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PALESTINIAN HYDROLOGY GROUP “PHG” Phase 2 FINAL REPORT

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PALESTINIAN HYDROLOGY GROUP “PHG” Phase 2 FINAL REPORT ﺟﻣﻌﯾﺔ اﻟﮭﯾدروﻟوﺟﯾﯾن اﻟﻔﻠﺳطﯾﻧﯾﯾن طوﯾر ﻣﺻﺎدر اﻟﻣﯾﺎه واﻟﺑﯾﺋﺔ PALESTINIAN HYDROLOGY GROUP “PHG” Preparation and progress of the capacity of answer to face to the water scarcity crisis affecting the Palestinian communities in West Bank, across a major efficacy of the participation of the civil society in the coordination and monitoring of the water resources and sanitation Phase 2 FINAL REPORT December 2016 WASH Assessment 2016 Page 1 Prepared & Written by: Project and Team Leader: Dr. Ayman Rabi GIS and Database Manager: Abdallah Abdelrazeq Field Survey Team: Sahira Gh. Kusa Abdulrauf Aburahma Anas Jada’ WASH Assessment 2016 Page 2 Table of Contents: TABLES OF FIGURES ............................................................................................................................................. 4 Acronyms ............................................................................................................................................................ 5 Executive Summary ............................................................................................................................................67 I:Background ......................................................................................................................................................89 II: Methodology .............................................................................................................................................. 1011 1. Selecting the Target Communities ....................................................................................................... 1011 2. Creation of a coordination group ........................................................................................................ 1011 3. Data collection tools on water and sanitation ..................................................................................... 1011 4. Data Base Design ................................................................................................................................ 1011 5. Data processing, analysis and storage into the database ..................................................................... 1112 6. Data dissemination and accessibility ................................................................................................... 1112 III: Availability and Accessibility to Water and Sanitation in Palestine.............................................................. 1213 1. Water Resources: ................................................................................................................................ 1213 2. Water Supply Quantity and Service Coverage...................................................................................... 1314 3. Wastewater Situation ......................................................................................................................... 1415 4. Water Governance .............................................................................................................................. 1516 IV: Major Findings of the WASH Situation in the 115 Communitiesand Proposed Response ............................ 1718 1. Introduction ....................................................................................................................................... 1718 2. Water Supply Quantity and Quality ................................................................................................... 1718 3. Water Service Condition and Reliability ............................................................................................. 1920 4. Sanitation and Hygiene Situation ....................................................................................................... 2223 5. Impact of Check points ....................................................................................................................... 2324 6. Distance to Nearist Filling Point ......................................................................................................... 2425 7. Major WASH Needs ............................................................................................................................ 2425 APPENDIXES .............................................................................................................................................. 3132 APPENDIX–A: Surveyed Communities (Phase 2) ................................................................................... 3233 APPENDIX–B: Questionnaires ................................................................................................................... 3738 APPENDIX–C: Tables ................................................................................................................................. 4042 APPENDIX–D: Maps ................................................................................................................................... 9193 WASH Assessment 2016 Page 3 TABLES OF FIGURES Figure1: Service coverage in both West Bank and Gaza ....................................................................................... 14 Figure 2:Volume of treated effluent that flows west and east and its treatment condition ................................. 15 Figure 3: Supplied versus needed water quantities .............................................................................................. 17 Figure 4: Water supply and needs in summer and winter .................................................................................... 18 Figure 5: Supply and needs of each community ................................................................................................... 18 Figure 6: Water quality perception ...................................................................................................................... 19 Figure 7: Water service coverage ......................................................................................................................... 19 Figure 8: Water losses .......................................................................................................................................... 20 Figure 9: Comparing water price from network versus tankers ............................................................................ 20 Figure 10: Percent of water bill payment ............................................................................................................. 21 Figure 11: Per capita daily water use ................................................................................................................... 21 Figure 12: Wastewater disposal mean ................................................................................................................. 22 Figure 13: Solid waste collection % ...................................................................................................................... 23 Figure 14: Impact of checkpoints on number of population (a) and number of communities (b) ......................... 23 Figure 15: Distance to filling point by communities ............................................................................................. 24 WASH Assessment 2016 Page 4 Acronyms ACPP Asamblea de Cooperacio’n por la Paz CA Civil Administration CM Cubic Meters (m2) CMWU Coastal Municipalities Water Utility EPA United States Environmental Protection Agency GS Gaza Strip GDP Gross Domestic Product ICJ International Court of Justice ICRC International Committee of the Red Cross INGOs International Non-governmental Organizations JWC Joint Water Committee JWU Jerusalem Water Undertaking LCD Litres per capita per day M&A Movement and Access MAS Palestinian Economic Policy Research Institute MCM Million Cubic Meters MoA Ministry of Agriculture MoH Ministry of Health NGO Non-governmental Organization NIS New Israeli Shekel NSU Negotiations Support Unit NWC National Water Council OCHA Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs OPt Occupied Palestinian Territory PA or PNA Palestinian National Authority PCBS Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics PHG Palestinian Hydrology Group PWA Palestinian Water Authority UNDP United Nations Development Program UNICEF United Nations Children's Fund UNRWA United Nations Relief and Works Agency USAID United States Agency for International Development WaSH Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene WaSH MP Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene Monitoring Program WBGS West Bank and Gaza Strip WBWD West Bank Water Department WHO World Health Organization WASH Assessment 2016 Page 5 Executive Summary Water availability and access to the Palestinian communities have deteriorated over the past decade due to increased Israeli restriction and policies that limited the Palestinian ability from developing and managing their water resources properly. Since the signature of Oslo Interim Agreement back in 1995, water made available to Palestinians has dropped by 14 MCM, it was 118 MCM at the time of signature, the figure that was also agreed in the interim agreement to nearly 104 MCM in 2015. This reduction combined with other Israeli policies have influenced the supply quantities from Palestinian local water resources as well as limited per capita water use to vary from 70 l/day in the best cases to as low as 20l/d in the marginal communities and increased the reliance of Palestinians to the purchased water from Israeli company making their water security very law and bound to the Israeli merit. Moreover, poor services related to water supply and limitation
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