in Indiaand Film industryboom ECONOMY COPYRIGHT ANDTHE Cars, fashionandeco-design DESIGN World IPDayround up THINK, IMAGINE, CREATE Geneva, May/June2005 W ORLD I NTELLECTUAL P ROPERTY O RGANIZATION

NUMBER3 31 WIPO Magazine/May-June 2005 32 WIPO Magazine/May-June 2005 Madrid systemwas follows: “The firstpublishedtrademarkapplication fromKenya following accessiontothe The referencetoKenya onpage3oftheMarch/April2005editionshouldhavereadas Corrigendum Tropical, The response to World IP Day this year was the best yet, best the was year this Day IP World to response The with events across the world celebrating the Think, Imagine, Think, the celebrating world the across events with Create theme, aimed particularly at young people. This people. young at particularly aimed theme, Create month’s issue picks up the theme with a round-up of World of round-up a with theme the up picks issue month’s IP Day activities, a meeting with some young inventors from inventors young some with meeting a activities, Day IP Iran, and the inspiring story of a young architect from Burkina from architect young a of story inspiring the and Iran, Faso, whose creativity and vision has brought new hope to hope new brought has vision and creativity whose Faso, filedin2004by a community in one of the world’s poorest countries. poorest world’s the of one in community a Having covered developments in the PCT and Madrid system Madrid and PCT the in developments covered Having in the previous two issues, we continue the series with a with series the continue we issues, two previous the in at the Hague System and industrial designs, including designs, industrial and System Hague the at look an interview with two users. IP and Business focuses the on focuses Business and IP users. two with interview an design-driven fashion industry, and we dip into the world the into dip we and industry, fashion design-driven of product design with a look at some recent award winners award recent some at look a with design product of and emerging trends. emerging and Kenya Sweets Ltd Sweets Kenya .” Editor’s Note Editor’s 2 29 28 27 25 22 21 20 16 14 12 10 8 7 6 4                 New Products Calendar ofMeetings Development Agenda: InternationalSeminar CommitteeMeetings Copyright-BasedIndustries: Assessing their Weight Argentina’s Flourishing FilmIndustry Entertainment: It’s HappeninginIndia IP &Business Winning Designs Hague Users Speak individual designers alike The HagueSystem: A toolforcorporations and Striving forExcellence– An exhibitiononIPandSport Young Iranian Talent attheGenevaInventionsFair New WIPO seriesforyoungpeople Learn from thePast, Create theFuture Diébédo Francis Kéré, Architect Inspirational Creators Property Day Intellectual Fifth World – The Think,Imagine,Create Treaty Member States Agree Basic Text forRevised Trademark Law Endorsement ofthe WIPO 2006-2007ProgramandBudget Intellectual PropertyintheFashion Industry Table ofContents May -June2005 Geneva,

WIPO Magazine/May-June 2005 1 2 WIPO Magazine/May-June 2005 2

World IP Day pin Day IP World THINK, IMAGINE, CREATE The Canadian The INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY lombia the artist thecreator,nize theproblem-solver, young peopleeverywheretorecog- beyond shouldbe World IntellectualPropertyDay and General KamilIdris:“Ourgoalfor realize thewordsofWIPODirector world overfounddifferentwaysto governmental organizations the Zimbabwe Bulgaria seminars, tookplacein award ceremonies,exhibitionsand Events tohonorinventors,suchas ing theevent. the mostinventivewayofcelebrat- Canadian sponded toachallengebythe ebrations from towards youngpeople,inspiredcel- “Think ImagineCreate,”directed dred MemberStates.Thetheme April 26,witheventsinoverahun- Day metresoundingsuccesson The fifth World IntellectualProperty potential. The 18 to35–areactivelyrealizingthat Inventors International ative potential.Membersof IP andofappreciatingourowncre- ator isattheheartofunderstanding Recognizing andrespectingthecre- Recognizing thecreator for afilmtracing thestories of Viet- Minh City, butalso announced plans vised awardceremonyinHoChi and Innovation Center forPromotionofInvention – tonamebutafew. Moldova andfrom ,

, within themselves IPOfficetocomeupwith Ukraine . MemberStatesandnon- notonlyheldatele- THE FIFTHWORLD Young Inventors Azerbaijan , and Georgia Scandinavia to encourage –agedfrom Azerbaijan Viet Nam Uzbekistan , to .” Kenya Young re- Co- to The problem-solver month. “Creative Belize,”throughoutthe example, broadcastandwebcast duced theirownmaterial. ity inyoungpeople.Otherspro- promoting IPawarenessandcreativ- 30-second televisionspotaimedat Many countriesbroadcast WIPO’s (ARIPO) Intellectual PropertyOrganization Zimbabwe tions andInnovation generations atthe ators willalsobeadmiredbyfuture The achievements of African cre- namese winnersofWIPOawards. Jamaica while schoolchildrenthroughout novation competitionforchildren; message. ties toreachyoungmindswiththat Many IPofficesgearedtheiractivi- their ideasarevaluableanduseful. they mustbeencouragedtofeelthat ativity astheygrowup. To doso, challenge istokeepthatnaturalcre- ventional solutionstoproblems.The Children areadeptatfindinguncon- ing throughoneofSingapore’s most groups ofthemcouldbeseenrac- the IPscavengerhunt.Excited their thinkingcapstoparticipatein Young peopleinSingaporeputon school children. bago Caribbean nation, activities andpresentations. Another specially prepared,interactiveIP dard curriculumwiththreedaysof ’s , , , producedIPDaykitsforhigh gotabreakfromthestan- on April 26. Iceland bythe organizedanin- Museum ofInven- African Regional Trinidad DAY inauguratedin Belize and , for To- An anti-piracy poster produced by Singapore by produced poster anti-piracy An for World IP Day IP World for 26 APRIL could createandown IP. IP andtherealizationthattheytoo with prizes,adeeperknowledgeof the hunt.Participantswalkedaway ing itemstheyhadcollectedduring what theyhadlearnedaboutIP, us- an originalworkofarttoillustrate Their finalchallengewastocreate and completetasksrelatedtoIP. search ofasalebuttolocateclues popular shoppingmalls–notin Office laboration withthe The looking attheworldofsports. ence ofIPintheirenvironmentby people tothinkabouttheomnipres- World IPDay, alsostimulatesyoung hibition (seepage8),inauguratedon WIPO’s “Striving forExcellence”ex- Estonian ( EPO ), broughttogetherstu- PatentOffice,incol- European Patent Honor alMerito Autoral were grantedthe Mexico honored during World IPDay. In ers, architects anddirectors –were cians, songwriters,painters,design- Many artists–performers,musi- The artist tection. In introduction toIP, itsuseandpro- owners ofsmallbusinessesforan dents, inventors,entrepreneursand The CREATE IMAGINE, THINK, showcasing over 200 ingenious inventions. market, ingenious to 200 idea over from showcasing invention, of process full property. for andprotectionofintellectual badge programfocusedonrespect Program Badge AwardIntellectual Property & ExciseDepartmentlaunchedthe ciation, IPDepartmentandCustoms sociation Hong Kong wide publicitycampaign.Whilein rights followedaweeklong,nation- *Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects ofIntellectual PropertyRights(TRIPS Agreement) French artisticandliteraryauthors , theworld’s firstScoutmerit , HongKong Scout Asso-

I’NOV , the Beijing, festival highlighted the highlighted festival Motion PictureAs- Gran Ordende miniature art by Aicha by art miniature aforumonIP Traditional Algerian Traditional (Honorable Haddad uted in copyright wasalsowidelydistrib- Lithuania fanfare atthe Vilnius CityHallin Author’s Land,” was releasedwith The children’s book,“Trip to ceived extensivemediacoverage. arts market.Thetwo-dayeventre- aimed atreinvigoratingthevisual and galleryownersforaseminar dition bybringingtogetherartists Algeria Creativity Award.humous WIPO was amongthosegrantedapost- Domingo, theBeatles,andothers– Sinatra, ElvisPresley, Plácido several languagesandsungbyFrank “Besame Mucho”wasrecordedin Velazquez –whose biggesthit “Harry Potter”fame.Consuelo film director Alfonso Cuaronof those recognizedwastheMexican Order ofCopyright Merit). Among look tothefuture.Theseminar“Post of theirnationalIPlegislationand sion formanycountriestotakestock World IPDay alsoofferedanocca- the world IP recognition around promoteditsrichartistictra- Bahrain . A children’s booklet on . China, South Africa wait The across theglobe. to thedevelopmentofsocieties tion madebyinnovatorsandartists the world,andcitedcontribu- IP playsintheU.S.andthroughout resolution emphasizedthekeyrole understanding ofthevalue ofIP. The WIPO’s work topromotegreater goals of World IPDay, and of Resolution 210insupportofthe of RepresentativespassedHouse en/world_ip/2005/activities.html website on more detailsareavailableonour justice withinthesebriefpages.But was suchthatwecannotdothem organized by WIPO MembersStates The diversityofactivitiesandevents ing copyright. ing goodcybercitizensandrespect- emphasizing theimportanceofbe- ementary andhighereducation, BSA hasdevelopedprogramsforel- safe andresponsibledigitalworld, U.S. In the IP andthe TRIPS Agreement. development, thebasicprinciplesof Darussalam seminar attheUniversityof focused onthenextsteps.Whilea National IPOrganizationonApril26, Opportunities for TRIPs* IPRRegime–Implicationand Egypt pated in World IPDay events in one ofmanyNGOstohavepartici- With theaimofpromotinga , Business SoftwareAlliance , United States Latvia India www.wipo.int/about-ip/ discussedresearch and , , Indonesia Peoples Republicof India, , theU.S.House , Turkey andthe ” heldbythe , Brunei , Ku- . is ♦ World IP Day IP World Hamouche Mohamed to commemorate to artist by stamp postage Algerian 3 WIPOWIPO Magazine/May-JuneMagazine/May-June 20052005 3 WIPO Magazine/May-June 2005 4

A joyful greeting for greeting joyful A THINK, IMAGINE, CREATE Kéré from Gando from Kéré Diébédo Francis Diébédo children outside children their new school new their Diébédo FrancisKéré,Architect habitants inoneoftheworld’s poor- a remotevillageofsome3,000in- Mr. Kéréwas growingupinGando, There wasnolocalschoolwhen future ofanentirecommunity. create newopportunitiesforthe social responsibility, andsharedto education, firedbyhissenseof ative ability, enabledthroughhis inspiring. Ittellsofoneman’s cre- Diébédo Francis Kéré’s storyis architect from from localmaterialsbyayoung lage school,designedandbuilt mative beautyofalowcostvil- chitectural andsociallytransfor- Architecture prestigious This tributefromthejuryof for theadvancementofapeople.” and instillshopeinitscommunity, laying thefoundations The practicalandthepoeticarefused.[It]inspirespride in sympathywiththelocalclimateandculture. “A structureofgrace,warmthandsophistication, Aga Khan Aga Award for captures boththear- Burkina Faso INSPIRATIONAL degree. ant ofGandotoearnauniversity many, hebecamethefirstinhabit- man government tostudy inGer- winning ascholarship fromtheGer- He didnotdisappointthem. After to schoolatthetenderageofseven. ity whenhisfamilysenthimaway in himakeensenseofresponsibil- headman, healreadyhadinstilled est countries.Thesonofthevillage

Courtesy of D.F. Kéré shared discoverybetweenmyself a labouroflove.Itwasbasedon chitect toldWIPOMagazine.“Itwas project,” thesoft-spokenyoung ar- was muchmorethanjustabuilding ment ofthewhole community. “This sign, localmaterialsandtheinvolve- gether intelligentarchitectural de- approach totheprojectbroughtto- Construction beganin2000.Mr. Kéré’s build aschool. the US$30,000fundingneededto Gando launched the cation hadgiven him,Mr. Kéré community theadvantagesthatedu- lapse. Determinedtosharewithhis previously wasonthepointofcol- been erectedinGandosomeyears flimsy schoolbuildingwhichhad versity, Mr. Kérélearnedthatthe ture degreeatBerlin Technical Uni- While stillstudying forhisarchitec- School bricksforGando . CREATORS projectandsetaboutraising School Bricksfor ing, whileatthesametimeoptimiz- designed tobeaestheticallyuplift- The structureofthebuildingwas to erectbyhand. rebars, whichtheworkerswereable sheets ofcorrugatedtinandsteel structure composedoflong,curved Mr. Kérédesigned aninnovative roof port acrane. To solve theproblem, there wasnomoneytohireortrans- The roofposedaconundrum,as performance ofthesematerials. niques couldfurtherimprovethe and howdifferentconstructiontech- refine theclayandlocalmaterials, project taughtlocalpeoplehowto ported materials.TheGandoSchool compared tomoreexpensive,im- it isunstableandperformspoorly used intraditionalbuildingmethods It ischeapandreadilyavailable,but known as“thematerialofthe poor.” explains Mr. Kéré,hasbecome of themainbuildingmaterials.Clay, portance ontheuseofclayasone development, Mr. Kéréplacedim- Guided byprinciplesofsustainable development Architecture forsustainable experience,” herecalls. stamped floorwas anunforgettable tional clay flour. “The laying ofa to thesite. Women producedtradi- sisted oncarryingmudandstones blocks. Village children proudlyin- of buildingwithcompressedearth trained localmeninthetechniques nity couldtakepride.” Mr. Kéré thing inwhichthewholecommu- and thevillagers,oncreatingsome- on educationandarchitecture: leaves uswiththesetwothoughts, sire toreinvest inhiscountry. He Mr. Kéréremainsdriven by hisde- projects. skills toworkonotherpublic villagers withtheirnewconstruction government isemployingtheGando to buildthemselves schools. And the model ofcommunitymobilization ing villageshavefollowedthesame plier effect. Already two neighbor- project ishavingasignificantmulti- entire community. Moreover, the new skillsandknowledgetothe lage children,butisusedtopasson only provideseducationforthevil- ing, isunderway. The school not standard tomatchtheschoolbuild- of teachers’accommodations,a teachers’ salaries.Theconstruction government readilyagreedtofund pressed bythebuilding,local counts morethan300pupils.Im- Opened in2001,theschoolnow Multiplier effect ventilation. at thewindowscombineshadeand temperature. Elegantlysimpleslats ceiling helptomoderatetheroom packed earthblocksofthewallsand recreation periods.Thedensely also providescoveredareasforthe rain bytheoverhangingroof,which shaded frombothsunandtorrential freely.ing airflows The walls are creating spacesthroughwhichcool- the roofstructureaboveceiling, matic conditions.Steelsupportslift ing protectionfromtheharshcli- achieve.” their ownchildrencanalso they arenowabletobelievethat do becauseofhiseducation,and at whatyoungFranciswasableto of workinginthefields.Theylook their childrentobeinschoolinstead longer seeitasawasteoftimefor is asuccessbecausethevillagersno better world.Forme,GandoSchool they beabletobuildthemselvesa through accesstoeducationwill pable youngpeople.Butonly “Africa isfullofverybrightandca- Duc Siméon of courtesy Photos: WIPO DirectorGeneral KamilIdris,inhis World IPDay message the scientists, thedesigners, theartistsoftomorrow.” – “From theclassroomsoftodaywillcomeentrepreneurs, houd/The Aga Khan Aw Khan Aga houd/The ard for Architecture for ard we willadvance.” www.akdn.org/agency/akaa/ - For moreinformationsee: - www.tu-berlin.de/presse/tui/05feb/ -www.fuergando.de/eng/ ninthcycle/page_04txt.htm kere.htm (inGermanonly) schulbausteine.htm and haveprideinthese. must developourownsolutions, North-South one-way street. We tectural solutions.Itshouldnotbea dependent onEuropefortheirarchi- “Developing countriescannotbe – Likethis ♦ Gando School. Gando Architecture to spur to Architecture the development of development the a community. a Natural ventilation Natural methods and methods compressed earth compressed walls help to keep to help walls classrooms cool in cool classrooms the beating sun. beating the

WIPO Magazine/May-June 2005 5 WIPO Magazine/May-June 2005 6 THINK, IMAGINE, CREATE their homecountry. students toresearch inventions from to supplementthesebygettingtheir world, andteachersareencouraged Profiles mercialized theirideas. tors whohavepatentedandcom- cessful inventions,andyounginven- spersed withthestoriesbehindsuc- technological progressareinter- they contributetoscientificand work, whyweneedthem,andhow low explanationsofhowpatents inventions andpatents.Easy-to-fol- orful journeythroughtheworldof tion takesitsyoungreadersonacol- packed withexamples,thepublica- Combining funwithfacts,and use inclassroomsaroundtheworld. detailed IPcurriculummaterialsfor States –toprovidepracticaland merous requestsfromMember Organization –inresponsetonu- marks asignificantneweffortbythe ators ofourfuture.Thepublication aimed atschoolchildrenasthecre- about intellectualproperty(IP) first inanewseriesofpublications out inthesummerof2005,itis publication withadifference.Due “Inventions andPatents”isaWIPO New WIPOseriesforyoungpeople are drawnfromaroundthe Inventor to recognizeinthemselvesthees- professors, andencouragesstudents as wild-eyed–andwilderhaired the fictionalstereotypesofinventors “Inventions andPatents”debunks pot” coolingsystem. dynamics intheNigerian“pot-in- telescope, orthelawsofthermo- concave andconvexlensesinthe tions, suchasthecombinationof behind someofthefeaturedinven- with studentsthescientificprinciples information providedbydiscussing classes. Teachers canbuildonthe be integratedintoscience Much ofthematerialcan debate. reflection andclassroom tions toprovokeindividual about it” given description. cations correspondingtoa database forpatentappli- search WIPO’s onlinePCT example, studentslearnto PCT Detective case studies. To play the and IPconceptsthrough theoretical throughthepractical, hands-on approach,itteachesthe ied forclassroomuse. Taking a book, whichcanbefreelyphotocop- the formofaself-containedwork- 14 yearsold,thepublicationtakes Geared towardsstudentsfrom8to that direction.” about IP. This newseriesisastepin positive andinformativemessages must includeprovidingthemwith veloping asustainableIPculture the consumers–oftomorrow. De- Hayes. “Theyarethecreators–and WIPO DeputyDirectorGeneralRita “Young peopleareourfuture,” said boxes poseques- game, for “Think industrial designs. topics ofcopyright,trademarksand three furthervolumes,tocoverthe audiences. WIPOcurrentlyplans educational materialforyounger groups forinformationproductsand WIPO MemberStatesandother increasingly frequentrequestsfrom The seriesisdesignedtorespond protection, tocommercialization. novation processfromidea,toIP ing studentsthroughthewholein- with aroadmapforinvention,tak- individuals toinvent.Itconcludes ity andperseverance,whichenable sential qualitiesofcuriosity, creativ- WIPO’s e-bookshop. Print copiescanbeorderedfrom ministries inMemberStates. tional IPOfficesandother CD-ROM willbedistributedtoNa- Limited papercopiesandaprint-ready an interactiveonlineformat. will shortlyalsobecomeavailablein website (e-bookshop)inPDFformat.It bers ofthepublicfromWIPO be downloadedbyschoolsandmem- The publicationisfreeofcharge. Itcan Further information government ♦ INVENTIONS FAIR AT THEGENEVA YOUNG IRANIANTALENT diabetes testingmethod.” idea Iamworkingonnextforanew from diabetes,whichgavemethe me. [Forexample],mysistersuffers come from?“FromwhatIseearound method. And wheredoallhisideas using a“coldpasteurization” chine,” removesbacteriafrommilk ing product,the“Mild Wave Ma- sales ofhisinventions.Hisbest-sell- ploying 21staff,financedbythe Hossein describedhisfactory, em- and timing-basedirrigationsystems. wastage comparedtoothertrickle could dramaticallydecreasewater Mashad indicatingthathissystem ered fromtestson40,000treesin ter me!”signals.Heciteddatagath- detect andrespondtoaplant’s “wa- duced asensor,which was ableto to theirwaterneeds,hehadpro- fields givenoffbyplantsaccording ing variationsintheelectromagnetic having spentfouryearsinvestigat- by eachplant.Herecountedhow, cisely theamountofwaterneeded deliver toagriculturalcropspre- processor machine,”designedto hibiting his“trickleirrigationmicro at theGeneva fair, Hossein was ex- “closed circuit soundcamera.” But at theageof7.Hisfirstideawasa from Mashad,Iran,beganinventing Hossein, anengineeringgraduate tions inGeneva. International ExhibitionofInven- Hossein Khabbaziatthe April 2005 trigued tocomeacrossSeyed tory. So WIPO Magazine was in- factures andsellsfromhisownfac- tions tohisname,whichhemanu- 20-year-old with23patentedinven- It isnoteverydaythatyoumeeta tions, mosthopingtofindinvestors. International ExhibitionofInven- tries participatedinGeneva’s annual Some 735inventorsfrom42coun- from thecottonplant. tive toplastic,basedoncellulose exhibiting aneco-friendlyalterna- 10 inventionstohisname.Hewas group’s participationattheFair, had who hadorganizedtheIranian The tireless Ali RezaRastegar, 27, nology tocompaniesoutsideIran. looking tolicensehiscertifiedtech- by avibratingalert.Pouryawas into adigitaldisplayaccompanied baby’s crying–andtotranslate these doorbell, toasmokealarm, nize 36specifiedsounds–froma the deviceisprogrammedtorecog- needs ofthedeafmotherafriend, for deafpeople.Inspiredbythe tion, apocket-sizedvibratingalarm attracted localinvestorsinhisinven- University ofQazvin,hasalready Pourya Roozban,fromthe Azad by prospectsoffinancialgain. achievement recognized,ratherthan the satisfactionofhavingher patent protectionasmotivatedby Shima describedherdecisiontoseek her printermovesacrossthesurface. paper passingthroughtheprinter, any smoothsurface.Ratherthan machine, abletoprintdirectlyonto showed usherpatentedprinting limitations ofconventionalprinters, Shima Rezaeian,frustratedbythe Geneva Fair. 17-year-old student nian inventorsexhibitingatthe lem-solving wereotheryoungIra- Sharing Hossein’s passionforprob- cialized. Geneva aresubsequentlycommer- of theinventionsfirstshownin Vincent, approximately70percent to theFair’s president,Jean-Luc And notwithoutreason: According ♦ medal at the 2004 the at medal had printer Shima’s and Rezaeian Shima inventors Student in Germany fair in inventions IENA bronze a her won Alirezaey. Sadaf engineer, Seyed engineer, in Iran in patented has Khabbazi, Hossein old year 20 23 inventions 23 Photos: Maria de Icasa

WIPO Magazine/May-June 2005 7 WIPO Magazine/May-June 2005 8 THINK, IMAGINE, CREATE STRIVING FOREXCELLENCE– screens. and forthemillionsmorewhoshareexcitementfromtheirtelevision class athletes,forthemillionswhoplaysportsrelaxationandhealth, logical advancesthathaveimprovedsportbothonandoffthetrackfortop opened on World IntellectualPropertyDay, offersaglimpseofthetechno- lectual propertycurrentlyshowingatWIPO.“StrivingforExcellence,”which have incommon?Theyallfeaturealivelyexhibitiononsportandintel- Roger Federer’s racket, andworldchampion SergeyBubka’s polevault What doworld StéphaneLambiel’s ice-skates,toptennisplayer Cross-section of a of Cross-section athletes literallytoreachnew technique andmaterialsenabled poles withasharppoint.Improved wooden (ash)poles,thenbamboo the late1800s,vaultersused emerged asacompetitive sportin When polevaulting,forexample, impact onsportingperformance. lution ofsportsequipmentandits WIPO’s exhibitiontraces theevo- New materials,newheights mance andsafetyofathletes,it opments toimprove theperfor- role inspurringtechnologicaldevel- events. Notonlydoesitplayakey factor inthesuccessofsporting Intellectual property(IP)isamajor in thecomfortoftheirhomes. public tofollowtheirfavoriteevents ogy, andispivotal inenablingthe velopment inbroadcastingtechnol- letes themselves.IPalsofostersde- est insportingeventsandtheath- ties generated by themassive inter- derpins thecommercialopportuni- modern pole vault pole modern AN EXHIBITIONON IP ANDSPORT

un- tured intheexhibitionincludes: Other cuttingedgetechnologyfea- Bubka ofUkraine. times world champion, Sergey meters, setinJuly1994bythe6- current worldrecordformenis6.14 steel polethepreviousyear. The and breakingtherecordsetwith revolutionizing vaultingtechniques pole. Then camethefiberglasspole, 4.80 metersin1960withasteel aluminum pole.Thiswasuppedto 4.48 meterrecordwassetusingan proximately 3.2meters.In1957,a set withabamboopole,wasap- heights. The1896Olympicrecord,    vital splitseconds. petition swimmerstogainthose to reducedragandenablecom- on theskinofashark,isdesigned swimsuit fabricwhich,modeled the ®FASTSKIN FSII tions andrunningsurface; accordance withweathercondi- devices toregulatecushioningin , whichcontainselectronic the -1“intelligent”running stronger andmoreresilient; racketstomakethem jected intothecarbonfibersof tiny siliconoxidecrystalsarein- nanotechnology process,whereby Wilson’s patentednCode™ Roger Federer’s Roger tennis racket is racket tennis stronger and stronger more resilient more thanks to thanks Wilson’s patented nCode ciple forgolfballstothisday. search, thisremainsthedesignprin- many yearsofaerodynamicre- lift while minimizingdrag. After 1905. Thedimplepatternmaximizes dimple markingsongolfballsin ter, England, patentedtheideaof the cover. William Taylor ofLeices- of theball,meshordesign provements includingtothecover patents havebeentakenoutforim- also amarvel ofingenuity. Many ness andstrength.Thegolfballis rials, offeringgreaterrigidity, light- into syntheticandcompositemate- 1940s, have benefitedfromresearch tion ofgolfclubswhich,sincethe Golfers canlearnabouttheevolu- A picture perfect finish timed to the hundredth of a second. a of hundredth the to timed finish perfect picture A nanotechno- logy process. logy

Photo: Siggi Bucher TM

Tertius Picard/Touchline Photo-NOC SA curate measurements. the line),toproduceevermoreac- ages recordingathletesastheycross times everysecondtoproduceim- finish line,andwhichscans2,000 thin line,perfectlyalignedwiththe nometer, totheslitvideo(anultra- stopwatch, totheelectronicchro- timekeepers haveadvancedfromthe centives builtintotheIPsystem, have becomeessential.Usingthein- nutely accuratemeasuringdevices dizing deals,orthroughthesaleof sponsorship, licensingandmerchan- and useoftheirtrademarkstostrike come, beitthroughtheprotection use theIPsystemtogeneratein- sporting organizationsandathletes The exhibitionalsolooksathow Boosting revenue 100 all crossedthefinishlinewithin1/ final inthe Athens 2004Olympics four sprintersinthemen’s 100meter tween winningandlosing.Thefirst ond canmakethedifferencebe- limeter oreveryfractionofasec- At thetopsportinglevel,everymil- Measuring ahair’s breadth th ofasecondeach other. Mi- vances, designinnovation,trade- patent-fuelled technologicalad- multiple facetsofIPinaction: one oflife’s simplepleasures,shows Sport, whetherasbigbusinessor lic canallbenefit. commercial sponsors andthepub- are traded, sportingorganizations, and othermedia.Whentheserights tionship betweensports,television tunities. IPrightsunderpintherela- generating newcommercial oppor- of majorsportingevents,andinturn share thespectacleandexcitement billions ofpeoplearoundtheworld lutionized sportscoverage,enabling munication technologieshaverevo- available. Today, advances incom- handful ofterrestrialchannelswere Games werefirsttelevised,onlya In the1930swhenOlympic enue between2001and2004. resented 52percent ofOlympicrev- the saleofbroadcastingrightsrep- of US$86million.Revenuesfrom pected togenerateroyaltyrevenues over US$530.2millionandisex- gram alonegeneratedretailsalesof 2004 OlympicGameslicensingpro- broadcasting rights. The Athens “adidas”, the adidas logo, the 3-stripe the logo, adidas the “adidas”, trademark and the Roteiro logo are logo Roteiro the and trademark registered trademarks of the adidas- the of trademarks registered Salomon group, used with permission. with used group, Salomon down towatchamatch. put onourrunningshoes,orsit for thoughtnexttimewekickaball, trance isfree. will rununtil August 26,2005.En- ter at WIPO’s Geneva headquarters The exhibitionintheInformationCen- ing ofbroadcastingrights. mark-driven merchandizing, licens- used during Euro 2004, Euro during used uses the latest design latest the uses innovations and innovations high-tech materials. high-tech TM , The adidas Roteiro adidas The – Food  Advances in Advances communication technology have technology revolutionized sports coverage. sports

WIPO Magazine/May-June 2005 9 10 WIPO Magazine/May-June 2005 DESIGNS System. create aspring-boardfortheHague building blocksbeingputinplaceto lies behindthestatistics,andat this mean? We takealookatwhat istrations fileddecreased.Whatdoes System, thetotalnumberofnewreg- while fourmorecountriesjoinedthe not breakrecordslastyear. Rather, applications, theHagueSystemdid system forinternationaltrademark eration Treaty (PCT)andtheMadrid designs. ButunlikethePatentCoop- tered HagueSystemforindustrial underthe in force WIPO-adminis- ternational designregistrationswere By 2004yearendnearly35,000in- and theEuropeanCommunity. with South Africa, Portugal, Norway accession discussionsareunderway key, NigerandLatvia.Meanwhile, clude Croatia,Egypt,Hungary, Tur- tries tojointheHagueSystemin- geographical scope.Thelatestcoun- works withpartnerstoexpandthe But membershipisrisingasWIPO ited reach. three systemsandhasthemostlim- Europe –isthesmallestofthese ing States,predominantlywithin Hague System–with42Contract- to usersandpotentialusers.The more attractivethatsystembecomes geographical scopeofasystem,the of MemberStates,andthewider follows thatthegreaternumber of therespectiveMemberStates.It IP simultaneouslyinany–orall lined procedure ing usersa the samebasicprinciple,i.e.offer- registration systemsalloperateon The WIPO-administered,globalIP Broadening thespread and individualdesignersalike THE HAGUESYSTEM cost effective, stream- forprotectingtheir A toolforcorporations designs registered under the Hague system. Hague the under registered designs The industrial of portfolio largest third the holds cycle assisted power design electric Sony’s crease membershipoftheHague ments specificallydesignedtoin- Geneva Act introducedimprove- increasing user-friendliness, the step forward (seebox). As wellas April 2004,alsomarkedasignificant ment, whichcameintooperationin Sony’s European arm, Sony Overseas S.A., Overseas Sony arm, European Sony’s Geneva Act Geneva Act    dent Acts,the The HagueAgreement orHagueSystemcomprisesthree indepen- One System,three Acts flexibilities suchas: membership andgreater useofthesystembyoffering new The GenevaAct,operationalsince2004,pavesthewayfor wider the Systeminresponse to theneedsofrightsholdersandIPoffices. which oftheseActstheStateisparty. ThesuccessiveActsupdated coveringaState’sThe precise terms useoftheSystemdependson Bureau applicationfiledwiththeInternational ofWIPO. international owners toobtainprotection inseveralStatesbymeansofasingle Geneva Act Geneva Act Geneva Act Geneva Act extend the extend the Providing forthe Giving theexaminingoffices ofContractingStatesthe optionto ing wastedexpenditure. design inadesignatedcountrybefore publication,thereby avoid- more timeformarketresearch, andtheoptionofwithdrawing a new designforagraceperiodofupto30months.Thismeans Giving designownerstheoptionto extend the dard sixmonths;aswell asgreater flexibilityinsettingfees. extend the extend the . Although Japan is not yet a member, a yet not is Japan Although . oftheHague Agree- (1999). Thesystemwasintroduced toenabledesign London Act London Act London Act London Act London Act r r r r r efusal period efusal period efusal period to twelvemonths insteadofthestan- period efusal efusal period efusal period accession of accession of accession of accession of accession of (1934), the inter inter inter inter inter tion inthe25marketsitrepresents, applicants seekinguniformprotec- munity systemisanaturalchoicefor same period.TheEuropeanCom- most Europeancountriesoverthe the nationaltrademarkoperationsof Similar decreaseswererecordedin came intooperation in April 2003. munity RegisteredDesignSystem creased whentheEuropeanCom- cations intheHagueSystemde- It wasnosurprisethatdesignappli- Community Design Impact oftheEuropean Property Organization(OAPI). the 16-country African Intellectual European Community(EC)blocand ganizations suchasthe25-country accession ofintergovernmental or- systems. Notleast,itenablesthe ible withmajor, nationalregistration System bymakingitmorecompat- gover gover gover gover gover defer publication defer publication defer publication ofdefer their defer publication defer publication Hague Act Hague Act Hague Act Hague Act Hague Act nmental or nmental or nmental or nmental or nmental or (1960) andthe ganizations. ganizations. ganizations. ganizations. ganizations. back tohelpimprovetheservice. contact actsasachannelforfeed- the System. At thesametime,such lished userstogetthemostoutof per-page fee,helpsnewandestab- on eachpagesoastoreducethe as fittingmanydesignspossible users, andmoney-savingtipssuch cluding carefulexplanationsfornew Advice,in- examiners. the WIPO and telephoneconversationswith have receivedincorrespondence tion ofthepersonalservicethey efits. Usersoftenexpressapprecia- Hague todatehasofferedsomeben- here therelativelysmallsizeof can appeardauntinglycomplex.But The formalitiesoftheHagueSystem Taking care oftheusers Hague operations. should provideamajoruplifttothe tribute tothisaim,andECaccession to jointheHagueSystemwillcon- sions regardingmodalitiesfortheEC potential users.Theon-goingdiscus- the greatestnumberofusersand which willmaximizethebenefitto share theaimofcreatingstructures fice oftheEuropeanCommunity The WIPOSecretariatandtheOf- within Europeancountriesonly. applicants evenforregistrations plications, issometimespreferredby basis ofa“bundle”nationalap- the Hagueroute,operatingon entire application.Becauseofthis, one MemberStateinvalidatesthe to takeintoaccountthatarefusalin a unitarybasis,applicantsdohave although, asitssystemoperateson solid protection. process requiresinordertoprovide mal standardswhichtheapplication out compromisingonthehigh,for- for rapid,low-costregistration,with- the essentialneedsofdesigncreators challenge fortheHagueistomeet In thisfast-movingenvironment,the all industrialpropertymarket. occupy asmallershareoftheover- than years. As such theynaturally out ofstylewithinmonthsrather ion itemsandfootwear, go inand sics, manydesigns,suchasforfash- While someenduretobecomeclas- life-span thanpatentsortrademarks. tend tohaveafarmoreephemeral PCT. Designs,by theirvery nature, development of,forexample,the Hague Systemtomirrorcloselythe would bemisleadingtoexpectthe tems havemuchincommon,it While theglobalIPregistrationsys- Design isdifferent… function. Here isasample: the exclusionofshapedictatedby ment inanarticlewithutility, and multi-dimensional nature, embodi- include aestheticappearance, try tocountry. Commonelements industrial designvaryfrom coun- Definitions ofwhatconstitutesan design? What isanindustrial    Switzerland Switzerland Pakistan: Pakistan: Brazil ment of lines or any three-di- any or lines of ment Switzerland: Pakistan: Brazil: mensional shape, whether or whether shape, mensional configuration, pattern or orna- or pattern configuration, of an object or the ornamental the or object an of not combined with colors, that colors, with combined not ment applied to an article by article an to applied ment combination of lines and lines of combination serves as a model for the in- the for model a as serves any industrial process or process industrial any colors that can be applied to applied be can that colors dustrial production of an article. an of production dustrial means, being features which features being means, a product, to give a new and new a give to product, a appeal to and are judged solely judged are and to appeal original visual result in its ex- its in result visual original by the eye.. the by ternal configuration and can and configuration ternal serve as a model for industrial for model a as serve production. Switzerland Switzerland Pakistan: Pakistan: Brazil Brazil …the ornamental shape ornamental …the

…features of shape, of …features

…any arrange- …any “Packaging” is one of the most the of one is “Packaging” publication in color and submitting and color in BLU publication the of protection for filed Bulgari accounted packaging Hague the 2004, in In System. classifications requested taken from six different angles. bottle different six femme from pour taken BLU the of images requesting 2004, May in bottle perfume registrations. design of percent 8 for ♦ 11 WIPO Magazine/May-June 2005 12 WIPO Magazine/May-June 2005 Mercedes 300SL Coupé 300SL Mercedes

with gullwing doors gullwing with DESIGNS The “legendary” The DaimlerChrysler tive experiencesoftheHagueSystem. signer user, DaimlerChrysler; andthentoafirst-timeapplicant, carde- sports the list. Germany’s DaimlerChrysler, Adam Opel, Porsche and Volkswagen topping European carmanufacturersaremajorusersoftheHagueSystem,with The EU’s definitionofsparepartincludes thingssuch aspartsofcars,bumpers,bonnets(engine hoods),lights,etc. These a * fective. And thereisnoneedforan wide countrycoverage.Itiscostef- The factthatoneapplicationgives advantages oftheHagueSystem? What wouldyouconsiderthemain under theHagueSystemin1959. sign istheSLgullwingdoor, filed Chrysler’s bestknown industrialde- ML-Class; CLS-Class.Daimler- cently arefortheNew A-Class; new The designsweregisteredmostre- under theHagueSystem? DaimlerChrysler designsregistered Can yougiveussomeexamplesof designs in46applications year, weregistered223industrial trial designsin34applications.Last company wasregistering36indus- ruary 2,1959. Ten years agothe The firstapplicationwasfiledFeb- the HagueSystemincreased? How hasDaimlerChrysler’s useof from registrationbuttheyhavelimitedprotection.

Jean-Paul Oyono WIPO Magazinespoketoarepresentativefromlongestablished HAGUEUSERS . Here iswhattheyhadtosayabouttheirrespec- spare parts. period; andthefullprotectionfor for 30months;the12monthgrace box; thepossibilityofpostponement application date;the24-hourpost- Office, whichmeansasame-day to theGermanPatent and Trademark systems]; theshortmailingdistance [as withtheHagueandEuropean own language;multipleapplications man nationalsystem The advantagesforusofthe periods and/ordefermentperiods. clause intheEU*,differentgrace tion isnecessary;thespareparts account inwhichcountriesprotec- For example,wewouldtakeinto particular productandthemarket. case bybasis,dependingonthe use toregisteradesignismadeon The decisionastowhichsystem them? tem. Howwouldyoucompare munity SystemandtheHaguesys- national system,theEuropeanCom- DaimlerChrysler usestheGerman many signsthe Act. we willnotfeeltheeffectuntilGer- try coverageandfuturebenefits,but Geneva Act willbringwidercoun- agent. The entryintoforceofthe SPEAK are filinginour Ger- www.daimlerChrysler.com For furtherinformation,visit man) mighthelp. more languages(e.g.Spanish,Ger- seminars andexplanatorynotesin is noteasytounderstand.More and perpage.Theapplicationform tion, rather thancharging percopy as wouldasinglefeeforpublica- country feesystemwouldbeeasier culator mighthelp,butaunified the feesystemiscomplex. A feecal- tion systemwithmanyexceptions; But itisacomplicatedadministra- more –thankstothehelpofWIPO. problems forDaimlerChryslerany- For thetimebeing,thereareno to seetheHagueSystem? What improvementswouldyoulike duration, fees,etc. lation ofgraceperiods,deferment, tages arethelackofuniformregu- effect ineach country. The disadvan- tem worksonthebasisofnational in Europeandworldwide.Thesys- est The period of12months. 30 months,andauniformgrace postponement periodofmaximum file inGerman;itoffersauniform single examination.Itispossibleto pean Unionmemberstateswitha ing uniformprotectioninallEuro- vantage ofoneapplicationprovid- The

scope intermsofcountries,both European system Hague System offers thegreat- offers thead- re notexcluded tractor claimedmydesignasits ant whenan project whileworkingasaconsult- I hadaproblemonprevious services? How didyou findoutabout WIPO’s sure clauseswouldnotsuffice. the freedomtodoso.Non-disclo- it undertheHagueSystemgivesme one elseappropriatesit.Registering disclose mydesign,incasesome- etc –Ineedtoadvertise it.ButIcan’t experts –electronics,engineering, the project,whichrequiresvarious sign isthere.Now, inordertolaunch into accountinthedesign.Thede- neering tomarketingandtakeitall stand thewholeprocessfromengi- When designing,onemustunder- of thefinalproductisveryhigh. designer fromconcepttorealization car. The level ofinvolvement ofthe I’ve designedamid-enginesports project? Can yousaymoreaboutthe independent project. Group. NowIamlaunchingmyfirst BMW andindirectlyfortheFiat Switzerland. Then,Iworkedfor to theirEuropeancampusin Vevey, especially inthecarindustry. Iwent leader inartanddesigneducation, has areputationastheinnovative The Art Center[CollegeofDesign] I’ve alwayswantedtodesigncars. signer? How didyoubecomeacarde- Jean-Paul Oyono, independent cardesigner

Italian designsubcon- tion processandwhichpermitsthe will berecognizedinthenegotia- WIPO enhancescredibility, which international applicationthrough International recognition–filingan vidual user? Hague systemforyouasanindi- What arethepluses/minusesof to protectscalemodelsofthecar. never thoughtof,liketheneedalso I learnedsomethingswouldhave the registrationsatWIPO.Fromhim, spoke tothepersonresponsiblefor rather legalisticandtechnical.Ialso I understandthebasics,butitis I readupontheHaguesystem,so to registeryourdesign? Was itdifficulttounderstand how of industrialdesigns. friend toldmeabouttheprotection scure. After Ihadmy ideastolen,a heard ofWIPO,butitremainedob- nize my paternity. Ihadvaguely exploitation ofmyworktorecog- on protectingmyideas.Iwantany to designschool.NowI’mkeener that kindofsituationwhenyougo own. You’re notentirelypreparedfor and toregisterhisdesigns. information ontheHagueSystem came inpersontoWIPOobtain tive costsofprotectinghisIP. He minimize thelegalandadministra- corporate backing,heneedsto payments. should bemorewaystoadjourn than forcorporations,orthere should costlessforindividualusers different countries,butregistration ing separateapplicationsinseveral is thatitworksoutcheaperthanfil- cover thecost.Iknow theargument me is[comingupwithfunds]to disadvantage forindependentslike creator tobemoreatpeace.Thebig at For furtherinformation,contactMr. Oyono [email protected] A design from design A Mr. Oyono’s portfolio Oyono’s Mr. national French-Cameroon .no With signer, basedin sports carde- Paul Oyonoisa

Mr. Jean- ♦ 13 WIPO Magazine/May-June 2005 14 WIPO Magazine/May-June 2005 awards from iF, Reddot, and Reddot, iF, from awards Recognized for its compact its for Recognized Blackberry based on simplicity, balance simplicity, on based Siemens SK65, the first the SK65, Siemens and sophisticated design, sophisticated and with an ingeniously simple ingeniously an with mobile phone to offer to phone mobile and symmetry, combined symmetry, and communication via its via communication DESIGNS GSM Association. GSM mechanical solution. mechanical complete e-mail complete function, won function, 1 trends. uct designsandreflectonemerging sample someaward-winningprod- consumer’s desires.Inthisarticlewe tiful, theconsumer’s needswiththe mony: thepracticalwithbeau- good design,thetwowork inhar- where functionmeetsform. And in and apalmfullofblisters.Designis the differencebetweenafirmgrip wood-worker usingascrewdriver, tween clarityandconfusion;fora ing information,thedifferencebe- or un-cool;forawebsite-userseek- makes thedifferencebetweencool a teenagerchoosing T-shirt, it Design makesallthedifference.For mobile phoneortelevisionset. customers tochoose leaders viewitheachothertolure electronics sector, where market nologically sophisticatedconsumer success. Thisisevidentinthetech- ing heavilyindesignascentralto ment strategiesandarenowinvest- re-thinking theirproductdevelop- stay aheadofthecompetitionare on theirtechnologicalinnovationto Companies whichpreviouslyrelied Design asscience Interview withtheFinancial Times, April 29,2005 WINNING DESIGNS their

Credit: Siemens press pictures latest television set. Two justable colorsisdiffusedbehindthe Ambilight ence ledtoPhilips’developmentof laxing television-watchingexperi- bient lightingmakesforamorere- Research showing thatadaptedam- human needs,desiresandbehavior. gists andpsychologists toresearch ative designers,butalsoanthropolo- Design employsnotonlytopcre- to thecompany’s success.Philips doubt oftheimportancedesign (iF) awards inGermany, hasno 2005 InternationalForumDesign which collected12awardsatthe The DutchelectronicsgroupPhilips, notes thattheinnovative arched Korean companyLGElectronics. of otheriFawardwinners,suchas trends arereflectedinthedesigns crease aproduct’s appeal. These which softershapesandcolorsin- tributes; anda“feminization,”in appeal, includingmorehumanat- are endowedwithgreateremotional “humanization,” inwhichproducts tion. Healsonotesatrendtowards all simplicity, bothinformandfunc- Stefano Marzanohighlightsabove Creative DirectorofPhilipsDesign design, ChiefExecutiveOfficerand Among currenttrendsinindustrial ners inMay. sions wereamongtheiFdesignwin- is addingcomplexity.” cal complexity. …Now isarejectionofwhatever there products weretryingtoimpresswiththeirtechnologi- “There wasatimeinthe1970sand1980swhen , inwhichlightwithad- Ambilight –

televi- Stefano Marzano, PhilipsDesign. sign program ofPurdueUniversity, two studentsfromtheindustrialde- prize waswonbyaprofessorand vealed anabundanceofideas.First Competition, heldin Taiwan, re- 2004 InternationalBicycleDesign objects isanongoingchallenge.The Improving thedesignofeveryday tion fromflashierrivals. unchanging inthefaceofcompeti- which hasenduredthetestoftime, icon ofsimple,practicaldesign, the 1930s,drewpraiseasanunsung by theHungarianBirobrothersin tenner” or£10).Thebiro,patented design innovation(i.e.for“undera choice forthebesteverlowcost or biro,emergedasthepeople’s in whichthehumbleball-pointpen, results ofapoll40,000visitors, seum inFebruary2005published customers. TheLondonDesignMu- ing evenmoreluxuryforwealthy est hightechproduct,oraboutadd- But designisnotjustaboutthelat- Everyday objects “This isnotadesign,thispoem.” Giorgetto Giugiaro,towax lyrical: bodyline, inspiring Italiandesigner, has beencomparedtoahuman uid CrystalDisplay(LCD)monitors back designoftheirLX40seriesLiq- 1 opment inspiredthe2004winnerof vironment andforsustainabledevel- of South Africa, concernfortheen- scheme, runbytheDesignInstitute At the minimal wastage. signed tobelaidanywayaroundfor high recycledcontentandarede- by InterfaceCarpets,whichhavea lifestyle retailerMuji;andcarpettiles desktop speakersbyJapanese award winnersincludedcardboard and naturalmulchingfelt.2004 panels madefromsunflowerseeds, bio-composite materials,suchas noted areadinesstoexperimentwith sign, thecompetitionorganizers bility. Among thetrendsineco-de- bined withenvironmentalresponsi- recognizes designinnovationcom- The organicAWARDS competition cept. life, allfeedingintothedesigncon- nating toxinsandextendingproduct increasing energyefficiency, elimi- rials, reducingwasteinproduction, siderations suchasrecyclingmate- ing abuzzwordindesign,withcon- Sustainable developmentisbecom- Eco-design ding from12potentialinvestors. down. Thedesignhasattractedbid- for greaterstabilitywhenslowing gains balance,thenmovebackout the bicycleismovingandchild merge intoonebackwheel when wheels, whichmoveinwardsto has twoflexiblerearstabilizer to helpchildrenlearningride.It U.S., who produced disa DesignExcellence Award SHIFT, a bike experience. Theyalsohighlighted atmospheric aspectsofthepatient’s greater focusontheemotionaland for designsshowingsensitivityand Awards. The jurorspraisedentries at theprestigious2005Reddot ences werenotedbycommentators design areaofmedicalandlifesci- Positive trendsinthelesstypical lent techniques. be about25percent ofotherequiva- The X-raydoseusedisestimatedto totoe–ofapatient’s injuries. complete picture–literallyfrom enabling medicalstafftohavea within approximately13seconds, centers. Itproducesafullbodyscan tem foruseinemergency medical aging System tems Ltd.The medical scannerfromLodoxSys- Chairperson’s Award was ahightech The winnerofthisyear’s Humanizing medicaldesign exceptional entry: The the Chairperson’s Award forthemost fectively ininternationalmarkets. facturing industrycancompeteef- at ensuringthatthecountry’s manu- “design forexport”initiative,aimed scheme formspartofSouth Africa’s fuel willnotspill.The rable stoves,andifknockedoverthe It issaferthanparaffinorcompa- smoke emissionsreducehealthrisks. used tocookameal,andthelow third ofthewoodordungnormally Systems. Itrequiresonlyaboutone country needsby NewDawnEnergy stove, producedfordeveloping is alowcost,bio-massburning isadigitalX-raysys- Statscan CriticalIm- Vesto disa disa tinue tomakeallthedifference. innovative productdesignwillcon- to life’s necessities,fromeasttowest, From hi-tech tolow, fromluxuries definition ofmoderndesign. seeks analternative tothe Western duction techniques, Mr. Cobonpue with innovative,hand-madepro- boo, abacahempandburipalm– traditional materials–suchasbam- design. Integrating locallysourced, for embodying theidealsof Asian and theGoldenShell Award (2002) Japan GoodDesign Award (2003), and havewonawardsincludingthe acclaimed creationssellworldwide, rior CraftsoftheIslands,Inc.His and manufacturingcompany, Inte- Philippines runsafurnituredesign neth CobonpuefromCebuinthe ern elementsintheirdesigns.Ken- designers fusetraditionalandmod- Many highlysuccessful,individual innovation Combining tradition and award stove users. to reducethepossibilityoferrorby eration ofmedicalappliances,and the useofdesigntosimplifyop- ♦ The “Croissant Sofa” by Sofa” “Croissant The award-winning Philippino award-winning The Vesto stove, Vesto The designer Kenneth designer based on a on based Cobonpue is made from made is Cobonpue modified 25-litre modified buri palm, abaca rope abaca palm, buri paint can. paint and steel. and Chambers preheat Chambers the incoming air, incoming the boosting the boosting stove’s efficiency. stove’s 15 WIPO Magazine/May-June 2005 Photo: C. Pemberton-Pigott one mustalways 16 WIPO Magazine/May-June 2005 “In ordertobe be different.” irreplaceable – CocoChanel IN THEFASHIONINDUSTRY INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY fashion industry. ness ofalltypesbusinessesinthe nerships, andenhancecompetitive- reduce risk,developbusinesspart- management anduseofIPrightsto This articlelooksatthestrategic intellectual property(IP)system. protected andleveragedthroughthe relevance, andagreeonthosetobe manner, determinetheirbusiness valuable intangibleassetsinatimely ness managersneedtoidentifysuch original creativeexpressions.Busi- fashion industry, isinnovation and all businesses,includingthoseinthe source ofcompetitive advantage for business environment,theprimary intellectual assets.Inthecurrent attention, ifany, toprotectingsuch medium-sized enterprisespaylittle ready-to-wear. Yet many smalland ion industry, beithighfashionor marketing ofproductsinthefash- tellectual capitaltothecreationand doubts thetremendousvalueofin- in thefashionindustry. Noone plied intellectualcreativityandskill boots –alltheseareproductsofap- Wang Versace’s pects, whichmayrelatetoathree- original ornamentaloraestheticas- others fromexploitingitsnewor sign helpstheownertopreventall fashion industry. Registration ofade- – isthemostclearlyrelevantto – alsosimplyreferredtoasdesigns the protectionofindustrialdesigns designs. Among therangeofIPtools, At theheartoffashionarefresh,new Designs wedding dress, medusamotif,the Dr. Martens Vera

Credit photos: Hermès least tobeginwith.Somecountries always amajorfinancialburden,at Moreover, designprotectionisnot pulous competitorswhodoso. from copyingit,andtofightunscru- design shouldhelptodeterothers case-by-case basis.Registeringa design havetobeconsideredona The argumentsforregisteringa new volved. erable timeandfinancialcostin- season –doesnotjustifytheconsid- more thanonesix-to-twelvemonth, short productlifecycle–oftenno registering fashiondesignsisthatthe frequently citedexplanationfornot as works ofappliedart.However, a equately protectedbycopyrightlaw tries, fashiondesignsmaybead- protect thesedesigns.Insomecoun- regional designlawtoregisterand made ofrelevantnationaland/or nificant investment,littleuseis signs eachseason.Despitethissig- sums tocreatenewandoriginalde- The fashionindustryinvestshuge see page10.) some definitionsofindustrialdesign, feature, suchasatextileprint.(For shape ofahat,ortwo-dimensional dimensional feature,suchasthe

IP AND BUSINESS fashion housesstrivetocreatesuch today, forUS$5,000asuit.Many Chanel inthe1930s–isstillsold Chanel cover ofLIFEMagazine.Theclassic appeared carryingthebagon Princess GraceKellyofMonaco which grewtofamein1956after Hermès period attheFrenchfashionhouse pieces. Thereisaoneyearwaiting pass. Manyitemsbecomeclassical go intheblinkofaneye,somenever While fashiontrendsmaycomeand 25 countriesoftheEU. available tothepublicinanyof on whichthedesignisfirstmade three years,startingfromthedate tection foramaximumperiodof nity designrightoftheEUofferspro- register. The designs beforedecidingwhichto all thosethatwishtotestmarketnew nesses withlimitedbudgets,andfor useful forfashiondesignersorbusi- wherever available,isextremely Unregistered designprotection, a relativelyshortperiodoftime. protection (EU), offeran Kingdom andtheEuropeanUnion and regions,suchastheUnited suit–designedbyCoco fortheclassic“Kelly”Bag, The Hermès Kelly Bag Kelly Hermès The and the new Hermès new the and Plume Bag – Hermès is Hermès – Bag Plume one of the top ten users ten top the of one forindustrialdesigns of the Hague System for System Hague the of the international the registration of industrial of registration designs (see page 10), page (see designs

with hundreds of hundreds with designs registered designs unregistered commu- through the System. the through unregistered formof a young,facelessboywithspiky the trademarkitself,whichdepicted ago, allthatthecompanyhadwas cents acrossEurope.Butnotsolong of casualfashionweartoadoles- industry. Pickwick now sellsarange successful businessinthefashion gic useofatrademarktobuild an interestingexampleofthestrate- Pickwick The Italianclothescompany, up company inthefashionindustry. just asimportantforasmallorstart- by copyright law. Trademarks are and protectionofassociatedartwork through registrationoftrademarks names andfiercely protectthese their customersthroughbrand equity. Mostdevelopabondwith Big fashionhousesvaluetheirbrand Branding andtrademarks secret untilitcomestomarket. who maywanttokeeptheirdesign and manynationalsystems,forthose System, theEUcommunitymark, feature, offeredundertheHague months. Thisisaparticularlyuseful cation bedeferredforupto30 – thatthepublicationofappli- quest atthetimeoffiling–notafter ing thedesign.Itispossibletore- best waytopreventothersfromus- istered industrialdesignmaybethe span, filinganapplicationforareg- For fashionitemswithalonglife on theircreativework. imitators willbeableto‘freeride’ the appropriateIPprotectionintime, succeed, iftheyhavenotobtained classic designpieces.Whenthey ( www.pickwick.net ), offers novozymes.com and microorganisms( company specializinginenzymes Novozymes partners orinvestors. portfolio couldhelpattractbusiness weather-resistant, etc.Such apatent crease, oraresofter, ormore in inventingnewfabricsthatdonot ample, reflecttechnicalsuperiority portfolio ofpatentsmay, forex- ness aheadofthecompetition. A tion canequallyputafashionbusi- ion industry. Yet technical innova- to mindwhenconsideringthefash- Patents maynotimmediatelyspring Patents trademark. toring andcontrollingtheuseof on marketing,distributionandmoni- tracts themanufacturingandfocuses mark. Today, thecompany subcon- extra forclothesbearingitstrade- logo astrendyandarewillingtopay Teenagers perceive thePickwick from agarage. costs werekeptlowbyoperating shops inRome.Initially, thebusiness distributing themthroughthelocal ing hisdistinctivetrademarkand lar styleappealtoteenagers,add- items hejudgedwouldhaveparticu- started hisbusinessbyselecting hairstyle. Thetrademarkowner , aDanishbiotech ), pioneeredthe www. ents andpatentapplications, holds morethan4,200activepat- censed worldwide.Thecompany and fabricfinishinghasbeenli- improving productionmethods Today, Novozymes’ technology for under licensefromNovozymes. ishing industrywasusingcellulase three years,mostofthedenimfin- give thefabricaworn look. Within indigo dyefromdenimsoasto lase, whichremovessomeofthe based onanenzymecalledcellu- denim jeans.Thistechnologyis treatment of“stonewashed” and patentedatechnologyforthe in 1987 involved inthefashionindustry, of fabrics.Thoughnotpreviously use ofenzymesinthetreatment found inyourcloset. main dry, canprobably be sports socksthatalwaysre- dard washingmachineor that canbecleanedinastan- Israeli patents,suchassuits tion. Products resulting from growing againststiff competi- has kepttheindustryaliveand clothing andthisinnovation inventing waystoimprove country’s textileindustrykeeps Cooperation Institute.The rael ExportandInternational US$1.1 billion,reports theIs- mated atapproximately count forannualexportsesti- textile exporters,whichac- Israel hasover40fashionand Israel’s Textile Patents the company developed >>> 17 WIPO Magazine/May-June 2005 18 WIPO Magazine/May-June 2005 i.e. thetimefromidentifyinganew to shortentheirproductioncycle– information technology(IT)system suberis.htm. wipo.int/sme/en/case_studies/ and Suberiscanbefoundat applications. ThestoryofGrindiSrl sportswear, aswellinmany other facture ofclothing,footwearand Suberis fabricisusedinthemanu- large numberofcountries. The to protectitsuniqueproductina application underthePCTin1998 Grindi filedaninternationalpatent ing andcodifyingthetreatment, waterproof andfireproof. After test- able, unscratchable,stain-resistant, smooth asvelvet,lightsilk,wash- ric madeofcork,saidtobeas vented Suberis,aninnovativefab- The Italiancompany enue fromtheseIPassets. strategy tomaximizeroyaltyrev- pursues apro-activelicensing ion chain, For example,theSpanishretailfash- tity offashionproducts. and speed,tosupplyalimitedquan- business strategy, basedonstealth models, whichunderpinanentire mented, software-basedbusiness to protectthecomputer-imple- businesses, coretradesecretsserve tire valuechain.Insomefashion to logisticsmanagementoftheen- of softwaretoolsforfashiondesign, of keysuppliersand/orbuyers,touse Trade secretsmay range fromalist business models Trade secrets andnew ZARA , usesaproprietary Grindi Srl. in- and cuts,fromwhichitsdesigners agers signalingnewtrends,fabrics streams ofe-mailfromstoreman- months. Thecompanyreceivesdaily competitors takefrom4to12 uct –toamere30days.Mostoftheir trend todeliveringthefinishedprod- next SouthAfricaFashionWeek willrunJuly28to31,2005. ing forward withconfidencethatitisbeingtakenseriously. The from theirculturalheritage.SouthAfrica’s fashionindustryismov- apart from others.Manyofthecountry’s designerstakeinspiration The richcolorsandexoticdesignsinSouthAfricanfashionsetit lection attheFashionWeek. opportunity tolaunchadebutcol- rican designers–winnersgetan competitions foryoungSouthAf- provinces. Theyalsosupporttalent craft inthecountry’s smallerremote hold workshopsfusingfashionand wear andtextiles.Itsorganizers dustry –clothing,accessories,foot- motes theSouthAfricandesignin- Fashion Week exclusivelypro- stage. ers apresence ontheinternational and givingSouthAfrica’s design- creating wealththrough design, ing fashionintoaseriousbusiness, industry hadadvancedindevelop- Fashion Week showedhowfarthe sounding successoflastyear’s try, isnowinitsninthyear. There- was largely unnoticedinthecoun- abundance offashiontalentthat created asashowcaseforthe The SouthAfricaFashionWeek, Fashion DesignSuccessinSouthAfrica chutes, ensuresthatthefinished underground traces andover 400 tem, withsome200kilometersof shops. A high-tech distributionsys- automated facility, andsenttowork ric selectedisimmediatelycutinan quickly preparenewstyles.Thefab- Fashion Week 2004 Week Fashion collection at South African South at Walaza Bongiwe The

Photo: Ivan Naude tors andfinancinginstitutions. an enterpriseintheeyesofinves- plan helpstoenhancethevalueof assets inabusinessormarketing of others.GoodmanagementIP the riskoftramplingoverIPrights raise profitmargins,andtoreduce products, toimprovemarketshare, mercialization ofdifferentiatednew through sale,licensing,andcom- assets servestoboostincome tellectual capitalintheformofIP tal investedinit.Protectingthatin- ativity andbytheintellectualcapi- The fashionindustryisdrivenbycre- ing amarketposition. role inestablishingandconsolidat- of theIPsystem,canplayacritical technology, protectedby thetools strategic useofnewinformation The aboveexamplesshowthatthe copyright law. protected asatradesecretandby on proprietarysoftware,whichis the virtualshop.Thebusinessrelies sign andorderappareldirectlyfrom der companies.Customerscande- ation clothingsolutionsformailor- made-to-measure, masscustomiz- software platformprovider, offering is aBusinesstoclothing order businessmodel.Shirtsdotnet making andfollowingthemade-to- reversing theprocessofdecision the traditionalclothingindustryby shirtsdotnet.com) example, an individualcustomer’s request.For customized productsinresponseto Other fashionhousesuseITtomake within 48hours. items areshippedandarriveinstores Shirtsdotnet aims toreshape (www. ♦ tion andNewProductDevelopment” sme. ThenextarticleintheIPandBusiness serieswilldiscuss“RoleofIPinInnova- business andindustry, pleasevisitthewebsite oftheSMEsDivision atwww.wipo.int/ For moreinformationonvariouspractical aspectsoftheIPsysteminterestto Based on a case study prepared by Aisha Amjad, SMEDA, Ministry of Indus- of Ministry SMEDA, Amjad, Aisha by prepared study case a on Based the labelYahsir Waheed DesignerLawn ful brandofhighquality, printedcottondesignerclothingunder based inLahore, Pakistan,hasproduced andmarketedasuccess- For thepastsevenyearsBrimfulDesigns,atextiledesignstudio Brimful Designs–Pakistan tries and Production, Pakistan; with additional comments from Brimful Designs. Brimful from comments additional with Pakistan; Production, and tries and todeterfurtherwidescalecopying. textile sectorinorder togiveteethdesignprotection legislation profile punitiveactionbytheauthoritiesagainstIPviolatorsin tion currently takestoolong.Theywouldliketoseestrong, high note thattheprocess ofobtainingandimplementingacourtinjunc- able inPakistan,thisremains anexpensiveroute; andBrimfulowners is to confusebuyers.WhileIPlegalcounsel longer replicating theexactdesigns,butcopiesare stillcloseenough As yet,theirbattlecontinues.Theinfringersare no bility oflegalaction. of deterringinfringersandproviding thepossi- Waheed DesignerLawnCollectionwiththeaim 2004 hasregistered alldesignsfortheYahsir 2000. Brimfulengagedlegalcounselandsince under Pakistan’s IndustrialDesignOrdinance (SMEDA), whorecommended seekingprotection dium EnterpriseDevelopmentAuthority seminar organized byPakistan’s SmallandMe- Brimful consultedlocalexpertsatanIPtraining rapid declineinthecompany’s marketshare. A negativebacklashfrom customersledtoa customers. catalogue tosellthefakedesigns,thusconfusingBrimful’s loyal Salesmen usedtheYahsir Waheed DesignerLawn’s product under variouslabelsatathird ofthepriceoriginalproduct. nal designsforitsspring/summercollectionfloodedthemarket large scalecopying.InferiorqualitycopiesofYahsir Waheed’s origi- But in2003theveryexistenceofcompanywasthreatened by (www.yahsirwaheed.com) becoming widelyavail- . Waheed design Waheed a in Shafaat 2003 Yahsir 2003 Amna Model

Photo: Salman Akhter Mahmood 19 WIPO Magazine/May-June 2005 20 WIPO Magazine/May-June 2005 WIPO DeputyDirector meets leadingfigures from theIndianand General RitaHayes international film industry. these twogreatfilmcapitals.” creasing cross-fertilizationbetween culture. Thereisevidenceofin- movies, inanylanguageand ence. “Greatstoriesmakegreat Inc. attendingtheFRAMESConfer- of America, Picture Association tion Glickman, thePresidentofMo- from ourordinarylives,”saidDan Bollywood moviestakeusaway “Like Hollywoodmovies, romance andstrongfamilythemes. of movie,developedarounddance, Zaara ding, BrideandPrejudice tional hitssuch as Bollywood, withrecentinterna- one manifestationofthis. The “Bollywood”filmindustryis place. in theglobalentertainmentmarket- and India’s risingleadershipposition entertainment sectorboominIndia try (FICCI),FRAMESreflectedthe Chambers ofCommerceandIndus- initiative oftheFederationIndian tainment: It’s happeninginIndia 6 inMumbaionthetheme: annual convention from April 4to Asian region,FRAMEShelditssixth tainment industryleadersofthe A not-to-be-missedeventforenter- , representsaparticularkind Monsoon Wed- ENTERTAINMENT: IT’S HAPPENING and Enter- Veer . An outsourced toIndia,andwhy the the animationmarketsarebeing explains whysignificantsegmentsof and competitiveproductioncosts creativity, technological capabilities at arapidpace.Thecombinationof the gamingsectorarealsogrowing decade. Theanimationindustryand based industries’growthintothenext the wayforIndiancopyright- talization andbroadbandwillpave Emerging technology such asdigi- tor –followedbyfilm. have beenmadeinthepayTVsec- sion sector–substantialinvestments tributor isexpectedtobethetelevi- pound annualrate. The largestcon- to continueatan18percent com- economy, andgrowth ispredicted of thefastestgrowinginIndian The creativeindustriessectorisone States lagsfarbehindat1.5billion. highest intheworld–United reached arecord3.1billion,the 130 in Tamil. Admissions in2004, south Indianlanguageof Telugu, and cluding 254inHindi,208the duced some934filmsin2004,in- admissions tocinemas.Indiapro- number offilmsproducedand largest intheworld intermsofthe tifies theIndianfilmindustryas tunity,” ment Industry: An UnfoldingOppor- 2005 report PriceWaterhouse Coopers’(PWC) Rising trend presentedatFRAMES,iden- IN INDIA “TheIndianEntertain- tion offilms. order topreventtheillegaldistribu- should bedraftedandexecutedin exhibitors, directorsandactors between producers,distributors, cussed howcontractualobligations prominent NewDelhiIPlawyerdis- Top industryexecutives anda makers attheFRAMESconvention. gram on tiated apioneeringeducationalpro- Together withFICCI, WIPO alsoini- challenges ofpiracy. the publictodealefficientlywith education ofthestakeholdersand through effective enforcement and to provideasecuremarketplace tainment map.Shestressedtheneed Indian positionontheglobalenter- ment andtheconsolidationof edented interestinIndianentertain- which sheunderlinedtheunprec- Hayes gaveakeynoteaddress,in WIPO DeputyDirectorGeneralRita TV ChairmanSubashChandra. tor- producer Yash Chopra andZEE to fansas“BigB”),renowneddirec- film star Amitabh Bachchan (known for InformationandBroadcasting, gathered S.Jaipal Reddy, Minister The FRAMESinauguralceremony 2004.” the regionatUS$565millionin India hasthegreatestpiracylossin into linesoruseillegalsettopboxes. the region:“Consumerseithertap sion piracyisamajorproblemin cording tothePWCreport,televi- to securerightsover content. Ac- depend upontheindustries’ability FRAMES stressedthatsuccesswill creasing. However, discussionsat number ofco-productionsisin-

contracts forIndianfilm- ♦ 1 FLOURISHING FILMINDUSTRY ARGENTINA’S and forBest Actor –atthe2004Ber- Silver Bearawards–forBestPicture ( ’s duced orco-producednationally. ures. Some70newfilmswerepro- of in any othersector, withanincrease film sectorlastyearrosefasterthan enue from Argentina’s exportsinthe cators reflectthisdynamism.Rev- The country’s 2004economicindi- Boosting export revenues screens aroundtheworld. and oncinematelevision cal acclaimatinternationalfestivals, Argentinean filmsarewinningcriti- thors, actorsandproducers. dards ofoutputbythecountry’s au- tional interest,asarethehighstan- film directorsisattractinginterna- new generationoftalentedyoung vision andadvertising industries. A cal capacityof Argentina’s film,tele- cant growthinthesizeandtechni- Recent yearshavewitnessedsignifi- the world. they gainfrom–othercountriesof both whattheygiveto–and crossed globalborders,intermsof diovisual sector, have traditionally These industries,suchasintheau- well astotheirnationaleconomy. industries totheirqualityoflifeas tion madeby thecountry’s cultural preciation forthevaluablecontribu- people possessahighlevelofap- ied cultural diet,the Argentinian tion. Broughtuponarichandvar- and diversityofitsartisticproduc- Argentina isknownforthevibrancy Lost Embrace) Quoted inElPais,May1,2005 1,000 percent wontwoprestigious over the2003fig- El Abrazo Partido El Abrazo from Argentina, SpainandLatin non-governmental organizations as wellothergovernmentaland of Audiovisual Producer of Audiovisual Management SocietyfortheRights (INCAA) andtheSpanishCollective and Audiovisual Arts Cinema support oftheNationalInstitute versity ofBuenos Aires, withthe The seminarwasheldintheUni- tion.” creation, productionandexploita- subject of“Audiovisualworks:their in in April 2005onthe lawyers attendingaWIPOseminar directors, actorsandentertainment conclusion sharedbytheproducers, cializing theirworks.Thiswasthe volved indistributingandcommer- the creators,andforallthosein- means ofprovidingIPprotectionfor copyright andrelatedrightsasthe panded, sohastheimportanceof As theculturalindustrieshaveex- Copyright asatool gage localproducers. side filmcompaniesseekingtoen- sulted inasteadydemandfromout- reputation forprofessionalismre- York inMay. Meanwhile, thesector’s Santa Festival Competitionentry, Lucrecia Martel’s 2004CannesFilm remade byHollywoodas Reinas producers: Fabian Bielinksy’s were boughtbymajorHollywood Rights to Argentinean screenplays Buenos Aires andMardel Plata. annual internationalfilmfestivalsin lin Festival.Crowdsthrongedtothe ( ( Holy Girl), Nine Queens opened inNew ) wasrecently s (EGEDA), Criminal. La Niña Nueve strengthen cultural diversity. edge andtoentertainment, ativity, topromoteaccessknowl- of copyrightasatooltorewardcre- diovisual works,basedonavision approach tothemanagementofau- kets. Theaimwastoofferadynamic tion andaccesstointernationalmar- dies; andissuesrelatingtodistribu- aspects, includingfinancialsubsi- ent sectors;financialandtaxation forms ofcontracts usedinthediffer- gal questions,suchasthevarious America. Discussionsincludedle- ♦ “ [Since the 2001 the [Since “ Director Daniel Director Trapero. His acclaimed His Trapero. I collapse] economic Burman’s poignant Burman’s story of police corruption, police of story to going I’m that decided comedy “Lost Embrace” “Lost comedy “El Bonaerense” was Bonaerense” “El was one of several of one was do what I really want to want really I what do Argentinean films to films Argentinean presented at the 2002 the at presented tell to is which do, stories. enjoy success in the US the in success enjoy Cannes Film Festival. Film Cannes recently. 1 ” – Director Pablo Director – ” 21 WIPO Magazine/May-June 2005 22 WIPO Magazine/May-June 2005 Experts, who contributed to contributed who Experts, The Working Group of Group Working The developing the Guide the developing WIPO-recommended methodology. est findingsfromsurveysusingthe Guide offers,andreportsonthelat- gaps. Thisarticleexplainswhatthe 2003) setouttofillsomeofthese 1 right-Based Industries Economic ContributionoftheCopy- WIPO’s from existingsurveys. made itdifficulttocompareresults odologies, practicesandobjectives countries; anddifferencesinmeth- search indevelopingortransition dence. Buttherewasstilllittlere- tries andregionsbegantogatherevi- terms. Studiesinanumberofcoun- ment couldbedescribedineconomic copyright’s contributiontodevelop- did theinterestindetermininghow dustries expandedinthe1970s,so glected. Butascopyright-basedin- copyright hasbeensomewhatne- about theeconomicsofpatents,while been writteninacademicliterature (IP) professionalsforyears.Muchhas a challengeforintellectualproperty and economicdevelopmenthasbeen Evaluating thelinkbetweencopyright INDUSTRIES: ASSESSING Publication no.893E,available from WIPO e-bookshopon: Guide on Surveying the Guide onSurveying COPYRIGHT-BASED 1

(publishedin THEIR WEIGHT a Copyright-Based Industries ing theEconomicContributionof Member States,the Triggered by interestfrom WIPO Background andpurpose tries added) tributable tothoseindustries mestic Product(GDP)whichisat- tors teams considerthreemain Guide recommendsthatsurvey copyright-based industries,the In ordertomeasurethesizeof Scope on theeconomy. of thepositiveeffectscopyright policy makersneedhardevidence tals ofIParebeingquestioned, dustries? At atimewhen fundamen- Why surveythecopyright-basedin- tween differentstudies. ingful comparisonstobemadebe- and (c)toestablishabasisformean- mendations andresearch methods, to developapracticalsetofrecom- ing thecopyright-basedindustries,(b) marize existingexperienceinsurvey- dustries. TheGuideaims(a)tosum- contribution ofcopyright-basedin- All threeareindustry-focused,sta- in exportsandimports)generated. and legislativepractices. if thisfeedsintogovernmentpolicy and informationsector, particularly that arisefromanation’s creative ingly thecompetitiveadvantages required todemonstrateconvinc- practical tool : thepercentage ofGrossDo- ; and ; employment international trade forevaluatingthe www.wipo.int/ebookshop Statistical proof Guide onSurvey- in theindus- provides indica- (value (share   is ments; ofphotocopyingandre- sical andphotographicinstru- recorders andcomputers;ofmu- ment suchastelevisionsets,CD manufacture andsaleofequip- tion equipment.Theyincludethe core industries,orwithfacilita- ucts jointlyconsumedwiththe dustries, Inter-dependent copyrightin- tive managementsocieties. advertising servicesandcollec- tography, software, visualarts, sic, theatre,film,themedia,pho- ter. These includeliterature, mu- copyright protectedsubjectmat- tion ordistributionandsalesof mance, exhibition,communica- creation, production,perfor- fined as Core copyrightindustries The categoriesare: tributable tothecopyrightelement. tribution shouldbecountedasat- of theseindustries’economiccon- each categoryandwhat percentage guidance astohowestimatefor dependent oncopyright.Itprovides extent towhichtheiractivitiesare categorizes theseaccordingtothe tries toincludeinsurveys,andit The Guideidentifieswhichindus- as economistsandindustryexperts. ing copyrightprofessionalsaswell multidisciplinary approach,involv- indicators. Itrecommendsa or calculatinginformationonthese vey teamsincompiling,extracting out research methodstoassistsur- on aregularbasis.TheGuidesets tistical incharacter, andproduced wholly engaged which dealwithprod- inthe , de- of statisticstoinformpolicymakers. trends, aswellprovidingawealth ready highlightedsomenoteworthy Canada andLatvia.Thesehaveal- ried outinSingapore,theU.S., WIPO guidelines,which werecar- from thefirstsurveysusing Results havenowbeenpublished Latest findings   3 2 weighted copyright factor. basis ofanappropriately industries iscalculatedonthe right-related contributionofthese general wholesale.Thecopy- telephony, transportation and portion oftheirbusiness,suchas copyright generatesaverysmall on copyrightmaterial,andwhere tries Non-dedicated supportindus- copyright legislation). which theyareprotectedby varies accordingtotheextent ment attributabletocopyright and othercrafts.,etc.(Theele- architecture, jewelry, furniture tected material,suchasdesign, tion islinkedtocopyrightpro- which onlypartoftheproduc- Partial copyrightindustries, services. sumption ofcopyrightgoodsand tion, disseminationandcon- vide themeansforproduc- cording material,etc.Theypro- Copyright-based industriesintheUSEconomy, The 2004Report,StephenE. Siwek,EconomistsIncorporated Economic ContributionofCopyrightIndustries inSingapore,LeoKahMun,ChowKitBoe,OngChinHuat,NUSConsulting, 2004. , whichonlyremotelyrely

National UniversityofSingapore. Singapore andcarriedoutbythe Intellectual Property Academy of The studywascommissionedbythe Singapore Letting thestatisticsspeak    that valuegeneratedbythetotal survey took2001dataandshowed Completed inOctober2004,the in vious periods. revolution grewfasterthaninpre- industries linkedtothedigital Unsurprisingly, thosecopyright the economy. idly inresponsetofluctuations contract andexpandmorerap- tors oftheeconomy, theyboth ken, comparedtotraditionalsec- of theeconomy. Bythesameto- overall growthratethantherest These industriesshowedahigher veys. more detailedscopeofthesur- copyright industries,butalsothe flects thedevelopmentof search inthosecountries. This re- than suggestedbypreviousre- considerable, andindeedhigher based industrieswasshowntobe The contributionofthecopyright- results Trends

include thefollowing: running throughthesurvey 2 copyright industriesaccountedfor U.S. economyin2002,while tries accountedfor6percent ofthe added bythe liance. ternational IntellectualProperty Al- Economists IncorporatedfortheIn- The U.S.surveywaspreparedby United StatesofAmerica erage fortheindustry. output, GDPandjobs,thantheav- economy intermsofgeneration tries haveagreaterimpactonthe strates thatthecorecopyrightindus- ment multiplierof11. This demon- for afurther5,givinganemploy- rectly for6persons,andindirectly dustries generatedemploymentdi- of outputbythecorecopyrightin- tiplier effect.Every1milliondollars mented asignificanteconomicmul- The Singaporestudyalsodocu- a striking9.5percent. value ofthecopyrightindustrieswas 2000 and2001,thedeclinein declined by 1.9percentbetween in theeconomiccycle:whileGDP more vulnerabletothefluctuations 7.6 percent. Buttheyalsoproved economy’s averageof rateannual per annum-comparedtothe grew atanaverage of8.9percent From 1986to2001theseindustries 3.5 billionSingaporedollars. vices generatedforeigntradeworth ports ofcopyright goods andser- percent ofthetotalworkforce. Ex- employed 118,600workers or5.8 GDP.industries copyright-based The counted for5.7percent ofthe total copyright-based industriesac- 3 Itshowedthatthevalue core copyright indus- >>> total 23 WIPO Magazine/May-June 2005 24 WIPO Magazine/May-June 2005 5 4 graphic arts. lishing, photographyandvisual lowed bypressandliteraturepub- ware anddatabaseindustries,fol- the Canadianeconomyaresoft- The largestcopyright contributorsto billion dollarsin2002. within 5yearstoreachalmost2.3 exports ofcopyrightgoodsdoubled percent oftheemploymenttotal. The economy .Theyprovidedjobsto6.9 was twicetherateofoverall in thecopyright-basedindustries or mining.Theoverallgrowthrate than thecontributionofagriculture percent in1991. This was greater economy in2002,comparedto3.87 5.38 percent totheCanadian tal copyrightindustriescontributed nications Inc. nadian Heritageby Wall Commu- March 2004,was preparedfor Ca- The studyonCanada,publishedin Canada economy ingeneral. employment ratefortheU.S. at morethandoubletheannual the corecopyrightindustriesgrew Between 1997-2001employmentin tors such asthechemical industry. the equivalentfiguresformajorsec- over US$89billionwerehigherthan erated bythecopyrightindustriesat million workers.Foreignsalesgen- ploying twicethatfigure,i.e.11.47 total copyright-basedindustriesem- core copyrightindustries,withthe workforce wereemployed inthe lion). Over 4percentoftheU.S. an estimated12percent($1,25tril- Sweden and Timo Toivonen, Turku School ofEconomicand Business Administration, Finland, 2005. The EconomicContributions ofCopyright-Based IndustriesinLatvia2000, RobertPicard,Jonkoping University, www.pch.gc.ca/progs/ac-ca/progs/pda-cpb/pubs/economic_contributieconomic_contr_e.pdf The EconomicContributionofCopyright IndustriestotheCanadianEconomyisavailableat: 4 Itshowedthattheto- age contributioninEUcountries. was broadly inlinewiththeaver- tion ofLatvia’s copyright industries showed thattheeconomiccontribu- with otherEUmemberstates portant contributions.Comparisons and databasesmadethemostim- Print media,advertising,software than copyrightrelatedimports. million –orEuro16.7more from LatviageneratedoverEuro35 Latvia. Copyrightrelatedexports cent oftheoverallemploymentin industry, andaccountedfor4.4per- more thanthetextilemanufacturing added). Thiswastwoandhalftimes GDP (Euro315millioninvalue industries contributed4percent of core andinterdependentcopyright statistics, thesurveyshowedthat noting somegapsintheavailable tistics fromtheyear2000.While on thecopyrightagenda. ics ofcopyright,whichisnowfirmly research inthefieldofeconom- vide expertadviceandassistanceto Benin. WIPOwillcontinuetopro- zil, thePhilippines,Russiaand currently ongoinginHungary, Bra- and transitioncountries.Studiesare fectively indeveloped,developing WIPO guidelinescanbeappliedef- These surveysdemonstratethatthe Looking ahead by aninternationalteam Ministry ofCultureandcarriedout whole. Itwascommissionedbythe in Latvia,butCentralEuropeasa the firstsurveyofitskind,notonly Published inFebruary2005,thiswas Latvia 5 usingsta- ♦ increase from71.7millionSFrto with developingcountrieswould 2004/05), resources forcooperation higher thantherevisedbudgetfor quo income. Within aneffectively – lessthan7percentoftheoverall States wereatahistoricallylowlevel while contributionsfromMember private sectorcontinuedtogrow, services providedbyWIPOtothe cent in2006/07.Demandforthe was expectedtogrow by 4.4per- Mrs. Graffignanotedthatincome the levelsetbyMemberStates. deficit, nosurplus,andreservesat services totheprivate sector, no increase inthefeesleviedonWIPO deficits. Thiswasproposedwithno consecutive bienniaofbudgeted budgetary balancefollowingfour 07 introducedapolicybasedon that theProposedBudgetfor2006/ troller CarlottaGraffignastressed the meeting,WIPOFinancialCon- dressing delegatesattheopeningof 531 millionSwissFrancs (SFr). Ad- tee endorsedabudgetamountingto The ProgramandBudgetCommit- posal. were notabletosupportthepro- tions statedatthistimethatthey ber 2005foradoption.Threedelega- WIPO General Assembly inSeptem- Idris. Thiswillnowbesenttothe by WIPODirectorGeneralKamil the 2006-2007bienniumpresented Proposed ProgramandBudgetfor Budget Committeeendorsedthe On April 29the WIPO Program and

budget(onlyeightmillionSFr COMMITTEE MEETINGS Program andBudget of theWIPO2006-2007 Endorsement status wo_pbc_8_inf_1-main1.pdf mdocs/govbody/en/wo_pbc_8/ available at project is125.4millionSFr(details total estimatedcostoftherevised resentatives ofMemberStates.The taken byanindependentjuryofrep- external managementwouldbe the generalcontractorandfor project. Decisiononthetenderfor ment oftheimplementation pany toprovideexternalmanage- contractor andatenderforcom- ternational tenderforthegeneral tender forthebankloan,anewin- would resumein2006followinga tember 2005,constructionwork General Assembly meetinginSep- Subject totheendorsementof for anewadministrativebuilding. fund therevisedconstructionproject for WIPOtotakeoutabankloan Delegates alsosupportedaproposal Funding ofnewbuilding other issues. WIPO Development Agenda or from ongoingdiscussionsonthe any budgetaryimplicationsresulting priate inordertotakeintoaccount could makeadjustmentsasappro- eral Assembly inSeptember2005 proposal, itstipulatedthattheGen- While theCommitteeendorsed untapped. a minimum,leavingreservesalmost 2004/05 bienniumwascontainedat ciency measures,thedeficitin to implementcost-savingandeffi- efforts ledbytheDirectorGeneral 73.7 millionSFr. Thanks tovigorous www.wipo.int/edocs/ ). Chairs oftheCommittee. Montenegro) wereelectedas Vice- Ivana Milovanovic(Serbiaand Li-Feng Schrock(Germany)andMrs. Hyun Ahn (RepublicofKorea). Mr. tee sessionwas chaired by Mr. Jae- The ProgramandBudgetCommit- 2005 onthisquestion. General Assembly inSeptember Committee, andtoreportthe establishment ofa WIPO Audit consider, Program andBudgetCommitteeto open-ended workinggroupofthe Member Statesalsoestablishedan wo_pbc_8_inf_2.pdf govbody/en/wo_pbc_8/ www.wipo.int/edocs/mdocs/ of theJIUareavailableat liminary observationsonthereport ies forconsideration. WIPO’s pre- dations tothecompetentWIPObod- that ittransmittheotherrecommen- dressed totheDirectorGeneral,and dations ofthereportwhicharead- implementation oftherecommen- Assembly inSeptember2005onthe tariat reporttotheWIPOGeneral They recommendedthattheSecre- get, OversightandRelatedIssues.” Bud- in WIPO: and Administration entitled “ReviewofManagement Unit (JIU)inrespectoftheirreport the UnitedNationsJointInspection retariat foritsfullcooperationwith Member StatescommendedtheSec- Implementation ofJIUreport inter alia , proposalsforthe . ♦ 25 WIPO Magazine/May-June 2005 26 WIPO Magazine/May-June 2005 Trademark LawTreaty Basic Text forRevised Member StatesAgree ence. fered tohostthediplomaticconfer- Conference, inwhichSingaporeof- paratory MeetingfortheDiplomatic lowed, on April 25and26,by aPre- (TLT). The SCTmeetingwas fol- of theRevised Trademark Law Treaty matic Conferenceforthe Adoption basis fornegotiationsattheDiplo- agreed onatexttobeproposedas which metfrom April 18to22, and GeographicalIndications(SCT), of Trademarks, IndustrialDesigns The StandingCommitteeontheLaw      ering: SCT proposesnewprovisionscov- mark offices.Thetextagreedbythe followed inproceduresbeforetrade- duced standardrequirementstobe The TLT, concluded in1994,intro- revised TLT Basic proposal forthe sembly oftheContractingParties. andtheestablishmentofanas- limits havebeenmissed; relief measureswhencertaintime censes; the recordingoftrademarkli- signs; marks) aswellnon-visible marks, positionmarksormotion such ashologrammarks,color (and certainformsofvisiblesigns, marks, includingvisiblesigns representation ofalltypes the formalitiesconcerning munications; applications andassociatedcom- the electronicfilingoftrademark sembly inSeptember2005. tion tothenext WIPO General As- meeting agreedtodeferthisques- be thevenueforconference, ready decidedthatGenevawould WIPO General Assembly hadal- conference. As theSeptember2004 Singapore tohostthediplomatic offer madebytheGovernmentof The meetingnotedwithgratitudean be invitedasobservers. and allobserverstotheSCTwould manent observerstatuswithWIPO, well asallorganizationswithper- who arenotmembersofWIPO,as ber statesoftheUnitedNations ence asmemberdelegations.Mem- invited totheDiplomaticConfer- Organization (ARIPO)shouldbe can RegionalIntellectualProperty Organization (OAPI) andthe Afri- the African IntellectualProperty WIPO, theEuropeanCommunity, decided thattheMemberStatesof for thediplomaticconference.It the provisionalrulesofprocedure Adoption ofaRevised TLT adopted Diplomatic Conferenceforthe The PreparatoryMeetingforthe Diplomatic Conference Preparations forthe ference fromMarch 3to31,2006. be presentedatthediplomaticcon- ber Statesona“basicproposal”to There wasconsensusamongMem- ♦ matic topics. presentations onthedifferentthe- interests andopinions,delivered of experts,representingabalance and nationalbestpractices.Panels from IPassets,technologytransfer competition policy, creatingvalue rights inthedigitalenvironment, biodiversity, copyright andrelated lic health,traditionalknowledge, spectrum ofissues,includingpub- opment and publicpolic Under thetwobroadthemesof Trade Organization(WTO). nization (WHO),andthe World (UNIDO), the World HealthOrga- dustrial Development Organization (UNCTAD), theUnitedNationsIn- ference on Trade andDevelopment jointly withtheUnitedNationsCon- ties. The seminarwas organized civil society, industryanduniversi- stakeholders fromgovernments, representing awidecross-sectionof 120 participantsattendedtheevent, facing developingcountries.Over concern, focusingonthechallenges bate onIPissuesofinternational open, inclusiveandinteractivede- nar aimedtoprovideaforumforan Geneva onMay2and3.Thesemi- Property (IP)andDevelopmentin national SeminaronIntellectual Assemblies, WIPO hostedanInter- Members Statesatthe2004General Following adecisiontakenbyits INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR DEVELOPMENT AGENDA: , theseminarcoveredawide y and IP anddevel- en/iim_1/iim_1_6_prov.doc www.wipo.int/edocs/mdocs/mdocs/ The IIMdraftrecordisat: [email protected] available onCD-ROMfrom The proceedingsoftheseminarare WIPO Assemblies. discussions intherun-upto2005 the preliminaryresultsofIIM Magazine willreportseparatelyon WIPO on aDevelopmentAgendafor Intergovernmental Meetings work. Thefirstofthree development dimensionof WIPO’s semblies totakeafreshlookatthe by MemberStatesatthe2004 As- which resultedfromtheagreement meetings onIPanddevelopment, This seminarwasoneinaseriesof countries. to meetingtheneedsofdeveloping examine howIPcanbestcontribute motivated byasharedconcernto Discussions wereconstructiveand rent IPsystemmightbeimproved. exchanged viewsonhow thecur- system playsindevelopment,and world analyzedtherolethatIP Participants fromallregionsofthe IP was heldin April. WIPO . Intersessional ♦ (IIM) 27 WIPO Magazine/May-June 2005 28 WIPO Magazine/May-June 2005 as observers,certainorganizations. Union, andtheEuropeanCommunity; members ofWIPOand/ortheParis Invitations: cultural expressions/folklore. tional knowledgeandtraditional ciples fortheprotectionoftradi- texts ofpolicyobjectivesandprin- sembly, andwillconsiderrevised date establishedby theGeneral As- work basedontherenewedman- The Committeewillcontinueits and Folklore(Eighthsession) Resources, TraditionalKnowledge Intellectual PropertyandGenetic Intergovernmental Committeeon (GENEVA) JUNE 6TO10 States andcertainorganizations. members ofWIPO;asobservers,other Invitations: ation atthissession. development agendaforconsider- proposals ontheestablishmentofa also beeninvitedtosubmitadditional 11 to13,2005.MemberStateshave First sessionofthe IIMheldfrom April submitted byMemberStatesatthe and considerationoftheproposals This sessionwillcontinuediscussions Meeting (IIM)(Secondsession) Inter-sessional Intergovernmental (GENEVA) JUNE 20TO22 are notmembersoftheIPCUnion. members oftheParisUnion,which tain organizations;asobservers,States members oftheIPCUnionandcer- Invitations: tion ofIPCreformresults. projects aimedattheimplementa- posals andwilldiscussvarious consideration ofIPCrevisionpro- The Working Groupwillcontinue teenth session) IPC Revision Working Group (Thir- (GENEVA) JUNE 13TO17 of meetings CALENDAR As members,theStates As members,theStates As members,theStates ties, againstpaymentofafee. Invitations: tors inIntellectualPropertyDisputes. annual WIPO Workshops forMedia- skills taughtbytheinstructorsof to furtherdevelopthemediation A neweventforallpartieswhowish putes diators inIntellectualPropertyDis- Me- WIPO Advanced Workshopfor (GENEVA) JUNE 30 AND JULY 1 ties, againstpaymentofafee. Invitations: dures. ested inWIPOmediationproce- An annualevent forallpartiesinter- Intellectual PropertyDisputes WIPO Workshops forMediatorsin (GENEVA) JUNE 23AND242728 ings/iped_sym_05/). www.wipo.int/academy/en/meet- Worldwide(http:// Academy mended viathewebsiteofWIPO ties. On-lineregistrationisrecom- Invitations: ment ofeducationandresearch. IP communityforfurtherdevelop- and suggestappropriateactiontothe enhanced internationalcooperation world willidentifypossibleareasfor academic institutionsaroundthe tool fordevelopment.Speakersfrom demic institutionsinusingIPasa ticular attentiontotheroleofaca- resources development,paying par- environment inrelationtoIPhuman research willdiscussthechanging tellectual Propertyeducationand The internationalsymposiumonIn- search lectual PropertyEducationandRe- International SymposiumonIntel- (GENEVA) JUNE 30 AND JULY 1 Opentointerestedpar- Opentointerestedpar- Opentointerestedpar- ganizations. servers, otherStatesandcertainor- the EuropeanCommunity;asob- members oftheMadridUnionand Invitations: and Protocol. lations undertheMadrid Agreement amendments totheCommonRegu- Madrid Protocol,andpossible guard clauseenvisagedinthe the refusalprocedureandsafe- Assembly concerningthereviewof ommendations totheMadridUnion The Working Groupwillmakerec- tion ofMarks tem fortheInternationalRegistra- gal DevelopmentoftheMadridSys- Ad hoc (GENEVA) JULY 4 TO 8 nizations. Union; asobservers, certainorga- members ofWIPOand/ortheParis Invitations: lished forthatpurpose. task forces thathave beenestab- reports fromthedifferentSDWG in relatedmatters,andwillreceive existing WIPOstandards,aswell WIPO standardsandtherevisionof its workintheadoptionofnew The Working Groupwillcontinue Group (SDWG)(Sixthsession) dards andDocumentation Working tion Technologies (SCIT)-Stan- Standing CommitteeonInforma- (GENEVA) SEPTEMBER 19TO23 States andcertainorganizations. members ofWIPO;asobservers,other Invitations: 20 to22,2005,respectively. held from April 11to13andJune First andSecondsessionsoftheIIM submitted byMemberStatesatthe and considerationoftheproposals The IIMwillcontinuediscussions Meeting (IIM)(Thirdsession) Inter-sessional Intergovernmental (GENEVA) JULY 20 TO 22 Working Group ontheLe- As members,theStates As members,theStates As members,theStates Free ofcharge French No.920(F),Spanish920(S) Propriété intellectuelleetsavoirstraditionnels Free ofcharge French No.913(F),Spanish913(S) traditionnelles ouexpressions dufolklore La propriété intellectuelleetlesexpressions culturelles Free ofcharge Arabic No.498(A) Looking Good 50.00 francssuisses(portetexpéditionnoncompris) Français No.893(F) industries dudroit d’auteur Guide pourl’évaluationdelacontributionéconomiquedes 40.00 francssuisses(portetexpéditionnoncompris) Français No.ITC/P163(F) et moyennesentreprisesexportatrices Clefs delapropriétéintellectuelle-Guidedestinéauxpetites PRODUCTS NEW ◗ 34, chemin desColombettes,P.O. 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