Arterial Variations of the Subclavian-Axillary Arterial Tree: Its Association with the Supply of the Rotator Cuff Muscles
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Evaluation of Artery Visualizations for Heart Disease Diagnosis
Evaluation of Artery Visualizations for Heart Disease Diagnosis Michelle A. Borkin, Student Member, IEEE, Krzysztof Z. Gajos, Amanda Peters, Dimitrios Mitsouras, Simone Melchionna, Frank J. Rybicki, Charles L. Feldman, and Hanspeter Pfister, Senior Member, IEEE Fig. 1. Left: Traditional 2D projection (A) of a single artery, and 3D representation (C) of a right coronary artery tree with a rainbow color map. Right: 2D tree diagram representation (B) and equivalent 3D representation (D) of a left coronary artery tree with a diverging color map. Abstract—Heart disease is the number one killer in the United States, and finding indicators of the disease at an early stage is critical for treatment and prevention. In this paper we evaluate visualization techniques that enable the diagnosis of coronary artery disease. A key physical quantity of medical interest is endothelial shear stress (ESS). Low ESS has been associated with sites of lesion formation and rapid progression of disease in the coronary arteries. Having effective visualizations of a patient’s ESS data is vital for the quick and thorough non-invasive evaluation by a cardiologist. We present a task taxonomy for hemodynamics based on a formative user study with domain experts. Based on the results of this study we developed HemoVis, an interactive visualization application for heart disease diagnosis that uses a novel 2D tree diagram representation of coronary artery trees. We present the results of a formal quantitative user study with domain experts that evaluates the effect of 2D versus 3D artery representations and of color maps on identifying regions of low ESS. We show statistically significant results demonstrating that our 2D visualizations are more accurate and efficient than 3D representations, and that a perceptually appropriate color map leads to fewer diagnostic mistakes than a rainbow color map. -
ANGIOGRAPHY of the UPPER EXTREMITY Printed in the Netherlands by Koninklijke Drukkerij G.J.Thieme Bv, Nijmegen ANGIOGRAPHY of the UPPER EXTREMITY
1 f - h-' ^^ ANGIOGRAPHY OF THE UPPER EXTREMITY Printed in The Netherlands by Koninklijke drukkerij G.J.Thieme bv, Nijmegen ANGIOGRAPHY OF THE UPPER EXTREMITY PROEFSCHRIFT ter verkrijging van de graad van Doctor in de Geneeskunde aan de Rijksuniversiteit te Leiden, op gezag van de Rector Magni- ficus Dr. A. A. H. Kassenaar, Hoogleraar in de faculteit der Geneeskunde, volgens besluit van het college van dekanen te verdedigen op donderdag 6 mei 1982 te klokke 15.15 uur DOOR BLAGOJA K. JANEVSKI geborcn 8 februari 1934 te Gradsko, Joegoslavie MARTINUS NIJHOFF PUBLISHERS THE HAGUE - BOSTON - LONDON 1982 PROMOTOR: Prof. Dr. A. E. van Voorthuisen REPERENTEN: Prof. Dr. J. M. F. LandLandsmees r 1 Prof. Dr. J. L. Terpstra ! I Copyright © 1982 by Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, The Hague All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be repro- duced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the pub- lishers, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers,P.O. Box 566,2501 CN The Hague, The Netherlands if ••»• 7b w^ wife Charlotte To Lucienne, Lidia and Dejan h {, ,;T1 ii-"*1 ™ ffiffp"!»3^>»'*!W^iyJiMBiaMMrar^ ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This thesis was produced in the Department of Radiology, Sirit Annadal Hospital, Maastricht. i Case material: Prof. Dr. H. A. J. Lemmens, surgeon. Technical assistence: Miss J. Crijns, Mrs. A. Rousie-Panis, Miss A. Mordant and Miss H. Nelissen. Secretarial help: Mrs. M. Finders-Velraad and Miss Y. Bessems. Photography: Mr. C. Evers. Graphical illustrations: Mr. C. Voskamp. Correction English text: Dr. -
Anatomical Study of the Clavicular Branch of the Thoracoacromial Artery
MOJ Anatomy & Physiology Research Article Open Access Anatomical study of the clavicular branch of the thoracoacromial artery Abstract Volume 7 Issue 3 - 2020 Introduction: The etiology and the complexity of losses of substances from the chest Philippe Manyacka Ma Nyemb,1,2 Christian wall cause technical difficulties during their reconstruction. In order to obtain the best Fontaine,3 Véronique Duquennoy-Martinot,4 possible functional and morphological results, it is important to appreciate the lesions. 3,5 When considering soft tissue reconstruction, the dimensions, location and shape of losses Xavier Demondion 1Department of Anatomy and Organogenesis, Gaston Berger of substances, as well as the reliability and the arc of rotation of the chosen flap, must University, Senegal be taken into account. The perforator flap of the thoracoacromial artery and its vascular 2Department of General Surgery, Regional Hospital, Senegal anatomical bases have been recently studied, concerning the pectoral and deltoid branches. 3Department of Anatomy and Organogenesis, University de Lille The clavicular branch has only been rarely studied. We propose to study anatomically the 2, France clavicular branch of the thoracoacromial artery, in terms of constancy, dimensions and 4Department of Plastic, Esthetic and Reconstructive Surgery, direction, in order to give to practitioners an additional option in the surgery of perforator Lille University Hospital, France flaps of the cervical region. 5Department of Musculoskeletal Imaging, Lille University Hospital, France Material and methods: We carried out a direct and selective injection of 24 thoracoacromial arteries, on corpses preserved in a low-formalin solution rich in glycerin. The injected Correspondence: Philippe Manyacka MA Nyemb, Laboratory solution was made from a mixture of methylene blue and gelatin. -
Branches of Axillary Artery for PDF 13.5.11
Diagram of branches Acromial Br lar Br icu of axillary artery Clav rtery mial a oacro Thorac Deltoid Br t 1st Par d 2n Superior thoracic artery Anterior Pectoral Br circumflex t Par Pectoralis minor humeral d artery 3r Sub- scapular artery Lateral thoracic artery Circumflex scapular artery Posterior circumflex humeral artery TheFromFrom axillary 1st2nd3rd part part artery (a)superior .(a) (a) subscapular begins The thoracoacromial thoracic at the runs outer– itdown runs border artery within along the of– a the thestoutlong firstfirst subscapularshort ribintercostal trunk,and ends nerve,which space. at projustthe- lowerjectswithin border forwardthe posterior of over terres theaxillary major inner ,fold. where boarder Near it continuesof the pectoralis lower as angle the minor brachial of theand scapula dividesartery. itinto divides four branches.into two, one (i) side clavicular, goes to runs the sideup over of the subclavius chest, the ; (ii) other pectoral to the is deep large surface and runs of Thedownthe latissimusaxillary between artery with the runsthetwo longacrosspectorals subscapular the withsuperior the nerve. externalaspect Near of anterior theits origin axilla thoracic itand gives is markednerve, off a large and by asuppliesbranch, line drawn thethese circumflexfrom muscles; the middle scapular(iii) acromial, of the artery, clavicle usually which to comes apasses point off backhalf-way a common through between trunk the “triangu withthe two the- condylesdeltoid,lar space” andof tothe runs the humerus, back dorsum beneath when of the the scapula. deltoidarm is raisedtoward(b) The to the anteriora right acromion; angle. circumflex and (iv) humeral deltoid runsartery down which beside is a smallthe cephalic artery thatvein, passes in a groove out across between the frontdeltoid of andthe pectoralishumerus, Itmajor,sending is divided and a branch endsinto threein up these to partsthe muscles. -
A High Origin Subscapular Trunk and Its Clinical Implications
ogy iol : Cu ys r h re P n t & R Anatomy & Physiology: Current y e s m e o a t Ariyo, Anat Physiol 2018, 8:2 r a c n h A Research DOI: 10.4172/2161-0940.1000296 ISSN: 2161-0940 Case Report Open Access A High Origin Subscapular Trunk and its Clinical Implications Olutayo Ariyo* Department of Pathology Anatomy and Cell Biology, SKMC, Thomas Jeffesron University, Philadelpphia, PA United States *Corresponding author: Olutayo Ariyo, Department of Pathology Anatomy and Cell Biology, SKMC, Thomas Jeffesron University, Philadelpphia, PA United States, Tel: 610-638-9278; E-mail: [email protected] Received date: May 07, 2018; Accepted date: May 24, 2018; Published date: May 28, 2018 Copyright: © 2018 Ariyo O. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Abstract Important variations in the arrangement of branches of the axillary artery revolve around the origin of the subscapular artery. The case of a "high origin" subscapular artery as a common trunk to lateral thoracic, common circumflex humeral trunk in the left upper limb of a 72 year-old female cadaver, is discussed. This variant trunk originated posterior to the pectoralis minor muscle about 2-3 cm posteroinferior to that of the thoracoaromial artery. Trunk formations in the axillary artery with four or more branches sharing a common stem of origin are infrequent compared with those with fewer numbers. In certain surgical orthopedic procedures, surgeons sometimes administer a ligature in the 3rd part of the artery, relying on a suprascapular/dorsal scapular-circumflex scapular colateral pathway to dump blood into the artery distal to the ligature. -
UNILATERAL VARIATION in the BRANCHING PATTERN of AXILLARY ARTERY: a CADAVERIC STUDY Ranjana Verma *1, Sabita Mishra 2, Anita Mahajan 3
International Journal of Anatomy and Research, Int J Anat Res 2014, Vol 2(1):292-94. ISSN 2321- 4287 Image Article UNILATERAL VARIATION IN THE BRANCHING PATTERN OF AXILLARY ARTERY: A CADAVERIC STUDY Ranjana Verma *1, Sabita Mishra 2, Anita Mahajan 3. *1 Assistant Professor, 2 Professor, 3 Professor. Department of Anatomy, MaulanaAzad Medical College, New Delhi, India. ABSTRACT During routine dissection of upper extremity in a 55-year-old male cadaver we noted a rare variation in the branching pattern of the axillary artery on the left side. The second part of the axillary artery was the source of all the branches of the axillary artery which arise normally from second and third part. The third part of axillary artery was related to the branches of brachial plexus and without giving any branches continued as brachial artery at the lower border of teres major. This finding has an embryological basis and clinical relevance. These variations in the branching pattern of axillary artery may be due to deviation in the development of the vascular plexus of the limb bud. Awareness of variation of axillary artery may serve as a guide for both radiologists and vascular surgeons. During surgeries for lymph nodes in the axilla and pectoral region, presence of such variations must be kept in mind. KEYWORDS: Axillary artery; Collateral branch; Accessory subscapular artery. Address for Correspondence: Dr. Ranjana Verma, Assistant Professor, Dept. of Anatomy, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi 110002, India. E-Mail: [email protected] Access this Article online Quick Response code Web site: International Journal of Anatomy and Research ISSN 2321-4287 www.ijmhr.org/ijar.htm Received: 05 Feb 2014 Peer Review: 05 Feb 2014 Published (O):30 March 2014 Accepted: 27 Feb 2014 Published (P):30 March 2014 INTRODUCTION artery runs along the lateral border of pectoralis Variation in the origin, branching and course of minor and supplies the thoracic wall. -
The Variations of the Subclavian Artery and Its Branches Ahmet H
Okajimas Folia Anat. Jpn., 76(5): 255-262, December, 1999 The Variations of the Subclavian Artery and Its Branches By Ahmet H. YUCEL, Emine KIZILKANAT and CengizO. OZDEMIR Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Cukurova University, 01330 Balcali, Adana Turkey -Received for Publication, June 19,1999- Key Words: Subclavian artery, Vertebral artery, Arterial variation Summary: This study reports important variations in branches of the subclavian artery in a singular cadaver. The origin of the left vertebral artery was from the aortic arch. On the right side, no thyrocervical trunk was found. The two branches which normally originate from the thyrocervical trunk had a different origin. The transverse cervical artery arose directly from the subclavian artery and suprascapular artery originated from the internal thoracic artery. This variation provides a short route for posterior scapular anastomoses. An awareness of this rare variation is important because this area is used for diagnostic and surgical procedures. The subclavian artery, the main artery of the The variations of the subclavian artery and its upper extremity, also gives off the branches which branches have a great importance both in blood supply the neck region. The right subclavian arises vessels surgery and in angiographic investigations. from the brachiocephalic trunk, the left from the aortic arch. Because of this, the first part of the right and left subclavian arteries differs both in the Subjects origin and length. The branches of the subclavian artery are vertebral artery, internal thoracic artery, This work is based on a dissection carried out in thyrocervical trunk, costocervical trunk and dorsal the Department of Anatomy in the Faculty of scapular artery. -
Head & Neck Muscle Table
Robert Frysztak, PhD. Structure of the Human Body Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine HEAD‐NECK MUSCLE TABLE PROXIMAL ATTACHMENT DISTAL ATTACHMENT MUSCLE INNERVATION MAIN ACTIONS BLOOD SUPPLY MUSCLE GROUP (ORIGIN) (INSERTION) Anterior floor of orbit lateral to Oculomotor nerve (CN III), inferior Abducts, elevates, and laterally Inferior oblique Lateral sclera deep to lateral rectus Ophthalmic artery Extra‐ocular nasolacrimal canal division rotates eyeball Inferior aspect of eyeball, posterior to Oculomotor nerve (CN III), inferior Depresses, adducts, and laterally Inferior rectus Common tendinous ring Ophthalmic artery Extra‐ocular corneoscleral junction division rotates eyeball Lateral aspect of eyeball, posterior to Lateral rectus Common tendinous ring Abducent nerve (CN VI) Abducts eyeball Ophthalmic artery Extra‐ocular corneoscleral junction Medial aspect of eyeball, posterior to Oculomotor nerve (CN III), inferior Medial rectus Common tendinous ring Adducts eyeball Ophthalmic artery Extra‐ocular corneoscleral junction division Passes through trochlea, attaches to Body of sphenoid (above optic foramen), Abducts, depresses, and medially Superior oblique superior sclera between superior and Trochlear nerve (CN IV) Ophthalmic artery Extra‐ocular medial to origin of superior rectus rotates eyeball lateral recti Superior aspect of eyeball, posterior to Oculomotor nerve (CN III), superior Elevates, adducts, and medially Superior rectus Common tendinous ring Ophthalmic artery Extra‐ocular the corneoscleral junction division -
Axilla & Brachial Plexus
Anatomy Guy Dissection Sheet Axilla & Brachial Plexus Dr. Craig Goodmurphy Anatomy Guy Major Dissection Objectives 1. Review some of the superficial veins and nerves and extrapolate skin incisions down the arm while sparing the cephalic and basilic veins 2. Secure the upper limb in an abducted position and review the borders of the axilla while reflecting pec major and minor. 3. You may need to remove the middle third of the clavicle with bone cutters or oscillating saw 4. Identify and open the axillary sheath to find the axillary vein and separate it away from the arteries and nerves 5. Once it is mobilized remove smaller veins and reflect the axillary vein medially Major Dissection Objectives Arteries 6. Locate and clean the subclavian artery as it becomes the axillary a. at the first rib. 7. Identifying part 1, 2 and 3 of the axillary artery as they relate to pectoralis minor 8. Identify & clean the thoracoacromial trunk and its branches along with the lateral thoracic artery 9. Clean the subscapular artery and follow it to the circumflex scapular and thoracodorsal branches removing the fat of the region and noting variations and lymph nodes that may be present. 10. Locate the posterior and anterior humeral circumflex arteries and the brachial artery Eastern Virginia Medical School 1 Anatomy Guy Dissection Sheet Axilla & Brachial Plexus Major Dissection Objectives Nerves 11. Review the parts of the brachial plexus with roots in the scalene gap, trunks superior to the clavicle, divisions posterior to the clavicle, cords and branches inferior to the clavicle. 12. Locate the musculocutaneous nerve laterally as it pierces the coracobrachialis m. -
Complications Associated with Clavicular Fracture
NOR200061.qxd 9/11/09 1:23 PM Page 217 Complications Associated With Clavicular Fracture George Mouzopoulos ▼ Emmanuil Morakis ▼ Michalis Stamatakos ▼ Mathaios Tzurbakis The objective of our literature review was to inform or- subclavian vein, due to its stable connection with the thopaedic nurses about the complications of clavicular frac- clavicle via the cervical fascia, can also be subjected to ture, which are easily misdiagnosed. For this purpose, we injuries (Casbas et al., 2005). Damage to the internal searched MEDLINE (1965–2005) using the key words clavicle, jugular vein, the suprascapular artery, the axillary, and fracture, and complications. Fractures of the clavicle are usu- carotid artery after a clavicular fracture has also been ally thought to be easily managed by symptomatic treatment reported (Katras et al., 2001). About 50% of injuries to the subclavian arteries are in a broad arm sling. However, it is well recognized that not due to fractures of the clavicle because the proximal all clavicular fractures have a good outcome. Displaced or part is dislocated superiorly by the sternocleidomas- comminuted clavicle fractures are associated with complica- toid, causing damage to the vessel (Sodhi, Arora, & tions such as subclavian vessels injury, hemopneumothorax, Khandelwal, 2007). If no injury happens during the ini- brachial plexus paresis, nonunion, malunion, posttraumatic tial displacement of the fractured part, then it is un- arthritis, refracture, and other complications related to os- likely to happen later, because the distal segment is dis- teosynthesis. Herein, we describe what the orthopaedic nurse placed downward and forward due to shoulder weight, should know about the complications of clavicular fractures. -
Dr. Neelesh Kanasker Original Research Paper Anatomy Dr.Preeti
Original Research Paper Volume - 11 | Issue - 04 | April - 2021 | PRINT ISSN No. 2249 - 555X | DOI : 10.36106/ijar Anatomy SURGICAL IMPORTANCE OF VARIABLE BRANCHING PATTERN OF THYROCERVICAL TRUNK IN NECK ROOT SURGERIES Dr. Neelesh Associate professor, Department of Anatomy, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital Kanasker and Research Center, Dr.D.Y.Patil Vidyapeeth , Pimpri Pune. Professor, Department of Anatomy, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Dr.Preeti Sonje* Research Center, Dr.D.Y.Patil Vidyapeeth , Pimpri Pune. *Corresponding Author Dr. P. Professor and Director Academics, Department of Anatomy, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical Vatsalaswamy College, Hospital and Research Center, Dr.D.Y.Patil Vidyapeeth , Pimpri Pune. ABSTRACT Objectives: Variations in the arteries of human body are important clinically as well as anatomically. Accurate knowledge and understanding of anomalous variations in the origin and course of arteries have serious implications in angiographic and surgical procedures hence it is of great importance to be aware of such possibilities of variations. Background and Results: Thyrocervical Trunk is short wide vessel arising from rst part of subclavian artery and divides into its three terminal branches i.e. Suprascapular, Inferior Thyroid and Transverse cervical artery. 30 formalin xed cadavers were dissected to study variations in Thyrocervical Trunk and its branches if any. Conclusion: Awareness of variations in the origin and branching pattern is of utmost importance during Doppler scanning of blood vessels for clinical diagnosis and surgical management and to avoid major complications in head and neck surgeries. KEYWORDS : Thyrocervical Trunk, Anomalous variations, Doppler scanning, Head and neck surgeries. INTRODUCTION anterior muscle and then arches medially at the level of C7 vertebra Subclavian artery is the artery of upper limb, but is supplies a between the vertebral vessels behind and carotid sheath in front. -
Arterial Supply to the Rotator Cuff Muscles
Int. J. Morphol., 32(1):136-140, 2014. Arterial Supply to the Rotator Cuff Muscles Suministro Arterial de los Músculos del Manguito Rotador N. Naidoo*; L. Lazarus*; B. Z. De Gama*; N. O. Ajayi* & K. S. Satyapal* NAIDOO, N.; LAZARUS, L.; DE GAMA, B. Z.; AJAYI, N. O. & SATYAPAL, K. S. Arterial supply to the rotator cuff muscles.Int. J. Morphol., 32(1):136-140, 2014. SUMMARY: The arterial supply to the rotator cuff muscles is generally provided by the subscapular, circumflex scapular, posterior circumflex humeral and suprascapular arteries. This study involved the bilateral dissection of the scapulohumeral region of 31 adult and 19 fetal cadaveric specimens. The subscapularis muscle was supplied by the subscapular, suprascapular and circumflex scapular arteries. The supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles were supplied by the suprascapular artery. The infraspinatus and teres minor muscles were found to be supplied by the circumflex scapular artery. In addition to the branches of these parent arteries, the rotator cuff muscles were found to be supplied by the dorsal scapular, lateral thoracic, thoracodorsal and posterior circumflex humeral arteries. The variations in the arterial supply to the rotator cuff muscles recorded in this study are unique and were not described in the literature reviewed. Due to the increased frequency of operative procedures in the scapulohumeral region, the knowledge of variations in the arterial supply to the rotator cuff muscles may be of practical importance to surgeons and radiologists. KEY WORDS: Arterial supply; Variations; Rotator cuff muscles; Parent arteries. INTRODUCTION (Abrassart et al.). In addition, the muscular parts of infraspinatus and teres minor muscles were supplied by the circumflex scapular artery while the tendinous parts of these The rotator cuff is a musculotendionous cuff formed muscles received branches from the posterior circumflex by the fusion of the tendons of four muscles – viz.