with the letter Z? Earth that is labeled with the letter Z?

A. crust A. crust B. inner core B. inner core C. outer core C. outer core D. mantle D. mantle

The Structure of the Earth The Structure of the Earth

Mesosphere

The 5 Layers Based on Physical Properties The 5 Layers Based on Physical Properties

• Earth's physical layers, from the outside to the center, are the lithosphere, the • The asthenosphere is a less rigid layer directly underneath the lithosphere. It asthenosphere, the mesosphere, the outer core, and the inner core. consists entirely of mantle rock. Although it is solid, the asthenosphere is able to flow very slowly. This causes the rigid plates of the lithosphere on top to move • The lithosphere is the cold, brittle layer at Earth's surface. It is a solid layer that around. contains all of the crust and a very thin part of the mantle's top. Overall, the lithosphere is a stiff, rigid layer that is broken into large pieces called tectonic plates. These plates move around on top of the less rigid layer below them.

Overlap

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The 5 Layers Based on Physical Properties The 5 Layers Based on Physical Properties

• The mesosphere is a solid layer that accounts for the rest of the mantle below the • The outer core is the liquid, outer portion of the Earth's core. The slow, gradual asthenosphere. The mesosphere is stronger and denser than the asthenosphere. flow in the outer core produces the Earth's magnetic field.

The 5 Layers Based on Physical Properties The Lithosphere • The inner core is the solid, inner portion of the Earth's core. The crust and the upper layer of the mantle together make up a zone of rigid, brittle rock called the Lithosphere.

The Asthenosphere

The asthenosphere (“weak sphere”) is a soft, semi-rigid part The Lithospheric Plates of the middle mantle that flows like hot asphalt under a heavy weight. The asthenosphere is made of layer is like putty and it flows very slowly at about the rate your fingernail grows. It is on the asthenosphere that the pieces of the lithosphere (lithospheric plates) move.

Below the middle mantle is the lower mantle. This denser section makes up the mesosphere.

The crust of the Earth is broken into many pieces called lithospheric plates. The plates "float" on the soft, semi‐ rigid asthenosphere.

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Asthenosphere The Lithosphere Solid Viscous Layer Physical How HOT is it? Properties of the Earth Outer Core Liquid (continued) Mesosphere Solid

Inner Core Solid

Convection Currents Convection (continued) • Remember the mantle "flows" because of convection currents. • Convection (heat) currents When the convection currents – carry heat from the hot inner mantle to the cooler flow in the asthenosphere they outer mantle. also move the crust. The crust Please watch this (broken into pieces called 1 minute video: lithospheric plates) gets a free ride with these currents. • Convection currents are caused by the very hot material at the deepest part of the mantle rising, then cooling and sinking again --repeating this cycle over and over. – Mrs. Peterson will be doing a http://quietube2.com/v.php/http:/www.youtube.com/watch?v=ryrXAGY1 Virtual Lab on this concept on dmE&feature=related 11/15 at 9am! 

What is the outer most layer of the What is the outer most layer of the earth? earth?

A. Inner core A. Inner core B. Outer core B. Outer core C. Mantle C. Mantle D. Crust D. Crust

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Thank you for coming. Remember Science teachers Great Lakes Science Center will be out of their office tomorrow and will not be • WHEN: Wednesday, December 19th, 2012, 10:00am – 5:00pm teaching. Also Mrs. McFarland will begin teaching • WHERE: Great Lakes Science Center her students 11/12/12! • Address: 601 Erieside Avenue Cleveland, Ohio • Located at the foot of East 9th Street and the Shoreway (St. Rt. 2) between the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame and the new Browns Stadium. Look for the OMNIMAX® dome Remember a recording of this class will be on your daily plan, but also now on jLog. Learn more from the MS newsletter. • WHO: Maximum of 75 students, plus parents and siblings may attend the outing. To learn more about the Great Lakes Science Center visit their website at:

Upcoming Science Events: http://http://www.glsc.org/

Science Zone – cancelled Thursday 11/8. • HOW MUCH: $10 for general admission, OMNIMAX, and middle school science demonstration, plus your own packed lunch. Planetarium Field Trip in Bowling Green, November 8th is why the teachers will be out! Hope to see you there! • We need to pay as a group upon arrival so please bring EXACT cash, no checks or credit cards for the admission. Adults must supervise their students for the entire event. Great Lakes Science Center, Dec. 19th (See online events calendar, newsletter or the next slide for more info.) • IF YOU WANT TO ATTEND: RSVP Required by November 30th to [email protected] (Please include names of all persons attending and the grades of students in OHVA, space Study Island: New for this week 2e is limited) Need help on your science project? • More information is on the online events calendar: http://localendar.com/public/ohva

KMail me or come to science zone! • QUESTIONS? KMail or call Mrs. Fortin if you have any questions: 877‐648‐2512 ext. 4042

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