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by the students of THE GARY AND JERRI-ANN JACOBS HIGH TECH HIGH Designed, and Edited By Chandler Garbell & Evan Morikawa © 2005 The Gary and Jeri-Ann Jacobs High Tech High Acknowledgements: Table of Contents Acknowledgements: 2 The students of High Tech High would like to extend their deepest gratitude for Evan Morikawa the support, advice, guidance, and efforts of Dr. Jay Vavra (biology), Mr. Tom Fehren- Intent of Study: 12 bacher (humanities) and Mr. Rodrigo Buenviaje (mathematics). Without them, this book Integrated Project Based Learning Dr. Jay Vavra 13 would have been a mere shadow of what it is today. FAUNA 15 Photos by Jay Vavra, Chandler Garbell, Zeke Koziol, and Christina Hernandez Intro To Biology Evan Morikawa 16 Chandler Garbell We would like to thank the team member support of the Geographic Information Systems, a Scalable Skills Certification Program in GIS, a National Science Foundation- Taxonomy Evan Morikawa 18 Advanced Technological Education Research Partnership between San Diego Mesa Col- Evan Morikawa lege, San Diego State University, and San Diego City Schools. Evolution 20 Tips for Exploring Tides Eric Broude 22 Specials thanks go to Anthony Howser for his tireless efforts and for his mastery Introduction to Dichotomous Key Evan Morikawa 23 of mapping. Dichotomous Key (Vertebrates) Josefina To 24 We wish to acknowledge that the satellite and aerial photography is courtesy of Dichotomous Key (Invertebrates) Eric Broude 27 the USGS and the IGPP Visualization Center. Alexander Ferbrache Thanks to the San Diego Historical Society, especially Cindy Krimmel for help- PORIFERA Richard Hill 31 ing organize our research. Breadcrumb Sponge Angeline Aguigam 31 A special thank you to Muriel Strickland for her help on San Diego Bay mapping CNIDARIA Zach Barhoumi 33 history. Mrs. Strickland provided unparalleled access to San Diego Historical Society’s Burrowing Anemone David Giamanco 34 Archives. She served as a close mentor and advisor in research of S.D. Bay maps. This could not have been done it without her. Aggregating Anemone Zach Barhoumi 34 PLATYHELMINTHES Nate Heidere 36 Thanks to Professor Paul Dayton of Scripps Institution of Oceanography for his Melvin Jackson critical review of our speculation on sea anemone abundance. BRYOZOA 37 Encrusting Bryozoan Melvin Jackson 37 Also thanks to Dr. Kirk Fitzhugh, Associate Curator of Polychaetes at the Los ECHINODERMATA Jesse Lawrence 38 Angeles Natural History Museum for demystifying the mysterious segmented worms of the Bay. Giant Sea Star Jesse Lawrence 39 MOLLUSCA Shaun Tatz 41 Finally, thanks to James Jim Peugh of the San Diego Audobon Society, one of the most respected and influential environmental conservationists, for his assistance on the File Limpet Stephen Csanadi 42 “Environmental Stewards of the Bay.” Bubble Snail Carly Pandza 42 Patricia Atalla A warm acknowledgement to Jane Goodall for her inspiration to bring together knowledge, compassion and action in this book. Rough Limpet Alex Chee 42 Kevin Cisneros Thanks to the staff and ships’ crews of the Nimitz Marine Facility for “showing Slipper Snail Derrek Gudino 43 us the ropes” and everything else involved in the oceanographic research of SIO. Ricky Gonzalez Also thanks to Wayne Nuzzolo of Midway Magic for coordination of our field trip to the Midway Museum. Gray Periwinkle Will Gomez 43 Scaled Worm Shell Cyrus Mostashari 44 Special gratitude for the Regional Occupational Program and What Kids Can Navanax Zeke Koziol 44 Do for providing the financial support that allowed us to do our research on the Bay. 2 3 Dorid Nudibranch Andrew Fernandez 45 Northern Pintail Kevin Cisneros 66 California Sea Hare Chandler Garbell 45 Alex Chee Bay Mussel Danielle Santos 46 Common Merganser Maria Zimmerman 67 Pacific Oyster Merlin Gunn-Cicero 46 Redheaded Duck Maria Zimmerman 67 Mossy Chiton Lee Jacobs 47 Surf Scoter Maria Zimmerman 68 Two-spotted Octopus Evan Morikawa 47 PACIFIC FLYWAY Ricky Gonzalez 68 Ross Zafar AVES: SHOREBIRDS Ross Zafar 69 ANNELIDA Clare Crisafi 49 Willet John Horn 70 Cirratulidae Clare Crisafi 49 Marbled Godwit Derrek Gudino 70 Nereididae Clare Crisafi 50 Max Abbey ARTHROPODA Daniel Schultheis 52 Western Gull Kevin Strong 71 Striped Barnacle Alex Ferbrache 53 Great Blue Heron Sabrana Boyd 71 Beejay Buduan Lesser Blue Heron Stephen Csanadi 72 Red Ghost Shrimp Lee Jacobs 53 Jeff Lathrop Khoa Tran Snowy Egret Daniel Schultheis 72 Striped Shore Crab Ross Zafar 54 Long-billed Curlew Carly Pandza 73 Evan Morikawa Solitary Sandpiper Eliot Ross 73 Rock Louse Jeff Lathrop 54 AVES: DIVING BIRDS Alex Bethea 74 CHORDATA Khoa Tran 55 Evan Morikawa UROCHORDATA Alex Chee 58 Belted Kingfisher Christina Hernandez 75 Tunicate Tiana Poanessa 58 Brandt Cormorant Zach Barhoumi 75 Kevin Strong Double-crested Cormorant Jon Smith 76 BONY FISH Eboni Hilliard 60 Eared Grebe Khoa Tran 76 Topsmelt Shaun Tatz 60 Pied-bill Grebe Tim Fox 77 Tidepool Sculpin Sara Nettleton 61 Tim Miller Eric Broude Western Grebe Ricky Gonzalez 77 Northern Clingfish Megan MacLaggan 61 Eboni Hilliard Spotted Bay Bass Ben Lewis, Lee 61 California Least Tern Zeke Koziol 78 Jacobs Chandler Garbell AVES: DUCKS AND GEESE Kirsty Cook 63 Brown Pelican Tim Fox 78 Patricia Atalla Mallard John Horn 64 Elegant Tern Ben Lewis 79 Bufflehead Alex Bethea 64 Common Loon Maria Zimmerman 79 Greater Scaup Peter Voksa 65 AVES: RAPTORS Nate Heiderer 80 American Coot Dr. Jay Vavra 65 Osprey Nate Heiderer 81 Brant Michael Dresser 66 Melvin Jackson Red-shouldered Hawk Nate Heiderer 81 AVES: PERCHING BIRDS Christina Hernandez 82 4 5 Black Phoebe Christina Hernandez 83 PLACES AND 116 House Finch Josefina To 83 Elizabeth Corbin SPACES Allen’s Hummingbird Maria Zimmerman 84 BOAT CHANNEL 118 Tim Miller History of the Boat Channel: Maria Zimmerman 118 Rock Dove Jon Smith 84 Andrew Fernandez Barn Swallow Maria Zimmerman 85 Uses: 120 MARINE MAMMALS 87 Location: Sabrana Boyd 121 Alex Bethea California Sea Lion Shaun Tatz 87 Description and Feeling 122 Bottlenose Dolphin Sara Nettleton 88 Sources: Maria Zimmerman 122 Alex Ferbrache The Empty Channel Merlin Gunn-Cicero 123 TERRESTRIAL MAMMALS 89 Potential Merlin Gunn-Cicero 123 Ground Squirrel Beejay Buduan 89 Broken Links Khoa Tran 124 Richard Hill The Boat Channel Ben Lewis 124 Dog Max Abbey 89 Biology of The Boat Channel: 125 Eboni Hilliard Octopus Garden Angeline Aguigam 125 Human Tiana Poanessa 90 Interactions of The Boat Channel 126 BIODIVERSITY & 92 San Diego Wetlands Jeff Lathrop 126 BIOGEOGRAPHY Bird Habitat: San Diego Boat Channel Kevin Cisneros 127 Dolphin Mine Training Sara Nettleton 128 GEOGRAPHY Josefina To 94 Biogeography Evan Morikawa 130 History of Mapping: Josefina To 94 David Giamanco Mapping the San Diego Bay Josefina To 94 SPANISH LANDING 132 Map Making in San Diego Bay Josefina To 96 History of The Spanish Landing John Horn 132 The Future of Cartography: Geographic Josefina To 102 Information Systems Uses: Alex Chee 134 Conclusion Josefina To 103 Location: Eboni Hilliard 135 Sources: Josefina To 104 Sources: Alex Chee 135 Mapping Technique Comparison: Evan Morikawa 105 Description and Feeling Chandler Garbell 136 Cyrus Mostashari BIOGEOGRAPHY 108 Only a Scrawny Bird Megan MacLaggan 136 Evan Morikawa Introduction: 108 Biology of the Spanish Landing 137 Evan Morikawa Methods of Data Collection: 109 Shady Places Evan Morikawa 137 Intertidal Zonation Maria Zimmerman 112 Interactions of the Spanish Landing 138 Tides: John Horn 114 The Homeless of the Spanish Landing Merlin Gunn-Cicero 138 Biogeography Evan Morikawa 140 David Giamanco 6 7 PT. LOMA SEAFOOD & 142 Biogeography Evan Morikawa 164 David Giamanco AMERICA’S CUP HARBOR SCRIPPS FACILITY 166 History of Point Loma Seafood: Cyrus Mostashari 142 History of The Scripps Facility: Cyrus Mostashari 166 History of The America’s Cup Melvin Jackson 144 Uses: Eric Broude 168 Harbor: Location: Danielle Santos 171 Eliot Ross Uses: 144 Alexander Chee Location: Ricky Gonzalez 145 Sources: Alexander Chee 171 Sources Cyrus Mostashari 145 Description and Feeling Ross Zafar 172 Description and Feeling Kevin Cisneros 146 The Vagabond Chandler Garbell 173 Jeff Latrhop Biogeography Evan Morikawa 174 A Sign of Power Ross Zafar 146 David Giamanco As Free As a Bird Jon Smith 147 CORONADO ISLAND 176 Interactions of America’s Cup 148 History of Coronado: Evan Morikawa 176 Harbor Evan Morikawa Boat Paints on Marine Life Patricia Atalla 148 Uses: 178 The Sea Lion and the Fisherman Eliot Ross 149 Location: Evan Morikawa 178 The Sport Fishing Industry’s Affect on the Carly Pandza 150 Sources: Evan Morikawa 179 Wildlife. Heart On A Pendulum Christina Hernandez 179 Biogeography Evan Morikawa 152 Description and Feeling 180 David Giamanco Escape To Freedom Kevin Strong 181 SHELTER ISLAND 154 Ballad of the Dead Seagull Alex Chee 182 History of Shelter Island: Daniel Schultheis 154 Biology of Coronado 183 Uses: Daniel Schultheis 156 Terns Zeke Koziol 183 Location: Daniel Schultheis 157 Evan Morikawa Sources: Daniel Schultheis 157 Sea Anemones Danielle Santos 184 Evan Morikawa Daniel Schultheis Biogeography 186 Description and Feeling 158 David Giamanco Return to Just the Same Michael Dresser 159 Biogeography Evan Morikawa 188 Two Worlds Will Gomez-Hicks 159 David Giamanco Biology of Shelter Island 160 Summative Analysis 190 Scavenger Seagulls Beejay Buduan 160 Interactions of Shelter Island 160 BIODIVERSITY ANALYSIS 192 Evan Morikawa Pelicans and Fisherman Tim Fox 161 Analysis Of Abundance Per Species 195 Peter Voksa Fishing at Shelter Island Sabrana Boyd 162 Acorn Barnacle: Evan Morikawa 195 Alex Bethea
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  • Climate Change Impacts

    Climate Change Impacts

    CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS Josh Pederson / SIMoN NOAA Matt Wilson/Jay Clark, NOAA NMFS AFSC NMFS Southwest Fisheries Science Center GULF OF THE FARALLONES AND CORDELL BANK NATIONAL MARINE SANCTUARIES Report of a Joint Working Group of the Gulf of the Farallones and Cordell Bank National Marine Sanctuaries Advisory Councils Editors John Largier, Brian Cheng, and Kelley Higgason Working Group Members Sarah Allen, Point Reyes National Seashore Bob Breen, Gulf of the Farallones National Marine Sanctuary Advisory Council Jenifer Dugan, Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara Brian Gaylord, University of California, Davis; Bodega Marine Lab Edwin Grosholz, University of California, Davis; Bodega Marine Lab Daphne Hatch, Golden Gate National Recreation Area Tessa Hill, University of California, Davis; Bodega Marine Lab Jaime Jahncke, PRBO Conservation Science; CBNMS Advisory Council Judith Kildow, Ocean Economics Program Raphael Kudela, University of California, Santa Cruz John Largier (Chair), UC Davis; Bodega Marine Lab; GFNMS Advisory Council Lance Morgan, Marine Conservation Biology Institute; CBNMS Advisory Council David Revell, Philip Williams and Associates David Reynolds, National Weather Service Frank Schwing, National Marine Fisheries Service William Sydeman, Farallon Institute John Takekawa, United States Geological Survey Staff to the Working Group Brian Cheng, Gulf of the Farallones and Cordell Bank national marine sanctuaries; UC Davis Kelley Higgason, Gulf of the Farallones National Marine Sanctuary Sanctuary