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Vývoj Olympijských Výkonů Ve Snowboardingu V U-Rampě

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Vývoj Olympijských Výkonů Ve Snowboardingu V U-Rampě UNIVERZITA KARLOVA Fakulta tělesné výchovy a sportu Vývoj olympijských výkonů ve snowboardingu v U-rampě Diplomová práce Vedoucí diplomové práce: Vypracoval: PhDr. Matouš Jindra, Ph.D. Bc. David Ježek Praha, 2020 Prohlašuji, že jsem závěrečnou diplomovou práci zpracoval samostatně a že jsem uvedl všechny použité informační zdroje a literární prameny. Tato práce ani její podstatná část nebyla předložena k získání jiného nebo stejného akademického titulu. V Praze, dne …………………………… podpis diplomanta Evidenční list Souhlasím se zapůjčením své diplomové práce ke studijním účelům. Uživatel svým podpisem stvrzuje, že tuto diplomovou práci použil ke studiu a prohlašuje, že ji uvede mezi použitými prameny. Jméno a příjmení: Fakulta / katedra: Datum vypůjčení: Podpis: ______________________________________________________________________ Poděkování Rád bych touto cestou poděkoval především PhDr. Matouši Jindrovi, PhD. za odborný a vřelý přístup, velmi cenné rady, časovou flexibilitu a v neposlední řadě velkou trpělivost při konzultacích. Dále bych rád poděkoval rodině a nejbližším přátelům, kteří mě po celou dobu studia podporovali. Abstrakt Název: Vývoj olympijských výkonů snowboardingu v U-rampě Cíle: Cílem diplomové práce je analýza výkonů snowboardistů v U-rampě a parametrů tratí v letech 1998 až 2018 na zimních olympijských hrách. Metody: Hlavní metodou bylo pozorování a porovnávání závodníků v U-rampě. V každém ročníku ZOH byli vybráni 3 nejlepší sportovci a sportovkyně v dané kategorii. V diplomové práci byla použita metoda porovnávání, pozorování a obsahová analýza. Výsledky: Výsledky přinášejí přehled jednotlivých jízd v U-rampě na ZOH od roku 1998 do roku 2018 v závislosti na zvolených kritériích pozorování. Dále porovnávají vzájemně jednotlivé jízdy a poukazují na vývoj výkonů. Závěr: Vývoj vybraných parametrů byl znatelný, avšak ne zcela kontinuální. Dvě hypotézy byly vyvráceny a jedna potvrzena. Klíčová slova: snowboard, výkon, soutěž, vývoj, U – rampa Abstract Title: Development of Olympic snowboarding performances on the halfpipe Objective: The aim of the diploma thesis is to analyze the performance of snowboarders on the halfpipe in the years 1998 to 2018 at the Winter Olympics Games. Methods: The main method was to observe and compare the competitors on the halfpipe. In each year of the Olympic Games, the 3 best athletes in the given category were selected. The method of comparison, observation and content analysis was used in the diploma thesis. Results: The results bring an overview of individual rides in the halfpipe at the Winter Olympics Games from 1998 to 2018, depending on the selected observation criteria. They also compare individual rides and point out the development of performance. Conclusion: The development of selected parameters was noticeable, however not completely continuous. Two hypotheses were refused and one was confirmed. Keywords: snowboard, achievement, competition, development, halfpipe Obsah 1 ÚVOD ................................................................................................................................... 11 2 HISTORIE SNOWBOARDINGU ............................................................................................... 13 3 VÝKONNOST VE SNOWBOARDINGU ..................................................................................... 20 3.1 STRUKTURA SPORTOVNÍHO VÝKONU ............................................................................................. 20 3.1.1 Somatické faktory ........................................................................................................ 22 3.1.2 Kondiční faktory ........................................................................................................... 22 3.1.3 Faktory techniky ........................................................................................................... 23 3.1.4 Faktory taktiky ............................................................................................................. 24 3.1.5 Psychické faktory ......................................................................................................... 24 4 CHARAKTERISTIKA SOUTĚŽNÍCH DISCIPLÍN ........................................................................... 26 4.1 ALPSKÉ DISCIPLÍNY .................................................................................................................... 26 4.2 FREESTYLE ............................................................................................................................... 26 4.3 SNOWBOARDCROSS / BOARDERCROSS .......................................................................................... 27 5 HALF PIPE (U-RAMPA) .......................................................................................................... 28 5.1 HODNOTÍCÍ KRITÉRIA ................................................................................................................. 28 5.2 ZÁKLADNÍ TERMINOLOGIE ........................................................................................................... 31 5.2.1 Obecné ......................................................................................................................... 31 5.2.2 Grabs ............................................................................................................................ 33 5.2.3 Základní skoky .............................................................................................................. 34 6 CÍLE A ÚKOLY PRÁCE ............................................................................................................ 36 6.1 STANOVENÍ HYPOTÉZ ................................................................................................................. 36 6.2 METODOLOGIE ......................................................................................................................... 37 7 VÝSLEDKOVÁ ČÁST ............................................................................................................... 39 7.1 ZOH NAGANO 1998 ................................................................................................................ 39 7.1.1 Organizátorská struktura ............................................................................................. 39 7.1.2 Muži ............................................................................................................................. 40 7.1.3 Ženy .............................................................................................................................. 43 7.2 ZOH SALT LAKE CITY 2002 ........................................................................................................ 46 7.2.1 Organizátorská struktura ............................................................................................. 46 7.2.2 Muži ............................................................................................................................. 47 7.2.3 Ženy .............................................................................................................................. 49 7.3 ZOH TURÍN 2006 .................................................................................................................... 51 8 7.3.1 Organizátorská struktura ............................................................................................. 52 7.3.2 Muži ............................................................................................................................. 52 7.3.3 Ženy .............................................................................................................................. 55 7.4 ZOH VANCOUVER 2010 ............................................................................................................ 57 7.4.1 Organizátorská struktura ............................................................................................. 57 7.4.2 Muži ............................................................................................................................. 58 7.4.3 Ženy .............................................................................................................................. 60 7.5 ZOH SOCHI 2014 .................................................................................................................... 62 7.5.1 Organizátorská struktura ............................................................................................. 62 7.5.2 Muži ............................................................................................................................. 63 7.5.3 Ženy .............................................................................................................................. 65 7.6 ZOH PCHJONGJANG 2018 ......................................................................................................... 68 7.6.1 Organizátorská struktura ............................................................................................. 68 7.6.2 Muži ............................................................................................................................. 68 7.6.3 Ženy .............................................................................................................................. 71 8 TENDENCE VÝVOJE VÝKONŮ A JEDNOTLIVÝCH PARAMETRŮ ................................................ 75 8.1 PARAMETRY TRATÍ .................................................................................................................... 75 8.2 ANALÝZA JÍZD ..........................................................................................................................
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