DOCSLIB.ORG

Economic Corridors in Asia: Paradigm of Integration? a Reflection for Latin America

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

SORAYA CARO VARGAS (EDITOR) Economic Corridors in Asia: Paradigm of Integration? A Reflection for Latin America Universidad Externado de Colombia Economic corridors in Asia : paradigm of integration? A reflection for Latin America / Alexánder Arciniegas Carreño [y otros] ; Soraya Caro Vargas, editor. -- Bogotá : Universidad Externado de Colombia. 2020. 459 páginas : ilustraciones, mapas, gráficos ; 21 cm. Incluye referencias bibliográficas. ISBN: 9789587903812 1. Cooperación internacional -- América Latina 2. Cooperación internacional -- Asia 3. Crecimiento económico -- América Latina 4. Crecimiento económico -- Asia 5. Globalización 6. Geopolítica 7. Infraestructura (Economía) I. Caro Var-gas, Soraya, editor II. Universidad Externado de Colombia III. Título 337 SCDD 21 Catalogación en la fuente -- Universidad Externado de Colombia. Biblioteca. MRJ. junio de 2020 ISBN 978-958-790-381-2 © 2020, SORAYA CARO VARGAS (EDITOR) © 2020, UNIVERSIDAD EXTERNADO DE COLOMBIA Calle 12 n.º 1-17 este, Bogotá Teléfono (57-1) 342 0288 [email protected] www.uexternado.edu.co Primera edición: junio de 2020 Diseño de cubierta: Departamento de Publicaciones Corrección de estilo (español): Luis Fernando García Núñez Corrección de estilo (inglés): Michael Forrest Composición: María Libia Rubiano Impresión: Xpress Estudio Gráfico y Digital S.A.S. - Xpress Kimpres Tiraje de 1 a 1.000 ejemplares Impreso en Colombia Printed in Colombia Prohibida la reproducción o cita impresa o electrónica total o parcial de esta obra, sin autorización expresa y por escrito del Departamento de Publicaciones de la Universidad Externado de Colombia. Las opiniones expresadas en esta obra son responsabilidad de los autores. Quiero agradecer al doctor Roberto Hinestrosa Rey, decano de la Facultad de Finanzas, Gobierno y Relaciones Inter- nacionales por su constante apoyo a esta iniciativa. A las directivas del CIPE por su orientación, a Jerónimo Delgado, Pío García y David Castrillón por hacer parte de la con- cepción de la idea y su materialización, a Francisco Daniel Trejos, quien como asistente de investigación de cesICAM se preocupó por la adecuada compilación de los textos, y el mejoramiento de las imágenes y de los mapas, a Luz Adria- na Gómez por la coordinación desde el CIPE en la edición de esta obra. A la Universidad Externado de Colombia. Un agradecimiento especial a cada uno de los autores, por su dedicación y compromiso. CONTENIDO FOREWORD 13 INTRODUCTION 17 Soraya Caro Vargas 1. The History of a Multicultural Academic Endeavour 17 2. The Search for Security vs. Growing Uncertainty 18 2.1. Methodology and Techniques 19 3. Theoretical Markers 20 4. Bibliographic antecedents in the Region and the Relevance of this Initiative 24 5. Globalizing Precursors and the Resurgence of the Economic Corridor as a Term and Consequence of BRI 28 6. On the Authors and their Vision of Corridors and BRI 32 Conclusion 40 References 41 1. LA NUEVA RUTA DE LA SEDA: CONTEXTO HISTÓRICO Y ASPECTOS GEOPOLÍTICOS DE LA ESTRATEGIA GLOBAL DE CHINA 45 Alexánder Arciniegas Carreño Resumen 45 Abstract 45 Introducción 46 1. Los cambios en la inserción internacional china y la emergencia de Obor 48 2. Los caminos de la Ruta de la Seda: franja terrestre y ruta marítima; naturaleza, principios, ejes de actuación e institucionalidad 54 3. Asia central: recursos e importancia estratégica para China 60 4. Obor el dilema de India 64 5. Algunas consideraciones conclusivas sobre la proyección internacional de China y su impacto en Latinoamérica y Colombia 69 Referencias 72 7 8 2. INDIA’S ECONOMIC CORRIDORS AND SUB-REGIONAL CONNECTIVITY: CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS 79 Pankaj K Jha Abstract 79 Resumen 80 Introduction 81 1. Theoretical Discourse about Economic Corridors 83 2. India’s Economic Corridors and Highway Networks 85 3. Developing Port Infrastructure 91 4. River Interlinking Plan and Promotion of Inland waterways 94 5. Connecting with Neighborhood and Sub-Regional networks 96 6. Trilateral Highway Networks-Myanmar-India- Thailand 97 7. Mekong India Economic Corridor (MIEC) 98 8. Indo-Pacific Economic Corridor (IPEC) 99 9. Transport Corridors –BBIN and BCIM initiative 100 10. Structural Constraints and Bottlenecks 102 Conclusion 104 References 105 3. CHINESE CAPITAL FLOWS TO AFRICA IN A CONTEXT OF THE SILK ROAD 109 Alicia Girón ABSTRACT 109 Resumen 110 Introduction 110 1. Theoretical perspective 113 2. Behavior of Financial Flows from Chinese Banks and Companies in Africa 116 3. Constant Growth of the Process of Indebtedness since the Post-Crisis Period 122 4. Concluding remarks: Challenges facing Africa in the face of financial flows 126 References 126 4. DEVELOPMENT CORRIDORS IN AFRICA: FOREIGN POLICY AND REGIONAL INTEGRATION STRATEGIES IN THE GLOBAL SOUTH 131 Jerónimo Delgado Caicedo Juliana Andrea Guzmán Cárdenas Abstract 131 Resumen 132 Introduction 133 1. Development corridors 138 9 1.1. From transport corridor to economic corridor 138 1.2. Development corridors and Africa 141 2. Development Corridors as a Foreign Policy and Regional Integration Tool 146 2.1. Foreign Policy in the Global South 146 2.2 . African Regional Integration 150 3. Challenges 154 4. Conclusions 157 References 160 5. A CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF THE CHINA-PAKISTAN ECONOMIC CORRIDOR. MAPPING PUBLIC DISCOURSE IN PAKISTAN: THE CASE STUDY OF THE INSTITUTE OF STRATEGIC STUDIES 169 Ahmad Saffee Abstract 169 Resumen 169 Introduction 170 1. Situational Analysis of Geo-political Environment 171 2. Theoretical Framework 173 2.1. Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) 173 3. Research Methodology 177 4. Research Analysis – A Critical Thematic Analysis of Discourse 179 4.1. The Communist Party of China 182 4.2 . Media and Think Tank Community 186 Conclusion 194 References 196 6. RESURGENCE OF SOUTH-SOUTH COOPERATION AND CHINA’S BelT AND ROAD INITIATIve IN ASIA AND LATIN AMERICA 199 Ume Farwa Guzanfar Ali Garewal Abstract 199 Resumen 200 Introduction 201 1. Belt and Road as a Project of South-South Cooperation 204 2. China-Pakistan Economic Corridor: China as a Locomotive and Pakistan as a Catalyst 207 3. The Good and the Best 211 4. The Fix 215 5. Looking Forward: Lessons for Latin America and Impact on ssc 219 Conclusion 220 References 221 10 7. THE INFRASTRUCTURE GAP IN LATIN AMERICA AND THE ARRIVAL OF CHINESE INFRASTRUCTURE FIRMS: SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE ARGENTINIAN CASE 225 Leonardo E. Stanley Abstract 225 Resumen 225 Introduction 226 1. The nature of the firm (or Why Chinese firms are something special that should be considered) 230 2. The Belt and Road Initiative and Latin America Infrastructure Gap 236 3. Industry Analysis (with a focus on the Argentinean case) 239 3.1. Argentina Infrastructure Gap (particular emphasis on roads) 242 3.2. The entry of Chinese firms and local business groups: competition or cooperation 244 3.3. Financial Schemes and Governance Issues 248 4. Conclusions 252 References 254 8. EL MERCOSUR EN LA BÚSQUEDA DE ASIA PACÍFICO 263 Gustavo Cardozo Resumen 263 Abstract 263 Introducción 264 1. La Nueva Ruta de la Seda y su impacto en América Latina y el Caribe: perspectivas desde el Cono Sur 266 2. El Mercosur en la búsqueda de Asia Pacífico 276 Conclusiones 282 Referencias 283 9. DEL FORTALECIMIENTO DE LAS FRONTERAS A LA CONECTIVIDAD: LECCIONES PARA EL SUR DE ASIA Y AMÉRICA DEL SUR 287 Kelly Arévalo Resumen 287 Abstract 288 Introducción 288 1. Más allá de la geografía política 290 2. Conectividad hoy: corredores económicos 294 3. Conectividad en el Sur de Asia 296 4. Conectividad en América del Sur 301 5. Conclusiones 307 Referencias 311 11 10. EL SUDESTE ASIÁTICO EN LAS NUEVAS RUTAS TRANSCONTINENTALES ASEAN 315 Pío García Resumen 315 Abstract 316 Introducción 316 1. Asean en el núcleo de la integración asiática 320 2. Asean en los proyectos transcontinentales asiáticos 324 3. Asean frente a los proyectos transcontinentales: impacto y perspectivas 330 4. Asean, las rutas transasiáticas y América Latina y el Caribe 337 Conclusiones 342 Referencias 343 11. THE ROLE OF THE CENTRAL ASIAN REGION IN CHINA’S NEW SILK ROAD ECONOMIC BELT PROJECT 349 Azhar Serikkaliyeva Abstract 349 Resumen 349 Introduction 350 1. China’s Interests in Central Asia 352 1.1. The SCO: Fighting three evils 354 1.2. Energy 357 1.3. China’s Peaceful Co-development and Good Neighborly Policy 360 2. Situating Central Asia in BRI 361 2.1. Why Central Asia is important for BRI? 364 2.2. Main BRI projects in Central Asia 365 2.3. The New Eurasian Land Bridge 366 3. Economic corridor China - Central Asia - Western Asia 367 3.1. Response from Central Asia: case of Kazakhstan 371 Conclusion 376 References 377 12. TURKEY AND THE BELT AND ROAD INITIATIVE 383 Gökhan Tekir Abstract 383 Resumen 384 Introduction 384 1. Baku-Tbilisi-Kars Railway 388 2. Turkey’s Domestic Railway Lines 389 3. Marmaray and Yavuz Sultan Selim Bridge 391 4. The Turkish Maritime Leg of the Belt and Road 394 12 5. Turkey’s Role in Civilizational Connectivity 395 6. Challenges to Turkey’s Participation in the Belt and Road Initiative 398 6.1. Volatility in the Infrastructure Sector 398 6.2. The Xinjiang Problem 402 Conclusion 404 References 406 13. BELT & ROAD INITIATIVE Y SU SIGNIFICADO GEOPOLÍTICO PARA CHINA Y ASIA CENTRAL 413 Diana Andrea Gómez Resumen 413 Abstract 413 Introducción 414 1. Alcance del BRI 417 1.1 La tecnología rebasa la geografía 419 2. Importancia geopolítica de BRI 421 2.1. BRI en perspectiva doméstica 421 2.2. BRI en perspectiva regional: el rol de Asia central 423 3. Grandes desafíos generados por BRI en perspectiva global 429 3.1. El rol central de las ciudades 432 Conclusiones y recomendaciones 435 Referencias 437 REFLEXIONES FINALES E INVITACIÓN A LA ACADEMIA 443 Soraya Caro Vargas Referencias 448 AUTHORS 451 FOREWORD Global geopolitics has shifted dramatically over the last thirty years. After the vanishing expectations of a unipolar international system led by the United States, China has gained an increasingly dominant role in areas as innovative as quantum computing, robotics and artificial intelligence.
Recommended publications
  • Publication: BELT and ROAD INITIATIVE (BRI)

    Publication: BELT and ROAD INITIATIVE (BRI)

    “CGSS is a Non-Profit Institution with a mission to help improve policy and decision-making through analysis and research” Copyright © Center for Global & Strategic Studies (CGSS) All rights reserved Printed in Pakistan Published in April, 2017 ISBN 978 969 7733 05 7 Please do not disseminate, distribute or reproduce, in whole or part, this report without prior consent of CGSS CGSS Center for Global & Strategic Studies, Islamabad 3rd Floor, 1-E, Ali Plaza, Jinnah Avenue, Islamabad, Pakistan Tel: +92-51-8319682 Email: [email protected] Web: www.cgss.com.pk Abstract Belt & Road Initiative (BRI) is a massive project which can be termed as a revival of the Ancient Silk Road in order to materialize the Prophecy of Asian Century through the economic expansion and infrastructural build-up by China. The project comprises of two major components that are: 21st Century Maritime Silk Route (MSR) and Silk Road Economic Belt (SREB) which is further distributed in six overland economic corridors where China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) is one significant corridor. The project holds massive importance for China in particular and all the other stakeholders in general and will provide enormous opportunity for the socio-economic as well as the infrastructural development of many countries across the globe. The rationale behind China’s massive investment in this project is to attain global domination through geopolitical expansions. China’s economic activities and investment are directed to the promotion of global trade. Although the commencement of the project met with skeptical views as for few specific countries, it is China’s strategic policy to upsurge and enhance its military and economic presence in the World especially in the Indian Ocean and emerge as an economic giant by replacing USA’s superpower status.
  • Basement Composition and Basin Geometry Controls on Upper-Crustal Deformation in the Southern Central Andes (30–36° S)

    Basement Composition and Basin Geometry Controls on Upper-Crustal Deformation in the Southern Central Andes (30–36° S)

    Geol. Mag.: page 1 of 17 c Cambridge University Press 2016 1 doi:10.1017/S0016756816000364 Basement composition and basin geometry controls on upper-crustal deformation in the Southern Central Andes (30–36° S) ∗ ∗ ∗ JOSÉ F. MESCUA †, LAURA GIAMBIAGI , MATÍAS BARRIONUEVO , ∗ ∗ ANDRÉS TASSARA‡, DIEGO MARDONEZ , MANUELA MAZZITELLI ∗ & ANA LOSSADA ∗ Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales (IANIGLA), Centro Científico Tecnológico Mendoza, CONICET. Av. Ruiz leal s/n Parque General San Martín, Mendoza (5500) Argentina ‡Departamento de Ciencias de la Tierra, Universidad de Concepción, Victor Lamas 1290, Barrio Universitario, Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Chile (Received 13 December 2015; accepted 5 April 2016) Abstract – Deformation and uplift in the Andes are a result of the subduction of the Nazca plate below South America. The deformation shows variations in structural style and shortening along and across the strike of the orogen, as a result of the dynamics of the subduction system and the features of the upper plate. In this work, we analyse the development of thin-skinned and thick-skinned fold and thrust belts in the Southern Central Andes (30–36° S). The pre-Andean history of the area determined the formation of different basement domains with distinct lithological compositions, as a result of terrane accretions during Palaeozoic time, the development of a widespread Permo-Triassic magmatic province and long-lasting arc activity. Basin development during Palaeozoic and Mesozoic times produced thick sedimentary successions in different parts of the study area. Based on estimations of strength for the different basement and sedimentary rocks, calculated using geophysical estimates of rock physical properties, we propose that the contrast in strength between basement and cover is the main control on structural style (thin- v.
  • Territorial Studies in Argentina

    Territorial Studies in Argentina

    TERRITORIAL STUDIES IN ARGENTINA AN INTERDISCIPLINARY APPROACH ARGENTINA, A COUNTRY OF CONTRAST Course Main Goal To gain insights into Argentina’s cultural diversity and its main productive areas from the economic, cultural and environmental perspective. Course description Students will get a cross-cultural experience and perspectives on Argentina’s main productive areas and its historic and economic role as a major food producer, where people, culture, landscapes, plant and animal life are diverse. In addition, they will be culturally enriched by experiencing a blend of culture, language, history, art and traditions related to the main productive areas. The course comprises different group activities, such as, discussion groups, seminars, etc. Courseload 45 hours (2 hours period, 4 days a week plus visit sites). Students will have the chance to visit main productive sites and experience short study trips (as livestock markets, ecological reservation and Delta del Paraná Biosphere Reserve) throughout the program. Course Contents The role of Agriculture in Argentina. Economic, Political & Social Changes. Historical and Anthropological perspectives. Argentina’s main regions. The Humid Pampas, Cuyo, Patagonia, etc. (I): Demographical, socioeconomic, agricultural, historical, landscape and cultural (music, art, customs) aspects. Other relevant regions. Territorial Studies. Areas of Study. 1- Pampa Húmeda (Humid Pampas) 2- Patagonia 3- Iguazú Falls – Mesopotamia 4- Cuyo 5- North West Region. 1) The Humid Pampas Myths and Economic facts (gauchos, soybean myth). Leading roles. Agroexporting model. Agricultural clusters and soybean production – agricultural production, cattle raising and beef production. Agrifood and commoditization. The Rural and Urban tandem. Immigration and cultural perspectives. Buenos Aires port as a cultural bridge.
  • Jaipur Metro Rail Corporation Ltd. (A Govt

    Jaipur Metro Rail Corporation Ltd. (A Govt

    RFP No.F.1 (R-139)/JMRC/DC/Rev./OD-05/2020-21/15 Dated: 26.03.2021 (Package: OD-05 for Chandpole Metro Station area) Price Rs. 2360 (Inclusive of GST) LICENSING OF EXCLUSIVE RIGHTS FOR OUTDOOR ADVERTISEMENT ALONG THE JAIPUR METRO RAIL CORRIDOR [Chandpole Metro Station area] [Package: OD-05] REQUEST FOR PROPOSAL Jaipur Metro Rail Corporation Ltd. (A Govt. of Rajasthan undertaking) Admin Building, Metro Depot, Bhrigu Path, Mansarovar, Jaipur 302020. Website: www.jaipurmetrorail.in | CIN: U60221RJ2010SGC030630 RFP No.F.1 (R-139)/JMRC/DC/Rev./OD-05/2020-21/15 Dated: 26.03.2021 (Package: OD-05 for Chandpole Metro Station area) TABLE OF CONTENTS DISCLAIMER ...................................................................................................................................................... 1 1. NOTICE INVITING BIDS ................................................................................................................................ 2 1.1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................ 2 1.2 SCHEDULE AND DATES TO THE INVITATION OF RFP .................................................................... 2 1.3 ELIGIBILITY CRITERION OF BIDDERS ................................................................................................ 4 2. DEFINITIONS .................................................................................................................................................. 6 3. INSTRUCTIONS TO
  • Report on China-Laos Cooperation Opportunities Under the Belt and Road Initiative in 2018 China Economic Information Service

    Report on China-Laos Cooperation Opportunities Under the Belt and Road Initiative in 2018 China Economic Information Service

    Report on China-Laos Cooperation Opportunities under the Belt and Road Initiative in 2018 China Economic Information Service Xinhua Silk Road Department 1 Contents Abstract......................................................................................................................................3 1. Substantial Achievements in Trade and Economic Cooperation.....................................5 (1) Rapid growth of bilateral trade and economic relations....................................................... 5 (2) Expansion of cooperation in the field of investment............................................................ 6 (3) Unique advantages of project contracting.............................................................................8 (4) Remarkable achievements in financial cooperation..............................................................9 (5) Aids to Laos to stimulate its demand...................................................................................11 2. The Belt and Road Initiative provides constant dynamics for China-Laos trade and economic cooperation............................................................................................................. 12 (1) Mutual connectivities shortens the distance between China and Laos...............................12 i. The railway facilitates Lao dream of a “land-linked country”....................................... 12 ii. The satellite connects Laos with the world.................................................................. 13 (2) Production
  • (BRI) in Myanmar

    (BRI) in Myanmar

    MYANMAR POLICY BRIEFING | 22 | November 2019 Selling the Silk Road Spirit: China’s Belt and Road Initiative in Myanmar Key points • Rather than a ‘grand strategy’ the BRI is a broad and loosely governed framework of activities seeking to address a crisis in Chinese capitalism. Almost any activity, implemented by any actor in any place can be included under the BRI framework and branded as a ‘BRI project’. This allows Chinese state-owned enterprises (SOEs) and provincial governments to promote their own projects in pursuit of profit and economic growth. Where necessary, the central Chinese government plays a strong politically support- ive role. It also maintains a semblance of control and leadership over the initiative as a whole. But with such a broad framework, and a multitude of actors involved, the Chinese government has struggled to effectively govern BRI activities. • The BRI is the latest initiative in three decades of efforts to promote Chinese trade and investment in Myanmar. Following the suspension of the Myitsone hydropower dam project and Myanmar’s political and economic transition to a new system of quasi-civilian government in the early 2010s, Chinese companies faced greater competition in bidding for projects and the Chinese Government became frustrated. The rift between the Myanmar government and the international community following the Rohingya crisis in Rakhine State provided the Chinese government with an opportunity to rebuild closer ties with their counterparts in Myanmar. The China-Myanmar Economic Corridor (CMEC) was launched as the primary mechanism for BRI activities in Myanmar, as part of the Chinese government’s economic approach to addressing the conflicts in Myanmar.
  • The China-Pakistan Economic Corridor: Regional Effects and Recommendations for Sustainable Development and Trade

    The China-Pakistan Economic Corridor: Regional Effects and Recommendations for Sustainable Development and Trade

    Denver Journal of International Law & Policy Volume 45 Number 4 Article 3 April 2020 The China-Pakistan Economic Corridor: Regional Effects and Recommendations for Sustainable Development and Trade Shirin Lakhani Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.du.edu/djilp Recommended Citation Shirin Lakhani, The China-Pakistan Economic Corridor: Regional Effects and Recommendations for Sustainable Development and Trade, 45 Denv. J. Int'l L. & Pol'y 417 (2017). This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Digital Commons @ DU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Denver Journal of International Law & Policy by an authorized editor of Digital Commons @ DU. For more information, please contact [email protected],[email protected]. THE CHINA-PAKISTAN ECONOMIC CORRIDOR: REGIONAL EFFECTS AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND TRADE By: Shirin Lakhani' In November 2003, China and Pakistan signed a Joint Declaration of Cooperation outlining their bilateral intent to promote trade and economic development.' In 2006, these nations composed and signed the Pakistan-China Free Trade Agreement (FTA) according to World Trade Organization (WTO) guidelines. 2 It was not until April 2015, when Chinese President Xi Jinping visited Pakistan, that the fruits of these agreements came to blossom. During this visit, China and Pakistan signed 51 agreements, memorandums of understanding (MoUs), and financing contracts, signaling the beginning of what is now known as the China- Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC). CPEC is a $51 billion Chinese investment to develop Pakistan's infrastructure, transportation, and energy sectors.4 Approximately 80% of the projects are energy- related, with the remaining 20% dedicated to expanding existing infrastructure.s The Corridor will link Kashgar to Gwadar, providing China with a direct route to the Persian Gulf.
  • Bibliography

    Bibliography

    Bibliography Aamir, A. (2015a, June 27). Interview with Syed Fazl-e-Haider: Fully operational Gwadar Port under Chinese control upsets key regional players. The Balochistan Point. Accessed February 7, 2019, from http://thebalochistanpoint.com/interview-fully-operational-gwadar-port-under- chinese-control-upsets-key-regional-players/ Aamir, A. (2015b, February 7). Pak-China Economic Corridor. Pakistan Today. Aamir, A. (2017, December 31). The Baloch’s concerns. The News International. Aamir, A. (2018a, August 17). ISIS threatens China-Pakistan Economic Corridor. China-US Focus. Accessed February 7, 2019, from https://www.chinausfocus.com/peace-security/isis-threatens- china-pakistan-economic-corridor Aamir, A. (2018b, July 25). Religious violence jeopardises China’s investment in Pakistan. Financial Times. Abbas, Z. (2000, November 17). Pakistan faces brain drain. BBC. Abbas, H. (2007, March 29). Transforming Pakistan’s frontier corps. Terrorism Monitor, 5(6). Abbas, H. (2011, February). Reforming Pakistan’s police and law enforcement infrastructure is it too flawed to fix? (USIP Special Report, No. 266). Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace (USIP). Abbas, N., & Rasmussen, S. E. (2017, November 27). Pakistani law minister quits after weeks of anti-blasphemy protests. The Guardian. Abbasi, N. M. (2009). The EU and Democracy building in Pakistan. Stockholm: International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance. Accessed February 7, 2019, from https:// www.idea.int/sites/default/files/publications/chapters/the-role-of-the-european-union-in-democ racy-building/eu-democracy-building-discussion-paper-29.pdf Abbasi, A. (2017, April 13). CPEC sect without project director, key specialists. The News International. Abbasi, S. K. (2018, May 24).
  • Hospital Master

    Hospital Master

    S.No HOSPITALNAME STREET CITYDESC STATEDESC PINCODE 1 Highway Hospital Dev Ashish Jeen Hath Naka, Maarathon Circle Mumbai and Maharashtra 400601 Suburb 2 PADMAVATI MATERNITY AND 215/216- Oswal Oronote, 2nd Thane Maharashtra 401105 NURSING HOME 3 Jai Kamal Eye Hospital Opp Sandhu Colony G.T.Road, Chheharta, Amritsar Amritsar Punjab 143001 4 APOLLO SPECIALITY HOSPITAL Chennai By-Pass Road, Tiruchy TamilNadu 620010 5 Khanna Hospital C2/396,Janakpuri New Delhi Delhi 110058 6 B.M Gupta Nursing Home H-11-15 Arya Samaj Road,Uttam Nagar New Delhi Delhi 110059 Pvt.Ltd. 7 Divakar Global Hospital No. 220, Second Phase, J.P.Nagar, Bengaluru Karnataka 560078 8 Anmay Eye Hospital - Dr Off. C.G. Road , Nr. President Hotel,Opp. Mahalya Ahmedabad Gujarat 380009 Raminder Singh Building, Navrangpura 9 Tilak Hospital Near Ramlila Ground,Gurgaon Road,Pataudi,Gurgaon-Gurugram Haryana 122503 122503 10 GLOBAL 5 Health Care F-2, D-2, Sector9, Main Road, Vashi, Navi Mumbai Mumbai and Maharashtra 400703 Suburb 11 S B Eye Care Hospital Anmol Nagar, Old Tanda Road, Tanda By-Pass, Hoshiarpur Punjab 146001 Hoshiarpur 12 Dhir Eye Hospital Old Court Road Rajpura Punjab 140401 13 Bilal Hospital Icu Ryal Garden,A wing,Nr.Shimla Thane Maharashtra 401201 Park,Kausa,Mumbra,Thane 14 Renuka Eye Institute 25/3,Jessre road,Dakbanglow Kolkata West Bengal 700127 More,Rathala,Barsat,Kolkatta 15 Pardi Hospital Nh No-8, Killa Pardi, Opp. Renbasera HotelPardi Valsad Gujarat 396001 16 Jagat Hospital Raibaraily Road, Naka Chungi, Faizabad Faizabad Uttar Pradesh 224001 17 SANT DNYANESHWAR Sant Nagar, Plot no-1/1, Sec No-4, Moshi Pune Maharashtra 412105 HOSPITAL PRIVATE LIMITED Pradhikaran,Pune-Nashik Highway, Spine Road 18 Lotus Hospital #389/3, Prem Nagar, Mata Road-122001 Gurugram Haryana 122001 19 Samyak Hospital BM-7 East Shalimar Bagh New Delhi Delhi 110088 20 Bristlecone Hospitals Pvt.
  • Connectivity Through BCIM-EC 121

    Connectivity Through BCIM-EC 121

    Connectivity Through BCIM-EC 121 CONNECTIVITY THROUGH BCIM-EC: PROSPECTS AND CHALLENGES Sultana Yesmin∗ Abstract The paper examines the status of physical connectivity along the proposed overland routes of the BCIM economic corridor. The study tends to elucidate the areas of common interests of the BCIM countries by and large due to geo- strategic and geo-economic importance of physical connectivity in the BCIM sub- region. The paper, thereby, observes the successive developments of the BCIM Regional Cooperation Forum, since its inauguration, towards achieving its goals and objectives. Hence, the paper comes up with some policy recommendations while exploring major threats prevailing across the BCIM-EC. INTRODUCTION The Bangladesh-China-India-Myanmar (BCIM) Regional Cooperation Forum has been established with a view to boosting regional integration among the four member countries through intensifying physical connectivity and economic corridor in the region. Connecting three sub-regions together, South Asia, Southeast Asia, and East Asia, the BCIM- Economic Corridor (BCIM- EC) is not only geo-strategically significant but also geo-economically requisite for the member countries to be essential parts of global trade and business in the region. Given the importance, since the establishment, the BCIM-EC has made massive progresses towards the fulfilment of its goals and objectives along with the cooperation of the four countries. Though initially starting as a non- governmental project, the BCIM Forum is now one of the major priority agendas of the governments of the BCIM member countries in order to enhance regional connectivity and multilateral trade relations. As far as the interests of four countries from three distinct regions are concerned, it is important to specify the areas of their common interests with a view to signifying the common objectives of the BCIM-EC.
  • Request for Proposals – Renovar Program – Round 2

    Request for Proposals – Renovar Program – Round 2

    REQUEST FOR PROPOSALS – RENOVAR PROGRAM – ROUND 2 1. Subject-matter Pursuant to the provisions set forth in Resolution ME&M No. 275 passed on August, 16th. 20171 CAMMESA calls for the submission of bids (the ‘Open Call for Tenders’) for the qualification of and possible award to national or foreign legal entities, for the purpose of executing renewable power purchase agreements to be signed with CAMMESA, acting in representation of Distribution Companies and Large Users of the Wholesale Electric Market (henceforth “MEM”), with the aim of increasing the share of renewable sources of energy in the country’s energy mix, pursuant to Laws N° 26190 and N° 27191 and Decree N° 531/2016 and its amendments. 2. Definitions ‘Additional Provider of the Technical Transmission Function’ is defined in The Procedures. ‘Adjusted Offered Price’ or ‘AOP’ is defined in Provision 18.1 of the RFP. ‘Annual Adjustment Factor’ is the value shown, for each Production Year, in the column named ‘Annual Adjustment Factor’ of Annex 8. ‘Annual Price’ is, for each Production Year, the price detailed in Annex B of the Power Purchase Agreement. ‘Argentine Peso/s’ or ‘$’ is, at any time, the effective legal tender in the Argentine Republic for that date. ‘Awarded Price’ is defined in Provision 13.1.3 of this RFP. ‘Awardee’ is the qualified Bidder who has been chosen by CAMMESA, in accordance with the instructions from the Enforcement Authority, to sign the Power Purchase Agreement by means of a Specific Purpose Entity (SPE). ‘Beneficiary’ is defined in Annex 7 of this RFP. ‘Bid Bond’ is the guarantee granted to CAMMESA by the Bidder pursuant to the terms and conditions set forth in Provision 10 of the RFP.
  • China's High-Speed Rail Diplomacy

    China's High-Speed Rail Diplomacy

    China’s High-speed Rail Diplomacy: Global Impacts and East Asian Responses Gerald Chan University of Auckland, New Zealand February 2016 Fellows Program on Peace, Governance, and Development in East Asia EAI Working Paper Knowledge-Net for a Better World The East Asia Institute (EAI) is a nonprofit and independent research organization in Korea, founded in May 2002. The EAI strives to transform East Asia into a society of nations based on liberal democracy, market economy, open society, and peace. The EAI takes no institutional position on policy issues and has no affiliation with the Korean government. All statements of fact and expressions of opinion contained in its publications are the sole responsibility of the author or authors. is a registered trademark. Copyright © 2016 by EAI This electronic publication of EAI intellectual property is provided for non-commercial use only, as long as it is unaltered and complete. Copies may not be duplicated for commercial purposes. Unauthorized posting of EAI documents to a non-EAI website is prohibited. EAI documents are protected under copyright law. “China’s High-speed Rail Diplomacy: Global Impacts and East Asian Responses” ISBN 979-11-86226-77-3 95340 The East Asia Institute #909 Sampoong B/D, 158 Euljiro Jung-gu, Seoul 04548 Republic of Korea Tel. 82 2 2277 1683 Fax 82 2 2277 1684 Fellows Program on Peace, Governance, and Development in East Asia China’s High-speed Rail Diplomacy: Global Impacts and East Asian Responses* Gerald Chan University of Auckland, New Zealand February 2016 Abstract China as a high-speed rail power has just begun to capture the attention of the world.