Candidate Party -- Belgium
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Belgian Identity Politics: at a Crossroad Between Nationalism and Regionalism
University of Tennessee, Knoxville TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Masters Theses Graduate School 8-2014 Belgian identity politics: At a crossroad between nationalism and regionalism Jose Manuel Izquierdo University of Tennessee - Knoxville, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes Part of the Human Geography Commons Recommended Citation Izquierdo, Jose Manuel, "Belgian identity politics: At a crossroad between nationalism and regionalism. " Master's Thesis, University of Tennessee, 2014. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/2871 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses by an authorized administrator of TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a thesis written by Jose Manuel Izquierdo entitled "Belgian identity politics: At a crossroad between nationalism and regionalism." I have examined the final electronic copy of this thesis for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the equirr ements for the degree of Master of Science, with a major in Geography. Micheline van Riemsdijk, Major Professor We have read this thesis and recommend its acceptance: Derek H. Alderman, Monica Black Accepted for the Council: Carolyn R. Hodges Vice Provost and Dean of the Graduate School (Original signatures are on file with official studentecor r ds.) Belgian identity politics: At a crossroad between nationalism and regionalism A Thesis Presented for the Master of Science Degree The University of Tennessee, Knoxville Jose Manuel Izquierdo August 2014 Copyright © 2014 by Jose Manuel Izquierdo All rights reserved. -
The Belgian Contribution to Global 1968 Gerd Rainer Horn
The Belgian Contribution to Global 1968 Gerd Rainer Horn To cite this version: Gerd Rainer Horn. The Belgian Contribution to Global 1968. Views From Abroad : Foreign Historians on Belgium, special English-language issue of Revue Belge d’Histoire Contemporaine, 2005, pp.597- 635. hal-01020652 HAL Id: hal-01020652 https://hal-sciencespo.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01020652 Submitted on 8 Jul 2014 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. The Belgian Contribution to Global 1968 GERD-RAINER HORN ____Senior Lecturer in 20th Century History, Department of History – University of Warwick The calendar year of 1968 is almost universally associated with student un- rest. Belgium fits into this picture rather well, with major student mobilisa- tions in Leuven and Brussels occurring in the first half of that notoriously restless calendar year.1 Yet all-inclusive assessments of the social movements and political reconfigurations happening that year, not only in Belgium but elsewhere in Europe and North America as well, must go beyond the rela- tively narrow confines of university student milieus. For the purposes of this essay, I propose also to address fresh developments occurring within the worlds of labor and cultural productions. -
What's Left of the Left: Democrats and Social Democrats in Challenging
What’s Left of the Left What’s Left of the Left Democrats and Social Democrats in Challenging Times Edited by James Cronin, George Ross, and James Shoch Duke University Press Durham and London 2011 © 2011 Duke University Press All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America on acid- free paper ♾ Typeset in Charis by Tseng Information Systems, Inc. Library of Congress Cataloging- in- Publication Data appear on the last printed page of this book. Contents Acknowledgments vii Introduction: The New World of the Center-Left 1 James Cronin, George Ross, and James Shoch Part I: Ideas, Projects, and Electoral Realities Social Democracy’s Past and Potential Future 29 Sheri Berman Historical Decline or Change of Scale? 50 The Electoral Dynamics of European Social Democratic Parties, 1950–2009 Gerassimos Moschonas Part II: Varieties of Social Democracy and Liberalism Once Again a Model: 89 Nordic Social Democracy in a Globalized World Jonas Pontusson Embracing Markets, Bonding with America, Trying to Do Good: 116 The Ironies of New Labour James Cronin Reluctantly Center- Left? 141 The French Case Arthur Goldhammer and George Ross The Evolving Democratic Coalition: 162 Prospects and Problems Ruy Teixeira Party Politics and the American Welfare State 188 Christopher Howard Grappling with Globalization: 210 The Democratic Party’s Struggles over International Market Integration James Shoch Part III: New Risks, New Challenges, New Possibilities European Center- Left Parties and New Social Risks: 241 Facing Up to New Policy Challenges Jane Jenson Immigration and the European Left 265 Sofía A. Pérez The Central and Eastern European Left: 290 A Political Family under Construction Jean- Michel De Waele and Sorina Soare European Center- Lefts and the Mazes of European Integration 319 George Ross Conclusion: Progressive Politics in Tough Times 343 James Cronin, George Ross, and James Shoch Bibliography 363 About the Contributors 395 Index 399 Acknowledgments The editors of this book have a long and interconnected history, and the book itself has been long in the making. -
Class Cleavage Roots and Left Electoral Mobilization in Western Europe ONLINE APPENDIX
Lost in translation? Class cleavage roots and left electoral mobilization in Western Europe ONLINE APPENDIX Parties in the Class bloc For the classification of political parties in the class bloc, we have included “those parties which are the historical product of the structuring of the working-class movement” (Bartolini and Mair 1990 [2007], 46). Moreover, as the class cleavage is not only a historical product but a dynamic concept, we have also carefully assessed the potential inclusion of all those parties that are: 1) direct successors of traditional working-class parties or 2) new parties emphasizing traditional left issues. As regards direct successors of traditional working-class parties, issues related to party continuity and change across time arise. Class bloc parties changing name or symbol, merging or forming joint lists with other class bloc parties are obviously included in the Class Bloc. Conversely, in the case of splits or in the case of mergers between a class bloc party and a non-class bloc party, choices become less straightforward. Generally speaking, we looked at the splinter party and included it in the Class bloc whenever it still maintained a clear communist, socialist, or social democratic programmatic profile (e.g., the case of Communist Refoundation Party in Italy in 1992). Conversely, “right-wing” splits from Social democratic parties (e.g., the Centre Democrats from the Social Democratic Party in Denmark in 1973) that have explicitly abandoned their former ideological references to social democracy, shifting their programmatic focus away from economic left issues and embracing liberal, radical, green, or “new politics” ideological profiles, have been generally excluded from the Class Bloc. -
A Theory-Guided Statistical Historiography Of
A statistical historiography of Belgium’s national electoral and party system Tom Schamp1 & Carl Devos Background paper For the paper submitted for ECPR‟s Joint Sessions of Workshops “Party system dynamics. New tools for the study of party system change and party transformation” 11-16 March, 2013 Mainz, Germany 1 Ghent University Faculty of Social and Political sciences Department of Political science Universiteitstraat 8, 9000 Gent, Belgium e-mail: [email protected] 1 1. Introduction In their overview of the Belgian national electoral results and party systems since 1830, Matagne and Verjans (2012:85) concluded that Belgium advanced from a bipolar political system since 1848, via what Giovanni Sartori (1976) called a two-and-a-half party system in the 1920s to the fractionalized and highly volatile multiparty system that present-day Belgium is worldwide known for. In this paper we study the linkages between the changing political system, the process of electoral reforms and the development of the party system. We intend to do so focusing on an old democracy: Belgium. We analyze origin, rise and fall of Belgian political parties participating in the national legislative elections, of the nature and complexity and change of the national electoral system, of the persistence, consolidation and change of the national party system, and last but not least of the perception of democracy in itself.2 These issues are among the most central issues studied by political scientists. There are plenty of explanations for today‟s party system fragmentation. Ever since the 1960s political parties in Belgium, in The Netherlands and in many other Western European representative democracies were principally uprooting from social cleavages. -
Bruno De Wever the FLEMISH MOVEMENT and FLEMISH NATIONALISM INSTRUMENTS, HISTORIOGRAPH
Bruno De Wever THE FLEMISH MOVEMENT AND FLEMISH NATIONALISM INSTRUMENTS, HISTORIOGRAPHY AND DEBATES The historiography of the Flemish movement and the Belgian nationality conflict is very extensive and diverse. The seven-part Bibliografie van de Vlaamse beweging (Bibliography of the Flemish movement) on the years 1945 to 2001 contains almost 20,000 titles.1 Although by far not all titles are scientific and historiographical, it says something about the extent of the production. It is obviously impossible to strive for completeness in the few words of this article. I will limit myself to the main working instruments with which I also address the scientific infrastructure. Furthermore I provide an overview of the basic works and the most significant literature in English, French and German. Finally I give a concise overview of the smouldering historiographical debates. Instruments Jo Tollebeek, one of the most important connoisseurs of the Belgian historiographical production, concludes that from the 1970s on quantitative as well as qualitative research increased greatly as the result of a process of professionalisation and the development of an infrastructure specifically focused on the study of the history of the Flemish movement.2 Bruno De Wever, ‘The Flemish movement and Flemish nationalism. Instruments, historiography and debates’, in: Studies on National Movements, 1 (2013) pp. 50-80. http://snm.nise.eu Studies on National Movements, 1 (2013) | ARTICLES The input of the Flemish universities was very important in this regard. Broadly speaking, from the 1960s on and culminating in the years 1970- 1980, hundreds of dissertations and dozens of doctoral theses on the Flemish movement were written in the history departments of Belgian universities.3 The above-mentioned Bibliografie van de Vlaamse beweging offers a voluminous but rather unselective overview of the literature. -
The London School of Economics and Political Science
The London School of Economics and Political Science «Les Belles Années du Plan»? Hendrik de Man and the Reinvention of Western European Socialism, 1914-36 ca. Tommaso Milani A thesis submitted to the Department of International History of the London School of Economics for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, London, September 2017. 1 DECLARATION I certify that the thesis I have presented for examination for the MPhil/PhD degree of the London School of Economics and Political Science is solely my own work other than where I have clearly indicated that it is the work of others (in which case the extent of any work carried out jointly by me and any other person is clearly identified in it). The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. Quotation from it is permitted, provided that full acknowledgment is made. This thesis may not be reproduced without my prior written consent. I warrant that this authorisation does not, to the best of my belief, infringe the rights of any third party. I declare that my thesis consists of 99,843 words. 2 ABSTRACT The thesis discusses the trajectory of the Belgian socialist thinker and activist Hendrik de Man (1885-1953) between 1914 and 1936 ca, with particular attention to his endeavours to renew Western European social democracy after the Great War. The first half of the thesis deals with de Man’s theoretical evolution. Having become convinced of the inadequacy of orthodox Marxism as a conceptual framework for the Left while serving as soldier and diplomat during WWI, de Man sought to overcome the split between reformism and revolutionary socialism by developing an ethical conception of socialism outlined in the book Zur Psychologie des Sozialismus (1926) and, subsequently, by elaborating planism, a democratic socialist ideology supposedly more in tune with the socio-economic conditions of the 1930s. -
Belgium: Social Democratic Hegemony Disputed
Belgium: social democratic hegemony disputed Twenty-five years of uninterrupted participation in government. With the possible exception of their Scandinavian counterparts, few European social democratic parties boast a record similar to that of Belgian social democracy. Almost three decades later, the tide might be changing. In Flanders, social democracy no longer commands 15% of the votes. In Wallonia, polls indicate the Parti socialiste is at risk of losing 12% of its support, falling back to a mere 20%. A concomitant surge in support for the radical Workers' Party of Belgium might change Belgium’s political landscape. Belgium’s neoliberal turn and social democracy Social democracy, including Belgian social democracy, played a central part in spreading and implementing neoliberal measures throughout Europe. In public debates, even social democratic members of Parliament readily admit this now. In Belgium, the neoliberal turn started towards the end of the seventies. Crisis was rampant in Belgium. Yearly inflation rates went up to 12%, and between the summer of 1974 and that of 1975, about 70.000 workers lost their job. The social democratic Minister of economic affairs, Willy Claes, made a vaguely Keynesian attempt at economic recovery. The state was made to pay for the restructuring of industries as coal, steel, ship construction, textile and glass. It bought parts of private enterprises, rationalising production or modernising factories, socializing losses, only to disengage from or reprivatize the companies afterwards. Public expenses increased rapidly. From 43.6% to 63.1% of GDP between 1974 and 1981. Government deficit jumps from 2.7 to 12.6%. By 1983, public debt comes close to 110% of GDP. -
The Left and Flemish Nationalism: Living Apart Together in Belgium Bruno De Wever Bad Timing
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Ghent University Academic Bibliography The Left and Flemish Nationalism: Living Apart Together in Belgium Bruno de Wever Only time will tell to what extent the electoral victory of the nationalist New Flemish Alliance [N-VA] in 2010 and the institutional crisis that followed were a turning point in the political emancipation of Flanders. But it is clear that times have changed and the end of the Belgian state is no longer considered a piece of political science fiction. Nevertheless, the Left in Flanders continues to behave as it always has for over a century during which it has defined the demand for greater Flemish independence as a right-wing project that deserves no sympathy from social democrats. Why is that? Bad Timing Nation formation as such is not a right-wing project. In the 18th and 19th centuries, when most of the European nations emerged, nationalism was often an emancipating force directed against the Ancien Régime in favour of equal rights for all citizens. In the 20th century, nationalism was one of the driving forces behind decolonisation, directed against the exploitation of non-Western societies. Nation formation and nationalism must be seen in their historical context. The Czech historian, Miroslav Hroch’s model of nationalism offers a framework that throws light on why the Left has not played an active role in Flemish Nationalism. Hroch developed his theory of small nation-formation in the 1960s. Wider academic acclaim followed after an English translation appeared in the 1980s1 and the validity of his model is now universally accepted. -
Elections '79 7 -Lojune
Elections '79 7 -lOJune 110m voters elect 410 MEPs to European Parliament Voting figures and winners0 Directorate-General for Information and Public Relations Publications Division ·,·,., Ever.y effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of the data in this publication but no guarantee can be givea that the figures or other entries will be completely consistent with ':.he final details published by the authorities in each of the Member States in every case. - 2 - ----.--- ---,- ---~---,----- ·-.-·--------- ·------·· --·- ..... ··-···- ·~--. ~~: ,__...:...:;To""""'t~,J _J____ B 1 DK 1 0 1 F 1 IRL _! __ L -+--~!:_ __j UK ;~.:L.:?.:'f' --+ ___ - ·------· 29.507.6921 1.274.778 382.721111.377.8181 4.756.77 193.898 5.368.75 (37.166) I 1.721.91!91 4.393.832 s 26,6% 23,4% 21,9% 40,8%1 23,611, 14,5% 15,3 21,7% 30,4% 32,7% ... 18 , J) 112~ 7 I 3 35 22 4 ~13 J 1 :1 9 1 1-- !32.820.~09 ~~:3.~-~~ -- 30.970 13.707.713(1.556.397) ~43.652 12.94-8~- ·;::.829) ~~::7~692 ~ CD I 29,6% 37,7% 1,8% 49,2% (7,7%) 33,1% 37,1- 36,1% 35,6% ~ 105 10 1'i\ o I 42 I 6 I 4_1_~-4----_2_- ---10 --·--- 6.861. 208 6.508.481 c (') 6,2% 35~~~~~ L j -r- 48,4% I) 63 ---+---3+-- ___ -----+ I -----+-~0- 14.940.043 145.804 81.933 112.1841 4.151.261 ---+10.343.10 (8.%1) 97.196 ~ COM 13,5% 2,7% 4,7% o. -
Documentation 'If~
4a lT OCTOBER - DECEMBER 1969 ~ I lth Year j~ . ' . -- ~ -~ if l r-'~ \~ ':">:"~\ -: •• - .,. - • ~ ~~' r\ ( - ., ·. documentation 'if~ a survey SPECIAL ISSUE THE CONFERENCE OF HEADS OF STATE OR GOVERNMENT THE HAGUE- DECEMBER 1969 EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT Directorate General for Pari iamentary Documentation and Information ( ~ ! . --· In addition to the official acts published in het Official Gazette of the European Communities, the activities of the European Communities are reported on in publications appearing at regular intervals. Thus, the Commission of the European Communities publi shes a Monthly Bulletin on the activities of the Communi ties while the European Parliament issues a periodical Information Bulletin on its own activities. The Council of Ministers issues a press release after all its sessions. Its activities are also reported on in a spe cial section of the Bulletin of the European Communities. The Economic and Social Committee issues press releases at the close of its plenary sessions," and its overall activ ities are reported on in a_ Quarterly Infonnation Bulletin. The Survey of European Documentation is intended to serve as a supplement to the above publications. It deals with salient features of the process of European integration takingplace outside Community bodies. PREFACE It was felt that it would serve a useful purpose to publish a Special ~ssue of this publication summarizing the policy statements made before and iuring the Conf~rence of Heads of State or Government held at The Haguefrom to 2 December 1969. As these statements were too numerous to reproduce at length, a careful selection has been made so as to present the reader with a balanced overall picture. -
Party and Opposition Formation in Belgium
Party and opposition formation in Belgium by Mieke CLAEYS-VAN HAEGENDOREN* * Though the concept « politica! party » traditionnally refers to « discord », « conflict », « opposition », the parties have grown into essential factors of politica! mobilization, and they play an important part in the integration of local and social groups into the nation. In order to carne to an insight into the politica! structure, and what is more, into the plot of the politica! conflicts in a nation, it is conse~ quently, necessary to know the lines according to which the politica! antitheses and separations have been formed. The purpose of this article therefore is twofold - To examine the integrating role of the politica! parties : how far was the politica! system stabilized by the coming about of gene~ rally recognized channels through which the possible conflicts could be expressed ? How far were the ruling classes willing and capable to make room for nascent new classes and to save the politica! balance in this way? - Which controversies gave rise to enduring party formation ? Does a definite hierarchy exist in the politica! conflicts, of which some lead to final politica! separation, while others did not ? * * * • Studied Politica! and Social Sciences at the University of Louvain from 1959 to 1963. Attented the lectures of Professor H . Daalder at the University of Leyde during a stay in the Netherlands in 1964 and 1965. Is candidate as an aspirant of the National Foundation of Scientific Research, for a doctor's degree with a study, which will be finished in 1968, about the evolution of the Belgian Socialist Movement agalnst the parliamentary democracy from 1914 to 1940, and the reactlon in the party itself against this evolution.