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Singapore, July 2006
Library of Congress – Federal Research Division Country Profile: Singapore, July 2006 COUNTRY PROFILE: SINGAPORE July 2006 COUNTRY Formal Name: Republic of Singapore (English-language name). Also, in other official languages: Republik Singapura (Malay), Xinjiapo Gongheguo― 新加坡共和国 (Chinese), and Cingkappãr Kudiyarasu (Tamil) சி க யரச. Short Form: Singapore. Click to Enlarge Image Term for Citizen(s): Singaporean(s). Capital: Singapore. Major Cities: Singapore is a city-state. The city of Singapore is located on the south-central coast of the island of Singapore, but urbanization has taken over most of the territory of the island. Date of Independence: August 31, 1963, from Britain; August 9, 1965, from the Federation of Malaysia. National Public Holidays: New Year’s Day (January 1); Lunar New Year (movable date in January or February); Hari Raya Haji (Feast of the Sacrifice, movable date in February); Good Friday (movable date in March or April); Labour Day (May 1); Vesak Day (June 2); National Day or Independence Day (August 9); Deepavali (movable date in November); Hari Raya Puasa (end of Ramadan, movable date according to the Islamic lunar calendar); and Christmas (December 25). Flag: Two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and white; a vertical white crescent (closed portion toward the hoist side), partially enclosing five white-point stars arranged in a circle, positioned near the hoist side of the red band. The red band symbolizes universal brotherhood and the equality of men; the white band, purity and virtue. The crescent moon represents Click to Enlarge Image a young nation on the rise, while the five stars stand for the ideals of democracy, peace, progress, justice, and equality. -
Freedom House
7/14/2020 Slovakia | Freedom House FREEDOM IN THE WORLD 2020 Slovakia 88 FREE /100 Political Rights 36 /40 Civil Liberties 52 /60 LAST YEAR'S SCORE & STATUS 88 /100 Free Global freedom statuses are calculated on a weighted scale. See the methodology. TOP https://freedomhouse.org/country/slovakia/freedom-world/2020 1/15 7/14/2020 Slovakia | Freedom House Overview Slovakia’s parliamentary system features regular multiparty elections and peaceful transfers of power between rival parties. While civil liberties are generally protected, democratic institutions are hampered by political corruption, entrenched discrimination against Roma, and growing political hostility toward migrants and refugees. Key Developments in 2019 In March, controversial businessman Marian Kočner was charged with ordering the 2018 murder of investigative reporter Ján Kuciak and his fiancée. After phone records from Kočner’s cell phone were leaked by Slovak news outlet Aktuality.sk, an array of public officials, politicians, judges, and public prosecutors were implicated in corrupt dealings with Kočner. Also in March, environmental activist and lawyer Zuzana Čaputová of Progressive Slovakia, a newcomer to national politics, won the presidential election, defeating Smer–SD candidate Maroš Šefčovič. Čaputová is the first woman elected as president in the history of the country. Political Rights A. Electoral Process A1 0-4 pts Was the current head of government or other chief national authority elected through free and fair elections? 4 / 4 TOP Slovakia is a parliamentary republic whose prime minister leads the government. There is also a directly elected president with important but limited executive powers. In March 2018, an ultimatum from Direction–Social Democracy (Smer–SD), a https://freedomhouse.org/country/slovakia/freedom-world/2020 2/15 7/14/2020 Slovakia | Freedom House junior coalition partner, and center-right party Most-Híd, led to the resignation of former prime minister Robert Fico. -
Elections in the Western Balkans: Fragile Progress in Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Serbia
Elections in the Western Balkans: Fragile Progress in Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Serbia Graduate Policy Workshop January 2017 Authors Edward Atkinson, Nicholas Collins, Aparna Krishnamurthy, Mae Lindsey, Yanchuan Liu, David Logan, Ken Sofer, Aditya Sriraman, Francisco Varela Sandoval Advisor Jeff Fischer CONTENTS About the WWS Graduate Policy Workshop ........................................................................................iv Acknowledgements ..............................................................................................................................iv Introduction ........................................................................................................................................... 1 Albania ................................................................................................................................................... 2 Background and Context .................................................................................................................. 2 Description of Electoral and Political Processes and Institutions ................................................... 3 Electoral and Political Issues ............................................................................................................ 4 Electoral Process Vulnerabilities .......................................................................................................................... 4 Political Process Vulnerabilities ........................................................................................................................... -
BRIEF REVIEW of the WEATHER Percent of Normal in Much of Canterbury and As Low As 50 Percent of Normal in Coastal WINTER 1988 (Fig
Weather and Climate (1989) 9: 29-36 29 NEW ZEALAND WEATHER BRIEF REVIEW OF THE WEATHER percent of normal in much of Canterbury and as low as 50 percent of normal in coastal WINTER 1988 (Fig. 1) areas of North Otago. Rainfall for winter was above normal in The mean temperature for New Zealand, calculated from 7 indicator stations (one of central highcountry regions of the North Is- which goes back to 1853) was 9.1°C. This was land, Wanganui, Manawatu, along the west 1.0°C above normal and was the third highest coast of the South Island, in Southland, Otago recorded. The warmest winter was that of and inland highcountry areas of Canterbury. The wettest regions were Manawatu, South 1984 when 9.4°C was recorded. In some places Westland and inland areas of Southland and in central Otago and inland Canterbury mean temperatures were as high as 1.5-2°C above Otago, where rainfall totals ranged between normal. 150 and 190 percent of normal. It was drier than usual in all regions of New One of the major factors which contributed Zealand which were sheltered from the west to the warmer weather was that there were and south-west. Rainfall was less than 60 fewer periods of very cold southerly condi- .1.0 +0.6 —0,6 —1.0 SUNSHINE Pereentege of Normal (1061-00) Seimrture from Mks, 0051 -00) WINTER WINTER ((IV))TEMPERAXURE Nme Zei•land Meteorological Service Neer Unload Mettorotogmal Service 1 Fig. 1: Winter 1988. Rainfall (a) maps based on observations from 46 stations; temperature (b) departure maps based on observations from 43 stations; sunshine (c) based on observations from 33 stations. -
Regional Variation in New Zealand English Is Something of a Conundrum
Regional variation in NZ English Regional variation in New Zealand English is something of a conundrum. Although a dialect of the Southland/Otago region is well-known and documented (Bartlett 1992, 2003; Hay, Maclagan and Gordon 2008), linguists have yet to find concrete evidence of other regional New Zealand English dialects. Yet the general New Zealand public are often adamant that there are regional differences in how New Zealand English is spoken. Folklinguistic evidence of regional variation Studies dealing with societal attitudes towards and beliefs about a language are called folklinguistic studies. Folklinguistic studies (Gordon 1997; Nielsen and Hay 2005) show that New Zealanders do tend to believe that there are regional differences in New Zealand English but, when asked to provide information about these differences, comments usually refer to characteristics of the region or the people living in the region rather than aspects of the language itself. For example, a study by Nielsen and Hay (2005) invited University students to rate their perceptions of New Zealand English in different regions according to its ‘pleasantness' and 'correctness' and to annotate a map of New Zealand with comments about speech in different regions. Although regions were rated differently, the ratings appeared to be based on stereotypes of the regions in question, rather than on any identifiable linguistic differences. People tended to rate their own region more highly for pleasantness and correctness and notes on the map mainly consisted of stereotypical descriptions such as ‘official’ for Wellington and ‘farmer speech’ for Taranaki. This inability to identify specific linguistic features that differ from one geographical area to the next stands in contrast to New Zealanders’ awareness of a ‘rolled’, or rather postvocalic /r/, in Southland. -
Vexillum, June 2018, No. 2
Research and news of the North American Vexillological Association June 2018 No. Recherche et nouvelles de l’Association nord-américaine de vexillologie Juin 2018 2 INSIDE Page Editor’s Note 2 President’s Column 3 NAVA Membership Anniversaries 3 The Flag of Unity in Diversity 4 Incorporating NAVA News and Flag Research Quarterly Book Review: "A Flag Worth Dying For: The Power and Politics of National Symbols" 7 New Flags: 4 Reno, Nevada 8 The International Vegan Flag 9 Regional Group Report: The Flag of Unity Chesapeake Bay Flag Association 10 Vexi-News Celebrates First Anniversary 10 in Diversity Judge Carlos Moore, Mississippi Flag Activist 11 Stamp Celebrates 200th Anniversary of the Flag Act of 1818 12 Captain William Driver Award Guidelines 12 The Water The Water Protectors: Native American Nationalism, Environmentalism, and the Flags of the Dakota Access Pipeline Protectors Protests of 2016–2017 13 NAVA Grants 21 Evolutionary Vexillography in the Twenty-First Century 21 13 Help Support NAVA's Upcoming Vatican Flags Book 23 NAVA Annual Meeting Notice 24 Top: The Flag of Unity in Diversity Right: Demonstrators at the NoDAPL protests in January 2017. Source: https:// www.indianz.com/News/2017/01/27/delay-in- nodapl-response-points-to-more.asp 2 | June 2018 • Vexillum No. 2 June / Juin 2018 Number 2 / Numéro 2 Editor's Note | Note de la rédaction Dear Reader: We hope you enjoyed the premiere issue of Vexillum. In addition to offering my thanks Research and news of the North American to the contributors and our fine layout designer Jonathan Lehmann, I owe a special note Vexillological Association / Recherche et nouvelles de l’Association nord-américaine of gratitude to NAVA members Peter Ansoff, Stan Contrades, Xing Fei, Ted Kaye, Pete de vexillologie. -
Iceland 2020 Human Rights Report
ICELAND 2020 HUMAN RIGHTS REPORT EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Iceland is a constitutional parliamentary republic. The president is the head of state, and a prime minister, usually the leader of the largest party, is head of government. There is a unicameral parliament (Althingi). On June 27, voters reelected Gudni Thorlacius Johannesson president in a free and fair election. Parliamentary elections in 2017 were also considered free and fair. The national police maintain internal security. In addition, the Icelandic Coast Guard carries out general law enforcement duties at sea. The national police, the nine regional police forces, and the Coast Guard fall under the purview of the Ministry of Justice. The country has no military. Civilian authorities maintained effective control over police and the Coast Guard. There were no reports members of security forces committed abuses. There were no reports of significant human rights abuses. The government had mechanisms in place to identify and punish officials who commit human rights abuses. Section 1. Respect for the Integrity of the Person, Including Freedom from: a. Arbitrary Deprivation of Life and Other Unlawful or Politically Motivated Killings There were no reports that the government or its agents committed arbitrary or unlawful killings. The State Prosecutor’s Office investigates whether killings carried out by security forces are justifiable and the Independent Commission on Police investigates alleged police infractions. b. Disappearance There were no reports of disappearances by or on behalf of government authorities. c. Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman, or Degrading Treatment or Punishment ICELAND 2 The constitution and law prohibit such practices, and there were no reports that government officials employed them. -
The Rise of President Erdogan and the End of Kemalist Turkey
History in the Making Volume 11 Article 5 January 2018 Unconditional Surrender: The Rise of President Erdogan and the end of Kemalist Turkey Amelia Sullivan CSUSB Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/history-in-the-making Part of the Islamic World and Near East History Commons, and the Political History Commons Recommended Citation Sullivan, Amelia (2018) "Unconditional Surrender: The Rise of President Erdogan and the end of Kemalist Turkey," History in the Making: Vol. 11 , Article 5. Available at: https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/history-in-the-making/vol11/iss1/5 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the History at CSUSB ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in History in the Making by an authorized editor of CSUSB ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Articles Unconditional Surrender: The Rise of President Erdogan and the end of Kemalist Turkey By Amelia Sullivan Abstract: In October 1923, Mustafa Kemal, or Ataturk, became leader of Turkey. Over the next decade and a half, Kemal used his considerable political power to reform the nation. He modernized infrastructure, reorganized government, and led an aggressive campaign to westernize and secularize Turkish society. By the time Kemal passed in 1938, Turkey rose from the ashes of the Ottoman Empire and reestablished itself as a democracy. Almost eighty years later, Ataturk’s legacy is in jeopardy. In 2017, the Turkey held a constitutional referendum to radically restructure the nation’s government and place an unprecedented degree of power in the office of the presidency. -
Apfsos/Wp/05 in Depth Country Study
ASIA-PACIFIC FORESTRY SECTOR OUTLOOK STUDY WORKING PAPER SERIES Working Paper No: APFSOS/WP/05 IN DEPTH COUNTRY STUDY - NEW ZEALAND by Chris Brown Consultant FAO Forestry Planning and Statistics Branch Rome Forestry Policy and Planning Division, Rome Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific, Bangkok May 1997 Asia-Pacific Forestry Sector Outlook Study Working Paper Series No: 5 1 In Depth Country Study - New Zealand 2 Chris Brown The Asia-Pacific Forestry Sector Outlook Study is being undertaken under the auspices of the Asia-Pacific Forestry Commission. This report comes under Workplan Number D23 (iii). In Depth Country Study - New Zealand Asia-Pacific Forestry Sector Outlook Study Working Paper Series No: 5 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS INFORMATION NOTE ON ASIA-PACIFIC FORESTRY SECTOR OUTLOOK STUDY..................... i INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................1 CONTEXT ................................................................................................................................ 1 The New Zealand Economy and Economic Policy ......................................................................................... 1 Political Situation in New Zealand .................................................................................................................. 5 Social and Human Context for Forestry......................................................................................................... 6 THE NEW ZEALAND FOREST RESOURCE ....................................................................8 -
An Argument from Design
Raising the Standard: An Argument from Design Tony Burton Abstract The creative process and principles informing the design of some special purpose and other flags lead to conclusions for flag design in general. The dynamics of metaphor and shape- shifting are considered. The scope for greater pageantry and innovation in flag design is explored. Current national flags of complex or awkward design present a challenge. Possible remedies are suggested. To paraphrase a famous utterance, the known delivers the unknown, and as at least one national flag of recent vintage demonstrates, the unknown can lead to an unforeseen, but serendipitous result. Among the many instances of how not to design a flag, how to is more worthwhile. Vexillologists have higher standards. Proceedings of the 24th International Congress of Vexillology, Washington, D.C., USA 1–5 August 2011 © 2011 North American Vexillological Association (www.nava.org) 83 RAISING THE STANDARD: AN ARGUMENT FROM DESIGN Tony Burton Flags Australia Tony Burton—Raising the Standard 84 Proceedings of the 24th International Congress of Vexillology—2011 RAISING THE STANDARD: AN ARGUMENT FROM DESIGN INTRODUCTION FLAG DESIGN REALITIES GUIDELINES SOME CONGRESS FLAGS ICV 24 ICV 26 SHAPE-SHIFTING ICV 8 OTHER FLAGS CANADA BANGLADESH SURINAM(E) SOUTH AFRICA DESIGN CHANGE POSSIBILITIES MOZAMBIQUE CYPRUS DOMINICA ST VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES DESIGN ECONOMY AND A FUTURE FLAG AUSTRALIA EUREKA A CONSERVATIVE APPROACH RADICAL ORIGAMI A PARAGON OF DESIGN PRACTICAL GUIDELINES THE EUREKA MOMENT —A THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK NOTES BIBLIOGRAPHY APPENDIX A BANNER OF THE 26TH ICV SYDNEY 2015 APPENDIX B CANADA’S FLAG DESIGN QUEST Tony Burton—Raising the Standard 85 Proceedings of the 24th International Congress of Vexillology—2011 RAISING THE STANDARD: AN ARGUMENT FROM DESIGN INTRODUCTION Flags have evolved in many ways from the medieval models paraphrased in the title slide— and not always with their clarity and flair. -
Fact Sheet on National Identity 1. Background And
FACT SHEET ON NATIONAL IDENTITY 1. BACKGROUND AND OVERVIEW a) South Africa, like many African countries, emerged from an oppressive, divisive and colonial system which created a fragmented society. The country was divided by race, class, gender and other forms of segregation such as urban and rural settings. The rural areas were characterised by conditions of severe poverty, poor living conditions, landlessness, lack of opportunities to improve the lives of the majority people. The system fragmented the country into enclaves designed to foster ethnicity, linguistic and tribalism. The majority of the population were denied the right to representation in national government. Participation in all aspects of national life was reserved to a minority sector of the population. b) Nation building became a central focus after 1994 and to achieve this vision, national symbols of the new South Africa had to be established to convey identity of the country and its people as critical elements on national identity. c) Each and every country in the world has national symbols. The raising of the new flag always marks the birth of a new country. This also happened in South Africa in 1994 when this country marked the passage from the apartheid era into democracy. d) National symbols are not decorative artworks that adorn official letterheads and government buildings but are strong symbolic statements adopted by each country and its people as elements of national identity. 1.1. Expression Of Identity National symbols, such as the flag, become the brand image of a country. The flag, for example, becomes the face of the nation in world events such as Olympic. -
Aktiwiteit 5
A HERALDIC OVERVIEW OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN ARMY DURING TWENTY YEARS OF DEMOCRACY (1994-2014) by Marinda van der Nest (Student number 15308554) Submitted as a requirement for the degree MAGISTER HEREDITATIS CULTURAEQUE SCIENTIAE CULTURAL HISTORY In the Department of Historical and Heritage Studies University of Pretoria Faculty of Humanities Supervisor: Dr. Jackie Grobler February 2017 © University of Pretoria DECLARATION OF ORIGINALITY I do hereby wish to declare that the work contained in this dissertation is my own original work, that all sources used or quoted have been indicated and acknowledged by means of complete reference, and that this dissertation was not previously submitted by me or any other person at any other university for a degree. I further cede copyright to the University of Pretoria. _________________________ _________________ M. VAN DER NEST DATE i © University of Pretoria ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank the Department of Defence Logistic Support Formation for giving me the opportunity and support to conduct my research. A special word of thanks to Lt Col Eddie Watson of the Heraldry Section for his wealth of knowledge that he was willing to share with me and for his guidance and insightful contributions that I so appreciate. I would also like to thank my study supervisor Dr. Jackie Grobler for his willingness to take me on as student in his last year at the university. I appreciate all your time and effort to help me with my project. A very special word of thanks to my husband, Deon, who encouraged me, guided me, assisted me and was a wonderful help in editing my research document.