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Home , Al Bowereh, Azmut, Beit Fajjar, Beit Imrin, Beit Qad, Beit Ummar

ﺟﻣﻌﯾﺔ اﻟﮭﯾدروﻟوﺟﯾﯾن اﻟﻔﻠﺳطﯾﻧﯾﯾن طوﯾر ﻣﺻﺎدر اﻟﻣﯾﺎه واﻟﺑﯾﺋﺔ

PALESTINIAN HYDROLOGY GROUP “PHG”

Preparation and progress of the capacity of answer to face to the water scarcity crisis affecting the Palestinian communities in , across a major efficacy of the participation of the civil society in the coordination and monitoring of the water resources and sanitation

Phase 2

FINAL REPORT

December 2016

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Prepared & Written by:

Project and Team Leader: Dr. Ayman Rabi

GIS and Database Manager: Abdallah Abdelrazeq

Field Survey Team: Sahira Gh. Kusa Abdulrauf Aburahma Anas Jada’

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Table of Contents:

TABLES OF FIGURES ...... 4 Acronyms ...... 5 Executive Summary ...... 67 I:Background ...... 89 II: Methodology ...... 1011 1. Selecting the Target Communities ...... 1011 2. Creation of a coordination group ...... 1011 3. Data collection tools on water and sanitation ...... 1011 4. Data Base Design ...... 1011 5. Data processing, analysis and storage into the database ...... 1112 6. Data dissemination and accessibility ...... 1112 III: Availability and Accessibility to Water and Sanitation in ...... 1213 1. Water Resources: ...... 1213 2. Water Supply Quantity and Service Coverage...... 1314 3. Wastewater Situation ...... 1415 4. Water Governance ...... 1516 IV: Major Findings of the WASH Situation in the 115 Communitiesand Proposed Response ...... 1718 1. Introduction ...... 1718 2. Water Supply Quantity and Quality ...... 1718 3. Water Service Condition and Reliability ...... 1920 4. Sanitation and Hygiene Situation ...... 2223 5. Impact of Check points ...... 2324 6. Distance to Nearist Filling Point ...... 2425 7. Major WASH Needs ...... 2425 APPENDIXES ...... 3132 APPENDIX–A: Surveyed Communities (Phase 2) ...... 3233 APPENDIX–B: Questionnaires ...... 3738 APPENDIX–C: Tables ...... 4042 APPENDIX–D: Maps ...... 9193

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TABLES OF FIGURES

Figure1: Service coverage in both West Bank and Gaza ...... 14 Figure 2:Volume of treated effluent that flows west and east and its treatment condition ...... 15 Figure 3: Supplied versus needed water quantities ...... 17 Figure 4: Water supply and needs in summer and winter ...... 18 Figure 5: Supply and needs of each community ...... 18 Figure 6: Water quality perception ...... 19 Figure 7: Water service coverage ...... 19 Figure 8: Water losses ...... 20 Figure 9: Comparing water price from network versus tankers ...... 20 Figure 10: Percent of water bill payment ...... 21 Figure 11: Per capita daily water use ...... 21 Figure 12: Wastewater disposal mean ...... 22 Figure 13: Solid waste collection % ...... 23 Figure 14: Impact of checkpoints on number of population (a) and number of communities (b) ...... 23 Figure 15: Distance to filling point by communities ...... 24

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Acronyms

ACPP Asamblea de Cooperacio’n por la Paz CA Civil Administration CM Cubic Meters (m2) CMWU Coastal Municipalities Water Utility EPA United States Environmental Protection Agency GS GDP Gross Domestic Product ICJ International Court of Justice ICRC International Committee of the Red Cross INGOs International Non-governmental Organizations JWC Joint Water Committee JWU Water Undertaking LCD Litres per capita per day M&A Movement and Access MAS Palestinian Economic Policy Research Institute MCM Million Cubic Meters MoA Ministry of Agriculture MoH Ministry of Health NGO Non-governmental Organization NIS New Israeli Shekel NSU Negotiations Support Unit NWC National Water Council OCHA Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs OPt Occupied Palestinian Territory PA or PNA Palestinian National Authority PCBS Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics PHG Palestinian Hydrology Group PWA Palestinian Water Authority UNDP United Nations Development Program UNICEF United Nations Children's Fund UNRWA United Nations Relief and Works Agency USAID United States Agency for International Development WaSH Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene WaSH MP Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene Monitoring Program WBGS West Bank and Gaza Strip WBWD West Bank Water Department WHO World Health Organization

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Executive Summary

Water availability and access to the Palestinian communities have deteriorated over the past decade due to increased Israeli restriction and policies that limited the Palestinian ability from developing and managing their water resources properly. Since the signature of Oslo Interim Agreement back in 1995, water made available to has dropped by 14 MCM, it was 118 MCM at the time of signature, the figure that was also agreed in the interim agreement to nearly 104 MCM in 2015. This reduction combined with other Israeli policies have influenced the supply quantities from Palestinian local water resources as well as limited per capita water use to vary from 70 l/day in the best cases to as low as 20l/d in the marginal communities and increased the reliance of Palestinians to the purchased water from Israeli company making their water security very law and bound to the Israeli merit.

Moreover, poor services related to water supply and limitation on physical infrastructure for both water and wastewater have left nearly 68% of the population in the West Bank not served with wastewater collection and treatment systems.

Despite all the efforts made by the Palestinian Government to coup with this difficult situation including sector reform, adopting a new water law and developing long and short term strategies, the water and sanitation situation remains fragile since the final say is within the Israeli hands and subject to their approval. This situation clearly tells that ending Israeli occupation is a prerequisite for Palestinians to be able to develop and prosper and assuming full sovereignty over their land and natural resources.

Under these circumstances, the current project titled "Improvement of the living conditions of the population of the West Bank, Occupied Palestinian Territory, which suffers from a chronic water shortage by the improvement of the preparation and response capacity of national and international actors to deal with water crisis" funded by Ayuntamientode Zaragoza (in year 2015) through Asamblea de Cooperación por la Paz (ACPP) and implemented by Palestinian Hydrology Group (PHG), tried to assess the water and sanitation situation in 115 communities in the West Bank to highlight the main obstacles and to propose appropriate response that could address these obstacles through providing updated and standardized information to all agencies working in the WASH sector in Palestine.

The selection of the 115 communities was based on the 2009 WASH survey according to the following criteria:

1. Bad water quality 2. LCD < 40 3. Water losses > 40%

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4. Water tankers prices > 30 NIS/m3 5. Without water networks and population > 1000 6. Without waste water networks and population > 10000 7. In addition, the communities covered by other agencies were excluded. A questionnaire have been designed to collect information from the target communities (see APPENDIX B). Data collected from communities was then checked and verified and then entered into special database that was designed specifically for the project. Data then has been analysed and presented in the final report. The data collected is stored at the database and link is created with other data basis especially that of Palestinian Water Authority for coordination and integration. Moreover, the database is accessible to all interested stakeholder through web site www.phg.org/wash-mp/.

The main findings of the project reflects that water accessibility and availability in the 115 communities are no better than overall situation in the West Bank and Gaza where water supplied to the communities accounts for 89% of their needs in general and accounts of 85% of their needs during summer period. Moreover, the assessment shows that water service (>90% coverage) covers 66% of communities and 30% of communities are partially covered (coverage ≤ 90%) and 2% are not covered at all. Moreover, water losses might go up to 55% and per capita water use varies substantially among the 115 communities. It varies from 36 to 173 LCD in summer while it varies from 18 to 132 litres in winter with weighted average daily per capita water use is 68 liters. In the mean time, price per cubic meter varies from 2 - 50 NIS depending on the supply source (water network versus water tanker).

In relation to sanitation, the assessment shows that 81% of population are using cesspits while 0.3% are using open disposal and 18% connected to wastewater network.

Finally, it was realized that Israeli checkpoints has major effect on 8% of the population living in these communities (nearly 31414 people).

It was also realized that water bill payment varies from 2% - 100% with average 56% across all connected communities and finally, it is concluded that the distance to the nearist filling point in 16% of coomunities is more than 5000 m.

It was concluded that communities need more interventions to increase water quantity available and improve existing water infrastructure including construction of more water networks and reservoirs as well as reduction of leakage and improvement of water billing. In addition, improving the water quality through better chlorination and stop pollution sources. The construction of more cisterns and more storage facilities was also among the list of needs, as well as constructing wastewater collection and treatment systems.

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I: Background

The current report has been prepared under the project titled "Improvement of the living conditions of the population of the West Bank, Occupied Palestinian Territory, which suffers from a chronic water shortage by the improvement of the preparation and response capacity of national and international actors to deal with this crisis" funded by Ayuntamiento de Zaragoza through Asamblea de Cooperación por la Paz (ACPP) and implemented by Palestinian Hydrology Group (PHG).

The main objective of the project is to improve the living conditions of the population of the West Bank, Occupied Palestinian Territory, which suffers from a chronic water shortage, by the improvement of the preparation and response capacity of national and International actors to deal with this crisis. In the mean time the specific objective is to improve the preparation and response capacity to deal with the water shortage crisis affecting Palestinian communities in the West Bank through a more effective participation of civil society in the coordination and monitoring of water resources and sanitation. The project specifically aims at:

- Reinforce the coordination between the different agents who work in the WASH sector in the Palestinian communities in West Bank. - Drive a harmonized mechanism to lead a study on the access to water for Palestinian communities in the West Bank. - Improve the response capacity of the different actors to achieve a higher impact of the projects. This project is linked to the WaSH Monitoring Program that PHG has initiated in June 2002 in response to the urgent need for increased information, resources and action related to the water crisis in Palestine which resulted from the Israeli reoccupation of major Palestinian cities and towns during the . The need for quantitative data to support ongoing advocacy and programming by NGOs working on the implementation of WASH related activities to fulfil the UN General Assembly resolution number GA/10967 which adopted access to clean water and sanitation as a human right, has been a primary force behind the initiation and development of the WaSH MP.

The main objective of the WaSH MP is to facilitate timely and effective responses to grave WaSH related problems arising from the Israeli occupation through the collection and dissemination of up-to-date information.The WaSH MP operates with the understanding that the Israeli occupation is at the core cause of the water and sanitation crisis in Palestine. While it is clear that a final solution can only lie in the end of Israeli occupation, the WaSH MP has identified the following goals:

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 To promote awareness, mobilization, lobbying/advocacy and communication in response to the WaSH crisis in Palestine.  To identify and challenge conditions of the Israeli occupation which directly affects the WaSH situation in Palestine. Since its initiation in 2002, the WASH MP has produced five annual reports which summarized the WASH status in both West Bank and Gaza and also reported all the information gathered on the communities in a web based data base and made accessible to all stakeholders under the following link: (www.phg.org/wash-mp/). The last report was produced in 2009 and no more reports were produced afterwards due to lack of funds. The current funds by Ayuntamiento de Zaragoza have enabled us to renew and update the WASH information to contribute to accurate planning and respond to the water scarcity and crisis in the West Bank. In this respect and to ensure effective dissemination of data and reach wider audience, PHG presents the collected data and produced final report under this project in the above mentioned WASH Monitoring web site.

The current report summarizes the WASH situation in 115 communities as shown in APPENDIX A. It also summarizes the main WASH challenges and problems facing these communities as well as the main WASH needs to overcome these problems for each community.

It is hoped that the information in this report will be used by any and all related organizations and institutions in aiding efforts for advocacy and actions that not only demand an end to the occupation, but strive for the implementation of water as a fundamental human right for all.

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II: Methodology

To realize the project objective and to ensure adequate and reliable information gathering on the WASH situation in the target communities, PHG has adopted the following methodology:

1. Selecting the Target Communities

PHG has selected 118 communities to conduct the survey based on the 2009 WASH survey according to the following criteria:

1. Bad water quality 2. LCD < 40 3. Water losses > 40% 4. Water tankers prices > 30 NIS/m3 5. Without water networks and population > 1000 6. Without waste water networks and population > 10000 7. In addition, the communities covered by other agencies were excluded. Finally, information from 115 communities were collected and included in the current survey. The three communities that didn't provide information were excluded from the survey.

2. Creation of a coordination group

The coordination group consisting of representatives from Palestinian Water Authority (PWA), ACPP, PHG and WASH cluster. The main role of the coordination group is to follow up on the progress and to eliminate duplication and ensures integration and harmonization of WASH related information within the central PWA data base. Moreover, to assist in disseminating of results to various relevant stakeholders.

3. Data collection tools on water and sanitation

Te ensure reliable data collection, a questionnaire has been designed in coordination with PWA and WaSH Cluster members to collect data at community level.

The community questionnaire was filled by the village council and verified from other informants in the community such as clinic or other stakeholders. The figures related to water supply were obtained from the bulk invoices that were obtained from the village council.

4. Data Base Design

Based on the information presented at the questionnaires, a data base was designed using Access software. The data base will be used for further analysis and linkages. An automatic link is foreseen with PWA database to insure data allignment and easy access as well as easy update.

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5. Data processing, analysis and storage into the database

Collected data after being verified and crosschecked by data base manager have been entered into the Access data base. Data processing and analysis were then conducted and main issues related to the WASH situation in the target communities have been defined.

6. Data dissemination and accessibility

The main findings of the assessment are disseminated widely through number of means that include:

 Updated Website where the database is shared and all information are made accessible to all relevant stakeholders.  A workshop has been organized for all WaSH related agencies working in Palestine and the results of the assessment have been disseminated.  A final annual report has been produced in which analysis of data, results, challenges and main community needs have been presented. Hard copies have been made available to all wash agencies and soft copy has been presented in the website www.phg.org/wash-mp/.

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III: Availability and Accessibility to Water and Sanitation in Palestine

1. Water Resources:

The magnitude of groundwater resources in the West Bank is nearly 672 MCM distributed in three major groundwater basins in the West Bank, Western, North-eastern and Eastern Basins with replenishment capacities of 362 MCM, 145 MCM and 172 MCM / year respectively. In addition, there is only one groundwater basin in Gaza, the coastal aquifer basin with replenishment capacity of 55 – 60 MCM per year. Surface water, represented mainly by the River, is not yet accessible to the Palestinians and its water is used completely by . In addition to that, water from non-conventional sources can also be considered as important sources, including wastewater, surface runoff and desalinating sea and brackish water. The estimated magnitude of surface runoff component is varying in accordance with rainfall quantity, duration and intensity. In addition, most of the collected wastewater is either fully or partially treated. However, very limited part of the treated wastewater is reused. The magnitude of none conventional water can be summarized in Table 1.

Type of Source Quantity (MCM/Year) Comment Surface Runoff 169 Estimated from all wadis in the West Bank Collected Wastewater 71 30 MCM in West Bank and 41 MCM in Gaza Desalinated Sea and 3.75 0.95 MCM sea water and Brackish water 2.8 MCM brackish water

Despite this good potential of available none conventional water resources, it is unfortunately very little percentage that it is tapped. Other than the desalinated water, only very small percentage of surface runoff is being collected in Auja Dam in West Bank while more than 95% of the collected effluent is not reused even the advanced treated part resulted from the West treatment plant.

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Water availability and access to Palestinian citizens in both West Bank and Gaza remains highly restricted and controlled by Israel. Israel’s current water policies do in fact discriminate against Palestinians through several de facto policies, the most obvious of which, manifested though the deprivation of Palestinian from receiving their legal share of trans-boundary water resources. 2. Water Supply Quantity and Service Coverage

Despite the fact that the magnitude of groundwater resources is 672 MCM and the replenishment areas of the three main aquifers are mainly located within the West Bank (more than 70% of the replenishment area), Israeli water policies have limited Palestinian water use from their local resources to 104 MCM per year in 2012, of which 64.3 MCM abstracted from groundwater wells and 39 MCM form springs. It is good to mention that spring discharge vary in accordance with variation in precipitation, for example the discharge of the springs was 21 MCM in 2011 as reported by PWA 2013.

Comparing the Palestinian total water abstraction from their local resources to the figure that was agreed on under the Oslo interim agreement, it can be realized that, Palestinians water abstraction dropped from 118 MCM in 1994 to 104 MCM in 2012 with total reduction of 14 MCM. Such reduction is resulted from the imposed Israeli restrictions on the rehabilitation of existing, and development of new, water resources as well as from the confiscation of local Palestinian water sources by the Israeli separation wall. The cumulative effect of this policy have reduced Palestinian water security and increased their reliance on purchased water quantities from the Israeli water company. Latest figures reported by PWA (2013)1 indicates that 60% of the total Palestinian domestic water use in the West Bank is purchased from Israel. This means that 60% of the domestic water supply in the West Bank is subject to the Israeli merit as to when to supply, where and at what cost.

In the mean time, there are 39 Israeli wells inside the WB, mainly located in the eastern aquifer, producing nearly 54 MCM/Year, 15% of which is sold to Palestinian communities while the rest is allocated to illegal settlements.2

It is estimated that 86% of the Palestinian communities in the West Bank are connected to water supply networks. However, network coverage is not complete in most of these communities where 64 communities of those connected have 80% or less coverage. In the meantime, 70 communities are not served at all with total population of 113000 people, PWA (2013). The Situation in the Gaza Strip is different where most of the water supply available from the coastal aquifer is of low quality and not suitable for human use. It is reported that 95% of the water abstracted from the aquifer is of poor quality. The deterioration of the aquifers water quality has been caused by the long term overexploitation which triggered saline water intrusion as well as pollution by various pollution sources including poorly treated effluent as

1 Annual Water Resources Status Report as on 2012, October 2013 2 Policies of denial p. 15 WASH Assessment 2016 Page 13 well as agrichemicals. All in all, total domestic water use in Gaza is estimated at 110 MCM, of which 3.7 MCM is secured from desalination, 4 MCM is purchased from Israeli company and the rest is abstracted from the aquifer where most of it is brackish.

Limitations imposed on the supply have influenced per capita water use to nearly 70 l/d in the West Bank and nearly 90 l/d in Gaza, mostly poor quality.

3. Wastewater Situation

Wastewater collection and treatment varies substantially across West Bank and Gaza. Most of the rural areas are unserved with wastewater collection and treatment while the urban areas are partially served. In the meantime, most of Gaza is served with wastewater collection systems. Figure 1 shows the service coverage in both West Bank and Gaza.

Wastewater Connection in West Bank and Gaza 100 92 90 80 68 70 60

% 50 40 32 30 20 8 10 0 Connected Not Connected

West Bank Gaza

Figure1: Service coverage in both West Bank and Gaza

The total volume of collected wastewater through collection system is nearly 41 MCM in Gaza and 30 MCM in the West Bank. Most of the collected wastewater in Gaza is being treated either fully or partially and mostly discharged to the sea. In the meantime, the collected effluent in the West Bank from major Palestinian towns and cities is either fully or partially treated and flows either east or westward. Figure 2 shows the volume of treated effluent that flows west and east and its treatment condition.

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Collection and Treatment of Wastewater in West Bank

12.9 14 12 10 6.9 8 4.7 6 3.4 MCM/Year 4 2.1 2 0 Fully Treated Partially Treated Not Treated

Flowing West Flowing East

Figure 2:Volume of treated effluent that flows west and east and its treatment condition

It is important to indicate here that most of the treated effluent is unfortunately not reused and flows either eastward or westward. It mixes with untreated effluent from other Palestinian towns and also from Israeli Settlements where it is captured, treated and reused in Israel while the cost of treatment is deducted from the Palestinian national budget. Total wastewater treatment bill that was charged to Palestinian national budget in 2015 was 83 Million Shekel (roughly 22 Million $) while this amount was 2 Million Shekel in the year 2000.

4. Water Governance

Following to the decision of government to undertake water sector reform back in 2010, the reform process was effectively started by appointing an independent team to lead the process and creating the proper legal environment to ensure that the process and its outcome are based on solid legal ground. The first step was to reform the existing water law #3 and replace it with a new presidential decree, to issue the Water Law #4 for the year 2014 by virtue of which new bodies have been created and the responsibilities of existing bodies have been modified. The Law has particularly provided for the following:

 Creating Water Sector Regulatory Council (WSRC) and assigning the role of monitoring and regulating the work of service providers to the council.  PWA to remain the main sector regulator, carries out tasks related to the planning, regulating and evaluating of water resources management in terms of economic and social feasibility, and monitoring the implementation of water and wastewater projects and coordinating the work of all relevant agencies.  To upgrade the West Bank Water Department to become the National Water Company.  Emphasized the formation of regional water utilities,three in West Bank and one in Gaza WASH Assessment 2016 Page 15

Based on the new water law, the new water sector structure would look like the following:

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IV: Major Findings of the WASH Situation in the 115 Communitiesand Proposed Response

1. Introduction

The study has targeted 115 communities as stated earlier and assessed both water and sanitation conditions as well as defined the main challenges and needs in these communities. The main issues covered by the assessment includes, water supply quantity and quality, water supply sources, service coverage, losses, per capita water use and water price. In addition, it covers the water needs as well as the current sanitation and hygiene situation in the 115 communities, it defines the challenges they are facing and proposes some responses to overcome these challenges. The following sections will elaborate on these main findings.

2. Water Supply Quantity and Quality

It was realized that total water quantity supplied to the target communities is not sufficient to cover their needs as shown in Figure 3.

Supply versus Needs MCM/year

70.0 66.4

65.0 59.3 60.0

55.0 Total Supply MCM Total Needs MCM

Figure 3: Supplied versus needed water quantities

In addition, the needs in summer is much higher than it is in winter and that needs is higher than supplies in summer as shown in Figure 4.

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Supply and Needs in Summer and Winter 3500000 3000000

2500000

2000000 Total Supply m3/month 1500000 Total Needs m3/month 1000000 500000 0

Summer Winter

Figure 4: Water supply and needs in summer and winter In addition, water supply and needs vary from one community to the other depending on the type of community (rural - urban - refugee camp), population number but more importantly, in the case of supply, to the quantities supplied by Mekorot as can be noticed in the case of Yatta, Ad Dahiriya and , figure 5.

400000 Water Supply versus needs per community m3/month 350000

300000

250000

200000

150000

100000

50000

0 Tell Bil'in Jaba' Jenin Yatta Kurza Birqin 'Anata At Tira At Far'ata Beitillo ' Mas-ha Al Al Heila Burham Kafr Ra'i Kafr 'Ein Kafr Fuqeiqis Ar Ar Rihiya Al Al Walaja Beit Beit Beit Beit 'Amra Beit Beit Ta'mir Na'im Bani Dura al Qar' Dura al Deir Deir Ammar Kafr Deir Ash Ash Shuyukh An Nabi AnSalih Al Al Mughayyir Adh Dhahiriya Adh Zeita Zeita Jamma'in Jubbet Jubbet adh Dhib Al Fawwar Camp Al Fawwar Majdal Bani Majdal Fadil Bani BaniQarawat Ad DuheishaAd Camp Al Lubban al Al LubbanGharbi Beit ar alRush Beit ar Fauqa Khirbet ash TawilKhirbet Shih (Beit Lahm) Bethlehem (Beit As Sawahira ash Sharqiya As Sawahira Ar Ram al & Ar Ram DahiyatBareed

Total Supply Total Needs

Figure 5: Supply and needs of each community

Communities perceive that water quality is acceptable to good and only 6% of communities stated that water quality is bad as shown in Figure 6.

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Perception on Water Quality

6% 17%

Good Acceptable

77% Bad

Figure 6: Water quality perception

3. Water Service Condition and Reliability

The assessment has shown that 3 communities are not served with water network while 35 are partially served with coverage of less than 90% and 76 communities are served with coverage more than 90%. It is concluded that 87% of population are covered by water network as shown in Figure 7.

Water Netwrok Coverage 70% 66% 60% 50% 40% 30% 23% 20%

communitiesof% 5% 10% 3% 2%

0% 3 2 6 27 76

0% 30 - 50% 51 - 70% 71 - 90% > 91% # of communities and % of coverage

Figure 7: Water service coverage

Water losses in the served communities varies from 0% to 55 %. The losses in nearly 43% of communities varies from 16 - 30% while it varies from 31 - 50 % in 39% of the served

WASH Assessment 2016 Page 19 communities and it exceeds 50% in 4% of the served communities as shown in figure 8. The losses are most likely in the form on none revenue water and not necessarily leakage.

Water Losses

50% 43% 39% 40% 30% 20% 14% 10% 4% Communitiesof% 0% 15 48 43 4

0-15% 16-30% 31-50% >50% # of communities and % of losses

Figure 8: Water losses Water price supplied by network also varies from 2 NIS/m3 in Qiffin to 6.8 NIS/m3 in several other localities in area with average price of 5 NIS / m3, while tanker water price varies from 6 NIS in Twani - to 50 NIS in Beitello - Deir Ammar and in Ramallah area with average price of 20.7 NIS / m3 as shown in Figure 9.

60 Water price from 50water network vs water tanker (NIS/m3)

3 50

40

30

20

Averageprice NIS m / 10

0 Tell Siris Dura Jaba' Jenin Yatta Salim Kurza Qusra Yatma Osarin Karma Kharas Beitillo Tayasir 'Azmut Aqraba Kufeirit As Sura Imreish Al Al Heila Al Al Majd Kafr Ra'i Kafr Fuqeiqis Beit Jammala Ar Ar Rihiya Qabatiya Beit Beit Furik Jamma'in Beit Beit Beit Fajjar At TuwaniAt Beit Beit 'Amra Beit Beit Ta'mir Na'im Bani Um Al-Khair Deir Deir Ammar Beit Ummar Ash ShuyukhAsh Al Al Mughayyir Adh Dhahiriya Adh 'Asira al Qibliya 'Asira al Hadab al Hadab'Alaqa Jubbet Jubbet adh Dhib Al Fawwar Camp Al Fawwar Majdal Bani Majdal Fadil Bani Ad DuheishaAd Camp Deir al 'Asal al'Asal Deir alFauqa Beit ar alRush Beit Fauqa ar Khirbet ash TawilKhirbet Shih Bethlehem (Beit Lahm) Bethlehem (Beit Jaba' (Tajammu' Badawi) (Tajammu'Jaba' As Sawahira ash Sharqiya As Sawahira Khashem Adaraj (Al-Hathaleen) Khashem

Average Price of water from network (NIS/m3) Water tankers

Figure 9: Comparing water price from network versus tankers

It was also noticed that there are huge variation in paying for water bill across the surveyed communities. Some communities are not paying such as Salim, Umm Adaraj, and Kh. Tawail

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Esheikh while percentage of bill payment in the rest of communities varies from 2% to 100%. The average water bill payment was found to be 56% as shown in figure 10.

Percent of Water bill payment

120 100 100

80

60

40 % bill payment bill %

20 2 3 5 0 Tell Bil'in Jaba' Jenin Yatta Kurza Birqin Tubas Qusra Qaffin Iktaba Yatma 'Anata Osarin At Tira At Kharas Far'ata Beitillo 'Azmut Kufeirit Zububa Mas-ha Imreish Al Al Heila Burham Kafr 'Ein Kafr Kafr Kafr Ra'i Beit Sira Fuqeiqis Ar Ar Rihiya Qabatiya Beit Beit Furik Al Walaja Beit Beit Fajjar Beit Beit 'Amra Bani Na'im Bani Beit Beit Ta'mir Dura al Qar' Dura al Beit Beit Ummar Deir Deir Ammar Kafr Kafr Jammal Deir Deir Nidham Ash ShuyukhAsh Al Al Mughayyir Nabi AnSalih Adh Dhahiriya Adh Zeita Zeita Jamma'in Jubbet Jubbet adh Dhib Al Fawwar Camp Al Fawwar Majdal Bani Majdal Fadil Bani Qarawat Bani ZeidBaniQarawat Ad DuheishaAd Camp Al Lubban al Al LubbanGharbi Beit ar alRush Beit Fauqa ar Khirbet ash TawilKhirbet Shih Bethlehem (Beit Lahm) Bethlehem (Beit As Sawahira ash Sharqiya As Sawahira Ar Ram al & Ar Ram DahiyatBareed Figure 10: Percent of water bill payment In addition, the per capita water use also vary substantially among the surveyed communities. It vary from 36 to 173 LCD per day in summer while it varies from 18 to 132 litres in winter as shown in Figure 11. In the meantime, the weighted average per capita water use is 68 LCD

200 Per Capita Domestic Water Use in Summer and Winter (LCD) 180 160 173 140 120 100 LCD 80 60 20 40 20 0 Tell Bil'in Jaba' Jenin Yatta Kurza Birqin Tubas Qusra Qaffin Iktaba Yatma Osarin 'Anata At Tira At Kharas Far'ata Beitillo 'Azmut Kufeirit Mas-ha Zububa Imreish Al Al Heila Burham Kafr Ra'i Kafr 'Ein Kafr Beit Sira Fuqeiqis Ar Ar Rihiya Qabatiya Al Al Walaja Beit Beit Furik Beit Beit Fajjar Beit Beit 'Amra Beit Beit Ta'mir Na'im Bani Dura al Qar' Dura al Deir Deir Ammar Beit Ummar Kafr JammalKafr Deir Deir Nidham Ash Ash Shuyukh An Nabi AnSalih Al Al Mughayyir Adh Dhahiriya Adh Zeita Zeita Jamma'in Jubbet Jubbet adh Dhib Al Fawwar Camp Al Fawwar Majdal Bani Majdal Fadil Bani Qarawat Bani Zeid BaniQarawat Ad DuheishaAd Camp Al Lubban al Al LubbanGharbi Beit ar alRush Beit ar Fauqa Khirbet ash TawilKhirbet Shih Bethlehem (Beit Lahm) Bethlehem (Beit As Sawahira ash Sharqiya As Sawahira Ar Ram al & Ar Ram DahiyatBareed

LCD in Summer LCD in Winter

Figure 11: Per capita daily water use The big variation in the per capita water use is likely to be a result of the following: WASH Assessment 2016 Page 21

1. The communities that are not paying their water bills, especially the camps, are using water freely and not affected by the water bill. 2. The average population number was estimated based on population figures of PCBS for the year 2015. 3. Some cummnities especially in the southern part of Hebron are herding communities and therefore most of the water used is for animal watering. 4. The quantites supplied for some communities are not sufficient. 5. The price of supplied water by tankers is very high which limits the quantity that people can purchase or use.

4. Sanitation and Hygiene Situation

The sanitation situation in the surveyed comuniteis is somewhat typical to the rest of Palestinian communities in the West Bank where almost 81.5% of the population are using cesspits and 0.3% using open disposal while only 18.2% of the population in the surveyed communities are connected to wastewater collection and possibly treatment system as shown in Figure 12.

Wastewater Disposal Method (% of population)

0.3% 18.2%

81.5%

Wastewater Network Cesspit Open

Figure 12: Wastewater disposal mean

The population connected to wastewater network (partially) are those in the cities such Jenin and Bethlehem refugee camps, Jenin, Fawwar, , etc. as well as some villages such as Kharas, El Khader, Dura Elqare', etc. where average wastewater network coverage is nearly 54% in the 20 communities listed as partially connected to wastewater network and vary from 1% in As Sawahreh Ash Sharqiyeh to 100% in some camps (Jenin, Nurshams, etc).

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In addition, the average solid waste collection in the 115 communities is nearly 90% and varies from zero in nearly 6% of the communities to 100% in 66% of the surveyed communities as shown in figure 13.

Percent of Communities with Solid Waste Collection

66% 70% 60% 50%

40%

30% 20% 20% 6% 6% 10% 2% % of Communitiesof% 0% 7 2 7 23 76 0% 1 -50% 70 -80% 81-99% 100%

Figure 13: Solid waste collection %

5. Impact of Checkpoints on water tankers

The impact of checkpoints on the target communities vary between communities not affected by the checkpoints and communities highly effected by the checkpoints as shown in Figure 14. It can be noticed that nearly 4% of population (31.414 people) in the target communities are highly affected by the checkpoints and 8% moderately affected.

Effect of Checkpoints on Effect of Checkpoints on Population Communities 4% 8% 9 12

88% 94

High Effect Intermediate Effect No Effect High Effect Intermediate Effect No Effect

Figure 14: Impact of checkpoints on number of population (a) and number of communities (b)

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6. Distance to Nearist Filling Point

It was also noticed that almost 54% of the communities are relying on filling points either as main source of supply or alternative water supply. The distance of the nearist filling point to the community center varies from zero to 10.000 m, with average 2440 m. It was also realised that the distance of the nearest filling point for 16% of the communities is more than 5000 m as shown in Figure 15.

Distance to Filling Points by Number and % of

Communities 60% 52% 50% 40%

30% 18% 20% 15% 16%

Communitiesof% 10% 0% 32 11 9 10 0 - 1500 1501 - 3000 3000 - 5000 >5000 Diestance to Filling Point (m)

Figure 15: Distance to filling point by communities

7. Major WASH Needs

It was concluded that communities need more interventions to increase water quantity available and improve existing water infrastructure including construct more water networks and reservoirs as well as reduce leakage and improve water billing. In addition, improving the water quality through better chlorination and stop pollution sources. Construct more cisterns and more storage facilities was also among the list of needs as well as constructing wastewater collection and treatment systems. More details are presented in Tables below:

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a- Jenin, Tubas, Tulkarem, Qalqiliya, Nablus, and Districts:

Recognized More Details and affected communities Needs (Proposed Actions) Problem 1- Water Supply - Low LCD especially in summer (Most communities in - Increasing water supply, or finding Shortage Nablus and Jenin districts). new water sources. - No justice in water distribution in some shared - Monitoring shared water supply water supply points, due to landscape or proximity points periodically from the water supply point. Such as in Burin, ‘Asira al - Replacing water meters by prepaid Qibliya, Jama'in and Zeita Jamma'in. ones (Most municipalities and - High costs of purchased water tankers, which causes councils are calling for this). also low rate of water bills collection. Such as in - Awareness for citizens and tankers Salim, Jaba', and Jenin. owners. - Using uncontrolled water quality agricultural - Rehabilitation of wells and springs groundwater wells or shallow ones. Such as in, Birqin, - New cisterns for domestic use and Beit Qad, Jalqamus, and Al Mughayyir. rehabilitation for old ones - Using uncontrolled water quality local springs, which - Connecting some local springs to are contaminated by sewage leakage from cesspits. water network, such as in Kafr ad Dik. Such as in Tell, Jurish, Qusra, and Zububa. - Large scale water harvesting - Lack of large scale water harvesting projects, such as projects. in Arraba, and Qusra. 2- High Water - Bad conditions of old water networks. Losses are - Rehabilitation of water networks. Losses more than 35% and can reach 55%. Such as in - Tariffs study. Kufeirit, Kafr Ra'i, Jalqamus, Al Mughayyir, and Jaba'. - Replacing the hoses by metallic - Sometimes water supply from sources is enough but pipes. high losses makes water crisis. Such as in Beit Imrin, - Regular readings of water meters. Azmut, Salim, Jamma’in, Kufeirit, Kafr Ra'i, Jalqamus, - Monitoring water service provided Al Mughayyir, Jaba', Iktaba, Nur Shams Camp, Baqat by municipalities and village council al Hatab. periodically. - Bad design, implementation of water network even - Awareness programs for citizens new ones. Such as in Zububa, and Zabda. - Most expansions of water networks are made by hoses (Most communities). - In some communities high losses even with new water networks may be caused by irregular readings of water meters, or illegal access to water network. Such as in Jurish, and Bir al Basha. 3- Low Water - Water quality is good from source, but it is affected - Rehabilitation of water networks. Quality by wastewater leakage in old water networks. Such as - Rehabilitation of groundwater in Beit Imrin, Azmut, Salim, Jamma’in, Yatma, Qiffin, wells. Jalqamus, Al Mughayyir, and Kufeirit). - Controlling of water quality in - Using of available lower water quality sources cisterns and water tankers. (agricultural groundwater wells or shallow ones), that - Rehabilitation of cisterns and water probably have uncontrolled water quality. Such as in tankers. Birqin, Beit Qad, Jalqamus, and Al Mughayyir. - Controlling of water quality in local - Water quality of domestic cisterns and water springs. tankers (for communities depend totally or partially - Rehabilitation of springs to prevent on these sources) is uncontrolled. Such as most water pollution communities of Nablus, Jenin, Qalqiliya, Salfit - Awareness for citizens and tankers districts, and Tayaseer in Tubas district. owners. - Springs in some communities are contaminated by sewage leakage from cesspits. Such as in Tell, Jurish, Qusra, and Zububa.

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4- Wastewater - No wastewater networks in most surveyed - New wastewater networks with Disposal communities. 38 out of 44 are without wastewater Wastewater treatment plants Problems networks, 4 are covered partially (without (WWTP). wastewater treatment plant (WWTP)), and only 2 are - Expansion of existing wastewater covered totally with WWTP. networks, and (WWTP) - Springs in some communities are contaminated by - Rehabilitation of springs. sewage leakage from cesspits. Affected communities - Removing pollution sources are: Tell, Jurish, Qusra, and Zububa. - Random wastewater disposal from settlements or military camps to lands around or near some the communities, which causes odours insects and rodents. Affected communities are: Wadi as Zumer near Nur Shams Camp, kafr ad Dik, and Zububa. 5- Solid Waste - Many of the solid waste disposal methods are - Providing solid waste collection Disposal dumpsites, due to the high cost of Zahret Al-finjan trucks and containers Problems landfill. 13 out of44 surveyed communities are using - Removing pollution sources. dumpsites (8 out of 16 in Nablus, 3 out of 3 in salfit - Tariffs study for solid waste disposal and 2 out of 2 in Qalqiliya. in landfills. - Some locations are in need for containers and solid waste collection truck (18 out of 44 need containers, and 6 out of 44 need trucks). - Random solid waste disposal dumpsites causes odours insects and rodents. Such as Dumpsite near Kafr ad Dik. 6- Low Rate - Low rate of water bills collection. Such as in Jenin, - Awareness programs for citizens Collection of , Jaba', Qabatiya, Nur Shams Camp, Salim, - Replacing water meters by prepay Water Bills ‘Azmut, Jammai’n, and Kafr ad Dik. This causes ones (most municipalities and irregular readings for household water meters. Such councils are calling for this). as in Salim, Kafr ad Dik. 7- Weak Capacity - An acute shortage of technical staff for water service - Formation of more water Joined of Following up within the village councils, including maintenance, councils. Water Services collection and meter readers. - Increasing of technical staff for - Lack of necessary maintenance tools for the water water service within the village networks, and losses follow-up tools. councils. - Some councils still do not have a computerize - Capacity building for workers in this system to track the water network information about sector even water joint councils to and the (quantities of water supply, consumption and improve water service losses), or documentation system. - Encouraging computerize water - Maintenance in water network occurs in the event system use and providing training for of breakdowns, complaints, or problems occur, and staff to access water services maintenance operations are not documented clearly. information. - Most old water network has no as built-planned, - Encouraging documentation system and most expansion in network executed randomly use and providing training for staff. even with hoses.

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8- Israeli - In the settlers sometimes attack the sites of Occupation main reservoirs, or closing the water supply valves. Obstacles Such as in Burin, and Asira al Qibliya. - Refusal of main reservoir licenses. Such as in Bir al Basha. - Temporary checkpoints disturb the movement of water tankers. Such as in Beit Qad. - Notice of demolition for agricultural cisterns. Such as in Jurish. - Random wastewater disposal from settlements or military locations to lands around or near some communities which causes odours insects and rodents wastewater, Such as in Kafr ad Dik, and Zububa.

b- Ramallah, and Jerusalem Districts:

Recognized More Details and affected communities Needs (Proposed Actions) Problem 1- Water Supply Many communities are suffering from water cut-offs - Increasing of water quantities Shortage during summer season, such as al Nabi , Mazara’ from the source. al Nobani, Qarawat Bani Zaid, Kfr ‘Ein, Beit Ello, - Constructing water reservoirs and Jamallah. Currently they are using water scheduling booster stations. by zones to distribute water, this problem refers to inadequate water quantities from the source and because of the lack of water reservoirs. 2- High Water In some communities water losses are very high with - Water networks rehabilitation is Losses 45% in average such as in ‘Abud, al Azariya, al Nabi the main intervention to reduce this Saleh, Deir Abu Mishal, and Anat. This significant huge loss of water. water loss refers to the water networks aging (1970’s) - Improvement and development of and poor maintenance. water networks maintenance capacity and tools is a very workable subject at the future level to keep losses within range. 3- Low Water This problem were detected in some communities - Constructing new water network Quality like Deir Ammar, Jammala, and Beit Ello. Since there to replace the old ones. are an evidences of water borne diseases and this is - Constructing new reservoirs to refering to the sewage water leaks from cesspits to work as a supplementary source in the water network which is very old (1980’s) and with water cut-offs cases. bad condition. 4- Wastewater Less than 10% of the scanned communities are - Construction of public wastewater Disposal partially connected to public wastewater networks networks and treatment plants. Problems and the rest are still using traditional cesspits, - Installation of household grey therefore these communities are suffering from water treatment units. wastewater contamination and leaks which is affect both environment and health moreover the increase of wastewater freely discharge to wadis and open space.

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5- Solid Waste In general most communities are suffering from the Constructing shared sanitary Disposal lack of sanitary landfills and they are using shared landfills, providing solid waste Problems dumpsites and random sites such in ‘Abud, al vehicles, providing solid waste Sawahra al Sharqya, al Shekh Saed, Bani Zaid, and containers. Deir Ammar camp. In addition no solid waste vehicles are available and they are using traditional ways like tractors to collect solid wastes and this is will affect the hygiene and health conditions as well as the environment in these localities. 6- Low Rate - Low rate of water bills collection, due to irregular - Awareness programs for citizens Collection of readings for household water meters. - Replacing water meters by prepay Water Bills ones. 7- Weak Capacity - An acute shortage of technical staff for water service - Formation of more water Joined of Following up within the village councils, including maintenance, councils. Water Services collection and meter readers. - Increasing of technical staff for - Lack of necessary maintenance tools for the water water service within the village networks, and losses follow-up tools. councils. - Some councils still do not have a computerize - Capacity building for workers in system to track the water network information about this sector even water joint councils and the (quantities of water supply, consumption and to improve water service losses), or documentation system. - Encouraging computerize water - Maintenance in water network occurs in the event system use and providing training of breakdowns, complaints, or problems occur, and for staff to access information- maintenance operations are not documented clearly. - Encouraging documentation - Most old water network has no as built-planned, system use and providing training and most expansion in network executed randomly for staff. even with hoses. 8- Israeli - In area C the settlers sometimes attack the sites of Occupation main reservoirs, or closing the water supply valves. - Obstacles Refusal of main reservoir licenses. - Temporary checkpoints disturb the movement of water tankers. - Notice of demolition for agricultural cisterns. - Random wastewater disposal from settlements or military locations to lands around or near some communities which causes odours insects and rodents wastewater.

c- Bethlehem and Hebron:

Recognized More Details and affected communities Needs (Proposed Actions) Problem 1- Water Supply In the south of west Bank, the water flow rates are - Increasing the water supply for these Shortage insufficient, and in some communities it is communities. available only once per month or less. Such as in - Pressure on the Israeli side in order to : Wadi Rahhal, Umm get a full water rights. Salamuna, and Beit Fajjar in Bethlehem Governorate, and Bani Na'im, Dura, Fuqeiqis, Khursa, Al Majd, Al Heila, As Sura, Ar Rihiya, Deir al 'Asal al Fauqa, Imreish, Hadab al 'Alaqa, Beit ar Rush al Fauqa, Karma, Beit 'Amra, Yatta, Kurza,

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and Adh Dhahiriya in .

2- High Water Old/improper water pipes, absence of some - Replacing damaged pipes. Losses fittings and leak monitoring equipment and - Adding proper mechanical parts like reservoirs besides poor functioning of bill recovery air valves, pressure reducing pipes, system leads to high water losses. Such pressure zoning, household meters. communities are: Beit Lahm City, Al Walaja, Al - Replacement and constructing of Khadr, Ad Duheisha Camp, Artas, Beit Ta'mir, reservoirs. Jubbet adh Dhib in Bethlehem Governorate, and Kharas, Sa'ir, Al Fawwar Camp, Om Adaraj (Arab Al Ka’abneh, Khashem Adaraj (Al-Hathaleen), Um Al- Khair, and At Tuwani in Hebron Governorate. 3- Low Water Mostly in areas using springs, and those - Protection of existing springs from Quality depending mainly on cisterns for rainwater pollution. harvesting such as - Cleaning of water harvesting Battir in Bethlehem Governorate and Khirbet Tawil catchment areas, and cisterns. ash Shih in Hebron Governorate. - Increasing awareness among people. 4- Wastewater Sewer system exist only in main cities and refugee Constructing waste water networks. Disposal camps, and without treatment. Remained areas Problems are using cesspits or septic tanks. 5- Solid Waste Although a central landfill exists in the south of Improving solid waste collection and Disposal West Bank, the collection and transportation transportation system Problems system for the solid waste is below the required level by communities. 6- Low Rate - Low rate of water bills collection, due to irregular - Awareness programs for citizens Collection of readings for household water meters. - Replacing water meters by prepay Water Bills ones. 7- Weak Capacity - An acute shortage of technical staff for water - Formation of more water Joined of Following up service within the village councils, including councils. Water Services maintenance, collection and meter readers. - Increasing of technical staff for water - Lack of necessary maintenance tools for the service within the village councils. water networks, and losses follow-up tools. - Capacity building for workers in this - Some councils still do not have a computerize sector even water joint councils to system to track the water network information improve water service about and the (quantities of water supply, - Encouraging computerize water consumption and losses), or documentation system use and providing training for system. staff to access information- - Maintenance in water network occurs in the - Encouraging documentation system event of breakdowns, complaints, or problems use and providing training for staff. occur, and maintenance operations are not documented clearly. - Most old water network has no as built-planned, and most expansion in network executed randomly even with hoses.

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8- Israeli - In area C the settlers sometimes attack the sites Occupation of main reservoirs, or closing the water supply Obstacles valves. - Refusal of main reservoir licenses. - Temporary checkpoints disturb the movement of water tankers. - Notice of demolition for agricultural cisterns. - Random wastewater disposal from settlements or military locations to lands around or near some communities which causes odours insects and rodents wastewater.

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APPENDIXES

APPENDIX – A: Surveyed Communities (Phase 2)

APPENDIX – B: Questionnaires

APPENDIX – C: Tables

APPENDIX – D: Maps

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APPENDIX–A: Surveyed Communities (Phase 2)

Communities of phase 2 were selected according to one or more of the following criteria, depending on the available data collected in 2009:

1- Bad water quality 2- LCD < 40 3- Water losses > 40% 4- Water tankers prices > 30 NIS/m3 5- Without water networks and population > 1000 6- Without waste water networks and population > 10000 In addition, the communities covered by other agencies were excluded.

The number of selected communities is 118. Jammaleh community was added to the list, because it is sharing one municipality with Deir Ammar, and Beitillo, which are already in the list. So the number of selected communities became 119.

During the field work four communities in Hebron district were not surveyed: Sa’ir, , Al’Arrub Camp (due to difficulties of getting data from local councils), and Khirbit Bir al ‘Idd, which is a seasonal community. So the number of surveyed communities was 115. They are shown in the following table and map:

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Selected Communities for Phase 2

SN ID Name District Population Surveyed? 1 10005 Zububa Jenin 2355 Yes 2 10140 Beit Qad Jenin 1762 Yes 3 10180 Jenin Jenin 47498 Yes 4 10185 Jenin Camp Jenin 12630 Yes 5 10220 Birqin Jenin 6923 Yes 6 10245 Zabda Jenin 1150 Yes 7 10275 Kufeirit Jenin 2930 Yes 8 10305 Jalqamus Jenin 2426 Yes 9 10310 Al Mughayyir Jenin 2947 Yes 10 10320 Bir al Basha Jenin 1592 Yes 11 10340 Qabatiya Jenin 23378 Yes 12 10370 Arraba Jenin 12080 Yes 13 10465 Kafr Ra'i Jenin 8968 Yes 14 10600 Siris Jenin 5950 Yes 15 10605 Jaba' Jenin 10341 Yes 16 50550 Tayasir Tubas 3031 Yes 17 50610 Tubas Tubas 19672 Yes 18 50755 Tubas 13146 Yes 19 100290 Qaffin 10213 Yes 20 100530 Deir al Ghusun Tulkarm 10037 Yes 21 100595 Iktaba Tulkarm 3245 Yes 22 100620 Nur Shams Camp Tulkarm 7890 Yes 23 100900 Kafr Jammal Tulkarm 2952 Yes 24 150705 Beit Imrin Nablus 3435 Yes 25 150910 'Azmut Nablus 3227 Yes 26 150955 Salim Nablus 6164 Yes 27 150990 Tell Nablus 5290 Yes 28 151080 Burin Nablus 2812 Yes 29 151090 Beit Furik Nablus 12591 Yes 30 151095 'Asira al Qibliya Nablus 2881 Yes 31 151230 Zeita Jamma'in Nablus 2576 Yes 32 151245 Jamma'in Nablus 7581 Yes 33 151265 Osarin Nablus 1963 Yes 34 151270 Aqraba Nablus 9961 Yes 35 151325 Yatma Nablus 3474 Yes 36 151345 Jurish Nablus 1705 Yes 37 151365 Qusra Nablus 5330 Yes 38 151375 Nablus 3439 Yes 39 151385 Nablus 2901 Yes 40 200965 Baqat al Hatab Qalqiliya 2002 Yes 41 201015 Far'ata Qalqiliya 782 Yes 42 251310 Haris Salfit 3790 Yes 43 251320 Mas-ha Salfit 2439 Yes 44 251425 Kafr ad Dik Salfit 5545 Yes

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45 301455 Qarawat Bani Zeid Ramallah 3550 Yes 46 301460 Mazari' an Nubani Ramallah 2725 Yes 47 301470 Kafr 'Ein Ramallah 2123 Yes 48 301480 Bani Zeid Ramallah 6716 Yes 49 301495 Al Lubban al Gharbi Ramallah 1797 Yes 50 301535 'Abud Ramallah 2538 Yes 51 301540 An Ramallah 650 Yes 52 301555 Al Mazra'a ash Sharqiya Ramallah 5474 Yes 53 301560 Deir Nidham Ramallah 1070 Yes 54 301570 Deir Abu Mash'al Ramallah 4289 Yes 55 301585 Burham Ramallah 750 Yes 56 301595 Ramallah 5476 Yes 57 301620 Beitillo Ramallah 3530 Yes 58 301630 Jammala Ramallah 1665 Yes 59 301655 Deir Ammar Ramallah 2765 Yes 60 301660 Deir 'Ammar Camp Ramallah 2233 Yes 61 301680 Dura al Qar' Ramallah 3528 Yes 62 301740 Al Janiya Ramallah 1416 Yes 63 301760 Bil'in Ramallah 2071 Yes 64 301815 Burqa Ramallah 2545 Yes 65 301850 Beit Sira Ramallah 3348 Yes 66 301860 Beit 'Ur al Fauqa Ramallah 1052 Yes 67 301890 At Tira Ramallah 1654 Yes 68 401910 Jaba' (Tajammu' Badawi) Jerusalem (J2) 88 Yes 69 401945 Ar Ram & Dahiyat al Bareed Jerusalem (J2) 24793 Yes 70 402000 An Jerusalem (J2) 314 Yes 71 402040 'Anata Jerusalem (J2) 14673 Yes 72 402100 Al 'Eizariya Jerusalem (J2) 21440 Yes 73 402145 As Sawahira ash Sharqiya Jerusalem (J2) 7063 Yes 74 402160 Ash Sheikh Sa'd Jerusalem (J2) 2373 Yes 75 452170 Al Walaja Bethlehem 2485 Yes 76 452175 Battir Bethlehem 4831 Yes 77 452240 Bethlehem (Beit Lahm) Bethlehem 30768 Yes 78 452270 Al Khadr Bethlehem 11903 Yes 79 452275 Ad Duheisha Camp Bethlehem 10638 Yes 80 452300 Artas Bethlehem 4461 Yes 81 452335 Beit Ta'mir Bethlehem 1497 Yes 82 452400 Wadi Rahhal Bethlehem 1728 Yes 83 452405 Jubbet adh Dhib Bethlehem 197 Yes 84 452480 Umm Salamuna Bethlehem 1151 Yes 85 452525 Beit Fajjar Bethlehem 13400 Yes 86 502450 Surif Hebron 16276 Yes 87 502530 Al 'Arrub Camp Hebron 9670 No data 88 502540 Beit Ummar Hebron 16498 Yes 89 502555 Shuyukh al 'Arrub Hebron 1888 Yes 90 502560 Kharas Hebron 8104 Yes 91 502620 Sa'ir Hebron 21975 No data

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92 502630 Halhul Hebron 26947 Yes 93 502635 Ash Shuyukh Hebron 10730 Yes 94 502685 Idhna Hebron 23152 No data 95 502781 (Aqabat Injeleh) Hebron 845 Yes 96 502815 Bani Na'im Hebron 24458 Yes 97 502840 Dura Hebron 34424 Yes 98 502875 Fuqeiqis Hebron 330 Yes 99 502895 Khursa Hebron 4189 Yes 100 502905 Al Fawwar Camp Hebron 7969 Yes 101 502910 Al Majd Hebron 2344 Yes 102 502935 Al Heila Hebron 1555 Yes 103 502950 As Sura Hebron 2344 Yes 104 502960 Ar Rihiya Hebron 4809 Yes 105 502970 Deir al 'Asal al Fauqa Hebron 1946 Yes 106 502980 Imreish Hebron 2028 Yes 107 503040 Hadab al 'Alaqa Hebron 781 Yes 108 503090 Beit ar Rush al Fauqa Hebron 1192 Yes 109 503095 Karma Hebron 1688 Yes 110 503100 Beit 'Amra Hebron 2636 Yes 111 503105 Om Adaraj (Arab Al Ka’abneh) Hebron 990 Yes 112 503120 Yatta Hebron 59272 Yes 113 503126 Khashem Adaraj (Al-Hathaleen) Hebron 738 Yes 114 503135 Kurza Hebron 939 Yes 115 503210 Um Al-Khair Hebron 628 Yes 116 503245 Adh Dhahiriya Hebron 35043 Yes 117 503255 At Tuwani Hebron 397 Yes 118 503325 Khirbet Tawil ash Shih Hebron 222 Yes 119 503360 Khirbet Bir al 'Idd Hebron 145 Seasonal

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APPENDIX–A: Surveyed Communities (Phase 2)

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APPENDIX–B: Questionnaires

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APPENDIX–C: Tables

C1: Information Concerning all the Surveyed Communities

Sanitation Services

WW Cesspits or Open SN ID Name District Population network septic tanks methods (%) (%) for ww (%) 1 10005 Zububa Jenin 2355 0 100 0 2 10140 Beit Qad Jenin 1762 0 100 0 3 10180 Jenin Jenin 47498 70 30 0 4 10185 Jenin Camp Jenin 12630 100 0 0 5 10220 Birqin Jenin 6923 0 100 0 6 10245 Zabda Jenin 1150 0 100 0 7 10275 Kufeirit Jenin 2930 0 100 0 8 10305 Jalqamus Jenin 2426 0 100 0 9 10310 Al Mughayyir Jenin 2947 0 100 0 10 10320 Bir al Basha Jenin 1592 0 100 0 11 10340 Qabatiya Jenin 23378 0 100 0 12 10370 Arraba Jenin 12080 0 100 0 13 10465 Kafr Ra'i Jenin 8968 0 100 0 14 10600 Siris Jenin 5950 0 100 0 15 10605 Jaba' Jenin 10341 0 100 0 16 50550 Tayasir Tubas 3031 0 100 0 17 50610 Tubas Tubas 19672 0 100 0 18 50755 Tammun Tubas 13146 0 100 0 19 100290 Qaffin Tulkarm 10213 0 99 1 20 100530 Deir al Ghusun Tulkarm 10037 0 100 0 21 100595 Iktaba Tulkarm 3245 35 65 0 22 100620 Nur Shams Camp Tulkarm 7890 100 0 0 23 100900 Kafr Jammal Tulkarm 2952 0 100 0 24 150705 Beit Imrin Nablus 3435 0 98 2 25 150910 'Azmut Nablus 3227 70 30 0 26 150955 Salim Nablus 6164 60 40 0 27 150990 Tell Nablus 5290 0 100 0 28 151080 Burin Nablus 2812 0 100 0 29 151090 Beit Furik Nablus 12591 0 100 0 30 151095 'Asira al Qibliya Nablus 2881 0 100 0

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WW Cesspits or Open SN ID Name District Population network septic tanks methods (%) (%) for ww (%) 31 151230 Zeita Jamma'in Nablus 2576 0 100 0 32 151245 Jamma'in Nablus 7581 0 100 0 33 151265 Osarin Nablus 1963 0 100 0 34 151270 Aqraba Nablus 9961 0 100 0 35 151325 Yatma Nablus 3474 0 100 0 36 151345 Jurish Nablus 1705 0 100 0 37 151365 Qusra Nablus 5330 0 100 0 38 151375 Talfit Nablus 3439 0 100 0 39 151385 Majdal Bani Fadil Nablus 2901 0 100 0 40 200965 Baqat al Hatab Qalqiliya 2002 0 100 0 41 201015 Far'ata Qalqiliya 782 0 100 0 42 251310 Haris Salfit 3790 0 100 0 43 251320 Mas-ha Salfit 2439 0 100 0 44 251425 Kafr ad Dik Salfit 5545 0 100 0 45 301455 Qarawat Bani Zeid Ramallah 3550 0 100 0 46 301460 Mazari' an Nubani Ramallah 2725 0 100 0 47 301470 Kafr 'Ein Ramallah 2123 0 100 0 48 301480 Bani Zeid Ramallah 6716 4 96 0 49 301495 Al Lubban al Gharbi Ramallah 1797 0 100 0 50 301535 'Abud Ramallah 2538 0 100 0 51 301540 An Nabi Salih Ramallah 650 0 100 0 52 301555 Al Mazra'a ash Sharqiya Ramallah 5474 0 100 0 53 301560 Deir Nidham Ramallah 1070 0 100 0 54 301570 Deir Abu Mash'al Ramallah 4289 0 100 0 55 301585 Burham Ramallah 750 0 100 0 56 301595 Shuqba Ramallah 5476 7 93 0 57 301620 Beitillo Ramallah 3530 0 100 0 58 301630 Jammala Ramallah 1665 0 100 0 59 301655 Deir Ammar Ramallah 2765 0 100 0 60 301660 Deir 'Ammar Camp Ramallah 2233 0 100 0 61 301680 Dura al Qar' Ramallah 3528 50 50 0 62 301740 Al Janiya Ramallah 1416 5 95 0 63 301760 Bil'in Ramallah 2071 0 100 0 64 301815 Burqa Ramallah 2545 0 100 0 65 301850 Beit Sira Ramallah 3348 0 100 0 66 301860 Beit 'Ur al Fauqa Ramallah 1052 0 100 0

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WW Cesspits or Open SN ID Name District Population network septic tanks methods (%) (%) for ww (%) 67 301890 At Tira Ramallah 1654 0 100 0 68 401910 Jaba' (Tajammu' Badawi) Jerusalem (J2) 88 0 50 50 69 401945 Ar Ram & Dahiyat al Bareed Jerusalem (J2) 24793 50 50 0 70 402000 An Nabi Samwil Jerusalem (J2) 314 0 80 20 71 402040 'Anata Jerusalem (J2) 14673 95 5 0 72 402100 Al 'Eizariya Jerusalem (J2) 21440 2 98 0 73 402145 As Sawahira ash Sharqiya Jerusalem (J2) 7063 1 99 0 74 402160 Ash Sheikh Sa'd Jerusalem (J2) 2373 0 100 0 75 452170 Al Walaja Bethlehem 2485 0 100 0 76 452175 Battir Bethlehem 4831 0 100 0 77 452240 Bethlehem (Beit Lahm) Bethlehem 30768 85 15 0 78 452270 Al Khadr Bethlehem 11903 65 35 0 79 452275 Ad Duheisha Camp Bethlehem 10638 80 20 0 80 452300 Artas Bethlehem 4461 0 100 0 81 452335 Beit Ta'mir Bethlehem 1497 0 100 0 82 452400 Wadi Rahhal Bethlehem 1728 0 100 0 83 452405 Jubbet adh Dhib Bethlehem 197 0 100 0 84 452480 Umm Salamuna Bethlehem 1151 0 100 0 85 452525 Beit Fajjar Bethlehem 13400 0 100 0 86 502450 Surif Hebron 16276 0 100 0 87 502540 Beit Ummar Hebron 16498 0 90 10 88 502555 Shuyukh al 'Arrub Hebron 1888 85 15 0 89 502560 Kharas Hebron 8104 40 60 0 90 502630 Halhul Hebron 26947 0 100 0 91 502635 Ash Shuyukh Hebron 10730 0 100 0 92 502781 Al Bowereh (Aqabat Injeleh) Hebron 845 0 100 0 93 502815 Bani Na'im Hebron 24458 0 100 0 94 502840 Dura Hebron 34424 0 100 0 95 502875 Fuqeiqis Hebron 330 0 100 0 96 502895 Khursa Hebron 4189 0 100 0 97 502905 Al Fawwar Camp Hebron 7969 90 10 0 98 502910 Al Majd Hebron 2344 0 100 0 99 502935 Al Heila Hebron 1555 0 100 0 100 502950 As Sura Hebron 2344 0 100 0 101 502960 Ar Rihiya Hebron 4809 0 100 0 102 502970 Deir al 'Asal al Fauqa Hebron 1946 0 100 0

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WW Cesspits or Open SN ID Name District Population network septic tanks methods (%) (%) for ww (%) 103 502980 Imreish Hebron 2028 0 100 0 104 503040 Hadab al 'Alaqa Hebron 781 0 100 0 105 503090 Beit ar Rush al Fauqa Hebron 1192 0 100 0 106 503095 Karma Hebron 1688 0 100 0 107 503100 Beit 'Amra Hebron 2636 0 100 0 108 503105 Om Adaraj (Arab Al Ka’abneh) Hebron 990 0 100 0 109 503120 Yatta Hebron 59272 0 100 0 110 503126 Khashem Adaraj (Al-Hathaleen) Hebron 738 0 90 10 111 503135 Kurza Hebron 939 0 100 0 112 503210 Um Al-Khair Hebron 628 0 95 5 113 503245 Adh Dhahiriya Hebron 35043 0 100 0 114 503255 At Tuwani Hebron 397 0 100 0 115 503325 Khirbet Tawil ash Shih Hebron 222 0 0 100

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Hospitals and Health Centres

No. of No. of No. of Public SN ID Name District Population Public Private Health Hospitals Hospitals Centers 1 10005 Zububa Jenin 2355 0 0 2 2 10140 Beit Qad Jenin 1762 0 0 1 3 10180 Jenin Jenin 47498 1 2 2 4 10185 Jenin Camp Jenin 12630 0 0 1 5 10220 Birqin Jenin 6923 0 0 1 6 10245 Zabda Jenin 1150 0 0 1 7 10275 Kufeirit Jenin 2930 0 0 1 8 10305 Jalqamus Jenin 2426 0 0 1 9 10310 Al Mughayyir Jenin 2947 0 0 1 10 10320 Bir al Basha Jenin 1592 0 0 1 11 10340 Qabatiya Jenin 23378 0 0 2 12 10370 Arraba Jenin 12080 0 0 2 13 10465 Kafr Ra'i Jenin 8968 0 0 2 14 10600 Siris Jenin 5950 0 0 1 15 10605 Jaba' Jenin 10341 0 0 2 16 50550 Tayasir Tubas 3031 0 0 1 17 50610 Tubas Tubas 19672 1 0 4 18 50755 Tammun Tubas 13146 0 0 2 19 100290 Qaffin Tulkarm 10213 0 0 1 20 100530 Deir al Ghusun Tulkarm 10037 0 0 1 21 100595 Iktaba Tulkarm 3245 0 0 1 22 100620 Nur Shams Camp Tulkarm 7890 0 0 1 23 100900 Kafr Jammal Tulkarm 2952 0 0 1 24 150705 Beit Imrin Nablus 3435 0 0 1 25 150910 'Azmut Nablus 3227 0 0 1 26 150955 Salim Nablus 6164 0 0 1 27 150990 Tell Nablus 5290 0 0 1 28 151080 Burin Nablus 2812 0 0 1 29 151090 Beit Furik Nablus 12591 0 0 1 30 151095 'Asira al Qibliya Nablus 2881 0 0 1 31 151230 Zeita Jamma'in Nablus 2576 0 0 1 32 151245 Jamma'in Nablus 7581 0 0 1 33 151265 Osarin Nablus 1963 0 0 0 34 151270 Aqraba Nablus 9961 0 0 2 35 151325 Yatma Nablus 3474 0 0 1 36 151345 Jurish Nablus 1705 0 0 1 37 151365 Qusra Nablus 5330 0 0 2 38 151375 Talfit Nablus 3439 0 0 1 39 151385 Majdal Bani Fadil Nablus 2901 0 0 1 40 200965 Baqat al Hatab Qalqiliya 2002 0 0 1 41 201015 Far'ata Qalqiliya 782 0 0 0

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No. of No. of No. of Public SN ID Name District Population Public Private Health Hospitals Hospitals Centers 42 251310 Haris Salfit 3790 0 0 1 43 251320 Mas-ha Salfit 2439 0 0 1 44 251425 Kafr ad Dik Salfit 5545 0 0 1 45 301455 Qarawat Bani Zeid Ramallah 3550 0 0 1 46 301460 Mazari' an Nubani Ramallah 2725 0 0 1 47 301470 Kafr 'Ein Ramallah 2123 0 0 1 48 301480 Bani Zeid Ramallah 6716 0 0 2 49 301495 Al Lubban al Gharbi Ramallah 1797 0 0 2 50 301535 'Abud Ramallah 2538 0 0 2 51 301540 An Nabi Salih Ramallah 650 0 0 0 52 301555 Al Mazra'a ash Sharqiya Ramallah 5474 0 0 1 53 301560 Deir Nidham Ramallah 1070 0 0 1 54 301570 Deir Abu Mash'al Ramallah 4289 0 0 1 55 301585 Burham Ramallah 750 0 0 1 56 301595 Shuqba Ramallah 5476 0 0 1 57 301620 Beitillo Ramallah 3530 0 0 1 58 301630 Jammala Ramallah 1665 0 0 0 59 301655 Deir Ammar Ramallah 2765 0 0 1 60 301660 Deir 'Ammar Camp Ramallah 2233 0 0 1 61 301680 Dura al Qar' Ramallah 3528 0 0 1 62 301740 Al Janiya Ramallah 1416 0 0 1 63 301760 Bil'in Ramallah 2071 0 0 1 64 301815 Burqa Ramallah 2545 0 0 1 65 301850 Beit Sira Ramallah 3348 0 0 1 66 301860 Beit 'Ur al Fauqa Ramallah 1052 0 0 0 67 301890 At Tira Ramallah 1654 0 0 1 68 401910 Jaba' (Tajammu' Badawi) Jerusalem (J2) 88 0 0 0 69 401945 Ar Ram & Dahiyat al Bareed Jerusalem (J2) 24793 0 0 1 70 402000 An Nabi Samwil Jerusalem (J2) 314 0 0 1 71 402040 'Anata Jerusalem (J2) 14673 0 0 1 72 402100 Al 'Eizariya Jerusalem (J2) 21440 0 0 4 73 402145 As Sawahira ash Sharqiya Jerusalem (J2) 7063 0 0 1 74 402160 Ash Sheikh Sa'd Jerusalem (J2) 2373 0 0 1 75 452170 Al Walaja Bethlehem 2485 0 0 1 76 452175 Battir Bethlehem 4831 0 0 1 77 452240 Bethlehem (Beit Lahm) Bethlehem 30768 2 1 3 78 452270 Al Khadr Bethlehem 11903 0 1 1 79 452275 Ad Duheisha Camp Bethlehem 10638 0 0 1 80 452300 Artas Bethlehem 4461 0 0 0 81 452335 Beit Ta'mir Bethlehem 1497 0 0 0 82 452400 Wadi Rahhal Bethlehem 1728 0 0 0 83 452405 Jubbet adh Dhib Bethlehem 197 0 0 0 84 452480 Umm Salamuna Bethlehem 1151 0 0 0 WASH Assessment 2016 Page 45

No. of No. of No. of Public SN ID Name District Population Public Private Health Hospitals Hospitals Centers 85 452525 Beit Fajjar Bethlehem 13400 0 0 1 86 502450 Surif Hebron 16276 0 0 2 87 502540 Beit Ummar Hebron 16498 0 0 1 88 502555 Shuyukh al 'Arrub Hebron 1888 0 0 1 89 502560 Kharas Hebron 8104 0 0 1 90 502630 Halhul Hebron 26947 0 1 3 91 502635 Ash Shuyukh Hebron 10730 0 0 2 92 502781 Al Bowereh (Aqabat Injeleh) Hebron 845 0 0 0 93 502815 Bani Na'im Hebron 24458 0 1 1 94 502840 Dura Hebron 34424 0 0 4 95 502875 Fuqeiqis Hebron 330 0 0 1 96 502895 Khursa Hebron 4189 0 0 1 97 502905 Al Fawwar Camp Hebron 7969 0 0 1 98 502910 Al Majd Hebron 2344 0 0 0 99 502935 Al Heila Hebron 1555 0 0 0 100 502950 As Sura Hebron 2344 0 0 1 101 502960 Ar Rihiya Hebron 4809 0 0 1 102 502970 Deir al 'Asal al Fauqa Hebron 1946 0 0 1 103 502980 Imreish Hebron 2028 0 0 1 104 503040 Hadab al 'Alaqa Hebron 781 0 0 0 105 503090 Beit ar Rush al Fauqa Hebron 1192 0 0 1 106 503095 Karma Hebron 1688 0 0 1 107 503100 Beit 'Amra Hebron 2636 0 0 1 108 503105 Om Adaraj (Arab Al Ka’abneh) Hebron 990 0 0 1 109 503120 Yatta Hebron 59272 1 2 6 110 503126 Khashem Adaraj (Al-Hathaleen) Hebron 738 0 0 1 111 503135 Kurza Hebron 939 0 0 1 112 503210 Um Al-Khair Hebron 628 0 0 1 113 503245 Adh Dhahiriya Hebron 35043 1 0 3 114 503255 At Tuwani Hebron 397 0 0 1 115 503325 Khirbet Tawil ash Shih Hebron 222 0 0 1

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