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Effect of Previous Concussion on Sport-Specific Skills in Youth Ice Hockey Players

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Effect of Previous Concussion on Sport-Specific Skills in Youth Ice Hockey Players University of Calgary PRISM: University of Calgary's Digital Repository Graduate Studies The Vault: Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2016-01-18 Effect of Previous Concussion on Sport-Specific Skills in Youth Ice Hockey Players Eliason, Paul Eliason, P. (2016). Effect of Previous Concussion on Sport-Specific Skills in Youth Ice Hockey Players (Unpublished master's thesis). University of Calgary, Calgary, AB. doi:10.11575/PRISM/25804 http://hdl.handle.net/11023/2763 master thesis University of Calgary graduate students retain copyright ownership and moral rights for their thesis. You may use this material in any way that is permitted by the Copyright Act or through licensing that has been assigned to the document. For uses that are not allowable under copyright legislation or licensing, you are required to seek permission. Downloaded from PRISM: https://prism.ucalgary.ca UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY Effect of Previous Concussion on Sport-Specific Skills in Youth Ice Hockey Players by Paul Hamilton Eliason A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE GRADUATE PROGRAM IN KINESIOLOGY CALGARY, ALBERTA JANUARY, 2016 © Paul Hamilton Eliason 2016 Abstract Objective: To investigate the effect of previous concussion on sport-specific skill performance in youth ice hockey players. Methods: In total, 596 participants [525 males and 71 females, ages 11-17, representing elite (upper 30% by division of play) and non-elite (lower 70% by division of play)] were recruited from minor ice hockey teams in Calgary, Alberta over three seasons of play (2012-2015). Primary Outcome Measure: On-ice skill performance was based on the Hockey Canada Skills Test (HCST) battery which included forward agility weave, forward and backward speed skate, forward to backward transition agility, and a 6-repeat endurance skate. Results: There were no significant differences in the adjusted odds ratios or the mean scores between those with and without a history of concussion for all HCST components. Conclusions: Youth ice hockey players with a history of concussion have similar HCST performance scores to those that do not. ii Acknowledgements I would like to acknowledge the players, parents, and coaches who participated in making this project possible as well as Hockey Canada for their support and assistance in facilitating this research. There are many wonderful people that have helped me get to this point, and without whom this thesis would not be possible. I had the great honour of being supervised by Dr. Carolyn Emery, and I appreciated her guidance, support, and encouragement through the completion of this project. Her mentorship was invaluable. I would also like to thank my committee members Dr. Brent Hagel, Dr. Luc Nadeau, and Dr. Willem Meeuwisse. I am grateful to each of you for your continuous direction and help. To everyone in the Sport Injury Prevention Centre, thank you. The advice, laughter, and friendship we shared will last forever. A special thank you to Dr. Carly McKay who always happily made time to assist me. Thank you to my family and friends who supported me through the many challenges and successes. I am blessed to have you in my life and I appreciate you always being there for me. Finally, I would like to acknowledge that the funding support for this research project was provided by: Alberta Innovates Health Solutions, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Canadian Institutes of Health Research, and the Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute for Child & Maternal Health through the Talisman Energy Research iii Dedication This thesis is dedicated to those who I hold dearest in my heart, my wonderful family. I dedicate this to my parents, Ardis and Marshall, for their unconditional love and support. Thank you for instilling the values of hard work, perseverance, and the importance of education. To my siblings, Jordana, Graeme, and Adam, thank you for putting up and taking care of me along the way. Finally, loving thanks to my Aunt Janice and Uncle Leo who have been like second parents to me during my post-secondary journey. This is yours as much as it is mine. iv Table of Contents Abstract ............................................................................................................................... ii Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................ iii Dedication .......................................................................................................................... iv Table of Contents .................................................................................................................v List of Tables ................................................................................................................... viii List of Figures and Illustrations ......................................................................................... ix List of Symbols, Abbreviations and Nomenclature .............................................................x CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................1 1.1 Problem Statement .....................................................................................................1 1.2 Research Purpose .......................................................................................................2 1.3 Background ................................................................................................................2 1.3.1 Ice Hockey .........................................................................................................2 1.3.1.1 Participation .............................................................................................2 1.3.2 Injury and Concussion in Youth Ice Hockey ....................................................3 1.3.3 Concussion ........................................................................................................4 1.3.3.1 Definition .................................................................................................4 1.3.3.2 Symptoms and Signs of Acute Concussion .............................................5 1.3.3.3 Effects of Concussions in Non-Sport Specific Functional Outcomes .....6 1.3.4 Measurement of Sport-Specific Skills for Ice Hockey ......................................8 1.3.4.1 Hockey Canada Skills Test ......................................................................8 1.4 Research Rationale ....................................................................................................9 1.5 Research Question and Specific Objectives ............................................................10 1.6 Research Significance ..............................................................................................11 1.7 Summary of Thesis Format ......................................................................................11 CHAPTER TWO: INJURY AND SPORT-SPECIFIC SKILL PERFORMANCE: A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE ..........................................................................13 2.1 Introduction ..............................................................................................................13 2.2 Methods ...................................................................................................................13 2.2.1 Data Sources ....................................................................................................13 2.2.1.1 Search Terms .........................................................................................14 2.2.1.2 Search Strategy ......................................................................................14 2.2.2 Study Selection Criteria ...................................................................................15 2.2.3 Data Extraction ................................................................................................15 2.2.4 Data Synthesis .................................................................................................16 2.3 Results ......................................................................................................................16 2.3.1 Included Studies ..............................................................................................16 2.3.2 Musculoskeletal Injury and Sport-Specific Performance ................................25 2.3.2.1 Basketball ...............................................................................................25 2.3.2.2 Baseball ..................................................................................................28 2.3.2.3 American Football .................................................................................31 2.3.2.4 Systematic Review of ACL Injuries ......................................................33 2.3.2.5 Ice Hockey .............................................................................................33 v 2.3.3 Limitations of the Literature between Musculoskeletal Injury and Sport-Specific Performance .....................................................................................................36 2.3.4 Concussion on Sport-Specific Performance ....................................................38 2.3.4.1 Australian Football ................................................................................38 2.3.4.2 American Football .................................................................................39
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