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Investigation of Agarwood Compounds in Aquilaria Malaccensis & Aquilaria Rostrata Chipwood by Using Solid Phase Microextraction

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Investigation of Agarwood Compounds in Aquilaria Malaccensis & Aquilaria Rostrata Chipwood by Using Solid Phase Microextraction Volume 1- Issue 6 : 2017 DOI: 10.26717/BJSTR.2017.01.000499 Daoud Tajeldeinn Ahmaed. Biomed J Sci & Tech Res ISSN: 2574-1241 Research Article Open Access Investigation of Agarwood Compounds in Aquilaria malaccensis & Aquilaria Rostrata Chipwood by Using Solid Phase Microextraction Daoud Tajeldeinn Ahmaed*1, Mahmood Mohammed1, Ali Mohamed Masaad2 and Saiful Nizam Tajuddin3 1Faculty of Pharmacy, Omdurman Islamic University, Sudan 2Faculty of science and technology, Omdurman Islamic University, Sudan 3Faculty of industerial science and technology,university of Malaysia Pahang,Gambang,Pahang,Malaysia Received: October 06, 2017; Published: November 06, 2017 *Corresponding author: Daoud Tajeldeinn Ahmaed, Faculty of Pharmacy, Omdurman Islamic University, Khartoum-Omdurman-Sudan, Sudaan, Tel: ; Email: Abstract Aquilaria malaccensis & Aquilaria rostrata chip wood by using solid phase micro extraction. In this study high grade of agar wood chip wood was investigated. Two types of extraction performed The aim of this study was to characterize and profile the chemical constituents of by SPME; were direct extraction of smoke which coating fiber adsorbs analyte directly from sample matrix and headspace volatile of incense; chromatographythat adsorbs analyte (GC) indirectly was tagged from on, the to matrix.extract andBy using analyze 50/30 volatile µm divinylbenzene-carboxen-polydimethysiloxanecompounds. The average area percentages of these(DVB-CAR-PDMS) compounds werefiber. calculatedAs a result by at using least factor100 compounds analysis of PCA.were The identified major compounds in incense smoke,extracted whereas from Aquilaria in headspace malaccensis volatile chip more wood than by 70using compounds. headspace The volatile gas of incense were kessane (29.229), α-guaiene (24.683) and β-dihydroagarofuran (11.391), while β-selinene (0.976), caryophllene oxide (0.968), α-muuroleneThe main (0.887) compounds and epoxy extracted bulnesene from Aquilaria (0.859) wererostrata major compound obtained by using direct extraction of smoke. chip wood by using headspace volatile of incense were β-dihydroagarofuran (53), ofkhusiol smoke (0.929) can acts and as ϒ-gurjuneneindicator before (0.820) further whereas extraction by using and directcorrelate extraction agarwood of smokecompound were from α-gurjunene incense smoke(5.54), andβ -caryophllene volatile compound (3.89), with and agarwoodα-guaiene oil.(2.7). Hence, this research proves that characterization of agarwood by using headspace volatile of incense and direct extraction Keywords: Aquilaria malaccensis; Aquilaria Rostrata; Headspace volatile of incense; Direct extraction of smoke; Solid phase micro extraction SPME Introduction is due to the immunological response of the host tree due to Agarwood wound or infection. It may be the result of pathological, wounding; Name and Distribution: Aquilaria genus which belongs however, studies have not resolved this mystery yet [3,4]. to Thymelaeaceae family is known as the producer of resin impregnated heartwood. The other names for the resinous wood Uses: Agarwood incense is being used by Buddhist, Hindus are agarwood, agar, aloes wood, gaharu, eaglewood and kalambak and Muslims in religious ceremony, whereas in Japan it is used in [1]. There are more than 15 species of Aquilaria genus distributed Koh Doh incense ceremony [5]. Despite the rareness, agarwood in the Asian region between Sumatra, India, Vietnam, Burma, Laos, may also be carved into sculptures, beads and boxes. Agarwood and Cambodia to Malaysia, Borneo, Philippines and New Guinea [1,2]. and [6,7]. In Malaysia, grated agarwood also been utilized for cosmetic Aquilaria malaccensis, Aquilaria rostrata, Aquilaria hirta chips and flakes are the most common forms of agarwood in trade Aquilaria beccariana are among species of agarwood that can be uses, especially during illness and after childbirth. A. malaccensis found in Malaysia. is the common species of the Aquilaria genus that can be found in Malaysia. A. malaccensis grows as a large evergreen tree growing Agarwood Formation Theory: There are many hypotheses behind agarwood formation. It is believed that agarwood formation A. Rostrata can be found in mountainous area which is usually at over 15-30 m tall and 1.5- 2.5 m in diameter, and has white flowers. Cite this article: Daoud T A, Mahmoud M E, Ali M M. Investigation of Agarwood Compounds in Aquilaria malaccensis & Aquilaria Rostrata Chipwood by Using Solid Phase Microextraction Biomed J Sci & Tech Res 1(6)- 2017. BJSTR. MS.ID.000499. DOI : 10.26717/BJSTR.2017.01.000499 1609 Daoud Tajeldeinn Ahmaed. Biomed J Sci & Tech Res Volume 1- Issue 6 : 2017 upper hill of Dipterocarp forest. The surface of A. rostrata’s bark incense study. He found 3-hydroxyprop-2-enoic acid, Benzoic is smoother compared to others, thus it is more preferable for acid, 4-hydroxybutanoic acid, cinnamic acid, 3-hydroxybenzoic manufacturing furniture or crafts. acid, Vanillic acid, 1,4-cyclohexanediol, 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, Resorcinol, formaldehyde, Acetaldehyde and 3-methyl-2-butanone Grading system: Traditionally, the process of agarwood in agarwood incense [15,16]. The latest research from Nor Azah grading based on its physical properties including resin content, (2014) determined the six remarkable compound out of 43 detected in agarwood essential oil which are 4-phenyl-2-butanone, adapted by sinking the agarwood in water. High quality agarwood color, odor, shape and weight [8]. Water-sinking method also will sink in water due to the high resin content which called as ‘sinking fragrance’ or chen xiang by the Chinese [5]. Nonetheless, valencene, curcumene, β-dihydroagarofuran, 10-epi-ϒ-eudesmol grading of agarwood depend on the expert observation and not and α-guaiene; the rest of the compound were , α-gurjunene, β-copeane, ϒ-elemene, aromadendrene, valencene, ϒ-Gurjunene, oil has been investigated for the chemical compounds by N. Ismail, agarwood compound from incense smoke and volatile compound Elemol, β-Vetivenene, among other compounds [9] . The agarwood based on scientific knowledge. This research will able to correlate with agarwood oil, thus it can be used as indicator before further agarwood oil extraction process. the investigation revealed Aromadendrene, β-Agarofuran, 10-epi- Method of agarwood extraction and analysis ϒ-eudesmol and ϒ-Eudesmol; which have been reported as the significantSolid Phase compounds Micro inextraction the oil [17]. (SPME): The aroma compounds of essential oils have drawn attention of many researchers to references were found related to agarwood chip wood volatile and Previous study focuses on chemical profile from oil. A few incense smoke study. Chemical studies of gaharu oils from Aquilaria compound study is solid phase micro extraction (SPME) which has identify their volatile profiles. One of the popular methods of volatile species including A. malaccensis have reported the presence of been proven its effectiveness in various application; plants, food, several sesquiterpenes such as sesquiterpenes alcohols, oxygenated and environmental analysis. SPME is well known as a rapid and compounds, hydrocarbons and acids [9]. Agarwood oil has been extracted and analyzed using various techniques and equipment. SPME developed to be solvent free, fast and applicable in various simple technique without the need for sample preparation [18]; Some of common techniques including gas chromatography (GC), method extractions [19,20]. The technique requires small volume gas chromatography-mass spectrometric (GC-MS), solid phase of sample compared to others [21,22]. In addition, under relative mild condition of isolation, terpenoids usually tend to isomerizes detector (GC-FID), gas chromatography-olfactometry (GC-O) and and rearrangement of structure of compound molecule as well as micro extraction (SPME), gas chromatography -flame ionization comprehensive two dimensional gas chromatography (GC x GC). GC-Olfactory is used to identify odor-compounds which combine over the classical methods of isolation the SPME technique got the artifact compounds can be formed during extraction [23-28], even function of both gas chromatography and human panel. The GC- lowest extraction temperature advantage; for all these factor it has FID works to detect hydrocarbon molecule. This analysis was been chosen to be used in the present study. performed to extract the chemical compositions in essential oils. The GC/MS is a well-known, easy, and proven method to study the Experimental Plant Materials and Chemicals chemicalAgarwood profiles Chemical in agarwood Compound: oil [9,10]. High grade agarwood chips were procured, namely Aquilaria malaccensis and Aquilaria rostrata from Kedaik Agarwood Sdn. Previously, Wong Y reported Bhd., a well-known Malaysian agarwood supplier. Those chipwoods the presence of α-gurjunene, β-elemene, β-gurjunene, ϒ-guaiene, Aquilaria were obtained from Endau-Rompin Forest Reserve, Pahang. C7- α-selinene, β- dihydroagarofuran, ɤ-cadinene, ϒ-eudesmol, malaccensis C20 n-alkanes were supplied by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. Agarospirol , α-Eudesmol, β-Eudesmol in infected known as 2-(2-phyenylethyl) and support that both sesquiterpene (Toshima, Kita-ku, Tokyo). [3]. HQ Wei proved chromone existence in agarwood and chromone are the main active compound contribute to the Smoke and Volatile Sampling by Ishihara and Uneyama who declared agarwood compounds A 50/30 µm divinylbenzene-carboxen- fragrance [11]. The findings is strengthen by the earlier study consists of series of sesquiterpenes
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