Humboldt State University Digital Commons @ Humboldt State University

Botanical Studies Open Educational Resources and Data

2017

Vascular Plants of Trinidad Head, Humboldt County, California

James P. Smith Jr Humboldt State University, [email protected]

Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.humboldt.edu/botany_jps

Part of the Botany Commons

Recommended Citation Smith, James P. Jr, "Vascular Plants of Trinidad Head, Humboldt County, California" (2017). Botanical Studies. 50. https://digitalcommons.humboldt.edu/botany_jps/50

This Flora of Northwest California-Checklists of Local Sites is brought to you for free and open access by the Open Educational Resources and Data at Digital Commons @ Humboldt State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Botanical Studies by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Humboldt State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE VASCULAR PLANTS OF TRINIDAD HEAD, HUMBOLDT COUNTY, CALIFORNIA

James P. Smith, Jr. Professor Emeritus of Botany Department of Biological Sciences Humboldt State University Arcata, California

3 June 2017

Trinidad Head is located 1.5 miles southwest of the City of Trinidad (N 41.0541, W -124.1505). It is composed C O N I F E R S of igneous rock surrounded by a Franciscan melange, with Pleistocene sands and gravel on top. CUPRESSACEAE • CYPRESS FAMILY Sequoia sempervirens • coast redwood Trinidad Head is a sacred site for the Yurok People. It was later claimed for Spain in 1775 by Bruno de Heceta. PINACEAE • PINE FAMILY It is the site of a global baseline atmospheric Abies grandis • grand fir observatory operated by NOAA. In January 2017, Picea sitchensis • Sitka spruce President Obama added Trinidad Head to an expanded Pinus contorta • beach pine California Coastal National Monument. Pinus radiata • Monterey pine Pseudotsuga menziesii • Douglas-fir L Y C O P H Y T E S & F E R N S F L O W E R I N G P L A N T S BLECHNACEAE • DEER FERN FAMILY Struthiopteris spicant • deer fern AIZOACEAE • ICE PLANT FAMILY Carpobrotus chilensis • sea-fig, ice plant DENNSTAEDTIACEAE • BRACKEN FERN FAMILY Pteridium aquilinum • bracken fern ANACARDIACEAE • CASHEW FAMILY Toxicodendron diversilobum • poison-oak DRYOPTERIDACEAE • SWORD FERN FAMILY Athyrium distentifolium • lady fern APOCYNACEAE • DOGBANE FAMILY Athyrium filix-femina • lady fern Vinca major • periwinkle Dryopteris arguta • coastal wood fern Polystichum californicum • shield fern ARISTOLOCHIACEAE • BIRTHWORT FAMILY Polystichum dudleyi • Dudley’s holly fern Asarum caudatum • wild ginger Polystichum munitum • sword fern BETULACEAE • BIRCH FAMILY POLYPODIACEAE • POLYPODY FERN FAMILY Alnus rubra • red alder Polypodium californicum • California polypody Polypodium glycyrrhiza • licorice fern BORAGINACEAE • BORAGE FAMILY Polypodium scouleri • leather leaf Myosotis sp. • forget-me-not

PTERIDACEAE • CLIFF BRAKE FERN FAMILY CAPRIFOLIACEAE • HONEYSUCKLE FAMILY Cheilanthes gracillima • lace fern Lonicera involucrata var. ledebourii • twinberry Cryptogramma crispa • parsley fern Sambucus racemosa var. racemosa • red elderberry Pentagramma triangularis • goldenback fern CARYOPHYLLACEAE • CARNATION FAMILY SELAGINELLACEAE ! SPIKE-MOSS FAMILY Cerastium glomeratum • mouse-ear chickweed Selaginella wallacei • Wallace’s spike-moss Silene gallica • campion, catchfly Spergula arvensis • corn spurrey Stellaria media • chickweed

COMPOSITAE • DAISY OR ASTER FAMILY

-1- Achillea millefolium • yarrow Briza minor • little rattlesnake grass Anaphalis margaritacea • pearly everlasting Bromus catharticus • rescue brome Artemisia sp. • wormwood Bromus hordeaceus ssp. hordeaceus • soft brome Baccharis pilularis var. consanguinea • coyote brush Calamagrostis nutkaensis • Pacific reed grass Bellis perennis • English daisy, lawn daisy Cortaderia selloana • pampas grass Cirsium brevistylum • thistle Cynosurus echinatus • hedgehog dogtail grass Cirsium vulgare • bull or common thistle Dactylis glomerata • orchard grass Conyza canadensis • mare’s tail Deschampsia caespitosa • tufted hair grass Erigeron glaucus • fleabane Distichlis spicata • salt grass Gamochaeta purpurea • cudweed Elymus glaucus • blue wild-rye Gamochaeta ustulata • feather weed Elymus mollis • American dune grass Gnaphalium chilense • cudweed Festuca arundinacea • tall fescue Leontodon saxitilis ssp. saxitilis • hairy hawkbit Festuca bromoides • brome six-week’s grass Leucanthemum vulgare • ox-eyed daisy Festuca perenne • rye grass Pseudognaphalium stramineum • cotton batting plant Festuca rubra • red fescue Senecio glomeratus • cut-leaved fire weed Holcus lanatus • velvet grass Senecio minimus • coastal fire weed Hordeum brachyantherum • foxtail barley Solidago lepida var. salebrosa • meadow groundsel Poa annua • annual blue grass, winter grass Sonchus asper • prickly sow-thistle Poa douglasii • seashore blue grass Sonchus oleraceus • common sow-thistle Rytidosperma biannulare • hairy oat grass Taraxacum officinale • dandelion GROSSULARIACEAE • GOOSEBERRY FAMILY CRASSULACEAE • STONECROP FAMILY Ribes menziesii • canyon gooseberry Sedum spathulifolium • yellow stonecrop Ribes sanguineum var. glutinosum • gooseberry

CRUCIFERAE • MUSTARD FAMILY HYPERICACEAE • ST. JOHN’S WORT FAMILY Barbarea verna • winter cress, golden rockets Hypericum perforatum • Klamath weed Brassica rapa • black mustard Capsella bursa-pastoris • shepherd’s purse HYDROPHYLLACEAE ! WATERLEAF FAMILY Cardamine californica • California toothwort Nemophila menziesii var. menziesii • baby blue-eyes Cardamine oligosperma • bitter cress Romanzoffia tracyi • Tracy’s romanzoffia Lobularia maritima • sweet alyssum Raphanus sativus • wild radish IRIDACEAE • IRIS FAMILY Sisymbrium officinale • tumble mustard Iris douglasiana • Douglas’ iris

CUCURBITACEAE • GOURD FAMILY JUNCACEAE • RUSH FAMILY Marah oreganus • man root Juncus bufonius • toad rush Luzula comosa • Pacific wood rush ERICACEAE • HEATH FAMILY Luzula subsessilis • wood rush Arctostaphylos columbiana • Columbia manzanita Arctostaphylos uva-ursi • bear berry LABIATAE • MINT FAMILY Gaultheria shallon • salal Stachys bullata • hedge-nettle Vaccinium ovatum • huckleberry Stachys mexicana • Emerson’s hedge-nettle

GARRYACEAE • SILK-TASSEL FAMILY LEGUMINOSAE • LEGUME OR BEAN FAMILY Garrya elliptica • silk-tassel Cytisus scoparius • Scotch broom Lotus corniculatus • bird’s-foot trefoil GENTIANACEAE • GENTIAN FAMILY Lupinus arboreus • yellow-flowered bush lupine Centaurium trichanthum • alkali centaury Lupinus rivularis • riverbank lupine Trifolium dubium • suckling clover GERANIACEAE • GERANIUM FAMILY Trifolium repens • white clover Geranium carolinianum • Carolina geranium Trifolium wormskioldii • coast clover Geranium molle • dove’s-foot geranium Vicia benghalensis • purple vetch Geranium retrorsum • New Zealand geranium Vicia gigantea • giant vetch Vicia sativa • common vetch GRAMINEAE • GRASS FAMILY Agrostis hallii • Hall’s bent grass LILIACEAE • LILY FAMILY Aira caryophyllea • silver hair grass Calochortus tolmiei • pussy-ears Aira praecox • little hair grass Lilium columbianum • Columbia lily Ammophila arenaria • European beach grass Lilium occidentale • western lily Anthoxanthum odoratum • sweet vernal grass Maianthemum dilatatum • false lily-of-the-valley Briza maxima • big rattlesnake grass Prosartes smithii • large-flower fairy bells

-2- Trillium ovatum • western wake robin SCROPHULARIACEAE • FIGWORT FAMILY Triteleia laxa • Ithuriel’s spear Castilleja affinis ssp. litoralis • coast paintbrush Collinsia heterophylla • Chinese houses LINACEAE ! FLAX FAMILY Mimulus aurantiacus • bush monkey flower Linum bienne • narrow-leaved flax Mimulus guttatus • seep monkey flower Parentucellia viscosa • yellow gland weed MYRICACEAE • WAX-MYRTLE FAMILY Scrophularia californica • California bee plant Morella californica • California wax-myrtle Veronica californica • snow queen

NYCTAGINACEAE • FOUR 0'CLOCK FAMILY SOLANACEAE • NIGHTSHADE FAMILY Abronia latifolia • yellow sand-verbena Solanum americanum • American nightshade Solanum aviculare • kangaroo-apple ONAGRACEAE • EVENING-PRIMROSE FAMILY Solanum furcatum • forked nightshade Chamerion angustifolium • fire weed Solanum nodiflorum • white nightshade Epilobium ciliatum ssp. watsonii • willow herb UMBELLIFERAE • CARROT FAMILY PLANTAGINACEAE • PLANTAGO FAMILY Angelica lucida • sea coast angelica Plantago lanceolata • English plantain Daucus carota • Queen Anne’s lace Plantago maritima var. californica • California plantain Daucus pusillus • rattlesnake weed Heracleum lanatum • cow parsnip PLUMBAGINACEAE • LEADWORT FAMILY Sanicula arctopoides • beach sanicle Armeria maritima • sea thrift Sanicula crassicaulis • golden meadow sanicle Torilis arvensis • knotted hedge-parsley POLEMONIACEAE • PHLOX FAMILY Collomia heterophylla • varied-leaved collomia URTICACEAE • NETTLE FAMILY Gilia tricolor • bird’s-eye Urtica dioica var. gracilis • stinging nettle Navarretia squarrosa • skunk weed VIOLACEAE • VIOLET FAMILY POLYGONACEAE • KNOTWEED FAMILY Viola adunca var. adunca • western dog violet Rumex acetosella • sheep-sorrel Viola sempervirens • redwood violet

PORTULACACEAE • PURSLANE FAMILY VITACEAE • GRAPE FAMILY Claytonia perfoliata ssp. perfoliata • miner’s-lettuce Vitis californica • California grape Claytonia siberica • spring beauty ' ' ' ' ' PRIMULACEAE • PRIMROSE FAMILY Anagallis arvensis • scarlet pimpernel N O T E S Trientalis borealis ssp. latifolia • star flower This checklist is based primarily on two prepared by RHAMNACEAE • BUCKTHORN FAMILY Pat Daly (1986) and Michael Roantree (1987). I have Ceanothus thyrsiflorus • California blue blossom added several plants that I encountered on the trail Frangula purshiana • cascara sagrada around Trinidad Head and others cited in the Consortium of California Herbaria. I have also added ROSACEAE • ROSE FAMILY common names and updated family concepts and Cotoneaster lacteus • late cotoneaster scientific names. Fragaria chiloensis • beach or Chilean strawberry Fragaria vesca • strawberry Holodiscus discolor • ocean spray Rubus aremeniacus • Himalaya berry Rubus parviflorus • western thimble berry Rubus spectabilis • Salmon berry Rubus ursinus var. ursinus • California black berry

RUBIACEAE • BEDSTRAW FAMILY Galium aparine • bedstraw

SALICACEAE ! WILLOW FAMILY Salix sp. • willow

SAXIFRAGACEAE • SAXIFRAGE FAMILY Tellima grandiflora • fringe cups

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