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County of Cook: Milestones in Health Care

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County of Cook: Milestones in Health Care 1835 Nearly two County of Cook: 1840 Centuries of 1850 1860 Health Services to A DISTINGUISHED HERITAGE OF HEALTH 1870 the Community 1880 1890 1900 1910 Milestones in Health Care 1920 1930 John H. Stroger, Jr. President, Introduction1940 Cook County Board of Commissioners In 1835, four years after Cook County Government was incorporated, the first health services,The Public Alms House for the poor, was estab- lished. Now, 165 years later, this has evolved into1 9the5 Cook0 County Bureau of Health Services, an innovative, cost-efficient system of integrated healthcare.Today, it is the second largest division of Cook County Government and one of the largest public health systems in 1the960 country, caring for more than 1.5 million people every year. From that day when the County first became responsible for ministering to the sick poor, we have taken our charge very seriously. And, as you’ll 1970 see in this exhibit, we have attracted many of the pioneers of medicine whose work earned Cook County Hospital and Provident Hospital reputations for professional excellence around the world. 1980 T h extr is e delivery of healthcare services and it celebrates the vital role the Cook 1990 aordinaryxh role that Cook County Government has played in the County Bureau of Healthibit recogn Se d istinguished history. 2000 T h time andis e effort, and those that continue to work today to meet the izes the milestones that so richly represent the healthcare needsxhibit of also the honorsresi the healthcare providers who have given of their pr 2002 who continueofessi to work tirelessly to ensure that healthcare is available and accessib apprec onals w le to anyone, regardless of their ability to pay, we extend our deep iati rv ho have been a par ices plays as the ar on and our g dents of Cook County.To all the healthcare ratitud t of our d ch e f itect of such a or a job well done. is tinguished history, to those 1835 County of Cook: 18351840 1850 In compliance with an Illinois law, the County opened a small 1860 almshous A DISTINGUISHED HERITAGE OF HEALTH square where the poor and the sick 1870 we 1880 re hous e on a do 1890 ed togethe 1900 wnto 1910 Milestones in Health Care wn pub 1920 r. 1930 lic 1836 1940 Twenty-three-year-old Dr Daniel Brainard rode into town and quickly 1950 developed a reputation as a skilled p Newhysician Y and surgeon. Trained in Medical College and championed for Tippecanoe Hall, a forerunner to County Countyork, Hospital. he founded Dr. Rush Brainard was among the first 1960 physicians in the country to practice "painless surgery" by using ether as an anesthetic. He believed science, like religion should be taught without a price. 1970 1847 1980 Ove demics of scarlet fever rw and smallpox, city and county 1990 of helmed by epi- warehouseficials atpaid Kinzie $846 and to convert State a Streets into a makeshift hospital known as T than practicing isolation, one hundred patients with various 2000 contagious diseases were crammed together in a small space creating an aroma that was reported to beippecanoe "pun- Hall. Rather gent and particularly unpleasant". In 1851 county officials contracted with a local farmer to move some 2002 residents to a poor farm now known as 6500 W later became State Mental Hospital. est Irving Park Road which A DISTINGUISHED HERITAGE OF HEALTH 1835 County of Cook: 1840 1850 1860 1870 1880 1890 1900 Milestones in Health Care 1910 1920 1930 1940 Dr.George Amerman 1950 18581960 1970 Drs George Amerman and Joseph Ross are often considered the god- 1980 fathers of Cook County Hospital. 1990 After leading an energetic crusade for a public hospital, they leased a 2000 building at 18th and Arnold and contracted with the County to 2002 care for the sick poor. 1862 Dr.Joseph Ross The federal government converted the facilities to a military hospital to car Civil War casualties and renamed it Desmarres Eye and Ear Hospital. Following the war, Drs. Amerman and Ross resumed management and became staunch advocates of a lar to “car and for “the clinical instruction of students”. Thisger, hospital permanent facility e for would evolve to ebecome of the indigentCook poor” County Hospital. 1835 County of Cook: 18661840 1850 The Old Cook County Hospital Opens at 18th and Arnold Streets 1860 A DISTINGUISHED HERITAGE OF HEALTH D medicaluring needs the 1850s,of the Chicago’sindigent. Thepopulation County grewrenovated from a29,000 closed to institution 100,000 and which local becameofficials known struggled as Oldto meet Cook the County Hospital. Initially, the County Board agreed to spend $10,000 on care of the sick at the hospital, but as a result of the increasing number of patients, by the fourth year the cost rose to $30,000 a year who had been the warden at the poorhouse, was transferred to the hospital to serve as the first warden of Cook 1870 County Hospital. • The first patient seen at the new hospital was a German girl, transferred from the poorhouse, who had an • abscessed hand. The first patient admitted to the County Hospital was a Danish immigrant af • Thedied, first andoperation the epidemic was a leg spread amputation to the hospital performed workers. by Dr. George Amerman on a fifty-three year old sailor 1880 with a chronic infection of his tibia. The patient survived. 1890 1900 1910 Milestones in Health Care 1920 1930 flicted with cholera. This man 1862 . Mr 1940 . B. F Civil War hospital The federal government . Chase, converted the facilities to a military 1950 h altiesospital and renamed to care forit Desmarres Civil War casu- Eye and Ear Hospital. Following the war resumed management and became staunch advocates of a larger, per- manent facility to "care of the indi- 1960 , Drs. Amerman and Ross g ent poor" and for "the clinical instruction of students". 1970 1866 1980 Dr. Nils Quales, First Cook County Intern Dr. Nils I. Quales, a graduate of 1990 Rush Medical College, was the first Cook County intern. Dr. Quales was born in Norway and was a veterinary surgeon, before emigrat- ing to America in 1859. During the Civil W 2000 in the Union Army. After his internship, he was appointed as the City Physician ofar, Chicago. he was Latera regular soldier went on to practice for many years in the Wicker Park area of the City. During the Chicago Fire in 1871, 2002 he, and his wife, commandeered an express wagon and rescued sixty-seven men from the Marine Hospital. In 1910, the King of Norway made him a Knight of Olaf, in recognition of his out standing work. Dr. Quales died at the age of eighty-three in 1914. , he - A DISTINGUISHED HERITAGE OF HEALTH 1835 County of Cook: 1840 1850 1860 1870 1880 1890 1900 Milestones in Health Care 1910 Cook County Hospital F 1920 1930 1940 1950 18711960 emale 1970 1980 W ard 1990 “trouble in the 2000 Women’s WardW 2002 with the rats e had knocking off the codliver oil bottles in order to br and get to the contents. eak the bottle Dr. E. Fletcher Ingals, 1871 ” 1835 County of Cook: 18811840 1850 First Woman Intern at Cook County Hospital 1860 A DISTINGUISHED HERITAGE OF HEALTH Mary Elizabeth Bates, a graduate of the W M and lateredical moved School) to Denver was the where first female she served intern as at a Cookgeneral County practitioner Hospital. and She advocate taught for at Women’swomen’s andMedical College, children’s rights. 1870 1880 1890 o men’ 1900 s Medical College of Chicago, (later 1910 Milestones in Health Care 1920 , Northwestern University 1930 1880 1940 An operating room at Cook County Hospital. For those who could afford it, 1950 s urgical procedures were carried out in private residences. At the time, few hospitals had more e quipment than a physician possessed in is bag or at his of 1960 1970 1880 1980 fice. In response to charges that nur were often women of loose morals 1990 and "tramps that steal the patients' food", Dr Sarah Hackett Stevenson launched the Illinois Trainings School for Nurses. Prior to thates of the ti time, patients usually men with lengthy hospital stays were often 2000 considered the best nurse candidates. me 2002 1835 County of Cook: 1890s1840 1850 Young Cook County doctors filled the teaching amphitheater to hear186 0 A DISTINGUISHED HERITAGE OF HEALTH such giants of medicine as Dr. Christian Fenger discuss the latest antiseptic techniques and Dr. Nicholas Senn, the author of 23 books on surgery, share his insight into new procedures. 1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 Milestones in Health Care 1920 1930 1893 1940 Nurses’ training program at Provident Hospital started as a result of 1950 h aving no nurse training program that admitted African-American women. 1960 1970 1896 1980 Cook County’s medical fac were generallyi regarded as the best 1990 designed in thelities country. i n the 1880s 2000 2002 C O O K C O A DISTINGUISHED HERITAGE OF HEALTH U 1835 County of Cook: N 1840 T 1850 Y 1860 : 1870 1880 G 1890 I 1900 A Milestones in Health Care 1910 N 1920 T 1930 S 1940 1950 I 1960 N 1891 Dr 1970 . J os H Dr. Joseph B. DeLee 1980 eph B. Interned at CCH in 1891, 1990 E and witnessed many deaths during childbirth. 2000 A DeLee His determination to 2002 L impr obstetrics led to many T improvementsove inthe home practice of deliveries, to the founding H Babies on the way to mothe of the University of C early 1900s Chicago Lying-In Hospital, and better standards of A obstetric care.
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