AZYUMARDI AZRA SEBAGAI SEJARAWAN ISLAM Lukmanul Hakim Pascasarjana UIN Raden Fatah Palembang E-Mail: Luqman [email protected]

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AZYUMARDI AZRA SEBAGAI SEJARAWAN ISLAM Lukmanul Hakim Pascasarjana UIN Raden Fatah Palembang E-Mail: Luqman Az01@Yahoo.Com View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.ukDOI: https://doi.org/10.15548/tabuah.v21i2.64 brought to you by CORE provided by Rumah jurnal Fakultas Adab dan Humaniora UIN IB AZYUMARDI AZRA SEBAGAI SEJARAWAN ISLAM Lukmanul Hakim Pascasarjana UIN Raden Fatah Palembang e-mail: [email protected] Abstrak Historiografi Islam di Melayu Nusantara selama ini banyak ditulis oleh penulis sejarah yang bukan berlatar belakang sejarah, mereka menulis sejarah sebatas minat kebetulan yang tidak terarah dengan baik, sehingga sulit menghasilkan karya sejarah yang benar-benar ilmiah. Di tengah kondisi ini muncullah Azyumardi Azra sebagai salah seorang penulis sejarah yang berlatar belakang sejarah. Pentingnya studi sejarah akademis untuk melahirkan sejarawan professional, tidak lagi amatir. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis posisi Azyumardi Azra sebagai sejarawan Islam. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah pendekatan sejarah. Latar belakang pendidikan Azra dari Departemen Sejarah Columbia University Amerika Serikat dan telah melahirkan beberapa tulisan yang membicarakan sejarah Islam pada umumnya, khususnya Islam di dunia Melayu Nusantara sehingga Azra dikelompokkan kepada sejarawan professional. Azra telah memberi warna Islam dan kesadaran sejarah umat Islam bagi pertumbuhan dan pengembangan historiografi Islam yang lebih komprehensif dengan menggunakan berbagai pendekatan di wilayah dunia Islam Melayu-Nusantara khususnya dan dunia Islam secara keseluruhan. Kata Kunci: Azyumardi Azra, pendekatan sejarah, sejarawan professional, Islam. Abstract Islamic historiography in Malay Archipelago has been written by many historical writers who are not historical background, they write a history of limited interest that is not well-directed coincidence, making it difficult to produce a truly scientific work of history. In the middle of this condition Azyumardi Azra emerged as one of the historical writers with historical background. The importance of the study of academic history to the birth of professional historians, no longer amateurs. This paper aims to analyze Azyumardi Azra's position as an Islamic historian. The approach used is historical approach. Azra's educational background from the Department of History of Columbia University of the United States and has spawned several writings that discuss the history of Islam in general, especially Islam in the Malay Archipelago world so that Azra grouped to professional historians. Azra has given the color of Islam and Muslim historical awareness to the growth and development of more comprehensive historiography of Islam by using various approaches in the Malay-Islamic Nusantara world in particular and the Islamic world as a whole. Keywords: Azyumardi Azra, historical approach, professional historian, Islam. 11 12 Azyumardi Azra sebagai Sejarawan Islam A. Pendahuluan dilakukan oleh mereka yang Kuntowijoyo mengklasifikasi berkecimpung di berbagai disiplin sejarawan dari latar belakang pendidikan keilmuan, studi sejarah bangsa Indonesia ke dalam tiga kelompok, yaitu: Pertama, pada umumnya memang masih sejarawan profesional. Kedua, sejarawan didominasi oleh mereka yang tidak dari disiplin lain. Ketiga, sejarawan dari memiliki disiplin ilmu sejarah. masyarakat.1 Sejarawan profesional Mestika Zed mengemukakan merupakan ujung tombak bagi penulisan bahwa studi sejarah kritis ilmiah sejarah, karena mereka yang memiliki menemukan momentumnya tatkala tanggungjawab terbesar dalam perkem- Leopold Von Ranke (1795-1886) bangan historiografi.2 Sejarawan menguraikan perlunya studi penulisan akademis merupakan kelompok yang sejarah secara profesional dengan secara sadar mengklaim diri sebagai pengaturan-pengaturan disiplin yang sejarawan dan mendapat pengakuan ketat dan mandiri.6 Dalam konteks demikian. Mereka adalah sejarawan yang profesionalitas itu, Mestika Zed paling sadar tentang apa yang dikerjakan mengatakan bahwa tanpa keahlian dan mempunyai pendapat yang penuh akademis, sulit menghasilkan karya pertimbangan tentang apa yang sejarah yang benar-benar ilmiah.7 ditulisnya. Namun Kuntowijoyo Pentingnya studi sejarah akademis untuk menyayangkan hanya sedikit dari mereka melahirkan sejarawan profesional, tidak yang produktif.3 Bahkan Mestika Zed lagi amatir atau menulis sejarah sebatas sekalipun menyetujui adanya tuntutan minat kebetulan yang tidak terarah dan pengakuan profesionalitas dalam dengan baik. penulisan sejarah di kalangan mereka, B. Pembahasan tetapi ia cenderung meragukan kemampuan jaminan kesarjanaan untuk 1. Lingkungan Keluarga dan Sistem melahirkan profesionalitas yang tinggi.4 Sosial Minangkabau Kurangnya sejarawan profesional Azyumardi Azra (selanjutnya di Indonesia menurut Mohammad Ali disebut Azra), lahir di Lubuk Alung, telah mengakibatkan minimnya sebuah daerah kecil di Sumatera sejarawan yang mengabdikan diri pada Barat, pada tanggal 4 Maret 1955.8 penyelidikan ilmiah dan kecilnya Arti nama Azra cukup puitis: perhatian terhadap pentingnya fakta ‘permata hijau’, meski ia baru sebagai dasar penafsiran sejarah serta mengetahui hal ini bertahun-tahun penyusunannya ke dalam narasi sejarah.5 kemudian, dari seorang Profesor asal Tanpa bermaksud mengecilkan arti penting karya penulisan sejarah yang 1Kuntowijoyo, Pengantar Ilmu Sejarah, 6Mestika Zed, Pengantar Studi, h. 104 (Yogyakarta: Tiara Wacana, 2013), h. 66-88. 7Ibid., h. 105 2Kuntowijoyo, Metodologi Sejarah, 8Oman Fathurrahman, “Prof. Dr. Azyumardi (Yogyakarta: Tiara Wacana Yogya, 1994), h. 2. Azra, MA: Mewujudkan “Mimpi” IAIN Menjadi 3 Ibid. UIN”, dalam Badri Yatim dan Hamid Nasuhi, (Ed)., 4Mestika Zed, Pengantar Studi Historiografi, Membangun Pusat Keunggulan Studi Islam: Sejarah (Padang: Proyek Peningkatan Pengembangan PT. dan Profil Pimpinan IAIN Jakarta 1957-2002, Universitas Andalas, 1984), h. 105 (Jakarta: IAIN Jakarta Press, 2002), h. 222. Lihat juga 5Mohammad Ali, Beberapa Masalah tentang Abuddin Nata, Tokoh-tokoh Pembaharuan Pendidikan Historiografi Indonesia. dalam Soedjatmoko, dkk Islam di Indonesia, (Jakarta: Raja Grafindo Persada, (eds), Historiografi Indonesia Sebuah Pengantar, 2005), h. 392 (Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama, 1995), h. 4 Majalah Ilmiah Tabuah: Ta’limat, Budaya, Agama dan Humaniora Lukmanul Hakim 13 Iran yang dijumpainya dalam sebuah dilahirkan tahun 1955. Sesudah Azra konferensi di Luar Negeri.9 masih ada lagi tiga orang adik: Ayahnya bernama Bagindo pertama, Azwirman, yang meninggal Azikar, secara akademik tidak pada usia sekitar 20 tahun karena berkaitan langsung dengan dunia penyakit jantung bawaan, lalu adik pendidikan. Ia sebagai tukang kayu, perempuan, Azmailis, yang kini pedagang kopra dan cengkeh, tetapi menetap di Parung, Kabupaten Bogor; memiliki kemauan yang kuat untuk dan terakhir Buyung Azril, yang 10 menetap di Lubuk Alung. Jadi, Azra menyekolahkan anak-anaknya. 12 Ayah Azra berasal dari Dusun Duku memiliki 8 orang saudara. Sungai Limau, tidak jauh dari Berbeda dengan tradisi para Pariaman. Sementara ibunya berasal pemuda Minang pada umumnya, Azra dari Dusun Cimpago Kampuang tidak mendapatkan pendidikan Dalam.11 Pada akhir 1940-an orang tradisional keagamaan di Surau atau tua Azra pindah ke Lubuk Alung, langgar. Umumnya, pemuda Minang yang belakangan sering disingkat menjelang usia remaja, setiap sore dan ‘LA’, yang terletak sekitar 25 km di malam hari pergi ke surau, menginap Selatan Kota Pariaman, dan sekitar 30 di sana untuk belajar mengaji, shalat, km di sebelah Utara Kota Padang. dan ibadah-ibadah lainnya. Tetapi, Awal tahun 1950-an orang tua Azra Azra tidak pernah merasakan itu. Ia dikarunai dua orang anak laki-laki. menerima pendidikan agama langsung Namun sayang, kedua kakak laki-laki dari ibunya sendiri, Ramlah, guru Azra tidak berumur panjang. Setelah agama yang lulusan Madrasah al- itu, sekitar tahun 1951, orangtua Azra Manar. Madrasah ini merupakan dikaruniai seorang anak perempuan warisan dari para tokoh pembaharuan yang diberi nama Ra’azni, yang di Sumatera Barat,13 yang pemikiran- setelah menikah sampai kini menetap pemikirannya banyak dipengaruhi di Jambi. Lalu, pada tahun 1953 oleh gerakan pembaharuan Rasyid kembali dikaruniai anak perempuan Ridha14 di Mesir. yang diberi nama Azriati, yang Harus diakui, bahwa daerah sekarang menetap di Lubuk Alung. Sumatera Barat merupakan tempat Setelah Azriati inilah Azra baru lahirnya tokoh-tokoh Islam ternama. 9Andina Dwifatma, Cerita Azra: Biografi pada tahun 1279 H di al-Qalamun, suatu desa di Cendekiawan Muslim Azyumardi Azra, (Jakarta: Libanon yang letaknya tidak jauh dari kota Tarabuls Erlangga, 2011), h. 1 Syam. Menurut keterangan, ia berasal dari keturunan 10Oman Fathurrahman, “Prof. Dr. Azyumardi Husain, cucu Nabi Muhammad Saw. Oleh karenanya, Azra, MA: Mewujudkan “Mimpi” IAIN Menjadi ia memakai gelar Sayyid di depan namanya. Pada hari UIN”, dalam Badri Yatim dan Hamid Nasuhi, (Ed)., kamis 22 Agustus 1935 Rasyid Rida mengantar Amir Membangun Pusat …, h. 300-301. Saudi, Abdul Azis, ke Suez dengan mengendarai 11Azyumardi Azra, “Semarak Ramadhan, mobil, ia pulang pada hari itu juga dan langsung jatuh Bukan Konsumerisme”, dalam Lies Marcoes, dkk., sakit, kemudian wafat. Sebelumnya dia telah menderita Kembali ke Jati Diri: Ramadhan dan Tradisi Pulang penyakit tekanan darah tinggi. Walaupun Rasyid Rida Kampung dalam Masyarakat Muslim Urban, memiliki pemikiran bebas, pembaharuan Rasyid Rida (Bandung: Mizan, 2013), h. 24 sedikit banyaknya dipengaruhi oleh Jamaluddin al- 12Ibid., h. 26 Afghani dan Muhammad Abduh lewat majalah al- 13Oman Fathurrahman, “Prof. Dr. Azyumardi Urwat al-Wutsqa. Pembaharuan yang dilontarkan Azra, MA:
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