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Les Ennemis D'internet

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Les Ennemis D'internet MARS 2011 LES ENNEMIS D’INTERNET LES ENNEMIS D’INTERNET/ 12 MARS 2011/ JOURNÉE MONDIALE CONTRE LA CYBER-CENSURE ////////////////////////////////////////// 2 CARTE MONDIalE DE la CYBER-CENSURE..................3 INTRODUCTION GÉNÉRalE.................................................................4 PAYS ENNEMIS D’INTERNET............................................................11 ARABIE SAOUDITE.............................................................................................................11 BIRMANIE.......................................................................................................................... 14 CHINE..................................................................................................................................18 CORÉE DU NORD................................................................................................................27 CUBA ..................................................................................................................................30 IRAN ...................................................................................................................................33 OUZBEKISTAN ...................................................................................................................38 SYRIE..................................................................................................................................41 TURKMENISTAN.................................................................................................................46 VIÊT-NAM...........................................................................................................................49 PAYS SOUS SURVEIllaNCE........................................................... 54 AUSTRALIE........................................................................................................................ 54 BaHREIN.............................................................................................................................56 BÉLARUS............................................................................................................................60 CORÉE DU SUD..................................................................................................................63 EGYPTE...............................................................................................................................66 EMIRATS ARABES UNIS....................................................................................................70 ERYTHRÉE..........................................................................................................................73 FRANCE..............................................................................................................................75 LIBYE ..................................................................................................................................80 MaLAISIE...........................................................................................................................82 RUssIE...............................................................................................................................85 SRI LaNKA..........................................................................................................................89 THAÏLANDE........................................................................................................................91 TUNISIE...............................................................................................................................94 TURQUIE...........................................................................................................................97 VENEZUELA......................................................................................................................101 LES ENNEMIS D’INTERNET/ 12 MARS 2011/ JOURNÉE MONDIALE CONTRE LA CYBER-CENSURE ////////////////////////////////////////// 3 caRTE MONDIalE DE la CYBER-CENSURE LES ENNEMIS D’INTERNET/ 12 MARS 2011/ JOURNÉE MONDIALE CONTRE LA CYBER-CENSURE ////////////////////////////////////////// 4 LES NOUVEAUX MÉDIAS : ENTRE RÉVOLUTION ET RÉPRESSION, la SOLIDARITÉ SUR LE NET FacE À la CENSURE PRINTEMPS ARABE : être avant tout des révolutions humaines, propulsées par Internet et les réseaux sociaux. APOGÉE DU WEB ? Facebook et Twitter ont fait office de caisse de réson- nance, amplifiant et répercutant les frustrations et les re- L’année 2010 aura vu la consécration des réseaux sociaux vendications des manifestants. Le rôle des téléphones et du Web comme outils de mobilisation et de transmis- portables s’est également avéré crucial. Les journalistes sion d’informations. 250 millions d’utilisateurs ont rejoint citoyens ont alimenté en images les sites de partage de Facebook en 2010. A la fin de l’année, le réseau social photos, de vidéos, et les sites de streaming, permettant comptait 600 millions de membres. 175 millions de per- au reste du monde de suivre en direct les événements, sonnes utilisaient Twitter en septembre 2010, soit 100 mil- malgré la censure. lions de plus par rapport à l’année passée. Les autorités tunisiennes avaient notamment imposé un Les médias occidentaux avaient fait l’éloge d’Internet et blackout médiatique sur les événements de Sidi Bouzid. de son rôle “libérateur” pendant la révolution iranienne Les médias dits “traditionnels” n’évoquant pas, à leurs dé- de 2009. Selon le New York Times, les manifestants “ti- buts, les mouvements de protestation qui commençaient raient des tweets” face aux balles. Pourtant, Twitter avait à secouer le pays, ils ont été suppléés par les réseaux so- surtout été utilisé par la diaspora. La thèse d’Evgeny Mo- ciaux et des sites d’informations comme Nawaat.org. Fa- rozov, expert d’Internet, développée dans son livre, The cebook, tout particulièrement, a servi de plate-forme aux Net Delusion, met en doute le rôle d’Internet comme outil internautes pour poster régulièrement des commentaires, de démocratisation. Le Web est utilisé par les dissidents, des photos et vidéos. Le site de streaming Bambuser.com mais aussi par les autorités afin de relayer la propagande a aussi connu son heure de gloire. Chacun pouvait suivre officielle et de renforcer la surveillance et le contrôle des en direct les événements. Les appels à manifester sur le populations. Web se sont propagés à d’autres pays : Egypte, Libye, Yé- men, Bahreïn, Oman, Syrie, Irak, Maroc et même Chine, Internet reste avant tout un outil, utilisé pour le meilleur et Viêt-nam, etc. pour le pire. Dans les pays les plus cloisonnés, il crée un espace de liberté. Son potentiel de diffusion d’informa- tions irrite les dictateurs et rend inefficaces les méthodes MONTÉE EN PUISSANCE traditionnelles de censure. Certains régimes y ont recours DE CONTROL 2.0 pour surveiller les dissidents, notamment via Facebook et Twitter, et infiltrer leurs réseaux. RENFORCEMENT DE LA CENSURE ET DE LA RÉPREssION Pourtant, les termes de “révolution Twitter” et “révolution Facebook” sont revenus à la mode grâce aux événements La nouvelle stratégie des régimes autoritaires ne rime plus qui ont marqué le monde arabe fin 2010 et début 2011. tant avec un blocage pur et dur qu’avec une manipulation Les mouvements “en ligne” se sont conjugués à des ma- et une propagande en ligne. Certes, des pays comme la nifestations “hors ligne”, précipitant la chute de dictateurs. Chine, l’Arabie saoudite ou l’Iran appliquent toujours un Les révolutions tunisienne et égyptienne se sont révélées filtrage sévère, qu’ils ont même tendance à accentuer LES ENNEMIS D’INTERNET/ 12 MARS 2011/ JOURNÉE MONDIALE CONTRE LA CYBER-CENSURE ////////////////////////////////////////// 5 en période de tensions, notamment à l’attention des si- son prix, en décembre 2010, a déclenché une riposte tes de micro-blogging et des réseaux sociaux, mais leurs d’une violence rare : censure sur les sites de micro-blog- internautes continuent d’apprendre à contourner la censu- ging de toute allusion à cette récompense, interpellations re. La Chine a particulièrement renforcé la Grande Muraille ou placements en résidence surveillée de centaines de électronique et s’est attaquée à l’anonymat des internautes partisans ou de proches du militant des droits de l’homme. et des utilisateurs de téléphones portables. L’Ouzbékistan, la Sy- En Iran, des net-citoyens emprison- rie, le Viêt-nam – pour n’en citer A CE JOUR, 119 nés ont été, pour la première fois, que quelques-uns – ont accru la condamnés à la peine de mort. censure pour étouffer les échos NET-CITOYENS Une peine très sévère prononcée des révolutions agitant le monde à l’encontre d’un blogueur, Hos- arabe. SONT EN PRISON sein Derakhshan, connu comme le père de la blogosphère persanne, A ce jour, un internaute sur trois n’a pas accès à un Internet s’est élevée à dix-neuf ans et demi de prison. libre. Une soixantaine de pays pratique la censure, sous la forme de filtrage ou de harcèlement des net-citoyens. Dans l’ère du “Control 2.0”, plusieurs méthodes éprouvées D’autres pourraient rejoindre leurs rangs dans les mois et sont utilisées de concert par les autorités pour empêcher les années à venir. Pour la première fois, le Bangladesh les dissidents de régner sur la Toile et mieux contrôler les a bloqué l’accès à des sites en raison de vidéos jugées messages. offensantes pour le Prophète. Le Cambodge a également censuré des sites d’informations. La censure du Net se banalise. RENFORCEMENT DE la PROPAGAN-
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