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Gulf of Maine Responsibly Harvested® Verified Species This document contains assessment reports for the following verified species. Links to additional reports are listed at the end of this page. For a quick access to each report, click on a species name. American Lobster* American Plaice Homarus americanus Hippoglossoides platessoides Atlantic Mackerel Atlantic Pollock Scomber scombrus Pollachius virens Atlantic Sea Scallops Atlantic Spiny Dogfish** Placopecten magellanicus Squalus acanthias Kelp (multiple species) Haddock Alaria esculenta Melanogrammus aeglefinus Saccharina angustissima Saccharina latissimia Monkfish Redfish Lophius americanus Sebastes fasciatus White Hake Whiting (silver hake) Urophycis tenuis Merluccius bilinearis Winter Skate Leucoraja ocellata * Additional Marine Stewardship Council (MSC) Canadian certification for American Lobster available at: https://fisheries.msc.org/en/fisheries/bay-of-fundy-scotian-shelf-and-southern-gulf-of-st.-lawrence-lobster-trap/@@view ** Atlantic Spiny Dogfish Marine Stewardship Council (MSC) certification available at: https://fisheries.msc.org/en/fisheries/us-atlantic-spiny-dogfish/@@view Gulf of Maine Research Institute Responsibly Harvested Seafood from the Gulf of Maine Region Report on Gulf of Maine and Georges Bank American Lobster The fishery is managed by a competent authority and has a management plan in place that incorporates a science-based approach to ensure sustainability. o The American lobster fishery is managed jointly through ASMFC, Maine, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, and NMFS. The fishery is managed under Amendment 3 to the Interstate Fishery Management Plan (ISFMP), which utilizes the best available science to set biological reference points and harvest restrictions. If stock sizes are below management target levels, whether due to natural or man-made causes, management plans are established that enable rebuilding within a specified timeframe. o The GOM and GB stocks of lobster are not depleted and overfishing is not occurring. Sufficient data exists to determine harvest levels. o The 2009 stock assessment set biomass and abundance indices utilizing fisheries dependent and independent data collected from state and federal sources. The ASMFC then uses these data to determine harvest levels. It is not considered a data poor fishery. Monitoring and compliance measures are in place to ensure acceptable harvest levels. o American lobster harvest is monitored by 100% federal dealer reporting, a minimum of 10% harvester reporting, in addition to state requirements. Enforcement exists to ensure that harvesters follow regulations, and to prevent illegal practices and unreported harvest. o U.S. Coast Guard, NMFS Office of Law Enforcement agents, and state marine patrol agents enforce the laws and regulations governing the harvest of American lobster. Verified as of March, 2011 I. Definition of American Lobster American lobster (Homarus americanus) is harvested from off the coast of Maine, south to North Carolina. Traps are the predominant gear type employed in the fishery and accounted for an average of 98% of the total landings from 1981 and 2007 (ASMFC 2009).Error! Bookmark not defined. Three stock units have been identified based on regional differences in life history parameters: Gulf of Maine (GOM), Georges Bank (GBK), and Southern New England (SNE). Each stock supports both an inshore and offshore component; however, the GOM and SNE fisheries are primarily inshore while the GBK fishery is primarily offshore. This report covers the GOM and GBK stocks as these stocks occur within the harvesting area boundary for GMRI’s Gulf of Maine Responsibly Harvested branding program. II. Description of the Management Authority and Regulatory Process The Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission (ASMFC) manages the lobster fishery in state waters, in conjunction with the respective coastal states, while the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) (under the authority of the Atlantic Coastal Fisheries Cooperative Management Act) manages the fishery in federal waters. The GOM and GBK biological stock units are subdivided into seven lobster conservation management areas (LCMAs) for management purposes. The LCMAs and stock assessment areas are depicted in Figure 1. In each of these areas, Lobster Conservation Management Teams (LCMTs), which are composed of industry representatives, advise the American Lobster Management Board and recommend changes to the Interstate Fisheries Management Plan (ISFMP) within their area. A 21-member Lobster Advisory Panel of lobstermen also participates in the ASMFC decision-making process. To determine appropriate harvest levels and review the health of the fishery, the ASMFC employs an 8-member Lobster Technical Committee comprised of state fishery managers. The management recommendations developed by this process are then forwarded to the federal and state governments with a recommendation that the government takes action on these measures in the form of regulations. The federal government is obligated by statute to support the ASMFC’s ISFMP and overall fishery management efforts and in this capacity determines the regulations. Within NMFS, the State, Federal, and Constituent Programs Office coordinates this process. Figure 1. American lobster conservation management areas and biological stock assessment areas. The scope of this report is limited to the GOM and GBK stocks, which include both state (0-3 nautical miles [nm]) and federal waters (3-200 nm) within LCMAs 1 and 3, as well as the Outer Cape Cod Management Area. Therefore, both federal and state regulations are described. It should be noted, however, that if a fisherman holds both a state and federal license, he is required to operate under the most restrictive regulation, referred to as “the most restrictive rule.” Maine In Maine, the Maine Department of Marine Resources (DMR) implements the ISFMP in state waters, in addition to developing state-specific regulations and governance structure. State laws are located in Title 12: Conservation, Part 9: Marine Resources and regulations are codified in Chapter 25: Lobster and Crab. Maine state waters are divided into seven lobster management zones, labeled as Zones A to G from east to west (see Figure 2). These zones are established by the DMR Lobster and Crab Regulations, and each zone is represented by a Lobster Management Policy Council (or zone council). They are chartered to execute referenda on specific fishing policies to reduce fishing effort. Fishing effort reductions may include a maximum number of lobster traps that may be fished by an individual license holder or two or more lobster license holders who fish from the same boat; the maximum number of traps on a trawl line; the time of day when lobster fishing may occur; limited entry (exit/entry ratios); and controlled entry with options to specify requirements for apprentice fishermen. The results of the referenda are submitted to the Commissioner of ME DMR for promulgating as regulations. The Commissioner is obliged to promulgate successful referenda without alteration assuming that the proposal meets a “reasonableness” test. The Lobster Advisory Council (LAC), which is separate from the seven Lobster Management Policy Councils but comprised in part of representatives from those councils, has specific statutory responsibilities related to advising the commissioner on activities of the department that relate to the lobster industry. It may review lobster research programs and make recommendations, and it may consider disputes between the zone councils and make recommendations. It also makes recommendations regarding the use of specific funds. New Hampshire In New Hampshire, the Department of Fish and Game (DFG) implements the ISFMP in state waters, and develops state-specific regulations. Additional regulations for harvesting lobsters in state waters are codified in Title XVIII, Chapter 211: Fish, Shellfish, Lobsters, and Crabs. Unlike Maine, New Hampshire does not have an additional management infrastructure other than the ASMFC process. Massachusetts In Massachusetts, the Division of Marine Fisheries (DMF) implements the ISFMP in state waters, and develops state-specific regulations. Additional regulations for harvesting lobsters in state waters are codified in CMR 322: Division of Marine Fisheries. While not specific to the lobster fishery, the Massachusetts Marine Fisheries Advisory Commission, which is a nine member board that represents recreational and commercial fishing interests from various parts of the Massachusetts coast, promulgates these state regulations. Commissioners are appointed by the governor to three-year terms, and attend monthly business meetings as well as quarterly public hearings. Regulatory changes and public proposals are approved or disapproved by a majority vote at the Commission’s monthly business meetings. Figure 2. Maine LobsterManagement Zones III. American Lobster Data The most recent 2009 American lobster stock assessment utilized the University of Maine statistical catch-at-length model to estimate abundance and mortality of male and female lobster by size for each stock unit (ASMFC 2009). The Collie-Sissenwine model (CSM) used in the 2006 assessment was updated as well for continuity purposes. Other stock status indicators of mortality, abundance, and fishery performance were taken into consideration. Biomass and abundance indices are calculated using fisheries dependent and independent data collected from state (Maine, New Hampshire
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