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Ticlopidine in Its Prodrug Form Is a Selective Inhibitor of Human Ntpdase1
Hindawi Publishing Corporation Mediators of Inflammation Volume 2014, Article ID 547480, 8 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/547480 Research Article Ticlopidine in Its Prodrug Form Is a Selective Inhibitor of Human NTPDase1 Joanna Lecka,1,2 Michel Fausther,1,2 Beat Künzli,3 and Jean Sévigny1,2 1 Departement´ de Microbiologie-Infectiologie et d’Immunologie, FacultedeM´ edecine,´ UniversiteLaval,Qu´ ebec,´ QC, Canada G1V 0A6 2 Centre de Recherche du CHU de Quebec,´ 2705 Boulevard Laurier, Local T1-49, Quebec,´ QC, Canada G1V 4G2 3 Department of Surgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universitat¨ Munchen,¨ 81675 Munich, Germany Correspondence should be addressed to Jean Sevigny;´ [email protected] Received 12 May 2014; Accepted 21 July 2014; Published 11 August 2014 Academic Editor: Mireia Mart´ın-Satue´ Copyright © 2014 Joanna Lecka et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase-1 (NTPDase1), like other ectonucleotidases, controls extracellular nucleotide levels and consequently their (patho)physiological responses such as in thrombosis, inflammation, and cancer. Selective NTPDase1 inhibitors would therefore be very useful. We previously observed that ticlopidine in its prodrug form, which does not affect P2 receptor activity, inhibited the recombinant form of human NTPDase1 ( =14M). Here we tested whether ticlopidine can be used as a selective inhibitor of NTPDase1. We confirmed that ticlopidine inhibits NTPDase1 in different forms and in different assays. The ADPase activity of intact HUVEC as well as of COS-7 cells transfected with human NTPDase1 was strongly inhibited by 100 M ticlopidine, 99 and 86%, respectively. -
Health Reports for Mutual Recognition of Medical Prescriptions: State of Play
The information and views set out in this report are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official opinion of the European Union. Neither the European Union institutions and bodies nor any person acting on their behalf may be held responsible for the use which may be made of the information contained therein. Executive Agency for Health and Consumers Health Reports for Mutual Recognition of Medical Prescriptions: State of Play 24 January 2012 Final Report Health Reports for Mutual Recognition of Medical Prescriptions: State of Play Acknowledgements Matrix Insight Ltd would like to thank everyone who has contributed to this research. We are especially grateful to the following institutions for their support throughout the study: the Pharmaceutical Group of the European Union (PGEU) including their national member associations in Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, the Netherlands, Poland and the United Kingdom; the European Medical Association (EMANET); the Observatoire Social Européen (OSE); and The Netherlands Institute for Health Service Research (NIVEL). For questions about the report, please contact Dr Gabriele Birnberg ([email protected] ). Matrix Insight | 24 January 2012 2 Health Reports for Mutual Recognition of Medical Prescriptions: State of Play Executive Summary This study has been carried out in the context of Directive 2011/24/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 March 2011 on the application of patients’ rights in cross- border healthcare (CBHC). The CBHC Directive stipulates that the European Commission shall adopt measures to facilitate the recognition of prescriptions issued in another Member State (Article 11). At the time of submission of this report, the European Commission was preparing an impact assessment with regards to these measures, designed to help implement Article 11. -
Young Adult Realistic Fiction Book List
Young Adult Realistic Fiction Book List Denotes new titles recently added to the list while the severity of her older sister's injuries Abuse and the urging of her younger sister, their uncle, and a friend tempt her to testify against Anderson, Laurie Halse him, her mother and other well-meaning Speak adults persuade her to claim responsibility. A traumatic event in the (Mature) (2007) summer has a devastating effect on Melinda's freshman Flinn, Alexandra year of high school. (2002) Breathing Underwater Sent to counseling for hitting his Avasthi, Swati girlfriend, Caitlin, and ordered to Split keep a journal, A teenaged boy thrown out of his 16-year-old Nick examines his controlling house by his abusive father goes behavior and anger and describes living with to live with his older brother, his abusive father. (2001) who ran away from home years earlier under similar circumstances. (Summary McCormick, Patricia from Follett Destiny, November 2010). Sold Thirteen-year-old Lakshmi Draper, Sharon leaves her poor mountain Forged by Fire home in Nepal thinking that Teenaged Gerald, who has she is to work in the city as a spent years protecting his maid only to find that she has fragile half-sister from their been sold into the sex slave trade in India and abusive father, faces the that there is no hope of escape. (2006) prospect of one final confrontation before the problem can be solved. McMurchy-Barber, Gina Free as a Bird Erskine, Kathryn Eight-year-old Ruby Jean Sharp, Quaking born with Down syndrome, is In a Pennsylvania town where anti- placed in Woodlands School in war sentiments are treated with New Westminster, British contempt and violence, Matt, a Columbia, after the death of her grandmother fourteen-year-old girl living with a Quaker who took care of her, and she learns to family, deals with the demons of her past as survive every kind of abuse before she is she battles bullies of the present, eventually placed in a program designed to help her live learning to trust in others as well as her. -
A Comparative Study of Molecular Structure, Pka, Lipophilicity, Solubility, Absorption and Polar Surface Area of Some Antiplatelet Drugs
International Journal of Molecular Sciences Article A Comparative Study of Molecular Structure, pKa, Lipophilicity, Solubility, Absorption and Polar Surface Area of Some Antiplatelet Drugs Milan Remko 1,*, Anna Remková 2 and Ria Broer 3 1 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojarov 10, SK-832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia 2 Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Slovak Medical University, Limbová 12, SK–833 03 Bratislava, Slovakia; [email protected] 3 Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +421-2-5011-7291 Academic Editor: Michael Henein Received: 18 February 2016; Accepted: 11 March 2016; Published: 19 March 2016 Abstract: Theoretical chemistry methods have been used to study the molecular properties of antiplatelet agents (ticlopidine, clopidogrel, prasugrel, elinogrel, ticagrelor and cangrelor) and several thiol-containing active metabolites. The geometries and energies of most stable conformers of these drugs have been computed at the Becke3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) level of density functional theory. Computed dissociation constants show that the active metabolites of prodrugs (ticlopidine, clopidogrel and prasugrel) and drugs elinogrel and cangrelor are completely ionized at pH 7.4. Both ticagrelor and its active metabolite are present at pH = 7.4 in neutral undissociated form. The thienopyridine prodrugs ticlopidine, clopidogrel and prasugrel are lipophilic and insoluble in water. Their lipophilicity is very high (about 2.5–3.5 logP values). The polar surface area, with regard to the structurally-heterogeneous character of these antiplatelet drugs, is from very large interval of values of 3–255 Å2. -
Preventive Medication Program
PREVENTIVE MEDICATION PROGRAM Generics and Preferred Brands Drug List Starting July 1, 2021 Preventive medications are used to prevent certain conditions from developing, or to prevent a condition from coming back. These conditions include, but are not limited to, asthma, depression, diabetes, heart attack, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, osteoporosis, prenatal nutrient deficiency and stroke. About this drug list. Your cost-share for preventive generic and This is a list of the most commonly prescribed generic preferred brand medications. and preferred brand medications that are part of Not all plans offer the same cost-share for their Cigna’s preventive medication program as of July preventive medication program. For example, some 1, 2021.1,2 This drug list is updated often so it isn’t a plans may require you to pay a copay, coinsurance complete list of medications. Also, your specific plan’s and/or deductible for preventive generic and preferred preventive medication program may not include all brand medications; other plans may not. of these medications and/or conditions. Log in to the Log into the myCigna App or myCigna.com and use myCigna® App or myCigna.com, or check your plan the Price a Medication tool to see how much your materials, to see all of the medications included in your medication may cost you at the different pharmacies in plan’s preventive medication program and how much your plan’s network.3 they cost. Here’s some helpful information about this drug list: › Medications are listed alphabetically by condition. › Brand-name medications are capitalized and generic medications are lowercase. -
Wo 2010/075090 A2
(12) INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT) (19) World Intellectual Property Organization International Bureau (10) International Publication Number (43) International Publication Date 1 July 2010 (01.07.2010) WO 2010/075090 A2 (51) International Patent Classification: (81) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every C07D 409/14 (2006.01) A61K 31/7028 (2006.01) kind of national protection available): AE, AG, AL, AM, C07D 409/12 (2006.01) A61P 11/06 (2006.01) AO, AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BH, BR, BW, BY, BZ, CA, CH, CL, CN, CO, CR, CU, CZ, DE, DK, DM, DO, (21) International Application Number: DZ, EC, EE, EG, ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, GT, PCT/US2009/068073 HN, HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IS, JP, KE, KG, KM, KN, KP, (22) International Filing Date: KR, KZ, LA, LC, LK, LR, LS, LT, LU, LY, MA, MD, 15 December 2009 (15.12.2009) ME, MG, MK, MN, MW, MX, MY, MZ, NA, NG, NI, NO, NZ, OM, PE, PG, PH, PL, PT, RO, RS, RU, SC, SD, (25) Filing Language: English SE, SG, SK, SL, SM, ST, SV, SY, TJ, TM, TN, TR, TT, (26) Publication Language: English TZ, UA, UG, US, UZ, VC, VN, ZA, ZM, ZW. (30) Priority Data: (84) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every 61/122,478 15 December 2008 (15.12.2008) US kind of regional protection available): ARIPO (BW, GH, GM, KE, LS, MW, MZ, NA, SD, SL, SZ, TZ, UG, ZM, (71) Applicant (for all designated States except US): AUS- ZW), Eurasian (AM, AZ, BY, KG, KZ, MD, RU, TJ, PEX PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. -
Preventive Generic Drugs Listing
2017 PREVENTIVE DRUG LIST Preventive medications are used for the prevention of conditions such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes, asthma, osteoporosis, heart attack, stroke and prenatal nutrient deficiency. You may not have to pay a copay, a coinsurance (the percentage you pay after you meet your deductible) and/or a deductible (the amount you pay before your plan starts to pay) for preventive medications. Please check your plan’s prescription drug list and This list is subject to change and may not include all plan documents to understand how your plan covers preventive medications that your plan covers. Please preventive medications. You can refer to myCigna.com refer to your plan’s prescription drug list for a complete for a complete and up-to-date drug listing for your plan. and up-to-date drug listing. You can also use the Prescription Drug Price Quote tool on myCigna.com to view and compare drug prices. The following is a list of generic and brand-name If you have questions preventive medications, arranged by type of condition. Please call the toll-free number on the back of Talk with your doctor when choosing the preventive your Cigna ID card. We’re here to help. medication that is right for you. Also talk with your doctor about available generic preventive medications (listed as uncapitalized medications and/or in parentheses). Generic medications have the same active ingredients, dosage form, quality and strength, as their brand-name counterparts and may provide additional savings for you. Offered by: Cigna Health and Life Insurance Company, Connecticut General Life Insurance Company, or their affiliates. -
Teaching Social Studies Through Film
Teaching Social Studies Through Film Written, Produced, and Directed by John Burkowski Jr. Xose Manuel Alvarino Social Studies Teacher Social Studies Teacher Miami-Dade County Miami-Dade County Academy for Advanced Academics at Hialeah Gardens Middle School Florida International University 11690 NW 92 Ave 11200 SW 8 St. Hialeah Gardens, FL 33018 VH130 Telephone: 305-817-0017 Miami, FL 33199 E-mail: [email protected] Telephone: 305-348-7043 E-mail: [email protected] For information concerning IMPACT II opportunities, Adapter and Disseminator grants, please contact: The Education Fund 305-892-5099, Ext. 18 E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.educationfund.org - 1 - INTRODUCTION Students are entertained and acquire knowledge through images; Internet, television, and films are examples. Though the printed word is essential in learning, educators have been taking notice of the new visual and oratory stimuli and incorporated them into classroom teaching. The purpose of this idea packet is to further introduce teacher colleagues to this methodology and share a compilation of films which may be easily implemented in secondary social studies instruction. Though this project focuses in grades 6-12 social studies we believe that media should be infused into all K-12 subject areas, from language arts, math, and foreign languages, to science, the arts, physical education, and more. In this day and age, students have become accustomed to acquiring knowledge through mediums such as television and movies. Though books and text are essential in learning, teachers should take notice of the new visual stimuli. Films are familiar in the everyday lives of students. -
Appendix D: Important Facts About Alcohol and Drugs
APPENDICES APPENDIX D. IMPORTANT FACTS ABOUT ALCOHOL AND DRUGS Appendix D outlines important facts about the following substances: $ Alcohol $ Cocaine $ GHB (gamma-hydroxybutyric acid) $ Heroin $ Inhalants $ Ketamine $ LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide) $ Marijuana (Cannabis) $ MDMA (Ecstasy) $ Mescaline (Peyote) $ Methamphetamine $ Over-the-counter Cough/Cold Medicines (Dextromethorphan or DXM) $ PCP (Phencyclidine) $ Prescription Opioids $ Prescription Sedatives (Tranquilizers, Depressants) $ Prescription Stimulants $ Psilocybin $ Rohypnol® (Flunitrazepam) $ Salvia $ Steroids (Anabolic) $ Synthetic Cannabinoids (“K2”/”Spice”) $ Synthetic Cathinones (“Bath Salts”) PAGE | 53 Sources cited in this Appendix are: $ Drug Enforcement Administration’s Drug Facts Sheets1 $ Inhalant Addiction Treatment’s Dangers of Mixing Inhalants with Alcohol and Other Drugs2 $ National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism’s (NIAAA’s) Alcohol’s Effects on the Body3 $ National Institute on Drug Abuse’s (NIDA’s) Commonly Abused Drugs4 $ NIDA’s Treatment for Alcohol Problems: Finding and Getting Help5 $ National Institutes of Health (NIH) National Library of Medicine’s Alcohol Withdrawal6 $ Rohypnol® Abuse Treatment FAQs7 $ Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration’s (SAMHSA’s) Keeping Youth Drug Free8 $ SAMHSA’s Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality’s (CBHSQ’s) Results from the 2015 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Detailed Tables9 The substances that are considered controlled substances under the Controlled Substances Act (CSA) are divided into five schedules. An updated and complete list of the schedules is published annually in Title 21 Code of Federal Regulations (C.F.R.) §§ 1308.11 through 1308.15.10 Substances are placed in their respective schedules based on whether they have a currently accepted medical use in treatment in the United States, their relative abuse potential, and likelihood of causing dependence when abused. -
MEDICINE to TREAT: HEART DISEASES Antiplatelet Agents Aspirin Dipyridamole Clopidogrel Ticlopidine 1. What Are These Medicines U
PATIENT INFORMATION LEAFLET MEDICINE TO TREAT: HEART DISEASES Antiplatelet Agents Aspirin Dipyridamole Clopidogrel Ticlopidine 1. What are these medicines used for? Medicine Purpose of medicine Brand Names This medicine makes blood less sticky to reduce the chance of blood forming Aspirin Cardiprin® clots which will lead to stroke or heart Disprin® attack. This medicine makes the blood less Dipyridamole sticky to reduce the chance of stroke. It Persantin® is used together with aspirin. These medicines make your blood less Clopidogrel (Plavix®) Clopidogrel sticky to reduce chance of stroke or Ticlopidine (Ticlid®), Ticlopidine heart attack. They can be used alone or together with aspirin. 2. How should I take the medicines? • Do not stop taking your medicines without checking with your doctors. • If you miss a dose, take the missed dose as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for your next dose, take only the usual dose. Do not double your dose or use extra medicine to make up for the missed dose. • You should take your medicine after a meal to prevent stomach upset. • How you take aspirin depends on the brand and type of aspirin the doctor gives you: o For tablets which can be chewed: Take with food or glass of water or milk These tablets may be chewed or swallowed whole The solution may also be used as a gargle. Please check with your pharmacist on how to use it as a gargle. o For tablets which enteric coated: Enteric coated forms of aspirin reduce stomach upset that is caused by the medicine Take with a glass of water after food. -
The Physician at the Movies
The physician at the movies Peter E. Dans, MD Richard Widmark New Orleans trying to prevent an outbreak of bubonic plague (December 25, 1914 to in Panic in the Streets,1 a prosecutor in Judgment at Nuremberg, March 24, 2008) and a police detective in Madigan, never resonated as well ichard Widmark was born in with the public. They much preferred roles in which Widmark Sunrise, Minnesota, where radiated callousness and moral obtuseness, as in The Bedford WadeR Olson, a construction Incident and the two films reviewed here, Coma,2 and No worker, opened a museum in his Way Out,2 in which he plays a megalomaniacal doctor and a honor in 2002. Widmark’s fa- malevolent racist. The contrast with Widmark’s real persona ther was a traveling salesman, is striking, attesting to his extraordinary and vastly underrated and his family moved five times acting ability. before he was six, during which time Widmark bonded with his References brother. After graduating from 1. Dans PE. The Physician at the Movies. Pharos Winter 2002; Lake Forest College, he took a bicycle tour of Germany with 65: 49–50. a friend the year before Hitler invaded Poland. Refused per- 2. Dans PE. Doctors in the Movies: Boil the Water and Just Say mission to visit Dachau, where political prisoners were being Aah! Bloomington (IL): Medi-Ed Press; 2000. kept, he gained entry to a Youth Camp, where he filmed Nazi indoctrination. On returning to America, he gave talks using the footage, but they generated little interest. Nonetheless, the public speaking experience convinced him to study acting rather than the law and served him well as an actor in radio and on the Broadway stage. -
Clinical Update
Atualização Clínica Antiagregantes Plaquetários na Prevenção Primária e Secundária de Eventos Aterotrombóticos Platelet Antiaggregants in Primary and Secondary Prevention of Atherothrombotic Events Marcos Vinícius Ferreira Silva1, Luci Maria SantAna Dusse1, Lauro Mello Vieira, Maria das Graças Carvalho1 Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais1, Belo Horizonte, MG – Brasil Resumo prevenção primária e secundária de tais eventos. Os fatores A aterotrombose e suas complicações correspondem, de risco associados ao desenvolvimento desses eventos hoje, à principal causa de mortalidade no mundo todo, estão intimamente associados à exacerbação da ativação e sua incidência encontra-se em franca expansão. plaquetária que, por sua vez, favorece a formação de As plaquetas desempenham um papel essencial na agregados plaquetários e geração de trombina, resultando patogênese dos eventos aterotrombóticos, justificando a em trombos ricos em plaquetas (trombos brancos). Dessa utilização dos antiagregantes plaquetários na prevenção forma, o uso de antiagregantes plaquetários tem sido dos mesmos. Desse modo, é essencial que se conheça o benéfico na prevenção primária e secundária de eventos perfil de eficácia e segurança desses fármacos em prevenção mediados por trombos. primária e secundária de eventos aterotrombóticos. Dentro As características dos principais antiagregantes plaquetários desse contexto, a presente revisão foi realizada com o utilizados na prática clínica e em fase de estudos estão objetivo de descrever e sintetizar os resultados dos principais descritos na Tabela 13-9, e as proteínas de membrana com as ensaios, envolvendo a utilização de antiagregantes nos dois quais eles interagem e as vias metabólicas nas quais atuam níveis de prevenção, e avaliando a eficácia e os principais são ilustrados Figura 110.