FINAL REPORT of SOFIMUN 2010
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Zornitsa Markova the KTB STATE
Zornitsa Markova THE KTB STATE Sofia, 2017 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or express written consent from Iztok-Zapad Publishing House. transmitted in any form or by any means without first obtaining © Zornitsa Markova, 2017 © Iztok-Zapad Publishing House, 2017 ISBN 978-619-01-0094-2 zornitsa markova THE KTB STATE CHRONICLE OF THE LARGEST BANK FAILURE IN BULGARIA — THE WORKINGS OF A CAPTURED STATE THAT SOLD OUT THE PUBLIC INTEREST FOR PRIVATE EXPEDIENCY CONTENTS LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS / 12 EDITOR’S FOREWORD / 13 SUMMARY / 15 READER’S GUIDE TO THE INVESTIGATION / 21 1. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND / 23 DEVELOPMENTS IN THE BULGARIAN BANKING SECTOR THAT PRE-DATE KTB ..........................................................25 Headed for a Banking Crisis .................................................................................................. 26 Scores of Banks Close Their Doors................................................................................... 29 First Private Bank — Backed by the Powerful, Favoured by the Government ......................................................... 33 Criminal Syndicates and Their Banks — the Birth of a State within the State ...........................................................................35 A Post-Crisis Change of Players ..........................................................................................37 A FRESH START FOR THE FLEDGLING KTB ..................................................... 40 KTB SALE ..........................................................................................................................................42 -
HUMAN RIGHTS in BULGARIA in 2013 the Bulgarian Helsinki Committee Is an Independent Non-Governmental Organisation for the Protection of Human Rights
HUMAN RIGHTS IN BULGARIA IN 2013 The Bulgarian Helsinki Committee is an independent non-governmental organisation for the protection of human rights. It was established on 14 July 1992. Chair: Krassimir Kanev Deputy chair: Desislava Simeonova Members of the General Assembly: Antoaneta Nenkova, Daniela Furtunova, Desislava Simeonova, Dimitrina Petrova, Georgi Bankov, Georgi Toshev, Iliana Savova, Ivan Bedrov, Kalina Bozeva, Kiril Ivanov, Krassimir Kanev, Margarita Ilieva, Ramadan Kehajov, Vassil Chaprazov, Valko Stanev, Yana Buhrer Tavanier. Contents Political developments in Bulgaria during 2013 5 Right to life, protection from torture, inhuman and degrading treatment 7 Right to liberty and security of person 12 Independence of the judiciary and fair trial 16 Right to respect for private and family life, home and the correspondence 21 Freedom of conscience and religion 23 Freedom of expression and access to information 26 Conditions in places of detention 33 Protection against discrimination 42 Right to asylum, freedom of movement 53 Women’s rights 60 Rights of the child 64 LGBTI rights 69 List of abbreviations AEJ Association of European Journalists – Bulgaria AIP Access to Information Programme BHC Bulgarian Helsinki Committee BNT Bulgarian National Television BSP Bulgarian Socialist Party CBS Correctional boarding schools CEM Council for Electronic Media CPA Child Protection Act ECHR European Convention on Human Rights ECtHR European Court of Human Rights ESDRA Enforcement of Sentences and Detention under Remand Act FRA EU Fundamental -
Issue 12, Express Special Edition – the Government Resigns February 2013
Issue 12, Express Special Edition – The Government Resigns February 2013 20 Feb 2013, 11:00 a.m. EXPAT CURRENCY BOARD WATCH EDITORIAL COMMENT 0º This is an ‘express special issue’ of Expat Compass Average We were just preparing a ‘normal’ regular issue when the political landscape in Bulgaria changed significantly within a few days -45º Bad II.13 Good +45º The mass protests were initially directed at the high I.13 electricity bills in December, but are now turning into general protests against the government The finance minister Dyankov was forced to resign -90 º Dangerous Excellent +90º on Monday, which was followed by the fall of the OUTLOOK: NEGATIVE whole cabinet It is too early to say what government will follow and We are not worried about the currency board and when see no immediate danger of devaluation. However, due to the latest political events, we are increasingly In January, the financial outlook was positive worried about the lack of government and hence Before the latest events, we were planning to about the budget in a difficult election year. improve the reading of the Compass from +5˚ to +15˚, as well as improve the Outlook from Stable to Positive. The main reasons were: The 2012 budget was better-than-expected, with BREAKING NEWS a deficit of BGN350.2m, -0.45% of GDP. This is the 3rd lowest deficit in the EU (see p. 7) The old Eurobonds were repaid successfully in Today, 20 Feb 2013, Boyko Borisov’s government has January, as expected resigned The new Eurobonds were trading at a yield as Technically, despite Simenon Dyankov’s resignation low as 1.75% – in line with the rally in global from Monday, he will continue being Finance Minister bond markets. -
Modernity and Tradition: European and National in Bulgaria
MODERNITY AND TRADITION: EUROPEAN AND NATIONAL IN BULGARIA Marko Hajdinjak, Maya Kosseva, Antonina Zhelyazkova IMIR MODERNITY AND TRADITION: EUROPEAN AND NATIONAL IN BULGARIA Marko Hajdinjak, Maya Kosseva, Antonina Zhelyazkova Project IME: Identities and Modernities in Europe: European and National Identity Construction Programmes, Politics, Culture, History and Religion International Center for Minority Studies and Intercultural Relations Sofia, 2012 This book is an outcome of the international research project IME – Identities and Modernities in Europe: European and National Identity Construction Programmes, Politics, Culture, History and Religion (2009-2012). IME was coordinated by Dr. Atsuko Ichijo from the Kingston University, UK. It involved Universities and research institutes from Bulgaria, Croatia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Turkey, and the United Kingdom. The project was funded by the Seventh Framework Program of the European Commission (FP7 2007-2013) Theme: SSH-2007-5.2.1 – Histories and Identities: articulating national and European identities Funding scheme: Collaborative projects (small or medium scale focused research projects) Grant agreement no.: 215949 For more information about project IME, visit: http://fass.kingston.ac.uk/research/helen-bamber/ime © Marko Hajdinjak, author, 2012 © Maya Kosseva, author, 2012 © Antonina Zhelyazkova, author, 2012 © International Center for Minority Studies and Intercultural Relations, 2012 ISBN: 978-954-8872-70-6 CONTENTS Introduction, Marko Hajdinjak .......................7 Catching Up with the Uncatchable: European Dilemmas and Identity Construction on Bulgarian Path to Modernity, Maya Kosseva, Antonina Zhelyazkova, Marko Hajdinjak ..........13 Identity Construction through Education, State Promotion and Diaspora Policies in Bulgaria, Antonina Zhelyazkova, Maya Kosseva, Marko Hajdinjak ..........65 Living Next Door to “Europe”: Bulgarian Education between Tradition and Modernity, and between the European and National, Maya Kosseva, Marko Hajdinjak .................... -
ERENET PROFILE Issue
ISSUE Vol. V, No. 3 June 2010 ERENET PROFILE CONTENT __________________________ SUMMER MESSAGE 2 PAPERS PUBLISHER Dr. Péter Szirmai – Editor Opening Statement of the BSEC Deputy Secretary Dr. Antal Szabó – Scientific Director General in Tirana 4 Attila Pethe• – Website Editor Ambassador Traian Chebeleu Tamás Tóth – Designer The Impact of the Economic Crises on SMEs in INTERNATIONAL BOARD Selected CEE Countries 6 Desislava Yordanova Antal Szabó and Associates St. Kliment Ohridski University Feeling and Opinion of German Entrepreneurs in the Dr. Sanja Pfeifer Time of Crises 29 University of Osiek Prof. Hans-Jürgen Weißbach Dr. Hans-Jürgen Weißbach Role of SMEs in Creating Favourance Economic Fachhochschule Frankfurt am Main Environment and Reducing Impact of Economic Crises 33 in Albania Dr. Dumitru Matis Bashkim Sykja Babe•-Bolyai University SMEs Development in Albania in 2009 38 Dr. Szabo Zsuzsanna Tefta Demeti University of Tirgu Mures The Microfinance Industry in Albania as a Good Dr. Eric Dejan Example 40 University of Belgrade Bajra Muca and Altin Muca Dr. Mateja Drnovsek National SME Policy in the Republic of Macedonia 50 University of Ljubljana Prof. Dr. Marija Zarezankova-Potevska Dr. Toni Brunello Economic Situation in SEE with focus on the impact of Studiocentroveneto Crises on SMEs 56 Dr. Renata Vokorokosova, Eric Dejan – Gordana Vukotic-Cotic – Isidora Beraha University of Kosice Living Labs, A New Method of Collaboration in Dr. Krzysztof Wach Innovation 67 Cracow University Imre Hronszky - Katalin Kovács – József Veress Dr. Sonia Heptonstall CONFERENCE PAPERS UBIS Geneva Dr. Sybille Heilbrunn · Workshop on SMEs in Time of Global Crisis, Tirana 74 Ruppin Academic Center · Gaining Scale in Microcredit – EU Report 77 Dr. -
Contents 107 89 73 59 43 31 23 21 9 5 3
contents Who we are 3 Message by the Chairman 5 Managing Board 9 Supervisory Council 21 Advisory Council 23 Members 31 Commi ees 43 Branches 59 Regions 73 Sectors 89 Events 107 THE VOICE OF BULGARIAN BUSINESS 1 KRIB HAS THE AIM TO BE MOST WIDELY REPRESENTATIVE FOR THE BULGARIAN ECONOMY krib KRIB IS “THE VOICE OF THE BULGARIAN BUSINESS” THAT: produces three quarters of the country’s GDP provides jobs to over 800 000 people unites over 11 000 companies, which are members through individual or collec ve membership, among them the biggest companies in Bulgaria accounts for more than three quarters of the exports of Bulgaria. KRIB HAS A MISSION: to raise the compe veness of the Bulgarian economy and the companies opera ng in Bulgaria to be most eff ec ve in the process of improving the business climate in the country to assist its members in sharing best business prac ces, benefi ng from the EU membership, going regional and global to encourage the corporate social responsibili best prac ces of its members. KRIB IS AN ACTIVE PARTNER IN THE SOCIAL DIALOGUE: has representa ves in the social dialog on na onal, sectoral, regional and European level presents opinions on dra laws in the Bulgarian Parliament is a member of the Na onal Council for Tripar te Coopera on and its commissions its Chairman is Depu -Chairman of the Na onal Council for Tripar te Coopera on. KRIB HAS STRONG REGIONAL AND BRANCH STRUCTURES: operates 113 regional representa ons all over the country unites 65 branch organiza ons in all economic sectors THE VOICE OF BULGARIAN BUSINESS has 10 intersectoral commi ees that coordinate the interests of its members. -
Public Hearing EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, BRUSSELS (Joszef
Public Hearing «IMPROVING CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEMS IN EUROPE: THE ROLE OF E-TOOLS AND PERFORMANCE INDICATORS» 26 MARCH 2012 EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, BRUSSELS (Joszef Antall, Room 6Q1) SPEAKERS’ BIOGRAPHIES H.E. Ms Margarita Popova Vice-President of The Republic of Bulgaria Ms Popova started her legal career as a Junior Prosecutor in Pirdop from 1990-91, then served as Regional Prosecutor in Svoge from 1991-93, and administrative head and regional prosecutor in Sofia district from 1996 to 2006. In 2006 she became a Prosecutor at the Supreme Prosecutor’s Office of Cassation. Her work there included heading up a unit working to counteract financial crimes against the EU. In July 2009 she was named Justice Minister in the cabinet of newly elected Prime Minister Boyko Borisov. As Minister she has championed the cause of judicial reform. In October 2011, Ms Popova was elected Vice President of Bulgaria. She took up her new office in January 2012. Margarita Popova graduated Bulgarian philology in University of Sofia in 1980, and later (1989) law in the same university. She was lecturer in the national Police academy (2001 – 2004) and National institute of justice (2005 – 2009). Ms. Mariya Nedelcheva Member of the European Parliament, EPP Group Ms. Mariya Nedelcheva is Member of the European Parliament from Bulgaria's ruling GERB party (Citizens for European Development of Bulgaria). She is a full member of the Committee on Agriculture and Rural Development and of the Committee on Petitions. She is Vice-Chair of the Committee on Social Affairs and Environment of the ACP-EU Joint Parliamentary Assembly. -
Manipulative Use of Economic Metaphors in Bulgarian Political Discourse
Bulletin of the Transilvania University of Braşov Series IV: Philology and Cultural Studies • Vol. 9 (58) No. 2 – 2016 Manipulative use of economic metaphors in Bulgarian political discourse Vladimir DOSEV1 According to the theory of cognitive linguistics, metaphors shape not only our communication, but also the way we think, act in our everyday life, and even vote. On the other hand, economic theory is based on the use of metaphors and figurative thinking. The aim of this article is to describe the manipulative usage of metaphors in Bulgarian political discourse. The object of cognitive discourse analysis are political texts published in Bulgarian newspapers and on the Internet. Bulgarian politicians often use metaphors and figurative language not only to amuse their audiences but also to influence the unconscious mind of the people. Keywords: metaphors, economics, political discourse, manipulation 1. Aim and subject of this study This study analyses the way some economic metaphors function in political texts in Bulgarian media. It researches texts published in the printed and online media, including National Assembly (Bulgarian Parliament) minutes of meetings. It aims at proving that abstract economic concepts are presented in the political media as metaphors. On the other hand, it is evident that the usage of metaphors serves both politicians and journalists to manipulate voters. Manipulative linguistic practices are widespread in the political media discourse. 2. The manipulative potential of economic metaphors According to Teun van Dijk, manipulation ‘is a communicative and interactional practice, in which a manipulator exercises control over other people, usually against their will or against their best interests’ (Van Dijk 2006, 360). -
2011 Bulgarian Media Monitoring
LESS FREEDOM, MORE CONFLICTS: 2011 BULGARIAN MEDIA MONITORING ||||||| ANNUAL REPORT OF FOUNDATION MEDIA DEMOCRACY ||||||| IN COOPERATION WITH MEDIA PROGRAM SOUTH EAST EUROPE KONRAD-ADENAUER-STIFTUNG Sofia, 2012 Translated by Katerina Popova 2 Contents Introduction: On This Report and Its Context Orlin Spassov 5 Georgi Lozanov Media Regulation: Effects and Deficiencies 9 Todor P. Todorv Television in Bulgaria in 2011: Problems and Trends 15 Georgi Savchev Media on the Eve of Doomsday: Bulgarian Radio in 2011 20 Orlin Spassov Attitudes Towards Politicians and Institutions in the Bulgarian Press in 2011: A Look at Seven National Dailies 24 Bogdana Dencheva The Year of Tabloids Balgaria Dnes and Vseki Den Seven Months On: A Brief Retrospective 33 Elena Koleva 2011 Through the Lens of Press Photography 37 Silvia Petrova The Lifestyle Press: Back to Tradition 44 Gergana Kutseva (Non)Uses of Freedom 48 Nikoleta Daskalova Political Content on News Sites: Status Quo Proves Hard to Change 53 3 Maya Tsaneva 2011: A Little of the European Union, Lots of Bulgaria 60 Petko Karadechev Electrical Storm, or, How Some English-Language Media Saw Bulgaria’s Big Energy Projects in 2011 64 Vasilena Yordanova WikiLeaks on Bulgarian Politics 69 Eli Alexandrova Facebook 2011: Elections in Troubled Times 72 Marina Kirova How Politicians and Citizens Failed to Meet on the Web in 2011 75 Julia Rone Videopolitics: My Family and Other Animals 80 Kalina Petkova Non-Political Content in the Bulgarian Media in 2011 88 Appendix Market Links Research and Consulting Agency Media Index: Media Monitoring 92 4 Introduction: On This Report and Its Context The 2011 annual report of Foundation Media Democracy (FMD) was produced by a team from the Media Monitoring Lab (MML). -
GSS NEWSLETTER ISSUE 106 January 2010 2
GSS NEWSLETTER ISSUE 106 January 2010 2 CONTENT DEAR CLIENTS 4 AustriA 6 New holding structure for the Stock Exchanges of Budapest, Ljubljana, Prague and Vienna 6 More liquidity and greater international recognition for regional markets 6 The Vienna Stock Exchange in 2010 7 BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA 8 Moody’s Annual Report on Bosnia and Herzegovina: Credit Rating Remains Unchanged 8 11-Month FDI: EUR 451 mn 9 Financial Plan of the Privatization Agency of FBiH for 2010 9 BULGARIA 10 Bulgaria’s finance ministry to issue EUR 25 mn T-notes 10 Moody’s changes outlook on Bulgaria’s rating 10 BSE-Sofia approves management reshuffle 11 CROATIA 12 Croatian government adopts measures designed to help business sector 12 World Bank approves EUR 200 mn loan for Croatia 13 CZECH REPUBLIC 14 Key figures of Prague Stock Exchange in 2009 14 EU directive on shareholders rights has been implemented in the Czech Republic 14 HUNGARY 16 Hungarian Telecom Included in CEERIUS Index 16 Analysis see Hungary’s credit rating outlook changing to stable by year-end 16 Budapest Stock Exchange profits plunge as financial gains fall 17 KAZAKHSTAN 18 KYRGYZSTAN 19 POLAND 20 NDS to adapt new system for managing the settlement risk 20 ROMANIA 22 Economy 22 Romanian Parliament Passes 2010 Budget Bill 22 IMF arrives to draw reformist agenda for new government 23 Moody’s adjusts upward projection for GDP growth to 2.3% 23 Issue 106, January 2010 3 RUSSIA 24 FAS and The Ministry of Economic Development and Trade Plan to Amend the Federal Law on “Foreign Investments in Companies -
The World Factbook Europe :: Bulgaria Introduction :: Bulgaria
The World Factbook Europe :: Bulgaria Introduction :: Bulgaria Background: The Bulgars, a Central Asian Turkic tribe, merged with the local Slavic inhabitants in the late 7th century to form the first Bulgarian state. In succeeding centuries, Bulgaria struggled with the Byzantine Empire to assert its place in the Balkans, but by the end of the 14th century the country was overrun by the Ottoman Turks. Northern Bulgaria attained autonomy in 1878 and all of Bulgaria became independent from the Ottoman Empire in 1908. Having fought on the losing side in both World Wars, Bulgaria fell within the Soviet sphere of influence and became a People's Republic in 1946. Communist domination ended in 1990, when Bulgaria held its first multiparty election since World War II and began the contentious process of moving toward political democracy and a market economy while combating inflation, unemployment, corruption, and crime. The country joined NATO in 2004 and the EU in 2007. Geography :: Bulgaria Location: Southeastern Europe, bordering the Black Sea, between Romania and Turkey Geographic coordinates: 43 00 N, 25 00 E Map references: Europe Area: total: 110,879 sq km country comparison to the world: 105 land: 108,489 sq km water: 2,390 sq km Area - comparative: slightly larger than Tennessee Land boundaries: total: 1,808 km border countries: Greece 494 km, Macedonia 148 km, Romania 608 km, Serbia 318 km, Turkey 240 km Coastline: 354 km Maritime claims: territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm Climate: temperate; -
Bulgaria by Georgy Ganev, Daniel Smilov, and Antoinette Primatarova
Bulgaria by Georgy Ganev, Daniel Smilov, and Antoinette Primatarova Capital: Sofia Population: 7.5 million GNI/capita, PPP: US$13,440 Source: The data above were provided by The World Bank, World Development Indicators 2012. Nations in Transit Ratings and Averaged Scores 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Electoral Process 2.00 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.75 2.00 Civil Society 3.25 3.00 2.75 2.75 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50 Independent Media 3.50 3.50 3.50 3.25 3.50 3.50 3.75 3.75 3.75 3.75 Governance* 3.75 3.75 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a National Democratic Governance n/a n/a 3.50 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.25 3.25 3.50 3.50 Local Democratic Governance n/a n/a 3.50 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 Judicial Framework and Independence 3.50 3.25 3.25 3.00 2.75 2.75 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.25 Corruption 4.25 4.25 4.00 3.75 3.75 3.50 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 Democracy Score 3.38 3.25 3.18 2.93 2.89 2.86 3.04 3.04 3.07 3.14 * Starting with the 2005 edition, Freedom House introduced separate analysis and ratings for national democratic governance and local democratic governance to provide readers with more detailed and nuanced analysis of these two important subjects.