D. Suisun Slough

Suisun Marsh. Photo by BCDC. Local Assessments Section D: SUISUN SLOUGH Operational Landscape Unit

JURISDICTIONS WITHIN THIS SECTION

Solano County Suisun City Fairfield LOCAL ASSESSMENT OLU: SUISUN SLOUGH flooding andsealevel rise. Each part ofthelocalassessmentprovides levels varying Each part ofdetailsatthree scales:1)Operational understanding theirlocal Landscape Unit(OLU), 2)IndividualDescriptions,and3)Shared Stories ofVulnerabilities inFocus shared vulnerabilities to Local assessmentsare organized by fourregional systemsassessed: Transportation, Vulnerable WHO IS THIS WHO Anyone interested in ENDNOTES �� Area ofImpactB:I-680atOakridgeLane Focus Area A:SuisunCityandSouthFairfield ...... FOCUS AREASANDOFIMPACT Areas PriorityConservation (PCAs)...... WHERE AREWEIN THE REGION? PriorityDevelopment Areas (PDAs) Vulnerable Communities Transportation ...... WHAT WAS ASSESSED? WHAT SYSTEMS AREHERE? REGIONAL Areas/Areas ofImpact. canbe This asessmentcanbereviewed inwhole,orindividualparts Communities, PriorityDevelopment Areas (PDAs), Areas andPriorityConservation (PCAs). Area of ImpactC:SuisunMarshandGrizzlyIslandRoad...... 36 FOR? D -2•ADAPTING TO RISING TIDES: BAY AREA reviewed separately dependingoninterest andlevel ofdetaildesired. �� • • • • Local jurisdictions HOW TO USE THE LOCAL ASSESSMENTS

Utilities Providers Special Districts Counties Cities ...... �� WHAT’S IN THIS ASSESSMENT? �� ...... • • • • Stakeholder Groups

Interested Parties Associations For-profits/Private Non-profits/NGOs HOW ISIT ORGANIZED? General Public • • • State/Regional

MTC/ABAG Caltrans Residents 44 28 12 16 14 6 5 3 8 6 to Patagonia,providingfoodandhabitatformigratorybirds. important stoponthePacificFlyway,amajorbirdmigratoryrouteextendingfromAlaska depend uponacarefulbalancingoffreshandsalinewatersfortheirsurvival.Itisalsoan this uniqueecosystemalsoarehometoawidevarietyofplants,fishandwildlifethat of freshandseawater)wetlandinthewesternUnitedStates.Thelandswaters of theSuisunMarsh.TheMarshislargestcontiguousbrackish(amixture parts ofFairfield,Benicia,unincorporatedSolanoCounty,andmuch west, SR-12inthenorth,andMontezumaSlougheast.ThisincludesSuisunCity, This OLUencompassesthecentralsectionofsouthernSolanoCountyfromI-680in Where areweintheregion? cultivated crops,andgrazing. Other landuseswithintheOLUincludehigh,medium,andlowintensitydevelopment, Most ofthelandinOLUaremanagedwetlandsthatsupportduckhuntingactivities. Trust), PeytoniaSloughEcologicalReserve(CDFW),andHillWildlifeArea(CDFW). Area (CaliforniaDepartmentofFishandWildlife),RushRanchOpenSpace(SolanoLand of theSanFranciscoBayNationalEstuarineResearchReserve,GrizzlyIslandWildlife This OLUalsoincludeslargeswathsofwetlandsurroundingGrizzlyBayincludingparts

D-3•ADAPTING TO RISING TIDES: BAY AREA

Approximate area of the suisun Slough OLU. OLU. Slough suisun the of area Approximate 1

LOCAL ASSESSMENT OLU: SUISUN SLOUGH LOCAL ASSESSMENT OLU: SUISUN SLOUGH Suisun City/SouthFairfield FOCUS AREAA: D -4•ADAPTING TO RISING TIDES: BAY AREA

I-680 atOakridgeLane AREA OFIMPACTB: Island Road Suisun MarshandGrizzly AREA OFIMPACTC: ART BayArea ColorPalette ground color withwhite text) components andasback- interface graphical objects (Passes accessibility for Option #1 Color Report ART Could beanotheroptionfor seeinghow VC hashlayer displays. (Option #1ismy favorite butourteam also likedthepinktoo. Option #2 Color Report ART ART PotentialART Design Elements/ orPotential Accent Colors ART websiteART colors ART BayArea ColorPalette ground color withwhite text) components andasback- interface graphical objects (Passes accessibility for Option #1 Color Report ART Could beanotheroption for seeinghow VC hashlayer displays. (Option #1ismy favorite butourteam alsolikedthepinktoo. Option #2 Color Report ART ART PotentialART Design Elements/ orPotential Accent Colors ART BayArea ColorPalette TRANSPORTATI be foundonthelabelsmap(Figure1d). this localvulnerabilityassessmentarelistedinthebulletsbelowandcanalso these fourregionalsystems.Individualassetsthatwereassessedaspartof present. Colorsareusedthroughoutthisdocumenttohelpnavigateacross The maponpage4showstheentireOLU,includingallregionalsystems (Methodology canbefoundinSection3.0LocalAssessments). help identifyregionallysignificantassetsthatwereco-locatedtogether Operational LandscapeUnit(OLU)boundarieswereusedtoorganizeand What regionalsystemsarehere? ground color withwhite text) components andasback- interface graphical objects (Passes accessibility for Option #1 Color Report ART LocalRoads • GrizzlyIslandRoad • • • SR-12 • I-680 • Could beanotheroptionfor seeinghow VC hashlayer displays. (Option #1ismy favorite butourteam also likedthepinktoo. Option #2 Color Report ART Corridor Amtrak/Capital Railroad Union Pacific ART PotentialART Design Elements/ orPotential Accent Colors INDIVIDUAL ASSETSASSESSEDWITHINBELOW: Figure 1d.MAPOFREGIONALSYSTEMSANDLIST ART websiteART colors 767779 12247A374 21A2B2 71759A D75627 Flood mapcolors PDA R South PCA Trail SF Bay PCA Trail SF Water ART BayArea ColorPalette ichmond ground color withwhite text) components andasback- interface graphical objects (Passes accessibility for Option #1 Color Report ART 2 2” 6 48” 36” 24” 12” Could beanotheroptionfor seeinghow VC hashlayer displays. (Option #1ismy favorite butourteam also likedthepinktoo. Option #2 Color Report ART ON ART websiteART colors ART PotentialART Design Elements/ orPotential Accent Colors COMMUNITIES VULNERABLE 767779 12247A374 21A2B2 71759A D75627 • Flood mapcolors City Community Fairfield &Suisun Richm Railroad TOTAL WATER LEVEL(inches) PDA R South PCA Trail SF Bay PCA Trail SF Water ichmond ond D-5•ADAPTING TO RISING TIDES: BAY AREA 2 2” 6 48” 36” 24” 12” ART Bay AreaART Banner ART websiteART colors Richm Port of Union Railroad Roads Local I-80 I-580 Richmond ond 767779 12247A374 21A2B2 71759A D75627 Flood mapcolors PCA Trail Gaps Regional Richm Railroad 2 66” 52” TOTAL WATER LEVEL(inches) PDA R South PCA Trail SF Bay PCA Trail SF Water ond ichmond 2 2” 6 48” 36” 24” 12” ART Bay AreaART Banner Richm Port of Union Railroad Roads Local I-80 I-580 Richmond Railroad Santa Fe Northern Burlington- AREAS (PDAs) DEVELOPMENT PRIORITY ond • PDA Jefferson Street Downtown South PCA Trail Gaps Regional 2 66” 52” 767779 12247A374 21A2B2 71759A D75627 Flood mapcolors 77” Richm Railroad Railroad Santa Fe Northern Burlington- TOTAL WATER LEVEL(inches) PDA R South PCA Trail SF Bay PCA Trail SF Water ond ichmond 2 2” 6 48” 36” 24” 12” ART Bay AreaART Banner Richm Port of Union Railroad Roads Local I-80 I-580 Richmond 77” ond PCA Trail Gaps Regional 2 66” 52” Richm Railroad AREAS (PCAs) CONSERVATION PRIORITY • TOTAL WATER LEVEL(inches) ond Railroad Santa Fe Northern Burlington- Water TrailPCA San FranciscoBay ART Bay AreaART Banner Richm Port of Union Railroad Roads Local I-80 I-580 Richmond ond 77” PCA Trail Gaps Regional 2 66” 52” Railroad Santa Fe Northern Burlington- 77”

I-680 • Interstate 680 is a four-lane, north-south highway in the North Bay and East Bay that serves a critical transit connection between southwest Solano County (Fairfield) south through Contra Costa and Alameda Counties inland through the hills and valleys of the California Coast Ranges. I-680 averages 74,500 vehicles2 and 3,927 trucks3 per day. Within this OLU, it is exposed at 36” TWL near Oakridge Lane in Benicia, at which point it is significantly flooded and transit connectivity is

TRANSPORTATION impacted.

SR-12 • State Route 12 is a four-lane state highway that travels in an east–west direction from Sonoma to Solano counties. Within this OLU, it travels from I-80 through Suisun City and Fairfield before heading towards the Central Valley. It averages 25,500 vehicles4 and 2,464 trucks5 per day. It is a lifeline route, meaning it has been predefined as an emergency route necessary for disaster planning and OLU: SUISUN SLOUGH OLU: economic recovery.6 Flooding on east bound lanes east of Suisun city begins at 52” TWL, and both lanes are flooded at 66” TWL.

LOCAL ASSESSMENT LOCAL

D - 6 • ADAPTING TO RISING TIDES: BAY AREA Union Pacific Railroad • The Union Pacific Railroad (UPRR) is an important heavy freight rail supporting the reliable movement of goods to markets across the Bay Area. The rail connects many Bay Area ports and connects to areas outside the region. Within this OLU, the UPRR runs southwest between Fairfield and Suisun City and down into Suisun Marsh, connecting the Bay Area ports to Sacramento and the Central Valley. In this OLU, it shares passenger rights with Capitol Corridor/Amtrak. It is first exposed at 36” TWL, with significant flooding impacts at 66” TWL.

Amtrak/Capital Corridor • Amtrak/Capital Corridor routes retain passenger rail rights on UPRR owned right-of-way in this OLU, connecting San Francisco to Sacramento and providing transit connections to transit services in Suisun City and Fairfield and Fairfield and Suisun Transit (FAST) routes. The parking lot is impacted at 24” TWL, access to the station itself is impacted at 36” TWL, and significant flooding impacts occur to the rail itself at 66” TWL.

Grizzly Island Road • Grizzly Island Road is a two-lane road that serves as the main access road to Suisun Marsh and provides access to the marsh for the management agencies and recreational users. It is first, and significantly, exposed at 12” TWL.

Local Roads • Cordelia and Main Street serve as main arterials through Suisun City and are exposed early. Cordelia is exposed at 24” TWL and Main Street is exposed at 36” TWL. TRANSPORTATION OLU: SUISUN SLOUGH OLU: LOCAL ASSESSMENT LOCAL

D - 7 • ADAPTING TO RISING TIDES: BAY AREA LOCAL ASSESSMENT OLU: SUISUN SLOUGH VULNERABLE COMMUNITIES Fairfield &SuisunCity• commerce andtransportation. California GoldRushasagatewaybetweenthe foothillsandtheBayAreafor coast ofNorthAmerica.Itwasestablishedinthe 1850saroundthetimeof to SuisunMarsh,thelargestcontiguousestuarine marshremainingonthewest Suisun Cityisinthesouth-centralareaofSolano county,isimmediatelyadjacent planning process. very differentneeds,considerations,andcapacitiesthatarecriticaltobringintothe groups orcommunitieswithasimilarvulnerabilityrankcouldandlikelywillhave be ground-truthedandvettedwiththecommunitiesconsidered.Similarly,block a startingpoint.Beforethisisusedforanyplanningpurposes,datashould and insomecasesstakeholdercommunityvetting.Thisshouldbeconsidered some historyandcontextfortheseareas,primarilygatheredviadesktopresearch, vulnerability rankingwithintheFairfieldandSuisunCityarea.Wehaveprovided designation forasetofblockgroupsthathavemoderate,high,orhighestsocial groups thatwereassessedcanbereferencedintheappendix.Thisisaplaceholder were assignedtoafunctionalcommunitycalled“Fairfield&SuisunCity.”Theblock Suisun Citytothenorth. ItisthecountyseatofSolanoCounty,home toTravis Fairfield isinthesouth-central areaofSolanoCounty,immediately adjacent to County. as thesuburbanringofSanFranciscoBay expandedintoformerlyruralSolano 8 Theareaincludeshousing, commercial,andindustrialuses. D -8•ADAPTING TO RISING TIDES: BAY AREA

7 For thepurposesofthisreport,10blockgroups Itexperiencedrapidgrowthinthe1960sand 1970s VULNERABLE COMMUNITIES

Map data © 2019 by Google. by 2019 © data Map City. Suisun and Fairfield the region. are withinthe70th percentile in within the90thpercentile and2 considered, 10characteristics are Characteristics: Inblockgroups Figure 2d�SocialVulnerability 70th percentile 90th percentile SUISUN CITY PERCENTILES INFAIRFIELD& SOCIAL VULNERABILITY commercial, recreational,andconstructionsectors. economy, withgovernment,manufacturing,healthcare,retail,professionaland Air ForceBase,anddirectlynorthoftheSuisunMarsh.Fairfieldhasadiversified 2d). 90th percentile,withtwocharacteristicsinthe70thpercentileregion(Figure social vulnerabilitycharacteristicsareexhibitedinatleastoneblockgroupthe Ten blockgroupsareconsideredmoderate,high,orhighestsocialvulnerability. I-680, theFairfieldTransportationCenter,Amtrak,andFASTbusservice. Data Source: ART BayAreaRegionalCommunityVulnerability Indicators, BCDC(2018). *In blockgroups considered, thisranking occurred mostfrequently. RANK: SOCIAL VULNERABILITY Highest High * Moderate Low D-9•ADAPTING TO RISING TIDES: BAY AREA DISPLACEMENT RISK: GENTRIFICATION AND 10 It isconnectedthroughI-80, 65 andover livingalone Single parent households Renters Severely housingcostburdened Under 5 Without ahighschooldegree Limited Englishproficiency Communities ofColor People withdisability Without avehicle Not U�S�citizens Low Income and/or Displacement Ongoing Gentrification and/or Displacement At RiskofGentrification Low IncomeHouseholds* Low Income-NotLosing Ongoing Exclusion

LOCAL ASSESSMENT OLU: SUISUN SLOUGH VULNERABLE COMMUNITIES LOCAL ASSESSMENT OLU: SUISUN SLOUGH VULNERABLE COMMUNITIES in theregion. and noneare inthe 70thpercentile the 90thpercentile intheregion contamination burdens are within In blockgroups considered, 3 Figure 3d�ContaminationBurden: 70th percentile 90th percentile SUISUN CITY PERCENTILES INFAIRFIELD& CONTAMINATION BURDEN the 90thpercentile(Figure3d). The followingcontaminationburdenisexhibitedinatleastoneblockgroup as sociallyvulnerable. short, weonlylookatareasthathavecontaminationburdeniftheyarealsoranked ALSO inthedesignatedfunctionalcommunitygroupingthatwerenotconsidered.In score inthemoderate,high,orhighestforcontaminationburdenthatwerenot functional communitygroupings.Thismeansthattherecouldbeblockgroups Contamination burdenwasassessedonlyfortheblockgroupsincludedin In thissection,socialvulnerabilitywasusedasthestartingplaceforanalysis. absence ofadaptationplanning. reflect potentialriskstocriticalfacilitiesinthe with futuresealevelrise.Valuesinthetable and/or permanentfloodingthatmayoccur represent variouscombinationsoftemporary Total waterlevels(TWLs)areusedto (Table 1d). assessed criticalfacilitiesbeginsat24”TWL be impactedbyflooding.Firstexposureof cohesion, andemergencyservices,willalso Critical servicesandfacilitiesthatprovideeducation,healthcare,community Suisun Cityarefirstimpactedat12”TWL. Residential areasinFairfieldarefirstimpactedat66”TWL.of with thoseinthe90 D -10•ADAPTING TO RISING TIDES: BAY AREA th percentilebolded.

Threecharacteristicsareabovethe90

BURDEN RANK: CONTAMINATION Indicators, BCDC(2018). Regional CommunityVulnerability Data Source: ART BayArea N/A Solid wastefacilities Impaired waterbodies Groundwater threats ranking occured mostfrequently. *In blockgroups considered, this Highest High Moderate Low * th percentile, first exposed to flooding. Table andFacilities: 1d�CriticalServices andfacilities.Bluebarsrepresent Firstexposure ofcriticalservices whenassetis EXPOSURE OFCRITICALSERVICESANDFACILITIESINFAIRFIELD&SUISUNCITY Fire Stations Police and Schools Faith Suisun Fire Protection DistrictStation(Jackson Sem Yeto HighSchool(EAtlantic Ave, Fairfield) City of Suisun Police Department (CivicCenter City ofSuisunPolice Department Cordelia Fire Protection District(Cordelia Rd, Crystal Middle School (Whispering Bay Lane, MiddleSchool(Whispering Crystal Critical Facilities/Services Impacted Armijo HighSchool/824Washington Street Crescent Elementary School(AndersonDr,Crescent Elementary Berean BaptistChurch (Broadway Street, Mount Calvary Baptist Church—SuisunMount Calvary (Whispering Bay Lane,SuisunCity) (Whispering Street, SuisunCity) D-11•ADAPTING TO RISING TIDES: BAY AREA Blvd, SuisunCity) Suisun City) Suisun City) Fairfield) Fairfield) 2 4 6 8 2 6 7 4 6 108″ 96″ 84″ 77″ 66″ 52″ 48″ 36″ 24″ 12″

LOCAL ASSESSMENT OLU: SUISUN SLOUGH VULNERABLE COMMUNITIES ART Bay Area Color Palette

ART website colors Flood map colors ART Bay Area Banner

ART Report Color Option #1

(Passes accessibility for D75627 71759A 21A2B2 47A374 graphical objects interface components and as back- ground color with white text) PRIORITY DEVELOPMENT AREAS (PDAS) Downtown South Jefferson Street PDA.

Richmond

I-580

I-80

SF Water Trail Local PCA Roads SF Bay Union Trail PCA Railroad

Burlington-

12” 24” 36” 48” 52” 66” 77” TOTAL WATER LEVEL (inches)

ART Report Color Option #2

(Option #1 is my favorite but our team also liked the pink too. Could be another option for seeing how VC hash layer displays.

ART Potential Design Elements/ or Potential Accent Colors Downtown South Jefferson Street PDA • The Downtown South Jefferson Street PDA a Suburban Center located within downtown Fairfield, located between Pennsylvania Avenue to the west to Union Avenue to the east, and SR-12 to the south to Texas Street to the north. The PDA includes or is immediately adjacent to a wide variety of transit opportunities including I-80, SR-12, Amtrak’s Capitol Corridor line (the Fairfield-Suisun Train Station is located just south of the PDA), and several Fairfield-Suisun Transit System (FAST) lines, including connection to BART. PRIORITY DEVELOPMENT AREA DEVELOPMENT PRIORITY

Currently, the PDA consists primarily of older, single-family homes and small apartment buildings, but a “service commercial” strip exists along Union Avenue. A large PG&E substation also exists in the area. The vision for downtown this PDA is to expand commercial use to create a social, entertainment, and employment hub through a mixture of shopping, restaurants, entertainment, and cultural uses supported by higher density residential and office uses.11 OLU: SUISUN SLOUGH OLU: Critical facilities that provide emergency services and utilities may be impacted by flooding. Several blocks of the PDA are first exposed at 66” TWL, with extensive inundation occurring by 108” TWL (Table 2d). LOCAL ASSESSMENT LOCAL

D - 12 • ADAPTING TO RISING TIDES: BAY AREA CURRENT AND FUTURE HOUSING AND JOBS IN THE DOWNTOWN SOUTH JEFFERSON STREET PDA

Residential Job Housing Units Spaces

Existing in 2010: 589 Existing in 2010: 3,842 Projections for 2040: 1,235 Projections for 2040: 4,394 Percent Growth: 110% Percent Growth: 15%

Data Source: Plan Bay Area 2040, MTC/ABAG (2017).

EXPOSURE OF CRITICAL FACILITIES IN THE DOWNTOWN SOUTH JEFFERSON STREET PDA

Critical Facilities/Services Impacted 12″ 24″ 36″ 48″ 52″ 66″ 77″ 84″ 96″ 108″ Police and Suisun Fire Protection District Station Fire Stations (Jackson Street, Suisun City)

Solano County Cogeneration Plant (Delaware Street, Fairfield) AREA DEVELOPMENT PRIORITY

PG&E Substation (Ohio Street and Jefferson Street, Suisun City) Utilities Natural Gas Pipelines (Throughout)

Solano Cogen Natural Gas Station OLU: SUISUN SLOUGH OLU: Table 2d� Critical Services and Facilities: First exposure of critical services and facilities. “M” refers to minor impacts or impacts to access roads. Blue bars represent when asset is first exposed to flooding. LOCAL ASSESSMENT LOCAL

San Francisco Bay Water Trail PCA PCA DESIGNATION: • The The San Francisco Bay Area Water Trail is a network of launching and landings sites for non-motorized watercrafts (e.g. Natural Landscapes kayaks, stand-up paddleboards, wind and Agricultural Lands kite surf, etc.) around the San Francisco Urban Greening Bay and its major tributaries, including

PRIORITY CONSERVATION AREA CONSERVATION PRIORITY the San Joaquin River, Napa River, and Regional Recreation Petaluma River.12 Within this OLU, there are two Water Trail Designated Trailheads located in Downtown Suisun City13 and the Suisun City Marina.14 The trailheads are FUNCTIONS/BENEFITS: first exposed at 24” TWL, with significant access impacts at 36” TWL. • Recreation OLU: SUISUN SLOUGH OLU: • Economic Development • Wildlife Habitat

Data Source: MTC/ABAG Priority Conservation Areas Program (2017). LOCAL ASSESSMENT LOCAL

D - 14 • ADAPTING TO RISING TIDES: BAY AREA OTHER IMPORTANTNATURALASSETS Suisun Marsh• including severalrareandendangeredspecies. communities. Theseprovidehabitatsforavariety offishandwildlife, of itssizeandestuarinelocation,supportsadiversity ofplant wintering habitatforwaterfowlofthePacific Flyway and,because nationwide importance.Itplaysanimportant role inproviding remaining wetlandarea.TheMarshisalsoawildlife habitatof San FranciscoBayandincludesmorethanten percentofCalifornia’s southern SolanoCounty.Itisthelargestremaining wetlandaround 85,000 acresoftidalmarsh,managedwetlands, andwaterwaysin The SuisunMarshcomprisesapproximately D -15•ADAPTING TO RISING TIDES: BAY AREA 15 Suisun Marsh.Photo by BCDC.

LOCAL ASSESSMENT OLU: SUISUN SLOUGH PRIORITY CONSERVATION AREA LOCAL ASSESSMENT OLU: SUISUN SLOUGH FOCUS AREA A: SUISUN CITY/SOUTH FAIRFIELD systems� Individualassetsassessed inthisFocus Area are labeled onthemapandlistedfollowingpage. Figure 4d. Top: Identificationof where Focus Area iswithinOLU. Bottom: Mapof Focus Area containing regional Suisun CityandSouthFairfield Focus Area A: approximately 4squaremiles(Figure4d). Downtown SuisunCityandsectionsofSouthernFairfield.Itis 12 andtheUnionPacificRailroad(UPRR)tracks,including This FocusAreaiscenteredaroundtheintersectionofSR- Location D -16•ADAPTING TO RISING TIDES: BAY AREA

ART BayArea ColorPalette ground color withwhite text) components andasback- interface graphical objects (Passes accessibility for Option #1 Color Report ART Could be another option for seeing how VC hash layer displays. (Option #1is my favorite but ourteam alsoliked thepinktoo. Option #2 Color Report ART ART PotentialART Design Elements/ or Potential Accent Colors ART websiteART colors ART BayArea ColorPalette ground color withwhite text) components andasback- interface graphical objects (Passes accessibility for Option #1 Color Report ART Could be anotheroptionfor seeinghow VC hashlayer displays. (Option #1ismy favorite butourteam alsoliked thepinktoo. Option #2 Color Report ART ART PotentialART Design Elements/ orPotential Accent Colors ART BayArea ColorPalette TRANSPORTATION coordination. consequences istoencouragemulti-benefitsolutionsthroughcollaborationsand flooding aswaterlevelsrise.Thegoalofcommunicatingsharedvulnerabilitiesand discussed togetherinsharedstoriesoftheshoreline,overtopping,andexposureto in thisarea,thevulnerabilitiesofthesesystemstofloodingandsealevelriseare Suisun Marsh.Duetooverlapanddependenciesamongtheseregionalsystems Priority ConservationArea,theSuisunCityandFairfieldcommunities, including numeroustransportationroutes,aPriorityDevelopmentArea, This FocusAreawasselectedbecauseitcontainsavarietyofregionalsystems, Why sharedstoriesofvulnerability? ground color withwhite text) components andasback- interface graphical objects (Passes accessibility for Option #1 Color Report ART LocalRoads • • • SR-12 • Option #2 Color Report ART Could beanother option for seeing how VC hash layer displays. (Option #1is my favorite but ourteam alsoliked thepinktoo. Railroad Union Pacific Corridor Amtrak/Capital ART PotentialART Design Elements/ or Potential Accent Colors ASSETS ASSESSEDWITHINTHISFOCUSAREALISTEDBELOW: Figure 4d.MAPOFREGIONALSYSTEMSANDLISTINDIVIDUAL ART websiteART colors 767779 12247A374 21A2B2 71759A D75627 Flood mapcolors ART BayArea ColorPalette PDA R South PCA Trail SF Bay PCA Trail SF Water ichmond ground color withwhite text) components andasback- interface graphical objects (Passes accessibility for Option #1 Color Report ART 2 2” 6 48” 36” 24” 12” Could beanother option for seeing how VC hash layer displays. (Option #1is my favorite but ourteam alsoliked thepinktoo. Option #2 Color Report ART ART websiteART colors ART PotentialART Design Elements/ or Potential Accent Colors COMMUNITIES VULNERABLE 767779 12247A374 21A2B2 71759A D75627 • Flood mapcolors Community Suisun City Fairfield & Richm Railroad TOTAL WATER LEVEL(inches) PCA Trail SF Bay PDA R South PCA Trail SF Water D-17•ADAPTING TO RISING TIDES: BAY AREA ichmond ond 2 2” 6 48” 36” 24” 12” ART Bay AreaART Banner ART websiteART colors Richm Port of Union Railroad Roads Local I-80 I-580 Richmond ond 767779 12247A374 21A2B2 71759A D75627 Flood mapcolors PCA Trail Gaps Regional Richm Railroad 2 66” 52” TOTAL WATER LEVEL(inches) PDA R South PCA Trail SF Bay PCA Trail SF Water ond ichmond 2 2” 6 48” 36” 24” 12” ART Bay AreaART Banner Richm Port of Union Railroad Roads Local I-80 I-580 Richmond Railroad Santa Fe Northern Burlington- AREAS (PDAs) DEVELOPMENT PRIORITY ond • Street PDA South Jefferson Downtown PCA Trail Gaps Regional 2 66” 52” 767779 12247A374 21A2B2 71759A D75627 Flood mapcolors 77” Richm Railroad Railroad Santa Fe Northern Burlington- PDA R South PCA Trail SF Bay TOTAL WATER LEVEL(inches) PCA Trail SF Water ichmond ond 2 2” 6 48” 36” 24” 12” ART Bay AreaART Banner Richm Port of Union Railroad Roads Local I-80 I-580 Richmond 77” ond PCA Trail Gaps Regional SR-12 corridor. 2 66” 52” Richm Railroad AREAS (PCAs) CONSERVATION PRIORITY TOTAL WATER LEVEL(inches) SanFrancisco • ond Railroad Santa Fe Northern Burlington- PCA Bay WaterTrail ART Bay AreaART Banner Richm Port of Union Railroad Roads Local I-80 I-580 Richmond Map data©2019by Google. ond 77” PCA Trail Gaps Regional 2 66” 52” Railroad Santa Fe Northern Burlington- 77”

LOCAL ASSESSMENT OLU: SUISUN SLOUGH FOCUS AREA A: SUISUN CITY/SOUTH FAIRFIELD LOCAL ASSESSMENT OLU: SUISUN SLOUGH FOCUS AREA A: SUISUN CITY/SOUTH FAIRFIELD Shoreline todayandintothefuture DEVELOPMENT TYPE STORY SHORELINE SHORELINE embankments. protection, includingberms,transportationinfrastructure,wetlands,and The shorelineinthisFocusAreaischaracterizedbymixedformsof • • • The majorpotentialshorelinechangesinclude: been permittedbyBCDCorhaveongoingpermitapplicationsinprogress. surrounding theSuisunMarsh.Thereareanumbersactivitiesthathaverecently This areaisactivelyundergoingrestorationanddevelopmentactivities,particularly STORY Levee MaintenanceandRepair Suisun MarshPublicAccessStudy(Active) Wing’s LandingRestorationProject( What istheshorelinemadeupofnow? 16 future? How willtheshorelinechangein D -18•ADAPTING TO RISING TIDES: BAY AREA (Planned) Planned)

D-19•ADAPTING TO RISING TIDES: BAY AREA

LOCAL ASSESSMENT OLU: SUISUN SLOUGH FOCUS AREA A: SUISUN CITY/SOUTH FAIRFIELD LOCAL ASSESSMENT OLU: SUISUN SLOUGH FOCUS AREA A: SUISUN CITY/SOUTH FAIRFIELD Current andfuturefloodingrisk OVERTOPPING FLOODING EXPOSURE Downtown SouthJefferson StreetPDAinSouthFairfieldisflooded. Amtrak stationiscutoffandbothrail areflooded.Alsoat66”TWL,the flood at52”TWL,withbothlanesflooded 66”TWL.AtTWL,allaccesstothe Creek onSR-12areflooded.Eastboundlanes ofSR-12eastSuisunCitybeginto arterials formovingin,out,andaroundSuisun City.At52”TWL,lanesnearLaurel at 36”TWL,localroadsCordeliaandMainStreet areexposedwhichserveasmajor flooded at24”TWL.At36”TWL,theAmtrakstation itselfbeginstobeflooded.Also City Departments.TheparkinglotoftheSuisun City/FairfieldAmtrakstationisalso Crystal MiddleSchool,andaccesstotheSuisun CityPoliceDepartmentandother II Apartmentswhichcontains105lowincomeunits.MountCalvaryBaptistChurch, Slough. Also,at24”TWL,manycriticalamenitiesareexposedincludingtheVillage highest socialvulnerabilityinareasimmediatelywestandeastofthenorthernSuisun 75% ofthosehouseholdsexposedareinareasdesignatedasmoderate,high,or the SloughandFairfieldareovertopped. Fairfield areais66”TWL,whentransportationstructuresandembankmentsbetween shoreline ofSuisunSloughisovertopped.Thethresholdforovertoppingintothe and attheintersectionofSolanoStreetSuisunSlough.At48”TWL,entire overtopped, inadditiontoembankmentsatthenortheastcornerofSuisunSlough when theembankmentsimmediatelywestofsouthernendKelloggStreetare overtopped. ThethresholdforovertoppingintheDowntownSuisunCityis36”TWL, immediately westofWhisperingBayLaneandeastHarborParkDriveare STORY STORY D -20•ADAPTING TO RISING TIDES: BAY AREA Where iswatercomingovertheshoreline? Water Trailsitesarefloodedaswell700households.Nearly main accessroadtoSuisunMarsh(Figure6d).At24”TWL,both At 12”TWL,GrizzlyIslandRoadisfloodedwhichservesasthe area is24”TWL,whenthewetland/channelembankments 5d). ThethresholdforsubstantialfloodingintheSuisunCity Catamaran WayandwestofCivicCenterBlvdat12”TWL(Figure Much oftheearlyovertoppingoccursviawetlandssouth Where doesfloodingoccur?

(explorer.adaptingtorisingtides.org) to seemore TWLs. and/or significantfloodingthresholds. VisittheBay Shoreline FloodExplorer Figure 5d. Two total waterlevels selectedthatdemonstrate first overtopping OVERTOPPING ANDFLOODING are shownandcolored barsrepresent wheneachassetisfirstexposed to floodingimpacts. Figure 6d�Firstexposure ofregional systems�Individualassetswithinthe fourregional systems in thisarea FIRST FLOODINGOFREGIONALSYSTEMSASSESSED Downtown SouthJefferson StPDA San Francisco Bay Water Trail PCA Regional SystemsImpacted Amtrak/Capital CorridorAccess Amtrak/Capital CorridorRail Suisun CityCommunity 24” TWL Fairfield Community Grizzly IslandRoad Local Roads SR-12 UPRR D-21•ADAPTING TO RISING TIDES: BAY AREA 2 4 6 8 2 6 7 4 6 108″ 96″ 84″ 77″ 66″ 52″ 48″ 36″ 24″ 12″ 66” TWL Deeper depthofflooding Shallower depthofflooding Overtopping No overtopping

LOCAL ASSESSMENT OLU: SUISUN SLOUGH FOCUS AREA A: SUISUN CITY/SOUTH FAIRFIELD LOCAL ASSESSMENT OLU: SUISUN SLOUGH FOCUS AREA A: SUISUN CITY/SOUTH FAIRFIELD Shared vulnerabilitiestoflooding VULNERABILITY STORIES SHARED in lostemployeewages andreducedoutputprofit. disrupt criticalsupplychains thatemploymentsitesrelyon,resulting their jobs.Floodingthat disruptsthetransportationsystemcouldalso regional transportationsystemcouldimpacttheir abilitytoreach commute toemploymentsites,andvulnerabilities inthelocaland Workers fromtheSuisunCityandFairfieldvulnerable communities Slough shorelineandvulnerabletoflooding at earlywaterlevels. significant employmentopportunitiesareclustered alongtheSuisun respond tofloodevents.Jobcentersandhousing thatprovidelocally people withdisabilities,whichreducestheirability toprepareforand Suisun Cityhasahighpercentageoflow-income citizens,rentersand critical assetstothecommunitymembersinSuisun CityandFairfield. vulnerable tofloodingifSuisunSloughfloodslocalroadsandother The functionofresidentialhomesandemploymentcentersis 2. VulnerableCommunity,Housing,andJobsNode vulnerabilities ofthestation. which inturnpresentsachallengetosufficientlyunderstanding and well-coordinatedinformationaboutthestation’scomponents, and operationsofthestationhasledtoalackaccessible,detailed for goodsmovement.Acomplexarrangementofsharedownership is alsovulnerabletosealevelriseandservesasacriticalcorridor line elsewherearedamagedordisrupted.TheUPRRownedrail infrastructure thatarebelowgrade,andvulnerablepartsoftherail impacts ifthestation(building)andparkinglot,supportingutilities the BayAreaandCentralValleyisvulnerabletosealevelrise passenger railstopontheinter-regionalconnectionbetween The functionoftheSuisunCity/FairfieldAmtrakStationasa 1. Regional TransportationandGoodsMovement

shared multi-benefitsadaptationsolutions. interconnections amongandacrosslocalsystems,encourage shared storiesofvulnerability.Ourgoalistoemphasizethe within eachfocusarea.Thevulnerabilitystatementsbelowreflect then sharedvulnerabilitieswereidentifiedforregionalsystems Vulnerability assessmentswereconductedonindividualassetsand D -22•ADAPTING TO RISING TIDES: BAY AREA

D-23•ADAPTING TO RISING TIDES: BAY AREA Amtrak atSuisunCitystation.Photo JackSnellislicensedunderCCBY-ND by 2.0

LOCAL ASSESSMENT OLU: SUISUN SLOUGH FOCUS AREA A: SUISUN CITY/SOUTH FAIRFIELD LOCAL ASSESSMENT OLU: SUISUN SLOUGH FOCUS AREA A: SUISUN CITY/SOUTH FAIRFIELD Shared consequencestoflooding CONSEQUENCE STORIES SHARED populations’ abilitytogetjobcenters. impacts totransitlinesintheareawillhavedisproportionateonthese flood protectionchanges.Manyresidentsofthisarealivewithoutavehicle,so control theshorelineandwillhavetocoordinatewithvariousownersimplement permanent inundationInbothofthesecases,individualsandhouseholdsdonot challenges intheirabilitytoadaptfloodingimpactsorre-locatetheeventof with adisability,notUScitizens,andlimitedEnglishproficiencypresentunique vehicle, singleparenthouseholds,renters,withoutahighschooldegree,people events. Thelargepercentageofresidentsthatareunder5,lowincome,withouta characteristics thatmaymakeitmoredifficulttorespondto,orplanfor,flood to haveadisproportionatelylargerimpactonthesecommunitiesastheypossess households inSuisunCityandat66”TWLfortheFairfieldcommunity,arelikely and jobcenters.Earlyimpactstothesecommunities,at24”TWLforresidential challenges withregardstofloodingofhousing,publictransit,recreationalareas, to haveamongthehighestsocialvulnerabilityinregion,presentingunique Society andEquity• D -24•ADAPTING TO RISING TIDES: BAY AREA and theEnvironment. through framesofsustainability:SocietyandEquity,theEconomy of shared consequences. The ART program considers consequences This sectiontranslatessharedvulnerabilitystatementsintostories This FocusAreaincludestwocommunitiesconsidered

residents. opportunity, willaffecttheabilityofPDAtofunctionandmeetneedsits PDA, whichisslatedforfuturehousingandincreasedeconomicgrowthjob Bay Area,Sacramento,andbeyond.FloodingoftheDowntownJeffersonStreet goods movement,transit,andabilityforworkerstogetjobcentersinthegreater Corridor andUPRRlinewillhaveeconomicimpactsduetodisruptionofregionwide Additionally, interruptionofpassengerandheavyrailservicesattheAmtrak/Capital increased vehiclemilestraveled,whichwillincreasegreenhousegasemissions. who willhavetotakelongerroutes,likelyleadingtrafficcongestionsand lack ofredundancytoSR-12alsomakestheseimpactsmoreseverecommuters connection toI-80andemploymentcentersintheBayAreaSacramento.The likely tohavemajoreconomicconsequencesastherouteservesacriticaltransit large economicconsequencesforpeopleworkinginthearea.FloodingatSR-12is access andfunctiontothesejobcentersgovernmentservicescouldhave co-located alongtheshorelineofSuisunSloughandfloodedat24”TWL.Loss School andaccesstoSuisunCityPoliceDepartmentotherDepartments Village IIlow-incomeapartments,MountCalvaryBaptistChurch,CrystalMiddle municipal buildings,aUSSocialSecurityoffice,SuisunCityBuildingDepartment, may comefromdisruptionstotheSuisunCitycommunity,WaterTrailsites, Environment • Economy • with implementingadaptation. poses informationalsharingandcoordination vulnerabilitiesthatposeachallenge to residentsnearbyandacrosstheregion.The complexmanagementofthisarea retreat inland.Lossofwetlandsleadstoloss theecosystemservicestheyprovide among others,arelikelytobelostwithoutspace forthewetlandstomigrateor recreation, floodprotection,waveheightreduction, andstormwaterretention, tidal marshes,aswelltheecosystemservices theyprovideincludinghabitat, communities inlandfromstormsandhightide events.Aswaterlevelsrise, intact wetlandsandtidalmarshecosystemsintheregionservestoprotect ThefirstmajoreconomicimpactsfromfloodinginthisFocusArea The SuisunMarshishometosomeofthelastremaining D-25•ADAPTING TO RISING TIDES: BAY AREA

LOCAL ASSESSMENT OLU: SUISUN SLOUGH FOCUS AREA A: SUISUN CITY/SOUTH FAIRFIELD LOCAL ASSESSMENT OLU: SUISUN SLOUGH FOCUS AREA A: SUISUN CITY/SOUTH FAIRFIELD Advancing adaptationsolutions Regional HotSpotat24” TWL the highestconsequencesof floodingintheregion. this Focus Area containsclustersofassets thathave among Figure 7d FITTING INTO Vulnerable Community Transportation Infrastructure Regional HotSpot REGIONAL . SuisunCityHotSpot: given waterlevel. either aPDAorPCA,and3)thepresenceofvulnerablecommunityblockgroupatany the topfivehighestconsequencesinregionfor1)anytransportationassetand2) around theregion,called“RegionalHotSpots.”Theseareasincludeplacesthatcontain The regionalscaleanalysisofARTBayAreaidentifiedclustershighestconsequences STORY From 24” toTWL 66” TWL, D -26•ADAPTING TO RISING TIDES: BAY AREA Hot Spots? How arelocalareascontributingtoRegional PCA PDA adaptation responsesfor regionalissues. Chapter 4RegionalAdaptationprovides vulnerability andcontamination. Fairfield passengerrailstation,andsocial growth, andjobunitsgrowth),theSuisun- 2040 residentialunits,units Downtown &WaterfrontPDA(2010and The SuisunCityclusterisdrivenbythe 7d). 24” TWL,butfallsoffathigherTWLs(Figure It becomesaRegionalHotSpotstartingat of floodingintheregion. that haveamongthehighestconsequences Spot, meaningitcontainsaclusterofassets The SuisunCityFocusAreaisaRegionalHot in Chapter2.1RegionalHotSpots. used foreachregionalsystemcanbefound event offlooding.Afulllistconsequences consequence toquantifyimpactsinthe regional systemtoprovideameasureof Datasets wereidentifiedforeach

Advancing adaptationsolutions D-27•ADAPTING TO RISING TIDES: BAY AREA Suisun City. Photo by Sharon HahnDarlinislicensedunderCCBY 2.0 .

LOCAL ASSESSMENT OLU: SUISUN SLOUGH FOCUS AREA A: SUISUN CITY/SOUTH FAIRFIELD LOCAL ASSESSMENT OLU: SUISUN SLOUGH IMPACT AREA B: I-680 AT OAKRIDGE systems� Individualassetsassessed inthisArea ofImpact are labeledonthemapandlisted thefollowingpage. Figure 11d. Top: Identification of where Area of Impact is within OLU. Bottom: Map of Area of Impact containing regional I-680 atOakridgeLane Area ofImpactB: (Figure 11d). Suisun SloughOLU,alongI-680atOakridgeLaneinBenicia This AreaofImpactisinthesouthwesternportion Location D -28•ADAPTING TO RISING TIDES: BAY AREA

Flood mapcolors N/A Richm Railroad TOTAL WATER LEVEL(inches) PDA R South PCA Trail SF Bay PCA Trail SF Water D -29•ADAPTING TO RISING TIDES: BAY AREA ond ichmond 2 2” 6 48” 36” 24” 12” ART Bay AreaART Banner ART websiteART colors Richm Port of Union Railroad Roads Local I-80 I-580 Richmond ond 767779 12247A374 21A2B2 71759A D75627 Flood mapcolors PCA Trail Gaps Regional Richm Railroad 2 66” 52” TOTAL WATER LEVEL(inches) PDA R South PCA Trail SF Bay PCA Trail SF Water ond ichmond 2 2” 6 48” 36” 24” 12” ART Bay AreaART Banner Richm Port of Union Railroad Roads Local I-80 I-580 Richmond Railroad Santa Fe Northern Burlington- AREAS (PDAs) DEVELOPMENT PRIORITY ond •

N/A PCA Trail Gaps Regional 2 66” 52” 767779 12247A374 21A2B2 71759A D75627 Flood mapcolors 77” Richm Railroad Railroad Santa Fe Northern Burlington- PDA R South PCA Trail SF Bay TOTAL WATER LEVEL(inches) PCA Trail SF Water ichmond ond 2 2” 6 48” 36” 24” 12” ART Bay AreaART Banner Richm Port of Union Railroad Roads Local I-80 I-580 Richmond 77” ond PCA Trail Gaps Regional 2 66” 52” Richm Railroad AREAS (PCAs) CONSERVATION PRIORITY TOTAL WATER LEVEL(inches) • ond

Railroad Santa Fe Northern Burlington- N/A ART Bay AreaART Banner Richm Port of Union Railroad Roads Local I-80 I-580 Richmond I-680. ond 77” Map data©2019by Google. PCA Trail Gaps Regional 2 66” 52” Railroad Santa Fe Northern Burlington- 77”

LOCAL ASSESSMENT OLU: SUISUN SLOUGH IMPACT AREA B: I-680 AT OAKRIDGE LOCAL ASSESSMENT OLU: SUISUN SLOUGH IMPACT AREA B: I-680 AT OAKRIDGE Shoreline todayandintothefuture DEVELOPMENT TYPE STORY SHORELINE SHORELINE • The majorpotentialshorelinechangesinclude: permit applicationinprogresswithinthisarea. There isoneactivitythathasrecentlybeenpermittedbyBCDCoranongoing shoreline protectionforI-680. with theUPRRandadditionalembankmentsbermsservingas The shorelineinthisareaisamixofwetlandsandbermsasthefirstlinedefense, STORY Pacific FlywayInterpretationCenter(Planned) What istheshorelinemadeupofnow? future? How willtheshorelinechangein D -30•ADAPTING TO RISING TIDES: BAY AREA 18

D -31•ADAPTING TO RISING TIDES: BAY AREA

LOCAL ASSESSMENT OLU: SUISUN SLOUGH IMPACT AREA B: I-680 AT OAKRIDGE LOCAL ASSESSMENT OLU: SUISUN SLOUGH IMPACT AREA B: I-680 AT OAKRIDGE Current andfuturefloodingrisk OVERTOPPING FLOODING EXPOSURE

water levelsincrease. begins tobefloodednorthofOakridgeLane (Figure 13d).Thisfloodingincreasesas At 12”TWL,UPRRraillineisfloodedbetween theMarshandI-680.At66”TWL,I-680 south ofOakridgeLane.At108”TWL,significantportionsI-680areovertopped. Lane. At96”TWL,theovertoppingalongI-680extendsinnorthandbeginsjust 66” TWL,asmallsegmentofI-680overtopsapproximately.5milesnorthOakridge Goodyear Roadimmediatelyadjacenttotheeastoffreewayisovertopped.At that arewestoftherailbetweenUPRRandI-680.At36”TWL,anembankmentalong east oftheraillineareovertopped,aswelladditionalsegmentsandberms Oakridge LaneandI-680intersection.At24”TWL,mostofthewetlandsberms one-mile segmentofUPRR/Amtrakraillinewithinthemarshimmediatelyeast At 12”TWL,muchofthewetlandsandbermsareovertopped(Figure12d),aswella STORY STORY D -32•ADAPTING TO RISING TIDES: BAY AREA Where iswatercomingovertheshoreline? Where doesfloodingoccur? (explorer.adaptingtorisingtides.org) to seemore TWLs. and/or significantfloodingthresholds. VisittheBay Shoreline FloodExplorer Figure 12d. Two total waterlevels selectedthatdemonstrate first overtopping OVERTOPPING ANDFLOODING * SuisunMarshisnotaPCA,butwasincludedinanalysis asar are shownandcolored barsrepresent wheneachassetisfirstexposed to floodingimpacts. Figure 13d�Firstexposure ofregional systems� Individualassetswithinthefourregional systemsinthisarea FIRST FLOODINGOFREGIONALSYSTEMSASSESSED Regional SystemsImpacted Capital Corridor/Amtrak 12” TWL Suisun Marsh* UPRR I-680 D -33•ADAPTING TO RISING TIDES: BAY AREA 2 4 6 8 2 6 7 4 6 108″ 96″ 84″ 77″ 66″ 52″ 48″ 36″ 24″ 12″ egionally impor tant natural asset. 66” TWL Deeper depthofflooding Shallower depthofflooding Overtopping No overtopping

LOCAL ASSESSMENT OLU: SUISUN SLOUGH IMPACT AREA B: I-680 AT OAKRIDGE LOCAL ASSESSMENT OLU: SUISUN SLOUGH IMPACT AREA B: I-680 AT OAKRIDGE Shared vulnerabilitiestoflooding VULNERABILITY STORIES SHARED flood eventsandimpacts. presents achallengetosufficientlypreparingforandresponding transportation. Thiscomplexinterdependencyandmanagement Valley, andiffloodedwouldcausemajorimpactstolocalregional serves asacriticalarterybetweentheBayAreaandCentral UPRR servesasadditionalfloodprotectiontoI-680.Thiscorridor Suisun MarshservesasfloodprotectiontobothUPRRandI-680, movement corridorsisvulnerabletosealevelriseimpacts.The The functionofI-680andUPRRasmajortransportationgoods 1. TransportationAndComplexInterdependencies shared multi-benefitsadaptationsolutions. interconnections amongandacrosslocalsystems,encourage shared storiesofvulnerability.Ourgoalistoemphasizethe within eachfocusarea.Thevulnerabilitystatementsbelowreflect then sharedvulnerabilitieswereidentifiedforregionalsystems Vulnerability assessmentswereconductedonindividualassetsand D -34•ADAPTING TO RISING TIDES: BAY AREA Shared consequencestoflooding CONSEQUENCE STORIES SHARED centers throughouttheregion. vulnerable communitymembersinSuisunCityandFairfieldtogetfromjob Amtrak raillineinthisareawillhaveadisproportionateimpactontheabilityfor Bay Area,Sacramento,andbeyond. goods movement,transit,andabilityforworkerstogetjobcentersinthegreater Corridor andUPRRlinewillhaveeconomicimpactsduetodisruptionofregionwide addition, interruptionofpassengerandheavyrailservicesattheAmtrak/Capital vehicle milestraveledwhichwillleadtoincreasedgreenhousegasemissions.In who willhavetotakelongerroutes,likelyleadingtrafficcongestionandincrease region. Thelackofredundancymakestheseimpactsmoreseveretocommuters thousands ofpeopleeverydaytoandfromemploymentcentersthroughoutthe Economy • Society andEquity• Environment • communities. sites alsoposesarisktoboththesewetlands ecosystems andsurrounding reproductive successifnestsareflooded.The presenceofnumerouscontaminated event floodingmakesthesespeciesmorevulnerable topredationandcanreduce protection. Marshesprovidehabitatforthreatened andendangeredspecies.Storm based floodprotectionwouldincreasetheheight andcostofstructuralshoreline wildlife habitatandrecreationalopportunities. Additionally,lossofthisnature- ability oftheseecosystemstoprovideservices suchasstormwaterretention, San FranciscoBayatSuisunSloughandlossof thesehabitatswouldimpairthe

FloodingofI-680willhavemajoreconomicconsequencesasitcarries a t o This sectiontranslatessharedvulnerabilitystatementsintostories hrough framesofsustainability:SocietyandEquity,theEconomy nd theEnvironment. f shared consequences. The ART program considers consequences D -35•ADAPTING TO RISING TIDES: BAY AREA This areacontainssomeofthelastremainingwetlandsin Flooding ofI-680andtheUPRRCapitalCorridor/

LOCAL ASSESSMENT OLU: SUISUN SLOUGH IMPACT AREA B: I-680 AT OAKRIDGE Area of Impact C: Suisun Marsh and Grizzly Island Road Location This Area of Impact encompasses the Suisun Marsh in Southern Solano County, including Grizzly Island Road. Grizzly Island Road is east of Suisun City and serves as the main access road to Suisun Marsh for marsh management activities as well as recreation (Figure 14d).

IMPACT AREA C: SUISUN MARSH IMPACT OLU: SUISUN SLOUGH OLU:

Figure 14d. Top: Identification of where Area of Impact is within OLU. Bottom: Map of Area of Impact containing

LOCAL ASSESSMENT LOCAL regional systems. Individual assets assessed in this Area of Impact are labeled on the map and listed on the following page. D - 36 • ADAPTING TO RISING TIDES: BAY AREA Map data ©2019 by Google.

Why shared stories of vulnerability? ART Bay AreaARTThis AreaColor ofBay ImpactART wasPalette Area selected Bay becauseColor Area it contains PaletteColor a variety of Palettesystems, including two transportation routes, the communities of Suisun City and Fairfield, and ART websiteFlood colors map colorsFlood map colors ARTART website colorsthe Bay Suisun Flood Marsh.Area mapART Due colors websiteColor to overlap colorsART andPalette Bay dependencies Area Banner among theseART Bay systems Area Banner inART Bay Area Banner this area, the vulnerabilities of these systems to flooding and sea level rise are ART website colors Flood map colors ART Bay Area Banner discussed together in shared stories of the shoreline, overtopping, and exposure to flooding as water levels rise. The goal of communicating shared vulnerabilities and consequences is to encourage multi-benefit solutions through collaborations and coordination. ART Report Color ART Report ColorART Report Color Option #1 ART ReportOption Color #1 Option #1 Option #1 Figure 14d. MAP OF REGIONAL SYSTEMS AND LIST OF INDIVIDUAL (Passes accessibility(Passes for accessibility for D75627 71759AD75627 21A2B2 71759A 47A374 21A2B2 47A374 (Passes accessibility for ASSETSD75627 ASSESSED 71759A 21A2B2D75627 WITHIN 71759A 47A374 21A2B2 THIS 47A374AREA OF IMPACT LISTED BELOW: (Passes accessibility for graphical objects interface graphical objects interfacegraphical graphicalobjects interface objects interface components and as back-componentscomponents and as back- andcomponents as back- and as back- ground color with whiteground text) colorground with whitecolor text)withground white color text) with white text)

Richmond Richmond Richmond Richmond IMPACT AREA C: SUISUN MARSH IMPACT

I-580 I-580 I-580 I-580 I-80

I-80 I-80 SF WaterI-80 Trail Local Roads PCA SF Water SF Water SF Water SF Bay Union Trail Local Local TRANSPORTATIONTrail VULNERABLELocal Trail PRIORITY PRIORITY Trail PCA PCA Roads Roads PCA PCA Roads Railroad COMMUNITIES SF Bay DEVELOPMENTSF BayUnion CONSERVATIONUnion SF Bay South Union Richmond Regional Burlington- NorthernTrail Trail Richmond Trail Port of Trail Gaps SUISUN SLOUGH OLU: AREAS (PDAs)SantaPCA Fe AREASRailroad (PCAs) PCA PDA Railroad RailroadPCA Richmond PCA Railroad Railroad Burlington- Burlington- South Burlington- RichmSouthond RegionalRichm ond Regional • SR-12 South • FairfieldRichmond & Regional • N/A 77” • NorthernN/A Northern 12” 24” 36” Northern 48” 52” 66”Ric hmondPort of Trail Gaps Port of Trail Gaps Port of Trail GapsRichm ond Santa Fe Santa Fe Richmond Santa Fe • Grizzly Island Road TOTALPDA WATER LEVEL (inches)RailroadPDA Richmond PCARailroadRailroadRichmond PCA Railroad PDA SuisunRailroad Rich Citymon d PCA Railroad

Community 12” 24” 36” 48” 52” 66” 77” ART Report Color 12” 24” 36” 48” 52” 12” 66” 24” 77” 36” 48” 52” 66” 77” TOTAL WATER LEVEL (inches) Option #2 TOTAL WATER LEVEL (inches) TOTAL WATER LEVEL (inches)

ART Report Color (Option #1ART is my Report favorite Color butART our team Report also Colorliked the pink too. Option #2 Could be Optionanother option #2 for Optionseeing how #2 VC hash layer displays. ASSESSMENT LOCAL

D - 37 • ADAPTING TO RISING TIDES: BAY AREA (Option #1 is my favoriteART but Potential our(Option team Design also#1 is liked myElements/(Option favorite the pink or #1 but Potential too. is ourmy favoriteteam Accent also butColors liked our theteam pink also too. liked the pink too. Could be another option for seeingCould how be anotherVC hashCould optionlayer be displays. foranother seeing option how VC for hash seeing layer how displays. VC hash layer displays.

ART Potential Design Elements/ART or Potential Potential DesignART Accent Potential Elements/ Colors Design or Potential Elements/ Accent or Potential Colors Accent Colors Shoreline today and into the future

SHORELINE What is the shoreline made up of now? TYPE STORY

The shoreline in this area is a mix of wetlands and berms, with embankments at the intersection of Grizzly Island Road and SR-12 and where it crosses Montezuma Slough.

SHORELINE DEVELOPMENT How will the shoreline change in the STORY future?

This area is actively undergoing restoration and development activities. There are two activities that have recently been permitted by BCDC or have an ongoing permit application in progress. IMPACT AREA C: SUISUN MARSH IMPACT The major potential shoreline changes include:

• Hill Slough Restoration Project (Under Construction) • Elevation of part of Grizzly Island Road (Planned)

OLU: SUISUN SLOUGH OLU:

LOCAL ASSESSMENT LOCAL

D - 38 • ADAPTING TO RISING TIDES: BAY AREA 2/24/2020 3594 Grizzly Island Rd - Google Maps

3594 Grizzly Island Rd

Image capture: Mar 2019 © 2020 Google https://www.google.com/maps/@38.2340409,-122.0204866,3a,75y,177.19h,77.65t/data=!3m6!1e1!3m4!1sgz8IZyOlwGhgBL30nOC25A!2e0!7i16384!8i8192 1/2 IMPACT AREA C: SUISUN MARSH IMPACT OLU: SUISUN SLOUGH OLU: LOCAL ASSESSMENT LOCAL

D - 39 • ADAPTING TO RISING TIDES: BAY AREA Current and future flooding risk

OVERTOPPING STORY Where is water coming over the shoreline?

At 12” TWL, the marsh is flooded and berms between Gray Hawk Lane and Hill Slough are overtopped (Figure 15d). Berms further south, bordering the road on the southern side of Montezuma Slough are also overtopped at 12” TWL, with the most significant overtopping occurring in the southeastern portion of Suisun Marsh between Montezuma Slough and the end of the road. That portion of the road is entirely overtopped at 24” TWL. At 52” TWL, eastbound lanes of SR-12 that are critical to the approach to Grizzly Island Road are overtopped. By 84” TWL, the approach to Grizzly Island Road on SR-12 and most of the road, excluding a small segment from Hill Slough to Montezuma Slough, are overtopped.

FLOODING EXPOSURE

IMPACT AREA C: SUISUN MARSH IMPACT Where does flooding occur? STORY

At 12” TWL, 0.5 miles of the beginning of the Grizzly Island Road and between SR-12 and Hill Slough are flooded, as well as most of the road between Montezuma Slough and it’s eastern dead end (Figure 16d). At 24” TWL, the entire road east of Montezuma OLU: SUISUN SLOUGH OLU: Slough is flooded, and the flooding north of Hill Slough expands. At 52” TWL, SR-12 begins to flood as it approaches Grizzly Island Road from the west. At 77” TWL, the full road is flooded except a small segment from Hill Slough to Montezuma Slough, as is the approach from SR-12. LOCAL ASSESSMENT LOCAL

D - 40 • ADAPTING TO RISING TIDES: BAY AREA 24” TWL 52” TWL

OVERTOPPING AND FLOODING No overtopping Overtopping Figure 15d. Two total water levels selected that demonstrate first overtopping Shallower depth of flooding and/or significant flooding thresholds. Visit the Bay Shoreline Flood Explorer Deeper depth of flooding (explorer.adaptingtorisingtides.org) to see more TWLs.

FIRST FLOODING OF REGIONAL SYSTEMS ASSESSED AREA C: SUISUN MARSH IMPACT

Regional Systems Impacted 12″ 24″ 36″ 48″ 52″ 66″ 77″ 84″ 96″ 108″ Suisun Marsh* Grizzly Island Road Suisun City Community SR-12 OLU: SUISUN SLOUGH OLU: Fairfield Community

Figure 16d� First exposure of regional systems� Individual assets within the four regional systems in this area are shown and colored bars represent when each asset is first exposed to flooding impacts. * Suisun Marsh is not a PCA, but was included in analysis as a regionally important natural asset. LOCAL ASSESSMENT LOCAL

D - 41 • ADAPTING TO RISING TIDES: BAY AREA Shared vulnerabilities to flooding

Vulnerability assessments were conducted on individual assets and then SHARED shared vulnerabilities were identified for regional systems within each VULNERABILITY focus area. The vulnerability statements below reflect shared stories of vulnerability. Our goal is to emphasize the interconnections among and STORIES across local systems, and encourage shared multi-benefits adaptation solutions.

1. Habitat and Flood Protection Benefits Suisun Marsh is the largest remaining brackish marsh on the west coast of North America and studies show that approximately 1,000 feet of tidal marsh can reduce wave height and energy associated with extreme storm events by over 50%, where increased width increases the natural flood protection benefits and decreases the necessary height of the inland levee. Sea level rise will increase the depth, duration, and frequency that Suisun Marsh is flooded. The wildlife habitat and flood protection benefits that Suisun Marsh provides will not be sustained if the marsh drowns or becomes mudflat due to sea level rise.

The function of I-680 and UPRR as major transportation and goods movement corridors is vulnerable to sea level rise impacts. The Suisun Marsh serves as flood protection to both UPRR and I-680, and UPRR serves as additional flood protection to I-680. This corridor serves as a critical artery between the Bay Area and the Central Valley, and if flooded would cause major impacts to local and regional transportation. This complex interdependency and management presents a challenge to sufficiently preparing for and responding to flood events and impacts.

IMPACT AREA C: SUISUN MARSH IMPACT 2. Complex Marsh Management Suisun Marsh has multiple management objectives related to recreation, water management, and threatened and endangered species, requiring a complex permitting process to maintain the system and perform improvements. Suisun Marsh relies on levees, pumps, and tide gates to manage water levels and sea level rise will make it increasingly difficult to maintain these levels. As water levels change and topography doesn’t, the inundation regime and hence the habitats and species therein will

OLU: SUISUN SLOUGH OLU: inevitably change. Current regulatory requirements may constrain possible adaptation actions.

3. Access to Recreation Most of the land within the Suisun Marsh is managed wetlands that supports duck hunting activities and other forms of recreation. The marsh itself, as well as the access roads to reach these activities, are vulnerable to sea level rise. LOCAL ASSESSMENT LOCAL

D - 42 • ADAPTING TO RISING TIDES: BAY AREA Shared consequences to flooding

SHARED This section translates shared vulnerability statements into stories CONSEQUENCE of shared consequences. The ART program considers consequences through frames of sustainability: Society and Equity, the Economy STORIES and the Environment.

Society and Equity • Flooding of Grizzly Island Road will cut off access to recreational activities within the marsh, disproportionately impacting surrounding vulnerable communities in Suisun City and Fairfield. Flooding of SR-12 within this focus are will also limit transportation east towards the Central Valley, limiting commuting options to job centers. Flooding of, or flooding of access to, subsistence hunting and fishing sites within the Suisun Marsh will negatively impact local community members who rely on these sites and the marsh to feed themselves or their families.

Economy • Recreation within the Suisun Marsh supports local and regional businesses. Lack of access to the marsh due to flooding will impact these businesses and the local economy.

Environment • The Suisun Marsh is the largest brackish water marsh on the West Coast of North America. It provides ecosystem services including flood AREA C: SUISUN MARSH IMPACT protection, habitat, recreation, wave attenuation, and water filtration. Complex management structures are in place between agencies and private landowners to maintain the function of the marsh. Flooding of Grizzly Island Road and SR-12 will not only flood the marsh itself and impact ecosystem service delivery but will also limit the ability for management agencies to enter the marsh to perform their management responsibilities. OLU: SUISUN SLOUGH OLU: LOCAL ASSESSMENT LOCAL

D - 43 • ADAPTING TO RISING TIDES: BAY AREA Endnotes

1 “Suisun Marsh Atlas” (California Department of Fish and Wildlife, 2019), https://www.wildlife.ca.gov/ Regions/3/Suisun-Marsh/Atlas. 2 Caltrans, “2016 Vehicle Volumes (AADT).” 3 Caltrans, “2016 Truck Volumes (AADTT).” 4 Caltrans, “2016 Vehicle Volumes (AADT).” 5 Caltrans, “2016 Truck Volumes (AADTT).” 6 “Lifeline Routes.” 7 “Welcome to Suisun City, Calif. – A Digital Suisun City Hall, and Community and Visitor Information Portal,” accessed August 22, 2019, https://www.suisun.com/. 8 “U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts: Suisun City City, California,” accessed August 22, 2019, https://www. census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/suisuncitycitycalifornia/IPE120217. 9 “Suisun City Council,” accessed August 22, 2019, https://www.suisun.com/government/city-council/. 10 “U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts: Fairfield City, California,” accessed August 22, 2019, https://www. census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/fairfieldcitycalifornia/PST045218. 11 City of Fairfield, “Heart of Fairfield Plan,” April 2017, http://www.fairfield.ca.gov/civicax/filebank/blob- dload.aspx?BlobID=15333. 12 “San Francisco Bay Area Water Trail.” 13 “Downtown Suisun City – Trailhead Information,” Facts and Figures, San Francisco Bay Area Water Trail, 2019, http://sfbaywatertrail.org/trailhead/downtown-suisun-city/. 14 “Suisun City Marina – Bay Water Trail,” accessed August 23, 2019, http://sfbaywatertrail.org/trailhead/ suisun-city-marina/. 15 “Suisun Marsh Habitat Management, Preservation and Restoration,” accessed August 23, 2019, https://www.wildlife.ca.gov/Regions/3/Suisun-Marsh. 16 “San Francisco Bay Shore Inventory: Mapping for Sea Level Rise Planning GIS Data.” 17 “San Francisco Bay Shore Inventory: Mapping for Sea Level Rise Planning GIS Data.” 18 “San Francisco Bay Shore Inventory: Mapping for Sea Level Rise Planning GIS Data.”

D - 44 • ADAPTING TO RISING TIDES: BAY AREA