DOCSLIB.ORG

MOLDOVA COUNTRY REPORT WORKING DOCUMENT January 2009

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
MOLDOVA COUNTRY REPORT WORKING DOCUMENT January 2009 ENPI 08-14 BLACK SEA LABOUR MARKET REVIEWS MOLDOVA COUNTRY REPORT WORKING DOCUMENT January 2009 The contents of this report are the sole responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the European Training Foundation (ETF) or the European Union. 2 Foreword This report is an outcome of the Black Sea Labour Market Reviews project, which was initiated and funded by the European Training Foundation (ETF) to collect information on and analyse selected labour market and related human capital issues in six countries of the Black Sea region (Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Moldova and Ukraine). It is planned that this ETF project will be carried out in two phases: (i) preparation of country reports in 2008; (ii) regional analysis with cross-country comparisons in 2009. In the first phase, a common thematic outline was developed and used for the preparation of country reports, including quantitative and comparable data and other relevant qualitative information as well as basic qualitative analyses. These country reports constitute the main preparatory work and stocktaking exercise for the regional- level analysis. In the second phase, a comparative cross-country analysis of the labour markets with a regional Black Sea perspective will be conducted on the basis of issues that emerge from the country reports. For the Moldovan part of the project, a local company, the Expert-Grup independent think-tank, was contracted to work with the ETF on the Moldova country report. This report was drafted by Expert- Grup, with involvement from the following authors: Ana Popa, Alex Oprunenco and Valeriu Prohniţchi. The draft report was then commented on by an ETF team of experts (Jesús Alquézar, Ummuhan Bardak, Siria Taurelli and Agnieszka Majcher-Teleon) and an external expert, Dr Constantin Zaman. The team gratefully thanks the National Bureau of Statistics, and particularly Mr Vladimir Ganta, for invaluable help and cooperation in respect of the collection of the necessary statistical data. The authors alone are responsible for the economic interpretation of labour statistics. A national workshop has been organised for 24 November 2008 in Chişinău, at which the draft country report was to the key national stakeholders and its key findings discussed with them. The report was finalised on the basis of comments received from the key stakeholders during and after the workshop. 3 Abbreviations and Acronyms BEEPS Business Environment and Enterprise Performance Survey CIS Commonwealth of Independent States ECA Eastern Europe and Central Asia FTA Free Trade Agreement GSP Generalised System of Preferences GVA Gross Value Added HBS Household Budget Survey LFS Labour Force Survey MDL Moldovan Leu, national currency of Moldova NBM National Bank of Moldova NBS National Bureau of Statistics NEA National Employment Agency PSU Primary Selecting Unit SLMT Survey on Inter-sectorial Mobility and Transition from school to work VET Vocational education and training 4 Table of contents Executive summary 9 Introduction 15 1. Background: Review of data sources and key demographic and labour market indicators 17 1.1. Review of data resources 17 1.2 Demographic trends and demographic transition 22 1.3 Employment trends 27 2. Human capital, employment and economic transition 39 2.1 Investment in human capital 39 2.2 Returns to education 47 2.3 Transition from school to work 54 3. Restructuring labour markets and changing employment patterns 59 3.1 The macroeconomic situation and economic restructuring 59 3.2 In which sectors are new jobs created? Mobility from old to new sectors 64 3.3 The size and structure of the informal economy and informal employment 68 4. Labour migration 73 4.1 Mobility in the domestic market and immigration 73 4.2 International labour migration 75 5. Employment policy framework and recommendations 85 5.1 The place of employment policy in the overall policy agenda 85 5.2 Business environment and investment climate 86 5.3 Labour legislation 89 5.4 Labour market policy 92 6. Policy conclusions and recommendations 97 6.1 Improving labour statistics 97 6.2 Addressing the demographic decline 97 6.3 Increasing economic participation and employment 98 6.4 Greater investment in human capital 98 6.5 Scaling up the returns to education 99 6.6 Smoothing the transition from school to work 99 6.7 Making informal employment formal 100 6.8 Controlling domestic migration 100 6.9 Stemming international migration 101 6.10 Developing effective labour policy 101 6.11 Improving the business environment 102 Annexes 105 Annex 1: Sociological survey conducted by CBS AXA on inter-sectorial mobility and the transition from school to work 105 Annex 2. Review of data sources 114 Annex 3. Structure of the education system in Moldova 119 References 121 5 List of tables Table 1. The standard set of variables used by the NBS in tabulations ................................................. 19 Table 2. The population growth of Moldova, 1959–1970 to 1989–2004 (Trans-Dniester region not included) .................................................................................................................................................. 23 Table 3. Forecasts of Moldova’s population, 2010–2050 (millions) ........................................................ 26 Table 4. The population of Moldova by main age categories (thousands) ............................................. 27 Table 5. Employment rates of the population aged 15–64 years in some transition countries............... 28 Table 6. Employment rates of the population aged over 15 years in Moldova (%)................................. 28 Table 7. Size and structure of the economically inactive population in Moldova.................................... 30 Table 8. Unemployment rates in Moldova (%) ........................................................................................ 31 Table 9. Trends in employment and gross value added (GVA) by major economic sectors (1998=100%)........................................................................................................................................... 33 Table 10. Trends in employment in agriculture by gender and age (thousands).................................... 36 Table 11. Number of public and non-public institutions and students enrolled by level of education, 2007......................................................................................................................................................... 44 Table 12. Student achievement in mathematics, science and reading................................................... 46 Table 13. Regression of log of hourly wage on number of years of education....................................... 50 Table 14. Average monthly wage per employee as a percentage of the national average wage (%).... 51 Table 15. Average monthly salary of women compared with men’s salary ............................................ 51 Table 16. Distribution of respondents to the SLMT module ‘Transition from school to work’ by gender, area of residence and educational level.................................................................................................. 54 Table 17. Distribution of respondents to the SLMT module ‘Transition from school to work’ by their participation in the labour market ............................................................................................................ 55 Table 18. Distribution of answers to the question ‘How easy was it to find your first job?’ by highest level of education attained (N=111)......................................................................................................... 55 Table 19. Graduates by highest level of education attained and the correspondence between their first job and the field of study in which they graduated (N=152) .................................................................... 56 Table 20. Graduates by field of study in which they graduated and the correspondence between their first job and the field of study in which they graduated (N=151) ............................................................. 57 Table 21. Increase in employment by sector of economic activity (% of the previous year) .................. 64 Table 22. Rate of firm creation and firm closure (%)............................................................................... 66 Table 23. Access to water and canalisation services in urban and rural areas, 2002–2006 .................. 73 Table 24. Rural population as a proportion of total population in selected countries, 2005 (%)............. 74 Table 25. Poverty rate according to area of residence, 2001–2006 (%)................................................. 74 Table 26. Migration profile by age and region of the country, 2007 (thousands).................................... 76 Table 27. Opening a business indicators ................................................................................................ 86 Table 28. Trends in the cost of licensing activities.................................................................................. 86 Table 29. Comparison of rankings in Employing Workers survey (Doing Business) 2008..................... 91 Table 30. World Bank Investment Climate surveys: major constraints to business in Moldova (%) ...... 91 Table 31. ALMPs implemented by the NEA by number of unemployed people covered and jobs found, 2007........................................................................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • WCC Moldova Partnership Program Report on Activities for 2003-2004
    WCC Moldova Partnership Program Report on activities for 2003-2004 Chisinau, 2005 Content I. BACKGROUND INFORMATION .................................................................................................. 3 1. SOCIO-ECONOMIC SITUATION ........................................................................................................... 3 2. POPULATION ................................................................................................................................ 4 3. CHURCHES REPRESENTED ........................................................................................................ 4 II. MOLDOVA PARTNERSHIP PROGRAMME ............................................................................. 7 1. BRIEF HISTORY OVERVIEW ...................................................................................................... 7 2. MOLDOVAN PARTNERSHIP PROGRAM INITIATIVES 2003-2004. ..................................... 10 III. SUMMARY OF PROJECT REPORTS ..................................................................................... 17 1. SOCIAL PROTECTION HUB ...................................................................................................... 17 BACKGROUND INFORMATION ............................................................................................................. 17 PARTNERS’ INITIATIVES IMPLEMENTED: ............................................................................................. 18 MO/002 -Soup Kitchen for elderly people ...................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • UNCTAD's National Green Export Review
    UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT National Green Export Review of the Republic of Moldova: Walnuts, honey and cereals REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA Photos credit: ©Fotolia.com Photos credit: © 2018, United Nations Conference on Trade and Development This work is available open access by complying with the Creative Commons licence created for intergovernmental organizations, available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/. The findings, interpretations and conclusions expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the United Nations or its officials or Member States. The designation employed and the presentation of material on any map in this work do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. This document has not been formally edited. UNCTAD/DITC/TED/2018/6 WALNUTS, HONEY AND CEREALS iii Contents Figures ....................................................................................................................................................iv Tables .....................................................................................................................................................iv Abbreviations ...........................................................................................................................................v Acknowledgements .................................................................................................................................v
    [Show full text]
  • Molnar Et Al.Indd
    DOI: 10.17110/StudBot.2019.50.1.225 Studia bot. hung. 50(1), pp. 225–240, 2019 AMENDMENTS TO THE ALIEN FLORA OF THE REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA Csaba Molnár1*, András István Csathó2, Ábel Péter Molnár3 & Dániel Pifkó4 1*H–3728 Gömörszőlős, Kassai u. 34, Hungary; [email protected] 2H–5830 Battonya, Somogyi B. u. 42/A, Hungary 3H–9400 Sopron, Mátyás király utca 20, Hungary 4Department of Botany, Hungarian Natural History Museum, H–1431 Budapest, Pf. 137, Hungary Molnár, Cs., Csathó, A. I., Molnár, Á. P. & Pifk ó, D. (2019): Amendments to the alien fl ora of the Republic of Moldova. – Studia bot. hung. 50(1): 225–240. Abstract: In this paper, eleven alien plant species are presented, two of them are reported for the fi rst time in the Republic of Moldova (Euphorbia maculata, Gaillardia pulchella), one of them has so far been reported only from a botanical garden (Oenothera glazioviana), and eight species were previously known from a few localities in Moldova (Amaranthus powelii, Centaurea diff usa, Grinde- lia squarrosa, Gypsophila perfoliata, Ruta graveolens, Silphium perfoliatum, Sorghum halepense and Tragus racemosus). We a lso present an indigenous species which behaves as invasive (Rumex thyrsi- fl orus). We c ollected plants primarily on roadsides, along railway lines and in settlements, less oft en in natural habitats. Our goal is to report scattered data here. Voucher specimens were deposited in the Hung arian Natural History Museum, Botanical Department, Herbarium Generale (BP). Key words: alien plants, invasive species, railway lines, road margins, synanthropic fl ora, urban fl ora INTRODUCTION Some alien species may become invasive, threatening natural and agricul- tural ecosystems, causing damages to the economy and human health (McNeely 2001, Wittenberg & Cock 2001, Csiszár & Korda 2015).
    [Show full text]
  • Dynamics and Branch Structure of Water Consumptions in the Republic of Moldova
    DOI 10.1515/pesd-2017-0036 PESD, VOL. 11, no. 2, 2017 DYNAMICS AND BRANCH STRUCTURE OF WATER CONSUMPTIONS IN THE REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA Bacal Petru, Burduja Daniela1 Keywords: river basins, water use, agriculture, household Abstract. The purpose of this research consists in the elucidation of spatial and branch aspects of the water use in the river basins of Republic of Moldova.The main topics presented in this paper are: 1)the dynamics of water use; 2)spatial and branch profile of water use and its dynamics: 3) existing problems in the evaluation and monitoring of water use. To achieve these objectives were used traditional methods of geographical and economic research. Also, the content of the present study is focused on the methodology to elaborate the management plans of hydrographical basins and their chapters on economic analysis of water use in the river basin. of Republic of Moldova. INTRODUCTION The hydrographical network of the Republic of Moldova comprises 2 hydrographic districts (HD): Dniester and Prut-Danube-Black Sea (PDBS), which includes 4 drainage basins, including the rivers Dniester, Prut, Danube rivers and rivers, which are flowing directly into the Black Sea. The last two drainage basins form the Danube-Black Sea Hydrographical Space (DBS HS), which together with the Prut river basin form the second hydrographic district – PDBS (figure 1). Within the boundaries of the Republic of Moldova, the Dniester river basin occupies an area of 19.2 thousand km²,which is more than ¼ (26.5%) of the total area,over 72 thousand km²,
    [Show full text]
  • Coe/EU Eastern Partnership Programmatic
    CoE/EU Eastern Partnership Programmatic Co-operation Framework (PCF) 2015-2017 Project on “Strengthening the efficiency, professionalism and accountability of the judiciary in the Republic of Moldova” Launching of the court coaching programme on implementation of CEPEJ tools in the pilot courts of the Republic of Moldova LIST OF PARTICIPANTS Date: 04 September 2015, 10:00 – 17:00 Venue: Complexul turistic “Vatra”, or. Vadul-lui-Vodă, Parcul Nistrean Name, Surname, Title 1. Mr Jose-Luis Herrero, Head of Council of Europe in Chisinau 2. Mr Leonid Antohi, Project Coordinator, Council of Europe 3. Mr Ivan Crnčec, CEPEJ member (Croatia) 4. Mr Frans Van Der Doelen, CEPEJ member (The Netherlands) 5. Mr Fotis Karayannopoulos, Lawyer, CEPEJ expert (Greece) 6. Mr Jaša Vrabec, National Correspondent to the CEPEJ (Slovenia) 7. Mr Ruslan Grebencea, Senior Project Officer, Council of Europe in Chisinau 8. Mr Dumitru Visterniceanu, Superior Council of Magistracy 9. Mrs Palanciuc Victoria, Administration of courts Division, Ministry of Justice 10. Mrs Vitu Natalia, Head of judicial statistics service within the Department of Justice Administration, Ministry of Justice 11. Ms Lilia Grimalschi, Head of Department of analysis and enforcement of ECtHR Judgments, Ministry of Justice 12. Mr Oleg Melniciuc, President of Riscani District Court 13. Mrs Zinaida Dumitrasco, Head of the Secretariat, Riscani District Court, mun. Chisinau 14. Mrs Mocan Natalia, Head of generalization and systematization of judicial practice Service, Riscani District Court 15. Ms Eugenia Parfeni, Head of Department for systematization, generalization of judicial practice and PR, Riscani District Court 16. Mr Dvurecenschii Evghenii, judge, Cahul Court of Appeal 17. Mrs Hantea Svetlana, Head of Secretariat, Cahul Court of Appeal 18.
    [Show full text]
  • Local Integration Project for Belarus, Moldova and Ukraine
    LOCAL INTEGRATION PROJECT FOR BELARUS, MOLDOVA AND UKRAINE 2011-2013 Implemented by the United Nations High Funded by the European Union Commissioner for Refugees 12 June 2012 Refugees to receive apartments under EU/UNHCR scheme CHISINAU, Moldova, June 12 (UNHCR) – Four apartments rehabilitated to shelter refugees fleeing human rights abuse and conflict in their home countries have been given today to local authorities in Razeni, Ialoveni District by the office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) following extensive rehabilitation works co-funded by the EU/UNHCR under the Local Integration Project (LIP) for refugees. Refugee families from Armenia, Azerbaijan and Palestine received ceremonial keys at today’s hand-over ceremony. Razeni Mayor Ion Cretu hosted Deputy Minister Ana Vasilachi (Ministry of Labour, Social Protection and the Family), Deputy Minister Iurie Cheptanaru (Ministry of Internal Affairs), Ambassador of the European Union Dirk Schübel and other dignitaries. Tuesday’s ceremony at the long-disused kindergarten follows a similar event in March when UNHCR formally handed over apartments at a former public bathhouse in Mereni, Anenii Noi District to shelter refugees from Armenia, Russia and Sudan. “Without the enthusiastic support of the mayors, council and residents of Mereni and Razeni villages, which offered the dilapidated buildings to UNHCR for renovation into apartments, this pilot refugee housing project would not have been possible,” said UNHCR Representative Peter Kessler. The refugees getting the new apartments were carefully selected based on their skills and willingness to contribute to their new host communities by a team including the Refugee Directorate of the Bureau for Migration and Asylum in the Ministry of Internal Affairs, UNHCR and its NGO implementing partners.
    [Show full text]
  • Civil Protection and Emergency Situations Service Republic of Moldova Intervention Zone Chisinau
    CIVIL PROTECTION AND EMERGENCY SITUATIONS SERVICE REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA INTERVENTION ZONE CHISINAU INTERVENTION Max 40 km from the ZONE base camp FIELD CAMP Costesti region, Ialoveni district 20 km South from Chişinău COSTESTI EXERCISE SITES AND PARTICULAR TACTICAL SITUATIONS Module I. IALOVENI Liquidation of the consequences at the damaged apartment building Tactical situation: • As a result of earthquake, a five level apartment building has been damaged in the Ialoveni area. • The stairs between floors are destroyed and concrete blocks of the roof and walls have fallen. Because of multiple damages to energy lines, a fire has stared in the building. Transport units which were around the building have been affected, the earthquake victims have been trapped in the block. Due of damages to the stairs, a large number of the people remain trapped on the upper floors, unable to escape. • Some rooms in the basement was flooded due to damages of the utility networks. • An unknown number of people remain under the rubble. • A fire has also broken out in the underground. • Near the building an traffic accident have occurred with a truck which transport the radioactive waste. As a consequences, around this area have dispersed several radioactive sources. LOCATION I. – IALOVENI, Apartament Building 10 km from camp Organizational Scheme: Module I. Ialoveni apartment building Intervention commander Tactical situations (OSC) Tactical situations International teams Workshop 15 Commanders of CP commanders Pumping water from and ES Service teams flooded rooms, Workshop 13 Workshop 14 International Teams CP and ES Service Maintaining public Affected people Teams order camp Workshop 9 Workshop 10 Workshop 11 Workshop 12 Territory Equipment Staff Mobile hospital decontamination decontamination decontamination Workshop 5 Workshop 6 Workshop 7 Workshop 8 Rescue Rescue from Underground Radiation research from the cars rubbles searching Workshop 1 Workshop 2 Workshop 3 Workshop 4 General search Fire Extinguishment Search with dogs Rescue from heights Module II.
    [Show full text]
  • Sustainable Energy and Climate Action Plan (SECAP)
    Sustainable Energy and Climate Action Plan (SECAP) Ialoveni City 2016-2030 CONTENTS 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................................................... 4 2. OVERALL STRATEGY ...................................................................................................... 11 2.1 OBJECTIVES AND TARGETS ............................................................................................ 11 2.2 CURRENT FRAMEWORK AND VISION FOR THE FUTURE .................................................. 14 2.2.1 BUILDINGS .................................................................................................................. 15 2.2.2 PUBLIC LIGHTING ........................................................................................................ 23 2.2.3 TRANSPORT ................................................................................................................ 25 2.2.4 ENERGY ...................................................................................................................... 28 2.2.5 WATER & WASTEWATER ............................................................................................. 35 2.2.6 WASTE........................................................................................................................ 38 3. ORGANISATIONAL AND FINANCIAL ASPECT ................................................................. 39 4. BASELINE EMISSION INVENTORY (BEI) .......................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Regional Business Environment Development Index 2016
    IDIS Viitorul INEKO Regional Business Environment Development Index 2016 Authors Liubomir Chiriac, PhD, Vice Director IDIS Viitorul Tatiana Lariusin, PhD, Senior Economist, IDIS Viitorul Ion Butmalai, Economist, IDIS Viitorul Peter Golias, PhD, Director, INEKO Official Development Assistance of the Slovak Republic is an intrinsic instrument of the Slovak foreign policy, which to a large extent shapes Slovakia’s relations with aid recipients and relevant international organizations. Having committed itself to the fulfillment of the Millennium Development Goals, Slovakia shares the responsibility for global development and poverty reduction endeavors in developing countries, aiming to promote their sustainable development. INEKO Institute is a non-governmental non-profit organization established in support of economic and social reforms which aim to remove barriers to the long-term positive development of the Slovak economy and society. Mission The Institute’s mission is to support a rational and efficient economic and social reform process in the Slovak Republic (SR), through research, information development and dissemination, advice to senior government, political and selfgoverning officials, and promotion of the public discourse. It also focuses on those areas of social policy on the regional as well as the European level critical to the economic transformation of the SR. It draws on the best experience available from other transition countries and members of the European Union (EU) and the OECD. Regional Business Environment Development Index 2016 Authors Liubomir Chiriac, PhD, Vice Director IDIS Viitorul Tatiana Lariusin, PhD, Senior Economist, IDIS Viitorul IDIS is an independent think tank, established in 1993 as a Ion Butmalai, Economist, IDIS Viitorul research and advocacy think tank, incorporated by Moldovan Peter Golias, PhD, Director, INEKO laws on non-for-profit and NGOs.
    [Show full text]
  • The Regional Pecularities of Water Use in the Republic of Moldova
    Lucrările Seminarului Geografic Dimitrie Cantemir Vol. 46, Issue 2, October 2018, pp. 19-37 http://dx.doi.org/10.15551/lsgdc.v46i2.02 Research article The Regional Pecularities of Water Use in the Republic of Moldova Petru Bacal 1 , Daniela Burduja 1 1 Institute of Ecology and Geography, Academy of Economic Science of Moldova Abstract. The purpose of this research consists in the elucidation of regional and branch aspects of the water use in the Republic of Moldova. The main topics presented in this paper are: 1) the regional delimitations of the Republic of Moldova; 2) resources of surface water and groundwater: 3) regional aspects of water use; 4) dynamics of water use by abstracted sources and by the main usage categories; 5) branch profile of water use and its dynamics: 6) existing problems in the evaluation and monitoring of water use. Keywords: water use, region, technological, agriculture, household. 1. Introduction According to the economic-geographic criterion, the Republic of Moldova (RM) is divided into 4 distinct regions: Northern, Central, Southern and Eastern (figure 1). The North Region (NR) overlaps with the North Development Region, established by the RM Law on Regional Development (Legea nr. 438/2006) and comprises 11 districts from the northern part of the Republic of Moldova, as well as the Balti municipality. The total area of North Region is 10 thousand km2, which represents more than 30% of the total area of the Republic (table 1). The population of this region is 987 thousand inhabitants (25%), including 150 thousand inhabitants - in the Balti city. The largest part of NR is located within the Raut river (the main right tributary of the Dniester River) basin, including the districts of Donduseni, Soroca, Drochia, Floresti, Singerei, as well as Balti municipality.
    [Show full text]
  • Advancing Democracy and Human Rights PROMO-LEX ASSOCIATION
    advancing democracy and human rights THE CIVIC COALITION FOR FREE AND FAIR ELECTIONS PROMO-LEX ASSOCIATION REPORT #3 Monitoring the preterm parliamentary elections of 28 November 2010 Monitoring period: 26 October 2010 – 8 November 2010 Published on 11 November 2010 Promo-LEX is grateful for the financial and technical assistance offered by the United States of America Embassy in Chisinau, the National Endowment for Democracy (NED), and the National Democratic Institute for International Affairs (NDI). The opinions expressed in this report do not necessarily reflect those of the donors. Page 1 of 28 Third monitoring report on the preterm parliamentary elections of 28 November 2010 CONTENTS: I. SUMMARY II. PROMO-LEX MONITORING EFFORT III. INTRODUCTION A. Legal framework B. Electoral competitors C. Election authorities D. Local authorities E. Electoral campaigning F. Financial analysis G. Mass media H. National and international observers I. Transnistrian region IV. CONCERNS V. RECOMMENDATIONS Page 2 of 28 I. SUMMARY This report, covering the period from October 25 through November 8, 2010, describes the electoral environment and reviews from a legal perspective the recent developments in the election campaign, and the performance of the electoral competitors and of the local and election authorities. The election campaign is becoming increasingly intense, with cases of intimidation and abuse being registered both against electoral competitors and voters. While engaged in various campaigning activities, some candidates resort to the misuse of administrative resources and offering of “electoral gifts”. Promo-LEX salutes the impartiality of the election authorities in performing their duties. The Central Election Commission registered until the end of the authorization period 40 electoral competitors and issued warnings to the contenders that violated the rules.
    [Show full text]
  • Geographical Indication
    Geographical Indication (GI) – a geographi- Geographical Indication (GI) – a geographi- Geographical Indication (GI) – a geographi- cal / non-geographical name, used to des- cal / non-geographical name, used to des- cal / non-geographical name, used to des- ignate a product which possesses a specific ignate a product which possesses a specific ignate a product which possesses a specific quality, reputation or other characteristics quality, reputation or other characteristics quality, reputation or other characteristics attributable to its geographical origin. attributable to its geographical origin. attributable to its geographical origin. Designation of Origin (DO) – a geographi- Designation of Origin (DO) – a geographi- Designation of Origin (DO) – a geographi- cal / non-geographical name, used to desig- cal / non-geographical name, used to desig- cal / non-geographical name, used to desig- nate a product, the quality or characteristics nate a product, the quality or characteristics nate a product, the quality or characteristics of which are essentially or exclusively due of which are essentially or exclusively due of which are essentially or exclusively due to the particular geographical environment to the particular geographical environment to the particular geographical environment with its inherent natural and human factors. with its inherent natural and human factors. with its inherent natural and human factors. Producers Competent Authority Producers Competent Authority Producers Competent Authority • Establish a group (an association of producers The competent authority (MAFI, Ministry • Establish a group (an association of producers The competent authority (MAFI, Ministry • Establish a group (an association of producers The competent authority (MAFI, Ministry or processors) and approve the statute. of Culture or Ministry of Environment etc.), or processors) and approve the statute.
    [Show full text]