Reproductive Negligence
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Reproductive Injustice: Racism, Pregnancy, and Premature Birth W
Racism Is a Public Health Crisis History, Race, and Gynecology Maggie Unverzagt Goddard (she/her) Brown University Department of American Studies CDC Pregnancy Mortality Surveillance System From 2011 to 2016, the national mortality ratio for pregnancy-related deaths per 100,000 lives births per year was: 16.9 During 2011–2016, the pregnancy-related mortality ratios per 100,000 live births per year were: o 42.4 deaths for black non-Hispanic women o 30.4 deaths for American Indian/Alaskan Native non- Hispanic women o 14.1 deaths for Asian/Pacific Islander non-Hispanic women o 13.0 deaths for white non-Hispanic women o 11.3 deaths for Hispanic women During 2011–2016, the pregnancy-related mortality ratios per 100,000 live births per year were: o 42.4 deaths for black non-Hispanic women o 30.4 deaths for American Indian/Alaskan Native non- Hispanic women o 14.1 deaths for Asian/Pacific Islander non-Hispanic women o 13.0 deaths for white non-Hispanic women o 11.3 deaths for Hispanic women Current health disparities stem from a long history of racism in medicine. Contraceptive Trials in Puerto Rico 99% Invisible, “Repackaging the Pill” Laura Briggs, Race, Sex, Science, and U.S. Imperialism in Puerto Rico 76.6% African-American respondents believe that it is possible for a study like the USPHS Syphilis Study to happen again, according to a 2005 article in the Journal of the National Medical Association. Less than half of the white respondents agreed. As a specialty, gynecology developed out of slavery. -
“Why Do They Want to Make Me Suffer Again?” the Impact of Abortion Prosecutions in Ecuador
HUMAN “Why Do They Want to RIGHTS WATCH Make Me Suffer Again?” The Impact of Abortion Prosecutions in Ecuador “Why Do They Want to Make Me Suffer Again?” The Impact of Abortion Prosecutions in Ecuador Copyright © 2021 Human Rights Watch All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America ISBN: 978-1-62313-919-3 Cover design by Rafael Jimenez Human Rights Watch defends the rights of people worldwide. We scrupulously investigate abuses, expose the facts widely, and pressure those with power to respect rights and secure justice. Human Rights Watch is an independent, international organization that works as part of a vibrant movement to uphold human dignity and advance the cause of human rights for all. Human Rights Watch is an international organization with staff in more than 40 countries, and offices in Amsterdam, Beirut, Berlin, Brussels, Chicago, Geneva, Goma, Johannesburg, London, Los Angeles, Moscow, Nairobi, New York, Paris, San Francisco, Sydney, Tokyo, Toronto, Tunis, Washington DC, and Zurich. For more information, please visit our website: http://www.hrw.org JULY 2021 ISBN: 978-1-62313-919-3 “Why Do They Want to Make Me Suffer Again?” The Impact of Abortion Prosecutions in Ecuador Summary ........................................................................................................................... 1 Key Recommendations ....................................................................................................... 8 To the Presidency ................................................................................................................... -
Cracks in the Cost Structure of Agency Adoption
Louisiana State University Law Center LSU Law Digital Commons Journal Articles Faculty Scholarship 2011 Cracks in the Cost Structure of Agency Adoption Andrea B. Carroll Louisiana State University Law Center, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.law.lsu.edu/faculty_scholarship Part of the Family Law Commons, and the Tax Law Commons Repository Citation Carroll, Andrea B., "Cracks in the Cost Structure of Agency Adoption" (2011). Journal Articles. 185. https://digitalcommons.law.lsu.edu/faculty_scholarship/185 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Faculty Scholarship at LSU Law Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal Articles by an authorized administrator of LSU Law Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. CRACKS IN THE COST STRUCTURE OF AGENCY ADOPTION • ANDREA B. CARROLL I. INTRODUCTION It is no longer a secret. Domestic adoption is big business. 1 "Baby 2 selling" has long been vilified and remains unlawful. However, a close examination of the cash that changes hands in the garden-variety domestic adoption would make it difficult for most people to tell the difference. 3 Prospective adoptive parents pay agencies and lawyers exceptional sums to identify and locate birth parents that are willing to relinquish their parental 4 rights. Hospital and delivery charges, often not covered by private Copyright© 2011, Andrea B. Carroll. • C.E. Laborde, Jr. Professor of Law, Louisiana State University, Paul M. Hebert Law Center. I thank the Capital University Law Review for the opp ortunity to present an earlier version of this piece at its 6th Annual Wells Conference on Adoption Law. -
OA Annual Report 2008
1 Annual Report 2008 Contents A Letter from the Founder and President page 3 Where we Work page 4 ! History and Philosophy page 5 Objectives page 6 Our Work in 2008 page 7-17 Project Plans 2009 page 17-18 Financial Statements page 19-21 Operating Teams page 22-24 Donors and Collaborators page 25 2 A letter from The preferred solution, given that the best possible the founder environment for children is generally with their families, is to try to prevent children from being and president separated from their families in the first place. Experience shows that simple and cost-effective To our Collaborators, Contributors, and Friends, support provided in a timely fashion to households reduces the institutionalization of children. The OrphanAid Africa team is thankful to all our friends, volunteers and especially donors for their In Ghana specifically, the Care Reform Initiative, continued support. You have helped us achieve spearheaded by OrphanAid Africa alongside the important milestones such as the transformation of Department of Social Welfare and other partners, our community wards program as the center of our has begun the de-institutionalization process. The activities in 2008. OrphanAid Africa was the first intended project results include the following: NGO in Ghana to set up a program such as this, • Ghana will use institutionalization as a last resort which places and supports orphans and vulnerable for OVCs, preferring the use of social support children (OVC) in foster or kinship care in the systems such as cash transfers to promote in- community so they can develop in a family family care. -
Foster Parenting As Work
Foster Parenting as Work Hannah Romant ABSTRACT: Foster parents play two vital roles in the modem child welfare system. A foster parent is a caregiver for the child as well as a member of a team working to provide appropriate services and support to the child and to the family of origin. Despite the importance of each of these roles, however, and unlike other members of the team, foster parents are not compensated for their labor. Treatment of foster parents as volunteers is rooted in both legal theory and doctrine. As a theoretical matter, foster parents are equated with biological parents, whose labor is uncompensated. Just as caregiving for family members is assumed to be given without expectation of any reward beyond familial affection, foster parents' caregiving is treated as a gift, and its value as a public good goes unrecognized. As a doctrinal matter, the child welfare system distinguishes foster parents, who are lay people, from professionals such as social workers, therapists, lawyers, and judges. The professional members of the team are assumed, by virtue of their training and education, to possess expertise for which they should be compensated, but foster parents are assumed to lack expertise. As a result, foster parents' labor is devalued and their expertise goes unrecognized, making it a challenge to recruit and retain committed foster parents and to ensure that children receive the skilled care they deserve. Neither family law scholars examining the child welfare system nor feminist legal theorists contemplating the value of care work have addressed this problem. This Article demonstrates that foster parenting should be treated as work and compensated as such. -
Contraception and Abortion: a Utilitarian View
Contraception and Abortion: A Utilitarian View Leslie Allan Published online: 13 September 2015 Copyright © 2015 Leslie Allan Conservative and liberal approaches to the problem of abortion are oversimplified and deeply flawed. Accepting that the moral status of the conceptus changes during gestation, the author advances a more sophisticated and nuanced perspective on contraception and abortion policy. He also critically questions the moral relevance of the conceptus’ membership of the human species and reviews other crucial meta-ethical presuppositions to bolster his case. Through applying a form of rules in practice utilitarianism within the context of overall population policy, he provides a compelling ethical and legal framework for regulating contraception and abortion practices. To cite this essay: Allan, Leslie 2015. Contraception and Abortion: A Utilitarian View, URL = <http://www.RationalRealm.com/philosophy/ethics/contraception-abortion-utilitarian-view.html> To link to this essay: www.RationalRealm.com/philosophy/ethics/contraception-abortion-utilitarian-view.html Follow this and additional essays at: www.RationalRealm.com This article may be used for research, teaching, and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution, reselling, loan, sublicensing, systematic supply, or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. Terms and conditions of access and use can be found at www.RationalRealm.com/policies/tos.html Leslie Allan Contraception and Abortion: A Utilitarian View 1. Introduction -
Ch. 781] Acts of Assembly 1
CH. 781] ACTS OF ASSEMBLY 1 Item Details($) Appropriations($) ITEM 1. First Year Second Year First Year Second Year FY2005 FY2006 FY2005 FY2006 Department of Social Services (765) 357. Protective Services (45300)................................................ $141,637,137 $153,078,117 $144,487,137 $156,428,117 Foster Care (45301) ............................................................ $84,694,217 $91,745,105 $85,444,217 $92,495,105 Protection of Children and Youths (45302) ...................... $7,694,401 $7,694,401 $8,969,401 $9,469,401 Financial Assistance for Child and Youth Services (45303) ................................................................................ $47,298,371 $51,688,463 $48,123,371 $52,513,463 Comprehensive Services Act Administration (45305) ...... $1,950,148 $1,950,148 Fund Sources: General........................................................ $69,122,493 $75,793,063 $76,293,063 Special......................................................... $812,980 $812,980 Federal Trust............................................... $71,701,664 $76,472,074 $74,551,664 $79,322,074 Authority: Title 63.1, Chapters 3, 10, 10.1, 10.2, 11.1, 11.2, 12.1, and 18, Code of Virginia; P.L. 100-294, P.L. 101-126, P.L. 101-226, P.L. 105-89, as amended, Federal Code. A. Out of the amount for Financial Assistance for Child and Youth Services, $575,000 from the general fund and $400,000 from nongeneral funds the first year and $575,000 from the general fund and $400,000 from nongeneral funds the second year shall be provided for the purchase of services for victims of domestic violence, child abuse and neglect prevention activities as stated in §§ 63.2-1502.3 and 63.2-1615, Code of Virginia, in accordance with regulations promulgated by the Board of Social Services. -
Public Servants and Private Fiduciaries
PUBLIC SERVANTS AND PRIVATE FIDUCIARIES PARENTS: TRUSTED BUT NOT TRUSTEES OR (FOSTER) PARENTS AS FIDUCIARIES MARGARET F. BRINIG∗ In April of 2010, the mass media was full of accounts of a seven-year-old Russian boy, Artyom (whose adoptive name is Justin), who had been returned to Moscow on his own by an American adoptive mother who felt unable to care for him. The mother, Torry Hansen, alleged that her family was afraid of the boy, specifically because he had threatened to burn their house down around them and had drawn pictures of it in flames.1 She paid for someone to meet the child once he landed and had her mother deliver him to the gate before his ten hour flight.2 While there could be many reasons for disquiet on hearing the story – not the least of which was putting that young a child onto a lengthy international flight unescorted – this Conference suggests that we pay attention to our feelings that Ms. Hansen at least attempted to do something that parents cannot: to give back a child.3 ∗ Fritz Duda Family Professor of Law, Notre Dame Law School. 1 See, e.g., Clifford J. Levy, Adopted Boy, 7, Is Sent Back, Outraging Russia, N.Y. TIMES, Apr. 10, 2010, at A1. 2 Id. The incident sparked great outrage in Russia, which temporarily suspended all U.S. adoptions. Id. They were apparently not halted, however. Clifford J. Levy, Adoptions From Russia Continue, Official Says, N.Y. TIMES, May 6, 2010, at A6. 3 As an article in the New York Times put it, “We do not know all the details. -
OREGON ADOPTION ASSISTANCE HANDBOOK for Questions About the Adoption Assistance Process, Please Call the Adoption Assistance Program at 503-947-1134
OREGON DEPARTMENT OF HUMAN SERVICES: CHILD WELFARE OREGON ADOPTION ASSISTANCE HANDBOOK For questions about the adoption assistance process, please call the Adoption Assistance Program at 503-947-1134. For questions about Social Security, please call 1-800-772-1213. For questions about medical coverage provided by Oregon, please call 1-800-273-0557 or 503-945-6801. Table of contents Program overview ...........................................................................................................................................1 About the Adoption Assistance Program ..................................................................................................2 Adoption assistance eligibility ......................................................................................................................4 Funding .............................................................................................................................................................6 Types of adoption assistance benefits ..........................................................................................................6 Negotiating adoption assistance ..................................................................................................................7 Adoption assistance application procedure ..............................................................................................9 Adoption Assistance Family Application (CF 0969B)........................................................................ 12 Early -
Au Pair Childcare, of Course. It's More Flexible Than Daycare and More
Au pair childcare, of course. It’s more flexible than daycare and more PAYINGaffordable than a nanny. FOR CHILDCARE How to fit the high cost of childcare into your family’s budget 1-800-333-6056 • CULTURALCARE.COM © COPYRIGHT 2016, CULTURAL CARE AU PAIR What is the right childcare solution worth to you? It’s probably worth quite a bit—after all, you value the well-being and health of your children more than anything else in the world. However, when considering childcare options, you probably have to take your budget into account, too, especially given the sharp rise in daycare costs over the years. So, how do you get the best value for your childcare dollars? This guide is designed to help you answer that question, given your family’s specific budget, needs and lifestyle. Included you will find: • Your childcare options and what they cost (including hidden costs and added value) • Five factors that will impact your childcare costs • Five ways to save on childcare costs • Childcare budget worksheet • Childcare quiz: which childcare solution is right for you? We hope you find this guide helpful and we wish you a successful search for the childcare solution that works best for your family. flexible hours one-on-one care ability to work happy children trusted caregiver socialization peace of mind $ “The Department of Health and Human Services considers spending 10 percent of a family’s income on childcare to be the benchmark of what is affordable. [Yet] for a married couple, the cost for an infant is more than 10 percent of median income in 38 states and DC, and the cost for a four-year-old exceeds that limit in 21 states and DC. -
Pecuniary Reparations Following National Crisis: a Convergence of Tort Theory, Microfinance, and Gender Equality
Brooklyn Law School BrooklynWorks Faculty Scholarship Fall 2009 Pecuniary Reparations Following National Crisis: A convergence of Tort Theory, Microfinance, and Gender Equality Anita Bernstein Brooklyn Law School, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://brooklynworks.brooklaw.edu/faculty Part of the Law and Gender Commons, Legislation Commons, Other Law Commons, and the Torts Commons Recommended Citation 31 U. Pa. J. Int'l L. 1 (2009-2010) This Article is brought to you for free and open access by BrooklynWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Scholarship by an authorized administrator of BrooklynWorks. ARTICLES PECUNIARY REPARATIONS FOLLOWING NATIONAL CRISIS: A CONVERGENCE OF TORT THEORY, MICROFINANCE, AND GENDER EQUALITY ANITA BERNSTEIN* 1. INTRODUCTION Numerous possible contexts can impel national governments to start reparations programs. From the array of possibilities, this Article focuses on reparations for the effects of a crisis that ravaged a whole nation-for example civil war, genocide, dictatorship, or apartheid -rather than on one discrete, odious deviation from the norms of a functioning democracy. Isolated incidents can generate urgent needs for repair, but the reparations under discussion in this Article presume a more fundamental ambition: a declaration of the nation's past as broken, and its future in need of mending.1 The government of a nation, acknowledging grave strife in its * Anita and Stuart Subotnick Professor of Law, Brooklyn Law School. My thanks to the New York Tort Theory Reading Group and the faculties of Emory, Washington University, and the Australian National University law schools for valuable comments on an earlier version of this Article. -
Abortion and Human Rights in Central America
Janus Head: Volume 17 Issue 1 9 Abortion and Human Rights in Central America Gabriela Arguedas-Ramírez Translated from Spanish to English by Gabriela Argueda-Ramírez and Allison B. Wolf Abstract This essay aims to show that the nations of Central America must create access to safe and legal abortion as well as promote a political dialogue on the subject that is based on reason and science, rather than religion. Not only does prohibiting abortion constitute a violation of women's human rights, but, based on international human rights law as well as the minimum duties of civil ethics, failing in to provide such access or dialogue would mean failing to meet the standards of a legitimate democratic state. Keywords: Abortion, Human Rights, Women, Democracy, Ethics, Central America Copyright © 2019 by Trivium Publications, Pittsburgh, PA All rights reserved. Janus Head: Volume 17 Issue 1 10 Introduction Complete bans of abortion constitute human rights violations, specifically of the human rights of pregnant women. In fact, there are no robust arguments from either the legal or ethical perspective to justify such bans. This is not simply my opinion. The doctrine and jurisprudence of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights, the European and the African human rights systems, and the human rights system of the United Nations, all maintain that the absolute criminalization of abortion is an irrational excess that lacks a basis within the international law of human rights. And, reports from the Convention for the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) 1 and the United Nations Human Rights Commission,2 all argue that the absolute criminalization of abortion constitutes an arbitrary obstruction of the fundamental rights of women.