PUBLIC OPINION in SEMISOVEREIGN GERMANY Office of West European Studies

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

PUBLIC OPINION in SEMISOVEREIGN GERMANY Office of West European Studies UNIVERSITY 0F> ILLINOIS LIBRARY AT URBANACHAMPAIGN CENTRAL CIRCULATION AND BOOKSTACKS The person borrowing this material is return responsible for its renewal or before the Latest Date sta.nm-d >^<^1<>^1- Jou ^/:>.UU may be charged a minimum tee ot lost item. for each non-returned or of library materials can Theft, mutilation, or defacement action All materials be causes for student disciplinary Library are the owned by the University of Illinois and are protected by property of the State of Illinois Law and Procedure. Article 16B of Illinois Criminal TO RENEW, CALL (217) 333-8400. at Urbana-Champaign University of Illinois Library SEP 18 FEB 7 2007 due date When renewing by phone, write new below previous due date. PUBLIC OPINION IN SEMISOVEREIGN GERMANY Office of West European Studies Published in conjunction with the OFFICE OF INTERNATIONAL PROGRAMS AND STUDIES PUBLIC OPINION IN SEMISOVEREIGN GERMANY The HICOG Surveys, 1949-1955 Edited by ANNA J. MERRITT and RICHARD L. MERRITT With a Foreword by LEO P. CRESPI UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS PRESS Urbana Chicago London © 1980 by the Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois Manufactured in the United States of America Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Merritt, Anna J Public opinion in seniisovereign Germany. Part 2 consists of summaries by the authors of the unpublished reports prepared by the Reactions Analysis Staff, Office of the U. S. High Commissioner for Germany. Continues the authors' Public opinion in occupied Germany. Includes bibUographical references and index. 1. Public opinion-Germany, West. I. Merritt, Richard L., joint author. II. United States. Office of High Commissioner for Germany. Reactions Analysis Staff. 111. Title. HM2bl.M49 301.15'4'0943 78-20995 ISBN 0-252-00731-X For Christopher, GcolTrey, and Tlico —continuing their nmlticulturul journey CONTENTS Acknowledgments xxi Foreword by Leo P. Crespi xxiii List of Abbreviations xxvii PART I: POLITICAL PERSPECTIVES IN SEMISOVEREIGN GERMANY THE HICOG SURVEYS 4 COMING TO TERMS WITH NAZISM 6 Views of the Nazi Past 6 Nazi System 7 World War II 8 Treatment of Jews 9 Removing the Remnants of Nazism 10 War Crimes Trials 10 Denazification 11 Organizations 11 FROM FOREIGN OCCUPATION TO INDEPENDENCE 12 Federal Republic 12 Federal Government 13 Parties and Elections 15 Konrad Adenauer 17 Rearmament 19 Militarism 19 An Independent German Military 20 Atlantic Pact 20 West European Army 22 Rearmament under NATO 23 GERMANY IN THE WORLD 23 West German Foreign Relations 23 Between East and West 24 Reunification 25 West Europe 30 East German Perspectives 31 Interviewing East Germans 32 Life in the GDR 33 The West 34 American Information Policy 35 Press 37 Radio 38 U.S. Information Centers 39 POLITICAL PERSPECTIVES IN SEMISOVEREIGN GERMANY: A BALANCE SHEET 40 viii/Contents PART II: THE HICOG SURVEYS 1. The State of German Nationalism Following 53 the Founding of the West German Republic (30 December 1949) 2. Readers' Evaluation of the U.S. Overt Publications 55 (6 January 1950) 3. West German Republic vs. East German Government: 55 Some Evaluations and Comparisons (18 January 1950) 4. RIAS and Its Listeners in Western Berlin (8 Feb- 56 ruary 1950) 5. West Berliners Appraise Present Economic and 57 Political Situation (20 February 1950) 6. The German Public Views the Conduct of the U.S. 58 Occupation Forces (6 March 1950) 7. The German Public Views the CARE Organization 58 (6 March 1950) 8. Reactions toward the Wijrttemberg-Baden Denazi- 59 fication Affair (17 March 1950) 9. German Attitude toward an Army and Military 59 Training (17 March 1950) 10. Germans View the U.S. Reorientation Program: 60 I. Extent of Receptivity to American Ideas (30 March 1950) 11. Germans View the U.S. Reorientation Program: 61 II. Reactions to American Democratization Efforts (30 March 1950) 12. Germans View the U.S. Reorientation Program: 62 III. Opinions on the Cultural Exchange Program (30 March 1950) 13. Implications of the H-Bomb in the East-West Struggle 62 (1 April 1950) 14. Readership of Heute and Other Illustrated Period- 63 icals (4 April 1950) 15. The German Public Assays Political Democracy 64 (24 April 1950) 16. Reactions and Recommendations of West Berliners 64 in Face of Prospective Whitsuntide March (28 April 1950) 17. Attitudes of Students at Erlangen and Munich 65 Universities (30 April 1950) 17-S. Trends in German Public Opinion: 1946 through 66 1949 (May 1950) 18. West Germans View the East-West Struggle: 68 I. General Evaluations and Extent of Allegiance to the West (19 May 1950) 19. West Germans View the East-West Struggle: 69 II. Trends and Current Attitudes on Withdrawal of the Occupying Powers (22 May 1950) 20. West Germans View the East-West Struggle (25 May 70 1950): III. Defense of Western Germany 21. Views of the German Public in the U.S. Zone on 71 Chancellor Adenauer's Proposal of a Franco-German Union (31 May 1950) Contents/ix 22. The Problem of Unemployment in Western Germany: 71 I. German Appraisal of Its Causes and Conse- quences (5 June 1950) 23. The Problem of Unemployment in Western Germany: 72 II. Comparative Views of the Bavarian Unemployed and the Bavarian and U.S. Zone Public (5 June 1950) 23-S. Reactions of a Munich Movie Audience to an Animated 73 Film Based on the Races of Mankind (14 June 1950) 24. German Youth in Five Cities Give Their Impression 73 of the Supplement Jugend in der Freien Welt (30 June 1950) 25. Post Mortem on the Whitsuntide March: A Survey of 74 West Berliners' Evaluations (6 July 1950) 26. Trends and Current Attitudes Regarding the "Voice 74 of America" Broadcasts (26 July 1950) 27. Trend in German Opinions on Socialization of 75 Industry (27 July 1950) 28. Trends in Opinions on the West German Federal 76 Republic (31 July 1950) 28-S. Rumors in West Germany Following the Korean Out- 77 break (51 July 1950) 29. German Reactions to the American-Sponsored Newsreel 77 Welt im Film (4 August 1950) 30. Have , the Western Occupying Powers Furthered or 78 Hindered German Reconstruction? (8 August 1950) 31. Trends in Awareness and Patronage of the U.S. 78 Information Centers in the U.S. Zone, West Berlin, and Bremen (8 August 1950) 32. Germans View the Korean Outbreak: I. Urban Trends 79 in U.S. Occupied Areas (14 August 1950) 33. Germans View the Korean Outbreak: II. Urban 80 Opinions in West Germany (23 August 1950) 34. A Summary of Trends in Radio Listening in West 81 Berlin (28 August 1950) 34-S. Further Study of Post-Korean Rumors in Germany 81 (29 August 1950) 35. Observers Evaluate Effectiveness of Communist Press 82 in West Germany (8 September 1950) 36. The Question of Remilitarization in Western 82 Germany (15 September 1950) 37. Germans, View the Korean Outbreak: III. Overall 83 Opinions and Group Differences in the U.S. Occu- pied Areas (28 September 1950) 38. German Youth View the American Program: I. Some 84 General Evaluations (9 October 1950) 39. The Effectiveness of the ERP Information Program 85 in Western Germany (12 October 1950) 40. German Youth View the American Program: II. Amer- 86 ican Reorientation Efforts (23 October 1950) 41. German Youth View the American Program: III. The 87 "Voice of America" and General Radio (23 October 1950) 42. German Youth View the American Program: IV. Aware- 87 ness and Patronage of Amerika Hauser among Youth (25 October 1950) x/Contents 43. German Youth View the American Program: V. 88 Audience of U.S. Overt Magazines and U.S. Docu- mentary Film Program (25 October 1950) 44. German Youth View the American Program: VI. The 88 German-American Exchange Program (30 October 1950) 45. Trend in Opinion on West German Remilitarization 89 (31 October 1950) 46. Germans View the Remilitarization Issue: Urban 89 Opinion in Western Germany (10 November 1950) 47. Germans View the Remilitarization Issue: Further 90 Findings and Some Limitations on Majority Approval (18 November 1950) 48. An Analysis of Possible Determinants of Opposition 91 to German Participation in the Defense of Europe (22 November 1950) 49. A Test of Reader Reaction to Third Reich and De- 93 featist Articles (27 November 1950) 50. German Youth View the American Program: VII. 94 Acceptance of Democratic Responsibility and Re- lated Political Issues (30 November 1950) 51. Germans View the Remilitarization Issue: Pre- 95 Election Trend and Further Findings (1 December 1950) 52. Germans View the Remilitarization Issue: New 96 Korean Trend and Further Analysis of Opposition (7 December 1950) 53. Germans View the Remilitarization Issue: Reac- 97 tions to Korean Reverses and Associated Issues (14 December 1950) 54. German Youth View the Adult Education System 98 (21 December 1950) 55. Germans View the Remilitarization Issue: Year- 98 End Developments and the Present Status of Neutralism (28 December 1950) 56. West German Opinions on Political Parties and 99 Election Issues (29 December 1950) 57. Germans View the Remilitarization Issue: Has 101 Western Policy Changed on German Militarism?-- and Present-Day Attitudes on Nuremberg (12 Jan- uary 1951) 58. Germans View the Remilitarization Issue: Further 102 Trends on Neutralism, Defense Participation, and Associated Issues (18 January 1951) 59. Public Appraisal of Effectiveness of Communist 103 Activity in West Germany (25 January 1951) 60. New Light on German Neutrality Sentiments 103 (31 January 1951) 61. Defense Participation Sentiments and the Extent 104 of "Ohne Mich": With Other Current Developments on Issues Related to German Defense Participation (22 February 1951) 62. Franco-German Relations as Viewed by Residents of 105 the U.S. Zone, Berlin, and Bremen (28 February 1951) Contents/xi 63. West German Reactions to the Landsberg Decisions 106 (6 March 1951) 63-S.
Recommended publications
  • Behind the Berlin Wall.Pdf
    BEHIND THE BERLIN WALL This page intentionally left blank Behind the Berlin Wall East Germany and the Frontiers of Power PATRICK MAJOR 1 1 Great Clarendon Street, Oxford Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide in Oxford New York Auckland Cape Town Dar es Salaam Hong Kong Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Nairobi New Delhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto With offices in Argentina Austria Brazil Chile Czech Republic France Greece Guatemala Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal Singapore South Korea Switzerland Thailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnam Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries Published in the United States by Oxford University Press Inc., New York Patrick Major 2010 The moral rights of the author have been asserted Database right Oxford University Press (maker) First published 2010 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organization. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above You must not circulate this book in any other binding or cover and you must impose the same condition on any acquirer British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Data available Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Major, Patrick.
    [Show full text]
  • Felfe, Heinz Vol. 4 0002
    N. DECLASSIFIED AND RELEASED BY CENTRAL WELL IGENCEAGENCY SOURCESMETHODSEXEMPT ION 3B2E NAZI WAR CR IMES DI SCLOSURE AC1 flATE 2005 I;.. 4 CIANWTATIOS ACTION SECRET DISPATCH pram RR NORM C .f, BE; Chief, Bonn Element, Frankfurt; c !r, BOB; Chisf4AME__ , No INOcac,NO atOUIRED CDLV ONAL.C.10 C_Arf_) of BIlit19114.. German: . --- x X CAN nmo • Chief, Bonn Oparations. Base EC-4 fr. c". kJI g74-8, koolorouu SUMOrcr • Transmittal of 2fY Annual Counterespionage Report for 1963 a PEOWIMO RCEUI,E1 FY/ 1. Forwarded herewith for your information and retention are 2 ccO e s (If the English translation of the STV r.nnual roport entiticd Results of Counterempionage in 1963. 2. We defer to Headquarters for the indexing of names found in the report. Approved[ mou maul 47MCI Alfa NW rIlla Rttta ftla 1 .00.04PPOmon 1 tG10 thAf =LONE ro { tttohment (0/..w)s MA LANT KVAPO 1 a i noted :".74 JO Mi0111101ATJ SOURCE SYMBOL FILE RI VIACII 14 WWI 141D•if Distribution, C/EE w/att (5 aye) 2 - Bonn Element Frankfurt w/att ( 1 gY) 2 - C/BOB w/att (1 oy) 2 - C/MOB w/att (1 01) RECOa COPY 1 - COS/G/B w/o att 1 - COS/0/F w/o att SOURCE VW. Fitt, GROUP 1 CS CPI a Excluded from automatio downgrading and deolasaification - DISPATCH 111-4.10-07.-iNO-0.47.441R OAT EONA -20479 3 December 1964 auauw..”0., Tiig5-13m/S SECRET BIT Cl Report. 33Lib ATT. cid-77964)6A 1 ESNA- Y 7? esnm-asim - ;AASL/s# A rie-ileaL/Mod oF BPI/ AA/A/aim gEeier EA/Tin-ED - Aesee-rs OF crimi7Exe5P/o/v/96( >mg /96.3.
    [Show full text]
  • The Friedland Refugee Transit Camp As Regulating Humanitarianism, 1945-1960
    “GATEWAY TO FREEDOM”: THE FRIEDLAND REFUGEE TRANSIT CAMP AS REGULATING HUMANITARIANISM, 1945-1960 DEREK JOHN HOLMGREN A dissertation submitted to the faculty at the University of North Carolina in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of History. Chapel Hill 2015 Approved by: Konrad H. Jarausch Christopher R. Browning Chad Bryant Tobias Hof Donald J. Raleigh © 2015 Derek John Holmgren ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii ABSTRACT Derek John Holmgren: “Gateway to Freedom”: The Friedland Refugee Transit Camp as Regulating Humanitarianism, 1945-1960 (Under the direction of Konrad H. Jarausch) Using the refugee transit camp located in Friedland, Lower Saxony as a case study, this dissertation examines the efforts in West Germany to aid and resettle millions of persons displaced during and after World War II. These uprooted populations included foreign victims of the Nazi regime (forced laborers, prisoners of war, and concentration camp survivors), Germans evacuated from bombed-out cities, Germans fleeing or expelled from from Eastern Europe, and German soldiers who were demobilized and released from prisoner of war camps. Established by order of the British military government in September 1945, the camp at Friedland functioned as the lynchpin for a system designed to collect, aid, register, and resettle displaced populations as quickly as possible. As such, this study describes the operation of the camp as a regulating form of humanitarianism that not only aided refugees with food, shelter, and medical services, but also turned unmanageable masses into settled individuals with claims on the postwar welfare state. Between 1945 and 1960, the camp processed over 2.1 million individuals.
    [Show full text]
  • Berlin Wall : a World Divided, 1961-1989
    THE BERLIN WALL A WORLD DIVIDED, 1961-1989 Frederick Taylor Contents FOREWORD v SAND 1 1 MARSH TOWN 3 2 REDS 18 3 `IT MUST LOOK DEMOCRATIC, BUT WE MUST HAVE EVERYTHING IN OUR HANDS' 30 4 BLOCKADE 50 BLOOD 63 5 `DISSOLVE THE PEOPLE AND ELECT ANOTHER' 65 6 THE CROWN PRINCES 91 7 WAG THE DOG 112 8 OPERATION `ROSE' 131 WIRE 165 9 BARBED-WIRE SUNDAY 167 10 PRISONERS 186 11 `THAT BASTARD FROM BERLIN' 202 CEMENT 235 12 WALL GAMES 237 PHOTOGRAPHIC INSERT 13 HIGH NOON IN THE FRIEDRICHSTRASSE 269 14 BREAK-OUTS 290 15 `ICH BIN EIN BERLINER' 334 MONEY 353 16 THE SURREAL CAGE 355 17 ENDGAME 380 18 THE WALL CAME TUMBLING DOWN 404 AFTERWORD 429 NOTES 450 BIBLIOGAPHY 482 INDEX 490 ABOUT THE AUTHOR PRAISE COVER COPYRIGHT ABOUT THE PUBLISHER FOREWORD THE BARBED-WIRE BEGINNINGS of the Berlin Wall on 13 August 1961 divided, overnight and with savage finality, families, friends, and neighborhoods in what had until 1945 been the thriving, populous capital of Germany. Streets, subway lines, rail links, even apartment houses, sewers, and phone lines, were cut and blocked. The Wall represented a uniquely squalid, violentÐand, as we now know, ultimately futileÐepisode in the post-war world. The subsequent international crisis over Berlin, which was especially intense during the summer and autumn of '61, threatened the world with the risk of a military conflictÐone that seemed as if it could escalate at any time to a terrifying nuclear confrontation between the US and the Soviet Union. How did it come to this? In 1945, the victors of World War IIÐthe USA, the Soviet Union, Britain, and by special dispensation the FrenchÐhad divided Germany into four Zones of Occupation and its capital, Berlin, into four Sectors.
    [Show full text]
  • Impact Assessment on the Internalisation of External Costs
    COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES Brussels, SEC(2008) 2208 COMMISSION STAFF WORKING DOCUMENT accompanying the COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, THE COUNCIL, THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMITTEE AND THE COMMITTEE OF THE REGIONS Strategy for an internalisation of external costs and the Proposal for a DIRECTIVE OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL amending Directive 1999/62/EC on the charging of heavy goods vehicles for the use of certain infrastructures Impact assessment on the internalisation of external costs {COM(2008) 435} {COM(2008) 436} {SEC(2008) 2209} EN EN COMMISSION STAFF WORKING DOCUMENT Impact assessment on the internalisation of external costs accompanying the proposal for a directive amending Directive 1999/62/EC on the charge of heavy goods vehicles for the use of certain infrastructures (COM(2008)aaa) and a Communication on the internalisation of external costs (COM(2008)bbb) {SEC(2008) ccc} {SEC(2008) ddd} Lead DG: TREN Other involved services: ECFIN, EMPL, ENTR, ENV, SG, JRC, TAXUD Agenda planning or WP reference: TREN/2008/023, TREN/2008/73 Executive summary When amending Directive 1999/62/EC on charging heavy goods vehicles (HGV) for the use of infrastructure in May 2006, the European Parliament and the Council stated1 that: “No later than 10 June 2008, the Commission shall present, after examining all options including environment, noise, congestion and health-related costs, a generally applicable, transparent and comprehensible model for the assessment of all external costs to serve as the basis for future calculations of infrastructure charges”. The amending Directive adds that: “This model shall be accompanied by an impact analysis of the internalisation of external costs for all modes of transport and a strategy for a stepwise implementation of the model for all modes of transport.
    [Show full text]
  • East Germany Is Sealed Off from the West
    Volume 9. Two Germanies, 1961-1989 A Neutral’s Description of the Building of the Wall (August 14, 1961) A Swiss correspondent describes the erection of a barrier through the former German capital, analyzes the consequences of halting the stream of East German refugees to the West, and speculates about the Wall’s potential to aggravate the international crisis surrounding Berlin’s Four-Power status. The GDR is Being Cordoned off from the West Soviets Violate the Four-Power Agreements on Berlin Escape routes out of the Soviet Zone are blocked off Tel. by our correspondent O.F. Berlin, August 13 Last night, in a despotic act, the Pankow1 regime destroyed the central element of the Four- Power status of Berlin and the agreements concluded by the Four Powers after the lifting of the Berlin blockade, agreements that provide for freedom of movement within the four sectors of the city, free choice of workplace, and the free flow of traffic from the Soviet zone to Berlin. At the same time, the interior minister, the transportation minister, and the head of the administration in the Soviet sector, passed unilateral resolutions, whereby the citizens of the GDR and the residents of East Berlin are prevented from entering the Western sector of the city without an authorization issued by the People’s Police [Volkspolizei] precinct responsible for their respective residential district. The 60,000 cross-border commuters in East Berlin and in the peripheral areas of Berlin that belong to the Soviet zone are prohibited from continuing to engage in employment in West Berlin.
    [Show full text]
  • A Critical Evaluation of the American
    Destroying Weapons of Coal, Air and Water: A Critical Evaluation of the American Policy of German Industrial Demilitarization 1945-1952 Inauguraldissertation zur Erlangung des Grades eines Doktors der Philosophie dem Fachbereich Gesellschaftswissenschaften und Philosophie der Philipps-Universität Marburg vorgelegt von Oliver Haller aus Kitchener, Ontario, Kanada 2005 Vom Fachbereich Gesellschaftswissenschaften und Philosophie als Dissertation angenommen am: 07. Dezember 2005 Tag der Disputation: 05. Juli 2006 Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. Wilfried von Bredow Prof. Dr. Theo Schiller ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am grateful for the help given me by numerous persons. Like every author, I am indebted to many librarians and especially the archivists in Bonn, Berlin, and elsewhere. The Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada helped me financially. My advisor granted much needed assistance. But I would like to thank Claudia above all others. All errors are my own. December, 2006 TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS............................................................................................. ii LIST OF TABLES............................................................................................................ vi INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................. 1 0.1 Opening and Thesis Statements................................................................................. 1 0.2 Historiography and Methodology.............................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • 20Th Annual Report of the Bank for International Settlements
    BANK FOR INTERNATIONAL SETTLEMENTS TWENTIETH ANNUAL REPORT 1st APRIL 1949 — 31st MARCH 1950 BASLE 12th June 1950 TABLE OF CONTENTS , . Page I. Introduction 5 Introductory remarks (p. 5), twenty years of the B.I.S. from 1930 to 1950 (p. 6), the Bank's activities since the war (p. 17) II. The Significance of Mounting Production 22 Industrial production (pp. 22 and 32), certain critical stages (p. 22), Marshall aid (p. 25), productive efforts of the western European countries (p. 26), the effect of Marshall aid in increasing investments or strengthening reserves in the recipient countries (p. 29), increased requirements of materials, capital and labour for repair of war damage (p. 34) : U.S.S.R. (p. 34), Poland (p. 34), Hungary (p. 35), Norway (p. 35), Netherlands (p. 36), Belgium (p. 36), France (p. 37), Italy (p. 37), Germany (p. 37), United Kingdom (p. 38) — income of Europe from foreign investments (p. 39), increase in defence expenditure of most countries (p. 40), the serious interference with the normal pattern of trade (p. 42), east-west European trade (p. 42), reorientation of western Germany's trade (p, 43), triangular trade via south-eastern Asia (p. 46), general problem of overcoming the disorganisation brought about by the war (p. 48) III. Return to a Balanced System 50 Balance between government revenue and expenditure (p. 50) : in Belgium (p. 51), France (p. 51), Italy (p. 52), United Kingdom (p. 54), Norway (p. 55), Sweden (p. 56), Denmark (p. 56), Netherlands (p. 57), Switzerland (p. 58), western Germany (V- 59^7 A<^inafp^u);Gtedhosiovskiz (p.
    [Show full text]
  • The Genres of Europeanization — Moving Towards the New Heimatfilm
    THE GENRES OF EUROPEANIZATION | MOVING TOWARDS THE NEW HEIMATFILM by Yvonne Franke B.A. equivalent, German Literature, University of Augsburg, Germany, 2003 M.A., German Studies, University of Pittsburgh, 2006 M.A., German Literature, University of Augsburg, Germany, 2007 Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Kenneth P. Dietrich School of Arts & Sciences in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Pittsburgh 2013 UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH DEPARTMENT OF GERMAN This dissertation was presented by Yvonne Franke It was defended on April 10, 2013 and approved by Randall Halle, Klaus W. Jonas Professor of German Film and Cultural Studies, Department of German John B. Lyon, Associate Professor, Department of German Sabine von Dirke, Associate Professor, Department of German Lucy Fischer, Distinguished Professor of English and Film Studies, Department of English Dissertation Director: Randall Halle, Klaus W. Jonas Professor of German Film and Cultural Studies, Department of German ii Copyright c by Yvonne Franke 2013 iii THE GENRES OF EUROPEANIZATION | MOVING TOWARDS THE NEW HEIMATFILM Yvonne Franke, PhD University of Pittsburgh, 2013 This thesis explores the contemporary tensions between home and travel in German film as they transform under the influences of Europeanization and globalization. It refrains from viewing the Heimatfilm as a separate genre that has been predominantly understood as a local principle, whose foil is the travel and road film as allegedly more vital and mobile engagements with geo-political developments. Instead, Heimat is the overarching principle of my dissertation with the goal of formulating the New Heimatfilm as a hybrid genre comprising elements from the rural, urban and road film that demonstrate a conceptual shift within German film.
    [Show full text]
  • Berlin Handbook 1961-12-27.Pdf
    APPROVED FOR RELEASE DATE: OCT 2005 . .- . BERLIN HANDBOOK PREPARED BY OFFICEOF CURRENTINTELLIGENCE r< - I * 6, I ihiri Aceirirn UNCLASSIFIED I 1, a A HANDBOOWTHE BERLIN PROBLEM This handbook is intended as a factual study of Berlin. Its purpose is not to analyze Soviet intentions or estimate the future. While the factual data in this handbook includes the latest information available to the compilers, minor details such as pertain to the condition of access routes or border controls, are con- stantly changing. In its essentials, however, this study is believed to reflect accurately the current situation. -*?&?*- -*?&?*- . I 4 OCI No. 5772A/61 Copy No. 8 January 1962 ERRATA SHEET P. 41 - 1. 13 and 1. 33 "Table I" should read Table IV P. 44 - 1. 4 "Table 111" should read Table VI P. 10 - Add the following sentence to last paragraph: The Four Power Communiqu6 of 4 lay 1949, end- ing the blockade, provided that "all restric- tions...on communications, transportation and trade...will be removed.... ?? Also add to the list of Pertinent Documents the following: 12. Four Power Communique of 4 May 1949. Add Annex H, Pages 71 and 72, and The Index UNCLASSI F IE I I A HANDE3OOK7 THE BEFtLIN PROBLEM TABLE OF CONTENTS I. Allied and Bloc Positions 1-8 Soviet B BrPtish 3 French 4 West German 5 East German a 11. Legal Basis for the Western Presence in Berlin QiBO 111. The Berlin Wall 11-12 IV; West Berlin 13-26 Impact of the Wall 13 Legal Ties with Bonn 14 Allied Responsibilities 15 Berlin Role in Bonn Government 3.5 Federal Agencies in Berlin 1t6 Industry aa Stockpiles 18 Dependence on West Germany 20 made 20 West Berlin-West Germany Transportation 21 West Ber3.h SED 23 City Transportation 24 Steinstueeken 25 V.
    [Show full text]
  • The History of the Soviet Bloc 1945-1991
    THE HISTORY OF THE SOVIET BLOC 1945-1991 A Chronology PART I 1945-1952 EDITED BY Csaba Békés Cold War History ResEarch CEntEr Budapest 2012 THE HISTORY OF THE SOVIET BLOC 1945-1991 A Chronology PART I 1945-1952 EDITED BY Csaba Békés Assistant Editors David CATALAN, Neala HICKEY, Jasper NOOIJN, Emese NYITRAI, Levente NYITRAI, Bobbie SCHOEMAKER, Kristóf ZSIDI Contributors Diego BENEDETTI, Martyna BOJARSKA, Shira BORZAK, Lauren CRYSTAL, Botond CSELLE, Sonya COWELL, Péter János DARÁK, Nico DEGENKOLB, Kati DEPETRILLO, Doris DOMOSZLAI, Jacob FEYGIN, Lilla FÖRDŐS, Katarina GABIKOVA, Kristína GABIKOVA, Zsófia GÖDE, Gyöngyi GYARMATI, Ágnes HEVÉR, Zoltán HERKUTZ, Emily Jennifer HOLLAND, Connie IP, Alin IVASCU, Dean JOLLY, Annastiina KALLIUS, János KEMÉNY, András KISS, Annamária KÓTAY-NAGY, Réka KRIZMANICS, Andrej KROKOS, András Máté LÁZÁR, Zardas LEE, Karina LEGRADI, Tara LOTSTEIN, Cynthia MANCHA, Viktor NAGY, Jennifer OTTERSON, Linda RICHTER, Zita Bettina VASAS, Dániel VÉKONY, Péter VUKMAN, Patrick Stephen WAGER, Jonathon WOODRUFF Technical Assistance Lotta BADENHEUER, Petra LESKANICH Cold War History Research Center Budapest 2012 ISBN 978-963-12-7938-2 © Cold War History Research Center, 2012 Contents 1945 January ................................................................................................................................................. 1 February ............................................................................................................................................... 4 March ..................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • January 19, 1954 Central Intelligence Agency, NIE 12.4-54, Probable Developments in Eastern Germany Through 1955
    Digital Archive digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org International History Declassified January 19, 1954 Central Intelligence Agency, NIE 12.4-54, Probable Developments in Eastern Germany Through 1955 Citation: “Central Intelligence Agency, NIE 12.4-54, Probable Developments in Eastern Germany Through 1955,” January 19, 1954, History and Public Policy Program Digital Archive, Richelson, Jeffrey T., The Soviet Estimate: U.S. Analysis of the Soviet Union, 1947-1991 (Alexandria, V.A.: National Security Archive and Chadwyck-Healey Inc., 1995), document 00154.] http://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/document/110408 Summary: Estimating the current situation and probable developments in East Germany through 1955. Original Language: English Contents: English Transcription PROBABLE DEVELOPMENTS IN EASTERN GERMANY THROUGH 1955 NIE 12.4-54 Approved 19 January 1954 Published 22 January 1954 The Intelligence Advisory Committee concurred in this estimate on 19 January 1954. The FBI abstained, the subject being outside of its jurisdiction. The following member organizations of the Intelligence Advisory Committee participated with the Central Intelligence Agency in the preparation of this estimate: The intelligence organizations of the Departments of State, the Army, the Navy, the Air Force, and the Joint Staff. [Page Break] CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY PROBABLE DEVELOPMENTS IN EAST GERMANY THROUGH 1955 THE PROBLEM To estimate the current situation and probable developments in East Germany through 1955. CONCLUSIONS 1. We believe that the USSR regards its control over East Germany as essential to the pursuit of its aims in Germany and to the security of the Bloc. For the period of this estimate, the Kremlin will almost certainly not adopt policies or accept proposals which it believes would endanger that control.
    [Show full text]