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Manger Square

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Manger Square ﺍﺣﺘﻔﺎﻻﺕ ﺃﻋﻴﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻼﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻴﺪﺓ ﺑﻴﺖ ﻟﺤﻢ ٢٠١٦/٢٠١٧ 1 رسالة امليﻻد برحمتــه نَ َف َــخ فينــا احليــاة ووجهنــا نحــو خيــر العالــم، ْفنــوكل ُج َّــل ِحياتنــا إلــى رحمتــه التــي تُعطــي ُالط مأنينــةوالســام والعــدل، ويف ميــاد طفــل املغــارة، الطفــل يســوع، تتجلى هــذه الرحمــة، ليكــون شــعارنا هــذا العــام » الرحمــة هــي روح عيــد امليــاد«. مــا أحوجنــا، وخاصــة يف عالــم اليــوم، إلــى الرحمــة، التــي »تُقيمنــا إلــى ٍحيــاة جديــدة، ُوتبعــث الشــجاعة الازمــة للتطلّــع نحــو املســتقبل بأمــل« كمــا يُشــير قداســة البابــا فرنســيس، لنعيــش حيــاة تنتهــي فيهــا احلــروب والصراعــات، ويكــون عنوانهــا الســام الــذي تطمــح لــه اﻹنســانية جمعــاء، وتَبــدأ، عندمــا ّنفكــر بغيرنــا. ّ»فكــر بغيــرك«، يقــول محمــود درويــش، فهــذا هــو أســاس الرحمــة احلقيقيــة، ويُضيــف »وأنــت تخــوض حروبــك، ّفكــر بغيــرك، ﻻ َتنــس َمــن يطلبــون الســام«، ّلنفكــر باﻷطفــال الذيــن يقعــون ضحايــا احلــروب، والعائــات التــي تُ ّهجــر وتُ ّشــرد مــن أرضهــا، واﻷوطــان التــي تُ َّدمــر، هنــا تَ ُكمــن قســاوة احلــرب، وبســببها تَ َهــدم اﻻنســانية ونفقــد عامــات الرحمــة يف احليــاة؛ ّلنفكــر بغيرنــا، نُكســيهم َثــوب حــب ومنــأ القلــوب بالرجــاء، لنكــون، كمــا يقــول القديــس فرنســيس اﻷســيزي، ً »أداةللســام«، نعيــش احلــب واملغفــرة واﻻحتــاد والفــرح فيمــا بيننــا، حينهــا فقــط، نحيــا بــروح وعيــد امليــاد. ويف فلســطني، أرض الرســاﻻت الســماوية، التــي علــى ترابهــا ّعمــر اﻵبــاء اﻷجــداد، فإننا، ِوبعبــق هــذا املاضــي، ُ نســتمربالبنــاء، بقــوة وعزميــة وثبــات، لتكــون لنــا تلــك احليــاة اجلديــدة، حيــث يعيــش اﻷبنــاء ٍمبســتقبل أفضــل، وينتهــي اﻻحتــال؛ وليكــون عــام 2017 عــام إنهــاء اﻻحتــال عــن أرضنــا الفلســطينية، فهــذا العــام لــه رمزيــة خاصــة، فيــه نســتذكر مــرور مئــة عــام علــى وعــد بلفــور، وســبعني عامــا ًعلــى قــرار تقســيم فلســطني، وثاثــني عامــاً علــى اﻻنتفاضــة الفلســطينية اﻷولــى، وعشــرة أعــوام علــى اﻻنقســام الفلســطيني الداخلــي؛ نعــم، لقــد َآن اﻷوان، وليقــف العالــم وقفــة ٍحــق تاريخيــة، تُنهــي معانــاة ٍشــعب ٍّعربــي فلســطيني يــرى يف امتــداد عروبتــه جــذراً ّهميــد باحليــاة، ووجــوده 2 علــى أرضــه ودفاعــه عــن ّمقدســاتها عنوانــا ًللبقــاء، كمــا يــرى يف اﻻمتــداد العاملــي ﻷرضــه، أرض الرســاﻻت الســماوية، تأكيــداًعلــى حتميــة إحقــاق احلــق والعــدل، والعيــش بســام. نعــم، إنهــا فلســطني، قلــب الوطــن العربــي ِ، وروحــهويف زمــن امليــاد هــذا نُ ِرســل رســالة حيــاة ﻷهلنــا الذيــن يُعانــون يف أنحــاء عديــدة منــه، ّمتوجهــني إلــى طفــل ِاملغــارة بالدعــاء ليكــون عــام 2017 عامــاً ّيحــل فيــه الســام علــى أوطانكــم، ٍبقرارات ٍوأفعال شــجاعة، وأن تعــودوا ﻷرضكــم ويلتــم شــمل عائاتكــم بعــد جتربــة اللجــوء املريــرة، ونحــن كفلســطينيني أكثــر َمــن نشــعر مبعاناتكــم، َفمــازال ســتة مايــني ﻻجــيء فلســطيني يف العالــم، يحلمــون ِ بالعــودةإلــى وطنهــم، إلــى جانــب املُبعديــن قســراً عــن عائاتهــم، واﻷســرى الذيــن نتطلّــع جميعــا ًحلريتهــم. يف بيــت حلــم بــدأ ّكل شــيء، ويف ِاملهــد ٌعنــوان للرحمــة واحليــاة، ومــن تلــك املغــارة الوضيعــة خرجــت رحمــة اهلل لﻹنســانية جمعــاء، لتُعطــي اﻷمــل والطمأنينــة ِملَــن هــو محتــاج، فتكــون الرحمــة، بالفعــل، هــي امليــاد. فلســطني وطننــا، وبيــت حلــم مدينتنــا، بيــت حلــم، بيــت يعيــش اﻷمــل، بــروح احملبــة والصمــود ويصلــي لســام عــادل مــن أجــل هــذا الوطــن وشــعبه واﻹنســانية جمعــاء. عيد مياد مجيد وكل عام وأنتم بألف خير أ. فيرا بابون رئيس بلدية بيت حلم 3 قصة امليﻻد لﻮقا 2 َو ِيف ِذل َــك َّالز َم ِــان، أَ ْص َــد َر الْ َقيْ َص ُــر أُ ُغ ْس ُــط ُس َم ْر ُســوماً يَ ْق ِضــي ِب ِإ ْح َص ِــاء ُس َّــك ِان ِاﻹ ْم ِب َر ُاط ِور َّيِــة. َو َق ْــد َ َّت َه َــذا ِاﻹ ْح َصــاءُ اﻷَ َّو ُل ِعنْ َد َمــا َك َان ِك ِير ِينيُ ُــوس َح ِاكمــاً ِل ُس ِــور َّي َة. َف َذ َه َــب ا ْ َجل ِم ُيــع ِليُ َس َّــجلُوا، ُك ُّل َو ِاح ٍــد ِإلَــى بَلْ َد ِت ِــه. َو َص ِع َــد يُ ُوس ُــف أَيْضــاً ِم ْــن َم ِدينَ ِــة َّالن ِاص َــر ِة ِ ِمبنْ َط َق ِــة ا ْ َجل ِل ِيــل ِإلَــى َم ِدينَ ِــة َد ُاو َد ا ْملَ ْد ُع َّــو ِة بَيْ َــت َ ْحل ٍــم ِ ِمبنْ َط َق ِــة الْيَ ُه ِود َّي ِــة، ﻷَ َّن ُــه َك َان ِم ْــن بَيْ ِــت َد ُاو َد َو َع ِش َير ِت ِه، ِليَتَ َس َّــج َل ُهنَ َــاك َم َــع َم ْــر َ َي ا ْملَ ْخ ُطوبَ ِــة لَ ُــه، َو ِه َــي ُحبْلَــى. َوبَيْنَ َمــا َكانَــا ُهنَ َــاك، َ َّت َز َمانُ َهــا ِلتَ ِل َــد، َف َولَ َــد ِت ابْنَ َهــا الْ ِب ْك َــر، َولَ َّفتْ ُــه ِب ِق َم ٍــاط، َوأَنَ َامتْ ُــه ِيف ِم ْــذ َو ٍد، ِإ ْذ لَ ْــم يَ ُك ْــن لَ ُه َمــا ُم َّت َس ٌــع ِيف ا ْملَنْ ِــز ِل. َو َك َان ِيف ِتلْ َــك ا ِْملنْ َط َق ِــة ُر َعــاةٌ يَ ِبيتُ َــون ِيف الْ َع َــر ِاء، يَتَنَ َاوبُ َــون ِح َر َاس َــة َق ِط ِيع ِه ْــم ِيف اللَّيْ ِــل. َو ِإ َذا َم َــا ٌك ِم ْــن ِعنْ ِــد َّالــر ِّب َق ْــد َظ َه َــر لَ ُه ْــم، َو َم ْج ُــد َّالــر ِّب أَ َض َــاء َح ْولَ ُه ْــم، َف َخ ُافــوا أَ َش َّــد ْ َال ْــو ِف. َف َق َــال لَ ُه ُــم ا ْملَ َــا ُك: »ﻻَ تَ َخ ُافــوا! َف َهــا أَنَــا أُبَ ِّش ُــر ُك ْم ِب َف َــر ٍح َع ِظ ٍيــم يَ ُع ُّــم َّالش ْــع َب ُكلَّ ُــه: َف َق ْــد ُو ِل َــد لَ ُك ُــم الْيَ ْــو َم ِيف َم ِدينَ ِــة َد ُاو َد ُم َخلِّ ٌــص ُه َــو ا ْملَ ِس ُــيح َّالــر ُّب. َو َه ِــذ ِه ِه َــي الْ َع َا َم ُــة لَ ُك ْــم. َ ِجت ُــد َون ِط ْف ًــا َملْ ُفوفــاً ِب ِق َم ٍــاط َونَ ِائمــاً ِيف ِم ْــذ َو ٍد«، َو َف ْج َــأ ًة َظ َه َــر َم َــع ا ْملَ َــا ِك ُج ْم ُه ٌــور ِم َــن َ ا ْ ُجلنْ ِــد َّالس َــم ِاو ِّي، يُ َس ِّــب ُح َون اهلل َق ِائ ِلــ َني: "ا ْملَ ْج ُــد ِ ِهلل ِيف اﻷَ َع ِالــي، َو َعلَــى اﻷَ ْر ِض َّالس ُــام؛ َو ِب َّالن ِــاس ا ْملَ َس َّــرةُ!« َو َملَّــا انْ َص َــر َف ا ْملَ َا ِئ َك ُــة َع ِــن ُّالر َع ِــاة ِإلَــى َّالس َــم ِاء، َق َــال بَ ْع ُض ُه ْــم ِلبَ ْع ٍــض: ِ»لنَ ْذ َه ْــب ِإ َذ ْن ِإلَــى بَيْ ِــت َ ْحل ٍــم، َونَنْ ُظ ْــر َه َــذا اﻷَ ْم َــر َّال ِــذي َح َــد َث َو َق ْــد أَ ْعلَ َمنَــا ِب ِــه َّالرب! َو َجــاءُوا ُم ْس ِــر ِع َني، َف َو َج ُــدوا َم ْــر َ َي َويُ ُوس َــف، َو ِّالط ْف َــل نَ ِائمــاً ِيف ا ِْمل ْــذ َو ِد. َفلَ َّمــا َرأَ ْوا ِذل َــك، أَ َخ ُــذوا يُ ْخ ِب ُــر َون ِ َمبــا ِق َيــل لَ ُه ْــم ِب ُخ ُص ِــوص َه َــذا ِّالط ْف ِــل. َو َج ِم ُيع َّال ِذ َين َس ِم ُعوا ِب ِذل َك ُد ِه ُشوا ِ َّما َقالَ ُه لَ ُه ُم ُّالر َعاةُ. َوأَ َّمــا َم ْــر َ ُي، َف َكانَ ْــت َ ْحت َف ُــظ َه ِــذ ِه اﻷُ ُم َــور َج ِميعــاً، َوتَتَ َأ َّملُ َهــا ِيف َقلْ ِب َها. ثُ َّــم َر َج َــع ُّالر َعــاةُ َ ُ َمي ِّجُــد َون اهلل َويُ َس ِّــب ُحونَ ُه َعلَــى ُك ِّل َمــا َس ِــم ُعوهُ َو َرأَ ْوهُ َك َمــا ِق َيــل لَ ُه ْــم. 4 كنيسة املهد تُعتبــر كنيســة املهــد واحــدة مــن أقــدم الكنائــس القائمــة حتــى ِيومنــا هــذا، حيــث بُنيــت الكنيســة اﻷولــى علــى يــد اﻹمبراطــور الرومانــي قســطنطني يف القــرن الرابــع امليــادي فــوق املغــارة التــي َولــدت فيهــا مــري َالطفــل يســوع وقــام قســطنطني وأمــه هيانــة ببنــاء الكنيســة الرائعــة واملهيبــة ّواملزينــة ّبالرخــام والفسيفســاء اجلميــل. ويف ٍوقــت ﻻحــق، خــال ِالقــرن ّالســادس بنــى اﻹمبراطــور البيزنطــي جســتنيان ًكنيســة ًجديــدة ُم ّتميــزة يف نفــس املــكان. وخــال الغــزو الفارســي يف القــرن ّالســابع جنــت الكنيســة مــن ّالدمــار، وبحلــول القــرن احلــادي عشــر رفــع الصليبيــون ِراياتهــم فــوق كنيســة املهــد وقامــوا ِبترميمهــا. ومــن ِأجــل ِحمايتهــا مــن ّالغــزاة ِوملكانتهــا ّالد ّينيــة ت تخفيــض وتضييــق ِاملدخــل الرئيــس لكنيســة املهــد ًّتدريجيــا. وتوجــد يف داخــل الكنيســة مجموعتــان مــن الســالم التــي ّتــؤدي الــىمغــارة املهــد حيــث توجــد ٌجنمــة ّفضيــة ّاللــون بأربعــة عشــر ًشــعاعا لتشــير إلــى نفــس البقعــة التــي ُولــد فيهــا يســوع. ويوجــد نقــش حــول ّالنجمــة ّباللغــة ّاليونانيــة يقــول “هنــا مــن الســيدة العــذراء ولــد الطفــل يســوع”. وتشــترك ّالطوائــف ّاملســيحية الثاثــة: ّالــروم اﻷرثوذكــس، الــروم ّالكاثوليكيــة، واﻷرمــن يف الكنيســة. 5 ساحة املهد تقــع ســاحة املهــد وســط مدينــة بيــت حلــم، وتُعتبــر أحــد املعالــم املهمــة علــى مســتوى املدينــة، وأطلــق عليهــا اســم ســاحة املهــد نســبة لكنيســة املهــد املوجــودة فيهــا. ويف هــذه ّالســاحة وحولهــا َيوجــد باﻹضافــة إلــى كنيســة املهــد مســجد عمــر بــن الطاب، ومركــز الســام ومحــات ّســياحية لبيــع ُمنتجــات ّســياحية مــن خشــب ّالزيتــون ّوالصــدف ّواملطــرزات وغيرهــا مــن عمــل أهالــي بيــت حلــم واحملافظــة، وعلــى اجلانــب اﻷميــن مــن الســاحة تقــع بلديــة بيــت حلــم التــي ّتأسســت عــام ألــف وثمامنئــة واثنــني وســبعني. خــال الفتــرة ّالعثمانيــة اســتخدمت ّالســاحة كســوق، حيــث اعتــاد النــاس علــى ّالتجمــع لبيــع مــا لديهــم مــن الفواكــه والضــروات واملواشــي. ويف عــام ألــف وتســعمئة وتســعة وعشــرين ت نقــل ّالســوق القــدي إلــى موقعــه احلالــي يف وســط املدينــة القدميــة، وبــني عامــي ألــف وتســعمئة وثمانــي وتســعني وألفــني أعيــد ترميــم ّالســاحة. تُعتبــر ســاحة املهــد ًملتقــى لفعاليــات ّثقافيــة ّواجتماعيــة ّوسياســية ّهامــة، حيــث تُقــام فيهــا معــارض وحفــات ّموســيقية ونشــاطات مختلفــة. 6 مسجد عمر يقــع مســجد عمــر يف زاويــة شــارع البابــا بولــس الســادس وســاحة املهــد، ت بنــاءه يف عــام 1860تكرميــا للخليفــة عمــر بــن الطــاب، الــذي زار املدينــة يف القــرن الســابع ميــادي الليفــة، وقــام بالصــاة يف احلنيــةاجلنوبيــة لكنيســة املهــد، ولكــن تنــص العهــدة العمرية مرســوماًيقضــي بــأن الكنيســة ســتبقى مــكان العبــادة مســيحيني. وتنــص الوثيقــة التــي مــن شــأنها الســماح للمســلمني للصــاة هنــاك فقــط بشــكل فــردي. وكان املســجد يف اﻷصــل مبنــى صغيــر ومتواضــع. ومــع ذلــك، يف عــام 1953 قامــت احلكومــة اﻷردنيــة بترميــم املســجد. وت ترميمــه مــرة أخــرى يف عــام 2004، وقــد أعيــد بنــاؤه مــن قبــل الرابطــة اﻹماراتيــة بعــد تعرضــه ﻷضــرار خــال اﻻنتفاضــة الثانيــة .)2000-2005( 7 مغارة احلليب يُعتقــد ّبــأن مغــارة احلليــب هــو املــكان الــذي وجــدت فيــه العائلــة املقدســة ًمــاذا لهــم خــال ذبــح اﻻبريــاء، قبــل أن ّيتمكنــوا مــن الفــرار إلــى مصــر. اكتســبت املغــارة هــذا اﻻســم )مغــارة احلليــب( مــن اﻻعتقــاد الســائد ّبــأن قطــرة مــن حليــب مــري العــذراء ســقطت علــى اﻷرض ّوتغيــر لــون الكهــف إلــى اﻷبيــض، وعلــى ّمــر اﻷجيــال قامــت العديــد مــن النســاء اللواتــي ﻻ ْينجــن أطفــا ًﻻ ومــن مختلــف اﻷديــان بزيــارة مغــارة احلليــب مــن أجــل اﻻبتهــال للحصــول علــى هبــة النســل.
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