Modelling Physiology of Haemodynamic Adaptation in Short
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Evaluation of Artery Visualizations for Heart Disease Diagnosis
Evaluation of Artery Visualizations for Heart Disease Diagnosis Michelle A. Borkin, Student Member, IEEE, Krzysztof Z. Gajos, Amanda Peters, Dimitrios Mitsouras, Simone Melchionna, Frank J. Rybicki, Charles L. Feldman, and Hanspeter Pfister, Senior Member, IEEE Fig. 1. Left: Traditional 2D projection (A) of a single artery, and 3D representation (C) of a right coronary artery tree with a rainbow color map. Right: 2D tree diagram representation (B) and equivalent 3D representation (D) of a left coronary artery tree with a diverging color map. Abstract—Heart disease is the number one killer in the United States, and finding indicators of the disease at an early stage is critical for treatment and prevention. In this paper we evaluate visualization techniques that enable the diagnosis of coronary artery disease. A key physical quantity of medical interest is endothelial shear stress (ESS). Low ESS has been associated with sites of lesion formation and rapid progression of disease in the coronary arteries. Having effective visualizations of a patient’s ESS data is vital for the quick and thorough non-invasive evaluation by a cardiologist. We present a task taxonomy for hemodynamics based on a formative user study with domain experts. Based on the results of this study we developed HemoVis, an interactive visualization application for heart disease diagnosis that uses a novel 2D tree diagram representation of coronary artery trees. We present the results of a formal quantitative user study with domain experts that evaluates the effect of 2D versus 3D artery representations and of color maps on identifying regions of low ESS. We show statistically significant results demonstrating that our 2D visualizations are more accurate and efficient than 3D representations, and that a perceptually appropriate color map leads to fewer diagnostic mistakes than a rainbow color map. -
Microvascular Architecture of the Rabbit Eye: a Scanning Electron Microscopic Study of Vascular Corrosion Casts
FULL PAPER Laboratory Animal Science Microvascular Architecture of the Rabbit Eye: A Scanning Electron Microscopic Study of Vascular Corrosion Casts Hiroyoshi NINOMIYA1), Tomo INOMATA1) and Nobuyuki KANEMAKI2) 1)Departments of Laboratory Animal Science and 2)Veterinary Internal Medicine III, Azabu University, 1–17–71 Fuchinobe Sagamihara, 229–8501, Japan (Received 30 October 2007/Accepted 1 May 2008) ABSTRACT. The microvasculature of the eyes of 5 rabbits was investigated using scanning electron microscopy on corrosion casts. The study revealed that the pars plana vessels draining blood from the iris and ciliary body coursed directly into the anterior vortex venous system constituting the scleral venous plexus (the venous circle of Hovius). The episcleral vasculature was found to possess a specialized morphology, with channels draining the aqueous humor. The capillaries of the third palpebral, bulbar and palpebral conjunctiva formed a single-layered capillary network approximately parallel to the epithelium and formed a well-developed venous plexus in the stroma. The retina was found to be merangiotic, meaning that vessels were present only in a small part of the retina, extending in a horizontal direction to form bands on either side of the optic disc. Channels representing the aqueous veins that drained blood mixed with aqueous humor were found to derive directly from the suprachoroidal space and communicate with the scleral venous plexus via the anterior vortex veins. The functional significance of the microvasculature of the iris, cilia, retina and choroid is discussed in this report as well. The elaborate microvasculature of the conjunctiva may be a prerequisite for the exchange of nutrients and gasses between the cornea and the vessels across the conjunctival epithelium when the eyelids are shut during sleep, and possibly for the dynamics of eye drop delivery. -
General Pictures of the Fine Vasculature of the Mucosae of Many
Okajimas Folia Anat. Jpn., 63 (4) 179-192, October 1986 Scanning Electron Microscopic Study on the Plicae Palatinae Transversae and their Microvascular Patterns in the Cat By Isumi TODA Department of Anatomy, Osaka Dental University 1-47 Kyobashi, Higashi-ku, Osaka 540, Japan (Director: Prof. Y. Ohta) (with 1 text-figure and 14 figures in 3 plates) -Received for Publication, June 25, 1986- Key Words: Transverse palatine ridge, Hard palate, SEM, Plastic injection, Cat Summary: The microvasculature in the plicae palatinae transversae of the hard palate of the cat was investigated by means of the acryl plastic injection method under a scanning electron microscope (SEM). On the hard palate of the cat, seven or eight transverse palatine ridges arching forwards were observed. Small digitiform processes were located on the top line of each ridge, and anterior and posterior conical processes were present on both the anterior and posterior slopes of each ridge. The lateral ends of each ridge were observed as simple forms in which these processes disappeared. The blood supply of the ridges came from the lateral and medial branches of the a. pala- tina dura major. These branches formed a primary arterial network in the submucosa super- ficial to the palatine venous plexus. Small twigs were derived from this network to form a secondary arterial network in the lamina propria. Further, arterioles from this network formed a subepithelial capillary network immediately beneath the epithelium. From this net work, capillary loops sprouted into the papillae of the lamina propria. Blood from the subepithelial capillary network drained into the primary venous network in the lamina propria, from which venules drained into the superficial layer of the palatine venous plexus in the submucosa, and then into its deeper layer. -
Vegfr3 and Notch Signaling in Angiogenesis
VEGFR3 AND NOTCH SIGNALING IN ANGIOGENESIS Georgia Zarkada, M.D. ACADEMIC DISSERTATION Wihuri Research Institute & Research Programs Unit Translational Cancer Biology Faculty of Medicine & Doctoral Program in Biomedicine University of Helsinki Finland To be publicly discussed, with the permission of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, in Biomedicum Helsinki 1, Lecture Hall 2, Haartmaninkatu 8, on the 8th of August 2014, at 12 o’ clock noon. Helsinki 2014 VEGFR3 and Notch signaling in angiogenesis ! Supervised by Kari Alitalo M.D., Ph.D. Research Professor of the Finnish Academy of Sciences Wihuri Research Institute Translational Cancer Biology University of Helsinki Finland and Tuomas Tammela, M.D., Ph.D. Adjunct Professor Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, MA USA Reviewed by Juha Partanen, Ph.D. Professor Department of Biosciences, Division of Genetics University of Helsinki Finland and Mariona Graupera, Ph.D. Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute Catalan Institute of Oncology University of Barcelona Spain Opponent Christiana Ruhrberg, Ph.D. Professor UCL Institute of Ophthalmology University College London London UK ISBN 978-952-10-9997-7 ISSN 2342-3161 Hansaprint 2014 ! 2! VEGFR3 and Notch signaling in angiogenesis ! To my family ! 3! VEGFR3 and Notch signaling in angiogenesis ! TABLE OF CONTENTS ABBREVIATIONS………………………………………………………………………... 6 LIST OF ORIGINAL PUBLICATIONS………………………………………..……... 8 ABSTRACT…………………………………………………………………………..…... 9 INTRODUCTION………………………………………………………………..……… 11 REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE………………………………………………..…….. 12 1. ANATOMY AND FUNCTION OF THE VASCULAR SYSTEMS………..……. 12 1.1 The blood vascular system…………………………………………………..……… 12 1.1.1 Blood vessels structure and physiology……………………………….………….. 12 1.1.1.1 Regulation of vascular permeability……………………………..………….. 12 1.1.1.2 Regulation of flow…………………………………………………..………. -
Arterial Variations of the Subclavian-Axillary Arterial Tree: Its Association with the Supply of the Rotator Cuff Muscles
Int. J. Morphol., 32(4):1436-1443, 2014. Arterial Variations of the Subclavian-Axillary Arterial Tree: Its Association with the Supply of the Rotator Cuff Muscles Variaciones Arteriales del Árbol Arterial Subclavio-Axilar. Su Asociación con la Irrigación del Manguito de los Rotadores N. Naidoo*; L. Lazarus*; B. Z. De Gama*; N. O. Ajayi* & K. S. Satyapal* NAIDOO, N.; LAZARUS, L.; DE GAMA, B. Z.; AJAYI, N. O. & SATYAPAL, K. S. Arterial variations of the subclavian-axillary arterial tree: Its association with the supply of the rotator cuff muscles. Int. J. Morphol., 32(4):1436-1443, 2014. SUMMARY: The subclavian-axillary arterial tree is responsible for the arterial supply to the rotator cuff muscles as well as other shoulder muscles. This study comprised the bilateral dissection of the shoulder and upper arm region in thirty-one adult and nineteen fetal cadaveric specimens. The variable origins and branching patterns of the axillary, subscapular, circumflex scapular, thoracodorsal, posterior circumflex humeral and suprascapular arteries identified in this study corroborated the findings of previous studies. In addition, unique variations that are unreported in the literature were also observed. The precise anatomy of the arterial distribution to the rotator cuff muscles is important to the surgeon and radiologist. It will aid proper interpretation of radiographic images and avoid injury to this area during surgical procedures. KEY WORDS: Subclavian-axillary arterial tree; Variations; Supply; Rotator cuff muscles. INTRODUCTION Standard anatomical textbooks divide the axillary identified by Saralaya et al. (2008) to arise as a large artery into three parts using its relation to the pectoralis minor collateral branch from the first part of the axillary artery muscle (Salopek et al., 2007). -
Journal of Neurology Research Review & Reports
Journal of Neurology Research Review & Reports Case Report Open Access Bilateral Tortuous Upper Limb Arterial Tree and Their Clinical Significance Alka Bhingardeo Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bibinagar ABSTRACT The detailed knowledge about the possible anatomical variations of upper limb arteries is vital for the reparative surgery of the region. Brachial artery is the main artery of upper limb; it is a continuation of axillary artery from the lower border of teres major muscle. During routine cadaveric dissection, we found bilateral tortuous brachial artery which was superficial as well as tortuous throughout its course. It is called superficial as it was superficial to the median nerve. At the neck of radius, it was divided into two terminal branches radial and ulnar arteries which were also tortuous. Tortuosity of the radial artery was more near the flexor retinaculum. When observed, the continuation of ulnar artery as superficial palmar arch also showed tortuosity throughout, including its branches. Being superficial such brachial artery can be more prone to trauma. Tortuous radial artery is one of the causes of access failure in trans-radial approach of coronary interventions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case where entire post axillary upper limb arterial system is tortuous bilaterally. So knowledge of such tortuous upper limb arterial tree is important for cardiologist, radiologist, plastic surgeons and orthopedic surgeons. *Corresponding author Alka Bhingardeo, Assistant Professor, Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bibinagar, Telangana, India, Mob: 8080096151, Email: [email protected] Received: November 08, 2020; Accepted: November 16, 2020; Published: November 21, 2020 Keywords: Radial Artery, Superficial Brachial Artery, Tortuous, Brachial Artery Ulnar Artery, Upper Limb The brachial artery commenced from the axillary artery at the lower border of teres major muscle. -
Collateral Circulation in Spinal Cord Injury: a Comprehensive Review
Published online: 2020-09-29 THIEME Review Article 1 Collateral Circulation in Spinal Cord Injury: A Comprehensive Review Ezequiel Garcia-Ballestas1 B. V. Murlimanju2 Yeider A. Durango-Espinosa1 Andrei F. Joaquim3 Harold E. Vasquez4 Luis Rafael Moscote-Salazar5 Amit Agrawal6 1Faculty of Medicine, Center for Biomedical Research (CIB), Address for correspondence Luis Rafael Moscote-Salazar, MD, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia Neurosurgeon-Critical Care, Center for Biomedical Research (CIB), 2Department of Anatomy, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Cartagena Neurotrauma Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India University of Cartagena, Calle de la Universidad, Cra. 6 #36-100, 3Neurosurgery Division, Cartagena de Indias, Bolivar Department of Cartagena, Bolívar 130001, Columbia Neurology, State University of Campinas, Campinas-Sao Paulo, Brazil (e-mail: [email protected]). 4Universidad del Sinu, Cartagena de Indias, Consejo Latinoamericano de Neurointensivismo (CLaNi), Cartagena de Indias, Colombia 5Neurosurgeon-Critical Care, Center for Biomedical Research (CIB), Cartagena Neurotrauma Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia 6Department of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India Indian J Neurotrauma:2021;18:1–6 Abstract Surgery is the most common cause of spinal cord ischemia; it is also caused by hemo- dynamic changes, which disrupt the blood flow. Direct ligation of the spinal arteries, especially the Adamkiewicz artery is involved as well. Other causes of spinal cord isch- emia include arteriography procedures, thoracic surgery, epidural and rachianesthesia, foraminal infiltration, arterial dissection, systemic hypotension, emboligenic heart dis- ease, thoracic disc herniation, and compression. Understanding the vascular anatomy of the spinal cord is essential to develop optimal strategies for preventing ischemic injuries to the spinal cord. -
Renoprotective Effects Aliskiren on Adenine-Induced Tubulointerstitial Nephropathy: Possible Underlying Mechanisms
Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology Renoprotective Effects Aliskiren on Adenine -induced Tubulointerstitial Nephropathy: Possible Underlying Mechanisms Journal: Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology Manuscript ID cjpp-2015-0364.R1 Manuscript Type: Article Date Submitted by the Author: 07-Dec-2015 Complete List of Authors: Hussein, Abdelaziz; Mansoura,Faculty of Medicine, Medical Physiology Malek, Hala;Draft Mansoura University, , Clinical Pharmacology Dept Saad, Mohamed-Ahdy; Mansoura University, Clinical Pharmacology Dept. Keyword: adenine, nephropathy, nrf2, caspase-3, eNOS, oxidative stress https://mc06.manuscriptcentral.com/cjpp-pubs Page 1 of 31 Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology Renoprotective Effects Aliskiren on Adenine-induced Tubulointerstitial Nephropathy: Possible Underlying Mechanisms Abdelaziz M. Hussein †, Hala Abdel Malek $ and Mohamed Ahdy Saad $ † Medical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt $Clinical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt Corresponding author Draft Abdel-Aziz M. Hussein (PhD), Assistant Prof of Medical Physiology, Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt. e-mail: [email protected] ; [email protected] Mob.:+201002421140 PO: 35516 Short title: Aliskiren and adenine induced nephropathy 1 https://mc06.manuscriptcentral.com/cjpp-pubs Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology Page 2 of 31 Abstract The present study investigated the possible renoprotective effect of direct renin inhibitor (aliskiren) on renal dysfunctions as well as its underlying mechanisms in rat model of adenine –induced tubulointerstitial nephropathy. Forty male Sprague Dawley rats were randomized into 4 groups; normal group, aliskiren group (normal rats received 10 mg/kg aliskiren), adenine group (animals received high adenine diet for 4 weeks and saline for 12 weeks) and aliskiren group (animals received adenine for 4 weeks and aliskiren 10 mg/kg for 12 weeks). -
The Suboccipital Cavernous Sinus
The suboccipital cavernous sinus Kenan I. Arnautovic, M.D., Ossama Al-Mefty, M.D., T. Glenn Pait, M.D., Ali F. Krisht, M.D., and Muhammad M. Husain, M.D. Departments of Neurosurgery and Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, and Laboratory Service, Veterans Administration Medical Center, Little Rock, Arkansas The authors studied the microsurgical anatomy of the suboccipital region, concentrating on the third segment (V3) of the vertebral artery (VA), which extends from the transverse foramen of the axis to the dural penetration of the VA, paying particular attention to its loops, branches, supporting fibrous rings, adjacent nerves, and surrounding venous structures. Ten cadaver heads (20 sides) were fixed in formalin, their blood vessels were perfused with colored silicone rubber, and they were dissected under magnification. The authors subdivided the V3 into two parts, the horizontal (V3h) and the vertical (V3v), and studied the anatomical structures topographically, from the superficial to the deep tissues. In two additional specimens, serial histological sections were acquired through the V3 and its encircling elements to elucidate their cross-sectional anatomy. Measurements of surgically and clinically important features were obtained with the aid of an operating microscope. This study reveals an astonishing anatomical resemblance between the suboccipital complex and the cavernous sinus, as follows: venous cushioning; anatomical properties of the V3 and those of the petrouscavernous internal carotid artery (ICA), namely their loops, branches, supporting fibrous rings, and periarterial autonomic neural plexus; adjacent nerves; and skull base locations. Likewise, a review of the literature showed a related embryological development and functional and pathological features, as well as similar transitional patterns in the arterial walls of the V3 and the petrous-cavernous ICA. -
Modelling and Simulation of the Human Arterial Tree - a Combined Lumped-Parameter and Transmission Line Element Approach M
Transactions on Biomedicine and Health vol 2, © 1995 WIT Press, www.witpress.com, ISSN 1743-3525 Modelling and simulation of the human arterial tree - a combined lumped-parameter and transmission line element approach M. Karlsson Applied Thermodynamics and Fluid Mechanics Department of Mechanical Engineering, Linkoping University, Linkoping, Sweden 1 Introduction Computer models of the arterial tree has been a goal in bio-fluid dynamics ever since the advent of the digital computer. Over the years several con- tributions have been made and increasingly more elaborate models of the systemic arterial tree have been developed in order to gain a better insight into the hemodynamics of man. This paper describes a model of the arterial tree with distributed pa- rameters which has been developed in order to quantify hydro-mechanical effects in the arterial system. Any such model must resolve the characteris- tic features of the arterial tree such as distributed resistance and the ability to incorporate local variations in segrnental compliance. The topology of the arterial tree must also be included in order to resolve wave reflections adequately. As the model is intended for non-stationary analysis special attention must be paid to the proximal boundary condition, the heart. Fur- thermore, an effective and robust numerical method is necessary in order to keep the computational time as low as possible. 2 Modelling the cardiovascular system A model of the arterial system consisting of 128 segments, each described by a four-pole equation, has been derived. The geometrical and topological de- scription is based on the geometry presented by Avolio [1]. -
Multiscale Study of the Hepatic Volume Evolution After Major Hepatectomie in a Porcine Model Mohamed Bekheit
Multiscale study of the hepatic volume evolution after major hepatectomie in a porcine model Mohamed Bekheit To cite this version: Mohamed Bekheit. Multiscale study of the hepatic volume evolution after major hepatectomie in a porcine model. Surgery. Université Paris Saclay (COmUE), 2018. English. NNT : 2018SACLS033. tel-01753156 HAL Id: tel-01753156 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01753156 Submitted on 29 Mar 2018 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Etude multi-échelle de l`évolution du volume du foie après hépatectomie majeure chez un modèle porcine Multiscale study of the hepatic volume evolution after 2018SACLS033 major hepatectomy in a porcine model : NNT Thèse de doctorat de l'Université Paris-Saclay préparée à l'Université Paris-Sud et l`INSERM U1193, CHB, Paul Brousse École doctorale n°569 : innovation thérapeutique: du fondamental à l'appliqué (ITFA) et sigle Spécialité de doctorat: SC Thèse présentée et soutenue à Villejuif, le 26-1-2018, par Mohamed Bekheit Composition du Jury : Iréne VIGNON-CLEMENTEL Dir Rech, Établissement : INRIA & UPMC, Paris Président Stéphanie TRUANT Pr, Établissement : Université de Lille Rapporteur Ewen HARRISON Dr, Établissement: Université d`Edinburgh Rapporteur Emilie GREGOIRE Dr, Établissement APHM Université de Marseille Examinateur Eric VIBERT Pr, Établissement Université Paris Saclay Examinateur Titre : Etude multi-échelle de l`évolution du volume du foie après hépatectomie majeure chez un modèle porcine Mots clés : Hepatectomie majeure, porc, modulation de flux, modelisation, architecture, regeneration. -
Three-Dimensional Reconstructed Contrast–Enhanced MR Angiography for Internal Iliac Artery Branch Visualization Before Uterine Artery Embolization
Three-dimensional Reconstructed Contrast–enhanced MR Angiography for Internal Iliac Artery Branch Visualization before Uterine Artery Embolization Nagy N.N. Naguib, MSc,* Nour-Eldin A. Nour-Eldin, MSc,* Renate M. Hammerstingl, MD, Thomas Lehnert, MD, Julius Floeter, MD, Stefan Zangos, MD, and Thomas J. Vogl, MD PURPOSE: To evaluate the feasibility of three-dimensional (3D) reconstructed contrast-enhanced (CE) magnetic resonance (MR) angiography in mapping the pelvic arteries in women before uterine artery embolization (UAE). MATERIALS AND METHODS: CE MR angiography studies before UAE in 49 women (age range, 38–57 years; mean, y ؎ 4.7 [SD]) who underwent UAE for uterine leiomyomas between February 2005 and February 2007 were 47.04 retrospectively evaluated by two radiologists in consensus. Studies were performed on a 1.5-T MR unit with a 3D fast low-angle shot sequence in the coronal direction. Reconstruction was performed with 3D computed tomographic angiography reconstruction software. RESULTS: In the current study, 98 internal iliac arteries (IIAs) from 49 women were studied. The superior and inferior the lateral sacral artery in 86 cases (88%), the iliolumbar ,(%100 ;98 ؍ gluteal arteries were visualized in all cases (N artery in 84 (86%), the obturator artery in 81 (83%), the internal pudendal artery in 96 (98%), and the uterine artery in 95 (97%). The superior vesical and middle rectal arteries were seen in 21 (21%) and 11 (11%) cases, respectively. The mean length of the uterine artery was 12.56 cm (range, 4.6–22.2 cm), and it showed the longest traceable length among all branches. The uterine artery showed five patterns of origin.