Growing up in the UK – Ensuring a Healthy Future for Our Children I BMA Board of Science

53177 Growing up in the UK – Cover Page_Layout 1 18/04/2013 10:46 Page 1 GROWING UP IN THE UK THE IN UP GROWING ENSURING A HEALTHY FUTURE FOR OUR CHILDREN OUR FOR FUTURE HEALTHY A ENSURING GROWING UP IN THE UK ENSURING A HEALTHY FUTURE FOR OUR CHILDREN BMA Board of Science May 2013 BMA Board of Science Science of Board BMA £29.99 BMA Board of Science British Medical Association, BMA House Tavistock Square, London, WC1H 9JP bma.org.uk © British Medical Association, 2013 CODE: BMA 53177 / BOS BMA Board of Science GROWING UP IN THE UK ENSURING A HEALTHY FUTURE FOR OUR CHILDREN May 2013 Growing up in the UK – Ensuring a healthy future for our children i BMA Board of Science Editorial board A publication from the BMA Science and Education department and the Board of Science Chairman, Board of Science Professor Averil Mansfield Director of Professional Activities Professor Vivienne Nathanson Head of Science/Project Director Nicky Jayesinghe Deputy Head of Science George Roycroft Editor Grace Foyle Professor Vivienne Nathanson Contributor Penny Howes Editorial Secretariat Thomas Ellinas Hugh Garnett Darshna Gohil Emily Kell Rachael Panizzo Elizabeth Rough British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. ISBN: 978-0-9575831-0-8 Cover photograph: iStockphoto Printed by the BMA publications unit © British Medical Association – 2013 all rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, or stored in any retrieval system of any nature without written permission, except for permitted fair dealing under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or in accordance with terms of a licence issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency in respect of photocopying and/or reprographic reproduction. Application for permission for other use of copyright materials including permission to reproduce extracts in another published works shall be made to the publishers. Full acknowledgement of author, publisher and source must be given. ii Growing up in the UK – Ensuring a healthy future for our children BMA Board of Science Board of Science This report was prepared under the auspices of the Board of Science of the British Medical Association, whose membership for 2012/2013 was as follows: Baroness Professor Sheila Hollins President Dr Mark Porter Chair of Council Dr Kailash Chand Deputy Chair of Council Dr Steve Hajioff Chairman of the Representative Body Dr Andrew Dearden Treasurer Professor Averil Mansfield Chairman Dr Peter Dangerfield Dr Shreelata Datta Dr Lucy-Jane Davis Dr Louise Harding Dr Peter Maguire Mr Ram Moorthy Professor Michael Rees Dr Philip Steadman Dr Andrew Thomson Dr Beryl De Souza (deputy member) Approval for publication as a BMA policy report was recommended by the BMA Board of Professional Activities on 28 February 2013 and by UK BMA Council on 20 March 2013. The Board of Science, a standing committee of the BMA, provides an interface between the medical profession, the Government and the public. The Board produces numerous reports containing policies for national action by Government and other organisations, with specific recommendations and areas for action affecting the medical and allied professions. Growing up in the UK – Ensuring a healthy future for our children iii BMA Board of Science Acknowledgements The Association is grateful for the help provided by the BMA committees and outside experts and organisations. We would particularly like to thank: – Professor Sir Al Aynsley-Green Kt (Professor Emeritus of Child Health, University College London; Founder and Director Aynsley-Green Consulting) – Dr John Harvey (Co-Chair, Faculty of Public Health, Child Public Health Special Interest Group). Declaration of interest Declarations of interest for outside experts can be found in Appendix 1. For further information about the editorial secretariat or Board members please contact the BMA Science and Education Department, which holds a record of all declarations of interest: [email protected] iv Growing up in the UK – Ensuring a healthy future for our children BMA Board of Science Abbreviations This list only contains abbreviations used more than once in this report ADHD attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ARM Annual Representative Meeting ASD autistic spectrum disorders BFI baby friendly initiative BMI body mass index CAF Common Assessment Framework CAMHS child and adolescent mental health services CASH contraceptive and sexual health CB commissioning board CCG clinical commissioning group CEMACH Confidential Enquiry into Maternal and Child Health CHD coronary heart disease COMA Committee on Medical Aspects of Food and Nutrition Policy CQC Care Quality Commission DALY disability-adjusted life year DCD developmental coordination disorders DDA Disability Discrimination Act DCSF Department for Children, Schools and Families DfE Department for Education DWP Department for Work and Pensions DH Department of Health DHSSP Department of Health, Social Services and Public Safety EAR estimated average requirement ECM Every Child Matters EDCM Every Disabled Child Matters EHC education, health and care FASD fetal alcohol spectrum disorders FEV1 mean forced expiratory volume in one second FNP Family Nurse Partnership FRS Family Resources Survey GMC General Medical Council GP general practitioner HBAI Households Below Average Income HCP Healthy Child Programme HENRY Healthy Exercise and Nutrition in the Really Young HPSR health policy and systems research Growing up in the UK – Ensuring a healthy future for our children v BMA Board of Science IFS Infant Feeding Survey IGF insulin-like growth factor IQ intelligence quotient MAOA monoamine oxidase A MCS Millennium Cohort Study MIHL minimum income for healthy living MIS minimum income standard NCMP National Child Measurement Programme NDNS National Diet and Nutrition Surveys NFP Nurse Family Partnership NHS National Health Service NICE National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence NIDDM non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus NSF National Service Framework NSP non-starch polysaccharide NSPCC National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children NS-SEC National Statistics Socio-economic Classification OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Ofsted Office for Standards in Education, Children's Services and Skills PbR payment by results PCT primary care trust PSA public service agreement SACN Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition SEN special educational needs SGA small for gestational age SRE sex and relationship education SSLP Sure Start Local Programme UIC urinary iodine concentration UN United Nations UNCRC United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child UNICEF United Nations Children's Fund USA United States of America WFS welfare food scheme WHO World Health Organization vi Growing up in the UK – Ensuring a healthy future for our children BMA Board of Science Glossary Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a condition associated with inattentiveness, overactivity, impulsivity, or a combination. For these problems to be diagnosed, they must be out of the normal range for a child’s age and development. Child and adolescent mental health services: these are healthcare service-provided services for children. They provide a range of assessments and therapeutic interventions to promote the emotional and psychological wellbeing of children, young people and their families. Child protection: child protection work aims to prevent, respond and resolve the abuse, neglect, exploitation and violence experienced by children in all settings. Child protection services are statutory services coordinated by local authority children’s services. Child protection plan: a plan that contains details of how children’s services will check on the child's welfare, what changes are needed to reduce the risk to the child and what support will be offered to the family. It is drawn up by the core group of professionals and the family. It is part of statutory services offered to children who have been judged to be suffering significant harm from abuse or neglect. Common Assessment Framework: a standardised approach to conducting an assessment of a child's additional needs. It takes account of the role of parents, carers and environmental factors on their development, in deciding how those needs should be met, and was designed to be used across agencies. Family Nurse Partnership (UK): a preventive programme for young first-time mothers. It offers intensive and structured home visiting, delivered by specially trained nurses (family nurses), from early pregnancy until the child is two. Improving Access to Psychological Therapies: a UK initiative to improve access to psychological therapies. The aim of the project is to increase the provision of evidence- based treatments for anxiety and depression by primary care organisations. This includes workforce planning to adequately train the mental health professionals required. Monoamine oxidase A: one of a family of enzymes that catalyse the oxidation of monoamines. They are found bound to the outer membrane of mitochondria in most cell types in the body. Growing up in the UK – Ensuring a healthy future for our children vii BMA Board of Science National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence: the organisation responsible for providing national guidance on the promotion of good health and the prevention and treatment of ill health in England and Wales. Nurse Family Partnership (USA): a nurse-led,

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