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Suatu Diajukan Untuk Memenuhi Salah Jurusan Sejara Pada Fakult

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Suatu Diajukan Untuk Memenuhi Salah Jurusan Sejara Pada Fakult BERDIRINYA NEGARA BANGLADESH (SuatuTinjauanHistoris) Skripsi Diajukan untuk Memenuhi Salah Satu Syarat Meraih Gelar Sarjana Humaniora Jurusan Sejarah dan Kebudayaan Islam Pada Fakultas Adab dan Humaniora UIN Alauddin Makassar Oleh : MUSDALIPAH NIM: 400200109039 FAKULTAS ADAB DAN HUMANIORA UIN ALAUDDIN MAKASSAR 2013 PENGESAHAN SKRIPSI Skripsi yang berjudul, “Berdirinya Negara Bangladesh (Suatu Tinjauan Historis)” yang disusun oleh Musdalipah, NIM: 40200109039, mahasiswa Jurusan Sejarah dan Kebudayaan Islam pada Fakultas Adab dan Humaniora UIN Alauddin Makassar, telah diuji dan dipertahankan dalam sidang munaqasyah yang diselenggarakan pada hari Kamis, tanggal 25 Juli 2013 M, bertepatan dengan 25 Ramadhan 1434 H, dinyatakan telah dapat diterima sebagai salah satu syarat untuk memperoleh gelar Sarjana dalam Ilmu Adab dan Humaniora, Jurusan sejarah dan Kebudayaan Islam (dengan beberapa perbaikan). Gowa, 25 Juli 2013 M. 15 Ramadhan 1434 H. DEWAN PENGUJI: Ketua : Dr. H. Barsihannor M.Ag. (.............................) Sekretaris : Dra. Marwati, M.Ag, (.............................) Munaqisy I : Drs. Rahmat, M. Pd.I. (.............................) Munaqisy II : Dra. Rahmawati, M.A. (.............................) Pembimbing I :Prof.Dr.H.Abd.RahimYunus, M.A. (............................) Pembimbing II : Dra. Syamsuez Salihima, M.Ag. (............................) Diketahui oleh: Dekan Fakultas Adab dan Humaniora UIN Alauddin Makassar, Prof. Dr. Mardan, M.Ag. NIP.19591112 19803 1 001 KATA PENGANTAR ﺑِﺴْﻢِ اﻟﻠﱠﻠﮫِ اﻟﺮﱠﺣْ ﻤَﻦِ اﻟﺮﱠﺣِﯿﻢِ Alhamdulillah, segala puji bagi Allah, Tuhan Yang Maha Pengasih lagi Maha Penyayang, karena atas segala rahmat-Nya jualah yang diberikan kepada penulis sehingga penyusunan skripsi ini dapat diselesaikan, meskipun dalam bentuk yang sederhana. Tak lupa penulis ucapkan Sholawat dan Taslim atas junjungan nabi besar Muhammad saw beserta keluarga dan sahabat-sahabatnya. Tulisan ini menguraikan tentang “Berdirinya Negara Bangladesh (Suatu Tinjauan Historis) ”, kiranya dapat memberi informasi dan dijadikan referensi terhadap pihak-pihak yang menaruh minat pada masalah ini. Dalam penyusunan skripsi ini masih jauh dari kesempurnaan dan juga masih terdapat kekurangan dan kekhilafan. Oleh karena itu, penulis dengan segala upaya untuk mengatasi kesulitan dan hambatan-hambatan. Hal ini disebabkan ilmu yang dimiliki penulis. Meskipun demikian, semua itu dapat teratasi berkat dorongan, bimbingan dan batuan yang diterima penulis dari berbagai pihak. Untuk mensyukuri semua itu patut kiranya diucapkan terima kasih serta penghargaan yang setinggi-tingginya kepada: 1. Penghormatan dan terima kasih yang sebesar-besarnya kepada orang tua, Ayahanda Hasan dan ibunda saya tercinta Sanipa serta kakak-kakak saya yang dengan susah payah memberikan pengorbanan baik moral maupun material, pengertian dan iringan doanya telah mendidik, membesarkan serta mendorong penulis hingga sekarang menjadi seperti ini. iv 2. Bapak Abd. Kadir SE, selaku wali penulis yang telah banyak memberi dukungan baik moral maupun moril. 3. Ditpertais, selaku pihak penyelenggara beasiswa yang diberikan kepada penulis selama berlangsungnya program studi hingga penyelasaian tahap akhir. 4. Bapak Prof. Dr. H. A. Qadir Gassing HT., M.S., selaku Rektor UIN Alauddin Makassar. Serta para Wakil Rektor beserta seluruh staf dan karyawannya. 5. Bapak Prof. Dr. Mardan, M.Ag., selaku Dekan Fakultas Adab dan Humaniora UIN Alauddin Makassar. Bapak Dr. H. Barsihannor, M. Ag., selaku Wakil Dekan I, Ibu Dra. Susmihara, M. Pd., selaku Wakil Dekan II, Bapak Dr. H. M. Dahlan, M. Ag., selaku Wakil Dekan III Fakultas Adab dan Humaniora UIN Alauddin Makassar. 6. Bapak Drs. Rahmat, M. Pd. I., selaku Ketua Jurusan Sejarah dan Kebudayaan Islam dan Drs. Abu Haif, M.Hum., selaku Sekertaris Jurusan Sejarah dan Kebudayaan Islam yang telah banyak membantu dalam pengurusan administrasi jurusan. 7. Bapak Prof. Dr. Abd Rahim Yunus, M.A, selaku Pembimbing I dan Ibu Dra. Syamsuez Salihima, M.Ag., selaku pembimbing II yang telah banyak memberikan bimbingan, nasehat, saran, dan mengarahkan penulis dalam perampungan skripsi ini. 8. Bapak Zainal Abidin, S.S. M. Hi., dan Andi Satrianingsih, Lc., selaku orang tua, pengasuh, serta pembimbing kami selama 4 tahun kami diasramakan yang tak pernah bosan menghadapi berbagai macam hal tingkah laku kami yang kurang menyenangkan. v 9. Para Bapak/ Ibu dosen serta seluruh karyawan Fakultas Adab dan Humaniora UIN Alauddin Makassar yang telah memberikan pelayanan yang berguna dalam penyelesaian studi di Fakultas Adab dan Humaniora. 10. Seluruh dosen pada UIN Alauddin Makassar terima kasih atas bantuan dan bekal disiplin ilmu pengetahuan selama menimba ilmu di bangku kuliah, terkhusus untuk semua dosen Kajian Keislaman, yang mengajar kami nonstop selama empat tahun. 11. Serta para sahabat tercinta seasrama dan seangkatan yang tak dapat penulis sebutkan satu persatu. Terima kasih atas motivasi dan dorongan yang telah diberikan kepada penulis. Harapan yang menjadi motivatorku, terima kasih atas segala pesembahanmu. Semoga harapan dan cita-cita kita tercapai sesuai dengan jalan Shiraatal Mustaqim. Aamiin. Akhirnya dengan segala kerendahan hati, penulis mendoakan mudah- mudahan Alah swt memberikan ganjaran pahala yang berlipat ganda disisi Allah swt dan kepada pihak yang telah membantu serta partisipasinya kepada penulis sampai selesainya penulisan skripsi ini, semoga skripsi ini dapat bermanfaat kepada kita semua terkhusus kepada diri pribadi penulis dan sekaligus dapat menambah kepustakaan ilmu pengetahuan. Samata, 02 Juli 2013 Penulis, MUSDALIPAH NIM. 40200109039 vi DAFTAR ISI HALAMAN JUDUL ........................................................................................... i KATA PENGANTAR......................................................................................... ii DAFTAR ISI........................................................................................................ vi ABSTRAK ........................................................................................................... viii BAB I PENDAHULUAN .......................................................................... 1-14 A. Latar Belakang Masalah............................................................. 1 B. Rumusan masalah ...................................................................... 8 C. Defenisi operasional dan ruang lingkup penelitian .................... 8 D. Tinjauan pustaka ........................................................................ 9 E. Metode penelitian....................................................................... 10 F. Tinjaun dan kegunaan penelitian ............................................... 12 G. Garis-garis besar isi skripsi ....................................................... 13 BAB II SITUASI UMAT ISLAM DI NEGARA PAKISTAN........................15-28 A. Pakistan dan Kelahiran Bangladesh ........................................... 15 B. Situasi keyakinan agama............................................................ 18 C. Situasi Politik ............................................................................. 21 BAB III SEJARAH BERDIRI NEGARA BANGLADESH............................29-42 A. Latar Belakang berdirinya negara Bangladesh............................ 29 B. Sistem Pemerintahan NegaraBangladesh .................................... 38 C. Sistem Suksesi Kepemimpinan Negara Bangladesh ................... 39 BAB IV FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MENDUKUNG BERDIRI NEGARA BANGLADESH.................................................................................43-56 A. Letak Geografis Negara Bangladesh.......................................... 43 B. Adanya Dukungan dari Dunia Internasional.............................. 48 C. Adanya Perbedaan Bahasa ......................................................... 50 vi BAB V PENUTUP...............................................................................................57-60 A. Kesimpulan ................................................................................ 57 B. Implikasi..................................................................................... 59 DAFTAR PUSTAKA..........................................................................................61-62 LAMPIRAN vii ABSTRAK Nama : Musdalipah Nim : 40200109039 Judul Skripsi : Berdirinya Negara Bangladesh (Suatu Tinjauan Historis) Skripsi ini adalah studi tentang “Berdirinya Negara Bangladesh (suatu tinjauan historis)”. Pokok permasalahannya adalah bagaimana proses terbentuknya Negara Bangladesh serta faktor-faktor yang mendukung berdirinya negara Bangladesh. Dalam pembahasan skripsi ini, penulis menggunakan penelitian dengan pendekatan yang bersifat historis dan dibahas dengan metode penelitian sejarah serta menggunakan metode pengumpulan data dan analisis data. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengungkapkan kondisi negara Bangladesh yang pada saat itu masih merupakan bagian dari negara Pakistan. Adalah sebuah negara di Asia Selatan yang berbatasan dengan India di barat, utara, dan timur, Myanmar di tenggara, serta Teluk Benggala di selatan. Bangladesh, bersama dengan Benggala Barat di India, membentuk kawasan etno-linguistik Benggala secara harfiah bermakna "Negara Bangla". Ibukota dan kota terbesar Bangladesh ialah Dhaka. Berdirinya Bangladesh melalui perjuangan yang panjang, perna hmenjadi bagian dari negara India dan Pakistan, sebelum akhirnya merdeka pada 25 Maret 1971, dan berdiri sendiri sebagai negara Bangladesh dengan sistem pemerintahan yang bersifat parlementer, dipimpin oleh seorang
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