P ORTRAI T OF M I CH AEL ANGEL O

At t r ib u t ed t o Mar cello V en u st i TH E L IFE

B Y R O M A I N R o i L KNb

BY FREDERIC L E E S

‘ L O NDO N WI L AM H EI N E M A N N r oiz 'r m r r o r MK ‘ HAE L ANG EL O

Al h l i mwd ( a M ir e lla) Ven nfifl TH E L IFE O F VIIC H AEL AN GEL O B Y R O M A I N R O L L A N D

AU TH OR O F “ O CH RISTO PH ER ” ETC J H N .

TRANSL ATED FRO M TH E FRENCH B Y F RE D E R IC L E E S

I L L U STRATED

L O ND O N W I L L I AM H E I N E M A N N

1 9 1 2

P R EF AC E

I N the Nation al Mu seum in Florence is a marble statue ” Th o e e en which Michael Angel o called e Vict r . It r pr s ts

ea n e e of a o n man the b utiful ud figur y u g , with curly

o o an di n e e h has a e o e a l w e ea . e hair v r f r h d St g r ct , pl c d

n on the a of a ea e one who en his k ee b ck b rd d pris r , b ds

the and e an ox e e ea o a . , lik , str tch s his h d f rw rd But

en a o t o e he victor looks not upon him . Wh b ut strik

a an and n a a sad o and st ys his h d , tur s w y his m uth

ar a a o a o e . irresolute eyes . His m f lls b ck t w rds his sh uld r

a A e e for o no He throws himself b ckwards . d sir vict ry

— t o o he longer fills his heart it is repulsive him . Th ugh

has n e e he in n an e . co qu r d , tur is v quish d

e e en a on of e o o o This r pr s t ti h r ic D ubt , this vict ry with shattered wi ngs (which was the only one of all t he works of Michael Angelo t o remain in his Florence studi o until

' the da of hi s ea an d hi Daniell o da Vo e a the y d th , w ch lt rr ,

o o en who was a a n e o h b s m fri d cqu i t d with his th ug ts , wished t o use in the ornamentati on of his catafalque) is

ae o and th o of s o e Mich l Angel himself e symb l hi wh le lif .

Suffering is infinite an d assumes a multitude of

o n n f rms . At one time it is caused by the bli d tyra ny vi PREFACE

— ne the n e of a e or of thi ngs poverty , sick ss , i justic F t ,

n an o e e has the wickedness of ma . At th r tim it its

’ n en n o e a e seat in one s very bei g . It is th l ss piti bl

a For the o e of our e n was nor less fat l . ch ic b i g n ot ours we asked n either t o live nor t o b e What

we are .

The latter form of suffering was the one whi ch afflicted — a n o H e had the en h he had the a e Mich el A gel . str gt r r good fortune t o b e fashi oned for struggling and con

n W a H e had no e e e n He o e e . qu ri g . c qu r d But h t d sir - for o a was not a he an e . a e e vict ry . Th t wh t w t d H ml t lik tragedy l Poignan t contradiction between an heroic

en and a was n ot e o een e o g ius will which h r ic , betw imp ri us passions and a will which willed n ot I

Do not e e m e t o see in a e so an o e xp ct this , ft r m y th r

oo of ea ne an a ona a of an e pr fs gr t ss , dditi l m rk gr d ur .

e e I a a e a e a man e ea N v r will dmit th t , b c us is v ry gr t ,

the o not ffi en for nea ne of n w rld is su ci t him . U si ss mi d

not a n of an An o i o een is sig gr deur . y want f hat n ny betw

a e n and n e een e and a o e b i g thi gs , b tw lif its l ws , pr c eds ,

e en in the a e of ea men not o e ea ne v c s gr t , fr m th ir gr t ss e ea n but th ir w k ess . Why endeavour t o hide this weak n ess Is he who is weaker less worthy of love He is

n n e o e of na as h a a i fi it ly w rthi r it , i smuch e h s gre ter need of . I a e not a e t o na e e o it r is st tu s i cc ssible h roes . C wardly

ea i e o id l sm , which div rts ur eyes from the woes of life an d

the ea ne e of the o I a o w k ss s s ul , bh r . We must tell this h t o trut a people who are t oo sensitive t o the deceptive u o f ill si ns o sonorous words : the heroic lie is a piece of o a e c w rdic . There is onl y one form of heroism in the PREFACE

o and on in ee n the o as —and w rld , it c sists s i g w rld it is

o n in l vi g it .

The tragedy of destiny presen ted in the following

a e a of nn a e f e n has o n at p g s is th t i t su f ri g , which its rigi

the oo of a e n na n e an and r t b i g , which g ws it i c ss tly will

f on o e not leave it until its work o destructi is v r . It shows us one of t he most p owerful of t he types of that great huma n race which for nin eteen centuries has — filled the West with its cries of s orrow an d faith the

an Christi .

o e da en e an d en e a ea o n S m y , c turi s c turi s h d (supp si g

a our ea l e o e e t he eo e the e th t rth is sti l r c ll ct d) , p pl Of futur will ben d over t he abyss into which our race has dis

a ea e as an e on the e e of a e o e pp r d , D t did dg M l b lg , with

in Of a a on o o an who n e ee d . mi gl d f l gs dmir ti , h rr r pity But

l ee e eene an we a e one—we who as wi l f l th m k r th h v d ,

d en a e e e en e e e a u e we who chil r , h v xp ri c d th s ng ish s ; have seen those who were dearest t o us strive against them we whose throats know the acrid and intoxicating

o o an e mi we who on e t a n d ur Of Christi p ssi sm , c r i

o a on a e had t o a e an ef o in o e not t o cc si s , h v m k f rt rd r

e wa e o e in o en of o t o the en giv y, lik th rs , m m ts d ubt , fr zy of the Divine Nothingness

God ! e n a o o o not Et r l life ! Refuge of. th se wh d

ee in n e e e o ! a hi e succ d livi g h r b l w F ith , w ch is v ry

o en a a of a in li e a a of a in the ft but l ck f ith f , l ck f ith

e a a k of a in one e a a of o a e and a futur , l c f ith s lf , l ck c ur g , lack of j oy We are aware of the numb er of defeats on which your sorrowful victory is based l viii PREFACE

I o e ou a on an a , And it is for that re s , Christi s , th t l v y o I ou and a e o e an . for I pity you . pity y dmir y ur m l ch ly Th o ou ea . e Y ou sadden the world , but y b utify it w rld I e e . n will b e poorer when your sorrow is no longer th r

oi - o a who e e en a e t o a e w this age c w rds , tr mbl wh f c f c ith t o e t o a ne sorrow and noisily lay claim th ir right h ppi ss ,

as o en as n ot the t o the n a ne of which , ft , is right u h ppi ss

let a e the o a e t o oo o o in the a e others , us h v c ur g l k s rr w f c b e o e e a o b e and venerate it Blessed j y , but bl ss d ls sorrow ! One is the sister t o the other an d b oth are saints They make the world and expan d t he souls of

e are en e are e e are the great . Th y str gth , th y lif , th y

ot o of e o e ne e the God He who loves n b th th m , l v s ith r

And he who has e e e no one nor the other . r lish d th m k ws n the value of life and the sweetness of leavi g it .

At the end of this tragic history I am tormented by a

in n t o e o e e . ask e e e scrupl I mys lf wh th r , wishi g giv th s

who e o an on of o o t o o e a e suff r c mp i s s rr w supp rt th m , I h v

o not added the sorrow of the latter t o that of the f rmer .

not a e t o a e o n as so an o e a e Ought I r th r h v sh w , m y th rs h v

one on the e o e of the e of e o and t o d , ly h r ic sid lif my h r , have thrown a veil over his sadness P No Truth above all things I have not promised my — friends happiness at the price of a lie happiness in any

and e e a e at no a e a o I o e e v ry c s , m tt r wh t c st . pr mis d th m

e en at the of — truth , v price happiness virile truth whi ch a on e e na o . ea o e . f shi s t r l s uls Its br th is r ugh , but it is pur L et a e our anae ea i us b th mic h rts n it .

ea o are e o n a n T Gr t s uls lik m u t i summits . he wind PREFACE

ea on e o en e o e we ea e b ts up th m , cl uds v l p th m but br th

an e e The air on better and deeper there th elsewh r . those heights possesses a purity which cleanses the heart of defil ement s and en the o a we o na e its , wh cl uds p rt d mi t th an a e hum r ce . Such was that colossal mountain which t owered ab ove the Italy of the Renaissance and whose tortured profile

we see far a a in the w y sky . I do not claim that the generality of mankind can live

on o e a on e a ea e o t o th s summits , but th t c y r th y ught

a en e on a a e e e e ene the sc d th m pilgrim g . Th r th y will r w

air of n an of n e e their lu gs d the blood their vei s . Up th r

e And th y will feel that they ar e nearer the Eternal . afterwards they will descen d towards the plains of life

with their hearts tempered for the daily stru ggle .

ROMAI N ROL L AND

CONTENTS

PREFACE INTRODU CTION PART I—TH E S TRU GGL E I STREN GTH I I S HATTERED S TRENGTH III DES PA I R

PART I I—ABDICATION

EPI L OG UE DEATH

APP ENDIX

PART I POEMS BY M ICHAEL ANGELO PART I I B I BLI OGRAPHY

L IST OF IL L U STRATIONS

PORTRA I T OF M I C HAE L ANGE LO p r on gzwm Attrib uted to M arcello Venusti

’ TOMB OF G I U L I ANO DE M E D I C I I n the M edici Cha el S an L orenz o F orence p , , l

THE B ATTLE O F TH E C E NTAU Rs U nfinished has-relief in th Galle ia B u onar ot i F o ence e r r , l r PI ETA ’ R S t . Peter s, ome

DAVI D Academ of Fine Arts F o ence y , l r THE HOLY FA M I LY I n the U fii z i Flo ence , r THE PROP H E T J ERE MI A H In the S istine Chapel DECORAT I VE FI GU RE In the S istine Chapel THE S LAVE From the‘statue in the L ouvre GOD CREATI NG TH E S U N AND MOON I n the S istine Chapel

’ MON U MENT OF LOREN ZO DE M ED I C I Medici ha el S an L orenz o Fl or nce C p , , e THE CREAT I ON O F MAN In the S istine Chapel

THE ERYTH RIE AN S Y B I L From the Sistine Chapel THE LI BYAN S YB IL From the Sistine Chapel VICTORY om the ou in the Nat ona Museum F orence Fr gr p i l , l xiii LIST OF ILLUSTRATIO NS

CH R I S T CON DEMN I NG THE WI CKED ” F m f Th L ast ud ement n he i C rag ent o e J g , i t S ist ne hapel YOU NG WOMAN WEARI NG A HE L M ET From the drawing in the U fiiz i Gallery TH E RES URRECTI ON From a drawing in the L ouvre TH E RES U RRECTI ON From a drawing in the B ritish M useum

’ CHARON S B OAT Fragment of The L ast Judgment in the S istine Chapel MO S E S (TOME OF JUL I US II) o i S an Pietr in V ncoli, Rome

O I GI L DEL I N WO D OF TH E OME OF T R’ R NA MO ( O ) D S . PETE S I n the Vatican

TH E DES CENT F ROM TH E CRO S S From the rou in the Cathed al g p r , Florence J ES S E I n the S istine Chapel

I NTR O D U CTI ON

— HE was a Florentine citizen Oi that Florence with e a a e an o o e n a n sombr p l c s , l cif rm t w rs , dry u dul ti g hills , sharply defined against a deep blue sky an d covered with little black fusiform cypresses . and a silver scarf of Olive — trees which move like the waves of the sea of that n n e e e an o en e e e the a e on a e of i te s ly l g t Fl r c wh r p l , ir ic f c ’ o en o de e an d a a e a e L r z M dici , M chi v lli , with his l rg , nnin o e t o ee L a a e a an d the cu g m uth , us d m t Prim v r , o o a e o en - a e en e of o e — Oi chl r tic , p l g ld h ir d V us s B ttic lli a e e o and ne o o en e was the th t f v rish , pr ud ur tic Fl r c which e of e e or ana was a a e pr y v ry f m Of f ticism , which git t d by e e o of el o or o a e a e e e e on e v ry f rm r igi us s ci l hyst ri , wh r v ry was a ee man an d e e e e one was a an e e fr wh r v ry tyr t , wh r was so oo t o e and e e e was a e — oi it g d liv , wh r lif h ll a n e li en n o e an en a an d th t city Of i t l g t , i t l r t , thusi stic a nan c en who o e e on e a o m lig t itiz s , p ss ss d t gu s th t c uld n and n a e e on who sti g mi ds th t w r full Of suspici , j ealously spied on e an other an d tore each other t o pi eces -that City where there was n o room for the free mi n d Of a eona o e e o e en e in the e e L rd , wh r B ttic lli d d d lud d mysticism of a Scotch Puritan where the goat -like

' a e a en -e a on a o a o e hi s on s vis g d , rd t yed S v r l rder d m k t o dan e a o n a on e of o of art and e e c r u d b fir w rks , wh r , ee ea a e the e was a e t n the thr y rs l t r , pil r is d q bur o e pr ph t . N 4 THE LIFE OF MICHAEL A GELO

t o a and t o o e a Michael Angelo belonged th t city th s d ys

e a on and e e e . with all their prejudic s , p ssi s , f v rish lif

e o a s o a o . Certainly he was not tend r t w rd his c mp tri ts - e o en -air en he e e With his broad chest d , p g ius , d spis d o oo e e en o n e e their narrow artistic utl k , th ir pr t ti us i t ll ct , e en en a an d e o their dull realism , th ir s tim t lism , th ir m rbid H e an e e o he o e subtlety . h dl d th m r ughly but l v d e a n a e a e he them nevertheless . As r g rds his tiv pl c , did ’ fa n n e en e . en r not possess Leon ardo s smili g i diff r c Wh - 1 o e ne . from Florence he was con sumed with h m sick ss i a o During his whole life he wore himself ou t n v in eff rts He was in o en e in the a o of t o live there . Fl r c tr gic h ur t o e n e e at war ; and it was his desire r tur th r n e he had een na e t o do so when dead , si c b u bl ” 2 alive . n a he was he was e Old Florenti e th t , fill d with 3 n a e H e was o e of pride of his blood a d his r c . pr ud r

1 From tim e t o time I fall i nto a state of gr eat m fa e o e as happ ens to those who ar e r from th ir h m .

u u 1 1 o e . A g st 9 , 49 7 , R m ) 2 f e w en h e a e H e was thin ki ng o ! hims lf h m d n dei a one Of th e an e Fl o Cecchi o Br cci , b ish d e sa : ea ea t o m e n e S a owe in Rom , y D th is d r , si c I h ll f e u n n t o n a e a e w was happiness o r t r i g my tiv pl c , hich ” ’

w was a e . oe of ae n e o to m e hilst I liv P ms Mich l A g l , ’ e e on . Fr y s diti , lxxiii T e ona o S on n a e of S e i n ano h Bu rr ti im i , tiv s tt g , in the Florentin e chr on icles from t h e twelfth centur wa e H e n e a we a . w en e o Angelo w s ll r Of this k his g al gy . a e C en of t h e no e a e h e w o e in a e e of D e r itiz s bl st r c , r t l tt r

1 6 to n e ew eon a o . H e e a e n nan 5 4 , his ph L rd b c m i dig t idea that his n ephew shoul d thin k of j oin in g t h e ran ks ” Y o w a a f - . u o o e e e h e a no . bility sh l ck s lf r sp ct , s id one knows that we belon g t o th e old burgesses of Floren n e as an n e e a ar e as obl y o . (F bru ry ’ to e o e a a en o n e t o e r st r his f mily s f ll f rtu s , r vi

’ of S on and to e a a a c an im i , st blish p tn i ho use INTRODUCTION 5

n of n n H e o n ot e lineage tha his ge i us eve . w uld p rmit am n ot the people t o regard him as an artist . I o ae n e o he a I am ae sculpt r Mich l A g l s id , Mich l ona o Angelo Bu rr ti . H e was men tally an aristocrat and p ossessed all the f H e e en en so far as t o sa prejudices o his caste . v w t y a ar t o t o b e e e e n o e n ot th t ught x rcis d by bl s , by ” 2 n plebei a s . H e had a e o an e a o a a an con ce r ligi us , tiqu , lm st b rb ri p of t a H e a e e e n t o an d ti on he f mily . s crific d v rythi g it e o e t o do the a e he h e a he wish d th rs s m . As ims lf s id , “ ” 3 a f r a e would have sold himself s a slave o its s k . e on had i e t o do H e e e Aff cti l ttl with this . d spis d his wh o e e e o n H e e o e . e br th rs , w ll m rit d his sc r d spis d his ne — e as e e en a hi s a e . e ph w his h ir But , r pr s t tiv s Of f mily ,

’ an we e e e a e e H e his pl s r v r fr ustr t d by his brothers m diocrity . blushed t o thin k that on e Of them (S igismon do) guid ed a plough f n I and e t h e e O a ea a . n 1 20 o n e an o liv d lif p s t 5 , C u t Al ss dr of Canossa wrote t o him t o say that in his family archives h e ha o e e t h e oo a e we e e a e Th e n o a d disc v r d pr f th t th y r r l t d . i f rm on was n a a e ae n e o e e e an d w e ti i ccur t , but Mich l A g l b li v d it , ish d to a e th e a eau of ano a th e a e e a e o f purch s ch t C ss , ll g d cr dl his

a . o r a e on o ow n n a on f mily His bi g ph r , C divi , f ll i g his i dic ti s , n e a on an e o ea e th e e of en i clud d m g his c st rs B tric , sist r H ri II and t h e ea o e e a e gr t C mt ss M thild . I n 1 1 o n t h e a on of t h e L t en e o eo . o o 5 5 , cc si visit Of X Fl r c , ’ B uon arr ot o ae n e o o e was a o n e comes ; Mich l A g l s br th r , pp i t d alatin u s an d th e on a o e e e t h e t o add t o e p , Bu rr ti r c iv d right th ir ’ a th e all et of th e e w ee e an d t h e o e rms p M dici , ith thr lili s P p s ono a m gr m . 1 “ a e n e e e e as a a n e or a o h e con I h v v r , ith r p i t r sculpt r , nne f a e a a e o ar t . a e a wa e e e ti s , m d tr d my I h v l ys x rcis d it ” fo th e r on o a . e e t o eon a o Ma 2 h ur Of my f mily (L tt r L rd , y , 2 on C divi . 3 e e t o a e 1 1 H e was not e an L tt r his f th r , August 9 , 49 7 . m ci at ed a e n a 1 1 08 a t t h e a e p by his f th r u til M rch 3 , 5 , g Of - ee thirty thr . (Official certificate r egister ed on t h e followin g March 6 TH E LIFE OF MICHAEL ANGELO

We find e e o on n a he respected them . th s w rds c ti u lly la nosim recurring in his letters : Our family genie uphold our family so that our family t die no .

H e p ossessed all the superstiti on s an d fan aticism of the on a . e e e that rough , str g f mily Th y w r dust fr o a which his being was formed . But fr m th t dust s — the fire which purifies everything genius . t e e in en wh o no n ot H e who does no beli v g ius , k ws e o was let him oo at ae n e o . e e e it is , l k Mich l A g l N v r b f r The en e n ot m an thus its prey . g ius which fill d him did seem t o b e of the same n ature as he it was like a COn an en a e queror who had rushed up on him d held him sl v d . o wa n e e n o an d on e a His will in n y e t r d i t it , might an a oo the say the same of his min d d he rt . It t k — of a frenzied enthusiasm a formidable life in a a o o nd s ul t oo weak t h old it . Michael Angelo lived in a state of continual enthus The suffering caused by the excess of strength with he was as e e n a e o e t o , it w r , i fl t d f rc d him ’ “ ea e e o an o e o e . c s l ssly , with ut h ur s r p s I e out o as ne e man e o e mys lf with w rk v r did b f r , o wr te . I thi nk of nothi ng else save working day a n ight . This unhealthy craving for activity caused him n ot t o accumulate tasks an d accept more commissi on s — he o e e e it e ene a e n o a n a c uld x cut d g r t d i t ma i . e t o e o n ai n en h a a m o wish d sculptur m u t s . Wh e h d en t o he a e ea in a e e e n m t build w st d y rs qu rri s , s l cti g blocks of marble an d making roads alon g which e — . H e an e t o b e e e n en n th m w t d v rythi g gi eer , - — stone cutter ; t o do everything himself build and e no o e aid an own church s with th r th his . resembled th at o INTRODUCTION 7 I for an n . n s even the time eating d sleepi g hi letters we Q are con tinually coming across th e followin g lamentable refrain I have hardl y time t o eat I have n o time t o eat For t he p ast twelve years I have been rui n in g an in n ee n e a e my body with fatigue . I st d d Of ec ss ri s

n n a n a e . e a o an I am without a pe y . I m k d I suff r th us d ills I live in a state of poverty and suffering ” 1 o e I struggle with p v rty . ’ a o o was a n a H e was Mich el Angel s p verty im gi ry . 2 — a w a ea he e a e n ee e e . w lthy b c m , i d d , v ry w lthy But h t use he a e e H e e e a oo m an did m k Of his rich s liv d lik p r , a n e t o a e a o e t o a on e 0 on e h r ess d his t sk lik h rs millst . N n e an h o e 0 on e could u d rst d why e thus t rtur d himself . N could understan d that it was ou t Of his p ower n ot t o o e — a was a n for en t rture hims lf th t it ecessity him . Ev — ’ - his father who had many of his son s traits reproached

him . Your brother tells m e that y ou live with great e ono an d e n in a e e an n e on o c my ve wr tch d m r . Ec my is oo o e b ad —it a e ea e g d , but p v rty is is vic which displ s s both God an d m an an d will do harm t o your s oul an d

1 f e e o 1 0 1 0 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 an d 1 . L tt rs 5 7 , 5 9 , 5 , 5 3, 5 5 , 5 47 2 e ea e e was o n at o e in o e Aft r his d th , th r f u d , his h us R m , o 000 t o 8000 o a e a en t o t o fr m 7 g ld duc ts , quiv l t f o our on e . o eo e a a a a h e h ad a ea en m y M r v r , V s ri s ys th t lr dy giv n wn n H e h a e ew 000 o a d e an no 2000 . d his ph 7 cr s , his s rv t , Urbi , ’ ’ ’ a e e e in e Th e D en u nz z a de bem fo l rg sums in v st d Flor n ce . r 1 5 34 shows that h e then possessed six ho uses and s even estates in F o en e S e n ano R o ez z ano S a e o S an S e a n o l r c , ttig , v , tr d ll , t f de o o a co an d o e a e H e h ad a an a for o e n P zz l ti , th r pl c s . m i p ss ssi g an an d was on n a n as in 1 0 1 06 1 1 2 1 1 l d , c ti u lly buyi g , 5 5 , 5 , 5 , 5 5 , '

1 1 1 1 8 1 1 1 20 & C . a an e o 5 7 , 5 , 5 9 , 5 , A tr it this , tr smitt d fr m ea an an e we e e wea w o . o o h e a a as p s t c st rs H v r , th ugh m ss d lth , it not for himself that h e did it ; h e spen t his riches on others and e e i e f e d priv d h ms lf o verythin g . THE LIFE OF MICHAEL ANGELO

n n o on as ou ar e o , g your body . As l g y y u g thi gs will n ou ar e n o on e so fairly smoothly ; but whe y l g r , sick ties w a e h ad e o n in nesses an d infirmi , hich h v th ir rigi

e w a e e a ea an e . that b ad and wretched lif , ill m k th ir pp r c on n ou do not e moderati , mi d y Avoid poverty , liv with a e and e a e of e e of stand in need of necess ri s , b w r xc ss ” 1 work . o he But counsel was ever WI thou t avai l n ever w uld

ane anne . consen t t o treat himself in a more hum m r A

him . a e a little bread an d wine sufficed t o n ourish B r ly t o o na o ee . en a few hours were devoted t sl p Wh B l g , he had on e of . occupied with the bronze statu Julius II , ly 2 H e la one b ed for himself and his three assistants . y On on e o a on down t o rest fully dressed an d booted . cc si a oo had t o b e hi s legs swelled so much th t his b ts cut , and in removing them the skin of his limbs came with

e th m . ' e e he was as his a e had As a result of this terribl lif , f th r W find o een t o een e e on an . proph si d , c st tly ill e f urt fift 3 o e an on e seri ous illnesses men tion ed in his letters . M r th c

1 e a e on e n n en e w ow t h e b ar S om dvic c c r i g hygi , hich sh s w e all ake a e o b arou sn ess of th e e o o . o tim s , f ll s Ab v , t c r Of y ur

ea ee o e o e a e wa a n d never wash ou r sel . h d , k p y urs lf m d r t ly rm , y f ” Ha e ou e ean e an d n ever wash ou rsel . e e v y rs lf cl d , y f (L tt rs Of e e e 1 D c mb r 9 , 2 e e 1 06 . L tt rs , 5 3 I n S e e e 1 1 at t h e e h e was wo n on t h e pt mb r 5 7 , tim rki g a a e of S an o en o and t h e a e in t h e f c d L r z st tu Of Christ , Church f o S . a a S o a ne a in o e h e was k n o ea . M ri pr Mi rv , R m , sic u t d th I n t h e o ow n ea and in th e a e on w en at t h e f ll i g y r s m m th , h S e a e a a e h e e o o e wo an d wo . r v zz qu rri s , f ll ill thr ugh v r rk rry H e h ad a e n e i f f a ae n 1 20 at th e e o t h e ea o . fr sh ill ss 5 , tim d th R ph l th e en d of 1 2 1 a en eo n a o S el l a o on a a e At 5 , fri d , L rd j , c gr tul t d on e o e n o an him r c v ri g fr m illn ess fro m which few recover . I n ne 1 1 a e the a e of o en e h e o n e e Ju 5 3 , ft r c ptur Fl r c , c uld ith r S leep nor eat his head and heart were aili n g an d h e con ti n ued i n a e un the end of t he ea u n en n e this st t til y r , til his fri ds co clud d

1 0 THE LIFE OF MICHAEL ANGELO

t o on o e more affected than the one he sought c s l . His a e e ve e ceaseless activity and overwhelming f tigu d li r d him f a over without defence t o all the aberrati on s o min d n H e e o which was fil led with suspici o s . distrust d b th his 1 H e e a en fri ends an d his enemi es . distrust d his p r ts , an d a o e son e n a e his brothers , his d pt d , susp cti g th t th y ea were impati en tly waiting for his d th . 2 en the e e Everythi ng disqui eted him . Ev m mb rs Of his own family made a mockery of his etern al dis 3 e he e a he e in a a e of quietud . As hims lf s id , liv d st t ” 4 f e an o or a e of a ne . n o m l ch ly , r th r m d ss By di t much suffering he en ded by finding a sort of bitter pleasure I n pai n

E piu mi giova dove piu mi n uoce .

fled o own ou e n son h ad en fr m his h s , cryi g that his driv him

forth . 1 I n th e wee n e of a e e en a ena e t o s t ss p rf ct fri dship , m c °

ono and e o en hi d S on n e . to en h ur lif is ft ( t lxxiv his fri d , d el o wh o h ad a e o a e o n e Luigi Ricci , just s v d him fr m s ri us ill ss ,

S ee t h e fin e letter of justification which his faithful ’ o a o d e a a e w o h e h ad n e e T mm s C v li ri , h m u justly susp ct d t o on No e e 1 1 6 1 am o e an e a n him v mb r 5 , 5 I m r th c rt i a e n e e of en e ou ou ar e t oo n n e t o I h v v r f d d y , but y i cli d put trust in those whom y ou o ught t o believe t h e least 2 I live in a con tin u al state of distrust Pl ace o on en e in an o n e ee w e e en y ur c fid c y sl p ith your y s Op . 3 Letters of S eptember an d O ctober 1 5 1 5 t o his b r o Buon arroti : D O n ot laugh a t what I write y ou On e o no t t o o at an I n e a e n o ught m ck y o n e . thes d ys it do s ’ harm t o live in fear and disqui etud e for on e s so ul and body oo a t all e t o b e i e e It is g d tim s disqu t d . 1‘ H e en in e e a e : e an o a Oft , his l tt rs , c lls hims lf m l ch ly ” “ ” “ m ad , old an d m ad m ad an d w e cl sew , ick d . But a n een e oa e for o h e e en e h vi g b r pr ch d his f lly , d f ds hims lf a e e a n e e a e an n e ll g“s th t it v r h rm d y o but himself . 1? That which hurts m e most INTRODUCTION

— 1 Everything had become pain t o him even love and z e e v n virtue .

’ ” 3 L a mia al le ez e l a an n on a gr m i c i .

N0 being was ever less fitted for experiencing j oy an d e e for o was o o a one he b tt r fitted sorr w . It s rr w l which saw— o o s rrow al ne whi ch he felt in the immen se universe . The whole pessimism of the world is summed up in this sublimely unjust cry of despair

4 Mille piacer non v aglion u n tormen to

e o n ene a on a o His d v uri g rgy , s ys C divi , lm st en e e a a o all an o e tir ly s p r ted him fr m hum s ci ty . H H a an d was a H o e e oo a one e e e . e st d l . h t d h t d l v d H a a was not o n n e w s a e n d ea e . but l ved i retur . dmir d f r d In the end e n e a e o e e H e o n a e h i spir d r ligi us r sp ct . d mi t d en as n a a e a e H saw H e e . e his c tury . w th ssu g d littl m en o a o e an d e saw o e o fr m b v , th y him fr m b l w . But ne e was h t n in one Ne e he no e o e v r e wo me . v r did k w r p s and the happiness whi ch is accorded t o the humblest of e n — a of e n a e for one n e of hi s e t o a b i gs th t b i g bl , mi ut lif , f ll ’ a ee in the af e on of ano e o an o e was sl p f cti th r . A w m s l v e e one for a o en e e one in a r fus d him . Al , m m t , th r sh th t o a the o e a of the en of s lit ry sky c ld , pur st r fri dship

1 ‘ Ch e d egli amanti é m en felice stato ’ Quello ov e l gran d esir gran copi a affren a ’ ”

C u n a m iseria e an a en a . . , di sp r z pi

Th e n e of ea u e w e n e e e t o ful ss pl s r hich xti guish s d sir is , him wh f e o o e e an e w o o . l v s , l ss blissful th mis ry , hich is full h p Son n e ( t cix . , “ 2 E e n m e h e e en e a en w o . v rythi g s dd s , r t Ev virtu , on a o n of t oo o a on o e w e and o e e cc u t its sh rt dur ti , v r h lms ppr ss s ” o no e an e e my s ul l ss th vil its lf . 3 M el n ch l e . a o h at m o . o t is y j y (P ms , lxxxi ) 4 “ en A tho usand j oys are not as good as a sin gle torm t . oe (P ms , lxxxiv . ) 1 2 THE LIFE OF MICHAEL ANGELO

e e e a o n was the a Vittori a Colonn a . Ev rywh r r u d bl ck

a e e the o n e eo of ness of night , tr v rs d by gl wi g m t rs his e e thought : his desire an d deliri ous dreams . N v r did a The ea on ha Beethoven know such a night as th t . r s is t t ’ ee o en this night was in Michael Angelo s very heart . B th v

a e all n n e flee was provoked fear in men and m d i sti ctiv ly , part an d parcel of his being . n The on e n ot in e n But this was nothi g . ill c sist d b i g a one e in e n Un a e t o alone but in being l with hims lf , b i g bl e in n ot e n a e of e in live with hims lf , b i g m st r hims lf ,

n o a n an d e o n hi e . en disowni g , c mb ti g d str yi g ms lf His g ius a eo e was coupled with a soul which betr yed it . P pl sometimes speak of the fatality which relen tlessly followed in his footsteps and preven ted him carrying ou t The o a a was e . any of hi s great pr j ects. This f t lity hims lf e e of o ne a e a n t he o e s cr t his misf rtu s , th t which xpl i s wh l tr agedy of his life (an d this is what people have least seen or ea a e t o see was a of - o e an d l st d r d ) , his l ck will p w r wea ne of a a k ss ch r cter . He was e o e in ar t in o in all a on irr s lut , p litics , his cti s and in all o e een t wo o two his th ughts . B tw w rks , o e or two n e of on h as n e a e pr j cts , li s c duct e w ev r bl t o oo e Th . e o t e on n t o h e . ch s hist ry Of m um t Julius II , the a a e S an o en o an d the t o b s of t he e f c d Of L r z , m M dici oo H . e e an an d e an a a n n e e is pr f Of this b g b g g i , but v r ea e the en r ch d d . H e had barely made his choice than he e an t o o a o b g d ubt b ut it . At th e en d Of his life he com let ed n o n e e n e has een p thi g v rythi g disgust d him . It b a e e a a e e o e on im an d the ll g d th t his t sks w r imp s d up h , responsibility of this perpetual wavering between on e proj ect and another has been laid on the Shoulders Of his a e m st rs . People forget that his masters had no mean s TOM B OF GI UL I ANO D E ’ M ED I CI

I n t h e M edici Ch a e a L p l , S n oren z o F l or en ce ,

INTRODUCTION 1 3 of imposing them upon him had he decided t o refuse he a e n ot them . But d r . s a H e was ea in all a : o He wa we k . w k w ys thr ugh n o H e was ea o con virtue a d thr ugh timidity . w k thr ugh en e H e o en e e a o an e sci c . t rm t d hims lf with th us d scrupl s a o e ene e n a e o l a e e e e which m r rg tic tur w u d h v r j ct d . Through an exaggerated s en se of responsibility he felt himself obliged t o un dertake medi ocre tasks which 1 an o a e on e e e H e ne n e e any forem c uld h v d b tt r . k w ith r ? how t o keep his engagemen ts n or t o forget them as ea o en e an o a The H e w w k thr ugh prud c d thr ugh fe r . “ an o a e the e e il terri m wh m Julius II . c ll d t rribl — — blle Vasari styles as pruden t t oo pruden t and ” 3 he who ene e e o e en the o e had a fright d v ryb dy , v P p s , of e e one H was a An d a e n e . fe r v ry . we k with pri c s et who e e o e an he o e who e e ea y , d spis d m r th did th s w r w k ” w n e the a - on e n e as he ith pri c s p ck d k ys Of pri c s , 4 a e e ? H e e t o flee o the o e he c ll d th m wish d fr m P p s , but 5 e a ne and o e e H e o e a e n n e e r m i d b y d . t l r t d i sulti g l tt rs 6 o a e and e e t o e e fr m his m st rs , r pli d th m humbly . At tim s 1 S ee th e years which h e sp en t in t h e S eravez za qu arri es for t h e a a e f en f c d o S an Lor zo . 2 As in th e case of t h e statu e of Christ for t h e Church o f S f h a . a a S o a n e a th e o e or w h e ad e e M ri pr Mi rv , rd r hich cc pt d in 1 1 and w h e en e was not et e n in 1 1 5 4 hich lam t d y b gu 5 8 . I am n w h e f e n a e dyi g ith S hame I have t air o b i g thi f . in t h e a e a o t h e o o n a e in S en n a for As c s , ls , Of Picc l mi i Ch p l , i , w in 1 0 1 h e h ad n e a on a a n a h e hich , 5 , sig d c tr ct stipul ti g th t wo e w ee ea I n 1 ea e o k i n . 1 6 uld d liv r his r thr y rs 5 , sixty y rs a e h e was en n e for not a n e l t r , still torm ti g hims lf h vi g k pt his en a e en g g m t . 3 ’ Fact e paura a o gnu no I n sino a papi S ebastiano d el o o w t o e o on O o e 2 1 20 . Pi mb r t him ct b r 7 , 5 4 on e a on w a a C v rs ti ith V s ri . 5 in a and 1 w en h e w e t o flee r o . As 5 34 , h ish d f m P ul III en e d d by allowin g himself t o b e chain ed t o his task . 3 ’ S uch as t h e hu miliati ng letter from Cardi nal J uli u s d e L 1 4 THE LIFE OF MICHAEL ANGE O

o he a a a e he revolted and spoke up pr udly , but lw ys g v o t o the da of ea he e , way . Up y his d th disput d with ut wh o— on a e en . strength for struggli ng . Cl m t VII , c tr ry — as of all the Po e the one who t o current opinion w , p s , o a ne ea ne showed most kin dness t w rds him , k w his w k ss 1 an d pitied him . of ni H e I n love he was wanting in all sen se dig ty . humili ated himself in the presence of rogues such as ? Febo di Poggi o H e treated an amiable but medi ocre ’ person like Tommaso de Cavalieri as a powerful ” 3 genius .

o e at an a e a e e e ea n e e o n . L v , y r t , m k s th s w k ss s t uchi g — But they are nothing less than sadly pain ful one dare — e ea H e not say shameful when they are inspir d by f r . was e e o e t o e en e o an d s iz d , fr m tim tim , with sudd t rr rs , o en a e ea flee o one end of a t o w uld th , tr ck d by f r , fr m It ly o e I he fled o the . n 1 e e a on th r 494, t rrifi d by visi , fr m n H fl a a 1 o n e o e e . e ed n in 2 en e Fl r c g i 5 9 wh Fl r c , with the e en e of H e he was a e was e e e . d f c which ch rg d , b si g d went as far as Venice an d was on the poin t of escapin g t o an a Fr ce . L ter he became ashamed of this mistake and

ed th e e e en on e ua 2 1 1 8 in w M ici ( futur Cl m t F br ry , 5 , hich h e expresses t h e suspicion that Michael An gelo h as been bribed t h e Car rar ais by . Michael An gelo bends t h e kn ee an d repli es ” a t h e o n n i h e n t wo h e a e for t o ea e . th t ly thi g rld c r s is pl s , him 1 S ee his l etters and those which h e h ad wr itten by S ebasti ano d el o o a e th e a n of o en e H e n e a e Pi mb ft r t ki g Fl r c . i quir s ft r his ea an d o e I h lth tr ubl s . n 1 5 31 h e published a bri ef t o d efen d h i m a a n th e o n e f n e g i st imp rtu iti s o those who abused his kin d ss . 2 ’ o a e ae n e o e e e t o e o e e e C mp r Mich l A g l s humbl l tt r F b , Of D c mb r 1 t F ’ , o eb o s e n and a 5 33 b ggi g vulg r r eply of J an uary 1 5 34 . 3 If I do not possess t h e ar t o f n avigatin g on t h e sea of ou owe l en ou wi e e and n ot e e m e y r p rfu g ius , y ll xcus d spis , e a e ann o o a e e t o ou H e wh o n u e b c us I c t c mp r mys lf y . is u iq in e ” v er thin can a e no e a e o a o y g h v qu l . (Michael An g lo t o T mm s ’ d e avali eri anua 1 C , J ry ,

1 6 THE LIFE OF MICHAEL ANGELO

o e he o on at ea a e a e suffer the m r . If c uld ly , l st , h v dr gg d a o en H himself from acti on But that w s f rbidd him . e was e e a H e a e . n could n ot do without acting . ct d It c ss ry — ct H e a e a e was he a e on for him t o a . ct d R th r ct d up , a e one of the a ne o of an e carried aw y , lik d m d s uls D t , by o a o the cyclone of his vi olent an d con tradict ry p ssi ns . H ow he must have suffered

Oilm e Oilm e e e an o , , pur r it r d ’ VO 1 m io passato tempo e n on r it r u OVO i ” 1 I n tucto u m giorno ch e sie stato m o .

He addressed despairing appeals t o God

i D iO D iO ! O D O , O , O ’ 2 m e o e ch e o io P Chi piu di p t ssi , p ss

The reason why he craved for death was that o n an en t o a en n a e it w uld bri g d his m dd i g sl v ry . what en vy he spoke of those who were dead Y ou no longer feel the fear Of a chan ge of bein desire The course of the hours lays n ot hands upon you ; necessity an d chan ce guide n ot ” 3 e can a l e o en st ps I h rd y writ with ut vy . To die To b e n o longer NO l on ger t o b e oneself TO break away from the tyranny of things To escape from the hallucination of on eself

1 “ Woe is m e ! Woe is m e ! I n all my past I fin d not a n e da w can a wn e ro a o ! o . si gl y hich I c ll my (P ms , xlix P b bly written about 2 O Go d oh Go d oh Go d 1 Who can do o e h , , m r m e an e P th oe . e ween 1 0 and 1 1 Imys lf (P ms , vi B t 5 4 5

’ Ne t em or can iar a me o a piu g vit v gli , Che quasi sen za in vidia non l o scrivo ’ L oro distin te a v oi n on fan no forza Caso O n ecessita non vi con duce e o . On t h e ea of his a e 1 (P ms , lviii d th f th r , 5 3 INTRODUCTION 1 7

Ah ! grant ; Oh ! gran t that I no longer return t o ” 1 myself . I can hear that tragic cry issuing from the s orrowful face whose an xi ous eyes still look at us in the Museum of ? the Capitol was of e a e oa - ou e e on H e m dium st tur , br d sh ld r d , str gly wo h and a . o e o e e built muscul r His b dy d f rm d by rk , a e ea o o e out a an d r o walked with r is d h d , h ll w d b ck p S o o s in a o a truding stomach . d we ee him p rtr it by — Francis of H ollan d a portrait in which he is represen ted in o e an d e e in a k a o an oa upright , pr fil dr ss d bl c R m cl k o e o e a e e of f on ea an d on v r his sh uld rs , pi c stuf his h d , , 3 a H e the t o e e o n a a e e hat . p Of it , w ll pull d d w , l rg bl ck f lt had a o n S a a e o e ea o en o e the r u d kull , squ r f r h d , sw ll v r a n e n a was a n o e e nd e . y s li d with wri kl s His h ir bl ck , by 4 an a s d ean e e e d e e . a m s thick , dish v ll d b curl d His sm ll , , e e e e o n - o o e a a e an d e e y s w r h r c l ur d , v ri bl , sp ckl d and e a no e a blu . His big , str ight s , with in the e had een o en a o o middl , b br k by bl w fr m ’ 5 iani s fis t H e ha e n o th n o . d de p li es fr m e strils to th o n e th o a a e e . w s e e c r rs Of lips His m uth d lic t , with

1 “ ’ D e a e C a m e e o non o n . oe x . f t , st ss piu t r i (P ms , c xxv On t h e ea of a e d th his f th r , 2 Th e description which follows is i n spired by various portra its ae n e o e e a a a e o en at t h e Of Mich l A g l , sp ci lly by th t Of M rc ll V usti ’ a o an of o an en a n w a e o C pit l , by Fr cis H ll d s gr vi g , hich d t s fr m 1 8- 1 an d a of o B on ason i w of 1 6 5 3 5 39 , by th t Guili , hich is 5 4 ’ U se h as a o een a e of Condi i H ls b m d v s accoun t of 1 5 5 3. is e an d en an e o da o e a and e an n on o discipl fri d , D i ll V lt rr , his s rv t , A t i del an e e a e e e a f o a e ea . Fr z s , m d s v r l busts him ft r his d th 3 di d o e who o en e of n in 1 6 w en Thus th s p d his c fi 5 4 , h his o was o o o e to o en e fin d . H e b dy br ught fr m R m Fl r c , still him a ea e t o b e a ee w e h at n ea an d pp r d sl p , ith his f lt o his h d his u e oo on hi s e sp rr d b ts f et . 4 ’ on . en S o r a e e en a e C divi V usti p rt it r pr s ts them as f irly larg . 5 o 1 0—1 2 Ab ut 49 49 . 1 8 THE LIFE OF MICHAEL ANGELO

n an e-whi the lower lip Slightly protrudi g . Sc ty sid a n o en a n e h eard o e and a somewh t thi , cl v , f u lik , s m e on en a e hi s o o ee and or fiv e inch s l g , fr m d h ll w ch ks - protruding cheek b ones . S adn ess and indecision domi nated in the ensemble Of o was n ee a a e of the da hi s physiogn my . It i d d f c ys — an o a e on e o . Tasso an xi us f c , c sum d by d ubts a e for o a s on poignant eyes inspired and c ll d c mp s i . L et o Do not let us b e sparing with it . us h ld t o him the love t o which he aspired the whole of his He e e en e the ea an d which was refused him . xp ri c d gr t o th l ot of m an H e misfortunes which can fall e . n e H e saw a el e e his country i bon dag . It ly d iv r d a a a H e saw centuries into the han ds of b rb ri ns . a of e H e saw o e o he o e de th lib rty . th s wh m l v d dis on a t o One a e t he o e he saw e fter he ther . ft r th r n a e of ar t a a a lumi ri s p ss w y . The a of e all he e a ne a one in the a l st th m , r m i d l g n An d on t . he e o of ea en he ight , thr sh ld d th , wh e n him he had not e en the on o a on of b hi d , v c s l ti a he had a o e e e n he o th t cc mplish d v rythi g ught , n he a e on li e ee e t o hi thi g might h v d e. His f s m d a e een a e a o — h v b w st d . It h d been without j y in 1 In a n he had a e t o t f r t v i s crific d it he idol o a . The preternatural work t o which he had been ’ e me n n ne ea of i e o a a r e d m d duri g i ty y rs l f , with ut d y s or a da of ea e had n ot e y r l lif , ven served for ou t a n e one his ea o e Not on Of si gl Of gr t pr j cts . e - great works those which he held most dear -was com

’ ‘ L afiect uosa an a a f t si , ’ ’ Che l a e e e o e on a a rt mi f c id l m rc , oe an . e ween 1 d (P ms , cxlvii B t 5 5 5 a one u on wh ma e m e a e art n to an Imp ssi d ill si , ich d m k i ” and a m na o rch . INTRODUCTION 1 9

1 The on of a e o a ne a hi o pleted . ir y f t rd i d th t t s sculpt r on ee in o e n his a n n should ly succ d c mpl ti g p i ti gs , which a e e on wer e executed against hi s re l d sir . Am g his big e a n had a e na e o e so an und rt ki gs , which lt r t ly pr duc d m y o o e an d en a f e n o e— as the pr ud h p s m t l su f ri gs , s m such li — e e Cartoon of Pisa an d the bron ze statue Of Ju us II . w r — destroyed during hi s lifetime ; whilst others such as f an t he e a e the maus oleum o Julius II . d M dici Ch p l o a a a of o pite usly f iled c ric tures his th ught . In the Commen tari es of the sculptor Ghiberti there e a e the o of a oo e an o in t he is r l t d st ry p r G rm g ldsmith , e e of the e of n o who was the e a of the s rvic Duk A j u , qu l o of n en ee e and who at the en d of sculpt rs A ci t Gr c , , his a saw all the o t o i he had e o e e d ys , w rk wh ch d v t d his lif o e e n sa a all s a o had een destr y d . H the w th t hi l b ur b in ai n an d o n e on n ee he e : v , , thr wi g hims lf his k s , cri d o a e of ea en and ea o who a e O L rd , M st r h v rth , Th u m k st all hi n a o m e n o on e t o a a e an d o o t gs , ll w l g r str y fi ld f ll w o e an e a e on m e An d e th r th Th e . H v pity imm a e he a e all he o e e t o the oo e e t o a di t ly g v p ss ss d p r , r tir d hermitage an d di ed e the oo e an o ae n e o a n Lik p r G rm g ldsmith , Mich l A g l , h vi g ea e the en d of e e on e a e hi s r ch d his lif , bitt rly c t mpl t d e e e o n o e e e o e and unaccom us l ss ff rts , his u c mpl t d , d str y d lished o p w rks . en he a a e The e of the ena an e Th , bdic t d . prid R iss c , the magnificen t pride of t he free and sovereign soul of the “ n e e oo e e in a ne o e u iv rs t k r fug with him th t divi l v which , ” in e e n o en th o a on e . r c ivi g us , p s its rms up Cr ss

1 H e a e e to ot a a n e . od a c ll d hims lf a sculp r , n p i t r T y . he wr o e on a 1 0 I 08 ae n e o u o e an t M rch , 5 , I , Mich l A g l , sc lpt r , b g the paintin g of t h e Chapel This is not my pro ” fession h e w o e a a e a n , r t ye r later I am us lessly w sti g

e . anua 2 H e ne e a e on n . my tim (J ry 7 , v r v ri d this poi t 20 THE LIFE OF MICHAEL ANGELO

’ Volta a quell amor divino ’ ’ ” 1 l e a C aperse a prender noi n croce bracci .

The fruitful cry of the Ode t o Joy wasnot u tt ere Until his last breath it was an Ode t o S orrow and t The on e was o a e . e e De th which d livers c qu st c mpl t . ’ was one of the o on e o We wh Such w rld s c qu r rs . enj oy the works of his genius do so in the same manner as we enj oy the con quests of our an cestors : we make e on n of the oo e a e o r ck i g bl d which th y h v c st .

Non vi si pensa ” an o an e a 2 Qu t s gu cost .

My desire has been t o display this blood t o the eyes of al l t o a e a o e our ea the red an a of o , w v b v h ds st d rd her es .

1 l oe cx v n . P ms , 2 an e L : a na o e a . a a e D t Divi C mm di (P r dis xxix . P A R T I

T H E S T R U G G L E

24 THE LIFE OF MICHAEL ANGELO

- H e was put t o nurse with the wife of a marble worker he o n a e o a on nano . a e of Settig L t r , j ki gly ttribut d his v c ti ’ - t o o e o e . en o as a sculptor t o his fost r m th r s milk S t sch l , a n For he spent nearly the whole Of his time dr wi g . this reason he was regarded with displeasure an d Often ’ a e an d a h e o e cruelly struck by his f th r his f t r s br th r , who had a hatred for the artistic professi on an d con ” 1 in th a sidered it a scan dal t o have an artist e f mily . a he a e t o n o the a Thus , whilst still child , c m k w brut lity n of life an d the solitude of the mi d . of a e the His obstinacy prevailed Over that his f th r . At age of thirteen he became an apprentice in the bottega — of Domenico Ghirlandaj o the greatest an d healthi est of n a n e ea wo e e so e Florenti e p i t rs . His rly rks w r succ ssful ? a the a e a was ea o of th t m st r , it is s id , j l us his pupil At a the end of a year they separ ted . H e oo a e t o a n n an d a n t o a o e t k dislik p i ti g , , spiri g m r ' e o ar t en e e the oo of e o en o h r ic , t r d sch l sculptur which L r z ’ ? a n a de Medici had established in the g rde s Of St . M rk The n e n e e e hi e in l o e in hi s pri c i t r st d ms lf him , dg d him ’ palace and admitted him t o his son s tabl e ; an d thus the child found himself at the very heart of the Itali an ena an e in the of an en o e on in t he R iss c , midst ci t c ll cti s , poetic an d erudite atmosphere of those great Platonists Marsile no B n tian o H e e ivieni and n e o Poli . Fici , , A g l e a e en a e an n In o e b c m r ptur d with their underst di g . rd r t o live in the ancient world he cultivated an an cien t soul an d e a e a ee Politi n o o . e a b c m Gr k sculpt r Guid d by , ” who o e ea he a e a a o- e e o in l v d him gr tly , c rv d b ss r li v 1 on C divi . 2 t o e f t o e e e a S O owe n Truth t ll , it is di ficult b li v th t p rful a a wo a e een ea o ll e en do n ot e . a e e rtist uld h v b j l us At v ts , I b li v ’ a was th e a e ae n e o e o e a e th t this c us Of Mich l A g l s pr cipit us d p rtur . H e e e e n old a e th e e e of a e pr s rv d , u til his g , r sp ct his first m st r . 3 The oo was e e f e o o a o on a e o . sch l dir ct d by B rt ld , pupil D t ll

STRENGTH 25 marble representing the battle of Hercules with the 1 Centaurs . a o an l ow- e e in a a e en This rr g t r li f , which imp ss bl str gth and ea e n e e e e the a e o of b uty r ig supr m , r fl cts thl tic s ul the youn g Hercules an d his fierce games with ln s rough an on comp i s . ae n e o a o an e o en o e Mich l A g l , cc mp i d by L r z di Cr di , a n Gr an acci an d o an o dei o an a o Bugi rdi i , T rrigi T rrigi i , ls ’ went t o t he church of the Carmelites t o copy Masaccio s < o H e was not a n the a e e fresc es . sp ri g with r ill ri s which o o One a he addressed t his less skilful c mrades . d y he a a e the a n or an e e on o an a e tt ck d v i T rigi i , wh r up T rrigi i g v o on a w a e he him a crushing bl w t he f ce ith his fist . L t r oa e the a t o en en o e n in the o o n b st d Of f ct B v ut C lli i , f ll wi g words : I gave him so vi olen t a blow up on the nose with my fist that I felt the b on e an d cartilage yi eld un der m an as e had een a e of a e an d the a y h d if th y b m d p st , m rk ” 2 en a e he a t o a e I th g v him will c rry his gr v . ’ B ut paganism had n ot stifled Michael An gelo s Christi an a The t wo o o o o e e e . f ith . h stil w rlds disput d v r his s ul In 1 0 a on a o a e an a one e on 49 , S v r l b g his imp ssi d s rm s on the o a e H e was - e en ea of a e Ap c lyps . thirty s v y rs g . M ae n e o was e n The o n a saw the ich l A g l fift e . y u g rtist a a ea e who was on e the of sm ll , fr il pr ch r , c sum d by Spirit God and the e e o e e n e o on , t rribl v ic which hurl d thu d rb lts the Pope from the pulpit in t he Duomo an d suspen ded the oo o God o a o e hi e o bl dy sw rd Of ver It ly fr z m with t rr r . o en e e eo e a t ee Fl r c tr mbled . P pl rushed b out he str ts 1 The Battle of Hercul es with t h e Cen taurs is at th e Cas a ona o in n e on n t h e a e e o ar e Bu rr ti Flore ce . B l gi g t o s m p ri d ” two o e wo : Th e a a a n a n w th r rks M sk Of L ughi g F u , hich ’ ’ o ae n e o o en o de e en an d t h e br ught Mich l A g l L r z M dici s fri dship , ” a onn a of th e S a a e ano e l ow- e e of t h e a a M d t irc s , th r r li f C s ona o Bu rr ti . 2 n en e This i cid t occurr d about 1 49 1 . A 26 THE LIFE OF MICHAEL NGELO

n Th e en e e . e weeping an d shouting like d m t d b i gs — Ruccellais t he S al viatis the wealthi est citizen s the , , — an d t he o e an e t o en e n o Albiz z is, Str zzis d m d d t r i t hi o o e n i n ea ne m en an d , P Orders . L r d p l s ph rs i clud g ic ? a d Politian o e e e a i a e de la Miran dole n , th ms lv s bd c t d ’ Michael An gelo s elde r brother Leonardo became a ? Domi ni can a e on a i o e o Michael Angelo did not esc p this c t g us t rr r . When he whom t he prophet had ann oun ced approached — the o of God the e e o e the new Cyrus , sw rd , littl d f rm d K n of an e—he was an on e a e V . m st r , Ch rl s III , i g Fr c p ic

r ea e n Off a an e . stricken . A d m thr w his mi d its b l c en Ga e e a oe an d an saw One of his fri ds , rdi r , p t musici , , ’ 3 t he S a e of o en o de e i one night , h d L r z M d ci , with his - n a a a e e o e The half naked body wrapped i bl ck t tt r d r b . dead m an comman ded him t o tell his son Piero that shortly he would b e driven from his house n ever again ae n e o t o o Car di ere on e the t o return . Mich l A g l , wh m c fid d o of on e o e t o e a e e e n t o st ry his visi , xh rt d him r l t v rythi g n e the oe who was ene e o the pri c but p t , fright d Of Pi r ,

1 wa in P l i ian e e e e o a e 1 . o t o e Th y di d sh rtly ft r rds , 49 4 r qu st d as a n an a th e of S a t o b e buried Domi ic t Church t . M rk ’ en a ie d e l Mir n l e S avonarola s church . Wh bout t o d Pic a a do e e f n n put on t h dr ss o a Domi ica . 2 I n 1 1 49 . 3 ’ o en o de e h ad e on 8 1 2 and was L r z M dici di d April , 49 , ee e son e o ae n e o en e t h e a a e succ d d by his , Pi r . Mich l A g l th l ft p l c ’ an d e u n e t o a e w e e h e e a ne for o e r t r d his f th r s , h r r m i d s m

w o e o en . a n n o e e a a n ith ut mpl ym t T ki g him i t his s rvic g i , P a e w th e a e f a e n n a ch rg d him ith purch s o c m os a d i t glios . ne e e of wo was a o o a e e in a e wh xt pi c rk c l ss l H rcul s m rbl , a e e n at t h e S o a a e was a e in 1 2 ft r b i g tr zzi P l c , purch s d 5 9

an . and a e at on a ne ea w e e in t h e Fr cis I pl c d F t i bl u , h r , en a T ea e . h e d e o t h e c tury , it dis pp r d Crucifix B is Of of S an S o in t he a n of w i ae n e o pirit , m ki g hich M ch l A g l anatomy on d ead bodies t o such an extent that h e fell il a o e on t o e ls b l gs this p riod . STRENGTH 27

ot On one of the o o n o n n he a a n dare n . f ll wi g m r i gs g i ou t ae n e o and of e o o a sought Mich l A g l , full t rr r , t ld him th t ha on o e a ea e t o H e was Lorenzo d ce m r pp r d him . a n the a e o e an d as Car diere who was we ri g s m c stum , , n o n oo e at in en e the an o had lyi g d w , l k d him sil c , ph t m o e ea as a n en for n ot a o e e b x d his rs , pu ishm t h ving b y d m ae n e o en a e o e en and hi . Mich l A g l th w rmly r pr v d his fri d e e e an d en t o set off on oo t o the a forc d him , th r th , f t vill t of the e a a a e n ea o en e . en M dici f mily , C r ggi , r Fl r c Wh a wa on o ne Ga e e m et P e o o e h lf y his j ur y rdi r i r , st pp d him a hi s o e o n o a e an d had and rel ted st ry . Pi r burst i t l ught r ’ a o his a en an The n an him bel b ured by tt d ts . pri ce s ch cellor en a a t o : Y ou are out of o , Bibbi , s id him y ur n o do ou hi n o en o o e e son mi d . Wh m y t k L r z l v s b st , his or ou P son o he ot a e a e a ea e y If his , w uld n r th r h v pp r d t o an t o an o e e on had een n e e a him th y th r p rs , if it b c ss ry t o a ea at all ? Car diere a e and of e at pp r , l sh d sc f d , e ne t o o en e n o e ae n e o of the r tur d Fl r c , i f rm d Mich l A g l a e of o ne and S O on n e on t he f ilur his j ur y , c vi c d him subj ect of the misfortunes which were going t o overtake ? o en e a t wo a a e t he o fled Fl r c th t , d ys l t r , sculpt r This was t he first attack of those superstiti ous terrors which occurred more than once in the course of his life and o e e a a e he b e of e e which , h w v r sh m d might th m , thr w n o on e na on him i t c st r ti .

He fle as far as en e d V ic . Hardl y had he left the fiery atmosphere of Floren ce

1 ’ on n l a in e . ae e o o ce O o 1 C divi Mich l A g l s flight to k p ct b r 49 4 . A ’ on a e e o d e e fled in n e o e a n of th e m th l t r Pi r M dici his tur , b f r risi g eo e an d a o a o e n en was e a e in o en e p pl , p pul r g v r m t st blish d Fl r c , w th e o of S a ona o a who o e e a th e ith supp rt v r l , pr ph si d th t city wo a t h e e o o h e o e uld c rry R public thr ugh ut t w rld . This R public e o n e owe e a n — e r c g is d , h v r , ki g J sus Christ . 28 THE LIFE OF MICHAEL ANGELO

e rn n t o than his excessive excitement subsided . R tu i g 1 e e he en t he n e he en e o o Bologna , wh r sp t wi t r , tir ly f rg t The ea of the o t he prophet an d his prophecies . b uty w rld H ea e a a a en on . e on ce more claimed his tt ti r d P tr rc , n e In the n 1 n the Boccacci o an d Da t . spri g Of 495 , duri g o él es an d the e e e a Shrovetide religi us f , fi rc struggl Of riv l h e was n ow S O a e he e ne t o o en e . p rti s , r tur d Fl r c But detached from t he passi on s which raged aroun d him .

a as a o of e t o the an a of t he o o e th t , s rt r ply f ticism f ll w rs ” f a ona o a he a e o ee n o S v r l , c rv d his fam us Sl pi g Cupid , m oo for an an e H e which his contemporaries ist k tiqu . e a ne o e e a few on in o en e he r m i d , h w v r , but m ths Fl r c ; n t o o e an d n the ea of a ona o he was we t R m , u til d th S v r la

f ~ r tist s H e o e a a an o a an o a . the m st p g pr duc d B cchus , on and the a e the e ea a on Ad is , l rg Cupid v ry y r Of S v ’ a o a on e of an e — oo o n a en and r l s B fir V iti s b ks , r m ts 3 o of ar o e the on eona o w rks His br th r , m k L rd , as n for s a in th o w b ei g prosecuted hi f ith e pr phet . ’ an e was an n o e a ona o a ea D g r h gi g v r S v r l s h d . But Michael An gelo did not return t o Floren ce t o defen d 3

. a ona o a was n ae n e o e a n e him S v r l bur t , but Mich l A g l r m i d en Not a n sil t . trace Of this event is t o b e foun d i an of e e y his l tt rs .

1 H e was t h e e of th e n o e an o an n an e o gu st bl m , Gi v i Fr c sc Aldov r andi wh o on t h e o a on of e a n o e w h e , cc si c rt i tr ubl s hich h ad w t h e o i e of o n a a an e H e was o e t o a . ith p l c B l g , c m his ssist c then workin g on th e statue of S an Petron io an d a statuette of an an e for t h e a e na e an o en o B ut g l t b r cl (Ar ea Of S m ic . . ) D e e wo ar e in n o wa r eli i o an th s rks y g on s in their character . Arr g t en e a e in wo k str gth still pr v il d his r . 2 ae n e o a e in o e in n e Th e a Mich l A g l rriv d R m Ju 1 49 6 . B cchus ” “ u n t h e n , on B a el o e an d Dr k Dyi g Ad is ( rg l Mus um) , S o K en n on ar e H e a o ee Cupid ( uth si gt ) Of 1 49 7 . ls s ms ’ a e awn at h v dr this time th e cart oon ffor éga S tigmatisation S t . an for t h e of S an e in n o o Fr cis Church Pi tro Mo t ri . 3 Ma 2 1 8 y 3, 49 .

STRENGTH 29

ae n e o e a n e en b Ut he o e L a Mich l A g l r m i d sil t , pr duc d a ” 1 Piet . — — On the kn ees of the Virgin immortally young the The of ea n an d ee a ee . e e d d Christ is lyi g , s ms sl p s v rity Olympus hovers on the features of the pure goddess an d of the God of a a an n e a e e an o C lv ry . But i d scrib bl m l ch ly n e an en e o e e ea o e is mi gl d with it d v l ps th s b utiful b di s . ’ a ne a a n o o of ae n e o o S d ss h d t ke p ssessi n Mich l A g l s s ul .

It was not merely the sight Of wretchedness an d crime ha o a oo m ann a o e which d thr wn gl m over hi . A tyr ic l f rc ha a n o n a n t o s t e d t ke p ssessi o Of him an d w s ever e him fre . He was a prey t o that gen ial passion which was t o stifle him n t he a ea o a n an u til d y Of his d th . With ut h vi g y on as e a the o he had wo n t o on e illusi s r g rds vict ry , s r c qu r for the a a of n s ke Of his own glory an d th t his ki dred . The whole weight Of hi s heavy family rested on his o a fo e one . H e was e an r one sh uld rs l b eset with d m ds m y . one was n one t oo en e e t o e e o n e M y pl tiful , but v r r fus w u d d his pride : he would have sold himself in order t o s en d a the e e an e A ea hi s ea his f mily sums th y d m d d . lr dy h lth

1 It h as always been stated up t o th e presen t that L a Pieta was e e e for th e en a n a ean d e Grosl a e d e e x cut d Fr ch C rdi l , J y Villi rs , f o o f a . an S t . en an d a a o o e d a Abb t D is Amb ss d r Ch rl s VIII , th t he ordered it Of Mich ael An gelo for th e Chapel Of t h e K i n gs of ’ an e a S e f t t . e . on a o 2 Fr c P t r s (C tr ct August 7 , But ’ . a e S a a an in a wo o n L a a on d Arm a n ac M Ch rl s m r , rk M is g e ” au K V S e e h as o e a t h e en a n a wh o com i cl , pr v d th t Fr ch c rdi l e one th e wo was ean d e e e o of e an missi d rk J Bilh r s , Abb t P ss , o of o e an d S t en ae n o of . . e o Bish p L mb z , Abb t D is Mich l A g l wo e on n rk d it u til 1 5 0 1 . on e a on e ween ae n e o and on ex a n A c v rs ti b t Mich l A g l C divi pl i s , a o C a o t h e o o f th e by th ught full Of hiv lr us mysticism , y uth n so fe en o th e e an d e a e o o Virgi , dif r t fr m rud blight d M t r D l rosa , on e o ow of ona e o S no e an e n a c vuls d by s rr , D t ll , ig r lli , M t g , and o ce B tti lli . 30 THE LIFE OF MICHAEL ANGELO

a e . oo oo o a had begu n t o deteri or t P r f d , c ld , d mp H e f e e in overwork had begun t o ruin him . su f r d his ? head an d had a swollen side His father reproached him for the manner in which he lived he di d n ot menti on that he was resp on sible for it . “ a e en e All the hardships which I h v dur d , I for ou w o e ae n e o t o hi m I endured y , r t Mich l A g l a e all of e a e f e e o All my c r s , th m , I h v su f r d thr ugh ” 3 u my love for yo .

I n the spring of 1 5 01 he returned t o Florence . o ea e o e a an o of a e had F rty y rs b f r , gig tic bl ck m rbl been en trusted by the Opera del Duomo t o Agostin o di of a The o Ducci o t o make the figure prophet . w rk — hardl y commen ced h ad been i nterrupted an d n o on e dare 4 on n ae n e o oo in an an d an c ti ue it . Mich l A g l t k it h d tr s h - n a o a of a formed t e ill shapen block i to col ss l statue D vid . e a e a the on a on e e e S oderini on I P , t is r l t d th t g f l i r i r s o n t o see a e i he had o e e o c mi g this st tu , wh ch rd r d fr m ae n e o a e e a few a e a t o Mich l A g l , ddr ss d critic l r m rks him , in order t o S how his taste he preten ded t o discover the n o e was a e t oo a on s littl l rge . Whereup Mi o n e the a o n oo a C e an d a m u t d sc ff ldi g , Ut k his l d an d li htl o n the e ust , , whilst g y m vi g chis l , t o a e oo oo dust f ll , littl by little . But he t k very g d n ot t o o the n o e and e as was en ni t uch s l ft it it . Th , tur o a the on a on e e he a t w rds g f l i r , s id

1 e t e o a e e e e L , 1 1 00. t r fr m his f th r D c mb r 9 , 5 2 e e t o a e S n 1 0 . L tt r his f th r , pri g 5 9 3 e e t o a e 1 2 1 L tt r his f th r , 5 . 4 I n 1 0 1 August 5 . A few mon ths earlier h e h ad sign ed wi Cardin al Fran cesco Piccolomin i a contract (which h e ‘ carried ou t) for t h e decoration Of th e Piccolomi n i altar a ed a o f S en n T C th r l i a . h e breakin g Of this engagemen t e o e n the w o e of him r m rs duri g h l his life . D AVI D

adem of F i n e r t s F r Ac y A , lo en ce

STRENGTH w Look no . ” S oderini ea e m e e e ow e e . N , r pli d , it pl s s much b tt r ” n You have give it life . ? a n e o en e en e a hi n en Mich el A g l th d sc d d , l ug g sil tly ’ We can imagine we can read t he sculptor s silent o e e en o en contempt in this w rk . It r pr s ts tumultu us str gth as e e o en a n and at rest . It is , it w r , sw ll with disd i o o e e n the a of a melanch ly . It is sm th r d withi w lls e e the o en air the i on the museum . It r quir s p , l ght ” ? a e as ae An e o on e squ r , Mich l g l c put it n an a 2 1 0 a o ee of a n n O J u ry 5 , 5 4, c mmitt rtists , i cludi g no o e e no an d eona o da Filippi Lippi , B ttic lli , P rugi L rd in e e a e o e the e on of the e for t he V ci , d lib r t d v r qu sti sit ” a the e e of ae n e o e e e D vid . At r qu st Mich l A g l th y d cid d ? to place it in fron t of the Palazzo Vecchi o The removal of the enormous block was en trusted t o t he archi tects of the a a On the e en n of Ma 1 the a e C thedr l . v i g y 4 m rbl colossus was brought out from the wooden construction e e was e a a a o e a oo e n e o e wh r it k pt , w ll b v d r b i g d m lish d in o n so n t he n the o a e a e e d i g . Duri g ight p pul c tt mpt d to shatter it with stones and it had t o b e stron gly a e o the a e- en e in an gu rd d . Sl wly huge st tu susp d d

1 a ar V s i . ’ 2 on e o e so o e a ae n e o D t giv y urs lf much tr ubl , s id Mich l A g l

to a o s who was t ri v n t o a an e t h e in o sculpt r s i g rr g light his studi , in o e a wo a ea t o a an a e t h e ea rd r th t his rk might pp r dv t g , gr t ” es en a th e on h e a e s ti l is light t squ r . 3 The a o n of h e a een e e e cc u t t deliber tion s h as b pr s rv d . ” lane on a Th e a . 620 et se . (Mi si C tr tti Artistici , pp q ) D vid remained on th e S pot whi ch h ad been fixed for it in fron t o f th e a a e o f th e S e n or n t h e a n h ad a a e P l c ig i y u til 1 87 3. As r i d m g d the a e in an a a n an n e was en e o e t o a st tu l rmi g m r , it th r m v d special rotunda (th e Tribun a d el David a t t h e Acad emy o f ne in en Th e Fi Arts Flor ce . Circolo Artistico Of that city is now proposin g ( 1 908) t o have a white marble copy made and e e e on old e o o e th e a o e i r ct d its sit pp sit Pal zz V cch o . 32 THE LIFE OF MICHAEL ANGELO

on so a o n ee upright positi , th t it c uld swi g fr ly with — oo o a striking the groun d advan ced . It t k f ur d ys a a e On move it from the Duomo t o the Old P l c .

1 8 at n oon ea e e n a on . e on n e th , , it r ch d its d sti ti Th y c ti u d a o n at n one e eni n In t o keep a guard r u d it ight , but , v g , ? of all e a on was on e spite pr c uti s , it st d Such was that Fl oren tin e people who are som eti ? held up t o us as a model

I n 1 5 04 the Seigniory of Floren ce pitted Michael An a eona o da n ag inst L rd Vi ci . m n w n o o f a o e The two e ere t f n d o e ch th r . common solitude ought t o have brought them t oget But if they felt that they were far removed from the of m en e we e o e an the on e o , th y r still m r dist t fr m o The o e o a a e . e of t o as on o th r m r is l t d the w w Le rd . as fift -t a — w y wo years of. ge twen ty years Michael Ang sen o n t a i r . Si ce he ge of thirty he h o en e the e ne of o as Fl r c , bitt r ss wh se p t o o e a an d e a e n a e t o his 5 his s m wh t timid d lic t tur , an d e a n e e en t o e e n and n e sc ptic l i t ll ct , Op v rythi g u d r an n e e n . ea dilettante hi man st di g v rythi g This gr t , t s a o e ee and a o e a on e was so e a e bs lut ly fr bs lut ly l , d t ch d o n a e o n e on an th n e o a fr m tiv c u try , r ligi d e e tir w rld th t he was on at ea e en an wh o e ly his s wh with tyr ts , , lik e We e ee n e o t o ea e an in hims lf , r fr mi d d . F rced l v Mil 1 o n t o the a of o e o o o o il o o 499 , wi g f ll his pr t ct r , L d vic M r ,

1 Con temporary n arrative an d Pi etr o di Marco Pare ” o en n e S o e Fl r ti t ri s . 2 L et m d e a d that th e chaste n udity of t h e D avid S hoo o en ne . e n o e oa n ae n e o w Fl r ti s Ar ti , r pr chi g Mich l A g l ith ” e en of a en w o e t o in 1 d c cy his L st Judgm t , r t him 5 45 th e o e th e o en n e wh o e n e e e m d sty Of Fl r ti s , hid u d r l av s ” t he a e u a of e e sh m f l p rts th ir b autiful Colossus .

34 THE LIFE OF MICHAEL ANGELO

a ni e e S oderin i Such were the two m en whom the gonf lo r th e o a on of set in oppositi on over a common work e d c r ti f th e ni o the Coun cil Chamber of the Palace o e S ig ry . A o f singul ar combat this between the two greatest f rces o the ena an e I n Ma 1 5 04 Leon a o . e an R iss c , y rd b g his ” 1 I n 1 0 cartoon of the Battle of Anghi ari . August 5 4 Michael Angelo received a commissi on for the cartoon of ” 3 na o en e was di e n o t wo the Battle of Casci . Fl r c vid d i t — e has e a e e e n o o camps. Tim qu lis d v rythi g b th w rks ? have disappeared

I n March 1 5 05 Michael Angelo was summoned t o Rome f en e an the e o e o o e . by Julius II . Th b g h r ic p ri d his lif o en an d a e the Po e an d the Both of them vi l t m j stic , p a t o a ee hen e not o en artist were m de gr , w th y did vi l tly

1 They imposed upon him th e humiliation of representin g a n n e e en th e an e e victory o f th e Flore ti s o v r his fri ds Mil s . 2 ” Or t h e War Of Pisa. ’ 3 ae An e o a oon th e on on e o e e in 1 0 Mich l g l s c rt , ly c mpl t d 5 5 , e in 1 1 2 on th e o a on of th e o w a o e disappear d 5 , cc si ri ts hich r s Th e w i n F loren ce through th e return Of th e Medicis . ork is n ow n own on ean of a en a o e t h e o k ly by m s fr gm t ry c pi s , m st ’ a o of e e e n a n on o en a n Th e f m us th s b i g M rc A t i s gr vi g , ” ’ e AS t o eona o e o t h e a n e e Climb rs . L rd s fr sc , p i t r hims lf n t e f h e e e o e . o e t h e e n e o t o d str y d it Wishi g p rf ct t ch iqu fr sc , h e e e en e w a a e w h ad Oil as a an d xp rim t d ith pl st r hich its b sis , w a e t o a an d t h e a n n w in hich f il d l st ; thus p i ti g , hich , his dis m ent h e a an on e in 1 n e cour a e 06 no o e e in 1 0 . g , b d d 5 , l g r xist d 5 5 ’ To this p eriod Of Michael An gelo s life ( 1 5 0 1 - 1 5 0 5 ) also belon g t h e t wo a has- e e o f t h e a on n a an d th e circul r r li fs M d Child , which are at t h e Royal Academy in Lon d on an d at th e B argello “ a e in o e e t h e a o nn a of e a e G ll ry Fl r nc ; M d Brug s , purch s d in 1 5 06 by Flemish merchan ts ; an d th e large picture in dis e e th e H o F a in th e U ffiz i t h e n e an d t mp r Of ly mily , fi st ’ o a e n e of ae n e o o an m st c r fully fi ish d Mich l A g l s w rks . Its Purit ical austerity and heroic accen t is a stri kin g con trast an uo of the ar t of eona l g r L rdo . TH E H OL Y F A M I L Y

I n th e U ffiz i F , l or en ce

STRENGTH 33

t o ea o e e a n we run coun ter ch th r . Th ir br i s re ful l of o e t o for gigantic pr j ects . Julius II . wish d build hi mself wo of n en o ae a mausoleum rthy A ci t R me . Mich l An gelo seized upon this proud an d imperi al idea with passi on ate en a an d on e e a a on an o e — a thusi sm , c c iv d B byl i pr j ct very moun tain of architecture with more than forty f o n The o e a a e o o a e on . P e st tu s c l ss l dim si s p , qu lly en a e a e hi m t o a a a t o o a n all thusi stic , d sp tch d C rr r bt i n a a ae n e o e a n e in t he the ecess ry m rble . Mich l A g l r m i d o n a n o e an e on H e was a e t o m u t i s m r th ight m ths . pr y e u an e e en One da h n sup rh m xcit m t y , w ilst ridi g o the o n on o e a he saw a o n a n thr ugh c u try h rs b ck , m u t i o n a e the oa an d was e e a e e which d mi t d c st , s iz d with d sir t o a e in en e t o an o n o a Col ossus c rv it its tir ty , tr sf rm it i t ' visible t o n avigators from afar H e would have ” 1 a done it h d he had the time an d b een permitted . I n e e e 1 0 he e ne t o o e e e the D c mb r 5 5 r tur d R m , wh r blocks of marble which he had Chosen had b egun t o a e s a e an o on o the a e rriv by e . Th y were tr sp rted t squ r f o . e e e n an a a e n a e e ae n e o St P t r , b hi d S t C t ri , wh r Mich l A g l e The a of one as so a a e e liv d . m ss st w gre t th t it xcit d t he astonishment of the p eople an d the j oy of the Pope . ae n e o set t o o Th o in a en e . e e Mich l A g l w rk P p , his imp ti c , came t o see him ceas elessly an d conversed with him ” as a f miliarly as though he had b een hi s own brother . In order t o Visit hi m more conveni ently he had a draw e w a e hi m a e e a a e o n o bridg , hich ssur d s cr t p ss g , thr w fr m ’ a o o f c rrid r o the Vatican t o Michael Angel o s house . ’ t e o a e The But h P pe s f vour lasted only a short tim . a a e of uli was n o e on an an a ch r ct r J us II . l ss inc st t th th t of ae n e o H e e a n e e in the o Mich l A g l . b c me i t rest d m st a o e one a e t he o n o e an dissimil r pr j cts ft r ther . A th r pl ’ t a of the e n of e e —“ a ea e t o him t o h t r buildi g St . P t r s pp r d 1 condiVi o ? a e e t o n hi m work Braman te immedi t ly d cided rui . ’ th o e a o a n on H e robbed him of e P p s f v ur . Pl yi g up ’ Julius superstiti ous nature he remin ded him of the

1 a w t o o e a en an a e a an e . ae as o At y r t , Br m t R ph l cl s fri d of Braman te an d t oo much un der an Obligation t o him t o refuse t o ake o on a e w we a e n o oo a m c mm c us ith him but h v pr f th t, ih s ae el e e e e th e e ona h e a e a a t n o . N p rs lly , ct d g Mich l A g v rth l ss , sculptor accuses him in formal terms : All t h e difficulties which arose between th e Pope Jul ius an d myself were t h e result o f t h e ea of a an e an a ae e o t o j lousy Br m t d R ph l . Th y s ught r u n m e an d ul a ae h ad ea on for o n so for w a i ; tr y R ph l r s d i g , h t ” h e now in ar t h e e n o m e e e of O o er 1 2 k s l ar t fr m . (L tt r ct b 5 4 ’ to a e on n wn e il i s u no M an e on . . e s 8 p rs k L tt rs , e diti , pp 4 9 3 on w o e n en for ae n e o en e C divi , h s bli d fri dship Mich l A g l r d rs ” o ew a o en t o on a : a an e was e e him s m h t p suspici , s ys Br m t imp ll d t o a ae n e o of al l o ea o a o h rm Mich l A g l first thr ugh j l usy , but ls ow n t o a ea of th e en of ae n e o wh o o e e i g f r judgm t Mich l A g l , disc v r d

e o . a an e as e e on e know was en t o his rr rs Br m t , v ry s , giv ea e an d ea a on Th e a a e e e e pl sur gr t dissip ti . s l ry which h r c iv d o t h e o e a e o was was n f en for so h e fr m P p , l rg th ugh it , i su fici t him , sought t o make mon ey by buildin g his walls o f b ad materi als an d n fi en o E i suf ci tly s lid . very o n e can see this in his buildin gs ’ at S t . e e t he o o of t h e e e e e th e C o te of P t r s , c rrid r B lv d r , l is r San o e o ad n a &C w h as e en een n e e a t Pi tr Vi cul , hich it r c tly b c ss ry t o s o ean of a - on an d e au se upp rt by m s cr mp ir s buttress s , bec e we e a n or wou e th y r f lli g ld soon hav fallen . STRENGTH 37

’ popular belief that it was unlucky t o build on e s tomb ’ n e An h ee n during o e s lifetim . d e succ ded ot only in ’ detachi ng him from his rival s proj ects but in substitutin g f r t I n an a 1 06 li o n o e . hi s w h m J u ry 5 Ju us II . decided ’ The a o e wa S e e . s a an t o e . on e r build t P t r s m us l um b d d , an d Mich ael An gelo found himself n ot on ly humili ated but i n debted for the expen ses which h e h ad i n curred for t he ? H o n e e The o e o e work e c mplai d bitt rly . P p cl s d his door t o an d on the o e n n t o the C a e him , , sculpt r r tur i g h rg , Julius had en o the a an on e of oo him driv fr m V tic by his gr ms . o of a who ne e the ene a t o A bish p Lucc , wit ss d sc , s id the m an : Are you aware as t o who this is P ” a on m e a the oo t o ae n e o P rd , sir , s id gr m Mich l A g l , a e an o e n ot t o let ou en e and but I h v rd r y t r , it is my ” t o o e o e duty b y my rd rs . e n n o e ae n e o o e t o the o e as R tur i g h m , Mich l A g l wr t P p follows Holy Father ! I was driven from the Palace this o n n o b e t o n o ou m r i g by order f your Holiness . I g i f rm y that if you n eed m e you will have t o seek m e everywhere ” e e in o e ls but R m . en in o f e e he a e in a ea e and a S d g f this l tt r , c ll d d l r marble-cutter who lodged with him an d said t o them n a ew e e e n in o e an d o e t o Fi d J , s ll v rythi g my h us , c m ” o enc Fl r e . ? H e then moun ted his horse an d set off When the

1 “ When t h e Pope chan ged his mi nd and t he ships arrived w th e a e o a a a h ad t o a th e e e . ith m rbl fr m C rr r , I p y fr ight mys lf th e a e e th e a e - e for w o h ad en t o At s m tim m rbl cutt rs , h m I s t o en e a e in o e an d as h ad n e an d e Fl r c , rriv d R m ; I fur ish d fitt d up for them th e house Which Julius h ad given m e behin d S an ta a e na o n e w o on e an d in ea e a a C t ri , I f u d mys lf ith ut m y gr t mb rr ss en e e a ea o e O o e m t (L tt r lr dy qu t d , ct b r 3 1 1 06 April 7 , 5 . 38 THE LIFE OF MICHAEL ANGELO

Pope received the letter he despatched fiv e couri ers after e n ot o e a e the e n e e en him , but th y did v rt k fugitiv u til l v ’ n e he had ea e o O clock at ight , by which tim r ch d P ggi an e th e o ow n n an . e e e h ousi , i Tusc y Th r th y h d d him f ll i g a e a e the e e of e n t o order : Immedi t ly ft r r c ipt this , r tur ”

on a n of ou r a e . ae n e o e e Rome , p i disgr c Mich l A g l r pli d that he would return when the Pope kept his engage e all o e of o e e li . men ts ; th rwis , Ju us II might giv up h p ? ever seeing him again e a onn e t o the o e as o o H e address d s t P p , f ll ws o e e a o e was e a a L rd , if v r pr v rb tru , it is th t which s ys n will Y ou a e e e e in a e he who can ever . that , h v b li v d t l s an d idl e talk you have recompen sed t he enemy of AS e a e am an d a e e e een truth . r g rds mys lf , I h v v r b

’ an am as a a e t o ou as the your good old serv t . I tt ch d y r o th un An d et the e o e af rays a e t e s . y tim which I l s flicts you not The more I fatigue mys elf the less y ou love ha o e t o o ea e o o an e e . d m I h p d gr w gr t r thr ugh y ur gr d ur , an d that your just balance an d your powerful sword would

a e een on e an d n ot a n e o . h v b my ly judg s , lyi g ch But ea en e a o e of all e in a n in h v mak s m ck ry virtu , pl ci g it ” 3

o o n on o a ea ee . this w rld , if it c u ts fruit fr m d d tr It is probable that the affron t which he received from ’ was n ot th i . e o n o Julius II s le reason for Michael A gel s fl ght . I n a letter t o Giulian o da S an Gal lo he leads on e t o suppose ? that Bramante intended t o have him assassinated

1 Th e w o e of n a a e a en e u a o a e e h l this rr tiv is t k , t xt lly , fr m l tt r ae n e o a e O o e 1 2 . by Mich l A g l , d t d ct b r 5 4 2 a e at a e w a ea t o m e t o b e th e o I pl c it this d t , hich pp rs m st e on e a o e w o in n on f en lik ly , lth ugh Fr y , ith ut , my Opi i , su fici t ea on a a was w en a o r s , cl ims th t it ritt b ut 1 5 1 1 . 3 ” oe . S e e en . P ms , iii ( App dix , i ) Th e d ead tree is an allusion t o th e evergreen oak which e on th e a of th e — figur s rms D e l a Rovere family that of Juliu s II . 4 That was not th e only cause of my departure there was

40 THE LIFE OF MICHAEL ANGELO

a o e e he had t o e wa an d n the Fin lly , h w v r , giv y , , duri g o e 1 06 he e an o ee e t o l ast days of N vemb r 5 , r luct tly pr c d d h ad en e e on e n o e e . Bol gna , wh r Julius II t r d with his c qu ri g army . One mornin g Michael Angelo wen t t o hear Mass at ’ P o The o e oo e o n e . an d S an etroni . P p s gr m r c g is d him o who was at a e at the a a e of l ed him bef re Julius , t bl P l c n The o e a e a t o was the Sixtee . P p , irrit t d , s id him It your duty t o come t o s eek us (at Rome) but y ou waited for us t o find you (at Bologna) Michael Angelo threw himself on his knees and in a loud voice b egged for on a n a he had not a e ou a e pard , s yi g th t ct d thr gh m lic a on e a e he o not ea e n r en but irrit ti , b c us c uld b r b i g d iv n on The o e a ne ea e a a as had ee e . P e w y , b d p r m i d s t d , en ea an d a e e an e e e on with b t h d f c flush d with g r , wh r up a o o S oderini had en t o e en ae n e o bish p , wh m s t d f d Mich l A g l , attempted t o i n tervene by sayi n g May it please your Holiness t o pay n o heed t o his stupidities : he sin ned o no an e A ai' t o e ar t a n e ar e thr ugh ig r c . p fr m th ir , p i t rs ’ t a e the o a o an all h e s m . At this P pe b ec me furi us d e a ou sa an n i o e n ot o cri d Wh t y y is i sult , wh ch c m s fr m us ! Y ou ar e th e ignoran t on e i» Away with you an d the devil take you And as he did n ot do as he ’ was o the Po e e an e e e e on t ld , p s s rv ts thr w th ms lv s up o and e e e o t he oo en him , with bl ws , xp ll d him fr m r m . Th , th e o e a n en an e on the o a e P p , h vi g sp t his g r bish p , m d ” 1 ae n e o a oa an d a on e hi Mich l A g l ppr ch p rd d m . n o na e in o t o e a e ea e . U f rtu t ly , rd r m k p c with Julius II , was n e e a t o o a e an d e a it c ss ry hum ur his c pric s , th ll

o n t o e an d in 1 1 h e was in n g i g Turk y , 5 9 relatio s with th e ” of An d rino ol is wh o n e t o o e an d e e e Lord p , i vit d him c m x cut o e a n t n for s m p i i gs him . eo n a o d a n was a o e e t o o t o L rd Vi ci ls t mpt d g Turkey . 1 on C divi . STRENGTH 41

ha a a n an e e e a powerful will d g i ch g d . Th r w s no longer any question of a mausoleum but of a colossal bron ze he o o t o a se at o o n a I n a statue which pr p sed r i B l g . v in did Michael An gelo protest that he knew n othin g ab out t he ” f o H had t o set t o o t o a n as n o n e . e c ti g br z w rk le r , with a hi s e a e a o en H e e i the result th t life b c m t rm t . liv d n a e e oo a n e b ed in w he S e wr tch d r m , with si gl , hich l pt with his t wo o en ne a an a o an d o o o and Fl r ti ssist ts , L p L d vic , m - n a o e a o e e n n . een on with his t l f u d r , B r rdi Fift m ths a of al o of o H e a e p ssed full l s rts tr ubles . qu rr lled with a o an o o o who o e hi d m . L p L d vic , r bb d ” a a o he o e t o a e a e This sc mp L p , wr t his f th r , g v every on e t o understan d that he and Lodovico did all the o or at ea a e o e in o a o a on w rk , l st th t th y w rk d c ll b r ti with m e H e o not n e an a he was n ot the a e . c uld u d rst d th t m st r n ne out en for t he e he u til I tur d him ; th , first tim , did see a he was in o en o e o as th t my empl ym t . I dr v him f rth ” 1 wo a e I uld brut . a o and o o o o a ne n o an d in a on L p L d vic c mpl i d isily , , dditi t o ea n a n e a a n ae n e o I n o en e spr di g c lum i s g i st Mich l A g l Fl r c , succeeded I n extorti ng money from his father un der the e e a h h a o e e pr t xt th t e d r bb d th m . The n a a f o n a a a en i c p city o the f u der next bec me pp r t . I would have believed that Maestro Bernardin o was a a e of a n e en w o fire so ea was a c p bl c sti g v ith ut , gr t my f ith ” in him . I n June 1 5 07 the casting of the statue failed ; the e was e o far as t a s e h n figur succ ssful nl y as he w i t . Ev ryt i g had t o b e e o n ae n e o was o e r c mme ced . Mich l A g l ccupi d with the work until February 1 5 08 an d nearlyruined his ea o h lth ver it . a e a e t o eat he w o e t o I h v h rdly tim , r t his o e n a a e of t e ea e n on en en e br th r . I live i st t h gr t st i c v i c 1 e e t o a h e e ua 8 1 0 . L tt r his f t r , F br ry , 5 7 42 THE LIFE OF MICHAEL ANGELO

fli cult n of n o n e e an o n and di y . I thi k thi g ls th w rki g n an an da a e en e e , d n ight d y . I h v dur d such suff ri gs I a e e e a h ad the con ti nue t o en dure them , th t I b li v th t if I statue t o make once more my life would n ot suffice for the ” 1 a has een a an n e a n . t sk . It b gig tic u d rt ki g a e en a e th e a e was Con sidering the f tigu t il d , f t which e e in in store for this work of ar t was pitiful . Er ct d on of the a a e of S an e on o the February 1 5 08 in fr t f c d P tr i , I e a n e e e o ea . n statue of Julius II . r m i d th r but f ur y rs December 1 5 1 1 it was destroyed by th e party of the f and o i o a the en e e o . Bentiv gl f mily , mi s Julius II , ’ n t o a e a annon Alfon zo d Est e b ought the fragme ts m k c .

o n t o o e now o e Michael Angel retur ed R m . Julius imp s d on ano e a n o e ne e e an d S o e up him th r t sk , l ss u xp ct d till m r H o the a n e who n e n o in e o . e e e p ril us rd r d p i t r , k w th g a o the e n e of e o a n n t o a n the b ut t ch iqu fr sc p i ti g , p i t of a ne o a e a ceiling the Sistine Ch pel . O w uld h v s id that he took pleasure in orderin g impossible thi ngs an d ae An e o in a n e ou t Mich l g l c rryi g th m . ee a was a an e who See n ae It s ms th t it Br m t , i g Mich l n e o e n t o a o o a on — a A g l r tur f v ur , br ught this t sk up him task in t he carryin g ou t of which he thought his glory ? would wan e The ordeal was all the more dangerous ' for ae n e o a n the a e ea 1 08 a Mich l A g l s , i s m y r , 5 , his riv l “ Raphael had commenced pai nting the Stan ze of the ? Vatican with i n comparable success H e did everything

1 e e t o o e S e e N e 2 an d o e e 1 0 1 0 . L tt rs his br th r, pt mb r 9 v mb r , 5 7 3 S h at an a e t he f on en on o on . uc , y r t , is c t ti C divi It is , ’ owe e t o b e n o e a e o e ae n e o t o o o n a h v r , t d th t , b f r Mich l A g l s flight B l g , th e question of him paintin g t h e S istin e Chap el h ad been raised ‘ an d that then this proj ect was litt l e t o th e likin g of Braman te wh o o t o e o e a o o e e e o s ught r m v his riv l fr m R m . (L tt r fr m Pi etro Rosselli t o Michael An gelo in May 3 Raphael painted the room known as th e Stan za della TH E PR P O H ET J EREM I A H

I n th e Si st in e Ch ap el

STRENGTH 43 he could t o avoid the redoubtable honour he even went so far as t o o o e a ae in hi s a e a n a pr p s R ph l pl c , s yi g th t this was n ot a an of ar t in hi he o ee br ch w ch c uld succ d . But th e Pop e p ersisted in his deman ds an d Michael Angelo h ad t o e wa giv y . Braman te raised a scaffoldn for Michael An gelo in the ne a e an d o e a n e wh o had h ad e e en e Sisti Ch p l , s m p i t rs xp ri c in fresco pain tin g were brought from Florence t o assist ae n e o was one of o e m en who o him . But Mich l A g l th s w uld e e e n o o of a an e a oe e H e e an r c iv s rt ssist c wh ts v r . b g by ’ declaring that Braman te s scaffoldi ng was useless an d by a n ano e AS t o the o en ne a n e he oo r isi g th r . Fl r ti p i t rs , t k a e t o e an d o e an a on e t o dislik th m , , with ut xpl ti , put th m the oo On e o n n he e o e e e n e d r . m r i g d str y d v rythi g th y had a n e hi e in the a e an d o n ot p i t d , shut ms lf up ch p l w uld o en th oo o H e o n o let e b e p e d r t them . w uld t hims lf en e en in own o en the o e ee e t o se v his h use . Wh j k s m d them t o have lasted long enough they returned t o ” 1 o n e e o o n a e . Fl r c , pr f u dly humili t d 2 ae n e o e a n e a one a few o en Mich l A g l r m i d l with w rkm , an d far o the ea e ffi e n o , fr m gr t r di culty ch cki g his b ld ne he en a e an an d e e t o a n n ot ss , l rg d his pl d cid d p i t on th e e n as had at een o o e the ly c ili g , first b pr p s d , but a w lls . 1 08 n n a n was e n on Ma 1 0 . This giga tic u dert ki g b gu y , 5 — Dark years the darkest an d the most sublime of hi s o e i e e e ee the e en a ae n e o wh l l f Her w s l g d ry Mich l A g l ,

S ignatu ra Th e S chool of Athen s an d the Dispute o f

th e Holy S acramen t between April an d S eptember 1 5 08 . 1 a a V s ri . 3 I n t h e e e of 1 1 0 t o a e ae An e o a en l tt rs 5 his f th r , Mich l g l l m ts ' on th e e of on e of e e a an wh o was oo for subj ct th s ssist ts , g d n othin g except t o b e waited upon This occupation was doubtless lackin g t o m e l I h ad not enough t o do already ” H e a e e s e e as a e m k s m a wr tch d brut . 44 THE LIFE OF MICHAEL ANGELO

ne he o e a e a e and the hero of the Sisti , wh s m j stic im g is o of an ought t o remain engraved on the mem ry hum ity . e e of o e a w n e H e suffered terribly . His l tt rs th s d ys it ss o a e en w o n ot fin d t o a passi on ate disc ur g m t , hich c uld appeasement in his divi n e thoughts . I am in a state of great men t al depressi on it is a year n ow S in ce I received a fixed in come from the

o e ask him for n o n e a e o oe n ot P p . I thi g , b c us my w rk d s advan ce suffici en tly t o make remun erati on app ear t o m e a e o the f l of t he t o b e merited . This ris s fr m di ficu ty work an d also from the fact that it does n ot b elong t o

on o e e o e . my professi . Thus I l s my tim with ut r sult 1 God help me Hardl y had he finished pain ting The Deluge than the work became so mouldy th at the figures c ould n o t o on e n e H e e e n . longer b e disti guish d . r fus d c ti u But th Po ou ea of n o e The a had t o set e pe w ld h r excus . rtist t o a a n o w rk g i . His relatives still further added t o his fatigue an d an e e o o o n e th e e e xi ty by th ir di us imp rtu iti s . All m mb rs of a e at a e oo a an a e of him his f mily liv d his ch rg , t k dv t g an d o e him t o a a e e ea e w rri d de th . His f th r nev r c s d his oan n an d o a n n o e one af a en m i g c mpl i i g v r m y f irs . Wh Michael Angelo himself was crushed un der troubles he had ’ t o en e in ai a e o a e sp d his tim r sing his f th r s c ur g . ” Do n ot di e o e he o e t o e e str ss y urs lf , wr t him , th s are n ot matters in which life is at stake I S hall n ever see y ou wan t as lon g as I myself have anything Even if everythi ng y ou possess in t he world is taken from ou ou a n o n so on a y , y will l ck thi g l g s I exist I would rather b e poor an d know you were ali ve than have all the gold in t he world and know you were dead If y ou canno e o e a e the ono of o b e t , lik th rs , h v h urs this w rld , 1 e e t o a e a L . n ar 2 tt r his f th r (J u y 7 ,

46 THE LIFE OF MICHAEL ANGELO

m e e a n ne o n the righteous makes hi b tt r , but th t ki d ss sh w e an ea a e t o the wicked makes him wors . M y y rs h v I en deavoured by fair words an d fair acti ons t o lead y ou a d we o t o an one e in ea e o a e n e . h st lif , p c with y ur f th r th rs Y et you ar e ever wors e I might speak t o you at a o great length ; but that would only b e w sting w rds . a t o a‘ on on n o e a n To bring m tters c clusi , k w with c rt i ty a ou o e no n in the o for who th t y p ss ss thi g w rld , it is I , through love of God an d b eli evin g th at y ou were one of n ow am e a n a o e o ou . my br th rs , supp rt y But I c rt i th t ou are n ot o e for ou had een ou o y my br th r , if y b y w uld

ot a e a ne a e . a e ar e ou a e n h v thre te d my f th r R th r y brut , an a a o as a K n o a the d I sh ll tre t y u brute . w th t it is duty of him who sees his father threatened or ill -treated t o expose hi s life for him But en ough on this subj ect e ea a ou o e no n in the o an d I r p t th t y p ss ss thi g w rld , that if I hear but the slightest complain t against y ou I shall come t o teach y ou for squan dering your property an d setting fire t o the h ousé and estates whi ch you have n ot Y ea ne . ou are n ot in t o ou a n o e r d he positi n y im gi e . If I c m t o you I shall make you acquainted with facts which will brin g bitter tears t o your eyes an d S how you on what b asis y ou establish your arrogan ce If y ou will en deavour t o act e t o on o an d ene a e o a e a w ll , h ur v r t y ur f th r , I will ssist ou as do the o e an d S o o e ou a y I th rs , , h rtly , will pr cur y oo o g d sh p . But if you do otherwise I S hall come and arran ge your business in such a mann er that y ou will know who y ou are an d exactly what you possess in the world Nothing more ! When words ar e lacking a e for e ee I m k up th m by d ds .

w n t o and h e oe n ot an e o on or h e riti g him if d s ch g his disp siti , if a off a oo o th e o e or oe an n t o c rry but t thpick fr m h us , d s ythi g d i ea e ou b e ou t o n o m e spl s y , I g y i f rm . I will then obtain leave ” of a en e o the o e and o e t o o S bs c fr m P p c m y u . ( prin g STRENGTH 47

Michela niolo at o e g R m . Two ne o e For the a e a li s m r . p st tw lve ye rs I have e a e e li e all o e a a liv d wr tch d f v r It ly . I h ve supported e e a e f e e e e ffi o en e v ry disgr c , su f r d v ry di culty , t rm t d my body with all sorts of fatigue an d exp osed my life t o a o an an e o e in o e t o aid o e An th us d d g rs s l ly rd r my h us . d now a a e e n t o a e a e ou a e th t I h v b gu r is it up littl , y mus yourself by destroyi ng in an hour what has taken years t o build By the b ody of Christ this shall n ot b e For I am capable of tearin g in pi eces t en thousan d such m en as o a n e a B w u e . e e e e o e an d y , if th t is c ss ry is , th r f r , do n ot drive one whose passi ons are different t o yours t o 1 extremes ’ was en on o n It th Sigism d s tur . I am livin g here in distress an d in a state of great o a e I a e n o en of an n an d do n ot b dily f tigu . h v fri d y ki d wan t any It is rarely that I have the mean s t o eat t o m i n ea e t o a e m e an for can y l ki g . C s c us guish , I ” 3 o n o o supp rt m re . n a the o e B u onarr ot o e o e in Fi lly , third br th r , , mpl y d the o e a o e of the o a e e a a e c mm rci l h us Str zzis , sh m l ssly h r ss d a e all the a an e of on e he had e e e o him , ft r dv c s m y r c iv d fr m ae n e o an d oa e a he had en o e for Mich l A g l , b st d th t sp t m r an he ha e e him th d r c ived . o ve e t o no o e ae I sh uld ry much lik k w , wr t Mich l

n e o t o him e e o one o e o . S o A g l , wh r y ur m y c m s fr m I h uld much like t o know if y ou coun t the 228 ducats which y ou oo o m e at the an a a a o a an the an t k fr m S t M ri Nu v b k , m y o e n e of a a e en o e and th r hu dr ds duc ts which I h v s t h m ,

1 e i e a e en o e n e to G ov an S on . L tt r im D t d by H ry Th d , spri g ’ b e no e a 1 0 in Milan esi s e on 1 0 . t o 5 9 ; diti , July 5 8 It is t d th t Giov an S n f ae n e o was imo e was then a m an o thirty . Mich l A g l on ou ea e ly f r y rs his s nior . 3 To S on o O o e 1 1 0 . igism d , ct b r 7 , 5 9 48 THE LIFE OF MICHAEL ANGELO t he difficulties and cares which I have had in supporting

ou o e t o n o ou a e all a y . I sh uld much lik k w if y t k th t i nto accoun t If you had sufficien t in telligen ce t o ou o n ot sa a e en recognise the truth , y w uld y I h v sp t ’ own and ou o l not a e e e m e so much of my , y w u d h v b s t e o en n m e o af a o e o e n her , t rm ti g with y ur f irs , with ut r c ll cti g ou Y ou o a e a all my past con duct towards y . w uld h v s id Michael Angelo knows What he wrote t o us ; if he does n ot do it n ow it is because he has been prevented by s ome ’ L t b a en n o an e e e . thing oi which we are in ig r c . us p ti t n a o e n as a as he can n e t o e Whe h rs ru s f st , it is u wis giv h a m the t o a e run o e an e e . hi spur , m k him m r th is bl o m e Go a on ou e But you have never kn wn . d p rd y H it is who has gran ted m e the strength t o do all that I have on t o a ou ou n ot e o n e n d e ssist y . But y will r c g is it u til I ” 1 o o am n m re . Such was the atm ospher e of ingratitude an d en vy I n — the midst of which Michael Angelo struggled between an unworthy family which harassed him an d relen tless n o e emi es wh watched him and anticipated his failure . And et n e o he was a o hi n the y , duri g this p ri d , cc mplis g e o o in the n a at the e of h r ic w rk Sisti e Ch pel . But pric what desperate efforts ! H e n early abandon ed every n an d fled on e o H wa n th e on thi g c m re . e s u der e impr ssi . ? that he was going t o die Perhaps he woul d have e o e ea W lc m d d th . The Pope became irritated at his slowness an d o na in n o e o a a e bsti cy hidi g his w rk . Th ir pr ud ch r ct rs a e a a n ea o e e n o On e d sh d g i st ch th r lik thu dercl uds . ” da a on on a n hi en he y , s ys C divi , Julius II . ski g m wh o a e n e the a e ae n e o a e hi s w uld h v fi ish d ch p l , Mich l A g l m d ’ a e en am a T o e . he o e usu l r ply , Wh I bl P p , furi us ,

1 e e B t o uon arrot o ul 0 1 1 . L tt r , J y 3 , 5 3 3 e e u 1 1 2 . L tt rs , A gust 5 D ECOR ATI VE F I GURE

I n t h e S istine Ch ap el

STRENGTH 49

him e ea n en am a struck with his stick , r p ti g , Wh I ble When I am able Michael Angelo rushed home and made f r o preparations o leaving R me . But Julius despatched a o e a e fiv e n e a an d t h c uri r ft r him with hu dr d duc ts , e m an a e o n hi s e t o a ea e him e en e t , ft r d i g b st pp s , pr s t d he ’ ” P e ae n e o a e o e e e . p s xcus s , which Mich l A g l cc pt d o n e on the o o On But they rec mme c d m rr w . e day the Pope en ded by saying t o him an grily Do you wan t me t o have you thrown from the t op of your scaffoldin g P Michael An gelo had then t o give way he took down the ’ a o di n an d on a n Da 1 1 2 o was sc ff l g , All S i ts y 5 his w rk n o e e u c v r d . a ea and e an o éle hi e e e th Th t gr t m l ch ly f , w ch r c iv s e ’ ne ea e e on of o Da was e nen e fu r l r fl cti All S uls y , mi tly fitt d ’ for the na a on of ae n e o e e o i ugur ti Mich l A g l s t rribl w rk , full — of the spirit of God who creates and destroys the

“ devouring God in whom the whole force of life rushes ? like a tempest

1 I have an alysed th e work in my book on Michael An gelo in ’ ” the e e en e L es ai es d e l Art and n ee not e e s ri s titl d M tr , d h r e return t o the su bj ct . SHATTERED STRENGTH

’ ’ 1 h ol on n a Root é l alta C .

E NGEL O e ina e hi e ean a o o MI CHA L A t rm t d t s h rcul t sk , gl ri us o a n t o o ea o n but shattered . Thr ugh h vi g h ld his h d thr w for on a n n the e n of the back m ths , whilst p i ti g c ili g ne a e he n e t o an e en Sisti Ch p l , i jur d his sight such xt t that for a long time afterwards he could neither read a letter n or look at an obj ect unless he held them above ” 3

ea in o e t o see e e e . his h d , rd r th m b tt r H e himself j oked ab out his infir mities a o has en m e a o e as a e oe t o the L b ur giv g itr , w t r d s cats of Lombardy My stomach poin ts towards my C in ea n owa the ll e on h , my b rd tur s t rds sky , my sku r sts an e a of a a The a n my b ack d my ch st is like th t h rpy . p i t o m in n on t o a e has a e a fr m y brush , drippi g my f c , m d an - olo e a e n on o n a e en e e m y c ur d p tt r up it . My l i s h v t r d n o o an d o e o o n e a an e i t my b dy my p st ri r c u t rb l c s . I a in a a a a ann e o e n a e t o see w lk h ph z rd m r , with ut b i g bl n o o my feet . My ski is extended in fr n t an d S h rtened m ehi n . a en e a an b ow n e en e b d I b t lik Syri . My i t llig c as an e as o for on e a an ne on a is str g my b dy , pl ys ill tu ” 3 ben t reed .

1 “ 3 oe . a a P ms , i V s ri . 3 oe S e . e en . P ms , ix ( App dix , ii ) h s oe w en in th e e e e of an e er n T i p m , ritt burl squ styl Fr c sco B i 5 0

5 2 TH E LIFE OF MICHAEL ANGELO

o an d o e e e e o e these thoughts of hi s y uth , th rs w r d str y d o e e t he few e a n e o e ea . , b f r his , d th H w v r which r m i ? suffice t o call up hi s passi ons The oldest poem seems t o have b een written in 3 Florence about 1 5 04 :

i e so on as was a o e H ow happy I l v d , Cupid , l g I ll w d on o o Now a a ea t o resist your passi Vict ri usly , l s my br st — o en is wet with tears I have felt y ur str gth .

a en e een 1 0 and 1 1 1 and Two madrig ls , writt b tw 5 4 5 , t o the a e o an are o nan probably addressed s m w m , p ig tly expressive

Who is it leads m e by force t o you Alas ! Al as ! Alas ! closely enchained P An d yet I am free

e u e ch e er fonz a a t e ena Chi q l p mi m , il e O lm e Oilm e O m , i , , 4 e a o e st r ect o e son e o e o o P L g t , lib r sci lt

H ow is it possible that I am no longer myself ?

1 Th e first complete edition of th e poems of Michael An gelo was published by his great-nephew at th e beginnin g of the seventeenth century un der th e title Rime di Michel angelo ” n a a o e da s o n o e 1 62 o en e o o . . u Bu rr ti r cc lt M A ip t , 3, Fl r c . of e a e in 6 ue in o en e o . e a 1 8 But it is full rr rs C s r Gu sti , 3, iss d Fl r c h e e ion a was a all e a B u t th e on t first dit th t t x ct . ly truly scien tific an d complete edition is th e admirable one of Carl e : Die Dict u n en des Mich ela n iol o on a o e a Fr y g g Bu rr ti , h r us e e en u n d r e a a e e en on a g g b mit k itisch m App r t v rsch v Dr . C rl ”

e 1 8 e n . th e on e t o whi e e in th e o e Fr y , 9 7 , B rli It is ch I r f r c urs of o a this bi gr phy . 3 On th e a e ee are awi n s of es nd n s m sh t dr g hors a men fighti g. 3 ” oe . S ee en P ms , ii ( App dix , iii . ) ‘1 Ibid v . SHATTERED STRENGTH 5 3

O God O God O God ! Who has torn m e from myself P Who can do more for m e than I myself P O God ! O God ! O God !

’ o e u o e e o non sia m io P C m p ss r , ch i piu O Dio O Dio 0 Dio , , ’ h a o o a m e e o Chi m t lt st ss , ’ Ch 51 m e fusse piu presso ‘ ’ O i m e o e ch e oss io p II di p t ssi , p P ” 1 O D io Dio o Dio , o ,

On the a of a e e of e e e 1 0 w en n b ck l tt r D c mb r 5 7 , ritt i o o na was the ol ow n en e onne the n B l g , f l i g juv il s t , se sual affectation of which evokes a visi on of Botticelli

and o e e e e how a Light with fl w rs w ll d ck d , h ppy is the crown upon her golden head of hair ! H ow the o e ea e e on h er o e ea ee n wh o w fl w rs g rly pr ss up f r h d , s i g ill b e the first t o kiss it ! The dress which en circles her rea and s feads e o a the e on da b st p b l w is h ppy liv l g y . The golden tissue is n ever tired of caressing her cheeks an n o e e o the o ne of t he o d eck . Still m r pr ci us is f rtu g ld edged ribb on which lightly presses upon t he breast which n o H er e ee t o sa : o e e it e vel ps . b lt s ms y I w uld v r embrace y ou Ah what then would my 3 arms not do ! — I n a long poem of an in timate character a sort of confessi on ? whi ch it is difficult t o quote exactly ae n e o e e w a n a of Mich l A g l d scrib d , ith si gul r crudity e e on o e an xpr ssi , his l v guish

When I remain a day without seei n g y ou I can fin d

1 “ oe . P ms , vi 3 S e en . . . e Ibid , vii ( App dix , iv ) 3 a o th e e e on e e wh o a e t h e oem I d pt xpr ssi us d by Fr y , d t s p w o fi en o n in o n on for o n so but ith ut suf ci t gr u d , my pi i , d i g , — 1 1 m e b e of u ea e a e . 5 31 5 32 . It seems t o t o m ch rli r d t 5 4 THE LIFE OF MICHAEL ANGELO

o en see ou ou are t o me a oo peace n where . Wh I y , y wh t f d is t o one who is hungry When you smile at me or he ee a e fire li e o e moti on t o me in t str t , I t k k p wd r ou ea t o me o e o e and When y sp k , I blush , l s my v ic , 1 e suddenly my great desire vanish s . o o a en a on as Then come s rr wful l m t ti s , such n e f e n ea ea en Ah ! infi it su f ri g , which t rs my h rt , wh it thinks that she whom I love so much loves m e n ot H ow shall I live ?

’ ch e o a nfin ita Ahi , d gli ’ S en e l m io cor an o o n a a en e t , qu d li t r m t , ’ ’ Ch e quella Ch io tan t am o amor n on sen te ! ’ 3 Come restero n vita P

e e ne a o ar e en ne t o o e e for Th s li s , ls , writt xt s m studi s the Madonna of the Medici Chapel one e a n n n in the a e en the sun Al , I r m i bur i g sh d , wh the of a e o e e o e e e o . d priv s w rld its r ys Ev ry n r j ic s , but e e on the o n a d en o o I , str tch d gr u d n strick with s rr w , ” 3 oan an m d weep . ’ Love is absen t from Michael Angelo s powerful sculpture and a n n he e e e for on o p i ti gs , which r s rv d ly his m st i 1 oe . S ee en V . f: P ms , xxxvi ( App dix , ) 3 oe . e e a e a a w th e o o e P ms , xiii A c l br t d m drig l , hich c mp s r , a o o eo o on no set t o efo e 1 1 8 of t h e B rt l mm Tr mb ci music , b r 5 , is s ame p eriod “ H ow a a e th e o a e t o e w o ou sh ll I h v c ur g liv ith ut y , my ea e on ea n an n o ask for o a an e P e e tr sur , if , l vi g , I c t y ur ssist c Th s o an d ea and w w w e e ea o ow s bs t rs sighs , ith hich my r tch d h rt f ll s

‘ ou a e own ou a a e a oa n ea an d y , h v sh y , m d m , my ppr chi g d th a o ra e m rtyrd m . But if it is true that absen ce will n ever o blite t

“ a e e a w u ea e e ea o . my f ithful s rvitud , I l v my h rt ith y My h rt is ” ” n o on e n e . oe S ee en l g r mi P ms , xi . App dix , vi . ) 3 ’ ’ S ol io a en o allx omb r a ri an o rd d mi m g , ’ Quan d el 301 d e 5 110 razi el mon do spoglia O n a o er iacier e e io er o a g i ltr p p , p d gli , o a o in e a i a en o e an h o . Pr str t t rr , mi l m t p g

oe x x u . P ms , ) TH E S L A V E

F r om t h e st at ue in t h e L ouvr e

SHATTERED STRENGTH 5 5

o ee as o he ha heroic th ughts . It s ms th ugh d been ashamed t o introduce the weakn esses of his heart i n to e H e on e in oe a on e e e n e th m . c fid d p try l . It is th r , u d r a e en e o e a we oo for the e e of rugg d v l p , th t must l k s cr t his timid and ten der heart

1 an o a ch e son n ato P Am d ,

On e n a n the a n n of the ne a e t rmi ti g p i ti gs Sisti Ch p l , 3 a n n o t an d l . e ae e e n ed o Ju ius II h vi g di d , Mich l A g l r tur Floren ce and resumed work on the proj ect which he had o at ea — the a o e of the ea o e H e m st h rt m us l um d d P p . ? undertook by contract t o complete it in seven years For three years he was almost exclusively occupi ed with 4 o n i e a e an e o — a thi s w rk . Duri g th s r l tiv ly tr quil p ri d peri od of melancholy and seren e maturity when the o a a on of the n e a e e the furi us git ti Sisti d ys subsid d , lik — ragin g sea whi ch returns t o its b ed Michael Angelo pr o duced o e e o o e e a the his m st p rf ct w rks , th s which b st displ y ” 3 e li of hi s a on an d - o e — o e qui brium p ssi will p w r his M s s , “ ' 6 an the a e of t o d Sl v s he L uvre .

1 o e wh was o n P oe o a e I l v ; y I b r P ms , cix , C mp r these love poems (in which love an d sorrow seem t o b e syn ony mous) with th e voluptuous en thusiasm of t h e juven ile an d n a e on n e of a ae w en on t h e a of aw n u gr c ful s ts R ph l , ritt b ck his dr i gs for t h e e f h e H en Disput o t oly S acram t . 3 d a . e on e a 2 1 1 1 ee on an Julius II di d F bru ry , 5 3, thr m ths a a e h e a e ne h lf ft r t i n ugu ration o f t h e frescoes of t h S isti . 3 on a of a Th e n ew o e o e o an 6 1 1 . C tr ct M rch , 5 3 pr j ct , m r imp rt t n t h - a e on e n e t wo a e a e . th first , i clud d thirty l rg st tu s 4 Duri n g this time Michael An gelo s eems t o have accepted but one o f a a S o a c mmission that for t h e s tatue of Christ o S . M ri pr ne a Mi rv . 5 Th e Moses was t o b e on e of six col ossal figures crowning the e ae n e o upp r floor o f t h e mon umen t t o Julius II . Mich l A g l not ea e wo n n did c s rki g on it u til 1 5 45 . 3 Th e S a e on w ae n e o was wo n in 1 1 l v s , hich Mich l A g l rki g 5 3 , 5 6 TH E LIFE OF MICHAEL ANGELO

But it was only for a momen t the stormy course of hi s life was resumed almost immedi ately an d he fell back again in to the night . X n oo t o ea ae The n ew o e L eo . e P p , , u d rt k t r Mich l Angelo away from the glorificati on of hi s predecessor and of s own o was t o attach him t o the triumph hi h use . It o e a e on of e an a for m r qu sti prid th symp thy with him , e ean na e he o n ot n e an with his picur tur , c uld u d rst d ’ 1 — Michael Angelo s sad genius all hi s favours were for a a the man who had o e the a n n R ph el . But pr duc d p i ti gs L of the t ne a e was an a an o and eo . Sis i Ch p l It li gl ry , X o a wished t domestic te it . H e offered t o allow Michael Angelo t o build the facade f S a o n o th C of th at o n e o n e e e e e . L r z , hurch M dici , Fl r c ae n e o a e a a ae Mich l A g l , stimul t d by his riv lry with R ph l , who had profited by his absence t o b ecome the sovereign 3 of ar t in o e a o e e t o b e a e R m , ll w d hims lf llur d by this

‘ we e en in 1 6 t o o e o S o t h e o en n e r giv by him 5 4 R b rt tr zzi , Fl r ti e an en e e in an e wh o e en e e t o R public , th xil d Fr c , pr s t d th m an Fr cis I . 1 H e was not S pari n g i n d emonstration s of tendern ess towards him h e was en e of ae n e H e e at but fright d Mich l A g lo . f lt ill i ” ea e n e en e . en t h e o e S ea of ou w o e s his pr s c Wh P p p ks , r t “ y S e a an o del o o t o t h e a as o h e we e b sti Pi mb rtist , it is th ugh r ea n of on e of his o e e e are a o ea in sp ki g br th rs . Th r lm st t rs his e e . H e h as o m e a ou we e o o e e y s t ld th t y r br ught up t g th r , an d h e o e a h e n ow an d o e ou ou en pr t sts th t k s l v s y , But y fright e e o —e e o b n e . O obe 2 v ry dy v P p s ( ct r 7 , ae n e o was l e at h e f L e H e a Mich l A g l ridicu d t cou rt o o X . l id e o en t o a e hims lf p r ill ry through t h e imprud en ce o f his lan guage . An n o n a e e e w h e w o e t o a n a en a t h e u f rtu t l tt r hich r t C rdi l Bibbi , a on of a h e a a e o a on en e e . e p tr R p l , c us d j y m gst his mi s Th y ” S ea of n o n e e at t h e a a e w o e S e a an o t o ae p k thi g ls p l c , r t b sti Mich l n e o f e o ou e . e o a n . u A g l , but y r l tt r Ev ryb dy is l ughi g (J ly 3, 1 5 20 ) 3 a an e h ad e in 1 1 an d a ae h ad u een Br m t di d 5 4 , R ph l j st b ’ a o n e e n en e f n o th e n f e e . pp i t d sup ri t d t buildi g o S t . P t r s

5 8 TH E L IFE OF MICHAEL ANGELO

1 insultingly accused by t he Pope of being bribed ; an d ’ for having had t o obey Leo s orders he was persecuted the Carrarais who o n t o an a an e en by , , by c mi g rr g m t with th an a ne e en e n n a S n e e Liguri m ri rs , pr v t d him fi di g i gl ? S o enoa t o a t o a a e H e had hip , fr m G Pis , c rry his m rbl t o on a oa a on e o the o n c struct r d , p rtly pil s , thr ugh m u — tains an d over the swampy plain s a road t o the cost of which the people of the district refused t o contribute a

enn T o e ne n o n a o e o . p y . he w rk rs k w thi g b ut th ir w rk a ae The quarries were n ew an d the workman lso . Mich l n e o a n A g l l me ted .

In wishing t o conquer these mountains an d bring ” 3 art e e a n a n t o h r I h ve u dert ke awaken the dead .

H t o e a o e e . stuck his t sk , h w v r

1 ’ e e of e a 2 1 1 8 o a n a d e e L tt r F bru ry , 5 , fr m C rdi l Julius M dici “ t o ae n e o : We ar e o ew a su 5 iciou s a o Mich l A g l s m h t p th t , thr ugh e on a n e es ou are S n wi t h e Carrar ais and w p rs l i t r t , y idi g th ish t o depreciate t h e Pi etrasan ta quarri es We have to i n form ou w o en e n n o e e an a on a o n e y , ith ut t ri g i t furth r xpl ti s , th t His H li ss wishes that th e entire work b e carried ou t with blocks of Pi etra an a a e an d n o o e S o ou act o e w e s t m rbl , th r h uld y th r is , w b e a a n th e e e de e of o ne an d e it ill g i st xpr ss sir His H li ss mys lf , an d we shall have good reason t o b e seriously irritated again st ou an e e o e o nn e o o y B ish , th r f r , this stubb r ss fr m y ur n mi d . 3 I have been as far as Genoa t o look for S hips Th e Carrar ais have bribe d al l t h e own ers of bo ats I must go t o a . e e o ae n e o t o an o 2 Pis (L tt r fr m Mich l A g l Urb , April , The S e a e e e hips I hir d t Pisa have n ot arrived . I b li v — they have tricked m e m y fate in all thin gs ! Oh ! cursed a thousan d times b e th e d ay an d hour I left Carrara ! It is t h e Ca e of n . Le e of 1 8 us my rui ( tt r April , 3 e e o f 1 8 f e e 1 1 8 . ew on a e h w o : L tt r April , 5 A m ths l t r r t Th e a e e o and th e eo e e n o an . qu rry is v ry pr cipit us , p pl quit ig r t Patience ! I must conquer t h e mountain s and in struct t he m e n . e e of S e e (L tt r pt mber 1 5 1 8 t o B erto da Filicaj a . ) SHATTERED STRENGTH 5 9

a a e o e a ou t in e of Wh t I h v pr mis d I will c rry , spit ’ e n ev rythi g . With God s assist an ce I will produce the ne o a s fi st w rk which It ly ha ever seen .

a en en a and en a e in a n Wh t str gth , thusi sm g ius w st d v i the en d of e e e 1 1 8 he e at e a e a At S pt mb r 5 f ll ill S r v zz , o o e o an d o H e was e a a e a thr ugh v rw rk w rry . w ll w r th t his health an d dreams were bein g ruin ed by this work ’ an e H e was e e the e e t o at a m s lif . Obs ss d with d sir l st e n n e b gi his work an d by the anguish of bein g preve t d . H e was pressed by his other engagements which he could 1 not a out c rry .

I am dyin g with impatience because my unhappy n n t an am desti y will o allow me t o do what I w t . I n h o o o a e the air of e n a e e e dyi g t r ugh s rr w . I h v b i g d c iv r , 3 a o n o of ne lth ugh it is fault mi .

e n n t o o en e he e e ou t o R tur i g Fl r c , wor hims lf with w rry a whilst awaitin g the arrival of the consign ments of m rble . But the Arn o was dry an d the boats loaded with blocks o n ot a n t c uld sce d he river . n t o set t o a e a e . Was he e o At l st th y rriv d , this tim , g i g H e er Wo P No H t o th a e . rk . e return ed e qu rri s p e in n ot e nn n n h e ha o e e as in the sist d b gi i g u til d c ll ct d , a e of t a e o n a n of e a o e of . c s h m us l um Julius II , v ry m u t i a t a for e n t o m rble . Ever did he postpon e he d y s tti g H ad he o f o n so . w rk . Perhaps he was frightened o d i g

1 The f e f ar a S o a ne a and Christ o t h Church o S . M i pr Mi rv t he a o e o m us l um f Julius II . 3 ’ Th e e of e e e 2 1 1 1 8 t o a n a d A en . e L tt r D c mb r , 5 , C rdi l g o a e e e for t h e o of f ur sh p l ss statu es (four S lav s t mb Julius IL) , a e o en e of th e o o o o a ea t o e on t o b r ly c mm c d , B b li gr tt s pp r b l g e o this p ri d . 60 THE LIFE OF MICHAEL ANGELO n ot promised t oo much ? H ad he n ot been rash in undertaking this great architectural work ? This was on h e e o he a e ea n ? n ot his professi . W r c uld h v l r t it a an e n or An d n ow he could neither dv c recede . S o much lab our did n ot result even in t he safe transport f a of on o o n en t o o the m rble . Out six m lithic c lum s s t Floren ce four were broken on the way an d one even in th of o n e H e was e o en . Fl re c . victim his w rkm ’ In the end the Pope and Cardinal de Medici lost all patience over the precious time which had been uselessly o in the of a e an on oa n l st midst qu rri s d muddy r ds . O a 1 0 1 20 a a a e e ea e ae n e o M rch , 5 , p p l bri f r l s d Mich l A g l o the on a of 1 1 8 for the a a of S an o en o fr m c tr ct 5 f c de L r z . Michael An gelo did n ot receive n otice of this un til the squads of workmen sen t t o replace him arrived at a an a H e e P e . e i tr s t f lt cru lly hurt .

do n ot la e the a na he a for the I b m C rdi l , s id , ee ea a e o e o not a e a thr y rs I h v l st h re . I d bl me him b c use am n e o e S an o o o t I rui d v r this L ren zo w rk. I d no blame him for t he very great affron t which I have received in e n m e o on an d en in a n th m givi g this c mmissi th t ki g , it a a t . do no e en no o not a e w y I v k w why . I d bl m him for all I have lost and spent An d n ow the matter m ay b e summed up as foll ows the Pope L eo takes over again the quarry with the cut blocks t he money I have — — in han d 5 00 ducats remains min e an d they give m e ” 1 e my lib rty .

It was n ot his protectors whom Michael Angelo ought t o a e a e — it was e an d he e n e . h v ccus d hims lf , w ll k w it a was the sad a of H e o a a n e Th t p rt it . str ve g i st hims lf . a had he a o e e een 1 1 and 1 20 en Wh t cc mplish d b tw 5 5 5 , wh in the fulness of his strength and overflowing with

1 ’ e e 1 20 . Mil i s n anes e o . L tt rs , 5 ( diti , p

SHATTERED STRENGTH

— ‘ en P the e e of t he of S a a g ius lif l ss Christ Church . M ri — S opra Minerva a work by M ichael An gelo in which ae n e o a en o eo e he o l n o Mich l A g l is bs t M r v r , c u d t even ? complete it o 1 1 t o 1 20 n e e o n a Fr m 5 5 5 , duri g th s cl si g ye rs of the ea en a an e e o e the o e e n gr t R iss c , b f r v rwh lmi g disasters w we e t o an en d t o the n e of a hich r put spri gtim It ly , a ae had a n e t he o e the n en o o o R ph l p i t d L ggi , I c di di B rg , the arnesin a a a e an d a e e e of e e descri F P l c , m st rpi c s v ry p on had the a a a e e e the n ti ; built Vill M d m , dir ct d buildi g ’ of Pe the ex a a on the etes an d th a n . e e St t r s , c v ti s , f , r isi g of monuments ; had governed over art and founded a f a i An n t school o innumer ble pup ls . d i he midst of this ? triumphant work he had died

The e ne of ll on the e a a e bitt r ss his disi usi s , d sp ir c us d by o a ne o e and a o en are e e e in l st d ys , rui d h p s br k will r fl ct d the melancholy Works of the following period the tombs of the Medicis and the n ew statues for the mausoleum 3 of Julius II . The ee hae n e o who all e was a n fr Mic l A g l , his lif p ssi g t o ano had C an e a e o one o e e . fr m y k th r , h g d his m st r ’ a na de e who oon e a e o e n e C rdi l Julius M dici , s b c m P p u d r

1 Michael An gelo en tru sted th e completion of this Chr ist

t o u n u e o U an o wh a e . e e his skilful p pil , Pi r rb , o mutil t d it (L tt r o S e a an o del o o t o ae n e o S e e e 6 fr m b sti Pi mb Mich l A g l , pt mb r , Th e o r of o e e a e th e a a e as sculpt r F izzi , R m , r p ir d d m g s we as was o e ll p ssibl . All these tr ou bles did not preven t Michael An gelo from looki n g f On or fresh tasks t o add t o those which were crushin g him . O o e 20 1 1 h e n e th e e on of th e a e an ct b r , 5 9 , sig d p titi Ac d mici s of o en e t L e e n th e e a ns of an e b e Fl r c o o X . b ggi g that r m i D t brou ght from Ravenna t o Florence ; an d h e offered t o rais e ” t o th e e of hi m m mory of th e divine poet a monument worthy . 3 6 1 20 . April , 5 3 “ Th e on e o C qu r r . 62 THE LIFE OF MICHAEL ANGELO

en . ei n e o e o 1 20 t he name of Clem t VII , r g d v r him fr m 5 t o 1 5 34 . e on e en o Critics have been very sever Cl m t VII . D ubt e a l e e Po e he e t o a e ar t an d less , lik l th s p s , wish d m k a e artists the servants of his f mily prid . But Michael ea on for o ai nin of No An gelo had n o great r s c mpl g him . Not one of the o e o Pope loved him so much . P p s sh wed ? a more constan t an d passion ate in terest in his work Not one of e n e oo e e ea n e of th m u d rst d b tt r his w k ss will , a n nee b e e en e a a n e an d r e t ki g , if d , his d f c g i st hims lf p o a n ene e in a n en ven ting him fr m w sti g his rgi s v i . Ev after the revolt of Florence an d the rebellion of Michael n e o e en in n o wa C n e in o on A g l , Cl m t y ha g d his disp siti ? towards him But it did n ot depen d upon him t o a e the e e e e e and ea appe s disqui tud , f v r , p ssimism d dly on e ea ea a melancholy which c sum d this gr t h rt . Wh t sign ified the person al kindness of a master ? H e was always a master

e e t he Po e a ae n e o a e I s rv d p s , s id Mich l A g l l t r , but ” 3 s n e o on it wa u d r c mpulsi .

What signified a little glory and one or two fine works P That was so far removed from what he h ad dreamed !

“ And old a e w s o o And e n g a c ming n . verythi g

1 I n 1 5 26 Michael An gelo was t o write t o him on ce a week 3 ” H e a o es e er i n ou d o w o e S e a an o del i o o d r v yth g y , r t b sti P mb

t o ae n e o . H e l o e as as o e t o o e Mich l A g l v s much it is p ssibl l v . H e ea of ou so ono a an d wi so a fe on sp ks y h ur bly , th much f cti , that a father woul d not say of his son al l that h e says o f you 2 1 ou wo o e t o o e ou o (April 9 , 5 If y uld c m R m , y c uld — b e anythi n g you liked du ke or king Y ou would have ou a e in a a of w ou ar e t h e a e an d y r sh r this p p cy , hich y m st r , w w ou can do w e t a ou k . e e e 1 i h hich y h t y li (D c mb r 5 , 5 I n ea n e e a e ents we in t ake a ow r di g th s st t m , must , ruth , m ll ’ an e for S e a an o d el Piom b o s ene an o en for a in c b sti V ti pr p sity bo st g . 3 Letter fr om Michael Angelo t o his n ephew Leonardo

64 THE LIFE OF MICHAEL ANGELO

Michael Angelo ab andoned his house and refused ’ ? n VI I s a o an e H e was a n o Cleme t . ll w c p ssi g thr ugh The e of of o a e en . a fresh period disc ur g m t h irs Julius II . c ould not pardon him for havin g ab andon ed the work he had commen ced ; they threatened him with legal on e o a th ea of a proceedings an d questi d his l y lty . At e id lawsuit Michael An gelo lost his head his conscien ce t old — him that his adversaries were in the right that h e h ad o n en a e en ee e t o a was br ke his g g m ts . It s m d him th t it ’ o for t o a e e n S one n imp ssible him cc pt Cl me t VII . m y u til he had returned that which he had received from

Julius II .

? o n o on e e n o on e he o e H e I w rk l g r , I liv l g r , wr t entreated the Pope t o interven e with the heirs of in o e t o a t o a e e n he Julius II . rd r ssist him p y v rythi g o e e w d th m .

e e e n do an n n e e a t o I will s ll v rythi g , ythi g c ss ry ” a o e on cc mplish this r stituti .

Or else he asked t o b e allowed t o devote himself entirely t o the monumen t of Julius II

The carrying ou t of this obligation is dearer t o m e than

the o a o e en die he At th ught th t , sh uld Cl m t VII . , o b e a an one t o ene e he e a e e a w uld b d d his mi s , b c m lik ee n and e a n child , w pi g d sp iri g

If the -Pope leaves me there I can n o longerremain in o no n ot a a n a e this w rld I k w wh t I m writi g . I h v 3 o e e o hea c mpl t ly l st my d .

1 a M rch 1 5 24 . 3 e e o ae n e o t o o ann S na a en of t he L tt r fr m Mich l A g l Gi v i pi , g t

o e . 1 P p (April 9 , 3 e e om ael n e o Fa u c i o t t t c . t o e 2 1 2 L tt r fr Mich A g l (Oc b r 4, 5 M ONUM ENT OF LOR ENZO D E ’ M ED I CI

M edi i Ch a e S an L or en z o F or en e c p l , , l c

66 THE LIFE OF MICHAEL ANGELO

o a an e Pope as much as I was able . But I sh uld rr g my ” 1 e affairs in consequenc .

P n e he e ne t o the a e ushed hard by ec ssity , r tur d ch rg

e i on see how the o e After careful refl ct , I much P p has this S an Lorenzo work at heart ; and since his of own a o an e m e an a o an e Holiness , his cc rd , gr t d ll w c , with the obj ect of giving me greater l eisure for servin g o on b e e a di n the o him promptly , it w uld ly r t r g w rk if I a e e e o e an e n were t o refuse it . I h v , th r f r , ch g d my mi d , t o ask for for o e ea on an an d I n ow write it , m r r s s th I a n ou e m e o n n o the da can expl i . Will y giv it , c u ti g fr m y on which it was gran ted P Tell m e at what momen t ” 3 you would like m e t o take it .

But they wished t o give him a lesson they turned a an Two on a e he had deaf ear t o his dem ds . m ths l t r still

no n . or e an on e a e n e e received thi g M th c , ft r writi g th s he o e t o ask for a o an e t wo e e was . l tt rs , blig d his ll w c

o n e on n a he o e on . H e W rryi g hims lf c ti u lly , w rk d complained that these cares were trammels on his a na on im gi ti .

Worries may have a great effect on m e On e ’ cann ot work with one s han ds at one thin g an d with ’ t on e ea a an o e e e a in l e . e sa s h d th r , sp ci lly scu ptur Th y y that this serves t o spur m e on but I con ten d that the oa a b ad one an d m a n in the o o e e on g d is y tur pp sit dir cti . It is already more than a year S ince I have received an a o an e and e a a n o e am e ll w c I struggl g i st p v rty . I v ry

1 e e o ae n e t o an 1 2 . L tt r fr m Mich l A g lo Giov ni S pin a . ( 5 4 ’ Mil an esi s e on diti , p . 3 e e o ae n e o t o o ann S na u 2 L tt r fr m Mich l A g l Gi v i pi . (Aug st 9 , I 5 25 ) SHATTERED STRENGTH 67

a on e in the of f ul e and much l , midst my di fic ti s , I have so an of e a e o me o e an ar t m y th m th t th y ccupy m r th my . My means do n ot permit m e t o have any one t o serve m ” 1 e .

n o a Cleme t VII . sh wed that he w s s ometimes touched f e n H e af on a by his su f ri gs . fecti tely expressed hi s sympathy and assured him of his favour as long as he ” 3 the n a o of th lived . But i cur ble friv lity e Medici got the e an an d n ea of e e n of a of upp r h d , , i st d r li vi g him p rt wo h e a e e o on a on his rk , g v him fr sh c mmissi s , m gst o e on e for an a o o t he ea of th rs bsurd C l ssus , h d which ? would have been a steeple an d the arm a Chimn ey Michael An gelo had t o occupy himself for some time with o ea H e was al o on an n this curi us id . s c st tly struggli g w o en a on and a e o e a n ith his w rkm , m s s c rt rs , wh m c rt i — person s precursors of the modern advoc ates of an — ? eight hours day en deavoured t o en tice from their work At the same time his domestic troubles did n othing n ea e a e as he e o e e a e o e but i cr s . His f th r , gr w ld r , b c m m r a e an d n On e da he oo n o ea irrit bl u just . y t k it i t his h d t o flee o o en e a n son of a n en fr m Fl r c , ccusi g his h vi g driv o th o was on a o a on ha him fr m e h use . It th t cc si t t 5 Michael Angelo wrote him the following admirable letter

e ea a e was e e e e a not V ry d r f th r , I v ry surpris d y st rd y to find ou at o e an d n ow a ea n a ou y h m , th t I l r th t y

1 e e ae n e o t o F at t u cci . O o e 2 1 2 L tt r from Mich l A g l ( ct b r 4 , 5 3 et e o e ao o a on e a of e en . L t r fr m Pi r P l M rzi , b h lf Cl m t VII , t o 1 2 ae n e o . e e e 2 Mich l A g l (D c mb r 3, 5 ’ 3 Milanesi s e on e O e e 1 2 . L tters from ctober t o D ec mb r 5 5 ( diti , pp . 448 4 e e o e n e t o Fatt u cci . ne 1 L tt r fr m Micha l A g lo (Ju 7 , ’ 5 I n Mil anesi s Henry Thode d ates this letter about 1 5 2 1 . e dition it figures (wron gly) u nder t h e date 1 5 1 6 . 68 THE LIFE OF MICHAEL ANGELO

m and sa a a e en ou a a complain of e y th t I h v driv y w y , I o the da of am all the more aston ished . Fr m y my birth un til n ow I am certain of n ever havin g had the inten tion t o n ea or a ea e ou . of doing an ythi g , gr t sm ll , displ s y All the difficulties which I have supported I have ever supported through my love for you I have ever taken your part But a few days ago I told an d o e ou a as on as e o e o e all pr mis d y th t , l g I liv d , I sh uld d v t ou : an d a a n a e a o e my strength t o y I g i m k th t pr mis . I am astoun ded that you have so soon forgotten all a For the a ea ou an d o on a e th t . p st thirty y rs y y ur s s h v m e Y ou n o a a e e e een oo t o ou e e . t st d k w th t I h v v r b g d y , o in o an d in ee H ow as far as was a e . I bl , b th th ught d d can y ou go ab out repeating everywhere that I have driven you away ? Do you n ot see what a reputation y ou are giving m e ? Nothin g more n ow is wan tin g t o a e o e o e e and all e e o e m k my tr ubl s c mpl t , th s tr ubl s I o o o e for ou e n ee do supp rt thr ugh my l v y W ll , i d d , t t o r you reward m e ! But so l e it b e . I wish pe suade myself that I have n ever ceased t o cause you a e an d do ou a and ask o a on as o sh m y h rm , I y ur p rd th ugh ha o o a on as ou o a son who as I d d ne s . P rd me y w uld h always lived an evil life and done you all the harm that o e in o n e o e b e ou t o a o is p ssibl this w rld . O c m r I g y p rd n m e e a am do n ot a e me of “ a n , wr tch th t I . But ccus h vi g en ou o o e for e a on ea e t o m e driv y fr m h m , my r put ti is d r r an ou r I of i m a e a a e . n e e e n a o th y w r spit v ryth g , I y ur ” son .

S O much love an d humility disarmed the embittered n of t o m o mi d he ld an for but a momen t . S me time after a he a e so of a n o e e w rds ccus d his n h vi g r bb d him . Micha l 1 n e o n t o the o e t o as o ow A g l , stu g quick , wr t him f ll s

1 e un e Lett rs . (J

DESPAIR

ilm e Oilm e son a o . O , , ch i tr dit

UNIVERSAL disgust of things an d of himself threw him o the e o on o e ou t in o en e in in t R v luti , which br k Fl r c

1 5 27 . Up t o that time Michael Angelo h ad S hown in p olitical matters the same indecision of min d from which he ever an i ar t e e he suffered in his life d n his . N v r did succeed in con ciliating his person al opinion s with his obligation s n wa o a the e . o e en s o eo e t w rds M dici This vi l t g ius , m r v r , ever timid in action he would not run t he risk of strugglin g again st the powerful on es of this world on the of o an e on e e S o t o groun d p litics d r ligi . His l tt rs h w him have been ever an xious over himself an d the memb ers of a ea n t o o o e e an d en n his f mily , f ri g c mpr mis hims lf d yi g t he b old words which he s ometimes uttered in a first ? movement of in dign ation again st som e act of tyran n y At every moment he was writin g t o his family t o tell them t o a e a e t o ee en an d flee at t he a a t k c r , k p sil t , first l rm . — Act as y ou would in plague time b e the first t o

1 “ oe P ms , xlix . 3 Letter of S eptember 1 5 1 2 on th e subj ect of what h e h ad . said about t h e sack of Prato by th e I m periau x allies of t he

Medici . DESPAIR 71

flee Life is worth more than fortune Remain in ea e a e no ene on e in n o one a e God p c , m k my , c fid s v , an d sa n e e oo nor e of an on e for we no y ith r g d vil y , k w n ot the en d of n o thi gs . Occupy y urself solely over your ” 1 n e e e n o n busi ss M ddl with thi g .

His brothers and frien ds laughed at his disquietude ? and said that he was crazy

11 01 13 11 11 at m e e e the a ened DO 8 , r pli d s dd Michael ” 3 n e o on e o n ot t o a at an one A g l ught l ugh y .

e e was n o n n ee t o a o e in the er Th r thi g , i d d , l ugh v r p et u al a a i on of ea m an H e was a e t p git t this gr t . r th r o b e e for e e n e e a e the piti d his wr tch d rv s , which m d him of e o a a n he e in a n victim t rr rs g i st which struggl d v i . All the o e e was du e t o on e o e n o e e m r m rit him , r c v ri g fr m th s a n a a for o n o an d n humili ti g tt cks , f rci g his sick b dy mi d t o a e the an e o was im f c d g r , fr m which it his first t o fle o eo h ha o e ea on t o ea e e . e e d puls M r v r , m r r s f r an ano e for he was o e n e en an d th th r , m r i t llig t , , with his e o oo he saw t oo ea the p ssimistic utl k , but cl rly mis t o a o ne e e a o t o a on a . e f rtu s which w r b ut f ll It ly But , h v a o e e n a a as he was t o b e awn ll w d hims lf , tur lly timid , dr in to the Fl orentine Revolution he must have been at the

e of e a e ea e the o o of o . h ight d sp ir , which r v l d b tt m his s ul ’ ae n e o o so o o e e hi n Mich l A g l s s ul , tim r usly r tir d wit as an We see o the e w a en e . its lf , rd tly r public this fr m e o in on en a or e e o en fi ry w rds which , c fid ti l f v rish m m ts , o e e e a e o hi m a ul a in the con s m tim s sc p d fr m , p rtic rly 4 v ersations which he had later with his friends Luigi

1 r S e e e 1 Letter from Michael An gelo t o B u ona rot o . ( pt mb r 3 n e t o am n ot n an e as o u e e e . ae o I i s , y b li v (Mich l A g l B u on arr ot o S e e e 1 , pt mb r , 5 3 ae e n arr S e e e and O o e 1 1 2 Mich l Ang lo t o B u o ot o . ( pt mb r ct b r 5 4 ' I n I 5 4 . m i 5 72 THE L IFE OF MICHAEL ANGELO

1 l o n on o Pet r eo an d on a o ann o an d de Ricci , A t i D t Gi tti , which the last n amed reproduced in his Di alogues on ” 2 The en e e e a on t h e Divi n e Comedy . fri ds xpr ss d st ish men t that Dan te should have placed Brutus an d Cassius of e an d ae a a o e ae in the last degree H ll C s r b v . Mich l o e one on the o n o e in a o of An gel qu sti d p i t , sp k f v ur tyrann icide

ou had a en e ea the an o he a If y tt tiv ly r d first c t s , s id , you would have seen that Dan te knew the n ature of on t oo e an d a n en e tyrants ly w ll , wh t pu ishm ts th y o e e o God a d m an H e a e deserved t rec iv fr m n . pl c s them amon g those who have been vi olen t again st their ’ n e o an d n e e in the e en e ighb ur , pu ish s th m s v th circl by plunging them i nt o b oilin g blood Since Dan te e o n e a o e t o a a he r c g is d th t , it is imp ssibl dmit th t did n ot recognise that Caesar was the tyran t of his coun try and at an d a s t o a a e th Brutus C s ius did right m ss cr him . F or e who a an t n ot a m an a ea h kills tyr , kills but b st an a an ar e e o of the o with hum f ce . All tyr ts d v id l ve which every on e ought t o n aturally feel for his n eigh o e ar e e e of an n na on b ur . Th y d priv d hum i cli ti s ; they ar e n o on e e e o e m n e ha e . e l g r , th r f r , but brut s T t th y o e n o o e for e n e o e en o e e p ss ss l v th ir ighb ur is vid t , th rwis e o n ot a e a en a e on e t o o e th y w uld h v t k wh t b l g d th rs , an d would n ot have b ecome tyran ts by trampli ng others

1 It was for Don ato Gi an notti that Michael An gelo mad e t h e f ‘ A a o . few ea e o e th e o e in 1 6 bust Brutus y rs b f r Di l gu , 5 3 , ’ e an o d e e h ad een a a n a e o en n o wh o Al ss dr M dici b ss ssi t d by L r zi , was a e as ano e h il d th r Brutus . 3 ’ ’ ’ D e giorn i ch e D ante con sumo n el c ercare l I n fer no e l ” a o Th e n Purg t rio . e qu stion discussed by th e fri e ds con cern ed ' th e n e f a n e n e Was it o umb r o d ys Da te S p n t i H ll . fr m Friday t o S a a e en n or o a e en n t o S u n a turd y v i g , fr m Thursd y v i g d y o n n ? e h ad e o e t o ae n e o who n ew m r i g Th y r c urs Mich l A g l , k ’ an e wo e e an n n e D t s rk b tt r th a y o .

74 THE LIFE OF MICHAEL ANGELO went t o inspect the citadel of Pisa and the basti ons of o In ul an d he was en Arezzo an d Legh rn. J y August s t t o Ferrara t o examine the famous defen ces there an d — a ea a o on o a on con fer with the Duke gr t uth rity f rtific ti s . Michael An gelo recognised that the most importan t o n of o en e was the i of S an n a o strategical p i t Fl r c h ll Mi i t , so he decided t o make this positi on secure by mean s of — on — we no not he met o o b asti s . But why k w with pp o the on a on e e a on who o t o siti ou fr m g f l i r C pp i , s ught ? o o en e ae n e o e n remove him fr m Fl r c Mich l A g l , susp cti g Capponi and the Medi cean party of wishing t o get rid of in o e t o e en the e en e of the C oo him , rd r pr v t d f c ity , t k up at S an n a o an d o e n ot an n hi s quarters Mi i t m v d i ch . But his unhealthy distrust welcomed all t he rumours of

ea on hi e e a e in a e e e t own ‘ an d tr s w ch v r circul t b si g d , hi o a i on e e on t oo e o n e on . which , t s cc s , w r ly w ll f u d d a on e e had een e a e as on a on e e C pp i , susp ct d , b r pl c d g f l i r by

’ Fran cesco Carducci b ut they had appointed condotti ere an d governor -gen eral of the Fl oren tine troops the dis e n a a e a a on who was a e t o e e qui ti g M l t st B gli i , l t r d liv r t n an f t o ae n e o he city i to the h ds o he P pe . Mich l A g l o e a the e an d o ni a e ea t o the f r s w crim , c mmu c t d his f rs e n o The on a on e e a n ea of an S ig i ry . g f l i r C rducci , i st d th k in e an e hi n ul n he e oa e g him , r prim d d m i s ti gly ; r pr ch d ” 3 a a n o an of ea him with lw ys bei g suspici us d full f r . ’ a a e a ea of a n o en n a on m an M l t st h rd Mich el A gel s d u ci ti . A of hi s stamp stuck at n othing t o get rid of a d angerous a e a an d as en e a -in - e he was all - o e dv rs ry , , g r l chi f , p w rful in o en e a o a he was o Fl r c . Mich el Angelo th ught th t l st .

was o e e e e ne he o e t o a a I , h w v r , d t rmi d , wr t , w it

1 n a co n t c e o onfiden ces of a n e o . Busi i , c rdi g Mich l A g l 3 ” on An d . e a n a on h e wo C divi c rt i ly , dds C divi , uld a e on e we t o l en t o t h e oo a e for w en th e e h v d ll ist g d dvic , h M dici ” e u n e h e was e ea e r t r d b h d d . TH E E R H R Y T E AN S YB I L

F r m o the S ist in e Chapel

76 THE LIFE OF MICHAEL ANGELO

“ a He e a he was not et su fli cientl far Giudecc . f lt th t y y a a ea was t o flee t o an e On the e w y . His id Fr c v ry day of his arrival in Ven ice he sen t an an xious an d t o a a e a Pa a the a en w o trembling letter B ttist d ll ll , g t h m had a o n e in an e for the a e of Fran cis I . pp i t d Fr c purch s f r t works o a .

a a e ea en he o e a e e B ttist , v ry d r fri d , wr t , I h v l ft o t o o t o an e an d on ea n en e Fl rence g Fr c , , r chi g V ic , I t o th o e e e m e a a n e as e . have m de i quiri s r ut Th y t ll th t , t o o e e a o e e an e o e g th r , I must p ss v r G rm t rrit ri s , which a f for m e Do ou n en is dangerous nd dif icult . y still i t d t o go there P I b eg you t o inform m e an d say where o m e t o a for ou e a e you w ul d like w it y . W will tr v l t ogether I b eg you t o reply t o m e on receiving e e an d as oon as o e for am n n this l tt r s p ssibl , I bur i g with t o o And ou n o on e t o o a e e e e . d sir g th r if y l g r wish g , e m e so a m a e e o a m a t o o t ll , th t I y d cid , c st wh t it y , g on al e .

The en a a o in en e a a e dc ai Fr ch Amb ss d r V ic , L z r B f , a en e t o e t o an an d t o t he onn é a e h st d writ Fr cis I . C t bl de on o en e n e t o o t he o or M tm r cy , pr ssi g th m pr fit by pp t u n it t o a a a n o o o of an e y tt ch Mich el A gel t the C urt Fr c . The K ing immediately offered Michael Angelo an allowan ce an d a o e a a h us . But this exchange of lett ers n tur lly ’ oo a e a n e an d en an of e a e the t k c rt i tim , wh Fr cis f r c m a had a ea e ne o o n rtist lr dy r tur d t Fl re ce . e e e h the His f v rish xcitemen t ad abated . Amidst S ilen ce of Giudecca he had had the leisure t o blush at

ea - n in his f r . His flight had produced a great sen satio o en e On e Fl r c . S ptember 30 the Seigniory decreed that all who had fled o b e an e as e e n e e sh uld b ish d , r b ls , u l ss th y

1 e e o ae n e o a e a S e e L tt r fr m Mich l A g l t o B ttista d lla Pall . ( pt m b er 2 5 , DESPAIR 77

ne e o e o e On retur d b f r Oct b r 7 . this date the fugitives were declared t o b e rebels an d their property was con ’

fiscat ed . o e e ae n e o na e n H w v r , Mich l A g l s m did ot y et t T e e appear on he list . h S igniory gran ted him a further e a an d the o en ne a a o in e a a d l y , Fl r ti Amb ss d r F rr r , Galeotto

' n n o e t he Re ub lic a a Giug i , i f rm d p th t Mich el Angelo had ea of the e ee t oo a e and a he a h rd d cr l t , th t w s ready t o e n e o a on Th r tur if th y w uld p rd him . e S eigniory pr o m ised an d the an of the a e - , by h d m rbl cutter Bastiano an e o en a a e on t o en e a di Fr c sc s t s f c duct V ic . B stian o at the same time han ded Michael An gelo t en letters from ? en all of o o e t o e fri ds , wh m impl r d him r turn One of e was an a ea of o e for the a e an th m pp l , full l v f th rl d , from t n o a a e a a he ge er us B ttist d lla P ll .

o en W o n on of o n o All y ur fri ds , ith ut disti cti pi i n , ” ’ w o e a n and a n e o e he wr ot e ith ut h sit ti g with si gl v ic , , e o ou t o e n in o e t o e e e o e xh rt y r tur , rd r pr s rv y ur lif , o o n o en o o e an d o y ur c u try , y ur fri ds , y ur pr p rty y ur on o as e as t o en o the n ew e ou so h ur , w ll j y tim s which y ” a en rd tly desired .

H e believed that the golden age had returned for ” o en e and o e n ot a t he oo a e ha Fl r c , d ubt d th t g d c us d the n o na e m an a th e . e e e n triumph d But u f rtu t , ft r r tur of the e was t o b e one of the of the M dici , first victims ea o r cti n. o a e ae An e o t o a e n His w rds c us d Mich l g l m k up his mi d . The ul o e n e o for a a e a sc pt r r tur d , but sl wly ; B ttist d ll a a who had on e t o a t o ee a e an P ll , g Lucc m t him , w it d m y days for him an d at last began t o despair of ever s eeing ? a on o e e 20 ae n e o re-en e e him At l st , N v mb r , Mich l A g l t r d

1 October 3 rn to etu n H e w o e e e e lo . r t him fr sh l tt rs , imp i g him r r 78 THE LIFE OF MICHAEL ANGELO

? Florence On the 23r d his senten ce of banishmen t was e n o was e e a the an nulled by the S ig i ry , but it d cid d th t ? Grand Coun cil should b e closed t o him for three years o a e H Henceforth Michael Angel did his duty br v ly . e o at S an n a o the en e wen t back t o his p st Mi i t , which my on H e a a n o had been b ombarding for a m th . g i f rtified th n en e new en n es of war an d a e hill , i v t d gi , , it is s id , saved the Campanile by protecting it with b ales of wool 3 The a an d mattresses suspen ded by cords . l st trace which we have of his activity during the siege is a piece of n e of e a 22 1 0 e e ws F bru ry , 5 3 , which d scrib s him C n on t o the o e of the a e a e e t o limbi g d m C th dr l , ith r observe the movemen ts of the enemy or t o inspect the on o a c dition of the cup l . o e e t he o ne he had o e een H w v r , misf rtu s which f r s o On 1 0 a a e a a on e e . 2 ccurr d August , 5 3 , M l t st B gli a th n a a e on the e e e e . o e e b tr y d city Fl r c c pitul t d tw lfth , and the e o an e o e t o th e a a o a Emp r r h d d it v r p p l c mmiss ry , a o an I n the o a o en the e e n e . B cci V l ri . Th x cuti s b g

1 o a e o e a owan e h ad een u re e F ur d ys b f r , his ll c b s pp ss d by the S e n o ig i ry . 3 According t o a letter from Michael An gelo t o S ebastiano d el o o h e h ad a t h e o n Pi mb lso t o pay a fin e of I 5 00 ducats o t C mmu e . 3 “ When t h e Pope Clemen t an d t h e S pan iards besi eged ” o en e e a e ae n e o t o an of o an t h e Fl r c , r l t d Mich l A g l Fr cis H ll d , en emy were lon g arrested by th e machin es which I h ad con e on th e owe n e n e e t h e e e o f struct d t rs . O ight I co v r d xt ri r o t h e wa w h a o f woo on an o e h ad en e lls it s cks l ; th r , I tr ch s dug an d e w ow e a n h ad e o n fill d ith p d r to burn t h e C stilia s . I th ir t r

' e e own n o t he air e e t h at is w a a n n m mb rs bl i t Th r , h t p i ti g is good for ! It is goo d for machin es an d i n str umen ts o f war ; it is good for givin g bombardes an d arquebuses a con ven i en t form ; it is good for buildin g bridges an d ladd ers ; it is esp ecially oo for t h e an and o o on of o e e a on g d pl s pr p rti s f rtr ss s , b sti s , ’ en e n e an d o n e n e an of o an tr ch s , mi s , c u t rmi s (Fr cis H ll d s a o ue n i f o a n n n the o o e . i a Di l g P i ti g City R m Th rd p rt ,

80 THE LIFE OF MICHAEL ANGELO

him ! It is not without reason that he was t o devote the whole of the en d of his life t o the work of raisin g a o superhuman monumen t t o the Ap ostle Peter . M re an on e e he a e e on ea n the th c , lik him , must h v w pt h ri g f o crowing o the c ck . o n o n e e t o a e n a a o an d F rced i t lyi g , r duc d fl tt ri g V l ri o a n a o en o e of n o he was t celebr ti g L r z , Duk Urbi , n hr e consumed with sorrow a d S hame . H e t w him ? e n o o n o all e e a e s lf i t his w rk , put i t it his us l ss r g H e n ot a e t he e a e e e en n did c rv M dici , but st tu s r pr s ti g a en the a of e e an e in or his desp ir . Wh l ck r s mbl c his p ’ traits oi Julian and Lorenzo de Medici was p oin ted ou t t o he e e e Who see t en cen him , sup rbly r pli d , will it t uries hen ce P On e of them he called Action the “ o e o an d the a e of the e e a th r , Th ught st tu s p d st l “ “ o e a o en — Da an d which f rm d c mm tary f y Night , — Dawn an d Twilight express all th e exhaustin g n of a f e e sufferi g life n d his disdain o all things . Th s immortal symb ols of human s orrow were finished in

1 n e e a e ea t h e a e of e ae Duri g th s s m y rs , d rk st his lif , Mich l n e o o a a a e ea on of n a e a a n t h e A g l , thr ugh s v g r cti his tur g i st an e w e e e e o e wo Christi p ssimism hich stifl d him , x cut d s m rks no ewo for e a a o a an as e a t rthy th ir ud ci us p g ism , such his L d a e e th e S wan 1 2 w a n e for t h e c r ss d by ( 5 9 hich , p i t d e of e a a en en ae n e o t o n on o Duk F rr r , th giv by Mich l A g l his pupil A t i n was a en th e a e t o an e w e e was e o e Mi i , t k by l tt r Fr c , h r it d str y d , it a a o 1 6 S e d es No e ow n t o l as is s id , b ut 43, by ubl t y rs , i g its Ci s v iou ness . A lit tle lat er Michael An gelo pain ted for Bartolommeo ” e n a a oon of en a e e o w B tti i c rt V us c r ss d by Cupid , fr m hich on o o a n e a i n ffiz i O e e w t h e U . P t rm p i t d pictur , hich is th r aw n r an o e and e e e in e n e en o a dr i gs , g di s s v r th ir i d c cy , pr b bly e on t o t h e a e e a e an e e on e of b l g s m p riod . h rl s Bl c d scrib s “ C e in whi we see th e an o of o f a a e th m , ch tr sp rts j y o r vish d wo an who e a a n h er on e a e m , struggl s lustily g i st str g r r vish r , but n ot without e xpressin g an i n volun tary feelin g of happiness ” an d e prid . TH E L I BYAN S YB I L

F r om th e Si st i ne Ch apel

82 THE L IFE OF MICHAEL ANGEL O thinks that he h as robbed you of m e does n ot benefit by f ea ea Th his great crime because o his gr t f r . e fuln ess of

e e n e e e a e o t o o e pleasur , which xti guish s d sir , is l ss j y l v rs ” 1 e of o e . than mis ry , which is full h p

We must try t o imagin e wh at the s ack of Rome an d the fall of Floren ce mean t t o the men of those days the of e— the o e e of a a bankruptcy justic m st t rribl c t clysms .

Man y n ever recovered from it . Men like S eb astiano del Piomb o b ecame laughingly a sceptic l .

I a e ea e a o n a for all I a e t he h v r ch d such p i t th t , c r , a at e world may come t o an en d . I l ugh verything It does n ot seem t o m e th at I am still the Bastiano I was ” 2

I anno e o e e . before t he sack . c t r c v r mys lf

n e o o of o n Michael A g l th ught c mmitti g suicide .

e e e e t o l one e o If v r it is p rmissibl kil s lf , it w uld in deed b e just that this right should belon g t o the on e 3 who o of a e in a e an d e , th ugh full f ith , liv s sl v ry mis ry

o o In n 1 His min d was th r ughly upset . Ju e 5 31 he

1 n S ee en v . oe 8 . P ms , cix , 4 ( App dix , )

2 ‘ Letter from S ebasti an o d el Piombo t o Michael Angelo Fe ar 2 1 was t he e e w h e w o e t o ( bru y 4 , 5 It first l tt r hich r t a e h e a of o e God now h ow a a e him ft r t s ck R m . k s gl d I h v een a a e so an e e o e an d an e t h e b th t , ft r m y mis ri s , tr ubl s , d g rs , al l - owe o o e u n e an d h as e p rful L rd , thr ugh his m rcif l ss pity , l ft n an d in oo ea —a u a o in w en us livi g g d h lth tr ly mir cul us th g , h n of Now en a we a e a e o I thi k it , my fri d , th t h v p ss d thr ugh fir e an d wa e and o e n a n a e n let an t r , supp rt d u im gi bl thi gs , us th k God an d spen d th e littl e life which remains t o u s as much as e e n e e posmb l e in r st . W must cou t v ry littl on what Fortu ne f r so w e sh w d o o and a n u e . ill us , ick d p i f l is e e e we e e n e So S e a a e en e Th ir l tt rs r b i g op en d . b sti no r comm d d h ae n e o wh o w s e t o w n a a u e i . Mic l A g l , susp ct , disg is his rit g 3 ” oe S ee en vi . P ms , xxxviii . ( App dix , ii ) DESPAIR 83

e . e en . e in a n t o a ea e f ll ill Cl m t VII tri d v i pp s him . Through his secretary an d S ebastiano del gPiomb o he a e not t o o e o e t o o e a n dvis d him v rw rk hims lf , sh w r str i t , t o o at ea e t o a e a a n ow an d en a w rk his s , t k w lk th , nd n ot 1 e e t o the a e of a a o I reduc hims lf st t l b urer . n the autumn e ea e for e On e of of 1 5 31 th y f r d his lif . his frien ds wrote t o a o ae n e o e en a e an d e a a e V l ri Mich l A g l is xt u t d m ci t d . I spoke ab out him recently with Bugiardin i an d Anton io n and we a e t o the on on a n e h Mi i , c m c clusi th t , u l ss e is e o oo e a e he not e on H e s ri usly l k d ft r , will liv l g . works t oo ea e and adl and ee F much , ts littl b y , sl ps still less . or the past year he has been racked with pains in his head ” 2 an d ea . e en . e a a e and on o e h rt Cl m t VII gr w l rm d , , N v m b er 21 1 1 e a e o n ae n e o , 5 3 , issu d bri f f rbiddi g Mich l A g l , n e a n of e o n a on t o o at an n u d r p i xc mmu ic ti , w rk ythi g e an the a o e of an d a of els th m us l um Julius II . th t the 3 e in o e t o an ea an d b e a M dici , rd r husb d his h lth thus ble ” t o o o e a an d e all the on e gl rify R m , his f mily hims lf l g r . H e protected him against the importunities of m en e a o an d the e a who a o n t o the lik V l ri rich b gg rs , cc rdi g o of o e a a e t o b e for o of art an d cust m th s d ys , c m g w rks on on en e imposed fresh commissi s up him . Wh th y ” ask ou for a e he o e t o ou o t o y pictur , wr t him , y ught a a o h t o o oo a e o o e an d tt ch y ur brus y ur f t , m k f ur str k s , ’ 4 h n H n o e een sa { t e e a e . e e e y , pictur is p i t d i t rp s d b tw

f n s an e e Non v oria ch e v e achi a ti t to . (L tt r ~ C o e ao o a t o ae n e o n e 20 1 . fr m Pi r P l M rzi Mich l A g l , Ju , 5 f

e t e o S e as ano del o o t o ae n e o . n e 1 6 l t r fr m b ti Pi mb Mich l A g l (Ju , 1 5 31 ) 2 a o Letter from Giovanni Battista di Paolo Mini t o V l ri . S e e e 2 ( pt mb r 9 , 3 Ne aliqu o modo l ab orar e deb eas n isi in sepultura

et e a no a a i com misim u s . Op r str , qu m t bi 4 e Le tter from Ben venuto della Volpaja t o Michael An g lo . ( November 84 THE LIFE OF MICHAEL ANGELO

of ho t e e . w e e Michael Angelo and h h irs Julius II , w r 1 I n 1 2 a o on a was b ecoming threaten ing . 5 3 f urth c tr ct signed between t he represen tatives of the Duke of Urbin o an d Michael An gelo on the subj ect of the maus o the a e o n t o a e a n ew o e of the leum , l tt r pr misi g m k m d l 2 e e e in e t o o e e in ee monument , v ry r duc d siz , c mpl t it thr

ea an d t o a all the e en e as e as 2000 a y rs , p y xp s s , w ll duc ts , he had a ea e e e o in view of what lr dy r c iv d fr m Julius II . ” ffi e o e e a ano an d his heirs . It will su c , wr t S b sti o o t o ae n e o a e of o o o del Pi mb Mich l A g l , if littl y ur d ur ” 3 t o adore o n in the o S ad (1m {9 000 del vos r ) is f u d w rk . on on n e in n n e ae n e o was c diti s , si c , sig i g th m , Mich l A g l on e n t o the a e of ea o e an d had c f ssi g f ilur his gr t pr j ct , t o a n o the a ai n ! in o ea t o p y i t b rg But , truth , fr m y r ea was the a e of e the a e of e e t o y r it f ilur his lif , f ilur lif its lf , which Michael Angelo subscribed in each of his despairin g works . th o for -the on n f e e e e o . Aft r pr j ct m um t Julius II , it was that for the t ombs of the Medici which came t o On e e e 1 n e n o n . 2 e e . . thi g S pt mb r 5 , 5 34, Cl m t VII di d — Michael Angelo fortunately for him - was then absen t o en e For a on e a he had e e e from Fl r c . l g tim p st liv d th r ’ in a a e of an e for e e an o de e st t xi ty , Duk Al ss dr M dici

B t or th r in c ’ a hated him . u f e respect which this p e h d 4 for the o e he oul a e ha the o P p w d h v d sculpt r killed .

1 ’ ou h ad n ot th e o e o e on w o e S e a an o f P p s pr t cti , r t b sti I y“ t o him they would dart like serpen ts S alt arian o come e en 1 a 1 s rp t (M rch 5 , 2 a e o e o en e o e u n n e o But six st tu s , s m c mm c d , th rs fi ish d (d ubt ” ” ” e t h e o e t h e o t h e S a e an d t h e e l ss M s s , Vict ry , l v s , figur s of t h e o o o o we e n ow t o b e e e e for t h e a o e B b li gr tt ) r d liv r d m us l um , w was t o b e e e e at S an e o in n o hich r ct d Pi tr Vi c li . 3 e e o S e a an d e L tt r fr m b sti o l Piombo t o Michael An gelo . (April

4 Man v e had e en t o e en ae n e o tim s Cl m t VII . d f d Mich l A g l

DESPAIR 85

His en mity had still further in creased since Michael ’ Angelo s refusal t o con tribute t o the servitude of Florence — by buildin g a fortress t o domin ate t he town an act of o a e w o f en ea in the a of c ur g hich sh ws su fici tly cl rly , c se o o m an the an e of o e for n a this tim r us , gr d ur his l v his tive n e en ae n e o ea e e e n city . Si c th Mich l A g l f r d v rythi g on t he a of the e and he on o e a a on en p rt Duk , ly w d his s lv ti , wh t o th a f e en . e e n e o e n a a Cl m t VII di d , ch c b i g w y from 1 t a o en H o en e a . e n ot e n H e Fl r c th t m m t did r tur . t o s a a l was n ee n e e ee n . was a l o e , i d d , v r it g i It v r with the e a e — it was n e e o e e T M dici ch p l v r c mpl t d . he monu ment we kn ow un der that n ame is but remotely connected the on e ae n e o had a ne a e with which Mich l A g l im gi d . B r ly th e on of t a o a o n Not o e sk let he mur l dec r ti n remai s . n ly 2 had Michael Angelo n ot executed half the statues an d the 3 a n n he had in V e en a e p i ti gs which i w , but wh , l t r , his disciples en deavoured t o discover an d carry ou t his o he was n o on e e en a a e of e n e th ughts , l g r v c p bl t lli g th m 4 e e h a n H e h ad a an one all en e what th s d bee . b d d his t r a o n n prises so completely that he h d forg tte everythi g . a a S e a ano d el o o n n e ew t h e e e an o . g i st his ph , Duk Al ss dr b sti Pi mb e a e t o ae n e o a en e of hi n in w t h e r l t d Mich l A g l sc t s ki d , hich o e o e w e e en e an d e en en in P p sp k ith such v h m c , fury , r s tm t , ”

e so e e a not e e t o w e e own . t rms t rribl , th t it is p rmissibl rit th m d 1 6 (August , 1 Condivi . 2 ae n e o h ad e e e a a e en a e th e Mich l A g l x cut d , p rti lly , s v st tu s ( ’ two o of o en o d U r b in o an d of l en d e N e ou and t mbs L r z Ju i m rs , th e H e en e t h e o a e r e r e Madon na) . h ad n ot comm c d f ur st tu s p en n e whi h e n en e t o a e an d h e a an on e s ti g Riv rs , ch i t d d m k b d d to others th e figu res for t h e tombs of Loren zo t h e Magnificen t ’ and of en o en o o e . Juli , L r z s br th r 3 a a a e ae n e o on a 1 1 6 w a V s ri sk d Mich l A g l M rch 7 5 3, h t his an pl s h ad b een regardin g t h e mural pai ntin gs . 4 It was n ot even kn own where t h e statues already fin ished we e t o b e a e n or w a a ue h e h d n en e t o a e r pl c d , h t st t s a i t d d pl c in t he e I a and ana com n e . n a n a mpty ich s v i did V s ri Amm ti , 86 THE LIFE OF MICHAEL ANGELO

e e 2 1 ae n e o e n e t o On Sept mb r 3, 5 34, Mich l A g l r tur d e a n n a was e e e he was t o e . Rom , wh r r m i u til his d th It - - I twenty one years sin ce he had left it . n these twen ty one years he had made three statues for the un completed n fo f uli u . e en n e a e r the mausoleum o J s II , s v u fi ish d st tu s on en of the e i the n n e un completed m um t M d ci , u fi ish d ” “ of the a en ana the n ni e vestibul e L ur zi , u fi sh d Christ a a a o a ne a the n n e o o of San t M ri s pr Mi rv , u fi ish d Ap ll a o H e had o hea ene a o . for B cci V l ri l st his lth , his rgy , r t an in the a e an H e a o his faith in a d f th rl d . h d l st his 1 o H e h ad o the a e o e favourite br ther . l st f th r wh m h 2 a o To the e o of o he had a e e a d red . m m ry b th ddr ss d oe n n he e e e h n he ad a e for p m (u fi is d , lik v ryt i g did) mir bl its n ote of sorrow and its p assionate yearning after a de th .

Heaven has snatched you from our wretched m o m a e on e wh e e a ea an . ne . ss H v pity , I liv , lik d d Y r a t o a a ou a e de d de th n d have become divine . Y ou n o longer feel the fear of a change of being an d e e can a e of o en e n d sir . I h rdly writ it with ut vy . D sti y an d e n o ul o and e Tim , which bri g us but d ubtf j y sur o ne no on e a e t o o o e o No misf rtu , l g r d r cr ss y ur thr sh ld . cloud obscures your light the course of the hours lays n ot violent hands upon you n ecessity and chan ce guide ot o e o ot o n y ur st ps . Night bscures n your splend ur ; Da o e e e en not y , h w v r bright , h ight s it By thy ea ea a e ea n how t o die ea not d th , d r f th r , I l r D th is , as eo e e e e the o h n for the a da the p pl b li v , w rst t i g , l st y is

’ mi ne u e e wo o o o . t o o e e ae n o ssi d by D k C sm I c mpl t Mich l A g l s rk , m e n d a t o hi . H ou e e e n n e o a pply c ld r m mb r othi g . M m ry ” n a e ou str e m e h e w o e in u u 1 t o mi d h v t ipp d , r t A g st 5 5 7 , awa m e in t h e e w it oth r orld . 1 B u on arr ot o wh e f he a e in o o t u I 2 . , di d pl g 5 8 2 I n u ne J 1 5 34 .

P A R T I I

A B B IGAT I ON

92 THE LIFE OF MICHAEL ANGELO — But the insults of an Aretin o such m en are common — a a ae n o e t o all ages could not re ch Mich l A gel . Th y formed in their hearts a Michelagniolo out of the stuff of ” 1 as a e which their own hearts w m d . ou an ae n e o No No one possessed a purer s l th Mich l A g l . o on e on of o e a one had a more religi us c c pti l v . I h ve ” n ea ea of o e a on an d ofte h rd him sp k l v , s ys C divi , those who were present used t o say that Plato did not F n o t a a o a o e e . or a no spe k th rwis my p rt , I k w wh t Pl t a of n o e in on an d n a e s id it ; but this I k w w ll , my l g i tim t n e o e t a e n e e ea e an i t rc urs wi h him , I h v v r h rd him utt r y the o on o a e o had the ef e of but m st h ur bl w rds , which f ct t ‘ calmin g in youn g m en the in ordin ate desires which ” a a e e git t d th m . But there was n othing literary an d cold i n this Platon ic a was e t o a n of o ide lism . it unit d fre zy th ught which made Michael Angelo the prey of everything which he on e e ea H e ne e an d a c sid r d b utiful . k w this hims lf , s id one day when refusing an invitation from his frien d Giann otti :

When I see a m an who possesses some talen t or gift of n e en e a m an who n o how t o do or t o sa i t llig c , k ws y o e n e e an t he e of the o am con s m thi g b tt r th r st w rld , I a n e t o a in o e an d en e e str i d f ll l v with him , th I giv mys lf so o e e t o a o o on t o e c mpl t ly him th t I n l nger bel g mys lf . Y ou ar e all so highly gifted that if I accepted your n a on o o a of ou o i vit ti I sh uld l se my liberty . E ch y w uld ea a o on of n t an e an the l e st l p rti myself . Eve he d c r d ut a e e e e e in art o l do a e pl y r , if th y w r skill d , c u d wh t th y e m e n ea of e n e e o e a e lik d with I st d b i g r st d , f rtifi d , c lm d o o e o o l b e o n an d e e t o by y ur s ci ty , my s ul w u d . t r disp rs d

1 e e o i ae O o e L tt r fr m M ch l An gelo t o an un kn o wn p erson . ( ct b r ” ’ e Mi n e l a esi s e on . L tt rs , diti , cdxxxv )

94 THE LIFE OF MICHAEL ANGELO

a e in 1 ae n e o e a e ena o e of L t r , 5 33, Mich l A g l b c m m ur d e o o o an d in 1 was the n of e n o F b di P ggi , 5 44 it tur C cchi 1 a en for a a e was n ot e e dei Br cci . His fri dship C v li ri , th r was a o e e e and n e . e an d f r , xclusiv u iqu But it dur bl , it a e t o a e a n e en was reached h ight which , c rt i xt t , justi ’ fied n ot only by the frien d s beauty but by his moral o n bility . ” “ o e fi liuolo o e a son . ea oe c m g , Y urs lik A b utiful p m by Michael An gelo on t h e sorrow of abs en ce an d forgetfuln ess seems t o b e addressed t o him Quite n ear here my love h as ravished e e ea e e e m e ea an d e . o e my h rt lif H r , his b utiful y s pr mis d th ir e e h e n m e e aid an d en w ew . o e h e u n , th ithdr it H r b u d ; h r m e e e a e we an d w n n e o ow a e o n . b u d H r I h v pt , , ith i fi it s rr , I h v een o on e e a t h e on e wh o h as a en m e o s , fr m this st , d p rt t k fr m ” e m e n o n e S ee e an d wh o e o . en mys lf , d sir s l g r ( App dix , xi . ”

oe . P ms , xxxv ) 1 en o e who in wo on ae n e o u nd d as H ry Th d , , his rk Mich l A g l ” n e d er ena an e an no e t he e e of e n E d R iss c , c t r sist d sir d picti g e o in t h e e o ou e en o e e at th e e en e his h r bright st c l rs , v s m tim s xp s of r u a e en for e a o e n an d eb o t th , pl c s his fri dship Gh r rd P ri i F di Poggio in su ch an ord er as t o rise by d egrees t o his fri endship for o a o d ei a a e e au e h e ann o a a ae T mm s C v li ri , b c s c t dmit th t Mich l An gelo could have descend ed from t h e most p erfect l ove t o f a e in ea ae n t h e af e on o o . t e o h ad f cti F b But , r li y , Mich l A g l already been in relation with Cavali eri for more than a year when h e became en amoured of Febo an d wrote him t h e humble e e o f e e e 1 a o n t o o e or of S e e e l tt rs ( D c mb r 5 33 cc rdi g Th d , pt mb r 1 5 34 accordin g t o Frey) an d th e absurd an d ravin g poems in w h e a n t h e wo e o and o o e o . hich pl ys up rds F b P ggi (Fr y , ciii , - e an oe t o w th e n a civ . ) l tters d p ms hich you g sc mp repli ed ’ e an for on e S ee e e i on f th e oe f by d m ds m y . ( Fr y s dit o P ms o ” t e n d ei a t h e n ae n e o . o o e Mich l A g l , p As C cchi Br cci , fri d of ri en d el Riccio Mich ael n e o n ot now his f d Luigi , A g l did k him n en ea a e a a e no was th e son of a u til t y rs ft r C v lieri . C cchi an e o en ne and e e a u e at o e in 1 b ish d Fl r ti , di d pr m t r ly R m 5 44 . I n memory of hi m Michael An gelo wrote for ty-eight fu n er eal e a u of o a ro ea on e can u se t h e a e pigr ms , f ll id l t us id lism , if phr s , and o e f hi ar e ea e e ar e e a s m o w ch e sublim ly b u tiful . Th s p rh ps t h e e n e e e S e gloomiest poems whi ch Micha l A g lo ver wrot . ( e

en . App dix , xii ) LOVE 95

Far a o e all o e o b v th rs , with ut comparison says “ , a a he o e o a o dei a a e V s ri , l v d T mm s C v li ri , a Roman no e a ou n m an e o e t o ar t bl , y g d v t d Michael Angelo e a e - e o a of an d a f dr w lif siz p rtr it him , his first l st , or he abhorred drawin g anything that was n ot of t he utmost a be uty .

Varchi adds

When I saw Messer Tommaso Cavalieri at Rome he was not only of incomparable b eauty but poss essed such a e of anne a n e gr c m r , such disti guish d min d and such

' n o of on a he e e e b ein l oved bility c duct th t w ll m rit d g , ” 1 and all the o e so as one ot t o no m r g k w him .

Michael Angelo m et him in Rome in the autumn of The e e in a a e 1 5 32. first l tt r which C v li ri replies t o Michael ’ Angelo s impassioned declarations is full of dignity : a e e e e a e e o ou has n I h v r c iv d l tt r fr m y , which bee all the ea e t o me e a e was ne e a d r r b c us it u xp cted . I s y unexpected because I do n ot consider myself sufficiently o t o b e en t o a an as ou w rthy writt by m such y . As to a ou a e a in a e and as t o e e o wh t y h v s id my pr is , th s w rks of n e for ou a e m e ou a e e no a l mi , which y ssur y h v f lt sm l a e a e e e not of a na e t o symp thy , I r ply th t th y w r tur — warrant a m an with a genius like yours a geni us such as i not sa o a a a e o a a is , I w ll y with ut p r ll l , but with ut riv l upon earth t o write t o a youn g man who has barely

a e début and who so n o an . ann o e e e m d his is ig r t I c t b li v , o e e a ou lie e e e es am e a n a h w v r , th t y . I b li v , y , I c rt i , th t the affection which you show me has n o other cause than

‘ the o e a a m an e ou who the e on a on l v th t lik y , is p rs ific ti of ar t n e e a a e for o e who e o e e , must c ss rily h v th s d v t th m m on e of o e an d as e e t o r t an . a s lv s a d love it I th s ,

1 ’ en e e o ar chi s D u e l ez z ion i 1 . B d tt V , 5 49 96 THE LIFE OF MICHAEL ANGELO

a e t o n o one a regards love of ar t I give pl c . I mply n— a o ou e e return your affectio th t I pr mise y . N v r a e o e a m an o e an ou ne e a e e e h v I l v d m r th y , v r h v I d sir d a friendship more than yours I b eg y ou t o m ake u se of m e o an o o n o e and e e n a , sh uld pp rtu ity ff r , t r lly o recommen d myself t o y u . o e e o e Y urs v ry d v t dly , THOMAo L IER CAVA I .

Cavalieri seems t o have ever maintained this ton e of an e a e on H e e a ne a respectful d r served ff cti . r m i d f ithful t o ae n e o n a o at he was Mich l A g l u til his l st h ur , which en H e e a ne on en e he was the on pres t . r t i d his c fid c ; ly one who was e e t o a e an n en e o e r put d h v y i flu c v r him , and he possessed the rare merit of havin g always used it ’ for en ene an d an e H e t was wh o his fri d s b fit gr d ur . i made Michael An gelo decide t o complete the wooden model ’ f th o a of e as ho e e o e . H e w e e cup l St . P t r s it w pr s rv d ’ ae n e o an for the on on of the a o Mich l A g l s pl s c structi C pit l , an d who o e at e ea a on H e was n a w rk d th ir r lis ti . it , fi lly , wh o a e the ea of the o saw ha e , ft r d th sculpt r , t t his wish s t were carried ou . ’ But Michael An gelo s friendship for him resembled the a on of o e H e o e en e e e p ssi l v . wr t him fr zi d l tt rs 2 a e e o a o o t o th ddr ss d his id l with his he d b wed d wn e dust .

1 e e n L tt r from Tommaso d ei Cavali eri t o Michael A gelo . an a 1 1 (J u ry , 5 33) 2 S ee especially th e reply which Michael An gelo mad e t o ’ a a e e e o n th e e d a on w h e e e e C v li ri s first l tt r , v ry y hich r c iv d

. an a 1 e e ar e ee o a o f it (J u ry , Th r thr r ugh dr fts this e e al l e i I - t n e e n e e . n a o o o l tt r , f v rish th ir styl p st scriptum o f them Michael An gelo writes It would b e quite p ermissible t o give t h e n ame o f t h e thi n g which on e m an pres en ts t o another wh o receives it ; but o u t o f respect for propri ety it does not a ea in e e e en a in e on pp r this l tt r . It is vid t th t t h e word qu sti was— o e l v .

98 TH E LIFE OF MICHAEL ANGEL O

H e a o en onn e o e e a a e o en ls s t him s ts , s m tim s dmir bl , ft o e an d o e of e e oon e e in e a bscur , s m which w r s r cit d lit r ry 1 Th o o circles an d known all over Italy . e f ll win g sonnet has been styled the finest lyric poem that Italy pro ” 2 duced i n the sixteen th cen tury

o ea e e see a en e h h With y ur b utiful y s I g tl lig t , w ich n o ee a t o my blin d eyes can see no lo ger . Y ur f t ssist m e b ear a load which my crippled feet can support no o n am t o on e . ee a o a e l g r I f l th t , thr ugh y ur mi d , I r is d M i ou M o ea en w en e n r . h v . y ill is c tr d y will y th ughts r n ou a an m in ou r a e formed i y r he rt d y words y bre th . b an don ed t o e am e the oon mys lf , I lik m , which is ” 3 i n visible in t he sky as l on g as the sun shines .

l o e e e a e hi ot e onne one of t he Sti l m r c l br t d is t s h r s t , finest poems which has ever been written in honour of perfect frien dship

a a e o e if a e o e o on an e a If ch st l v , sup ri r d v ti , if qu l o ne e e een two o e e a e in n f rtu xist b tw l v rs , if cru l f t striki g

1 a o en e o n t wo o f e in and e V rchi c mm t d th m public , publish d ” e in D u e L ez z i ni ae n e a e n e e o f th m his o . Mich l A g lo m d o s cr t e H e S e f t n n a his lov . po k o it o Bartolommeo A gioli i and S eb s an d el o N n e a n a en . ti o Pi mbo . o o w s asto ished t such fri dships en e n o d el a e o o a e o e Wh C cchi Br cci di d , Ricci pr cl im d his l v and e a o t h e o e ! en o n a o d sp ir fr m h us tops . Ah fri d D t

h e a . e i ea ae n e e n . s id Our C cchi o is d ad . All Rom is t rs Mich l n e o a n t e w f n f r m e e A g l is m ki g h dra i n g o a mo ument o . I b g o u t o o e a n y c mpos epitaph an d s en d m e a con soli n g l etter . n own e i e e E e My mi d is dr d n s orrow . Pati n c ! ach hour I liv with a thousan d thousan d d ead ! 0 God ! h ow Fortun e h as an e h er a e ! e e t o on a o an n o an a ch g d f c (l tt r D t Gi tti , J u ry ” ea a o an o o f o e in ea I b r th us d s uls l v rs my br st , Michael An gelo makes Cecchi no say in on e o f his funereal epigrams ” ’ o e e e on P ms , Fr y s diti , lxxiii , 2 S ch effler . 3 oe 1 . S ee en . P ms , cix , 9 ( App dix , xiii ) LOVE 99 one e the o e a n e n a n e strik s th r , if si gl mi d , if si gl will o e n t wo ea a o l in t wo o e has e o e g v r s h rts , if s u b di s b c m e e n a ea n o t o ea en on the a e n t r l , b ri g b th h v s m wi gs , if Cupid with a single golden shaft pierces an d burns t he ea of o at on e on e o e the o e an d n e e h rt b th c , if l v s th r ith r o e e o en e e ea e and e o l v s hims lf , if b th c tr th ir pl sur th ir j y in a a n n the a e en d a o an o an o e tt i i g s m , if th us d th us d l v s un dr edth part of the love and faith which n e oul a o e en of e a on e e a e bi ds th m , c d m v m t v x ti v r sh tt r 1 and un tie such a bon d

T o e ne of e a en of o e his f rg tful ss s lf , this rd t gift his wh l e n e e in a of the e o e one was n ot b i g , which m lt d th t b l v d , a wa a ne on e l ys characterised by this seren ity . S d ss c o e ot the e an an d the o o e e o e m r g upp r h d , s ul , p ss ss d by l v , a struggled nd moan ed .

ee n am on e and ea I w p , I bur , I c sum d , my h rt 2 no o urishes itself n its troubles .

Y ou who a a n o e the o of n he h ve t ke fr m m j y livi g , 3 a e e t o a s ys ls where C valieri . To e e o e - a ona e oe a a e the en e th s v r p ssi t p ms , C v li ri , g tl ” 4 an d e o e o o e a an d af e ona e b l v d l rd , Opp s d his c lm f cti t 5 o n o e the e a e a on c ld ess . Secretly he was sh ck d by x gg r ti of en ae n e o a e e e this fri dship . Mich l A g l m d xcus s

1 o . S ee en . P ems , xliv ( App dix , xiv) ’ ’ ’ an o a o on o o e I pi g , i rd , i mi c sum , c r

Di questo si n u t riscie . o e S e t h e en d o f th e onn e ae . e al so . P ms , lii lxxvi At s t Mich l ’ n e o a o n a a e n a e as o ow A g l pl ys C v li ri s m , f ll s ’ Resto prigion d u n Cavalier armato

am t h e on e of an a e n ) . (I pris r rm d k ight “ 3 ’ oe On e al m io e e o ch e m h a o o . , d viv r li t , t lt P ms

I 8 . cix , 4 ' Il d esi r e Th e a e 1 ato m ie dolce signio s m , 5 U n e a e Th e sam e Ch i 1 3 fr ddo sp tto / , THE LIFE OF MICHAEL ANGELO

M a dear o do n ot b e a e o e y l rd , irrit t d by my l v , which 1 n o For t is addressed only t o what is best i y u . he spirit of the on e ought t o b e enamoured of the spirit of the e e a a n in o o e . a e th r Th t which I d sir , th t which I l r y ur b n oo na ea a e anno e e o di men . b utiful f c , c t u d rst d by r ry ” 2 t o n e an of all die H e who wishes u d rst d it must first .

An d certainl y there was n othing immodest in this 3 ‘ a on for a t he e e of a en an d p ssi be uty . But s cr t this rd t 4 ' agitated love (yet for all that chaste) was n evertheless n an el disquieti g d d uded . — To these morbid frien dships a despairing effort t o deny the n othin gness of his life an d create t h e love for — which he craved there fortun ately succeeded the seren e a e on of a o an who o n e an old ff cti w m , c uld u d rst d this a on e an d o in t he o an d n t o e child , l l st w rld , bri g his bruis d o a e ea e a e on en e a e ea on an d s ul littl p c , littl c fid c , littl r s , the c ol f m h y accept an ce o life and death .

5 ’ 11 1 5 33 an d 1 5 34 that Michael Angelo s frien d alier i I n 1 he e an t o reached its height . 5 35 b g l o onn a .

o n in 1 H er a e was a o b r 492 . f th r F brizi ol onn a a o o o of a a an e of a . , L rd P li no d Princ T gli c zz

1 Th e exact text s ays : That which y ou yourself l ove t h e ” in best yourself . 2 S ee en App dix , xv . 3 “ ‘ ’ I l f c o o on e o ch e a e oe . st , m rd P ms , l) ’ L a a a o a ch e l cor en o in fiam m a c st v gli , d tr a e s m , xliii) . 4 I n a son n et Michael An gelo expressed a wish that his ski n

e e t o o e - e H e w e t o b e t h e might s rv cl th th e o n e h e lov d . ish d - oe w o e e S e en . n ow e ee . e sh s hich c v r d his s lik f t ( App dix , xvi ) 5 e a e ween n e and O o e 1 w en ae Esp ci lly b t Ju ct b r 5 33, h Mich l n e o a n e n e t o o en e was at a an e o A g l , h vi g r tur d Fl r c , dist c fr m a a e C v li ri .

LOVE 1 01

Her o e ne e on e e o was a e m th r , Ag s di M t f ltr , d ught r of the a e o n e of n o H r e e . e a gr t F d rig , Pri c Urbi f mily was on e of t he n o e in a on e of o e in o t bl st It ly , th s wh m he lumin ous spirit of the Ren aissan ce was in t he highest degree

man ifest . At seven teen years of age she married t he ’ a of e a a e an e an e o d Aval os a M rquis P sc r , F rr t Fr c sc , ea en e a an d the on e o of a a S gr t g r l c qu r r P vi . he loved

her o e was n ot e ne She as ‘ . w l Ot him , but l v r tur d a 1 a o an The e a on be utiful w m . m d ls which she is r epre en e o a she o e e a e e - e an s t d sh w th t p ss ss d viril , s lf will d d a e a a e a o e ea a on a r th r h rd f c , with high f r h d , l g , str ight no e a o o o e e a o n s , sh rt , m r s , upp r lip , slightly pr trudi g 2 o e a - h o an d a o nen n l w r lip , tightly s ut m uth pr mi t chi .

1 Th e beautiful portraits which ar e said t o represen t h er f are n ot a en . a e or n an e t h e e e a e aw n uth tic T k , i st c , c l br t d dr i g of t h e U fli z i in w ae n e o h as e e en e a o n , hich Mich l A g l r pr s t d y u g w an ea n e e T e c o w a . h o a an b e a a m ri g h lm t m st th t s id is th t , w en aw n h e was n on o n en e t h e recol h dr i g it , u c sci usly i flu c d by e on of o a ea e an d e en a e for t h e a e l cti Vitt ri , id lis d r juv t d ; f c ’ o e a e a ea e and h er e e e e e on p ssess s Vittori s r gul r f tur s s v r xpr ssi . T e r e a Th e h eyes a e absorbed in thought and t h look is h rd . Th e e n ne a e t h e ea n o e e . e o o ck is b r , br sts u c v r d xpr ssi is c ld and n en in n co c trated its viole ce . 2 S o is sh e represen ted on an anonymous medal r eproduced ” in t h e a e o o a o on n a u e E an n o C rt ggi di Vitt ri C l , p blish d by rm e e o an d e e u e an d o e ae n e o F rr r Gius pp M ll r , thus , d ubtl ss , Mich l A g l saw h r H r e a a e e ea - e an d e . e a n h ir is hidd by l rg strip d h d dr ss , sh e wea a e e e e o e w an n en a on at t h e rs dr ss s v r ly cl s d , ith i d t ti n e k n e an n e a e e en h er o n an d c . A oth r o ymous m d l r pr s ts y u g ’ ’ ea e e e in M iin t z s H o e d e l Ar t en an id lis d . (R produc d ist ir p d t ” ’ l a en an n d in L CEu v r e et l a Vie d e e a e . 2 8 a R iss c , iii , p 4 , Mich l ” - n e e t h e Gaz ette des B eau x Ar ts . H er a A g , publish d by ) h ir is gathered up an d ti ed above h er f orehead by mean s of a ribbon down on h er cheek an d fin ely plaited tresses fall er n e H er ea an d a h er e e ck . foreh d is high str ight ; y s w a en on h er on e a ith a somewhat i n dolen t tt ti ; l g , r gul r h as o a n h er ee ar e h er ea a e and br d ostrils ch ks full , rs l rg o e er a n n a e h er n e k f rm d ; h str ight , stro g chi is r is d ; c , THE LIFE OF MICHAEL ANGELO

i o Alicarnasseo who n e her an d o e her e Filon c , k w wr t lif , o n e an in e of a e in the u se of e t u d rst d , spit his c r as en she was a t t she w ugly . Wh m rried o of e a a he a she a e e e is P sc r , s ys , ppli d h rs lf en tal gifts

pass1on “ a oa e en e o e e t o or ~ the a on th t c rs s s s , p w rl ss f m h rm y o e the e o e of n o e o n e e which pr duc s pur l v bl s uls , v r n in her e e ea e or f n An d awake ed ith r pl sur su feri g . she a : a e a e ea so a a e dds Bright fl m , r is my h rt high th t b s ” Sh was n ‘ n o wa a t o b e thoughts offen d it . e i y m de

e S h e as en w n e w a e h er ea a e . h t i d ith light v il , is , lik br st , b r k n d n f e en air a sul y a i di f r t . e e t wo e a o e at f e en a e a e t h e Th s m d ls , pr duc d di f r t g s , h v followi n g ch aracteristics iii common a con traction o f t h e no an d t h e o ew a e and a a strils s m h t sulky upp r lip , sm ll , tightly a n Th e a e as a e e e o e o . w o e cl s d , disd i ful m uth f c , h l , is xpr ssiv f a an w o a w o on d o t o . c lm , ith ut illusi s ith u j y e on en i n a o ew a a o an n e a h e Fr y c t ds , s m hat h z rd us m r , th t ’ h as discovered Vittori a s p ortr ait in a str an ge drawi n g by — Michael An gelo o n t h e back o f a son n et a beautiful and sad aw n w M ae n e o wo a e e e in a a e dr i g hich ich l A g l uld h v r fus d , th t c s , t ow t o n on e Th e e a f n a e wo an o a . o a sh y figur is th t g d m , e t o t h e wa an e ea Th e n d w e en n . ud ist , ith mpty , p d t br sts h as n — ea ot own old it en e an d o . h d gr is upright , p siv , pr ud n e k a e o n t h e on an d e a e n e t h e a A c l c surr u ds l g d lic t ck ; h ir , a e e en o e in a ca w a a e n e t h e g th r d up , is cl s d p , hich is tt ch d u d r n t h e ea f a n e an d o a o o e e . chi , hid s rs f rms s rt h lm t F ci g h er t h e ea o f an old m an e e n ae n e o ook at h d , r s mbli g Mich l A g l , l s h er— f r t h e a i e n n a h a e w en o l st t m . Vittori a Colo d just di d h this aw n was a e Th e n n e a an e t h e fin e dr i g m d . so t which cco mp i s it is p oem o n t h e d eath of Vittori a co mmen ci n g with t h e wo rds : ’ Quan d el ministro de sospir m ie tan ti Fr ey h as repro d u ced t h e drawi n g in his edition o f t h e Poems of Michae l n e o . 8 . A g l , p 3 5

“ 1 04 THE LIFE OF MICHAEL ANGELO but she was overwhelmed by the sermons of Bernardin o 1 Ochm o of Sien na ; she was the frien d of Pietro Car 2 nesecchi Gib er ti S adol et o the n o e e n a o e an d , , , bl R gi ld P l , ea e of e e e o n e a e who on of the gr t st th s r f rmi g pr l t s , c sti t u t ed in 1 5 36 the Collegiu m de em en dan dd Ecclesid 3 na e a na a a e on a n who e in a n m ly , C rdi l G sp r C t ri i , tri d v i ,

e e e a o n . H e e n e o wo t h e th ms lv s r u d him publish d um r us rks , chief of which were t h e Cen to et dieci divi n e con sid erazion i

‘ (B asle 1 5 50) and an Avis o sobre l os i n terpretes d e l a S agrad a ” a H e e e e in a on o a a on e Escritur . b li v d j ustific ti thr ugh f ith l , an d subordin ated in st r u ction b y t h e Bible t o illumi nation by H e e in 1 1 a a h e h ad e t h e Holy S pirit . di d 5 4 . It is s id th t mor an o owe i n Na l e than three thous d f ll rs p s . 1 e n a n o O n o a ea ea e an d t h e a - en e a B r rdi chi , gr t pr ch r Vic r G r l of t h e a n e in 1 e a e t h e en of Valdé s wh o a e C puci s 5 39 , b c m fri d , c m e I e f en n a h e n n e n e n en . n o on o u d r his i flu c spit d u ci ti s , c ti u d “ a a o e on at Na e o e an d en e e his ud ci us s rm s pl s , R m , V ic , uph ld t h e eo e a a n th e n e on of th e n 1 2 by p pl g i st i t rdicti Church , u til 5 4 , w en on t h e o n of e n n e as a e an h e fled h , p i t b i g pu ish d Luth r , o o en e t o e a a an d en t o en e w e e h e e a e fr m Fl r c F rr r , th G va, h r b c m an H e was an in a e en f n a a o e . o o a o on Pr t st t tim t fri d Vitt ri C l , an d when about t o l eave Italy an n oun ced his resoluti on t o h er n en e e i n a c o fid ti al l tt r . 2 e o Car n esecchi of o en e o on o a of e en Pi tr , Fl r c , pr th t ry Cl m t VII t h e en an d e of a e was one e o e t h e fri d discipl V ld s , summ d b f r n n in n d a n i e i n H e I quisitio 1 5 46 a w s bur t n Rom 1 5 67 . e a n e in e a n w a n n a n h er ea r m i d r l tio s ith Vittori Co lo u til d th . 3 a a e on a n th e e e of a ea en e an a G sp r C t ri i , m mb r gr t V ti f mily , was first Ven eti an Ambassador at th e Court of Charl es V in t h e Ne e an in e an an d in S a n and en o th rl ds , G rm y , p i , th , fr m 8 t o 1 0 at t h e f n H e was a o n e 1 2 o o e e . 5 5 3 , C urt Cl m t VII pp i t d a a n a a in 1 and was e a e in 1 1 at t h e C rdi l by P ul III . 5 35 , l g t 5 4 e f R at is n n e H e ee in o n t o an Di t o b o . did n ot succ d c mi g u n derstan di n g with t h e Protestan ts an d h e came un d er t h e on of a o H e e n e o a e an d e suspici C th lics . r tur d , disc ur g d , di d at o o n a in 1 H e was t h e a o of n e o B l g ugust 5 42 . uth r um r us A “ wo k as D e im m ort alit at e anim ae o en r s , such , C mp dium ” ae hil oso h iae an d a ea e o n a on in prim p p , tr tis Justific ti , which h e came very n ear Protestan t id eas con cern i n g t h e e on of a e qu sti gr c . LOVE 1 05 at the e of Rat isb onne t o e a Di t , st blish unity with the 1 o e an an d wh o a e t o e e e o Pr t st ts , d r d writ th s str ng words

Th e l aw of t a law of e Chris is lib rty . One cann ot call by th e name of govern men t that the rule of which t he of a man n n e n a t o is will , i cli d by ture evil an d e e nn e a e a on imp ll d by i um r bl p ssi s . NO Every o e e n a o e e n of ea on o s v r ig ty is s v r ig ty r s . Its bj ect is t o lead those who are under its sway t o their just goal a n e — an d a are The a h ppi ss by p ths that just . uthority of the o e a o an a o of ea on o P p is ls uth rity r s . A P pe should n o a he e e e a o o e ee m en H e k w th t x rcis s his uth rity v r fr . o n ot t o o an or e en or en e of own ught c mm d , d f d , disp s his w on in a o an e the u e of ea on the ill , but ly cc rd c with r l s r s , — divine Comman dmen ts an d Love a rule which leads ” a e n t o God an d the o on oo b ck ev rythi g c mm g d .

Vittoria was on e of the most exalted s ouls of this e ea o n e the e con littl id listic gr up , which u it d pur st en e of a S he o e on e en é e of sci c s It ly . c rr sp d d with R Ferrare an d Margaret of Navarre ; an d Pier Paolo Ver erio a e a o e an a e her on e of t he g , l t r Pr t st t , c ll d ” of w en the o n e - e o o e lights truth . But h c u t r r f rm m v 2 en e an n e the e on of t he e e a af a m t b g , u d r dir cti m rcil ss C r f , she e n o o a o e ae n e o she had f ll i t m rt l d ubt . Lik Mich l A g l ,

1 o e en e Qu t d by H ry Thod . 2 o an n e o Car afla o of e o n e i n 1 2 Gi v i Pi tr , Bish p Chi ti , f u d d 5 4 th e O e of ea n e an d in 1 28 e an in en e t h e wo k rd r Th ti s , 5 b g V ic r of o n e - e o w h e was t o on n e w a a e c u t r r f rm , hich c ti u ith impl c bl o as a a n a an d en in 1 as P o e n e t h e rig ur , first c rdi l th , 5 5 5 , p , u d r e of a Th e O e of t h e e was a o e in titl P ul IV . rd r J suits uth ris d 1 0 in 1 2 th e n on w owe a a n 5 4 ; July 5 4 I quisiti , ith full p rs g i st e e i was e a e in S a n an d in 1 t h e o n o f h r t cs , st blish d p i 545 C u cil en e e e t h e end o f th e ee a o Tr t op n d . This mark d fr C th licism w h ad een ea e o f t h e Cont ar inis th e Gib er t is an d hich b dr m d by , , th e P ol es . 1 06 THE LIFE OF MICHAEL ANGELO a passionate but weak s oul sh e felt a n eed t o believe n the a o of the she was in capable of resisti g uth rity Church . She tortured herself by fasts an d hair -shirts un til she ” 1 an on H er e was n othin g more than flesh d b e . fri n d 2 Cardin al Pole restored her peace of min d by forcing her t o t o a e t he e of her n e en e t o submit , humili t prid i t llig c , ! She so in a o en of forget herself in God . did wild m m t a ! she had on a e e e ! s crifice . Ah if ly s crific d h rs lf But she s acrificed her frien ds with h er : sh e dis own ed no o e n she e e e o e t o t he n Ochi , wh s writi gs d liv r d v r I quisi h r a o was on of o e . e ae n e o e e ti R m Lik Mich l A g l , gr t s ul She o ne her e o e in e a shattered by fear . dr w d r m rs d sp ir in g mysticism .

Y ou have witnessed t he chaos of ignorance in which ” was she o e t he a n of e o in I , wr t ; l byri th rr rs which I wan e e o e e a in o e en t o fin d d r d , my b dy p rp tu lly m v m t in a for ea e repose an d my soul ever agitated its s e rch p c . God has willed that I shoul d b e told F iat 12 96 ! an d — that I should b e shown that I am nothing that every 2 thing is in Christ

1 D eposition of Car n esecchi before t h e In quisiti on in 1 5 66 . 2 e n a o e o f t h e Ho e of o h ad h ad t o flee o R gi ld P l , us Y rk , fr m En a e i n w e h e h ad en e e n o on w en . gl d , h r t r d i t c fl ct ith H ry VIII H e wen t o o en e i n 1 2 e a e t h e en a en o f t Fl r c 5 3 , b c m thusi stic fri d on a n was a e a a n a a an d e a e of t h e C t ri i , m d C rdi l by P ul III l g t f f ea e n a a a on o S . e e o e e o o p trim y t P t r . P ss ss d gr t p rs l ch rm an d a on a o S h e n e oo t h e wo o f o n e c cili t ry pirit , u d rt k rk c u t r reform an d l ead back t o o bedi en ce m an y of t h e fr ee min ds of t h e on a n o wh o we e a o t o o n t h e an of t h e C t ri i gr up , r b ut j i r ks o e an o a o on n a a e h er selfl en e n e Pr t st ts . Vitt ri C l pl c d tir ly u d r e I n e e n e his dir cti on at Viterbo from 1 5 4 1 t o 1 5 44 . 1 5 5 4 Pol r tur d t o En glan d as Pap al legate an d became Archbishop o f Can ter H . e e in bury di d 1 5 5 8 . 3 Letter from Vittori a Colon n a t o Cardin al Moron e (D ecember 22 F or e a e a n o a o on n a see t h e wo k , d t ils r g rdi g Vitt ri C l r

1 08 THE LIFE OF MICHAEL ANGELO

t o the o a few en en n o . there with fri ds , list i g h ly w rd f t e o an en the e Michael An gelo was n ot o h c mp y . Wh Epistl h a a e o an a t o the an e was fin ished t e mi bl w m s id str g r , with a smile

Fran cis of Hollan d would doubtless have more willingly heard a discourse of Michael An gelo than this s ermon — — To which Fran cis stupidly offen ded replied

n ee a a e oe ee t o o e en I d d , M d m D s it s m y ur Exc ll cy that I have sense for n othin g else an d am only good for pain ting

Do n ot b e so e e e e an e o a susc ptibl , M ss r Fr c sc , s id o o o The a e a e on n e Lattan zi T l mei . M rch s is quit c vi c d n e oo for e n S o do w that a pai t r is g d ev rythi g . much e Italian s esteem painting ! But perhaps she s aid that

~ — merely t o add t o the pleasur e which you have had that ” of ea n ae n e o h ri g Mich l A g l .

an was en o in a o o e an d the a e a Fr cis th l st p l gi s , M rch s s aid t o on e of her servan ts

’ Go t o Mich ael Angelo s and tell him that Mess er a an o an d a e e a n e a e the o e of the L tt zi I h v r m i d , ft r cl s e o e e in a e w e e a eea r ligi us s rvic , this ch p l , h r it is gr bly oo he o on en t o o e a e of e c l . If w uld c s t l s littl his tim , we o o ea B ut she a e no n sh uld pr fit gr tly . dd d , k wi g ’ ae n e o n o a ene do n ot e a Mich l A g l s u s ci bl ss , t ll him th t ” the an a an of o an e Sp i rd Fr cis H ll d is h re .

’ Awaitin g the servan t s return they fell in to c onversa on en ea o n t o find ou t a ean e o ti , d v uri g by wh t m s th y c uld ea ae n e o t o ea on the e of a n n l d Mich l A g l sp k subj ct p i ti g , o e n e n en o for he but with ut him susp cti g th ir i t ti n , , if LOVE 1 09

e e e he o e a e e p rc iv d it , w uld imm di t ly r fuse t o continue

' the on e a on c v rs ti .

e e was a e S en e no a Th r bri f il c . A k ck c me at t he oo We all e e e a ea n . e the e ha o d r xpr ss d f r , si c r ply d c me o o a o t b t h s n o e e a e . pr mptly , th t it c uld m st r But my

a e a ae n e o . who e e ea st r will d th t Mich l A g l , liv d quit n r , S hould at that very time b e on his way in the direction of S an Silvestro ; he was proceeding along t he Via Es u ilina o a the e ae o o n as h e q , t w rds Th rm , phil s phisi g en e n o An d as our en o ha m et w t with his discipl Urbi . v y d an d o a on he was who oo on him br ught him l g , it st d up the e o The a e a o e an d on e a ne in thr sh ld . M rch s r s l g r m i d on e a on an n an d a a o the c v rs ti with him , st di g p rt fr m o e e o e she n e t o a e a ea e een th rs , b f r i vit d him t k s t b tw ” a an o an d e L tt zi hers lf .

f a sat ae n e o Fran cis o Holl n d by his side . But Mich l A g l a o t e e on the p id n ot the slightest atten ti n o him . Wh r up an a was a e ne e an d a a e e air Sp i rd cut ly ttl d s id , with v x d

Verily the surest means of n ot being seen by any on e is t o place oneself right in front of his eyes !

ae n e o a on e oo e at and e Mich l A g l , st ish d , l k d him imm

diat el a o o e ea o e . y p l gis d , with gr t c urt sy

I n a on m e e e an e o he a . P rd , M ss r Fr c sc , s id truth n ot no e ou for all a en on was en e on I did tic y , my tt ti c tr d a a M rches . w ean e o a a e a a e e an , M whil Vitt ri , ft r slight p us , b g ith f the e a e t o S ea an ar t which is deserving o high st pr is , p k , a o an d ee of a o an n w o dr itly discr tly , th us d thi gs , but ith ut was e on e touching on the subj ect of pain ting . It lik who a e e f an d ar t t o a o e l ys si g , with di ficulty with , f rtifi d o And ae n e o had the air of a e e e t wn . Mich l A g l b si g d e e e on who an and e an a , p rs , vigil t d fi t , puts gu rds h r 1 1 0 THE LIFE OF MICHAEL ANGELO

a e e e a e ne e e ere and ee the r ises bridg s th r , pl c s mi s ls wh , k ps a t a garrison on the alert at the g tes an d on he w lls . But a e the da An d n o one fin ally the Marchesa c rri d y . truly a a her could defen d himself g inst . ” e a S he we n ee e o n e a we W ll , s id , must i d d r c g is th t ar e always con quered when we attack Michael An gel o with o sa nn n We own a a t . his rms , th t is y with cu i g must ea t o e e a an o on th e e of law sp k him , M ss r L tt zi , subj ct a a e or e e a n n we o suits , p p l bri fs , ls p i ti g if w uld ” an a e h a o reduce him t o silence d h v t e l st w rd .

This ingenious detou r led th e con versation on t o the e of art o a n o e ae n e o of a subj ct . Vitt ri i f rm d Mich l A g l e o on on S he o o e t o a e and r ligi us c structi which pr p s d r is , immediately Michael Angelo Offered t o examine the site and a an draw up pl .

o ne e a e a e t o ask so ea a e e I sh uld v r h v d r d gr t s rvic , “ e e the a e a a o no a in e e r pli d M rch s , . lth ugh I k w th t v ry n ou o o the ea n of the o who o e thi g y f ll w t chi gs L rd , l w rs t he a an d a e th Conse h ughty r is s up e humble . en o e who n o ou e ee the e on of qu tly , th s k w y st m p rs ae n e o o e an o o e Mich l A g l much m r th his w rks , whilst th s who do n ot know you person ally glorify th e weakest part of o — t o a th o of o an e a s e . y urs lf th t is y , w rk y ur h ds But a e ou n o e for so o en a n a e I pr is y l ss ft withdr wi g sid , ee n o our e e on e a on and n ea of fl i g fr m us l ss c v rs ti s , , i st d pain ting all the prin ces who come t o b eg you t o do their o a for e o n a o the w o e of o e t o p rtr its , d v ti g lm st h l y ur lif ” a S n e ea o i gl gr t w rk .

ae n e o o e e ne e e o en Mich l A g l m d stly d cli d th s c mplim ts , an d expressed his aversion for chatterers an d idlers — whether great lords or p opes who thought it permissible to o e e o e on an a en e en n ow imp s th ir s ci ty rtist , wh v his

1 1 2 THE LIFE OF MICHAEL ANGELO

S he o en set off o e o an d a e t o o e But ft fr m Vit rb c m R m , o H e was e a specially t o see Michael Angel . n moured o f d she a e n e a a her n e S an on . divi pirit , mply r tur d his dmir ti e o her an d e an e e of a H e receiv d fr m k pt m y l tt rs , full a e an d e en e o e and as a n o e ch st v ry g tl l v , such th t bl ” 1 s oul could write . her e e a on he e e e a n e At r qu st , dds C divi , x cut d ud who e a e o the o o a e a en Christ , , d t ch d fr m Cr ss , w uld h v f ll like a dead b ody at the feet of his H oly Mother had n ot o e th a a ea t wo angels supp rt d Him by e rms . M ry is s ted un der t he Cross ; her face is marked by tears an d suffering ; and with open arms she raises her han ds a On the oo of the o we a t he heaven w rds . w d Cr ss re d ’ 2 N S i en a no - a o F wo : on a n e a . or rds vi p s qu t _ s gu c st o e of o a ae n e o a o e a on the l v Vitt ri , Mich l A g l ls dr w Christ o n ot ea as H e a e e en e Cr ss , but d d , is usu lly r pr s t d , but n a e ne o a a e and livi g , with His f c tur d t w rds His F th r , ‘ ’ crying : Eli ! Eli ! The b ody does not willingly aban don itself ; it twists and contracts in the last sufferings of a de th .

1 e e are n t t o e th e e e of o a on . o C divi Th s , truth t ll , l tt rs Vitt ri w a e een e e e an d w ar e o e n o e b u t hich h v b pr s rv d , hich d ubtl ss bl We e e e a o f t h e w o e o f a little cold . must r m mb r th t h l this correspon d en ce we p ossess but fiv e letters writt en from Orvieto an d e o an d on ee o o e e wee n 1 an d Vit rb , ly thr fr m R m , b t 5 39

1 5 4 1 . 2 h as S wn n e e r wm as . en e o t h hi d a . T s g , M A Gr i r h , i spir d various Pi eta which Michael A n gelo carved l ater : that Of “ ” Floren ce ( 1 5 5 0 th e R on d an in i Pi eta an d th e more recently discovered o n e o f Palestrina (between 1 5 5 5 an d Con n ected also with thi s con ception ar e some drawin gs in t h e library at Oxford and t h e Entombmen t o f t h e Nation al e Gall ry . ’ en e U e e a n on n e d e e - n e a S ee A . Gr i r s n Pi t i c u Mich l A g - a e n a Gaz ette des B eaux Arts a 1 0 . e o u on P l stri , , M rch 9 7 R pr d cti s t h e a o e a w b e o n in a e Of v ri us Pi t ill f u d this rticl .

1 1 4 THE LIFE OF MICHAEL ANGELO

reli ous e e a on of he had a regards g r v l ti s , which dim en as o e has o n she set the presentim t , but , Th d sh w , him n e in her e e was n example of S ingi g th m v rs s . It duri g t he early days of their frien dship that the first Spiritual 1 a a ea She r Sonnets of Vitt ori pp red . sen t them t o he 2 as S he h ad en e frien d as soon writt th m . on o a o a a n ew in o n a e e . He f u d c s l t ry ch rm , lif th m A beautiful s onn et which he addressed t o her in reply bears witness t o his ten der gratitude

e e who o a en o e ee Bl ss d spirit , by y ur rd t l v , k ps my ea so n ea the o n of ea a e and who in old h rt , r p i t d th , liv , , of o o e on an d o ea e the midst y ur p ss ssi s y ur pl sur s , dis — t in guish me alone among so many n obler bein gs so you a e o e t o e e so now in o e t o on o e appe r d f rm rly my y s , , rd r c s l o e t o o the ea on m e ou S o . a , y h w y urs lf my s ul Th t is r s e e n a o o ou who n of m e in why , r c ivi g this f v ur fr m y , thi k e t o an For b e a o e ou . o my tr ubl s , I writ th k y it w uld piece of great presumption an d a great shame if I Offered

e e a anno or o e e wo o e him b tt r , s id Gi tti , p ss ss d his rk m r ” No one h as a e e t o a o e a n en perfectly . ddr ss d him m r m g ific t “ homage than t h e fin e son n et begi n nin g with t he words : D al e e was e a we e . H e ci l disc s cix , qu lly ll a a n e w e a a a a an no d a Pist o a an d cqu i t d ith P tr rc , C v lc ti , Ci j , f a a e as n t h e classics o It li n poetry . His styl w modelled upo t h e en en w v iv ified e e n was them . But s tim t hich v rythi g his n ea arden t plato ic id lism . 1 e con n a S on e S a I Rim giu t di xvi tti piritu li , 5 39 . Rime con giun ta di xxiv S on etti spirituali e Trion fo

e a o e 1 . en e d ll Cr c , 5 44 V ic . 2 I possess a little p archmen t book which S he gave m e o e t en ea a o w o e ae n e o t o F at tu cci on a s m y rs g , r t Mich l A g l M rch 7 “ n a n n d and h e n n e 1 1 . o o e n e e o w o 5 5 It c t i s hu dr t r s ts , ith ut o n n th e o t on a e w she en m e o e o c u ti g f r y p p r , hich s t fr m Vit rb , a e h ad i h e a e and which I h v boun d n t e sam little book . I h v w also man y letters hich She wrote m e from O rvieto an d Viterbo . ” a e f er That is wh t I poss ss o h . LOVE 1 1 5 t o give you wretched pain tings in exchange for your ” 1 ea an n a on b utiful d livi g cre ti s .

I n the summer of 1 5 44 Vittoria return ed t o live in o e in the o e of an a nna an d S he e R m , cl ist rs S t A , r main ed n her ea ae n e o e t o t there u til d th . Mich l A g l us d go o see r Sh o a on a e of he . e e e t o a th ught ff cti t ly him , tri d put e ea e an d o o n o e an d e e t o littl pl sur c mf rt i t his lif , , s cr tly , a e a fe e e en the o m k him w littl pr s ts . But suspici us Old ” 2 m an who o a e e en o no one e en , w uld cc pt pr s ts fr m , v o o e o he o e the o e e t o e her fr m th s wh m l v d m st , r fus d giv ea this pl sure . She e H e saw her die an d he e e e e o di d . , utt r d th s t uch in o S o a a a e e e e e g w rds , which h w with wh t ch st r s rv th ir great love had b een surroun ded Nothing distresses m e more than t o think that I a e een her ea and a a e n ot e her o e h v s d d , th t I h v kiss d f r ” 2 r an head an d her face as I have kissed he h d . “ ea a on a e for a on This d th , s ys C divi , m d him l g time quite stupid : he seemed t o have lost his int elli ’ gen cef

She e the ea e oo a ae wished m gr t st g d , s id Mich l n e o adl a e on an d the a e n olev a A g l s y , l t r , I s m (Mi l i ea has gran dissimo bene e io n on meno di e ) . D th ” o m r bbed e of a great frien d .

One e on ea . He wrote two sonnets this d th , imbu d

1 S ee en oe . App dix , xvii P ms , lxxxviii) 3 a a H e a e e for a e w on e of his ea e V s ri . qu rr ll d tim ith d r st en e a e a a n w e h e a e , L d l o e , , fri ds uigi Ricci , b c us g i st his ish s m d e en am o e o e e o e e e n him pr s ts . I m r ppr ss d by y ur xtr m ki d m e e e n e w o e ae n e o an ou o e . ss , r t Mich l A g l , th if y r bb d Th r ’ on e e o e and t h e must b e equali ty between fn ends . If giv s m r e on e ed o e e en e o e t o ow an d on , th r l ss , th th y c m bl s ; if is c qu r ” t he o e th r pardons n ot . 3 on C di v i . 1 1 6 THE LIFE OF MICHAEL ANGELO

the P a on s ara te e a e with l t ic pirit , is ch c ris d by rugg d affectation and a deluded idealism it is comparable t o n n a n a o the S k a n ight with light i g fl shi g cr ss y . Mich el

‘ Angelo compares Vitt oria t o the hammer of the divine o who a e e o n o sculpt r , m k s his sublim th ughts spri g f rth o ma e fr m tt r .

If my rude hammer fashions hard rocks first int o one a e an d en n o ano e o the and im g th i t th r , it is fr m h which h olds and guides it that it receives movement it acts the n en e of a ore n o t n through i flu c f ig f rce . But he divi e hammer which is raised in the heavens creates its own beauty an d the beauty of others by reason of its own en 0 o e a e can ea e o str gth . N th r h mm r cr t with ut this a e on e a one e e t o all the o e And h mm r , this l giv s lif th rs . sin ce the b l ow which it strikes on the an vil is so much the ea e the e a e in th o e a e gr t r high r it is r is d e f rg , this h mm r has en a o e m e t o ea en a it e ris b v h v . Th t is why will guid o t o a oo end if the ne o e en aid my w rk g d , divi f rg l ds its . ” 1 t n ow on a a a on o e w e . Up , rth , it s l

The other sonnet is more tender and proclaims the ct or of o o a y l ve ver de th .

When S he who drew from my breast so many sighs e a a o the o o e e an d o slipp d w y fr m w rld , fr m my y s fr m e e a e had e o of her h rs lf , N tur which judg d us w rthy

1 S ee en oe . App dix , xviii P ms , ci) Michael An gelo add ed t h e followin g commen tary — It (th e hammer that is Vittoria) was alon e in this world t o exalt virtu e by its great virtu es there was no one here wh o w e t h e e ow of h e N w in e en w a e o t o e . o a rk d b ll s f rg , h v , it ill h v man y assistan ts ; for there is no on e there t o whom virtu e

n ot c ea . Con e en o e a t h e o e on of is l r s qu tly , I h p th t c mpl ti my e n w o e o n N w in ea en e e w b e o . o b i g ill c m fr m high , h v , th r ill some on e t o work t h e bellows here below there was n o assistant ” h e e at t o e w e u e ar e o e . f rg , h r virt s f rg d

LOVE 1 1 7

e a e o e e a e and all who saw b c m c v r d with sh m , her fell let not - into tears . But D eath t o day b oast of having e n e sun of n as has one t o o xti guish d this su s , it d thers For o e has on e e and has a e her e a a L v c qu r d , m d liv g in on ea and in the ea n a n th a n e o e . n o rth h v s , m g s i ts I iquit us an d criminal Death thought t o stifle t he echo of her e an d a n the ea of her o H er n virtu s t r ish b uty s ul . writi gs have don e the contrary they illuminate her with more life than she possessed in her lifetime ; an d through death h ” 1 ea en she ad n ot et . d H v , which y

2 this grave and serene fri endship that

1 S ee en oe App dix , xix P ms , On th e back of th e manu script of this sonn et is t h e pen -an d in k drawin g of a woman with wasted breasts whi ch is alleged t e a a f o b portr it o Vittoria . 2 ’ Michael An gelo s fri endship for Vittori a Colonna did n ot e e o e a on a en was not f en xclud th r p ssi s . Th t fri dship su fici t

t o a o . ea a e h as een a en not t o sa so s tisfy his s ul Gr t c r b t k y , a e e t e AS o through ridiculous desire t o id alis h artist . th ugh “ a Michael Angelo h ad need of bei ng id ealised Duri n g t h e e o r en w o a e ween 1 an d 1 6 p ri d Of his f i dship ith Vitt ri , b t 5 35 5 4 , Michael An gelo loved a beautiful and cruel woman don na a a e e a en e e e a e a n a e e a spr b ll (cix , luc t f r st ll , i iqu f ll , o e e a con e a o o e a e e a e a d lc pi t dispi t t c r (cix , crud f r st ll e e a e a a e ualm ent e infinit a (cix , b ll zz gr ti q (cix , 3) ” “ a ene as h e a o a h er l a on na m ia n e a my l dy my , ls c lls , d mic H e o e h er a ona e u a e e in h er (cix , l v d p ssi t ly , h mili t d hims lf e en e and wo a o a e a e e e na a a on pr s c , uld lm st h v s crific d his t r l s lv ti “ ’ ’ for h er a e a i na onn a e a s k : Godo gl ing nn d u d b ll (cix , ’ 0 or mi e e l a o o o il o o 9 ) p go u lm n t a spr gi g c ll (cix , 5 4) ’ o e a a nte n o e o H e was o u e d lc mi s ri l i r t c (cix , t rt r d e S e a e e e w by this lov . h mus d h rs lf ith him

e a mie on na é S i on a e a a Qu st d pr t rdit , ’ ’ C al lor ch e 1a m ancide o ni m ie en e , g b Cogli ochi mi prom ect e e parte ti ene l a e a Il cr u del ferro den tro a. f rit

(cix , H e en ed Sh e e e eal ou and o e e w o e . xcit d his j sy , c qu tt d ith th rs d THE LIFE OF MICHAEL ANGELO

Michael An gelo executed his last great works in p ainting an The a en the e oe of d sculpture L st Judgm t , fr sc s — — the Pauline Chapel and at last the mausoleum of en ae n e o e o en e in 1 Julius II . Wh Mich l A g l l ft Fl r c 5 34 t o e e own in o e he o a a n een s ttl d R m th ught th t , h vi g b relieved of all his other works by the death of Clemen t VII he would b e able t o c omplete the mausoleum of Julius II . in ea e and en die on en e e e e of p c , th , with his c sci c r li v d the burden which had weighed on the whole of his life . But he had hardly arrived than he allowed himself t o b e e nchained by new masters .

o Paul III . s on summoned him and required his t e e e . ae n e o o eve e ne n s rvic s Mich l A g l , h w r , d cli d u til h o o b e n e a e n - hi s on a wi the t mb sh uld fi ish d , ll gi g c tr ct th u e of th o e who n o . e a an e e e P D k Urbi His r fus l g r d p , a a e een on for o o n for s id , I h v b l ging this pp rtu ity

ea and S a . n ot a e n ow am Po e thirty y rs , h ll I h v it I p ' ea the on a and am e e ne a ou I will t r up c tr ct , I d t rmi d th t y ’ 1 a e e m e o e w a a m . sh ll s rv , c m h t y

ae n e t Mich l A g lo was on he poin t of fleeing .

H e o of a e e ea enoa in an th ught t king r fug n r G , a e of he B o of e a who was end and bb y t ish p Al ri , his fri who ha een f t h d a o . e e in e n e b th t Julius II Th r , igh b ou rhood of a a a he o o o a ave n e C rr r , w uld c mf rt bly h fi ish d

a n er H an by h ti g h . e implored Fate t o make h er ugly d en a o e of ' in o e a h e o n o on e o e h er and m ur d him , rd r th t c uld l g r l v make h er s uffer in h er turn “ ' wh d o ou e ea t o r efu se ou r e e Cupid , y y p rmit b uty y supr m o e t o on e wh o e e and a e a e ou w S h e c urt sy d sir s ppr ci t s y , hilst a ccords it t o stupid bein gs ? Oh ! gran t that another time S h e h as a o n ea b s a o a o e h er no t . ut o l vi g h rt , ugly b dy th t I l v , ” and a sh e o e m e! S ee en oe th t l v s App dix , xx P ms , cix , 1 a a V s ri .

1 20 THE LIFE OF MICHAEL ANGELO wh o e the a oo o a on on and wen o l v d rts , t k c mp ssi him t en n o one an e e n o he t o his house . Wh sw r d his k ck a e e wa and a n o oo t o oo entered by s cr t y , p ssi g fr m r m r m o in e e a e a a o e e found Michael An gel d sp r t c se . B cci r fus d ” 1 t o leave him before he was healed .

ha o e t o . d one Pa . e o e As Julius II f rm rly d , ul III us d c m

t o s ee ae n e o a n n and ave o n on . Mich l A g l p i ti g , g his pi i H e was a o an e a e of the e e on e cc mp i d by his m st r c r m i s , O da t o a of a Biagi o da Cesena . ne y he P pe sked this fici l o of the o ho a a a a he . B a o w wh t th ught w rk i gi , , s ys V s ri , was a e u o e on e a e a was a v ry scr pul us p rs , d cl r d th t it a e t o a e so an e in a a e and disgr c h v put m y nud s such pl c , that the pain ting was better suited t o a bathing -place

or an inn an a a e . an e e ae n e o so th ch p l This g r d Mich l A g l , , a e e had one he e a o a of B a o o ft r th y g , dr w p rtr it i gi fr m e o e e en n as no in e a on a m m ry , r pr s ti g him Mi s H ll m g oo of e a ea e en o n a o tr p d vils , with gr t s rp t w u d b ut his

e . a o a t t a . l gs Bi gi compl ined o he Pope . But P ul III a at H a u in l ughed him . d Michael Angelo put y o Pur at or he a t o him e e a e een o e g y , s id th r might h v b s m t ’ e e o e a es r edem tio . r m dy , but fr m H ll , Null p ’ Biagio was not the only on e t o fin d Michael Angelo s d a n n n e en . a was e o n an p i ti gs i d c t It ly b c mi g prudish , the time was n ot far distan t when Veron ese was t o b e summoned before the In quisition for t he impropriety ” 2 of e at t f n en of his Supp r he H ouse o Simo . Pl ty people could b e foun d t o cry out scandal before The

1 Vasari 2 I 1 a e n July 5 73 . Veron ese did n ot fail t o rely on th e ex mpl ” set Th e a n him by L st Judgme t . a a b ad e ea w a a e a I dmit th t it is ; but I r p t h t I h v s id , that it is my duty t o follow the examples which my masters have m ’ set e .

a en a e o a e on e S a n e a Wh t th h v y ur m st rs d imil r thi gs , p rh ps

1 22 THE LIFE OF MICHAEL ANGELO — a e in the o of ae n e o e en s cr d s ul Mich l A g l his pi ty , his fri d — i and en e of ono was defiled and o a e sh p , his s s h ur utr g d , t o e e ae An e o o d not ea o this l tt r , which Mich l g l c ul r d with ut a n a n and ee n a e he e e l ughi g with disd i w pi g with sh m , r pli d t o e he o of a he e t o n o a word . D ubtl ss th ught it wh t us d sa n a n of e a n ene e a y , with crushi g disd i , c rt i mi s , th t e e n ot o the o e of o a n for they w r w rth tr ubl c mb tti g , s o t a victory over them wa with ut he slightest imp ort nce . And when the ideas of Aretino and Biagi o on his Last en had a ne o n he a e n o a e t o Judgm t g i d gr u d , m d tt mpt H e e n o n t o o e . e a n o n n r ply , did thi g st p th m s id thi g wh ” 1 a e e as fil H e a his work w s d scrib d Lutheran th . s id 2

e t o the e o . n othing when Paul IV . wish d o destr y fr sc H e a n o n e on an o e o the Po e s id thi g wh n rd r fr m p , 2 a l o a o e a ee e e oe o e D niel d V lt rr br ch d his h r s . S m n on wi o an e one a e o . He e e sk d him his pi i r pli d , th ut g r , but in a tone of mingled irony and pity Tell t he Pope a a e n e ea t o th t this is but littl thi g , which it is v ry sy put L t e n e a en o t o in order . e His Holiness d vote his e tir tt ti n putting the world in order t o arrange a painting does n ot o H a a en a he c st much labour . e knew with wh t rd t f ith had a o e o in the of e o con cc mplish d this w rk , midst r ligi us versations o a o onna and n e the rotec with Vitt ri C l , u d r p on f H a e e ti o that immaculate s oul . e would h v blush d t o defend the chaste nudity of his heroic thoughts against the unclean suspicions and sous-entendas of o hyp crites .

1 a o en i ne in 1 a e a e o By Fl r t 5 49 (G y , C rt ggi , ii , 2 I n 1 6 e en a e en o of effa n Th e 5 9 Cl m t VIII . lso v th ught ci g ” a L st Judgmen t . 3 I n a e a a e e 1 5 5 9 . D ni llo d Volterra was afterwards c ll d th breeche s -maker I l b ragh et t on e D ani ello was a fri en d o f ae n e n h e an a o . o e en t o Mich l A g l A th r Of his fri ds , sculpt r Amm ti , on e ne e e n e a ae n e o was not c d m d th s ud s as a scan d l . Mich l A g l e en e v support d on thi s occasion by his disciples . LOVE

1 en the n e e o was o e e ae n Wh Sisti fr sc c mpl t d , Mich l A gelo

’ thought that at last he had the right t o finish the monu en of th a a m t Julius II . But e ins ti ble Pope demanded that the old m an of seven ty should paint the frescoes of th 2 H t e Pau n e C a e . e a o u an on o e li h p l lm st , p his h d s m of the a e n en e for the o of o st tu s i t d d t mb Julius II . in rder t o use them for t he orn amentation of his own chapel ! Michael An gelo had t o con sider himself fortunate in being all owed t o S ign a fifth and last con tract with the heirs of — Julius I L a con tract by which he agreed t o deliver his 3 completed statues an d pay two sculptors t o finish th e

‘ on en a e w he was e ea e o an o e m um t , ft r hich r l s d fr m y th r r obligati on fo ever . t The e But he was n ot a the end of his troubles . h irs of on n e ee t o a the one Julius II . c ti u d gr dily cl im m y which The they alleged had formerly been laid out for him . Po e o n ot t o n a o t o on en a e p t ld him thi k b ut it , but c c tr t l all his attenti on on t he Pau ine Chapel .

B e e ae n e o we a n o ur ut , r pli d Mich l A g l , p i t with t He o e n n ot at ea n o our an . h d , with h ds wh s mi d is

ea e n o e . a so on as a e s disho urs hims lf Th t is why , l g I h v

1 The i nauguration Of Th e Last Judgmen t took place on al l o e a an e e e e 2 1 1 . eo e a e o D c mb r 5 , 5 4 P pl c m fr m v r It ly , Fr c , F a e on o f e an an d an e t o b e e en . or G rm y , Fl d rs pr s t d scripti th e wo see oo on ae n e o in th e e e L es rk , my b k Mich l A g l s ri s ’ ” — a e d e l Ar t . 0 . M itr s , pp 9 9 3 2 f a an d t he These fr escoes Th e Con version o S t . P ul e e at w ae n e o wo ke Martyrdo m of S t . P t r hich Mich l A g l r d o 1 2 we e n e e in 1 and 1 6 t wo n e e fr m 5 4 , r i t rrupt d , 5 44 5 4 , by ill ss s , — e we e an d were pain fully termin ated in 1 5 49 1 5 5 0 . Th y r his ” a a n n a a a and e o ea a o l st p i ti gs , s ys V s ri , th y c st him gr t l b ur , ” as a n i n e e a e c o not t h e wo an m an . p i t g , sp ci lly fr s , is rk Of Old 3 These must have been his Moses an d th e t wo S laves but Michael An gelo decided that th e latter were no lon ger suitable for a e e in e S O h e a e t wo o e e t omb thus r duc d siz , c rv d th r figur s

Active an d Contemplative Life (Rachael and Leah) . 1 24 THE LIFE OF MICHAEL ANGELO

e e o e do no n oo . a e een th s w rri s , I thi g g d I h v b o the ho e of a e chained t o this t mb w l my life. I h v wasted all my youth in endeavouring t o justify myself

and e en . a e een ne before L eo X . Cl m t VII I h v b rui d by a my t oo great consci enti ousness . Thus did my f te ordain it ! I see many men who have got together n o e of two t o ee ho an o n h a e i c m s thr t us d cr w s , w ilst I , ft r

e e ef o a e on ee e in e a nin oo . t rribl f rts , h v ly succ d d r m i g p r And they call m e a thi ef Before m en (I do n ot say G o n a e before od) I c nsider myself a honest m an . I h v n e e an on am n ot a e : am ver dec ived y e . I thi f I a o en ne en of n o e and the son of an Fl r ti citiz , bl birth , on o a m a en t o en e h ur ble n . Wh I have def d mys lf 1 a a n o n d e eco e in the end n ane g i st sc u r ls I b m , , i s

I n order t o indemnify hi s adversari es he c ompleted the statues represen ting Active Life and Contem lative e own an a o he was not p Lif with his h d , lth ugh ' o e t o do f rc d so by his contract .

S o at a in an a 1 the on en t o . , l st , J u ry 5 45 m um t Julius II w s a a inaugurated at S an Pietro in Vincoli . Wh t remained of the fine primitive plan P Only the statue of o e e a e th e en e of a e a n o e M s s , which b c m c tr it , ft r h vi g f rm rly ee one of was the a a e of a b n but its details . It c ric tur ea gr t proj ect . o e e wa An e o was e e e s n e . ae H w v r , it fi ish d Mich l g l d liv r d from the nightmare which had troubled the whole of his life .

1 Letter t o an un kn own Mon signore (Octob er ’ e e Mil i an es s e on . L tt rs , diti , cdxxxv)

FAITH

’ ’ S n o ru c a o t e sol a o e n ig i r i c r , i chi m voco ’ 1 on a l inut il m ie e o o en C tr ci c t rm t0 .

HI S e e a e the ea of o a o a d sir , ft r d th Vitt ri , w uld h ve been t o e n t o o en e t o la ea one at r tur Fl r c , y his w ry b s rest by ” 2 th of a e a e a n e side his f th r . But ft r h vi g served the Popes all his life he wished t o devote his last years t o the G e a he ha ee servi ce of od . P rh ps d b n urged towards this by his friend and was carrying ou t on e of her last

e . On an a I 1 one on e o e the ea wish s J u ry , 5 47 , m th b f r d th of o a o onna ae n e o had in a een Vitt ri C l , Mich l A g l , f ct , b ‘ a h a o n e a e of Pa . e e nd a c e pp i t d , by bri f ul III , pr f ct r it ct ’ of t th n Pete o e o e e e . St . r s , with full p w rs r ct buildi g It was not without difficulty that he could b e got t o accept the post ; and it was not the earnest entreaties of the Pope which made him decide t o take upon his septuagenarian S houlders the heaviest load which he ha et ne He saw in a —a ion o d y bor . it duty miss fr m G od. — — Many think and I myself think that 1 have been

a e i o God he o e . O o pl c d n this p st by , wr t ld th ugh I

1 oe P ms , cxxiii . 2 Letter from Michael Angelo t o Vasari (S eptember 1 25 1 26 THE LIFE OF MICHAEL ANGELO am do n ot w t o a an on for e e h o o e , I ish b d it , I s rv t r ugh l v ” 1 all o i of God and place my h pes n Him . H t a e a a en for a e a e did no cc pt ny p ym t this s cr d t sk . He found himself engaged in a stru ggle with numerous ” 2 ene e the a on of S an a l o as Va a a mi s : f cti G l , s ri c lls e an all the a n a o a e en an th m , d with dmi istr t rs , tr d sm d on a o of the n o e a — t o h c tr ct rs buildi g , wh s fr uds whic S a o ha a a o e e e — he en o n an G ll d lw ys cl s d his y s d u ced .

ae n e o a Va a e e e . Pe e o Mich l A g l , s ys s ri , d liv r d St t r fr m thieves and robbers . oa on was o e a a n ea e the A c liti f rm d g i st him , h d d by en ann Ba o o an a e o impud t N i di cci Bigi , rchit ct wh m a a a e of a n o e ae n e o and who V s ri ccus s h vi g r bb d Mich l A g l , a t aspired t o suppl n t him . They spread about he rumour that Michael An gelo knew nothing of architecture that he was wasting money and merely destroying the work of The o ee in a e of t h a min s his predecessor . c mmitt ch rg e d i t ration of the b uildin it self a n a a a n gu t ki g p rt g i st its a e n e in 1 1 a o e n n e e rchit ct , i stitut d , 5 5 , s l m i quiry , pr sid d

o e the Po e . n e o and o en o e v r by p I sp ct rs w rkm , supp rt d 3 a a a a and e n a e and a e by C rdin ls S lvi ti C rvi i , c m g v e en e a a n ae n e o B th a a vid c g i st Mich l A g l . ut e rtist h rdly

1 e er o ae n e o t o his ne ew eona o L tt fr m Mich l A g l ph L rd (July 7 , 1 5 5 7» 2 Th e er on e e in u e on n on o da S an Gal o e p s h r q sti is A t i l , Archit ct ’ i n e of S t e e o 1 t o t h e e of ea in Chi f . P t r s fr m 5 37 tim his d th e H e h ad a wa een th e ene f ae n e o O o 1 6 . o ct b r 5 4 l ys b my Mich l A g l , e e we e o o e wh o tr ated him without con sideration . Th y r pp s d t o ea o e o e th e o o o a on th e a an a e ch th r v r B rg f rtific ti s ( V tic q u rt r) , t h e plan s for which by S an Gallo were set aside through Michael n e o in 1 an d a o n th e n th e a n e e A g l 5 4 5 , ls duri g buildi g Of F r s a a e whi S an a o h ad u t o t he e on oo P l c , ch G ll built p s c d fl r , but w ae n e o o e e a e o n o e for hich Mich l A g l c mpl t d , ft r imp si g his m d l ’ th e corn ice in 1 5 49 an d elimi nati ng his rival s proj ect (see ’ Th ode s Michael An gelo 3 Th e e e a e futur Pop M rc l II .

1 28 THE LIFE OF MICHAEL ANGELO

was a e in an a a n e he It pl c d my h ds g i st my wish s , For e ea in the of all o f a . o s id ight y rs , midst s rts o an o e a e I een e a n e in w rries d tr ubl s , h v b xh usti g mys lf Now a the u n ffi en a an e vain . th t b ildi g is su ci tly dv c d t o en a e e t o o e the o a a va bl th m c v r cup l with ult , my e a e o o e o b e the n of the o a d p rtur fr m R m w uld rui w rk , ea af on t o e and a e ea sin on gr t fr t mys lf , v ry gr t my ” 1 o s ul .

ene e e e t o l a o n e a and at one His mi s r fus d y d w th ir rms , e a s e a a a a e I 1 6 time the struggl s um d tr gic ch r ct r . n 5 3 ’ ae n e o o e o e a an P e ae a Mich l A g l s m st d v t d ssist t , i r Luigi G t , was thrown int o prison on a false charge of theft and the e of the o e a e da Cast eldu ran t e was cl rk w rks , C s r , ae n e o e e a o n n a In stabbed . Mich l A g l r pli d by pp i ti g Gaet ’ a The o ee d e ae a an d Cesare 5 pl ce . c mmitt ismiss d G t ’ a o n e ae n e o S ene ann Ba o o . pp i t d Mich l A g l my , N i di cci Bigi The a e e e an e a e n o on e t o rtist b sid hims lf with g r , c m l g r S a th o h a e e . e e e a e h St . P t r Th y spr d rum ur th t d e ne and the o ee a o n e as e r sig d , c mmitt pp i t d his substitut ann who e a e e an t o a e the r le of N i , imm di t ly b g ssum o He o n e on n ou t the ol m an of e master . c u t d tiri g d ighty - he t eight sick and dying as he was. But did n o kn ow a a ae n e o at on e en t o the o e his dvers ry . Mich l A g l c w t P p an d threatened t o leave Rome unless justice were shown n n on a e n he on e ann him . I sisti g fr sh i quiry , c vict d N i

1 e e o ae n e o t o eon a o Ma 1 1 1 L tt r fr m Mich l A g l L rd ( y , 5 5 owe e aff e e t h e - r of hi s own en h e d e H v r , ct d by c iticisms fri ds , m an d ed in 1 60 t o b e e e e of th e en w i o e 5 r li v d burd h ch , by rd r of t h e o e h e h ad een ea n a o for e en een P p , b b ri g gr tuit usly s v t ” a hi s e a n was n ot a e te an d e . n o y rs But r sig ti cc p d , Pius IV en ew a n wa en a n a e e o n e . s o by bri f , r d his pp i tm t It th th t , t h e ea n e en eat of a a e h e at la e e n e t o r st tr y C v li ri , st d t rmi d e e e h w en e e a t o en h e h ad x cut t e ood mod l Of t h cupol . Up th e a ne al l an in ea an d e e t o o n a e r t i d his pl s his h d , r fus d c mmu ic t e t an n e th m o y o . T E ’S OR I GI NA L M OD EL ( I N WOOD) OF TH E DOME OF S . P TER

I n t h e V at ican

1 30 THE LIFE OF MICHAEL ANGELO

for he was extremely modest . The Floren tines accepted an n in an n t he plan without ch gi g it ythi g . On e of ’ ae n e o en b e o a a n a e n e Mich l A g l s fri ds , Ti ri C lc g i , m d , u d r is e n en en e a oo en o e of t he h sup ri t d c , w d m d l church , w was S O a e a o of ar t a for ea hich r r w rk th t , b uty , richn ess and variety such a buildin g had never been seen n was o en e an d 000 o n before . Buildi g c mm c d 5 cr w s e o wa a we e e en e . n ne s n o was r xp d d Th m y l cki g , w rk o e and ae n e o e e en e the o o en st pp d , Mich l A g l xp ri c d m st vi l t ” 1 was n e e an e e th s orrow . This church v r built d v n e a model disappe red . ’ was ae An e o la a a o Such Mich l g l s st rtistic dis pp intmen t . H ow o he a e ” had the on en n a c uld h v illusi , wh dyi g , th t ’ a o en e o b c m . Pe e e e e o St t r s , h rdly c mm c d , w uld v r let ed a an of o o e ? p , th t y his w rks w uld surviv him e a he hi e had he een ee o a e P rh ps ms lf , b fr , w uld h v h o of a f S a e e e . T e e e o e h tt r d th m st ry his l st pi c sculptur , a en o n o the o in the a e a Christ t k d w fr m Cr ss , C th dr l in o en e S ow t o a a a e of e a en o Fl r c , h s wh t st t d t chm t fr m t ar t he had attained . If he still con inued his work as a l o he was n o on e o e a in art scu pt r, l g r pr mpt d by f ith , but a in an d be a e n and en by f ith Christ , c us his mi d his str gth ” 2 t t a n c oul d n ot resist he temptati on o cre te . But whe 3 he had c ompleted his work he broke it H e would a e e o e a o e e had n ot e an h v d str y d it lt g th r his s rv t , t ” 4 n on o e e o e t o . A t i , b gg d him giv it him

1 Vasari . 2 was in a e e an w a a . 1 h o t h e o V s ri It 5 5 3 th t b g this rk , m st f all hi s w f r e n a e n o n o o o t h o . We ee o t uchi g rks , it is m st i tim t f l looki n g at it that th e artist S p ea ks on ly for himself ; h e suffers and

a an on e t o hi s fe n . o eo e h e h as a ea b d s hims lf suf ri g M r v r , , it pp rs , r epresen ted himself in t h e old m an with sorrowful face who e f supports th bo dy o Chr ist . 3 I n 1 5 5 5 4 e o a a n ou o n on o an d a e ae Tib ri C lc g i b ght it fr m A t i , sk d Mich l

1 32 THE LIFE OF MICHAEL ANGELO

e een Bee o en and n e e ea ne t o the b tw th v his ph w, b rs wit ss 1 w he u e a e n a seriousness with hich f lfill d his p t r l mission . It e e of an e a was in terspersed with fr qu nt fits ger . L on rdo ’ Often s orely tried his un cle s patien ce and his patience was ’ f The o b ad an r n was ffi ar from great . b y s h dw iti g su cien t t o e a e a e ae n e o who on e e t o b e x sp r t Mich l A g l , c sid r d this a h m a lack of respect t ow rds i .

I never receive a letter from you without being a e e e o I ca am at thrown in to f v r b f re n read it . I a loss t o kn ow where y ou learn t h ow to write ! Little love here I believe that if y ou had t o write t o the e ass in the o ou o t a a bigg st w rld y w uld ke greater c re . e o a e e n o the fir e e a e o n ot I thr w y ur l st l tt r i t , b c us I c uld

“

ea . I ann o e e o e e . a e a ea o r d it c t , th r f r , r ply I h v lr dy t ld ou and on an e ea e a e e e et a y , c st tly r p t d , th t v ry tim I g letter from y ou fever attacks m e before I succeed in e for a l e t o m o o t a n . n e e n e in he r di g it O c l , writ m r If ou a e an t sa t m e o e e . n o o find futur y h v ythi g y , s m on e who o h ow t o e for n ee ea for kn ws writ , I d my h d s omethin g else than t o exhaust myself in deciphering ” 2 your incomprehen sible n on sen se .

a a and en e e o e N tur lly distrustful , r d r d still m r sus picious through t he vexations which his brothers caused ’ he was n ot ea e e e as e a n e e him , gr tly d c iv d r g rds his ph w s e and a n n af e on ee e t o t o b e humbl f w i g f cti , which s m d him a e e a o e all t o one - e t o w the ddr ss d b v his m y ch st , hich b ne he wa t ae n e o n ot little oy k w s o succeed . Mich l A g l did t O e o a on e n and e a e o e hi m so . n on h sit t t ll cc si , b i g ill in an e of ea he ea n a eon a o had a ene d g r d th , l r t th t L rd h st d

1 e e This correspon d n c began in 1 5 40 . 2 a e a S a a e n o no a e t u e e e e e e st r p sim r i t r ll l tt r L tt rs , 1 5 36- 1 5 48) FAITH 1 33 t o o e and a e o e n ee n e . o R m m d s m i discr t i quiri s Furi us , he wrote the following lines t o him

eona o ! a e een ill and ou e t L rd I h v b , y rush d o ’ Ser Giovan an e o t o see had e an n Fr c sc s if I l ft ythi g . ’ Haven t you enough of my money at Floren ce You cannot beli e your family an d avoid resembling your a e wh o o e m e o own h o e in o en e f th r, dr v fr m my us Fl r c K n ow that I have made a will in such a mann er that you a n t e o m Go G h ve n othi g o xpect fr m e . then with od ; let e e see ou n o o e and ne e e t o m e my y s y m r , v r writ 1 again

e e o of an e had e effe on eona o Th s utbursts g r littl ct L rd , for they were generall y followed by affectionate letters 2 an h a a e t o o e d e en . ea a e e n pr s ts A y r l t r g i rush d R m , ae attracted by a promise of a gift of 3000 crown s . Mich l n e o n e e e a e o e t o as A g l , hurt by this i t r st d h st , wr t him follows

o n ot Y ou have come t o Rome in furi ous haste . I d know whether you would h ave come so quickly had I been in poverty an d in n eed of bread Y ou say that was o t o o e o o e of m e Y es the it y ur duty c m , thr ugh l v 3 f - a ou o e m e ou o o e o a oo o . H l v w d w rm d y l v d , y w uld a e en ae n e o ee the 000 o n and h v writt Mich l A g l , k p 3 cr w s S pend them on yourself for you have given so many t o a a fi o e ea e t o an us th t th t is suf cient . Y ur lif is d r r us th

1 e e f o 1 1 1 . L tt r July , 5 44 3 2 ae n e was t h e fir t o n o n e ew n an Mich l A g lo st i f rm his ph , duri g Th e n e in 1 a h e h ad en on e in w . ill ss 5 49 , th t m ti d him his ill will was as follows : To S igismon do an d y ou I l eave all I possess in on o an d ou such a m an n er that my brother S igism d y , my ne ew a e e al an d n e e can e e e a o ph , h v qu rights , ith r x rcis uth rity " o f t h e o er ver my possession s without th e con sen t o th . 3 ’ L amore d el tarlo 1 34 ‘THE LIFE OF MICHAEL ANGELO money But for the past forty years y ou have e on me and ne e a e e e e o ou e en a liv d , v r h v I r c iv d fr m y v 1 oo o g d w rd .

’ e on was a f eo a a a e A s erious qu sti th t o L n rdo s m rri g . 2 t a t e f It occupied he un cle nd he n phew or S ix years . The d ocile Leonardo treated t he un cle with money t o ea t o e e He a e e all l ve with he utm st def r n ce . cc pt d his e a on and e t o oo e and e e Obs rv ti s l ft him ch s , discuss r j ct t he ladies who offered themselves : he seemed t o b e n h o a f e en . ae n e o on t e on a o i di f r t Mich l A g l , c tr ry , t k a ona e n e e in the a e e e as p ssi t i t r st m tt r , v ry bit much as o was h h w s o t o a H e th ugh it e w o a g ing m rry . e a e the a a e as a e o af a in o e r g rd d m rri g s ri us f ir , which l v was the a on e le st imp ortan t poin t . Nor did m y weigh o e in th a an a o n e was much m r e b l ce . Th t which c u t d ea and ono a H e a e ne e o e h lth h ur bility . g v his ph w s m e a e e a e e o of oe - o and v ry ust r dvic , d v id p try r bust o e o n p sitiv c u sels .

a a e e on e o e a e een m an It is gr v d cisi . R c ll ct th t b tw and o an e e S o a a b e a f e en e in a e w m th r h uld lw ys di f r c g , of t en years and make sure that S he whom y ou choose 15 n ot on oo ea e e a e on a e ly g d but h lthy . S v r l p rs s h v ee e t O m t o ot n n o e m n ea e e he n . n o e . e e b m ti d pl s d , th r ou n of e t o m e in a e ou e on e e e If y thi k it , writ , c s y lik b tt r a t he o e I u n o Y ou n . n th th r will give yo my Opi i . are ee t o a e one or t he o e o e a S he of fr h v th r , pr vid d th t is n o e and e e a e an a e o a bl birth w ll duc t d , d r th r with ut 3 o a a — t d wry th n large one in order o live in peace .

1 e a H e a e a a ea u 6 1 6 . F br ry , 5 4 dds It is tru th t , l st y r , I lectured y ou SO mu ch that y ou were ashamed an d s en t m e a e a of e an o a o ou ea littl c sk Tr bbi . Ah th t c st y d r 2 o 1 t Fr m 5 47 o 1 5 5 3 . 3 A n d e ew e e Y ou ar e no t t o oo for on e ls h r l k m y , but

1 36 THE LIFE OF MICHAEL ANGELO

’ ment at his un cle s insisten ce in wishing t o get him a m rried .

” It a I e e M ae e o e e e An . is tru th t d sir it , r pli d ich l g l This m arria e oo in o e t o even our a _ g is g d , rd r pr t f mily o e a finishing with us . I kn w v ry well th t if that happen ed the world would not receive a S hock b ut every animal e t o e e e e a a striv s pr s rv its sp cies . And th t is why I w n t ” 1 y ou t o marry .

At last Michael Angelo hi mself got tired he b egan t o find that it was ridiculous that it was always he wh o ’ o e e f o e eon a o a a e ccupi d hims l v r L rd s m rri g , whilst his e a ea e t o a e e n S o he n phew pp r d t k n o int rest i it . declared that he would have n othin g more t o do with it .

For t he past sixty years I have occupied myself with o am a of y ur business . I Old n ow nd must think my

own .

At that very momen t he heard that his nephew had just o a lfi a n e o bec me eng ged t o Cassandra Rido . Mich el A g l e o e on a a e and o e a o r j ic d , c gr tul t d him pr mis d him d wry 2 f 1 00 a a a n e o en o . eon o e ae 5 duc ts L rd m rri d . Mich l A g l s t hisg ood wishes t o the newly-married couple and promised t a an a a ea ne a e . o n o e en C ss dr p rl ckl c Still , j y did pr v t him a n n ne e a a o he di d not n ow w r i g his ph w th t , lth ugh k a o e e n ee e t o a eona o much b ut th s thi gs , it s m d him th t L rd ought t o have settled very exactly all m oney questi on s e o e ea n t he e t o o e for e e was e e b f r l di g wif his h us , th r v r ” t he e of n o in e on He en e g rm disu i n th se questi s . d d his

1 H e a owe e ou d o not ee ea enou dds , h v r But if y f l h lthy gh , t hen it is better for y ou t o resign yourself t o livi n g without ” n n o e wr e e e n n o t h e wo e e b ri gi g th r tch d b i gs i t rld L tt rs , n e 2 Ju 4 , 2 M a 1 6 1 . y , 5 5 3 FAITH I 37

letter with this j ovial rec ommen dati on And n ow try t o e e e e n e a the n liv , r m mb ri g w ll th t umber of widows is ” 1 a wa ea e an a owe l ys gr t r th th t Of wid rs .

Two on a e he en t o a an a m ths l t r s t C ss dr , in stead of the o e ne a e t wo n — on pr mis d ckl c , ri gs e set with a a on t he o e a , . To ank di m d th r with ruby th him , a an a a e a e en of e C ss dr m d him pr s t ight shirts . Michael An gel o wrote in reply

e are ea e e a the a e a and e Th y b utiful , sp ci lly m t ri l , th y a a am ple se m e gre tly . But I sorry that y ou have gon e t o e en e for had e e n ee e e this xp s , I v rythi g I n d d . Giv my best than ks t o Cass an dra and tell her that I am at her disposal t o s en d an ythin g in the way of Roman or other fi articles I m ay nd here . This time I have sen t only a e n ano h e e we do e e w o e littl thi g t r tim will b tt r , ith s m ” 2

o e Wt h e her ea . n e bj ct will giv pl sure O ly t ll m e .

e T e as a e S oon children w re b orn . h first w c ll d 3 B u onarrot 0 at the e e of ae n e o the e on , r qu st Mich l A g l s c d 4 An the (who di ed shortly after birth) Michael Angelo . d old un cle who invited t he young couple t o visit him in Rome in 1 5 5 6 n ever ceased affecti onately t o take p art i the o as e as in t he o e of the a n j ys w ll tr ubl s f mily, but without ever allowing them t o occupy themselves either ea h with his affairs or even with his h lt .

Outside family relati ons Michael Angelo did not lack 5 o an n illustrious or distin guished friends . N twithst di g

1 2 e e Ma 20 1 The a e u u 1 . L tt rs , y , 5 5 3 s m , A g st 5 , 5 5 3 3 4 B B or n in 1 . orn in 1 5 5 4 . 5 5 5 5 We must make a cl ear distin cti on b etween t h e p eriods of ’ e I n ae n e o on a ee we fin d e w en h e his lif . Mich l A g l s l g c r r tim s h e i n o e a o o e w en h e h ad n e o e w liv d s litud , but ls th rs h i t rc urs ith h was on e o f a e e of en . a ou 1 1 e fri ds Thus , b t 5 5 , littl circl

— - ; - m en Florenti nes at Rome al l Open mi n ded an d good humoured 1 38 THE LIFE OF MICHAEL ANGELO

illt em er wo b e e on t o e e en his p , it uld quit wr g r pr s t him as a ea an of th e an e a e t he a on of B ee p s t D ub , ft r f shi t h o e H as an a an a o a e v n . e w It li rist cr t , highly cultur d a o t h a of o en i n d of e a e . e n pur r c Fr m d ys his y uth , sp t the a en of S an a o in t he e e o en o th e g rd s M rc , s rvic Of L r z a n en h e e a ne in e a on t he n o e of M g ific t , r m i d r l ti s with bl st 1 2 3 t he ea o n e e a e w e and a of gr t l rds , pri c s , pr l t s , rit rs rtists

as o en o B u onin se n i eon a o S ell a o o an n such D m ic g , L rd j , Gi v i S et ial e a o o eo Ver az z ano o an n Gell esi an d an p , B rt l mm , Gi v i , C i i f e en h e an e a e n e t h e ont ficat e o . gi i . A littl l t r , u d r p Cl m t VII , belon ged t o t h e witt y company of Fran cesco Bern i an d F r a S e a ano d el o o t h e e o e an e o en wh o b sti Pi mb , d v t d but d g r us fri d i n formed Michael An gelo o f al l t h e rumours con cern in g him which we e a oa an d wh o e en a a n t h e a ae r fl t , stirr d up his mity g i st R ph l a all in t h e a a o on n a e e was t . o e o p r y Ab v , d ys Of Vitt ri C l , th r t h e e of d el o a o en n e e an wh o a i e circl Luigi Ricci , Fl r ti m rch t dv s d i a e en H e m et him n his ff airs an d was his most i n timat fri d . at o e on a o ann o t h e an Ar ch adelt an d his h us D t Gi tti , musici , t h e an n h a a o on o e for oe o e e o . e d h ds m C cchi Th y c mm l v p try , ° i I f r i n e a e an d o e e . t was o o o music , ch c dish s Ricci , d sp ir v r t h e ea o f e no a ae n e o w o e o t -e d th C cchi , th t Mich l A g l r t his f r y ight n e ea e a an d o on t h e e e o f ea e a fu r l pigr ms Ricci , r c ipt ch pigr m , en t o ae n e o o oo r e e on o e s t Mich l A g l tr ut , mushr ms , t uffl s , m l s , d v s , ’ ” ’ F r e S e f e icci s 0. se R o 85 e i on o t h e o e . ( y dit P ms , lxxiii) Aft r ea in 1 6 ae n e o h ad e a e an en d th , 5 4 Mich l A g l discipl s r th r th fri ds , as a a i on an e o d a o e a on n o eon e such V s r , C divi , D i ll V lt rr , Br zi , L eon an d en en e H e n e in e a a on a e o n . L i , B v ut C lli i i spir d th m p ssi t en e a on w h e for a e a e e w o n v r ti hilst , his p rt , r g rd d th m ith t uchi g a f e n f ctio . 1 o e at th e a an n o e an o Thr ugh his duti s V tic , l ss th thr ugh t h e an e e o S ae n e o was a a gr d ur Of his r ligi us pirit , Mich l A g l p rticul rly in e w f r lati on s ith t h e high dign itari es o t h e Church . 3 m a b e wo Of n o e en assan t t a ae n e o It y rthy t , p , h t Mich l A g l n e a i e e e a o n a t o a a k w M ch av lli . A l tt r from Bi gi Buo ccorsi M chi e a e S e e e 6 1 08 n o a h e h as en v lli , d t d pt mb r , 5 , i f rms him th t s t him through Michael An gelo some mon ey belon gin g t o a woman w o e n a e n ot en h s m is giv . 3 was o e a on a a h e h ad ewe ri en It d ubtl ss m g rtists th t f st f ds , e e at t h e end of hi s e w en h e was u ou n e s es xc pt lif , h s rr d d by di cipl

1 40 THE LIFE OF MICHAEL ANGELO

fle o he as who e at a an e and d fr m him it w k pt it dist c , , To had h e e a a li e o a e ee . lik d , triumph l f c uld h v b n his a t a n a o of e t t he end Italy he w s he in c r ti n its g nius . A of a ee t he a o of the ea ena an e his c r r , l st surviv r gr t R iss c , — he pers onified it he alon e was a whole cen tury of glory . Artists were n ot the on ly people who regarded him ' 1

a e o . s a sup ern atural bein g . Princ s b owed bef re him ’ a a a e n e e e e e Fr ncis I . nd C th ri d M dici rend r d him 2 ’ o a o o e e t o a e a h m ge . C sim d M dici wished m k him 3 4 sen ator ; and when he came t o Rome treated him as an e a a e S it S e and on e e qu l , m d him by his id , c v rs d with him ’ ’ D a on en a . o o son on n e o de e c fid ti lly C sim s , Fr c sc M dici , e e e e e a in an S o n a o n e r c iv d him with b rr tt h d , h wi g b u dl ss ” 3 e f a r spect or S O rare a m an . They hon oured his gre t 3 e n o e an en a e was virtu l ss th his g ius . His Old g

surrounded by as much glory as that of Goethe or Hugo . B he was a m an of an o e e a H e h a n e e the ut th r m t l . d ith r

1 Con divi begin s his Life Of Michael An gelo as follows : S n e t h e o w en t h e o God al l - owe a e i c h ur h L rd , by His p rful Gr c , e m e wo n ot on of ee n ae n e o on a o judg d rthy ly s i g Mich l A g l Bu rr ti , — t h e u n ique p ain ter an d sculptor a privilege which I should a a e a e t o o e for — en o n on e a on h rdly h v d r d h p but Of j yi g his c v rs ti s , aff e on an d on en e n e ook i n e o n i on of cti , c fid c , I u d rt , r c g it such a a o t o o e o e e e e n in e w a ea e f v ur , c ll ct t g th r v rythi g his lif hich pp r d t o m e t o b e wo of a e an d a a on in o e a t h e rthy pr is dmir ti , rd r th t ” e a e f a m an b e e t e x mpl o such might us ful o oth rs . 2 ’ an in a e d e e i h e 6 n e n 1 . S Fr cis I . 1 5 4 ; C th ri M dici 5 5 9 w o e t o o o n ow n e t h e w o e wo h ow r t him fr m Bl is , k i g , lik h l rld , ” e o h e was t o an on e e e o f en t o b e sup ri r y ls this c tury , g him t o e an e e an a e en or at ea t o sculptur qu stri st tu Of H ry II , l st , a e a aw n N o e e 1 r m k dr i g Of it ( v mb r 4 , 5 3 I n 1 2 ae n e o n ot e at w t h e e 5 5 , Mich l A g l did r ply , hich Duk was en en en e e a ae hurt . Wh B v uto C llin i spok bout it t o Mich l n e e e e a a A g lo h r c ived s rcastic reply . 4 5 I I e n e e n o 6 1 . Nov mb r 1 5 60 . Oct b r 1 5 3 Vasari (on th e subj ect of t he recepti on which Cosimo gave ae n e Mich l A g lo) . FAITH 1 41

’ ’ o e for o a n or the a f rm r s thirst p pul rity , l tter s middl e — — class respect so free though he was for the world and e e H establish d ord r . e despised glory; he despised the “ o and o he e e the Po e w rld th ugh s rv d p s , it was under ”

o on . o eo e he n ot c mpulsi M r v r , did hide the fact that even the Popes wearied and sometimes ann oyed him by a n t o and en n for him and t lki g him s di g , , ootwith an n e o e he ne e e t o o e st di g th ir rd r , gl ct d g , wh n he was n ot t ” 1 disp osed o do so .

When a m an is so formed by n ature and education that he hates ceremonies and despises hyp ocrisy it is senseless ot t let e as he e n o him liv lik s . If he asks you for n othin g and oe n ot ee o o e do ou e d s s k y ur s ci ty , why y s ek hi s do ou t o o e t o e e t rifles Why y wish l w r him th s , which ar e incompatible with hi s retirement from the world ? He who thinks of pleasin g imbeciles rather than his genius t ” 2 is no a superi or m an .

e a on the o e e e e o His r l ti s with w rld w r , th r f re; either wholly indispen sable ones or those which were purely n e e a He a e no on e t o o i t ll ctu l . dmitt d his fell wship ; and o e n e m en of e e and a had e p p s , pri c s , l tt rs rtists littl a e i en the a l n e of e pl c n his life . Ev with sm l umb r th se for whom he felt real sym pathy it was rare that he e a a a en hi He o e en st blished dur ble fri ds p . l v d his fri ds

‘ an as nerous o a e o en e e d w g e t w rds th m but his vi l c , prid and suspicion often turned those whom he had obliged One da he o e the most in t o deadly enemies . y wr t this ea sad e e b utiful , l tt r

The p oor ungrateful man is so fashioned by n ature a in e ou o e t o hi s a an e he th t if , his distr ss , y c m ssist c will

1 ’ n Fran cis of Hollan d s Con versation s on Painti g . 2 an of o an Zoe. cit . Fr cis H ll d , 1 42 THE LIFE OF MICHAEL ANGELO say that it was he himself wh o advanced you what you If ou e wo in o e t o S ow a e . o g v him y giv him rk , rd r h y ur n e e in he e en a ou e e o e i t r st him , will pr t d th t y w r blig d t o n u e a e ou n e n o n a o e tr st him with it , b c us y k w thi g b ut I n the a e of all the en e he e e it . c s b fits which r c ives he w a a the en e a o was o e t o an t ill s y th t b f ct r blig d gr t hem . An d if the favours received are so eviden t that it is o e t o en e en t he n a e e o imp ssibl d y th m , th u gr t ful f ll w waits un til he from whom he has received good falls in to manifest error ; then he has a pretext for saying ill of and e a n e o an a kno him lib r ti g hims lf fr m y c wledgmen t . a e I e e een ea e an d et n ot an a has Thus h v v r b tr t d , y rtist a e t o m e o a n a e an d ppli d with ut my h vi g id d him , with l a n d e e e a l my he rt . A th n th y s ize up on my odd humour or the a ne e a e e am af e e and m d ss with which th y ll g I f ct d , w a n o on e e as a e e for ea n hich h rms but mys lf , pr t xt sp ki g f m h t e a f l ill o e and they insult m e . T is is h f te o a l who ” 1 do good .

I n his own house he had fairly devoted but generally a an H was e f medi ocre ssist ts . e suspect d o choosing e o e o e e ne in o e a e o m di cr w rk rs d sig dly , rd r th t th y w uld b e o e n en an d n ot o a o a o but d cil i strum ts c ll b r t rs , which ,

e e o a e een e a e . B a on b sid s , w uld h v b l gitim t ut , s ys C divi , “ was n ot e as an e oa a a he it tru , m y r pr chfully s id , th t

' O the c t rar h s o l n ot e n on . n on e o w u d giv i structi y , did o a a h w n . n o na e a e ne e o illi gly U f rtu t ly , F t rd i d th t sh uld place his han ds either on m en who showed little capacity or on others wh o were capable but lackin g in perse verance— a an who a e a few ee of ea n ssist ts , ft r w ks his t chi g , a e a considered th t th y were already m sters . e a n o eo e a the a he It is c rt i , m r v r , th t first qu lity which a required his assist n ts t o S how was absolute su b missron .

1 T e o o Gon an a 26 1 2 . Pi r di , J u ry , 5 4

1 44 THE LIFE OF MICHAEL ANGELO

e e in wax or in a . Po e e of i o ne wh th r cl y ss ss d th s f rtu , 1 t he - Antonio set ou t . But ill luck which affected t he proj ects of Michael An gelo pursued those of his humbler

en o e e en e . n on o en t o Pa fri d still m r r l tl ssly A t i w t ris ,

an was a en . S o he e the e a i t h but Fr cis I . bs t l ft L d n e a e of one of a an en ano B ona o ch rg his It li fri ds; Giuli u cc rsi , a ne t on e e he had e e o n e n . O d r tur d o Ly s , wh r s ttl d d w n returning t o Paris a few mon ths later he found that the “ e a had a ea e B ona o had o t o L d dis pp r d ; u cc rsi s ld it ,

own o t o an . n on o e his pr fit ; Fr cis A t i , wild with gri f ,

i o . e o e n a a e of e en n e an w th ut r s urc s , i c p bl d f di g hims lf , d o in the o e n di e o o at the e of l st f r ig city , d Of s rr w nd 1 5 33 B of all a an the one o ae n e o ut , his ssist ts , wh m Mich l A g l loved the most; and t o whom his affection assured ’ o a was an e o d Am adore n a e imm rt lity , Fr c sc , sur m d ’ H was i n o of a e an e . e n ae n e o Urbi , C st l Dur t Mich l A g l s service from 1 5 30 and o e und er his orders on t he .w rk d ae n was a mausoleum of Julius II . Mich l A gelo n xious as t o e of him a h had o o what would bec m fter e g ne .

' a ou do die he on e a t o Wh t will y if I c s id him . ’

e e an o e e e no . S rv th r , r pli d Urbi Poo e o ! a a e o e ou r f ll w s id his m st r , I will pr t ct y ’ o an and he a e 2000 o n at one e fr m w t , g v him cr w s tim a presen t such as only an emperor or a pope could have ” 2 made .

3 th t o i The a a Urbino was e first d e . d y fter his death Michael Angelo wrote t o his n ephew

’ o e at o o e e a a e n oo Urbin di d f ur O cl ck y st rd y ft r n . He has left me so afflicted and so troubled that it would

1 2 a a . I n 1 5 31 . V s ri 3 On e e e 1 a few a a e th e ea of ae D c mb r 3, 5 5 5 , d ys ft r d th Mich l ’ n e o a o er S on o . A g l s l st br th , igism d FAITH 1 45

a e een ea e t o die him e a h v b si r with , b c use of the love I ’ m d e o e hi . An he e a o e b r w ll did m rit th t l v . For he was a wo o a and a m an . rthy , l y l f ithful His death seems t o a e a en all e ou t of m e and h v t k lif , I cannot recover my tranquillity .

His s orrow was so profound that three months after wards he wrote this celebrated letter t o Vasari

e e ORG O ea en M ss r GI I , my d r Fri d , find a t o e i an I it h rd writ , but , n swer t o your n ou a few e e e ne . Y l tt r , I must s d y li s ou know that n o ea t o rea o an Urbi is d d , my g t l ss d unspeakable grief; for he was a ea a o o God t o m e T gr t f v ur fr m . he favour a e ea en n he e m e a e in n he is th t wh r s wh livi g k pt liv , dyi g has a m e n ot t o ea ea t o e e ha t ught f r d th , but d sir it . I d e - ea an d e e o n e o e an d him tw nty six y rs , v r f u d him d v t d a a e and o e for o in f ithful . I m d him rich , h p d his supp rt old a e he has een a en a a an can on my g , but b t k w y , d I ly o e t o see a a n in Pa a e e e God the h p him g i r dis , wh r , by e a ea H e an e has S o n h e v ry h ppy d th which gr t d him , h w H was o e e e for eav n m e a e must b e . e m r gri v d l i g pr y The t o the vexation s of the world than at death itself . e e a of m e has one and no n e b tt r p rt g with him , thi g is l ft ” 1 t o m e but infinite s orrow .

I n his confusion he begged his nephew t o come to see na o and a an a nea e him in Rome . Leo rd C ss dr ; u sy Ov r

his s orrow; came and found him in a very weak state .

1 e a 2 1 6 . F bru ry 3, 5 5 Michael An gelo con clud ed as follows : I commend myself t o ou an d b e ou t o e en e e t o e e en en o y , g y pr s t my xcus s M ss r B v ut e e o (Cellin i) if I d o not reply t o his letter . But th s th ughts

i n . cause m e so much sorrow that I am i n capable of writ g mio o o S ee also p oem clxii Et piango et p arlo d el m rt 1 46 THE LIFE OF MICHAEL ANGELO

But he gained fresh strength in the obligation which é — Urbino had imposed upon him tliat of undertakin g the a an of on one of o was o on and gu rdi ship his s s , wh m his g ds 1 o b re his n ame .

H e a e o e en — an e one ou m d th r fri dships str g s . Thr gh a desire for reacti on (so strong in : the case of m en of robust n ature) against all the constraints imposed by o e he o e t o o n e e- n e s ci ty , l v d surr u d hims lf with simpl mi d d m en who e e ven t o e n n e e e a e of , w r gi utt ri g u xp ct d fl sh s — wit and had free manners m en who were n ot made like all the o s of . e e wa o o n o a on e e w rld Th r T p li , st cutt r a a a who o e a oo o and C rr r , th ught hims lf g d sculpt r , who n ever l oaded a boat for Rome without sendin g three or fo e e of own at ae n e o ur littl figur s his , which Mich l A g l ” 2 e of a n i h lla a a n e of . Men e di d l ughi g g , clumsy p i t r al a H a t o s ae n e o n o was an o e . e e ee V d r , th r c m Mich l A g l o t o e t t o or fr m time tim and go him o draw St . R ch t o a n an t o t a a ae . on d St Anth y p i t sell he pe s n ts . Mich l n e o o was a t o e a e t o o for n A g l , wh m it h rd p rsu d w rk ki gs , put aside everything t o make simple design s suitable t o ’ ll a his friend s style an d requiremen ts as Menighe a s id . Among other thin gs he did a model of a Crucifix of great ” 3 ea For a a e who a e in a n n he b uty . b rb r , d bbl d p i ti g , design ed a c artoon represen ting the Stigmatisati on of an f : one of St . Fr cis . Other friends o his were his

1 To o n e a th e w e of U no h e w o e e e of C r li , if rbi , r t l tt rs full af e o o n t o a e t h e e ae n e o n o f cti n, pr misi g t k littl Mich l A g l i t his house ; t o S how him mor e love than h e S howed t o even t h e children of his n eph ew Le on ardo an d t o teach hi m al l that Urbin o h ad d esired him t o lear n (March H e did r - i not pardon Corn eli a for e marryi n g n 1 5 5 9 . 2 r S ee Vasari fo an account of his facetiou s ways . 3 The m e sa .

FAITH 1 47

o an o en who o e on t R m w rkm , w rk d he mausoleum of

Julius II an d who thought he had become a great

o o a n a en a e e a e o o sculpt r , with ut h vi g t k c r , b c us , by f ll wing ’ ae n e o n on he ha Mich l A g l s i structi s implicitly , d produced o a o of a e t o a on en fr m bl ck m rbl , his st ishm t , a beautiful a e the a e o o P o o st tu f c ti us g ldsmith , il t , surn amed a a the a n a o a n L sc ; l zy I d c , th t si gular painter who o e a e n as as he e e e a n l v d ch tt ri g much d t st d p i ting , and who was accustomed t o say that c ontinual work 1 without pleasure was un worthy of a Christian ; and especially the ridiculous and in offensive Gi uliano Bugiar n for o ae n e o e e a a di i , wh m Mich l A g l f lt sp ci l symp thy .

ano o e e a n a a n ne a e Giuli p ss ss d tur l ki d ss , simpl anne of n o e e e ne or en m r livi g , with ut ith r wick d ss vy , ea ea ae n which gr tly pl sed Mich l An gelo . His o ly fault was a t a o e f r O ae oo gre t l v o his wn works . But Mich l An gelo e t o on e hi m a e a e he was on en e us d c sid r h ppy , b c us c t t d n o e e e ea he e was ne e with his k wl dg , wh r s hims lf v r fully O a e own o . n one o ca on s tisfi d with his w rks c si , ’ Messer Ottaviano de Medici asked Giuliano t o pain t ’ o set t o o and a e ae n o o a . an Mich l A gel s p rtr it Giuli w rk , , ft r ee n ae e o ea e for t wo o o k pi g Mich l Ang l s t d h urs , with ut S ea in a word a t o : ae n e o o e an d p k g , s id him Mich l A g l , c m ’ s o e e on ae n e o ee how I have caught y ur xpr ssi . Mich l A g l o e an oo n at the o a a a n a r s , d l ki g p rtr it , s id , l ughi g Wh t the devil have you done ? Y ou have put one eye on ’ — n e e o my temple look here a mome t . At th s w rds oo n e e a e at Giuliano was beside himself . L ki g s v r l tim s the o a an o e al e n a e he o e e p rtr it d his m d l , t r t ly , b ldly r pli d

do n ot n o e S it o n and o e , I tic it , but d w I will c rr ct it if ’ nee b ae n e o who n e how the ef e had d e . Mich l A g l , k w f ct e a en sat o n s n in on of ano who, a ris , d w , mili g , fr t Giuli , ft r

1 ar Vas i . 1 48 THE LIFE OF MICHAEL ANGELO

oo n at an d e se e a e o e an d l ki g him his pictur v r l tim s , r s said It seems t o m e that the eye is as I have drawn ’ ’

and na e o . e en e on e it , tur sh ws it thus W ll , th , r sp d d n f a o ae n e o a a a o n e . n n e Mich l A g l l ughi g , it is f ult tur C ti u ’ ’ 1 t o and d on t spare he c ol ur .

S o n en e ae n e o was not much i dulg c , which Mich l A g l a o e t o o t o o e m en he a e ccust m d sh w th r , but which l vish d on e e n n an e n oe n ot e of a th s i sig ific t b i gs , d s imply l ss th t ban tering humour which makes merry Over human 2 stupidities than of affectionate pity for these p oor

e e who a ne e e ve t o b e ea a , wr tch s, im gi d th ms l s gr t rtists and who e a n e e a on on own o , p rh ps , i spir d m dit ti his f lly c omposite of a good deal of melancholic and farcical irony .

1 Vasari . 2 ’ ke a o all e an o - o e m en ae n e o Li lm st m l ch ly s ul d , Mich l A g l s o was o e e H e w o e e e oe hum ur s m tim s comic . r t burl squ p ms ’ a e t h e ann e f e n n e was e e e ft r m r o B r i . But his buffoo ry v r rugg d d an o e e on a e . F or n an e see o n b rd r d tr g dy i st c , his m ur ful ” a a u e of t h e in fir miti es of a e oe and c ric t r Old g P ms , lxxxi) , his f a o o a o e oe th e sa e x x x v n . p r dy l v p m ( m , )

1 5 0 THE LIFE OF MICHAEL ANGELO

oi his o e a n a an . a e an pr mis s , ddi g th t if Fr cis I c m d r e-established liberty in Floren ce he would undertake t o raise a bronze equestrian statue t o him on the Piazza 1 n I 1 6 della Sign oria at hi s own expe se . n 5 4 he gave t o o in e o n on of the o a he had e e e Str zzi , r c g iti h spit lity r c iv d , t o e e e t a he t wo a e n o n . Sl v s , which Str zzi pr s t d Fr cis I But this was merely an outburst of political fever t e a o In o e a a e of hi s a o e h l st ne . s m p ss g s Di l gu s with ’ ann o in 1 he e e e a o o o o Gi tti , 5 45 , xpr ss s lm st T lst y s th ughts on the uselessness of struggling and of non-resistance t o evil .

It is a piece of great presumption t o dare t o kill an one for we ann o kno e a n e e y , c t w with c rt i ty wh th r his death will lead t o any good or whether any good will o a n e e a o hear o e c me from his de th . Co s qu ntly I c nn t th s men who believe that it is impossible t o produce good — n e e e n e a e . u l ss th y b gi with vil th t is , with murd r e an e n ew e e a e e e are an o e Tim s ch g , v nts ris , d sir s tr sf rm d m A d a e all the n o e een an d en o e . n gr w tir d , ft r , u f r s a always h ppens .

The same Michael Angelo who had S poken in favour of tyran nicide n ow grew irritated against revoluti onari es

' a e th o at a t r k who imagin ed they could ch ng e w rld s o e . H e e n e a he had een one of e and was w ll k w th t b th m , it h e o he on e ne e . e a e e hims lf wh m c d m d bitt rly Lik H ml t , o a o t e e n n ow— o had d ubts b u v rythi g his th ughts , his He a e and e e n he had e e e . ne h tr ds , v rythi g b li v d tur d

his back on action . a one m an he o e w o e e t o o e Th t h st , wr t , h r pli d s m one am n ot a a e an am an one m an and I st t sm , I h st ’ t o a m an of o on en e S o e he . n c mm s s , p k truth If ly my

1 e e o o t o e o o S o 2 1 L tt r fr m Ricci Rub rt di Filipp tr zzi (July , 1 5 44) SOLITUDE 1 5 1

works in Rome gave m e as little worry as affairs of 1 State The was he n o on e a e truth l g r h t d . He could no longer s t oo wa a e . hate . It l t

’ hi e a o o a e a A m , l ss chi pur tr pp sp tt , ’ ’ Ch i gion ga a suoi con forti tanto t ar dj l n o se b en r i u ar d A c r , g j , ’ U n en e o o a e e n ob il o e g r s , lt r c r ’ ’ ’ e on et o a a offen a 2 P rd p rt chi l d more .

’ H e e at a e de o on the o of a n liv d M c l C rvi , f rum Tr j a . e e he had a o e a e a n e Th r h us with littl g rde . H occupied 3 a a e a e an and o e an a H it with v l t , s rv t his d m stic im ls . e ” was n ot o n a e e an all of o f rtu t with his s rv ts wh m , ” a Va a e e and ne i en He o en s ys s ri , w r dirty gl g t . ft 4 an e e an o a ne e He had as ch g d th m d c mpl i d bitt rly . many di fficulties with them as Beethoven had ; an d his ’ o o e e Bee o en o e oo en on Ric rdi (N t s) , lik th v s N t b ks , m ti

1 Letter t o his n ephew Leon ardo 2 o e 6 . P ms , ci , 4 “ x Woe t o m e a e t oo on a wa woe t o m e wh o , f tigu d by l g it , a a n t oo a e th e oa h ad e e ! An d n ow do ou not tt i l t g l I d sir d , y n ow ? ene o o an d no e ea a on an d k it A g r us , pr ud bl h rt p rd s , ” offers love t o h e wh o h as offen ded it . Michael An gelo h er e im agin es a dialogu e between t h e poet and a en ne e e o e a h e w o e t h e oe a e Flor ti xil . It is p ssibl th t r t p m ft r ’ th e assassi n ation of Alessandro de Medici by Loren zino in i w 1 6 . a ea e for t h e e n 1 5 3 It pp r d first tim 543, ith music by Ar Gi acomo ch ad elt . ' 3 on hi s e an no e ou t of o a en Am g s rv ts I t , curi sity , Fr ch ” m an na e a a o an e e n e 1 8 1 2 . , m d Rich rd Ricc rd fr z s (Ju , 5 5 ”

o . Ric rdi , p 4 S o e t o find h e w o e t o eona o a oo , I h uld lik , r t L rd , g d ean e a a e fi : e ar e all cl s rv n t . But th t is v ry dif cult th y dirty ’ an d d ebauched S on tutte puttan e e porche ) I give t en ” we e a on . e oo a jul s m th I liv p rly , but I p y ll u 1 6 Aug st , 1 5 2 THE LIFE OF MICHAEL ANGELO

e e o e o a e . a S he ha ne e th s h us h ld qu rr ls Oh , th t d v r ee e e he o e in 1 60 a e di n a e an b n h r wr t 5 , ft r smissi g s rv t o n amed Gir lama . 1 oo was as a as a o e ea e His r m d rk t mb , spid rs cr t d there a thousand pieces of work an d un woun d their ” 2 a a a the a a e he ha a n little dist ffs . H lfw y up st irc s d p i ted 3 a of ea ea n a offin on o e . figure D th , b ri g c his sh uld rs 4 He e e a oo m an at e a an i n and liv d lik p r , h rdly yth g , , e n a e t o ee e t o et at n t o o b i g un bl sl p , us d g up ight w rk H e a a e a of a a w e . h d e e e nd ith his chis l m d h lm t p p r, e a e an e a o e the e of ea W k pt light d c dl b v middl his h d , hich ” 3 e , th o e a a light d e w rk without mb rr ssing his hands .

1 L m ia a o a a oe . scur t mb P ms , lxxxi) ’ 2 ’ ’ - D ov e Aragu e mill opre et lavoran ti Et fan l r fi an d f sai l di o l o u u o o . T ( h e same . ) 3 On t h e coffin was t h e followi n g epitaph I o o a v oi al on o a e e a o dic , ch: m d v t d t ’ ’ ’ L e ni ma e l corp o e 10 S pirto n siem e ’ I e a a n qu sta c ssa oscura e l vostro l to . T c u h e a e x x x v . ( s m , ) e ou ou wh o a e ou o an d S t o t h e wo I t ll y , y g v s l , b dy , pirit rld — at on e an d th e s ame time in this d ark b ox y ou hold every ” thin g . 4 a e n a h e e a n e on en H e w s v ry sober . Whe youth r m i d c t t w a e ea an d w n e in o e t o e o e e en e ith littl br d i , rd r d v t hims lf tir ly I n old a e h e e e a n e Th e a t o wo . o t h rk his g , fr m tim p i t d L st ’ en h e e t o n a l it tl e on in t h e e en n w en Judgm t , us d dri k , but ly v i g , h ’ t h e a wo wa e an d in t h e o o e a e ann e d y s rk s Ov r , m st m d r t m r . w h e e e m an e e r o h e as a oo . N o Alth ugh rich , liv d lik p r v r a e a H e n e e e a n e t w . ot en r r ly did fri d ith him did lik pr s ts , a a e a o e a e s h e alw ys f lt obliged t o m ke a return . His s bri ty m d an e a him watchful d caus ed him t o n eed very little sl ep (V sari) . 5 a a n o n a h e n ot u se wax an e V s ri , tici g th t did lights , but c dl s f a e of oa fat en o t o n o t h e a e . m d g t , s t him f r y p u ds l tt r His e an o e t o ae n e o e e t o s rv t br ught th m him , but Mich l A g l r fus d ” a e t S ir a h e e an e a e o en e . t cc pt h m . s id s rv t , th y h v br k ’ a on wan t a e e a t o t h e o e an d o . my rms , I d t t t k th m b ck h us

1 5 4 THE LIFE OF MICHAEL ANGELO

towards Vasari and said I am so old that death e en a at an e t o a e m e and one da fr qu tly dr gs my m tl t k , y . ’ my person will fall like this light .

H e was absorbed by the idea of death from day t o a a e e day it became gloomier and more ttr ctiv . Th re ” not one of o he a t o a a on hi is my th ughts , s id V s ri , w ch ” 1 t o ow ea n ot ee en a e . ee e n d th is d ply gr v d It s m d him , , t o b e the only happiness in life . — When my past is b efore m e and that is so every o en — I en e n ow a e o t he e o a d m m t th w ll k , O f ls w rld rr r n th a of th an a He who en on en n e f ult e hum r ce . ds by c s ti g t o listen t o your flat t eries and your vain delights prepares a o H e n o e — he ho p inful s rrows for his s oul . k ws w ll w has had experien ce- how often you promise the peac e a t o e or e e nd o e ou do n o n . pr sp rity which y p ss ss , v r will on e en the ea a o e e n he who e a n C s qu tly , l st f v ur d b i g is r m i s the longest here below whilst he who lives the shortest 2

th a t a e . time e more e sily return s o He v n . a n ea e a o a e an ea of H vi g r ch d my l st h ur , ft r m y y rs e a e o n e o o a ! Y ou lif , I t rdily r c g is , O w rld , y ur ch rms o e ea e and ou o e n ot ou o e e pr mis p c , y p ss ss it y pr mis r st , which dies before birth This I say and kn ow from experience he alon e is elected t o Heaven whose deat h ” 3 o f llows closely on his birth .

On n e e eon a o e n the h of hi s son his ph w L rd f ti g birt , a a Mich el Angelo bl med him severely .

h o a m n ot T is p mp disple ses e . It is p ermissible t o a en th e o o e n l ugh wh wh le w rld is we pi g . It is senseless

1 Non n asce in m e p en si ero ch e n on vi sia d en tro sculpit a ” l a o e e n e 22 m rt Lett rs , Ju , 2 S ee en o e App dix xxiii P ms , cix , 3 The a e i th e a e s m , xx v ( s m , cix , SOLITUDE 1 5 5 t o celebrate such a fete in honour of one who has just been o Y ou S o b rn . h uld reserve your gladness for the day on ” 1 i a m an who has wh ch lived well dies .

And in the following year he congratulated him on a o e on son S o a e h ving l st his s c d h rtly ft r birth .

a e hi o a ona e e en e and N tur , w ch , thr ugh his p ssi t xist c the e ia a a e of n e l e a eni he had p cul r ch r ct r his i t l ctu l g us , 2 t o en n e e e was a o e of on o a on t o up th gl ct d , s urc c s l ti him in n n ea I n e 1 6 en ee n e . e e his d cli i g y rs S pt mb r 5 5 , wh fl i g o o e h was ea ene the an oo fr m R m , w ich thr t d by Sp ish tr ps of the e of a he a e o e o and e e Duk Alb , p ss d by Sp l t th r e a ne five ee in the of the oak and o ve r m i d w ks , midst li oo ene a e o and o the e ene w ds , p tr t d thr ugh thr ugh by s r o f t a n It was e e a he S plend ur o he utum . with r gr t th t e n e t o o e t o he was e a e at the end r tur d R m , which r c ll d of o a e e o e an a of e o e Oct ber . I h v l ft m r th h lf mys lf v r “ e e he o t o a a for e ea e t o b e th r , wr te V s ri v rily p c is

found only in the woods . 3 Pace non si trova senon me boschi .

- And on returning t o Rome the Old m an of eighty two d comp osed a beautiful p oem t o the glory of the fields an

1 Le e t o asa a e now not w a d ay of 1 5 5 4 tt r V ri , d t d I k h t April ’ A di n on so quan ti d aprile 1 5 5 4 2 wa o t owns at I n spite of t h e years which h e spen t a y fr m a i on a a a or at S e a e a h e h ad a wa a e a en C rr r r v zz , l ys p id littl tt t t o a e a a e in wo ; n ature . Landscap e h as v ry sm ll pl c his rk i s e oe of th e it i s r educed t o a few summary i ndications in h fr sc s o S ne a e I n e e ae n e o di fe isti . this r sp ct , Mich l A g l f rs fr m ( Ch p l Fr an cra an d hi s on e a ae an e no , , c t mporari es R ph l , Titi , P rugi l em rsh eon a o da e e e th e an a e of th e F L rd Vi n ci . H d spis d l dsc p s ” i n h e a , a e e n a o . a , m st rs , th n much i f v ur R gs , s id ru s — a ar een e a e w ee e an d e w gr fi lds sh d d ith tr s , riv rs , bridg s h t e d e e called lan dscap es—and with man y figures here an th r

Dialogues o f Fran cis of Hollan d) . 3 ” e e s e e e 28 1 6 . L tt r , D c mb r , 5 5 1 5 6 THE LIFE OF MICHAEL ANGELO

o n e he on a e an e . c u try lif , which c tr st d with city v iti s This was his last poetical work and it contains all the 1 freshness of youth . B i a re as in art and as in o e was God for ut n n tu ; l v , it

o he was ee n and t o o he a e nea e . wh m s ki g , wh m d ily dr w r r o he was n ot He had always been a believer . Th ugh t o b e ea e e e e e e or on or de . sily d c iv d ith r by pri sts m ks ‘ v ot ees of e e sex and o h o an o o n ith r , th ug , sh uld pp rtu ity 2 of e he ea e e o en e n e e e was f r , tr t d th m with ut t d r ss , th r

1 I refer t o t h e un finished poem of on e hu n dred and fifteen lines beginnin g with th e words Nuovo pi acere e di m agiore stima ’ ’ Veder l ardite capre 5 0pr u n sasso on a ascien do or e a or e a a M t r , p qu st qu ll cim It is a fresh an d ever relished pleasure t o see t h e d ari n g oa on a o b rowz in on on e an d en g ts climb up r cky hill , g first th upon an other p eak e e o ow t h e n on of e wh o a e t h e oe O o e I h r f ll Opi i Fr y , d t s p m ct b r ’ t o e e e o e a e t o ae n e o D c mb r 1 5 5 6 . Th d ttribut s it Mich l A g l s o oe n ot e mit ee t o m e a ffi en oo y uth , but d s giv , s ms , su ci tly g d ea on f r s n r s o o doi g . 3 I n 1 8 w en a n n e ew eon a o o a n 5 4 , h dissu di g his ph L rd fr m m ki g a a e t o o e o h e a e a e t o S en pilgrim g L r t , dvis d him r th r p d his on e in a F or ou e on e t o th e e m y ch rity . if y giv m y pri sts , God n ow w a e w do w I k s h t th y ill ith it (April 7 , S ebastian o d el Piombo havin g t o p ain t a mon k at S an Pietro in on o o ae n e o o a hi on wo o M t ri , Mich l A g l th ught th t t s m k uld sp il e e n T e n on o f t h e v rythi g . h mo ks havin g caused t h e perditi wo w so a e wo not b e a on hi n e rld , hich is l rg , it uld st is g if th y ” u ne a e a e r i d littl ch p l . At th e time when Michael An gelo was seekin g a wife for his n e ew a e o a a e t o see hi m an d a e ea n ph , d v ut l dy c m , , ft r pr chi g a e on an d e o n t o e ff e e for him s rm xh rti g him pi ty, O r d him

eon a o a ou wh o o e e oo n e . o L rd pi s girl , p ss ss d g d pri cipl s I t ld h er in e w o e Mi ae n e o a S h e wo do r ply , r t ch l A g l , th t uld much better t o occupy herself with S pinni n g and weavin g than in fussin g aroun d people in this wa . an d bargainin g with holy y ! ” n e e 1 thi gs L tt rs , July 9 , H e wrote fierce S avon arola-like poems against those guilty

1 5 8 THE LIFE OF MICHAEL ANGELO

1 n o e as o e o a e e e e a It is i c rr ct , s m w uld h v us b li v , th t he was indifferen t t o the worship of the s ain ts and t he o b e a e a t o a e a o e an Virgin . It w uld pr tty ide m k Pr t st t of the m an who devoted the last twenty years of his life t o n the e e of the o e Pe e and o e buildi g t mpl Ap stl t r , wh s a o n e e ea was a a e of l st w rk , i t rrupt d by d th , st tu

. Pe e . We an o o e a on a o o a on St t r c n t f rg t th t , v ri us cc si s , he wished t o un dertake great pilgrimages m in 1 5 45 t o S an a o o Com ost ello in 1 6 t o o e o an d a Gi c m di p , 5 5 L r t , th t he belon ged t o t he brotherhood of S an Gi ovann i Decollat o th e . o n e Ba . B e a e e (St J h ptist) ut it is tru th t , lik v ry 2 i ea an he e and e in . e n gr t Christi , liv d di d Christ I liv ” o e he o e t o a e in 1 1 2 and p v rty with Christ , wr t his f th r 5 , when dying he begged them t o remember t he sufferings of o t h f e o a Christ . Fr m e time o his fri n dship with Vitt ri o o n a an d e e all a e her ea a C l n , sp ci y ft r d th , his f ith a e a o e e a e a a e the a e e ssum d m r x lt d ch r ct r . At s m tim that his ar t was devoted almost exclusively t o the glory 3 of the Pa on of oe was a o e in ssi Christ , his p try bs rb d He a e ar t an oo e e in the a e mysticism . bjur d d t k r fug l rg , e ea a f th wid spr d rms o e crucified J esus .

The o e of e has ea e on a o sea c urs my lif r ch d , st rmy and in a a e oa the o on o t e e we an t o fr gil b t , c mm p r wh r l d

n o th e o e t o e a e e of a e a en an d o e o o i t h us f tch pi c p p r , p , s m c l urs ; h e ew t h e a ar on an d w en h e h ad n e th e S n dr pp iti , h fi ish d ig ” a ea e F r a en e e o n e a dili en t is dis pp r d ( B d tt Vul r g , MS S R i car e o a . c di anu s . e o third p rt . 29 85 Quot d by Th d fr m a Vill ri . ) 1 enr H y Thod e . 2 en eon e eon in 1 60 en a e a e a ea n Wh L L i , 5 , gr v d m d l b ri g t h e e f of ae n e o th e a e h ad a e on t h e e e e f igy Mich l A g l , l tt r tr c d r v rs t h e e o f a n m an l ed a do wi th e n on figur bli d , by g, th i scripti D o ceb o in i uos a a e m i r r a a q vi s tu s t i p i ad t e con v e t ent u (V s ri) . 3 “ ” ” e . . u the n o en of r t g His Cr cifix , E t mbm t Ch ist , Chris " ” a en wn o om th e o an d the e a. t k d fr Cr ss , Pi t SOLITUDE 1 5 9

give an accou n t and a reas on for every good and impious

o . on e en e o n e o w rk C s qu tly , I r c g is n w how full of errors was the passi onate illusion which made m e turn ar t into an idol and a monarch and I see clearly what every m an fo e e r . a are a o o d sir s his hurt Wh t m r us , vain and j oyous thoughts now that I approach two deaths Of one am e a n and the o e ea e m I c rt i , th r thr t ns e . Neither painting n or sculpture are any longer capable of calming the o ne o a a ne o e o s ul , tur d t w rds th t divi l v which pens , ” 1 t o a e a o the o t k us , its rms up n cr ss .

But the purest flower which faith and suffering sent forth in the Old s orrowful heart of Michael Angelo was e a divin ch rity . 2 m an o ene e a e of a a e ne e This , wh m mi s ccus d v ric , v r

1 en oe cx l v n App dix , xxv P ms , ) . hi on n e w e on e t he ne a T s s t , hich Fr y rightly c sid rs fi st th t ae n w a e - e o e e o e o 1 1 6 . Mich l A g l v r r t , d t s fr m 5 5 5 5 5 a e n e of o e oe e e in a o a e A l rg umb r th r p ms xpr ss , f rm th t is l ss ea w e u a e o on and a a a en en b utiful but ith q l m ti f ith , simil r s tim t see en ( App dix , xxvi) . 2 n n n These rumours were circulated by Ar etino a d Ba di elli . ’ Th e e of U r b inO S a a o e a e in 1 2 t o an on e Duk Amb ss d r r l t d , 5 4 , y wh o would listen t o hi m that Michael An gelo h ad become immen sely rich by len din g upon usury th e mon ey h e h ad rec eived from

f r h e n en h e h ad not e e e . ae Julius II . o t mo um t x cut d Mich l n e o h ad t o a e a n e en own a e e was o n A g l , c rt i xt t , sh th t th r gr u d for these accusation s by th e hardness which h e sometimes S owe in nes —for n an e in t h e a e of S no e h d busi s i st c , c s ig r lli en o a a n w o h e o ee e in 1 1 8 for a oan a e in s i r , g i st h m pr c d d 5 l m d — - n n for oa n a a a 1 5 1 3 an d by a peasan t like i sti ct h rdi g , r p city H e a a e which was un ited wi th his n atural gen erosity . m ss d on e an d o e so t o sa in a ann e a was m y pr p rty , but , y , m r th t I ea h e was e e e e an a an a . n m ch ic l d heredit ry r lity , xtr m ly H e n ot n e en in n e H e n ot kee a o n . glig t busi ss . did p cc u ts did a ew n ow w a h e o e e an d h e a e ee . k h t p ss ss d , g v fr ly His f mily dr e e H e a e o a e en t o hi s en c asel ssly on his capital . m d r y l pr s ts fri ds and e an The a o of wo we e en not o ; s rv ts . m j rity his rks r giv , s ld 1 60 THE LIFE OF MICHAEL ANGELO

ea e the o e of e t o a the n o na e c s d , wh l his lif , ssist u f rtu t , o Not o e S o b oth known and unkn wn . nly did he ver h w t he most touchin g affecti on for his old servants and for o e of a e — for a e a n ona a e a o th s his f th r c rt i M M rgh rit , wh m he oo n o o e a e t he ea of B on a o t k i t his h us ft r d th Old u rr ti , and whose decease caused him more distress than if she 1 had een a e f r a e a en e who had b sist r ; o humbl c rp t r , o e on the af o n of t he ne a e and for w rk d sc f ldi g Sisti Ch p l , 2 whose daughter he provided a d owry ; but he was on an n t o t he oo an d e e a t o the c st tly givi g p r , sp ci lly H e t a e e an disreputable poor . e lik d o associ te his n ph w d n e e e e a of a t o n e e a i c with th s cts ch rity , i spir th m with a e for S a a on an t o et e t o a e t st imil r cti s , d g th m c rry th m ou t o his n a e e n e one for he e e , with ut m b i g m nti d , d sir d 3

a a _ - He o e th t his ch rity should remain a se cret . l v d

’ nd h e wo e a a N e n e a e e . O on e on rk d gr tuitously t S t . P t r s c d m d e of n e e e e e an h of a n lov mo y mor s v r ly th e did . Avidity g i ” a e a S in h e w e t hi s o e B u on arr t o a a e o o o . is v ry gr t , r t br th r V s ri i ndign an tly protests a gain st th e calumn i es of th e en emies of ae n e o an d e a th e an n a e a e Mich l A g l , r c lls m y thi gs his m st r g v ’ t o o a o d e a a e n o Altov iti S e a ano d el T mm s C v li ri , Bi d , b sti o o an d e a o e n e e aw n t o n on o Pi mb , Gh r rd P ri i , pric l ss dr i gs ; A t i ” n th e e a w al l th e a oon an d o e t o a o Mi i , L d , ith c rt s m d ls B rt “ l om m eo e n an a a e n en t o B tti i , dmir bl Cupid kissi g V us t h e a of a o a No m e an e e t o o e o S o M rquis V st , li t g r R b rt tr zzi , th e two S a e t o hi s e an n on o a en l v s s rv t A t i , Christ t k wn t h e &c d n n h e on e o o o . o ot d fr m Cr ss , I thi k , c clud s , a a m an wh o a e n wo t ou an of th t g v such thi gs , r h th s ds scudi , ” can b e a e w a a e t x d ith v ric . 1 Letters t o Giov an S imon e ( 1 5 33) and t o Leon ardo B u o n ar r ot i (November 2 a a V s ri . 3 ee t o m e a ou n e e a n t oo It s ms th t y gl ct lmsgivi g much , h e wrote t o Leon ardo Y ou write t o m e that y ou would like t o give this woman o o o n f r th e e f a e e m e u f ur g ld cr w s o lov o God . Th t pl as s (A gust 1 5 471 B e a e t o e in a e w e e t e e ea nee and c r ful giv c s s h r h r is r l d ,

E P I L O G U E

1 66 THE LIFE OF MICHAEL ANGELO

e e a a z My face is a scarecrow . Th r is ce seless buz ing in ea —ih one a e n web in the o e a my rs spid r spi s its , th r

e all n . a a hi a e a crick t chirps ight My c t rrh , w ch c us s t a m t a e in oa no o e o ee . r ttl my thr t , will ll w sl p This the end t o art o e m e o has is which , which pr mis d gl ry , POOr e e e l m a u ar o m e. o d n o e br ught , Ov rwh lm d ; y t e o e n e ea o e k o o aid . d str y d , u l ss d th c m s quic ly y ur a e has a e e o n and o en m e and the F tigu qu rt r d , t r br k , 1 a a - hostelry which w its m e is Death .

ea e e o o he o e t o Va a in My d r M ss r Gi rgi , wr t s ri ne 1 ou e o ni e o an n Ju 5 5 5 , y will r c g s fr m my h dwriti g 2 a t - th t I have reached he twen ty fourth hour .

Va a who a e t o see him 111 the n of 1 60 s ri ; c m spri g 5 , o n H a en ou t ex e e ea . e e e f u d him tr m ly w k h rdly v r w t , an n l ed eo e t o e e d slept very little . Everythi g p pl pr sum a h t I e o n ea e he th t e had n ot l on g o live . n b c mi g w k r became more tender and easily gave way t o tears .

I a e een t o see ea ae n e o o e h v b my gr t Mich l A g l , wr t a a He ot e and o e as . n ex V s ri did p ct my visit , sh w d much emotion as a father would have d one on finding a o so H e e a a o n ne and l st n . thr w his rms r u d my ck weeping with pleasure lacrym an do per dolcezza ” 3 kissed m e a thousand times .

H e had o n o n o eve as e a of l st thi g , h w r , r g rds lucidity n a O t he o a on of the e a e mi d nd energy . n cc si visit r l t d by Vasari he conversed at len gth with him on vari ous

1 ee t ran a on see en x x v u oe . A fr sl ti ( App dix , ) P ms , lxxxi) 2 e e t o a a n e 22 am n ot on old L tt r V s ri (Ju , I ly , h e h ad a ea w en t o a in 1 o n a on lr dy ritt V rchi , 5 49 , but I c u t m g ’ t h e ea Non o o son e o m a a n el nu e o d e d d s l v cchi , qu si m r morti 3 ’ ett er fr o a a t o os o d e e 8 L m V s ri C im M dici (April , DEATH 1 67 a e a e a e on e n n o rtistic subj cts; g v him dvic c c r i g his w rk , ’ 1 and a o an e on o e a t o P e . cc mp i d him h rs b ck St . et r s In t e on of 1 61 he had a a a a n h m th August 5 n tt ck . H vi g sat for ee on e e o n a e ee a n thr c s cutiv h urs with k d f t , dr wi g , he was en e e a n and e n sudd ly s iz d with p i s f ll i to convulsion s .

e an n on o o n n on o . a a e His s rv t A t i f u d him u c sci us C v li ri , an n and a a n a ene t o o e on e B di i C lc g i h st d his h us , but th ir a a a An e o a o t e few a rriv l Mich el g l h d c me o hims lf . A d ys afterwards he began t o go ou t again on horseback and t 2 t o work on the drawings for he Porta Pia . The n a a e m an o n e no e e i tr ct bl Old w uld , u d r pr t xt

a oe e a o eo e t o oo a e . en wh ts v r , ll w p pl l k ft r him His fri ds were con tinually tortured by the thought that he was alone with n egligen t and unscrupulous servants and at the mercy of a fresh attack . His heir Leon ardo had formerly received such rude rebuffs when he had wished t o come t o Rome t o watch ’ over hi s un cle s health that he n o longer dared t o risk the o e I n 1 6 he n e of o j urn y . July 5 3 i quir d him thr ugh e t o see an d in Daniello da Volterra if he would lik him , , view of the suspicions which his visit might inspire in ’ n a e a hi s af a Michael An gelo s distrustful mi d , dd d th t f irs e o e n a he was and had n o on e w re pr sp ri g , th t rich l g r n The o m an e e a ; need of an ythi g . r guish Old r pli d th t n e was so he was e e and a he oul si c this , d light d , th t w d give the little he p ossessed t o the poor . a o n o ean a e A month later L eon rd , by m s s tisfi d with the ne t o the a e and e e e the reply , retur d ch rg xpr ss d d o e who anxiety he felt on the subj ect of his heal th an th s e ae n e o en a surroun ded him . This tim Mich l A g l s t him

1 - e H e was eight y fiv e years of ag . h e h ad a e 2 It was then that h e recollected th e contract m d , th e o f . for six ty years before with t h e heirs o Pius , Picc , III t l om ini a a of S en n a an d wi e to ar ou . lt r i , sh d c ry it 1 68 THE LIFE OF MICHAEL ANGELO furi ous letter; which shows the astonishing vitality of man of -e — x on s e o e ea this eighty ight si m th b f r his d th .

I see from your letter that you believe certai n en o a a wh o e a e e can ne e r ob m e vi us r sc ls , , b c us th y ith r , n or m f o a e e e e ou a e o e . d wh t th y lik with , writ y budg t li s They ar e a band of scamps and y ou are so stupid that ou a e a in e on the e of af a y pl c f ith th m subj ct my f irs , e as though I were a child . S nd them about their busi n e e are eo e who n on o e e ss; th y p pl bri g ly tr ubl with th m , who n en an ho th f e a e d e e e o . i spir but vy , w liv lif b gg rs Y ou say that I suffer from the p oint of vi ew of service I e ou a as e a e an I o not b e but t ll y th t , r g rds s rv ts , c uld o a m re faithfully served n or better treated in every w y . An d as t o the ea of o e t o ou a e e f rs r bb ry which y llud , I t ll y ou that t he people who are in my house are such that can e in ea e as e a a and a e on en e I r st p c r g rds th t , h v c fid c i e f e and t f n . e e o e n o o n o o th m Th r f r , thi k y urs lf my For o t o en e in a e of business . I kn w how d ef d mys lf c s 1 nee a am ot a K ee e d nd n child . p w ll

Leonardo was not alone in feeling anxious Over the ’ e a I a as ae n e o e e e a e . w h rit g All t ly Mich l A g l s h ir , sp ci lly the e of an and the Po e who e e e Duk Tusc y p , w r v ry desirous not t o lose the drawings an d plan s relative t o

t and . e In he con struction s of S an Lorenzo St Pet r . ne 1 6 at t he n a on of Va a e o o Ju 5 3, i stig ti s ri , Duk C sim a e a a a o e a o S errist ori in e of ch rg d his mb ss d r , Av r rd , vi w ’ ae n e o a e ne t o en e n o a e e Mich l A g l s physic l d cli , t r i t s cr t n e an n the Po e t o the ef e a a u d rst di g with p , f ct th t strict watch S hould b e exercised over his servan ts and all who

e e e e In a e . of en ea an fr qu n t d his hous . c s sudd d th n en o of all e ons— a n a oon i v t ry his poss ssi dr wi gs; c rt s , a e and one — was e a e t o b e a n p p rs , m y imm di t ly dr w up ,

1 e er t o eonar o u u 21 L tt L d (A g st ,

1 70 THE LIFE OF MICHAEL ANGELO

o e t o see hi m in a n e e e a on n e c m , but t ki g v ry pr c uti , si c ” 1 th oa ad e r ds were b .

a e e he a e a e a e I h v j ust l ft him , dd d , littl ft r ’ e o o in o e on of a e and ight cl ck , full p ss ssi his f culti s an in hi s n o e e e a e en tr quil mi d , but v rwh lm d by p rsist t o H was so n on en e e a e n oon o . e n t rp r i c v i c d by it this ft r , ’ e een ee and o o o a he e t o o ou t b tw thr f ur cl ck , th t tri d g on o e a as he was a o e t o do e e e en n h rs b ck , ccust m d v ry v i g h e en was fin e . B t e o ea e o n wh it ut c ld w th r , c mbi d with the ea ne in ea an d e e en e so he w k ss his h d l gs , pr v t d him , — turned back and sat in an armchair which he much " e e e t o b e — n ea th pr f rr d his d r e chimn ey .

Th a ul a e f ithf Cavalieri w s by his side . It was n ot until the day before his death that he would on t t a o n e c sen t o go o b ed . Fully con scious nd surr u d d H e en an e van h e di a e hi s . by his fri ds d s r ts , ct t d will bequeathed hi s soul t o God and his body t o the H e requested t o b e allowed t o return at least dead t o e he a his dear Floren ce . Th n p ssed

’ D a l rri i a i e 2 o b l procell n dolc calma .

’ was a a in e a a o five o o in the It Frid y F bru ry , b ut cl ck 3 a e oo . n The a ft rn n Eve ing was drawing in . l st 4 da of e the n the n o of ea e y his lif , first i ki gd m p c had come .

1 e e o an e l o da o e a t o asar a 1 L tt r fr m D i l V lt rr V i (M rch 7 , ” 2 o e P ms , clii . 3 ’ ' r a e a 1 8 1 6 o a o d e a a e an e o F id y , F bru ry , 5 4 . T mm s C v li ri , D i ll d a o e a o e e eo n th e two o o e e o on a V lt rr , Di m d L i , d ct rs F d rig D ti an d e a o F idelissim i an d th e e v an n on o d el an e e Gh r rd , s r t A t i Fr z s we e e en at ea eon a o n ot ea o e un r pr s t his d th . L rd did r ch R m til ee a a e thr d ys ft rwards . 4 ’ D e giorn i m ie ’ L ultim o prima in piu tran quilla corte oe 1 P ms , cix , 4 ) 1 71

H e ad o n e at h f u d r st last . H e had attained the obj ect of e e —he had e e e n his d sir s l ft tim b hi d him .

’ Beata l alma ov e n on corre tempo 11

was e of v ne o o Such this lif di i s rr w .

’ ’ io a t al o n a n a o Fuss pur lui c f rtu t , ’ P er l aS pr o esilio su o con la virtute ’ D are d el mon do il piu felice stato 2

1 a t h e o w e e e un n o on e oe H ppy is s ul , h r tim r s l g r P ms lix) . 2 oe . P ms cix , 37

POEMS BY MICHAEL ANGELO

S ee p . 38

S no se e o e a u n o er ig r , v r lc pr v bio an tico

u e o é b en e ch e uo m i n a on u e . Q st qu l , chi p v ol Tu ai cr edut o a favole e p arole

E emi a o chi é el er ni pr t d v mico . ’ 8 011 0 e fui ia tu o on er o an o I g bu s v tic , t e son a o o e e a al so e A d t c m r ggi l , d el m ie e o non n e e o o e E t mp ti i cr sc d l , ’ m en a af c o se ati o . E ti pi cci , piu m Gia er a as en e er l a su a a e a sp i c d r p lt z , ’ E l gu st o p eso e l a poten te sp ada ’ F u ssi n n l a e e o al b ix ogni o e o voc d ch . ’ ’ Ma 1 cielo é quel ch ogni virtu dispr ez a

’ L ocarl a al on o se o c altri a a m d , vu l , v d ’ ’ A en e u o d u n a o e o . pr d r fr ct rb r , ch s ch ” ’ oe e e tion . P ms , Fr y s di , iii )

e 0 S e p . 5

’ o ia a to u m o o in ue o en o I g f c g z q st st t , ’ f a a a act i in o a a. Co me a. l qu g L mb rdi ’ O er a o ae e ch e sia v d ltr p s si ,

’ ’ ’ Ch a forz a l ventr e apich a socto l mento . I 7 S 1 76 THE LIFE OF MICHAEL ANGELO

L a bar ba al ci elo e l a memoria sen to ’ ’ I n u o scri nio e l ect o fo d ar ia s ll g p p , ’ ’ E l penn el sopra l viso t u ct av ia

Mel fa o an o un r o a en g cci d ich p vim to .

o en ra i son n e a e a E l mbi t t mi ll p cci ,

fo d el cul er chon tra eso o a E p p gr pp , sen a uo n E passi z gli ochi m vo i vano . ’ an s all u n a l a ch or t ecci Din zi mi g a.

’ ' er e a a e mo si r a r o a E p pi g rsi di g pp , ’ end r m i c m a o a E t o o rch sori no . Pero fallace e str an o

S u e il iu ditio ch e 1a en e o a rgi , m t p rt , ’ Ch e m al tr a er cer octan a o a si p b t rt .

L a m ia pictur e. morta

’ ’ en orma o ann e 1 mi o ono e Dif di , Gi v i , r , Non sen o in l oco b on ne io ic re d p to .

S ee 2 p . 5

’ at o e e e c a tu o e o m a Gr f lic , f r ci li Istar e e v incer mi fu gia con ciesso O a o il a o v o b a nian do esso r l ss , p ct g sp

Ch on tr a mie o e e so u an e t u a v gli , q t v li . E se i dannosi e preteriti str ali ’ AI e no d el mie cor non f ur m a esso s g pr , Or pu oi a cholpi v endioh ar t e stesso

u e e o e fien t u cti o a Di q b gli chi , m rt li . D a an a an o d a an e e e qu ti l cci c r , qu t r t Vagho u ccell ect o p er maligu ia sort e ’ a a o ann er o e o e io Ch mp m lti i p m rir p p gg , Tal mi onne a o o e e e e di , D , m r , ch m v d t , P er d armi in questa et a piu cr ud el morte ’ t a a e Ch am a o n o o e e o . p m gr t mp , ch m v ggi

oem s P ,

1 78 THE LIFE OF MICHAEL ANGELO

e o l a. o e e l a o a mia P rd v c rip st ,

’ s arr en de il an e E subito gr d sio .

’ ’ m en tr ast i er o hi on d 10 a o Tu p gli c , mi sp rg

’ ’ o e r a ol d a r est o in u n a o a C m g pp g mp ll , ’ ’ Ch e o o 1 0 11 cr escie ov e a 0 0 o . d pp , piu l rg

’ ’ o l in m a i n t u a ch e fuor m o a C si g , m i m ll , ’ ’ en o er o cr escie ond io a a o D tr p gli chi , m ll rg , o e e e n fia 1a a C m p ll ov e go midoll . n an o in m e er str ect o a o E tr d p si vi ggi , ’ Ch e t u m ai n e a ar dir e e n n a o o . sc , cr d r ggi

oe . P ms , xxxvi

S ee no e 2 p . 5 4 , t

’ Com ar o dun que ardire ’ ’ ’ S en a v o m a m io b en en e n a z , , t rmi vit , ’ S io n on posso aI p artir chi ed ervi aita

’ ’ ’ Q u e si n gulti e q u e pi an t i e qu e sospiri ’ Ch e l e o e v oi accom a n or no mis r c r p g ,

a on n a ur a en e dim ostr or n o M d , d m t ’

L a mia o n amo e e e a . pr pi qu rt , mi i m rtiri

M a se v er e ch e er assen z ia m ai , p

Mi a e e e t u a a in o o f d l s rvi v di bbli ,

c e mi Il cor a o con v oi h n on e o . l ss ,

oe P ms ,

VII

e 8 1 an d 8 2 S e pp .

P er o on n a an er mil e a an m lti , D , zi p l m ti ’ Creata fusti e d an gelica forma ’ 01 ar ch e l e o a p , ci l si d rm , ’ ’ ’ r 6 a an S un sol s aprop ia quel ch d to a t ti . APPENDIX

Ritorn a a n ostri pian ti

I I b el e o t u o ch e ar ch e d gli chi , p schivi

d el su o ono in t al mi e a e n a o Chi d s ri t .

D e n on a e o e an , turb t i v stri d sir s ti , Ch e chi di m e par ch e vi spogli e privi Col gran timor n on gode il gran p ech ato Ch e d egli aman ti e m en felice stato

’ Quello ov e l gran desir gran copia affren a ’ u n a e a e an a en a C mis ri , di sp r z pi . oe P ms , cix ,

S ee 82 p .

’ se s e o al on o an cider e S al cu n t ss m d lic ,

’ P ch e er o e al e o n a e e o p m rt ci l t r r si cr d , S ari e b en giusto a chi con tan ta fede ’ ’ fel ice Vive serven do miser e n .

oe P ms , xxxviii

IX

86 an d 8 S ee pp . 7

' m e ch e o o o . I n cr escati di , m rt viv

’ Tu se d el morir morto e facto divo ’ i a me o a N e t em or piu cang ar vit v gli ,

Ch e quasi s en za in vidia n on l o scrivo . ’ a Fortun a e l tempo d en tro a vostr a sogli ’ a a at er u s addu ce Non ten ta tr p ss , p ch i ’ a Fra no dubbia letitia e cierta dogli . THE LIFE OF MICHAEL ANGELO

N e n on é ch e os r a u e ub scuri v t l c , ’ o e n e a v oi non an n o o a L r disti t f f rz , a o o n e e a n on n e C s c ssit vi co duc . ’ Vostro splen dor per n octe n on s am m or z a ’ Ne r m a c escie er o no en e a o . p gi r , b ch chi r

Nel t uo o e el m io or e a o m rir m ir imp r , Padr e m ie caro

’ Non é com a u n e e o e il e o , lc cr d , m rt p ggi

’ A chi l u ltim o di tr asciend e al primo P er gr atia ect ern o appresso al divi n seggio

o e Die a a r ossu m m o e i o D v , gr ti , ti p st m ’ e o e e se l e o o e E sp r di v d r , fr dd c r

Mi a a ie d al e e e e r gion t r gg t rr str limo .

’ ’ E se t r a l p adre e 1 figl io o ctim o amore

ien e Cr escie n el e cr esc do o n . ci l , g i virtut oe P ms ,

ee 8 S p . 7

’ ’ Oilm e Oilm e son a o , , ch i tr dit

D a o n m ie a e a o S echio gi r i fug ci d ll p ,

’ ’ Ch e 1 v er e a a n ch e fiso l a a dic ci scu , gu rd

’ o n av ien chi o o al fin a a C si , tr pp rit rd , ’ ’ ’ ’ Com 0 a io ch e l e o e o f ct , t mp m fuggit ’ r e m e n u n o n v echio S i t ova com gi r o .

’ N e mi p osso pentit n e m app ar echio

c n a e e Ne mi con siglio o l mort appr sso .

Ne o m e e o mic di st ss ,

n en e i an e S o e so I utilm t pi ti spir v r ,

Ch e n n é an n o an al e e o d p t mp o p rso .

Oilm e oilm e ur e e an o , , p r it r d

’ V0 1 mio passato tempo e n on ritr u ov o

THE LIFE OF MICHAEL ANGELO XII

S ee n o e 1 p . 9 4 , t

’ P er s empre a morte e prima a v oi fu dato S ol p er u m or a e con dilecto tan to ’ ’ o a e e a e o a a t al an o P rt b ll zz p l sci i pi t , ’ ’ ’ Ch e 1 m e e e 1 s ar bb non esser m a n ato . oe s P m , lxxiii

’ ’ ’ S fu ia o t u sol e a il sai i g viv , , pi tr , ,

’ Ch e ui e e s al cu n o a q mi s rri , mi ric rd , ’ ar so niar o e e e a e n ard a Gli p g si m rt pr st g ,

Ch e u e cheé a o n on ar e m ai 2 q l st t p fuss .

(lxxiii ,

ui o o an e n a n o er a Chi q m rt mi pi g i d r sp , ’ ’

B a nian do o a e l m ie se ul cr o . t u ct o g l ss p , ’ Ritorn armi com arbor secho al fructo ’ 3 uo o n n r e a e a C m m rto o isurg primav r .

(lxxiii ,

XIII

S ee p . 9 8

’ e o co b e v ostr o i n u o e u e V ggi ch d lc l m ,

C e c i e e i a e e n h o m ci chi g v d r no posso .

1 I wh o have been given t o y ou onl y for an hou r have been T e e ea h as a e en for e er t o ea . h o giv v d th m r my b uty ch rm d , t e e ea s as wo a e een e h ad h mor t r it h left . It uld h v b bett r I ” e e e n v r b en born . 1 e e a e l e ou a one on e w en o e m e If v r I h v iv d , y l , st hich cl s s d ea An an e e e m e h e ee t o . e e n ow . d on e h r , k it if y r m mb r , s ms r m D eath is so r apid that th at whi ch h as been seems as thou gh it ” ad h n ever been . 3 H e wh o wee for ea a n on e and ps my d th , b thi g my b s my

o o e in a n a a owe a a n ke a w n e ee . t mb , h p s v i th t I sh ll fl r g i li i t r tr ” e D ad m en do not come t o life agai n in t h e spri n g . APPENDIX

Porto co vostri piedi u n pon do adosso ,

Ch e d e m ie o n on e l or o e z ppi c stum . ’ o o con l e v ostr al e e en a e V l s z pium .

Col o o n e n o al e e e son v str i g g ci l s mpr mosso .

D al o o a o son a o et o o v str rbitri p llid r ss ,

e o al sol a o a e e e e Fr dd , c ld ll piu fr dd brum .

Nel o e o o e sol 1a o a m ia v l r v str v gli .

e en e n el o o cor an no I mi i p si r v str si f .

Nel o o fiat o son l e mie a o e v str p r l .

’ o e n a d a se sol ar o sia C m lu p ch i , Ch e gli o chi n ostri in ci el veder n on sanno

’ S e non e an o ch e n accend e il e qu l t t sol .

oe P ms ,

S ee an d pp . 9 8 9 9

’ ’ S u n a o a o n a e a e n a c st m r , s u pi t sup r ,

’ S n a o u n a n a d u a a an e a e u f rt i fr m ti qu l , ’ ’ ’ ’ S u n a a o e al l u n e a o a e spr s rt d ll ltr c l ,

’ ’ S u n S o s u n o e d u o cor o e n a pirt , v l r g v r , ’ ’ S u n an ima in d u o corpi é facta ect er n a

o e an o al e o e com a al e Amb l v d ci l p ri , ’ ’ ’ S am or d u n colpo e d u n dorato strale

L e v iscier d uo ect i a a e e n a di p rd disci r ,

’ ’ ’ S amar l u n l alt ro e n essun se med esmo ’ ’ D un o e d u n e o a t al e e e gust dil ct m rc d ,

’ ’ ’ a n u fin o a no e l altr o o e C v gli l u p rr , ’ ' S e mille e mill altri no n sarien centesmo

’ t al n o o a o e a an a e e A d d m r , t t f d , ’ sol l isdegnio il puo rompere e sciorr e ” oe . P ms , xliv ) THE LIFE OF MICHAEL ANGELO

XV

S ee 00 p . 1

’ ’ S am o sol t e S ni o m ie a o i di , ig r c r ,

u e! ch e t e iu am i n on e n Q di p , ti sd g i , ’ ’ ’ e u e a S in n r Ch l n d ll ltro pirto s am o a .

’ e ch e n el t u o b el o o a o e a o Qu l v lt br m mp r , ’ ’ E m al o e e d a l ani n e ni c mpr s g um i g g ,

’ hi a e n eu ch e a C l vuol s p r co vi prima mor .

oe P ms ,

S ee 1 00 no e p . , t 4

’ O fu ssi sol a m ie l ir su t a e e l p ll ,

Ch e d el suo el on e a fa t al onn a p c t st , g ,

Ch e con en a n e b el en o v tur stri g si s , ’ ’ ’ ’ a e u e il i rno 0 l e an e e Ch i l r p r g p pi ll , Ch e an n o a e l or a a e o on n a f qu l di b s c l , ’ ’ ’ Ch i pur n e porterei duo n ev almeno . oe P ms ,

XVII

an S ee pp . 1 1 4 d 1 1 5

e e S o ch e con e o a en e F lic pirt , z l rd t

Vechio a a or e in a il 11110 cor en ll m t , vit ti i

’ E fr a mill altr j t uo dil ect i e ben i

Me sol a u fr a n ob il en e s l ti piu g t ,

o e a oc or a a en e Ch m mi fusti gli hi , ll m t ’ ’ P er l altr u fiat e a con solar mi vi eni

' On e l a S e e il o ar ch e r afir eni d p m du l p , ’ ’ im Ch e non m en ch e l disio l an a sen te .

THE LIFE OF MICHAEL ANGELO

M a n on come d egli altri o ggi si van ti

’ D el sol d el sol ch al l or en e e o e , ci sp s t ls , ’ o e a o n e n e e a o il o e M rt , c m r vi s f rl t ls ’ fr a I n terra vivo e n ci el gli altri san ti . Cosi credette morte in iqua e r ea Fin ir il suon delle virtute sp arte ’ m en e a e e ea a a ch e o . E l lm , b ll ss r p t Con trari effetti al l u m in an l e carte ’ a ch e n a n on o ea Di vit piu vit s l ,

’ ’ l r n o o a l e c a lo on a ea a e . E m rt ci l , v p rt

oe . P ms , c )

XX

S ee . 1 1 an d 1 1 8 n o e 2 pp 7 , t

o e e er don Am r , p rch p j , Tu o somma cortesia ' S ie di belta qui tolta A ob j gusta et d esi a Et data a gen te stolta P ’ Dh e a a u m a a o a , f ll ltr v lt

e o a en o et a o Pi t s dr t si brutt di f ri ,

’ ’ Ch a m e dispi acci a et di m e s in n am or i .

oe P ms , cix ,

S ee . 1 1 no e 1 p 3 , t

’ Ch e fie di m e Ch e v o t u far di n uovo

’ ’ D u n arso l egnio e d un affiit t o core P

e o o o o e Dimm l um p ch , Am r ,

h e i a in c e o c o h a oio tr uov o . Acci s ppi , st t mi oe P ms , APPENDIX

’ ’ ’ D u n v echio stan co oma puo god er poco ’ ’ Ch e a a a u n a al l lm , qu si g t altr a riva , F a scudo a t u o di piu pietosi strali ’ ’ d un e n a o fa o a i1 E l g i rs vil pru v foco .

oe P ms , cxix . )

XXII

S ee 1 p . 5 3

’ O no o o e e o en e ne o tt , d lc t mp , b ch r , ’ ’ ’ Con ac o n o a sem r al fin a p g pr p ssalta . ’ ’ B en v ed e b en n en e t ex alt a i t d chi ,

’ ’ ’ ’ Et chi ono h a l int el lett e t h r int ro .

Tu o et r on o n an o en e o m zzi t chi g i st c p si r , ’ ’ ’ Ch e o a et o ni u e a a a l humid mbr g q i t pp lt ,

’ Et d all in fim a p arte alla piu alta ’ I n o no S e o o i ov ir e e o s g p ss p rt , sp r . O a d el o er cui e a ombr m rir , p si f rm ’ ’ O ni mi e a a a al cor n e a g s ri , l lm , mic ,

U o e am et on e o ltim d lli itti bu rim di ,

’ u en an a n o a a n n e a T r di s str c r i f rm , ’ R asciu g i pi an ti et posi ogn i fatica ’ ’ e e Et furi a chi b n viv ogu ir e tedio .

oe . P ms , lxxviii )

’ ’ e l mie a a o e re en e Mentr e ch p ss t m p s t , n or ene S i come og i mi vi ,

O n o a o a o ono o ene mo d f ls , ll r c sc b

’ ’ ’ L err or e e l dan no d ell uman a gen te 1 88 THE LIFE OF MICHAEL ANGELO

’ Qu el cor c alfin con sente A t uo l u singi e a t u o v an dil ect i ’ a a Pr och accia al l alm dolorosi gu i .

B en 10 sa l o en e chi s t , Come sp esso prom ect i ’ l a a e e 1 b en ch e t u non ai Altrui p c , e a e i m ai Ne d bbi v r g a . D u n ch e a m en grati a chi piu qu a soggiorna

e n a Ch e chi m en viv piu lieve al ci el tor . oe P ms ,

XXIV

S e e p . 1 5 4

’ ’ ’ Chondoct o da o an n all u m ore m lt i lti ,

a ono o o on o t u o dil ect i . T rdi c sc , m d , i

L a a e ch e non ai a r u r om ect i p c , , lt i p ’ E an al n a e t quel riposo c zi scer muor . ’ L a v er gognia e l timore

’ ‘ e an n c or e e D gli i , pr scriv

I I e n on rin n u ov a ci l , mi ’ Ch e l e o e o e e o e v cchi d lc rr r , Nel qu al chi troppo vive ’ L anim a e e n a a a ncid ull al corpo giov . I l dico e so p er pruova ’ m e ch e n e u e o o a o o e Di , ci l q l s l migli r s rt ’ Ch eb b e al u a e e s o p rto piu pr ssa 1a mort .

oe P ms ,

XXV

S ee 1 8 an d 1 pp . 5 5 9

’ Giun to e gia 1 001 30 della vita m ia Con temp estoso m ar p er fragil barca ’ o un o o ov a en e a a Al c m p rt , r d r si v rc ’ on e a i e i C to r gion d ogn opra trista p a .

1 THE LIFE OF MICHAEL ANGELO

’ Am ez z ami la ra a c al e a e st d , ci l s l ,

’ Mectim i in o o u an e l on o a e di q t m d v l ,

E an e su o e e e ono o e 0010 qu t b ll zz r , ’ a e a r n a 1 C n zi mort cap rri ect e vita .

oe . P ms , cl )

’ a ann e en 3 C rico d i di pechati pi o . oe P ms , clv .)

’ 3 i ' r a o e e o m a non a d ell o . Di m rt c rt , g

oe olv u. P ms , )

XXVI I

S ee 1 6 an d 66 rpp . 5 1

’ I st o ri n chi uso come l a midolla ’ D a l a s l u o o a u a o e et so o . sc rz , q p v r

’ ’ I o en u m cal ab r on in nu h or ciu ol o t g ,

I n n u a o u oio o a et a e s cc di q ss c pr sti , ’ 4 Tr e ilol e ec in n p di p u bocciuolo .

’ ’ Ol o b ifia m acin at et e cchi di p sti ,

en o e a s o ent o I d ti c m t sti di t rm ,

Th e idle fan ci es of t h e world have robbed m e of my time whi ch h ad been given t o m e for t h e con templation of God ea o o en for m e a t h e oa w ea t o D r L rd , sh rt by h lf r d hich l ds ea en e m e a a e of e e n whi t h e wo e es h v , giv h tr d v rythi g ch rld d sir , f ea e w Ma ea a n o all its b uti s hich I honour and serve . y d th g i for m e etern al life 1 2 en e i e an sin Burd d w th y ars d heavy with . 3 e a n of ea b ut not of th e o of ea C rt i my d th , h ur my d th 4 on t e e fe ed Tr e An allu si o th ston from which h e suf r . ” etre ne a e ca ex a n re pi ll v si , pl i s F y . P P END I X

’ ’ a o o 101 l a o e on e e Ch l m t v c su r sti . L a faccia m ia h a forma di S paven to

o a in u n o e o u n a n a e o Mi c v r cchi r g t l , ’ Nel alt ro can ta u n grillo tutta n otte

’ Ne o o et al a a o an e d rm russ c t rr so h lo .

’ ’ a e e a a ov a n e o L rt pr gi t , lcu t mp fui

’ ’ an o n on r ec a e o Di t t pi i , mi qu st , ’ ’ Povero vecchio et serv in forz altrui ’ ’ ’ ’ son a o 1 non o o e o Ch i disf tt , s mu i pr st

’ ’ o a o e a in fr an t et o o Dil mb t , cr p t , r tt

’ ’ S on ia er l e fat ich et l ost eria g p , E morte

oe . P ms , lxxxi ) PART II

BIBLIOGRAPHY

E I . WRITINGS OF MICHAEL ANG LO

E M S A . PO

e Mich el a n ol o u on a o a o e da Mich el a nol o Rim di g B rr ti , r cc lt g ” su ni o e un o en e 1 62 ; Th e first—L- au t p t , Gi ti , Fl r c , 3 ( f l y

e on of th e oe of ae n e o o e e diti p ms Mich l A g l , c ll ct d by his

an n e ew ae n e o th e ou n e . gr d ph , Mich l A g l y g r )

L e e r fi e a e d a . . a a e a au t o a Rim di M A B . c v t d gli g , pubblic t ” e a T e f th e e u a o en e 1 86 . h e on o C s r G sti , Fl r c , 3 ( first diti e w po ms hich h as a tru ly historical character . )

Die n en d es Mich el a niol o uon a o e a e e en Dichtu g g B rr ti , h r usg g b

n d ri a a e e e en n a e u e a v o . mit k tisch m pp r t v rs h Dr C rl Fr y , Pro fessor d er n eu er en K u n st geschi ct e an d er U niv er sit aet

e n— e nen P or tr aet r adier u n v on e K e B rli mit i g Alb rt rug r , u n d ein en Heliogr aphi e n ach Fran cesco d a Hollan d a ’

. Gr ot e sch e e a an un e n 1 8 . G V rl gsbuchh dl g , B rli , 9 7 (A o e e ti on th e on e a an d o e e on e— o owe m d l di , ly x ct c mpl t f ll d

an a r a e i o o a an d o a o en a by dmi bl ph l l gic l hist ric l c mm t ry ,

a e e on of oe a e e t o ae n e o a on o s l cti p ms ddr ss d Mich l A g l , chr o i a a e of e r a s o e e e a n t o th e oe l g c l t bl xt ct fr m l tt rs r l ti g p ms ,

an d an n e i d x . ) E E RS B . L TT

L e e e e e n e o on a o i u a e con o L tt r di Mich l A g l Bu rr t , p bblic t Ric rdi ” ed on a a i er a ae ano an e i C tr tti rt stici p cur di G t Mil si ,

L e onn e o en e 1 8 . M i r , Fl r c , 7 5 1 9 2

1 94 TH E LIFE OF MICHAEL ANGELO

’ o ann a e a e o ne o d a d ei se o Gi v i G y . C rt ggi i dit . rtisti c li xiv, ”

o en e 1 8 0 . xv xvi , Fl r c 4

D aelli a e an e e n e e an 6 . . e o 1 8 C rt Mich l gi l sch i dit , Mil , 5

l r e e n a n a s ewaeh t e a . e au e e e S mmlu g u g Bri f M A . B h r sg g b n ”

v on a e e n 1 8 . C rl Fr y , B rli , 9 9

D E R RK S B . MO N WO

Th e e an d e a f M B a . A. Rich ard Dupp Lif Lit r ry Works o .

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r n e d e l a ie et es a e Q u atr em e e d e Qui cy . Histoir v d O u vr g s

8 . d e . . a 1 M A P ris , 35

‘ D as e en e an e r e an n . o e on H rm Grimm L b Mich l g l s , fi st diti , 1 860 ano e e en an d a 1 00 w a , H v r s v th l st , 9 ( ith illustr

n tio s) . B e o o a . . . o en e 1 8 . Aur li G tti . Vit di M A , Fl r c , 7 5

’ L CEu vr e et l a Vie d e e - n e e n a eu eu Mich l A g , d ssi t r , sculpt r , e e r e n e a e e et o a . a e an p i tr , rchit ct , p t , p MM Ch rl s Bl c ,

a e a an a e a n e e e e E . Guill um , P ul M tz , Ch rl s G r i r , M zi r s , i l n e i d e M n t a o . e t o on e a . o A g , G Dupl ssis , L uis G s , P r s , B mx -A Gaz ette des ec r ts 1 8 6 . , 7

f B n ea on . e an d o o . . o on 1 8 6 . C . H th Wils Lif W rks M , L d , 7 ff a e u n d e an e o 1 8 8 e . n on S n e . a A t pri g r R l Mich l g l , 7 , L ipzig ” S ef e e n e o e n e en a an e-S u e w v on . Lud ig ch fl r Mich la g l , i R iss c t di ,

1 8 2 en u . 9 , Alt b rg

T e f d h S nn e . . an n n S on o o . J ohn Addi gto ym ds . ts M A B ”

a an e a on on 1 8 8 . T . C mp ll , L d 7

T e f o n n on S on . h e o . . on on J h Addi gt ym ds Lif M A B L d ,

a . e an e o 1 00 e . C rl Justi Mich l g l , 9 , L ipzig

” M e n e 1 o en e o a o . a o 1 0 . C rr d Ricci ich l g l , 9 , Fl r c PP A ENDIX 1 95

r n S e n ann i . D e S n e a e e 1 0 E st t i m ixti isch C p ll , 9 5 , Bru ck

ann n v ol . ii for th e ono a m , Mu ich , ( ic gr phy of Michael An gelo and i a o nn a Vittor C lo ) .

en o e e an e H ry Th d . Mich l g lo u nd d as End e d er Renaissance , l e n v o . o e 1 02 v ol . th e a e i , Gr t , B rli , 9 ; ii, s m 1 0 . Thi s — — , 9 3 n otable work still u n finish ed is th e most importan t psychological and philosophical st u dy on Michael An gelo an d e w h as et een e his tim s hich y b publish d . It is p ermis — sible t o regret withou t sp eakin g of its Wagneri an tendency — , which is vexatiou s an d fan tastic an abuse of abstract

ca e or es an d o as on whi n ea of w t g i sch l tic divisi s , ch , i st d thro i ng on th e u e o e and ad light s bj ct , bscur it d t o t he disorder of

a t oo o a e . e e oo ar e of ea and c mp ct t xt But th s b ks full id s ,

o an e e e a ua e o e o e of o u en f rm xtr m ly v l bl st r h us d c m ts .

a e a un an awn o e as we as o I h v b d tly dr fr m th m , ll fr m t h e a m a e e ons and e of a e d ir bl diti studi s C rl Fr y .

I I III . V TTOR A COLONNA

e r e ion 1 8 a a e on e on 1 Rim , fi st dit , 5 3 , P rm ; s c d diti , 5 39 “ “ con u n a Son e S r a 1 con gi t di xvi tti pi itu li , 5 39 ; ” un a S one S a e on o e a o e gi t di xxiv tti piritu li , Tri f d ll Cr c ,

1 en e n u e ous e on in t he een en u r . 5 44 , V ic m r diti s sixt th c t y

l e e e o an a t e o . d u . u e C r ggi , pub ish d by Erm F rr r Gi s M ll r , i f o urin 1 8 2 . o e on o e e o or t o T rchi , T , 9 A c ll ct l tt rs fr m o a o on na and o u en s e a n to h er e Vitt ri C l , d c m t r l ti g lif “ a on o e s th e a . Filonico Al icar m g th r , Vit di V C by

n asseo .

e e e n e e S al a e ion o en e 1 8 8 . L tt r i dit , z dit , Fl r c , 9

Il e e e e a a en en e a Mar e a e na o . c dic d ll rim di V . C pp rt t gh rit , r gi ” Na arr a s o e o ed u a o da . o Pist oie di v , c p rt ill str t D T rdi , ,

1 900 .

e h er e an d oe on on 1 868 . en o o . . H ry R sc V C Lif P ms , L d , ’ ’ on S or a Patria er le o . e a v ol zi i di t i p pr v d ll Emili ) ,

o ena 1 8 8 . M d , 7

re de eu on . to a o on n a our 1 Alf d R m t Vit ri C l , Frib g , a an t ran a on Mfiller an d e e o 1 2 u n 8 . It li sl ti by F rr r , 9 , T ri

essan o u o . o a Co onna S Al dr L zi Vitt ri l (Riv . t orica Ma

l . n a ana Vo a u 1 88 . v ) , I , M t , 5

I ND EX

C I a e ae on e a e of A T ON , st tu , Mich l br z st tu Julius II n e o 80 1 —2 a n n of t he A g l , 4 4 ; p i ti g S is i e e and on em a ne 2— m o n e Act v Lif C t pl ti , 4 49 i p rtu iti s ” e e a e M ae of a — 8 co tiv Lif , st tu s , ich l his f mily, 44 4 ; m n e o 1 2 1 2 o on of e e 1 t h e A g l , 3 4 p siti v rs , 5 V ‘ an I . o e 6 n . m a o e f m o . Adri , P p , 3 us l u Julius II , 5 5 ’ “ — en a na n . S an o en o 6 60 an d Ag , C rdi l d , 5 9 L r z , 5 a ke of 1 em en 6 1 —62 6 Alb , Du , 5 5 Cl t VII , 7 Alb iz z i 26 t h e ed a e an d om s , M ici Ch p l T b , Al dovr andini Giov anni F an e o 6 —6 and t h e e of , r c sc , 3 4 h irs Julius ! 28 n . 6 e e a d n II , 4 scrupl s r g r i g e a o of 1 1 8 t h e ma o e m 6 - 6 u n Al ri , Bish p , us l u , 5 7 ; Alicar nasseo Fil onico 1 02 ni e wo k in 1 2 6 , , fi sh d r 5 7 , 9 ” — Al t ovit i n o 1 n . and t h e e o on 0 , Bi d , 5 9 r v luti , 7 7 5 ’ m a o e F an e o see no on ann de 2- e n A d r , r c sc d , Urbi tyr ici , 7 7 3 r tur 4 “ — mmana 8 n 1 22 n . t o F o en e 6 8 de en e A ti , 5 l r c 7 7 f c l ‘ m a o 8 e n An dri no o is n . of S an p , 39 Mi t , 7 ; r tur ’ n e o i ae t o em en a o an d A g l , M ch l Cl t s f v ur , 7 9 e ona — ne e t h e an h e F o en ne P rs lity, 5 7 ill ss s , b is d l r ti s , 7 9 — e m m - 1 0 om e on of t h e ed 7 9 p ssi is , 9 ir c pl ti M ici e o ene 1 1 - 1 e a a e 80—8 1 eff e of t h e r s lut ss , 3 r l st tu s , ct I f f F o e e on 82—8 on w I . 1 a o n ti s ith Julius , 3, 34 ll l r c , 3 e en e of o on a for t h e mau 37 , 37 d f c f urth c tr ct F o en e 1 - 1 a sol eu m 8 —8 e n t o l r c , 4 5 , 7 3 p , 3 4 r tur earance an d o a 1 o e in 1 86 on a en p p rtr its , 7 R m 5 34 , t l t , 1 8 0 o —mot 2- en s w Vit , 5 sculpt r 9 9 3 fri d hip ith — a n e 1 u n o a Co onna 1 0 1 1 1 wo ks p i t r, 9 his t ri l , 7 ; r ni e wo k 1 —20 ea n ed h er 1 1 2- 1 1 and fi sh d r , 9 ; rly i spir by , 4 ; ea 2 - 2 e on 2 an e 1 1 o o ed y rs , 3 4 r ligi , 5 , D t , 3 pr p s — Fl o l a on of oems 1 1 1 5 6 1 5 9 ; flight from pub ic ti his p , 3 - f ‘ an t o n s t h e en e 26 2 o n . fi , 7 , 7 5 study pl s i h r c — ana om 26 o of m a o e m 1 1 8 1 1 The t y, st ry us l u , 9 ” - 1 8—1 22 t h e a 0 2 and a m en , 1 D vid , 3 3 L st Judg t — 1 1 eona o da n 2 a om t h e affo d n , L rd Vi ci , 3 34 f ll fr sc l i g 9 om om e —8 1 20 e e an d a e of flight fr R , 37 3 pr f ct rchit ct ’ 1 2 - 1 2 o o e a t o e n mee S t . e e 9 p r fus l r tur , 39 t P t r s , 5 p si in w u 0— 1 t h e on of t he S an a o a on g ith J lius , 4 4 ti G ll f cti , INDEX — 1 26 1 29 ; t h e Church of t h e poem on the death of his F o en ne 1 2 —1 0 e a a e 1 86—8 onne t o l r ti s , 9 3 ; r l f th r, 7 , 7 ; s t

on w hi s n e ew 1 1 u I I . 8 on o e 2 ti s ith ph , 3 J lius , 3 ; L v , 5 ” 1 his w 1 an d - 1 00 1 1 t h e m e 34 ; ill , 33 5 5 , 9 9 , 3 Ri , ’ on n e ew m a a e 2 1 on sence his ph s rri g , 5 9 Ab , 1 - 1 1 6 en onne t o a a e i 34 37 , 5 fri dships , 9 3 s t C v li r , — 1 —1 0 1 6—1 8 em e a 8 on ne on ea of 37 4 , 4 4 t p r 9 9 9 ; s ts d th men 1 0—1 1 a an o a o onna 1 0 1 n 3 t , 4 4 ssist ts, Vitt ri C l , — — 1 4 2 1 46 ; portrait by Giu 1 1 5 1 1 7 proposed publica - 1 ano 1 1 8 e an on 1 1 n . oem on li , 47 4 r public ti , 3 ; p s 1 - 1 0 o e 1 2 N 1 n ni e oem ism , 49 5 ; s bri ty, 5 ight , 5 3 u fi sh d p , ” a e of e en 1 2 N o o a e e 1 - 1 6 h tr d pr s ts , 5 u v Pi c r , 5 5 5 ' on ea 1 —1 a n o n a o om meo 8 d th , 5 3 5 5 ; A gi li i , B“rt l , 9 7 , 9 on 1 hi s ne 1 n . visi , 5 7 divi 49 a 1 —1 6 1 ea 1 6 n o ke of 1 ch rity, 5 9 d th , 5 A j u , Du , 9 1 1 n on o del F an e e 1 1 0 7 A t i r z s , 7 3 3 “ L etter to and 1 n 1 6 1 s 5 9 7 , 70 n . fi his ne ew n 1 n 1 n on o a The m e ph , 4 , 5 5 A t i , M rc , Cli b rs , - ” 6 2 1 26 1 28 1 1 1 1 n . , , , 36 37 , 5 34 1 6 1 60 1 6 1 1 6 1 68 o o aw n an ow om 5 , , 5 , Ap ll dr i g Arr fr ” a e 0 1 ve ae n e o his f th r , 5 , 9 3 , 4 , his Qui r, Mich l A g l , — 6 -6 omen o 86 4 3 4 5 , 7 9 ; D ic 7 9 . B u oninse ni n ! Arch adelt a omo 1 1 1 g , 9 , 5 7 ; , G“i c , 3 37 e en 1 F e o 1 1 n . m , . , b , Cl t VII 3 D 5 ’ 1 omma o de a a e no a a k on Mi ae An 4 T s C v Ar ti , tt c s ch l lieri 1 6- a e on e o 1 2 1 2 1 a nd , 4 9 9 7 p rs g l , 9 , 9 , 9 3 nkn own 6 - 8 an d n otes n otes 1 22 1 u , 3 3 , 39 , , , 5 9 d 2 1 2 . 8 hi s e o 2 an 9 , 4 ; Julius II , 3 ; Ar zz , 3 74 o e 2 —8 1 1 o o O an o 1 0 br th rs , 4 . 4 5 4 . 7 . 5 7 . Ari st , rl d , 3 ! 1 60 an o 8 n e o ; Urb , 5 ; B rt d a F elica a 8 a na j , 5 C rdi l ' d A en F at t u cci CCH LI OF F S g , 5 9 BA ANA A IN ANT , ’ w n e n e 6 6 6 1 1 n . Giov anm a a o 4 , 7 , 9 , 4 dr i g , Mich l A g l , 9 7 ” S na 6 66 a i a d e a a nk ae A pi , 4 , ; B tt st ll B cchus Dru , Mich l h ’ a a 6 S e a ano d el e o 28 n . P ll , 7 5 , 7 ; b sti g l , om o 82 a o a l on e a a e a 8— Pi b , 9 7 ; B rt B g i , M l t st , 74 , 7 79 lommeo n o n Ri o a a a e d e 6 A gi li i , 9 7 cci , B if , L z r , 7 ” 1 1 F an I . 1 an ne 1 n . 5 r cis , 39 B di lli , 5 9 e o on 1 1 - 1 2 Cor an n 1 6 Pi r G di , 4 4 ; B di i , 7 ne a 1 a a ee a e o e , 6 , s B g m li 4 V s ri “r ll Mus u a a n on ae V s ri Dyi g Ad is , Mich l n e o 28 A g l , 3 1 Ci ted n 1 0 7: 1 1 1 6 1 8 a onn a n d b as , 4 , , , M d a Child , — - ” 20 2 0 1 0 8 1 82 8 e e ae n e o n . , 3, 5 5 , 7 , , 7 , r li f , Mich lA g l , 34 ! ” 1 8 1 2 1 8 n 1 a e of n a a oon 9 , 9 3, 9 , 5 , 4 . 49 , B ttl A ghi ri , c rt , 1 1 1 8—1 on ea ae n e o 5 , 5 5 9 d th , 4 Mich l A g l , 34 1 and n otes 1 1 1 6 a e of Ca n a a oon 6 , 7 , 5 4 . 5 B ttl sci , c rt , 1 1 onne t o o 1 0 ae n e o and 7 s t Ricci , ; Mich l A g l , 34

INDEX

1 n e o an d t he Carrarais 1 n . o onn a F a o 1 00 A g l , 3 , C l , brizi , “ - 8 o onn a o a en hi w 5 7 5 C l , Vitt ri , fri ds p ith ” a e o o a o onna ae n e o 1 1 —1 2 1 1 0 C rt ggi di Vitt ri C l , Mich l A g l , , 9 , 7 1 1 0 1 n . 1 1 1 8 a o n 3 , 5 ; cc u t Cast eldurant e e a e da 1 28 of 1 00- 1 0 1 o a s I o r and , C s r , , ; p rtr it , a e n o o n otes n 1 h er oe C st l u v , 7 5 , . p try, “ ” t e 1 0 — 1 a one o ano 1 0 1 0 1 1 n . e on C s igli C rt gi , 3 3 4 , 4 r ligi , ’ a a er omm a o de ae 1 0 —1 06 e e t o a na C v li i T s , Mich l 4 l tt r C rdi l n e o 5 e e t o 1 o one 1 06 e em en t o A g l l tt rs , 4 9 7 M r , r tir t en w ae n e o e o 1 1 1 - 1 1 2 wo k of fri dship ith Mich l A g l , Vit rb , r s 1 3 1 and n . 1 2 1 n . ae n e o n e 9 , , , Mich l A g l i spir d by, 1 1 — 1 1 28 n . 1 n . 1 0 1 1 2 1 1 ea 1 1 n 1 1 , 5 9 , 7 ; his first 4 ; d th , 3 5 t 5 e e o ae n e o 1 1 en 1 n . l tt r Mich l A g l , 9 5 7 fri ds , 37 - 1 1 6 onn e t o 8 on ci ted 1 1 1 n . and n 9 s ts , 9 9 9 C divi , , 7 a 1 1 1 e n o 1 n . 2 n . 2 n . 6 n . C cchi , 37 7 , 9 , 3 , 39 li n n en 2 1 1 e e o I 2 n . 8 n . 1 1 2 1 1 1 C l i , B v ut , 5 . 37 4 , 4 , 74 , , 5 , 37 1 1 1 1 0 n 1 n . 1 0 1 2 4 . , 4 5 n . , 4 4 ; Ce arello S o o ann 1 on e o Th e ae pp , ilvi di Gi v i , 43 C qu r r ( ) , Mich l e v n a na 1 26—1 2 n e o 6 1 C r i i , C rdi l, 7 A g l , m 1 e en a a o d a 1 20 1 22 on i 1 1 n . C s , Bi gi , , C sil u , 3 f e -1 6 ’ a o ae n o 1 1 on a n a a e 1 0 and n . Ch rity Mich l A g l , 5 9 C t ri i , G sp r , 4 V a C a e . 1 0 n . 1 0 h rl s , 7 3, 3 5 1 f ” a 2 n o S t . a es o e 6 2 . on e on Ch rl s VIII . , , 9 C v rsi P ul , fr c , 3 i a v an aw n i e n e 1 2 n n d a o . Chr st , c r i g dr i g , M ch l A g l , 3 f r o n n a 1 1 e e e o o a o o n e a w e of no 6 n . x cut d Vitt ri C l , C r li , if Urbi , 4 1 1 1 2 an d n . o n i n a o C rsi i , R ld , 7 5 S o a I I 1 f S . a a o o 1 o m . n . Christ M ri pr C s , 5 1 ne a n . 6 1 86 1 edi o en o 2 Mi rv , 5 5 , 5 9 , , , 4 3 Cr , L r z di , 5 aken own om t h e de o at S an S o Christ t d fr Crucifix B is pirit , h F l r 3 Cross of t e Cathedral o 2 6 n . 1 3 1 t S o K e n on 1 n d n 1 8 n 1 n . a n en e 0 a . c , 3 , 5 s9 Cupid uth si gt , 1 f n e 2 o o o o F o en e ae o 8 n . Circ l Artistic l r c , Mich l A g l , ” 1 n a k s n en h ae 3 . Cupid is i g V us , Mic l 1 em en o e e a on n e o 1 n . Cl t VII P p , r l ti s A g l , 5 9 w ae n e o 1 1 ith Mich l A g l , 3 4 1 1 1 1 d n 1 n n . 8 n . an . . , 5 , 5 7 , 5 , - - 5 Fl o 60 62 8 8 1 2 1 n . E ema n o o , 3 5 , 4 , 37 ; DANT , r i s br ught t 1 1 i ae n e o e on t o th e a a 6 1 en e 6 n . succ ssi p p cy, r c , M ch l A g l — 1 6 n of t h e ed on 2 1 1 n . 1 3 buildi g M ici , 7 7 3, 3 , 39 a e and om s 6 - 6 av ae n e o 0- 2 Ch p l T b , 3 7 , D id , Mich l A g l , 3 3 , 1 80 t h e o o 6 e e of 2 n . C l ssus , 7 si g 3 a -e wn and wi F o en e 8 n . r e a e a l r c , 7 st blish s D T light ae n e o in om e a e ae n e o 80 Mich l A g l R , 7 9 ; st tu s , Mich l A g l , , - 1 ea 8 8 1 1 8 8 1 n . d th , 4 5 , ” m e a n on o D a a e i ae n e o Cli b rs M rc A t i , y , st tu , M ch l A g l , 1 1 71- 80 8 1 n . 34 , — Coll e i u m de emendandd Ecclesia ea i ae n e o on 1 6 1 g , D th, M ch l A g l , 7 , 1 04 1 5 3- 1 5 5 ' INDEX 203

‘ 1 e e in t h e S s n e S e — g , 44 n o , 6 a t la on D lu i ti ig i ry 7 77 c pi u ti , ‘ — ’ Dispute of t he Holy S acra 7 8 79 ef e of on m en s ” f ct e 1 1 - m n a ae 2 n . n . m n 82 8 t he t, R ph l , 4 , 5 5 i ds , 3 proposed o e o ov co 1 0 o e s 8 t he D lc , L d i , 3 f rtr s , 5 Lauren 1 ” om ni an t h e 26 and n . ana 1 2 D i c s , , zi , 9 1 ona e o 2 n . a e o o F o en e a e a of s D t ll , 4 M t r D l l r c , C th dr l , Chri t ” 1 ” o a 2 n . aken own om t he oss r s , 9 t d fr Cr , ona F e e o 1 6 0 n 1 0 1 1 . 1 n . D ti , d rig , 9 , 7 3 F 1 o a n ea 1 on a ne ea 26 n . D ri , A dr , 43 t i bl u , o o no d el 0 F an e co as i ano di Ducci , Ag sti , 3 r c s , B t , 77 1 ‘ ” ‘ D i n on ae n e o F an e o S er Giov an 1 y g Ad is , Mich l A g l , r c sc , , 33 1 F a 1 1 8 n . a 2 8 n . n 1 1 n . r ci , 3 , 5 5 F an 6 1 a 2 n . 6 1 n . 1 r cis I , 7 , 39 , 40 1 - an d n . 1 1 1 0 , 44 , 49 5 ENTOM B M ENI’ ‘ O F H I S F an an t h e 1 6 n . C R T , Mic r cisc s , , 39 , 3 1 1 ae n e o 1 1 2 n . 1 8 n . F ran z esa n on o d el see n on o h l A g l , , 5 , A t i , A t i ’ Es e on o 2 d el F an e e t , Alf z d , 4 r z s Fr e a e on of ae y, C rl , diti Mich l ’ n m 1 1 e o oe 8 n . 0 n A g l s p “s , 3 , 5 . , f t h e f t h S n 2 n 1 n 1 1 1 F LL o a o o e u . n . 71 A Ch ri t 5 . 5 3 . 94 . 5 3 ” in t he Po aw n ae 1 6 on t h e o a of o a , dr i g, Mich l 5 p rtr it Vitt ri 1 n e o o onna 1 0 1 n . A g l , 9 7 C l , 1 F 1 F n e 1 n 1 n . a e O a e 1 1 . o 6 r s , ct v , rizzi , sculpt r, 1 F a n e e a a e 1 1 1 n . r s , M rg r t , 1 F a ne e a a e t h e 6 1 1 26 n . r s P l c , , , F at t u cci o e on en e w E I E U I GI 1 28 , c rr sp d c ith GA TA , P R L , 1 - a n da S an e e om ae n e o 6 n . 6 6 o n o o Mich l A g l , 3 , 4 7 , G ll , A t i , l tt r fr 1 e n e o 8 t h e fac 1 1 n . a 4 Mich l A g l , 3 F eb o see o o Fe o on of S an a o 1 26-1 2 , P ggi , b di ti G ll , 9 , 1 1 F e a a ke of 80 n 1 8 n . rr r , Du , 74 , 7 5 , 3 ‘ “ Gell esi o ann 1 n . 1 n . 4 3 , Gi v i , 37 1 i cited 1 F e e o E m anno 1 0 1 n . e rr r , r , Ghib rt , , 9 F ta n tan 1 1 hi an a o om en o 2 es Co s z o 1 n . , , 3 G rl d j , D ic ; 4 F no Mar sile 2 Giannot o e o 1 ici , , 4 , Pi r di , 43 3 a o e Fideli ssimi Gh erardo 1 O n . ano ona o , , , 7 Gi tti , D t , Di l gu s 1 — “ Fili e cited 2 2 1 n 1 . ca a o da 8 n . . j , B rt , 5 . 7 . 9 9 3, 37 39 — 1 - n . F o en e e e of 1 1 0 8 1 0 e e om o, 8 l r c ; si g , 4 5 , 7 7 5 l tt r fr Ricci 9 Michael Angelo and t h e b an proposed publication Of Michael 1 ’ 1 oem 1 1 n . ish ed F o en nes 1 and n . n e o , l r ti , 5 , A g l s p s 3 ’ 1 2 - 1 0 S a on a o a e Gib erti a eo 1 0 10 9 3 v r l s r public , , M tt , 3, 4 1 f F ne Ginori 1 2 n . t h e em o 7 ; Acad y i , 35 1 1 f o ama 1 2 1 n . 1 1 n . e n o Arts , 3 , 3 r tur Gir l , 5 th e e n 1 ae de a 6 M dicis , 34 . ; Mich l Giu cc , 7 o n e o an d t he S e n o n a eo , 77 A g l ig i ry, 39 ; Giug i , G l tt - e on of t h e a em an t o oe e 1 0 1 1 p titi Ac d ici s G th , 4 4 1 e e om ae L eo X 1 n e o on of ond e o, 6 . ; r v luti G i , Pi r l tt r fr Mich l - 1 1 - 1 2 1 2 0 e en e h ae n e o, 4 4 5 7 , 7 7 3 d f c by Mic l A g l n e o - e ee of th e Granacci 2 A g l , 7 3 7 5 d cr , 5 204 INDEX

1 A. 1 en e . 1 2 n . a a 1 Gr i r , M , L sc , 47 1 mm 1 n . a men i ae An Gri , 5 3 L st Judg t , M ch l 1 - 1 a e a e 2 n . e o 1 1 8 1 2 1 2 1 n . Gu sti , C s r , 5 g l , 3, 5 5 3 Guicci rdini e N o o a e a i 1 a e n n a 6 n . , Mich l di icc l , L ur ti l br ry, 3 1 ” 1 1 n . a en ana F o en e 86 1 2 3 L ur zi , l r c , , 9 1 an d n . e a a e e t he S wan L d c r ss d by , 1 1 - H E Y . 1 0 n . ae n e o 80 n 1 1 NR II , 4 Mich l A g l , . , 43 44 , 1 1 Hen . 1 0 n . 6 1 n . ry VIII , 5 9 Hol an F an of o r a of l d , r cis , p rt it 1 M e a d n . X w a n e o 1 n L eo . e a on ae ich l A g l , 7 , r l ti s ith Mich l 1 ‘ ” — 1 1 a o e on a n n n e o 6 6 1 6 1 n . 6 n . 1 2 Di l gu s P i ti g, A g l , 5 , , 3 , 4 1 - 1 u te 1 0 1 1 1 1 m e e 1 0 . o d 8 n . 1 1 eon o n q , 7 , 7 , 39 , 4 , L i , Di d , 7 1 ‘ 1 1 n . a e en e en eon eone 1 1 8 n . 5 5 Qu tr tr ti s L i L , 37 5 ” 1 la e e 1 0 n . i a 8 sur p intur , 7 Ligur , 5 ” Ho F am ae n e o F l no 1 ly ily, Mich l A g l , Lippi , i ippi , 3 3 ' 71- o o o 1 34 L d vic , 4 - 1 H o 1 0 1 1 o e o ma e 1 6 n . 1 8 ug , 4 4 L r t pilgri g s , 5 , 5 1 o XI I n L uis . , 33 . Louvres ” I MP I A 1 ER U X t he n . a e 1 1 , , 70 C ptiv s , 3 ” n en o o o a ae 6 1 e e on I c di di B rg , R ph l , R surr cti , I n dac0 1 n e o 1 1 , 47 A g l , 3 1 1 ” n on t he 1 0 n 1 0 n . S a e ae n e o I quisiti , , 4 5 , l v s , Mich l A g l , 5 5 1 1 06 an d n a Lucc , 77 1 a 1 0 e an 1 0 n . Ischi , 3 Luth r s , 4

’ Esu s he 1 0 1 E D V I 1 1 rT t n . C L E C J , , 5 MA OR , 5 3 o e a 1 0 a a e l 1 8 n . J v , P ul , 3 M chi v l i , 3 on e a e at a onn a an d t wo b as Julius II . , br z st tu M d Child , - 11 o o na 8 1 2 1 2 e e ae n e o n . B l g . . . 19 . 4 4 ; r li fs , Mich l A g l , 34 ” a o e m of 1 - a onna of e ae m us l u , 9 , 34 37 , 39 , M d Brug s , Mich l - 1 86 1 1 8 1 1 1 2 re n e o n . , 9 , 4 ; A g l , 34 ’

n oi S t . e e a onn a of t h e e a e buildi g P t r s , 37 , 39 M d M dici Ch p l , e an e n of ae 8 d m ds r tur Mich l 5 4 . 5 n e o - 1 o m on a onna of t h e S a ase A g l , 39 4 c m issi M d t irc , - - 1 for t h e S ne 2 d ea h b as e e i ae n e o 2 n . isti , 4 49 ; t , r li f , M ch l A g l , 5 ' 1 f en na 1 a n d n . e o a on a a na on a 5 5 ; h irs , cti M l spi , D Arg ti , 39 a a n ae n e o 6 8 an e n a a e o o o a g i st Mich l A g l , 4 , 3 M t g , M t r D l r s , 2 f h 1 8 1 new ont a or t e 2 n . 4 , 3 c r ct 9 m a o e m 8 1 2 - 1 2 a e a ona 1 60 us l u , 4 , 3 4 M rgh rit , M , ” m e e e co I I I 1 2 a o of S t . Julius . , 7 M rtyrd P t r, fr s , 1 ae n e o 1 2 n . Mich l A g l , 3 a e ao o e e of 6 8 M rzi , Pi r P l , l tt rs , 7 , 3 D S C P E ae n e o on a a e oe 2 LAN A , Mich l A g l , M s ccio, fr sc s , 5 ’ 1 —1 ask of a a n F a n 5 5 5 6 M L ughi g u , 1 a o 1 ae n o 2 n . L p . 4 Mich l A gel , 5

206 INDEX

1 1 e a an a 8 n . e mon a e 6 n . Pi tr s t , 5 7 , 5 R y d , M rc l , 3 t o 1 o 1 a o 1 1 n . Pil , 47 Ricc rd , 5 ombo S e a ano del e e o del en hi w Pi , b sti , l tt rs Ricci , Luigi , fri ds p ith 1 1 t o e n e o 1 n An a 0 1 a 1 n . . ael e o 8 n . 1 n Mich l A g l , 3 , 4 , Mich g l , , . , 1 1 1 1 1 - 1 6 n . n . 2 n . 82 n . 1 n 1 6 1 6 n 2 . 1 . 1 1 5 , , , 7 9 , , 5 , 7 7 , 5 , 37 8 8 e e om ae 1 1 an d Ce n o 3, 4 l tt rs fr Mich l 39 , 49 cchi , 9 4 n e o 8 an d t h e a of 1 1 o o e a n . 8 n . d A g l , 7 , 9 7 f ll , 9 ; pr p s public ‘ ’ om e 82 en w on of ae n e o oem R , fri dship ith ti Mich l A g l s p s , 1 5 1 1 ae n e o 8 n . 1 n . 1 1 n e 1 . a 1 n . 1 1 Mich l A g l , 9 , 37 , 3 ; d th , 3 , 3 1 1 n . ea 1 1 a n n R iccor di 1 1 5 9 d th , 3 p i ti gs , , 5 1 - 1 6 n . Ri olfl a an a 1 6 1 1 5 d , C ss dr , 3 37 , 4 5 a I 1 6 Pis . 9 . 74 4 a o a o anni da 0 n e a e t o e e en 8 Pist i , Gi v , 5 . Riv rs , st tut s r pr s t , 5 1 . 1 6 n . ome e l ne of t h e enai an e Pius III , 7 R , d c i R ss c , 1 — — . 1 28 n . 6 2 6 a k of 82 8 Pius IV , 3 s c , 7 3, 3 o on 8 e on of t h e e P ggib si , 3 xpulsi M dicis , 7 3 1 F e nd 1 t h o i ae o o o 1 n . a an d n . e a P ggi , b di , 4 , 9 3, 9 4 ; C pit l , M ch l 1 ’ 1 n d n . n e o wo k 6 1 2 an . A g l s r , 9 , 9 1 o e a n a 1 0 1 0 n d n f t h F o en n e 1 2 6 a . o e P l , C rdi l , 4 , Church l r ti s , 9 o i F a m o io a e no 0 P l ti , ri r A br g C t ri , 3 ‘ ” 1 1 0 R on danini e a t he 1 1 2 n . 7 Pi t , , 1 P lit i no n e o 2 - 26 2 ni a 1 1 - 1 0 o a 6 n . R onti . o 2 , A g l , 4 , , M B cci , 9 m 1 1 on o o 80 n . o e e o 2 n . P t r , R ss lli , Pi tr , 4 1 o a P ia aw n for t he 1 2 o e e oa of a ms 8 n . P rt , dr i gs , 9 , R v r c t r , 3 1 6 o a a em on on 7 R y l Ac d y, L d 1 ” o o a i o 1 1 n . adonn a an d d b as P zz l t c , 3 M Chil , 1 1 f e a o a k o 0 n . e n . Pr t , s c , 7 r li f , 34 ell s t h e 26 R uc ai , ,

S M E A 0 1 CZY K I . 1 n . RA N , CO T , 7 ” a e of an me e aw n S AD OL ETO I O I O R p G y d , dr i g , , 3, 4 1 h ae n e o S t a k h of 26 n . Mic l A g l , 9 7 . M r , C urch , 8 ae ea h 8 n an d s a k a den of oo of a . S t . R ph l , d t , Juliu M r , g r s , sch l f n a n 1 1 6 a n n o t h e S a e 2 an d . 8 II . , 3 p i ti g t z sculptur , 4 , 3 ” ’ i r 2 a n n s e h a e f t h e K e a S at u a n . o e S t e o n d ll g , 4 s t , . P t r s , C p l i gs 1 f L X 2 1 o e of 6 f F an e n . n . a o o eo . o 5 5 3 f v ur , 5 r c , 9 ; pr j ct ’ 1 S t wo k of B r a wo at . e e . an d n . k ; r P t r s , Julius II , 35 ; r 1 6 1 ae n e o an d 1 8 m an e 6 n . e n Mich l A g l , 3 t , 3 ; r buildi g, 37 1 1 w k of a ae 6 1 t he n . 1 n . o , 5 5 “ 39 r R ph l , R isb onne D e f 1 0 1 0 w o en o a 6 M ae at o n . 1 o , i t , 4 , 5 d cup l , 9 ; ich l 1 e d e e a d a enn a 6 1 n . n o a o n e n R v , A g l pp i t pr f ct en a ssan e e l ne 62- 6 a hi e 1 2 - 1 2 R i c , d c i , 3 rc t ct , 5 9 R enee of F e a e 1 0 S a v a a na 1 26 rr r , 5 l i ti , C rdi l , ” 1 M ed 2 n es e on ae n e o S am a an . cit . R urr cti , Mich l A g l , r , , , 9 1 1 S an omen o 28 3 D ic , 3 eumon e de 1 06 n . S an a om o Com ost ello 1 8 R t , Alfr d , Gi c di p , 5 e o ona e ae n e o S an o an n e o a o o e R v luti ri s , Mich l A g l Gi v i D c ll t , br th r on 1 0—1 1 ood of 1 8 , 5 5 h , 5 INDEX

S an o ann dei F o en n 1 2 S oderini 0 and h ” Gi v i i r ti i , 9 , 4 t e avid D , 3 1 - S an o en o 8 n 1 2 1 n . 6 0 1 L r z , , 3 , 5 , 3 3 6 6 6 S o K ens n o 3, uth i gt n ” S an ni a o of 8 d i t , hill , 74 , 7 , ae n e o M Cupi Mich l A g l , ‘ ’ NiccolO- n o 2 n 1 S an 8 . Oltr Ar , 7 9 ‘ 1 S an e o in on o o 28 n S etiale o ann 1 n a Pi tr M t ri , p , Gi v i , 37 . 1 1 6 n . S n a o an n e e 5 pi , Gi v i , l tt rs from 1 1 M - S an e o in n o 6 n . 8 n ae n e o 6 6 Pi tr Vi c li , 3 , 4 ich l A g l , 4 7 1 2 S o e o 1 4 p l t , 5 5 ” S an e on o 28 0 2 S an a d e l a S na a a 2 n . P tr i , , 4 , 4 t z l ig tur , 4 i a e 1 0 - 1 08 S e a n 1 S an S e o n nm n . E n 8 1 n ilv str C pit , 7 , t i , Dr r st . 1 1 1 S m a sa on of S t ; F an tig ti ti r cis , f 1 1 S an S o on en o 26 n . 28 n . 1 6 pirit , C v t , , 4 3 1 S an o no a o o 1 8 n . S o os a of t h e 8 n s vi , J c p , 3 tr zzi , h pit lity , . 1 S an a n n a 1 1 1 n . 1 t A , 5 5 , 49 1 S o ann S an a Ca e n a n . o 8 1 t t ri , 35 , 37 tr zzi , Gi v i , S an a a a e n e 1 an d S o o e o 1 n 1 1 - . 1 0 t M ri d gli A g li , 29 tr zzi , R b rt , 5 , 49 5 1 1 5 9 n . a S an a a a S o a n e a t h e S o a a e 26 n . t M ri pr Mi rv , tr zzi P l c , ” 3 1 S e es o e s 1 n . 1 N 8 n . u d 80 n Christ , , 3 , 5 5 , 5 9 bl t y r , . 1 8 S e at t h e Ho e n . 6 1 6 1 s of S mon , , , 4 3 upp r u i , S an a n a e on ese 1 20—1 2 1 t Tri it , 33 V r , 1 2 - m on n S a ona o a 28 S m 1 . v r l , 3, 5 y ds , 9 1 S ch effler 1 n . , 9 1 S ell a o eona o 8 n . 6 1 j , L rd , , 5 , 37 5 TAsso E D 1 0 n . , B RNAR O , 3 1 1 t h I 1 S e a e a a e 8 n . 1 n . ea ne e O n . r v zz qu rri s , , 3 , Th ti s , , 5 1 e mae t h e om e 1 0 5 9 . 5 5 Th r , , R , 9 d 1 1 i st ri e a o 1 68 h o e H . c te n S er r o d i . n 1 . , Av r rd , T , y , , 47 , 5 , 1 1 1 S o a F an e o n . 6 n . 1 0 1 06 n f rz , r c sc , 33 7 9 4 , 5 , 1 1 S en n a a h e a t h e o 1 26 n . 1 6 n . 1 8 i C t dr l , Picc , 5 , 5 ” i 1 o e h l om ni a a 1 n . 0 1 6 a c ae lt r , 3 , 3 7 Th ught , st tu , Mi l 2 e o 80 n . n A g l , 1 1 1 1 8 n . 1 n . S n o e 1 8 n . 1 n . an 1 ig r lli , 3 5 9 ; Titi , 3 , 5 5 1 l ei a n o 8 a e o o o a 2 n . o om a 1 0 M t r D l r s , 9 T , L tt zi , S m on am nam e Of ae o ol n o 1 6 i i , f ily Mich l T p i , 4 n e o 2 n 3 o an T rri iano dei 1 2 A g l , 3 . T rrigi i , g , 7 , 5 S n e a e t h e ae An a an o m 1 1 1 isti Ch p l , , Mich l Tr j , f ru , 5 ’ e o a a —20 Tr a sone s an o e a a 8 n . 1 1 n g l s f ll , , 9 , A c i d ll Rip , 1 — 1 es oe 1 n . 2 1 1 n . 1 n . fr c s , 9 , 4 49 , 9 4 3 1 f "1 1 n n a a on n en o n o I O n . 5 5 . i ugur ti , 5 5 . Tr t , C u cil , 5 “ ” - Th e as d men 1 1 8 1 2 om on c no ( a o ommeo L t Ju g t , 3, Tr b i , B rt l , 54 4 1 1 1 1 2 n 1 n . n 1 1 n . 5 . , 5 3 3 ” S a e ae n e o an d an ke of 1 68- 1 6 l v s , Mich l A g l , 5 5 Tusc y, Du , 9 ” 1 1 3 wi a e ae n 8 n 2 n . 0 . . 1 1 5 9 , 4 , 3 , 5 , T light , st tu , Mich l 1 1 n n e o 80 8 1 n . I . l , , “ 5 9 A g 1 S ee n d ae ann de Mi ae n e o on l pi g Cupi , Mich l Tyr ici , ch l A g l , n e o 28 2- A g l , 7 7 3 INDEX

5 1 U B AL D I NI U C EZI 2 n . n e m . e o ae A , L R A , 3 ; l tt rs fr Mich l n U fli z i a e e o 1 1 66 en G ll ry g l , 5 5 , fri d ” Ho F am ae w ae n e o 1 ly ily, Mich l ship ith Mich l A g l , 37 1 - n e o n . 1 2 n . 5 1 1 1 66 1 68 A g l , 34 5 , 5 3 54 , , m 1 1 o o n 80 n . a e 0 on a n on e o oa m d 1 n . P t r , p i ti g by, V sc c ll s , J chi , 7 ’ 1 o a o onna d rawin a o a of 1 n Vitt ri C l , g , V st , M rquis , 5 9 . 1 1 0 1 n . e o ala o 1 V cchi , P zz , 3 1 1 ano e o 8 n 6 1 n . 1 en a e e Urb , Pi r , 5 , 4 3 V us c r ss d by Cupid , 1 1 d n otes - a oon ae e o 80 n 1 an n . c rt , Mich l A g l , ’ 1 n o F an e co d Amadore en a e o 1 n otes an d Urbi , r c s , V usti , M rc ll , 7 - 1 6 1 Ver z z n o a o o eo 1 5 1 0 1 a a m n . 7 9 . 44 4 . 5 3 t , B rt l m , 37 1 n o ae n e o 1 6 n . Ver erio e ao o 1 0 Urbi , Mich l A g l , 4 g , Pi r P l , 5 ’ no aman e see B ra e one e S u e at t h e House Urbi , Br t d , V r s , pp r an e of S mon 1 20- 1 2 1 m t i , no F e e o n e of 1 0 1 Vi a Es uilina om e 1 0 Urbi , d rig Pri c , , q , R , 9 1 ” no o en o ke of 6 n . o a e ae Urbi , L r z Du , 3 , Vict ry, st tu , Mich l 1 1 80 8 n . 1 n . on a n e o 8 , 5 , 5 9 0 c tr ct A g l , 4 w ae n e o 8 1 1 8 a a a e a ae 6 1 ith Mich l A g l , 4 , Vill M d m , R ph l , ' l e a d na ean d e o Vil i rs , C r i l J Gr s 1 a e de 2 n . l y , 9 LD 1 6 n e n a o da 1 — 1 8 VA ARNO , 4 Vi ci L o rd , 4 , 3 34 , 3 - 1 1 a e an de 1 0 1 0 1 0 n 1 n . V ld s , Ju , 3 4 , 7 5 5 1 1 a o a o 1 an d n . 8 e o 1 06 n 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 V l ri , B cci , 5 , 7 , 79 Vit rb , , , 4 ” 1 h e o o 6 e e n t 8 . 1 6 Ap ll , 79 , l tt r , 5 om n t o 8 o a a en en o e l a 8 fr Mi i , 3 V lp i , B v ut d l , 3 1 1 a ene e o 8 n o e a an e o da 1 n . 1 22 V rchi , B d tt , 7 5 , 9 5 , 9 V lt rr , D i ll , 7 , 1 1 1 6 1 6 - 0 1 d n . 1 1 n . 1 66 an 1 3 , 39 , , 37 7 , 9 7 1 1- 1 n t h e Hea of a a ci ted n . 1 8 n otes e ea V s ri , , 7 , 3, 5 , Vultur ti g rt 1 1 ” 2 Tit r s aw n ae 1 1 n 1 20 1 2 n . 1 6 u 9 5 . 5 , 3 , , y , dr i g, Mich l 1 1 2 1 2 1 0 1 and n . 1 n e o 7 , 9 , 3 , 4 3 , 5 9 A g l , 9 7

P RI NTED B Y BAL L ANTYN E COM PANY L TD AT TH E B ALLANTYN E PRES S REET OVEN T GARDEN TAVISTOCK ST C , L ONDON