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32 Hongos De Las Reservas De Biosfera De Cuba II

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32 Hongos De Las Reservas De Biosfera De Cuba II Acta Botánica Cubana 194:32-39 Hongos de las Reservas de Biosfera de Cuba II: Lista de las especies registradas de la Reserva Cuchillas del Toa* Sara HERRERA FIGUEROA**, Jorge Luis ORTIZ MEDINA**, Hugo IGLESIAS BRITO**, Gastón GONZÁLEZ FRAGINALS** y Arturo HERNÁNDEZ MARRERO** ABSTRACT. A compilation of fungal species recorded from " Cuchillas del Toa " Biosphere Reserve is carried out, coming from Carib- bean Fungi project databases. 383 species or infraspecific taxa corresponding to 242 genera and 80 families are reported, those been 9.9% of the species, 8.8 % of the genera and 13.5 % of the families cited from Cuba (Mena et al, 2003), with an average of 0.00185 species \ ha. The groups better represented in the list are Mitosporic Fungi and the families Meliolaceae, Polyporaceae, Xylariaceae and Tricholomataceae. KEY WORDS. Fungi, Biosphere Reserves, Cuchillas del Toa. INTRODUCCIÓN 2 000 y 3400 mm; la humedad relativa alcanza entre 90% y 95 %. Debido a la enorme extensión de la reserva, existe una Con vistas a la edición de una “Estrategia de Conservación gran diversidad de tipos climáticos, suelos y formaciones de los Hongos de Cuba” se decidió determinar las especies de vegetales. Los principales tipos de vegetación son: el bosque hongos que cuentan con algún tipo de protección en el país y pluvial montano (pluvisilva), el matorral xeromorfo se comenzó por hacer la lista de las que se habían reportado subespinoso sobre serpentinita (charrascal), el pinar de Pinus en las Reservas de Biosfera del país. En el primer artículo de cubensis, el bosque nublado bajo, la pluvisilva esclerófila, y esta serie (Herrera et al., 2002, en prensa) se presentan las el bosque siempreverde. Aparecen también matorrales especies halladas en las Reservas de Biosfera Peninsula de xeromorfos espinosos sobre serpentinita (cuabales), matorral Guanahacabibes y Sierra del Rosario. En el presente, xeromorfo costero, manglar y complejos de vegetación de incluimos la lista de las que han sido citadas en las RB costa arenosa, rocosa y de mogote. Cuchillas del Toa. Esta Reserva se caracteriza por presentar el mayor Como antecedentes de este trabajo, tenemos los de endemismo de la flora y la fauna en el archipiélago cubano Mercado-Sierra y Mena-Portales (1995) en que se listan los En ella se conocen 928 plantas endémicas, aproximadamente hifomicetes dematiáceos de tres provincias orientales de el 30% del total de los endémicos conocidos de Cuba; 366 de Cuba. Schmiedeknecht (1984) estudio los Uredinales de esta ellos son exclusivos de la región. (Herrera-Alvarez, 2001). region del país. Para la realización de este trabajo se utilizaron las También Arnold (1986), Gómez (1992), Herrera-Figueroa siguientes bases de datos de colecciones micológicas, tanto y Bondarceva (1982, 1985) Recio (1982, 1991), Rodríguez vivas como muertas, creadas durante la ejecución del (1981a y b, 1984, 1985a y b) y Rodríguez y Camino (1985, proyecto internacional “Hongos del Caribe” auspiciado por la 1986, 1987), han hecho contribuciones al conocimiento de la Iniciativa Darwin, del Reino Unido. micobiota de estas Reservas. Jardín Botánico Nacional de Cuba. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo elaborar la lista de Instituto de Ecología y Sistemática del Ministerio de todas las especies fúngicas (excepto las liquenizadas) Ciencia, Tecnología y Medio Ambiente de Cuba. reportadas hasta el momento en las R.B. Cuchillas del Toa, lo que servirá de base a trabajos futuros sobre la micobiota de Instituto de Investigaciones de la Agricultura Tropical, dichas regiones. Cuba. Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales, Cuba. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS. También se consultaron las bases de datos bibliográficas obtenidas de la revisión de obras tanto clásicas como Áreas de estudio. RESERVA DE BIOSFERA modernas en que se citan hongos cubanos, así como revistas CUCHILLAS DEL TOA. Se encuentra ubicada en la región micológicas. más oriental de Cuba y ocupa parte de las provincias de Utilizando estas bases se determinaron las especies Holguín y Guantánamo. Pertenece al macizo montañoso fúngicas citadas para la Reserva de Biosfera Cuchillas del Toa Sagua-Baracoa y comprende las Cuchillas de Moa, del Toa y y se confeccionó la lista. Las localidades donde se colectaron Alturas de Baracoa. Su extensión total asciende a 208 305 ha. los mismos se presentan en un esquema de distribución Cronológica y geológicamente el territorio ocupado por la (Fig. 1). Reserva de Biosfera Cuchillas del Toa es uno de los más Para la inclusión de las especies en taxones supragenéricos antiguos de Cuba. Predominan en el área las rocas ígneas se siguió el criterio de Kirk et al., (2001). La lista ofrece en ultrabásicas y básicas. Está constituida fundamentalmente por orden alfabético las familias; orden y phyllum, se escribe el montañas bajas y profundamente diseccionadas (cuchillas) de del orden y al final, entre paréntesis, se señala con una letra el altura media de 500 - 1139 msnm. El clima es tropical phyllum a que pertenece: Ascomycota (A); Basidiomycota lluvioso son lluvias todo el año. La temperatura media anual (B), Zygomycota (Z), Oomycota (O) o Myxomycota (M). varía de 24.0 a 26 grados C y las precipitaciones medias entre *Manuscrito aprobado en Abril del 2005. **Instituto de Ecología y Sistemática, A. P. 8029, C. P. 10800, La Habana, Cuba. 32 SARA HERRERA, et al. Hongos de las Reservas de Biosfera de Cuba II Fig. 1 Localidades de colectas en La Reserva de La Biosfera Cuchillas del Toa. RESULTADOS La lista completa de las especies reportadas en la Reserva se presenta en la Tabla 1. Tabla 1. Familias, géneros y especies de hongos presentes en la Reserva de Biosfera Cuchillas del Toa. Amanitaceae R. Heim ex Pouzar, Agaricales, (B) Capnodiaceae (Sacc.) Höhn. ex Theiss., Capnodiales (A) Amanita muscaria subsp. americana (Lange) Singer Capnodium walteri Sacc. Amanita vaginata (Bull.) Fr. Phragmocapnias betle (Syd. & E.J. Butler) Theiss & Syd. Antennulariellaceae Woron., Capnodiales (A) Trichomerium grandisporum (Ellis & G. Martin) Bat. & Cif. Achaetobotrys affine (L.R. Fraser) Bat. & Cif. Ceratocystidaceae Locq., Microascales (A) Antennulariella concinna (L.R. Fraser) S. Hughes Ceratocystis sp. Asterinaceae Hansf., Dothideomycetidae (inc. sed.) (A) Chaetosphaeriaceae Réblová, M.E. Barr & Samuels, Sordariales (A) Asterina sp. Melanopsamma pomiformis (Pers.) Sacc. Lembosia melastomatum Mont. Chaetothyriaceae Hansf. ex M.E. Barr, Chaetothyriales (A) Auriculariaceae Fr., Auriculariales (B) Ceramothyrium depressum (L.R. Fraser) Bat. Auricularia cornea Ehrenb. Chaetothyrium diversum Mig. Rodr. Auricularia mesenterica (Dicks.) Fr. Clavicipitaceae (Lindau) O.E. Erikss., Hypocreales (A) Auricularia polytricha (Mont.) Pat. Ascopolyporus polychrous Møller Atheliaceae Jülich, Polyporales (B) Clavulinaceae (Donk) Donk, Cantharellales (B) Dictyonema sericeum (Sw.) Berk. Clavulina cartilaginea (Berk. & M.A. Curtis ) Corner Bolbitiaceae Singer, Agaricales (B) Coccodiniaceae Höhn. Ex O.E. Erikss., Capnodiales (A) Agrocybe underwooodii (Murr.) Singer Dennisiella sp. Boletaceae Chevall., Boletales (B) Limacinula butleri Syd. & P. Syd. Xerocomus sp. Coleosporiaceae Dietel, Uredinales (B) Boreostereaceae Jülich, Polyporales (B) Coleosporium ipomoea (Schwein.) Burrill Mycobonia flava (Sw.) Pat Coleosporium plumierae Pat. 33 Acta Botánica Cubana 194:32-39 Tabla 1. Continuación. Familias, géneros y especies de hongos presentes en la Reserva de Biosfera Cuchillas del Toa. Coprinaceae Gäum., Agaricales (B) Hymenochaetaceae Imazeki & Toki, Hymenochaetales (B) Coprinus sp. Cyclomyces iodinus (Mont.) Pat. Psathyrella tenuis (Murr.) A.H. Sm. Hydnochaete resupinata (Swartz) Ryv. Corticiaceae Herter, Polyporales (B) Hymenochaete corrugata (Fr.) Lév. Kneiffia grisea Berk. & M.A. Curtis Hymenochaete corticolor Berk. & Ravenel Cortinariaceae R. Heim ex Pouzar, Cortinariales (B) Hymenochaete leonina Berk. & M. A. Curtis Cortinarius sp. Hymenochaete luteobadia (Fr.) Hoehn. et Litsch. Galerina sp. Hymenochaete rigidula Berk. & M. A. Curtis Gymnopilus hispidellus Murr. Hymenochaete sallei Berk. & M. A. Curtis Gymnopilus palmicola Murr. Hymenochaete unicolor Berk. & M. A. Curtis Gymnopilus tenuis Murr. Inonotus pertenuis Murrill Inocybe sp. Phellinus allardii (Bres.) Ryv. Crepidotus substipitatus Murr. Phellinus contiguus (Fr.) Pat. Crepidotus sulcatus Murr. Phellinus fastuosus (Lév.) Ryv. Dacrymycetaceae J. Schröt., Dacrymycetales (B) Phellinus ferrugineo-velutinus (Henn.) Ryv. Dacryopinax spathularia (Schwein.) G. W. Martin Phellinus gilvus (Schw.) Pat. Diplocystaceae Kreisel, Boletales (B) Phellinus noxius (Corner) G.H. Cunn. Diplocystis wrightii Berk. & M. A. Curtis Phellinus portoricensis (Overh.) Fid. Dothideales (inc. sed.) (A) Hyphomycetes (Hongos mitosporicos) Acrogenotheca elegans (L.R. Fraser) Cif. & Bat. Acarocybellina arengae (Matsush.) Matsush Endogonaceae Paol., Endogonales (Z) Acremonium luzulae (Fuckel) W.Gams Endogone sp. Acrodictys bambusicola M.B. Ellis Entolomataceae Kotl. & Pouzar, Agaricales (B) Acrodictys globulosa (Toth) M.B. Ellis Eccilia earlei Murr. Ancoraspora cubensis Mig. Rodr. Entoloma sp. Antennatula sp. Leptonia earlei (Murr.) Murr. Aschersonia sp. Rhodocybe sp. Atractilina parasitica (G. Winter) Deighton & Piroz. Rhodophyllus sp. Beltrania rhombica Penz. Euantennariaceae S. Hughes & Corlett ex S. Hughes, Brachysporiella gayana Bat. Capnodiales (A) Euantennaria rhododendri (Woron.) S. Hughes Canalisporium caribense (Hol.-Jech. & Mercado) Nawawi & Kuthub. Exidiaceae R.T. Moore, Tremellales (B) Capnodendron trichomericola (Cif.,
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