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Policies for Sustainable Accessibility and Mobility in Urban Areas of Ghana

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Policies for Sustainable Accessibility and Mobility in Urban Areas of Ghana Page 1 SSATP – Ghana - Sustainable Mobility and Accessibility Policy in Urban Areas – December 2018 Policies for Sustainable Accessibility and Mobility in Urban Areas of Ghana Page 2 SSATP – Ghana – Sustainable Mobility and Accessibility Policy in Urban Areas – December 2018 Page 3 SSATP – Ghana – Sustainable Mobility and Accessibility Policy in Urban Areas – December 2018 Policies for Sustainable Accessibility and Mobility in Urban Areas of Ghana An international partnership supported by: Page 4 SSATP – Ghana – Sustainable Mobility and Accessibility Policy in Urban Areas – December 2018 The SSATP is an international partnership to facilitate policy development and related capacity building in the transport sector in Africa. Sound policies lead to safe, reliable, and cost-effective transport, freeing people to lift themselves out of poverty and helping countries to compete internationally. * * * * * * * The SSATP is a partnership of 42 African countries: Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Djibouti, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Gabon, The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe; 8 Regional Economic Communities (RECs); 2 African institutions: African Union Commission (AUC) and United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA); Financing partners for the Third Development Plan: European Commission (main donor), Swiss State Secretariat for Economic Affairs (SECO), Agence Française de Développement (AFD), African Development Bank (AfDB), and World Bank (host); Many public and private national and regional organizations. * * * * * * * The SSATP gratefully acknowledges the contributions and support of member countries and its partners. * * * * * * * More publications on the SSATP website: www.ssatp.org The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed here are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the SSATP or its partners. © 2020 The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank Group 1818 H Street, NW Washington D.C. 20433 USA. Page 5 SSATP – Ghana - Sustainable Mobility and Accessibility Policy in Urban Areas – December 2018 Table of contents Page 1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 14 2. Urban mobility issues in Ghana .................................................................................................. 18 2.1 National urban development ............................................................................................ 18 2.1.1 Rapid urbanization ............................................................................................... 18 2.1.2 A bicephalic urban structure ................................................................................ 20 2.2 Motorization trends .......................................................................................................... 22 2.3 Urban Mobility Challenges ................................................................................................ 24 2.3.1 Accra and Kumasi facing chronic congestion ....................................................... 24 2.3.2 Predominance of non-motorized transport in other cities .................................. 31 2.4 National Context ............................................................................................................... 32 2.4.1 Legal framework: an ongoing decentralization process ....................................... 32 2.4.2 Main Actors of urban mobility.............................................................................. 34 3. Main findings in respect of priority thematic areas .................................................................... 40 3.1 Institutional framework for urban transport management ............................................. 40 3.2 Funding for urban transport management ....................................................................... 45 3.3 Civil society participation in urban transport management ............................................. 49 3.4 Multi-modal planning and operations for city centers ..................................................... 50 3.5 Public transport performance (with a focus on paratransit reform) ................................ 52 3.6 National government support for urban transport management in secondary cities ..... 55 4. Recommendations ...................................................................................................................... 57 4.1 Presentation of the EASI Framework ................................................................................ 57 4.2 Recommendations for governance efficiency .................................................................. 57 4.2.1 Policy-level ............................................................................................................ 57 4.2.2 Financial level ....................................................................................................... 61 4.3 Recommendations for land use efficiency ....................................................................... 63 4.4 Recommendations for multimodal transport system efficiency ...................................... 65 4.5 Recommendations for road space use and vehicle efficiency .......................................... 70 4.6 Synthesis of recommendations and suggestion of implementation ................................ 77 5. References ................................................................................................................................... 79 Appendices .......................................................................................................................................... 80 Page 6 SSATP – Ghana - Sustainable Mobility and Accessibility Policy in Urban Areas – December 2018 List of figures Page Figure 1 – EASI, a conceptual framework to guide public action towards sustainable accessibility and mobility in African cities ...................................................................................................................... 14 Figure 2 – Flowchart of study process and methodology ................................................................... 17 Figure 3 – Population of main Ghanaian cities 2015 and 2030 ........................................................... 19 Figure 4 – Paratransit Vehicles 'Trotros' ............................................................................................. 20 Figure 5 – Ghana's motorization trend (2000-2013) ........................................................................... 23 Figure 6 – Number of street intersections/sq.km ............................................................................... 24 Figure 7 – Travel speeds during peak hours in GAMA ........................................................................ 24 Figure 8 – Flooding of a transport terminal at Kwame Nkrumah Circle ............................................. 25 Figure 9 –Current railway network in Accra ........................................................................................ 27 Figure 10 – Road Traffic Crash and Casualty Situation – 2016-2015 .................................................. 29 Figure 11 – Distribution of fatalities by road user class ...................................................................... 30 Figure 12 – Means of transport to and from workplace by city class (2007) ...................................... 31 Figure 13 – Legal framework applying to Ghanaian institutions ........................................................ 32 Figure 14 – Main planning documents ................................................................................................ 33 Figure 15 – Decentralized Government in relation with urban mobility ............................................ 33 Figure 16: Timeline of urban mobility in Ghana .................................................................................. 39 Figure 17: Financial flows in Urban Mobility in Accra ......................................................................... 47 Figure 18: The six thematic areas of the study and the EASI conceptual framework......................... 57 Page 7 SSATP – Ghana - Sustainable Mobility and Accessibility Policy in Urban Areas – December 2018 List of Tables Table 1: Statistical Data in the eight pilot countries ........................................................................... 18 Table 2: Statistical data in Accra and Kumasi ...................................................................................... 22 Table 3: Penalty rate for imports of secondhand vehicles .................................................................. 23 Table 4: Modes of transport to and from workplace, %, by city, 2007 ............................................... 26 Table 5: Aayalolo fare structure, October 2018 .................................................................................. 29 Table 6: SWOT matrix of stakes linked to institutional framework and management of urban transport ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 43 Table 7: Governance Matrix in Accra .................................................................................................
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