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Syria: Playing Into Their Hands 142 Bibliography Abboud, Samer. 2013. “Syria’s Business Elite: Between Political Alignment and Hedging Their Bets”, SWP Comments 22, Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik, August. Abboud, Samer. 2015a. Syria. Cambridge and Malden, MA: Polity. Abboud, Samer. 2015b. “Syria: An interview with Samer Abboud”, Jadaliyya, December 30. Abdul-Ahad, Ghaith. 2012. “Syrian rebels sidetracked by scramble for spoils of war”, Guardian, December 27. Ackerman, Spencer. 2014. “Foreign jihadists flocking to Iraq and Syria on ‘unprecedented scale’ – UN”, Guardian, October 30. AFP/Washington. 2015. “‘More than 90%’ of Russian airstrikes in Syria have not targeted Isis, US says”, Guardian, October 7. Afzal, Madiha. 2013. “Drone Strikes and Anti-Americanism in Pakistan”, Brookings Institution, Washington, D.C., February 7. Africa Watch. 1991. Evil Days: 20 Years of War and Famine in Ethiopia, New York, Washington, Los Angeles and London. 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Attree, Larry. 2016. “Blown back: Lessons from counter-terror, stabilisation and statebuilding in Yemen”, Saferworld, London. www.saferworld.org.uk/oldsite/ resources/view-resource/1033-blown-back Atree, Larry. 2017. “Shouldn’t YOU be countering violent extremism?”, Saferworld, London, March. https://saferworld-indepth.squarespace.com/shouldnt-you-be- countering-violent-extremism Atwan, Abdel Bari. 2015. Islamic State: The Digital Caliphate, London: Saqi Books. Bacik, Gokhan and Bezen Balamir Coskun. 2011. “The PKK Problem: Explaining Turkey’s Failure to Develop a Political Solution”, Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, 34, pp. 248–65. Baczko, Adam, Robin Beaumont, Felix Legrand and Arthur Quesnay. 2014. “Sectarian Strategies, National Settings and the War Economy in Syria and Iraq”, NORIA (Network of Researchers in International Affairs), July. www.noria-research.com/ sectarian-strategies-national-settings-and-the-war-economy-in-syria-and-iraq/ 144 SYRIA: PLAYING INTO THEIR HANDS Balanche, Fabrice. 2016a. “The Battle of Aleppo is the Center of the Syrian Chessboard”, Washington Institute for Near East Policy, Washington, D.C., February 5. Balanche, Fabrice. 2016b. “Kurdish Forces Bolster Assad in Aleppo”, Washington Institute for Near East Policy, Washington, D.C., July 29. Barfi, Barak. 2016. “Ascent of the PYD and the SDF”, Washington Institute for Near East Policy, Research Notes no. 32, Washington, D.C., April. Barkey, Henri. 2014. “Turkey’s Syria Predicament”, Adelphi Series, 54:447–448, pp. 99–122, International Institute for Strategic Studies, London (published online December 15). 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BBC News. 2016a. “Syrian Conflict: UN first air drop delivery aid to Deir al-Zour”, February 24, bbc.co.uk. www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-35654483 BBC News. 2016b. “Syria conflict: US says Russia driving rebels into extremists’ camp”, October 2016. www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-37525655 BBC. 2017. “Syria conflict: Manbij militia to hand villages to army”, March 2, www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-39140880 Beals, Emma and Nick Hopkins. 2016. “Guardian briefing: the key questions around aid and Syria”, Guardian, October 28. Beaumont, Peter. 2012. “Syrian forces pound Homs as first UN monitors set to arrive”, Guardian, April 15. Berdal, Mats. 2003. “How ‘New’ are ‘New Wars?’ Global Economic Change and the Study of Civil War”, Global Governance, 9, 4, pp. 477–502. Berdal, Mats and Keen, David. 1997. “Violence and Economic Agendas in Civil Wars: Considerations for Policymakers”, Millennium, vol. 26, no. 3. Betts, Alexander and Paul Collier. 2017. Refuge: Transforming a Broken Refugee System, London: Allen Lane. Birke, Sarah. 2013. “How al-Qaeda Changed the Syrian War”, New York Review of Books, December 27. www.nybooks.com/daily/2013/12/27/how-al-qaeda-changed- syrian-war/ Birke, Sarah. 2015. “How ISIS Rules”, New York Review of Books, February 5. www.nybooks.com/daily/2014/12/09/how-isis-rules/ Bitar, Nadia. 2012. “Syrian War Profiteers Cash In on Insurgency”,Spiegel Online. June 6. BIBLIOGRAPHY 145 Black, Ian. 2015. “Wake-up call on Syrian army weakness prompted Russian intervention”, Guardian, October 1. Bonsey, Noah. 2016. “What Comes After the Bloody Battle for Aleppo?”, International Crisis Group, Commentary, December 15. Bonsey, Noah. 2017a. “What’s at Stake in the Syrian Peace Talks in Astana?”, International Crisis Group, Commentary, January 24. Bonsey, Noah. 2017b. “Will the Americans Abandon Us?”, International Crisis Group, Commentary, July 17. Borger, Julian and Mona Mahmood. 2013. “EU decision to lift Syrian oil sanctions boosts jihadist groups”, Guardian, May 19. Butter, David. 2016. “Salvaging Syria’s Economy”, Chatham House (Royal Institute of International Affairs), March. Cafarella, Jennifer and Genevieve Casagrande. 2016. “Syrian Armed Opposition Forces in Aleppo”, Institute for the Study of War, Washington, D.C., February 13. Cafarella, Jennifer, Harleen Gambhir, and Katherine Zimmerman. 2016. “U.S. Grand Strategy: Destroying ISIS and al-Qaeda, Report Three: Jabhat al-Nusra and ISIS: Sources of Strength”, February. Cafarella, Jennifer, Kimberly Kagan, and Frederick Kagan. 2017. “U.S. Grand Strategy: Destroying ISIS and al-Qaeda, Report Four: America’s Way Ahead in Syria”, Washington, D.C., March. Callimachi, Rukmini. 2017. “Freed from ISIS, but in shock”, New York Times, July 27. Cameron, Hazel. 2015. “The French Connection: Complicity in the 1994 Genocide in Rwanda”, African Security, 8, 2, pp. 96–119. Candar, Cengiz. (2017), “Operation Euphrates Shield: A post-mortem”. Al-Monitor/ Reuters, April 5. Caris, Charles and Samuel Reynolds. 2014. “ISIS Governance in Syria”, Middle East Security Report 22, Institute for the Study of War, Washington, D.C., July. Channel 4. 2017. “ISIS and the battle for Iraq”, Dispatches, April 6. Charap, Samuel. 2013. “Russia, Syria and the Doctrine of Intervention”, Survival, 55, 1, pp. 35–41. Chulov, Martin. 2013. “Syrian Kurds continue to flee to Iraq in their thousands”, Guardian, August 18. Chulov, Martin. 2015. “Amid the ruins of Syria, is Bashar al-Assad now finally facing the end””, Guardian, May 24. Chulov, Martin. 2017. “Moroccan Isis terrorists ‘pose a threat on Europe’s doorstep’”, Guardian, August 20. Chulov, Martin, Jamie Istanbul, Jon Swaine. 2017. “Isis faces exodus of foreign fighters as its ‘caliphate’ crumbles”,
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