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2016 Technical Guidelines for Digitizing Cultural Heritage Materials

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2016 Technical Guidelines for Digitizing Cultural Heritage Materials September 2016 Technical Guidelines for Digitizing Cultural Heritage Materials Creation of Raster Image Files i Document Information Title Editor Technical Guidelines for Digitizing Cultural Heritage Materials: Thomas Rieger Creation of Raster Image Files Document Type Technical Guidelines Publication Date September 2016 Source Documents Title Editors Technical Guidelines for Digitizing Cultural Heritage Materials: Don Williams and Michael Creation of Raster Image Master Files Stelmach http://www.digitizationguidelines.gov/guidelines/FADGI_Still_Image- Tech_Guidelines_2010-08-24.pdf Document Type Technical Guidelines Publication Date August 2010 Title Author s Technical Guidelines for Digitizing Archival Records for Electronic Steven Puglia, Jeffrey Reed, and Access: Creation of Production Master Files – Raster Images Erin Rhodes http://www.archives.gov/preservation/technical/guidelines.pdf U.S. National Archives and Records Administration Document Type Technical Guidelines Publication Date June 2004 This work is available for worldwide use and reuse under CC0 1.0 Universal. ii Table of Contents INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................... 7 SCOPE .......................................................................................................................................................... 7 THE FADGI STAR SYSTEM ........................................................................................................................ 9 THE FADGI CONFORMANCE PROGRAM ............................................................................................... 10 DIGITAL IMAGING CONFORMANCE EVALUATION (DICE) PROCESS MONITORING ....................... 10 DICE EVALUATION PARAMETERS ......................................................................................................... 10 Sampling Frequency ............................................................................................................................... 10 Tone Response (OECF) ......................................................................................................................... 10 White Balance Error ................................................................................................................................ 10 Illuminance Non-Uniformity ..................................................................................................................... 11 Color Accuracy........................................................................................................................................ 11 Color Channel Mis-Registration .............................................................................................................. 11 MTF/SFR (Modulation Transfer Function / Spatial Frequency Response) ............................................ 11 Reproduction Scale Accuracy (Future Implementation) ......................................................................... 11 Sharpening .............................................................................................................................................. 11 Noise ....................................................................................................................................................... 12 Skew (Future Implementation) ................................................................................................................ 12 Field Artifacts (Future Implementation) .................................................................................................. 12 Geometric Distortion (Future Implementation) ....................................................................................... 12 FILE FORMATS .......................................................................................................................................... 12 Master File Format .................................................................................................................................... 12 Access File Formats ................................................................................................................................. 13 File Compression ...................................................................................................................................... 14 File Format Comparison ........................................................................................................................... 14 FADGI GLOSSARY .................................................................................................................................... 14 LIMITATIONS OF THE GUIDELINES ........................................................................................................ 14 PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT ...................................................................................................................... 14 Room ...................................................................................................................................................... 14 Monitor, Light Boxes, and Viewing Booths ............................................................................................. 15 Cleanliness of Work Area ....................................................................................................................... 16 3 Vibration .................................................................................................................................................. 16 Flare ........................................................................................................................................................ 16 Lighting ................................................................................................................................................... 16 Accessories ............................................................................................................................................. 16 BOUND VOLUMES: RARE AND SPECIAL MATERIALS ........................................................................ 18 BOUND VOLUMES: GENERAL COLLECTIONS ..................................................................................... 21 DOCUMENTS (UNBOUND): MANUSCRIPTS AND OTHER RARE AND SPECIAL MATERIALS ......... 23 DOCUMENTS (UNBOUND): GENERAL COLLECTIONS ....................................................................... 26 OVERSIZE ITEMS: MAPS, POSTERS, AND OTHER MATERIALS ....................................................... 28 NEWSPAPERS ........................................................................................................................................... 31 PRINTS AND PHOTOGRAPHS ................................................................................................................. 33 PHOTOGRAPHIC TRANSPARENCIES: 35MM TO 4”X5” ...................................................................... 36 PHOTOGRAPHIC TRANSPARENCIES LARGER THAN 4” X 5” ............................................................ 38 PHOTOGRAPHIC NEGATIVES: 35MM TO 4”X5” .................................................................................. 40 PHOTOGRAPHIC NEGATIVES LARGER THAN 4” X 5” ........................................................................ 43 PAINTINGS AND OTHER TWO-DIMENSIONAL ART (OTHER THAN PRINTS) .................................... 46 X-RAY FILM (RADIOGRAPHS) ................................................................................................................. 48 PRINTED MATTER, MANUSCRIPTS, AND OTHER DOCUMENTS ON MICROFILM ............................ 50 DIGITIZATION EQUIPMENT ...................................................................................................................... 52 Camera ................................................................................................................................................... 52 Scanner ................................................................................................................................................... 52 Planetary Scanner .................................................................................................................................. 52 Flatbed Scanner ..................................................................................................................................... 52 Lens ........................................................................................................................................................ 53 Film Scanner ........................................................................................................................................... 53 Drum Scanner ......................................................................................................................................... 53 Selection of Digitization Equipment ........................................................................................................ 53 IMAGING WORKFLOW ............................................................................................................................. 54 Overview ................................................................................................................................................. 54 Define the Requirement .......................................................................................................................... 54 Assess Organizational
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