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Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-81905-3 — Gravity's Fatal Attraction 3Rd Edition Index More Information Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-81905-3 — Gravity's Fatal Attraction 3rd Edition Index More Information Index 21-cm spectral line, 87 merger of, in NGC 6240, 262 3C 31, 158 as possible quasar remnants, 220–221 3C 66B, 145, 146, 149, 156 pregalactic black holes and, 275 3C 75, 263, 264 radio emissions and jets, 157 3C 273, 83, 118 rarity of, and fuel requirement, 188 apparent superluminal expansion, 155 reactivation of, 220 luminosity of, 116 relativistic orbits and, 245–247 position of, 115 see also quasars; radio galaxies; redshift of, 82–83 Seyfert galaxies see also quasars 116 Alcock, Charles, 92 3C 279, 154 Alfvén, Hannes, 161 Algol paradox, 61–63 A Ambartsumian, Victor, 114–115 Abell catalogue see clusters of galaxies Andromeda galaxy (M31), 75 Abell, George, 142 dark matter in, 81, 88 absorption lines, 36, 221 gas near black hole, 208 accretion disks, 66–69, 124 quiescent black hole candidate, around Kerr black holes, 236, 243 203–205 around Schwarzschild black holes, 243 tidal disruption in, 209 capture of stars by collision, 245 angular momentum formation in X-ray binaries, 66–69 accretion by galactic nuclei, 125, 207 friction/viscosity effects, 66–69, 126 accretion from binary companions, 66 magnetic field effects, 126, 160–161 characterizing black holes, 12 powering quasars, 124, 127 exclusion principle and, 29 predicted appearance, 69, 236, and fate of the Sun, 288–289 238–239 formation of vortices, 66 protostellar jets and, 163 jet formation by AGN, 165 QPO and, 240 pulsar energy and, 49 unification in quasar, 126 relativistic orbits and, 245 accretion process, 53, 60–66 Antonov, Vadim, 18 accretion rate apparent variability, 157 and luminosity in quiescent black Arecibo radio telescope, 252 holes, 206–207 ASAS-SN (All Sky Automated Survey for needed to sustain AGN activity, 184 SuperNovae), 210 achromatic breaks, 182–183 ASCA satellite, 239 achromatic variability, 277 astrometry, 238 active galactic nuclei asymmetry see AGN radio galaxy jets, 157–159 adaptive optics, 191, 194, 200 relativistic predictions and, 11–12 adiabatic expansion, 159 supernova modeling and, 39 age estimates asymmetry and singularities, 12, 281 AGN energy output and, 122 atomic forces and gravity, 14 expressed as redshifts, 82, 95, 214 radio trails, 145 B AGN (active galactic nuclei), 110, 127 Baade, Walter, 42, 113 black hole paradigm, 120–124, 157 BAL (broad absorption line) quasars, characteristics of, 117–120 221 classes of, 116–117, 126–127 balloons, 203 in cool cluster cores, 227 Balmer series, 37 evidence for Kerr black holes, 240 Bardeen, James, 242 lifetime energy output, 122 baryon chauvinism, 94 luminosity downsizing of, 216 baryon density, 92 309 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-81905-3 — Gravity's Fatal Attraction 3rd Edition Index More Information Index beaming effect, 155, 156, 159 Blandford, Roger, 166, 240 Bekenstein, Jacob, 283 Blandford–Znajek process, 242 Bell, Jocelyn, 42–43, 59 blazars, 126–127 Bender, Ralf, 204 Blundell, Katherine, 144 Beppo–SAX satellite, 174 Bondi, Hermann, 115 big bang, 13, 92, 271 Bondi–Hoyle–Lyttleton theory, 61, 206 cosmic microwave background and, Born, Max, 5 268, 271, 277 Bowler, Michael, 144 need for a quantum treatment, 19, 278 brown dwarfs, 27, 90–92 and primordial black holes, 277, bubble phase, radio galaxies, 228–230 284–285, 295 Bullet cluster, 89 big science, astronomy as, 129 Burbidge, Geoffrey, 114, 121–122, 124, binary stars 138 cataclysmic variables, 64, 67, 69 gravitational waves and, 250–252, 267 C search for invisible companions, 52–53 Carr, Bernard, 275 tidal capture binaries, 101 cataclysmic variables, 64, 67 see also X-ray binaries Centaurus A (NGC 5128), 139 Binney, James, 78 Chandra X-ray Observatory,60 BL Lac objects, 117, 126–127, 156, 159 Bullet cluster, 90 Black Hole, The (film), 270 Centaurus A, 139 black holes cluster feedback and, 230 coining of the term, 13 Crab Nebula image, 46 demographic surveys, 199–206, 276, NGC 6240 image, 263 285, 290–292 view of Galactic Center, 106 evidence for, summarized, 234 Chandrasekhar limit, 30, 50, 65, 293 external observer’s view, 10 Chandrasekhar, Subrahmanyan, 30, 234 formation in galactic nuclei, 103 Circinus X-1, 166 future research on, 290–292 clusters of galaxies gravitational environments, 7, 10 Abell 400, 262, 263 horizon and singularity, 8–13 Abell 2218, 89 intermediate mass, 266, 273, 290 Abell 478, 225 mass function of, 219 Bullet cluster, 89 mass related to radius 294 collisions between, 90 merger of two or more, 251, 253–255, with cool cores, 225–228 259–266, 275 dark matter in, 84 miniholes, 283–285, 291 expansion of the Universe and, 82, 289 populations and lifetimes, 199–206, monitoring for disruption flares, 210 275, 285, 290–292 Perseus cluster, 228–230 possibility of laboratory, 286–288 possible formation, 96, 221 possibility of pregalactic, 271–277, Virgo cluster, 230 290–291 clusters of stars possibility of primordial, 277–283 mass limit, 192 reasons to study, 18–21 see also globular clusters relativistic explanation for, 7, 234–237 coalescence rotational energy from, 163–166, 235 of galactic haloes, 95 theoretical predictions of, 2 of spiral galaxies, 101 see also Kerr black holes; of tidal capture binaries, 101 Schwarzschild black holes; stellar see also collisions; neutron stars mass black holes; supermassive cobalt, 38 black holes COBE (Cosmic Background Explorer), blackbody radiation 271 AGN emissions and, 120 Cocke, John, 43 Einstein and, 19 Cohen, Marshall, 157 quasar emissions and, 119 cold dark matter see ΛCDM model spectroscopy and, 37 collapsars, 175, 177, 179, 180 Blaes, Omer, 68 collimation, 182 310 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-81905-3 — Gravity's Fatal Attraction 3rd Edition Index More Information Index collisions cosmological view of black holes, 272 between galaxies, 103, 216, 258 cosmology between galaxy clusters, 90 dark matter/total matter and, 88, 92 between stars, 76, 98–103 inflationary, 284 color and relativity, 6 achromatic variability, 277 Crab Nebula blue light dominance in AGN, images, 35, 46 110–111, 116, 120, 125 pulsar identification, 43 energy and wavelength, 25, 34 supernova event, 34, 46 Ultra Deep Field image, 84 synchrotron radiation, 46 Coma cluster, 81, 86, 97, 148, 225 as X-ray source, 55, 56 evidence of dark matter, 81, 86 possible mechanism of formation, 97 cultural divergences, 52 radio trails, 148 Curtis, Heber D., 110, 132, 140, 173 X-ray image, 225 curvature of spacetime compact radio sources, 151–152, 157 detecting, 8, 245–247 compact stellar remnants effects, 5, 8–9, 235–240 as dark matter candidates, 92 Schwarzschild metric and, 8 gravitational waves from, 267 Cygnus A, 113–115, 133, 136 see also black holes; neutron stars as possible quasar remnant, 220 compactness of AGN, 117 Cygnus X-1, 56, 59, 69, 166, 167 Compton Gamma Ray Observatory, 157, 172 D computer simulations dark energy, 14, 83, 89 accretion disks, 68, 236 dark matter black hole formation and merger, 123, evidence for, 87 254 galaxy formation and, 95 black hole spin extraction, 166 intermediate mass black holes, cosmic jets, 144–145, 165, 166, 180 miniholes and, 285, 290–291 galaxy formation and merger, 94–95, 99 pregalactic black holes and, 274 Λ Millennium Run, 95–96 see also CDM model, 80–93 neutron star merger, 180 Das Gupta, M. K., 113–114, 135 Sgr A* accretion and luminosity, 206 de Vaucouleurs, Gérard, 76 star formation, collision, disruption, degeneracy pressure, 29, 33, 44, 294 98, 210 densities supernovae, 41, 68 early Universe, 83, 273 computers galactic nuclei, 97, 190, 196 adaptive optics and, 191 mass–radius relations and, 293–295 automatic observing programs, neutron stars, 42, 47, 295 276–277 quasars, over time, 215–221 gravitational wave calculations, stellar, and susceptibility to disruption, 253–254 208 VLBI correlations, 148 white dwarfs, 30 Λ concordance ( CDM) model, 83, 217 differential rotation continuous spectra see black body and accretion, 66 radiation in pulsars, 45 cool cluster cores, 225–228 dimensions, extra, 286 core collapse in massive stars, 33, 34, 42, 49 dipole radiation, 251 core-bounce mechanism, 39 disks cosmic background radiation, 88, 92, protoplanetary (proplyds), 78 271, 273, 277 see also accretion disks; spiral galaxies cosmic rays, 93, 230, 286, 288 Disney, Michael, 43 cosmological constant distance estimates, 170 see also ΛCDM model, 83, 289 gamma-ray bursts, 170–171 cosmological evolution, 83, 272, 289 Hubble’s law and, 82–83 311 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-81905-3 — Gravity's Fatal Attraction 3rd Edition Index More Information Index Doppler beaming, 159, 160, 239 maintaining double radio sources, 123 Doppler effect, 69 negative energy, 280 gas motion and galaxy rotation, 81 quiescent black holes, 206–207 quasar emission lines, 111, 116 radio galaxy lobes, 114, 135–136 Seyfert galaxy emission lines, 111 released by core collapse, 33 X-ray binaries, 69 synchrotron radiation and, 44, 114 see also redshifts, 87 see also dark energy; luminosity Dressler, Alan, 203 energy levels, hydrogen atom, 36 Dubath, P., 205 energy-dominated phase, 228 Dyson, Freeman, 279 entropy analogy, 243, 282–283 ergosphere, 243 E eclipsing binaries, 69 escape speed, 2 Eddington limit, 122, 218 at the horizon, 8 Eddington, Sir Arthur, 6, 31, 61, 80 and mean star speeds near black holes, EHT (Event Horizon Telescope), 237 200 Einstein, Albert neutron stars,
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