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Marinegeology _ I\_AGcO--',/_::,5 207247 Reprinted from /,v --,-/S--c/?-. MARINEGEOLOGY INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MARINE GEOLOGY, GEOCHEMISTRY AND GEOPHYSICS Marine Geology 138 (1997) 273 301 Characteristics of seamounts near Hawaii as viewed by GLORIA Nathan T. Bridges Department of Geoscienees, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA Received 8 March 1996; accepted 19 November 1996 ELSEVIER ..... rZ MARINE QEOLOQY Editors-in-Chief For Europe, Africa and the Near East: H. Chamley, Universit(_ des Sciences et Techniques de Lille-Artois, S(_dimentologie et G_ochimie, B.P. 36, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France Tel.: +33-03 20 43 41 30 For the Americas, Pacific and Far East: M.A. Arthur, Department of Geosciences, The Pennsylvania State University, 503 Deike Building, University Park, PA 16802-2714, U.S.A. Tel.: + 1-814-865-6711; Fax: + 1-814-865-3191; E-mail: [email protected] Editorial Board R. Batiza, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA D. Jongsma, O'Connor, A.C.T., D.A. Ross, Woods Hole, Mass., USA W. Berger, La Jolla, Calif., USA Australia W.F. Ruddiman, Charlottesville, Va., USA A.H. Bouma, Baton Rouge, La., USA A.E.S. Kemp, Southampton, UK A.D. Short, Sydney, NSW, Australia A.J. Bowen, Halifax, N.S., Canada N.H. Kenyon, Southampton, UK D.J. Stanley, Washington, D.C., USA L. Carter, Wellington, New Zealand E.M. Klein, Durham, N.C., USA P. Stoffers, Kiel, Germany J.R. Curray, La Jolla, Calif., USA H.J. Knebel, Woods Hole, Mass., USA A.H.B. Stride, Petersfield, UK P.J. Davies, Sydney, N.S.W., Australia S.A. Kuehl, Gloucester Point, Va., USA D. St0ben, Karlsruhe, Germany M.L. Delaney, Santa Cruz, Calif., USA A. Maldonado, Granada, Spain D.J.P. Swift, Norfolk, Va., USA S.L Eittreim, Menlo Park, Calif., USA I.N. McCave, Cambridge, UK A. Usui, Ibaraki, Japan J.-C. Faug_res, Talence, France C.A. Nittrouer, Stony Brooke, N.Y., T.C.E. van Weering, Texel, M.E. Field, Menlo Park, Calif., USA USA The Netherlands G.P. Glasby, Sheffield, UK R.Q. Oaks, Jr., Logan, Utah, USA T.O. Vorren, Troms_, Norway M. Grant Gross, Baltimore, Md., USA O.H. Pilkey, Durham, N.C., USA J.T. Wells, Morehead City, N.C., USA D.M. Hanes, Gainesviile, Fla., USA D.J.W. Piper, Dartmouth, N.S., Canada R.A. Wheatcroft, Woods Hole, Mass., USA W.W. Hay, Boulder, Colo., USA A.I. Rees, Godalming, UK J. Woodside, Amsterdam, J.R. Hein, Menlo Park, Calif., USA C. Robert, Marseille, France The Netherlands Sco_ of the journal Marine Geology is an international medium for the publication of original studies and comprehensive reviews in the field of Marine Geology, Geochemistry and Geophysics. The editors endeavour to maintain a high scientific level and it is hoped that with its international coverage the journal will contribute to the sound development of this field. A letter section is provided as a publication outlet for short papers which require rapid publication. Publication information Marine Geology (ISSN 0025-3227). For 1997 volumes 137-144 are scheduled for publication. Subscription prices are available upon request from the publisher. Subscriptions are accepted on a prepaid basis only and are entered on a calendar year basis. Issues are sent by surface mail except to the following countries where air delivery via SAL is ensured: Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, Hong Kong, India, Israel, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Pakistan, PR China, Singapore, South Africa, South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand, USA. For all other countries airmail rates are available upon request. Claims for missing issues must be made within six months of our publication (mailing) date. For orders, claims, product enquiries (no manuscript enquiries) please contact the Customer Support Department at the Regional Sales Office nearest to you: New York, Elsevier Science, P.O. Box 945, New York, NY 10159-0945, USA. Tel: (+ 1) 212-633-3730, [Toll Free number for North American Customers: 1-888-4ES-INFO (437-4636)], Fax (+ 1) 212-633-3680, E-mail: [email protected] Amsterdam, Elsevier Science, P.O. Box 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Tel: (+31) 20-485-3757, Fax: (+31) 20- 485-3432, E-maih [email protected] Tokyo, Elsevier Science, 9-15, Higashi-Azabu 1-chome, Minato-ku, Tokyo 106, Japan. Tel. (+81) 3-5561-5033, Fax: (+81) 3- 5561-5047, E-mail: [email protected] Singapore, Elsevier Science, No. 1 Temasek Avenue, #17-01 Millenia Tower, Singapore 039192. Tel: (+65) 434-3727, Fax: (+65) 337-2230, E-mail: [email protected] US mailing notice -- Marine Geology (ISSN 0025-3227) is published monthly by Elsevier Science, (Molenwerf 1, Postbus 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam). Annual subscription price in the USA US$2316 (US$ price valid in North, Central and South America only), including air speed delivery. Periodicals postage paid at Jamaica, NY 11431. 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In the USA users may clear permissionsand make payment through the CopyrightClearance Center. 222 Rosewood Drive Danvers MA 01923 USA. In the UK users may clear permissionsand make payment through the Copyright Licensing Agency Rapid Clearance Service(CLARCS),90 Tottenham Court Road, London,WlP 0LP UK. In other countries where a local copyrightclearancecentre exists,please contactit for information on required permission and payments. Derivative Wmtlm:Subscribers may reproducetables of contents or prepare lists of articles including abstractsfor internal circulation within their institutions. Permissionof the publisher is required for resale or distribution outside the institution. Permission of the publisher is required for ell other derivative works, includingcompilations and translations. Electronic Stoclge: Permission of the publisher is required to store electronicallyany material contained in this journal, including any article or part of an article. Contactthe pubhs'- her at the address indicated. Except as outlined above, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanic.a/, photocopying, recording or otherwise,without prior wrhten permission of the publisher. Notk_: No responsibilityis assumed by the Publisherfor any injury and/or damage to personsor property as a matter ofproducts liability,nagfigenceor otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products,instructions or ideas containedin the material herein. @ The paper used in this publication meets the requirements of ANSI/NISO Z39.48-1992. (Permanenceof Paper). PRINTEDiN THE NETHERLANDS MARINE GEOLOGY IN'r_RPCAI'IOC_AL JOURNAL or MAm_ _roto_ G_Oe_EMtsrur 4N_ aEomc_scs ELSEVIER Marine Geology 138 (1997) 273 301 Characteristics of seamounts near Hawaii as viewed by GLORIA Nathan T. Bridges Department of Geosciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA Received 8 March 1996; accepted 19 November 1996 Abstract Using images and data acquired from the GLORIA sonar system, 390 seamounts within the U.S. Hawaiian Exclusive Economic Zone (HEEZ) off Hawaii have been studied. Their diameters range from 1 to 57 km, with most less than 15 km. Seamount abundance increases exponentially with decreasing size. The areal density of observed seamounts having diameters greater than I km is 182/106 km z. The theoretical abundance of seamounts of all sizes normalized to a unit area is (309_+ 17)/106 km 2, about an order of magnitude less than other surveyed areas of the Pacific. This may reflect a lower abundance of Cretaceous seamounts in this region, the covering of small seamounts by sediment, or discrepancies from the use of different data sets to derive the abundance statistics. The seamounts have morphologies ranging from steep-sided, flat-topped structures to cones to more amorphous structures; they are similar to volcanoes found elsewhere on the seafloor. A suite of secondary features associated with the seamounts includes summit craters, summit mounds, coalesced boundaries, landslides, and graben. Several seamount chains are aligned parallel to Cretaceous fracture zones, consistent with an origin close to the ancestral East Pacific Rise. Others are aligned parallel to the Necker Ridge, suggesting that they formed contemporaneously with Necker in the plate interior. This observation, together with high abundances of seamounts where other intraplate igneous processes have occurred, suggests some seamounts formed since leaving the spreading center. © 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. Keywords. Seamounts; Hawaii; GLORIA sonar; North Arch lava flow; Musicians seamounts 1. Introduction fabric perpendicular to them (Fig. 1). Other tec- tonic features of enigmatic origin and age include The oceanic crust surrounding the Hawaiian the Necker and other unnamed ridges, which trend Islands was created at the East Pacific Rise (EPR) obliquely to the seafloor fabric, indicating that approximately 70 130 Myr ago (Atwater and they probably formed in the Pacific Plate interior Severinghaus, 1988). Relict tectonic features from at a later time. Hawaiian hotspot volcanism and the time of spreading include the Murray and the resulting islands and their products have also Molokai Fracture Zones (FZ's) and the seafloor modified the seafloor. The region is dominated by the Hawaiian Ridge, a string of subaerial and subaqueous volcanoes erupted from the Hawaiian _Present address: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, MS 230 235, 4800 hotspot and carried successively northwest by Oalc Grove Dr., Pasadena, CA 91109, USA.
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