11925 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-: HOUSE

Charles R. Brown. William E. Perschbach. George R. Beissel. Theodore J. Vincent. Fred B. Chilson. Ernest R. Frakes. George G. J{)rdan. Herbert N. Dinsmore. James Clancy. Robert F. J. Connolly. Charles T. Stanworth. Carl W. Dunlap. Bernhardt E. Blossi. John Brenner. Harry S. MacKan. Robert D. Pace. William Wilkinson. William R. Dillow. Albert Fender. Charles P. Doughty. FrederickP. Graziani. Arthur F. Murphy. William J. Murphy. John J. Shea. JacobS. Parker. Nat B. Frey. John W. Nichols. William H. Hopkins. Del L. Young. Richard J. Ostrander. Maurice A. Herrlich. Oscar B. Bennett. Joseph Pranis. Lawrence .lf'asano. Elmer A. Chatham. .r ohn J. J esso. Edgar W. Mallory. MARINE CORPS Charles E. Keptner. Charles M. Cunneen. 0 car E. Dannegger. W'illiam M. Fitzgerald. John A. Lejeune to be Major General Commandant. William H. Recksiek. William H. Hughes. John L. Doxey to be major. Leroy H. Ripley. Samuel A. Klish. Alton .A. Gladden to be captain. Ellis H. Roach. RobertS. Hazlett. Dudley S. Brown to be captain. Thomas F. Cullen. John C. Waldau. Otto B. Osmondson to be first lieutenant. Chester C. Culp. Einllr BJorhus. Jose!)h L. Moody to be first lieutenant. Henry L. Bixbee. Frederick E. McCoy. Walter A. Wachtler to be first lieutenant. HarryT. Dodd. Charles W. Piper. POSTMASTERS ~'rank B. Finney. Milton B'"ergman. NEW JERSEY Wa1ren S. i\facKay. Joseph R. Choate. Joseph B. Kronenberg, Bernardsville. Joseph L. Marshall. William H. Cady. William Griffin, Cresskill. Christian \V. A!anegotd. Thomas L. McCann. I<"'rederick C. Nantz. Lloyd M. Harmon. PEJS"NSYLVANIA John H. Hart. Charles E. Smitherman. . Charles 0. Smith, Black Lick. William J. Volkman. Raymond Cole. VIRGINIA John P. Richardson. Linwood C. Gray. Samuel W. Collie, Dflnville. Edward A. Wintermute. Christian Ohlschlager. Grover Williams. Hugh M. Norton. John Gordon. Biven M. Prewett. William A. Gerdts. Wilber J. Meade. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Frank C. Szehner. Isaac L. Glenn. TnURSt>.!Y, January ~9, 19~5 William P.l\Iontz. George J. Byrne. Harold Osborne. William F. Loughman. The House met at 12 o'clock noon. Joseph S. Weigand. John L. Hood. Dr. Abram Simon offered the following prayer! Thomas A.. Marshall. Donald H. Bradley. 0 Thou, whom we reYere as Father, be with us as we begin Mars W. Palmer. William Jamieson.. our deliberations ! May we direct our souls to Thee that Thou Jesse E. Jocoy. Clarence E. Delp. mayest fill them with Thy grace. We feel stronger in the con­ To be chief machinists sciousness of Thy presence. The thought of Thee hallows our Ellis L. Robinson. Earle S. Nason. words. Touch us with the wand of consecrated duty. Speak to to WHfred G. Lebegue. Wade Lash. us as that Thou didst Thy inspired prophets that what Thou James D. Goff. Lows J. Miller. askest of us is to do justice, to love mercy, and to walk humbly Valers G. Savage. Lawrence E. Boyer. before Th-ee. Help us to write these great virtues into our Benjamin F. Strawbridge. Os<;ar F. Bandura. works and into our legislation, and to realize them for our Robert E. Simon. Ray S. Jones. · Nation's well-being. Take under Thy special care the President Leo Kampman. Frank Carter. of our country and those whom the people have set in authority, Robert E. Sammons. Archie :M. BushnelL and shine with a radiant beneficence upon the Nation and its • Walter F. Marriner. Franklin P. Early. free institutions. Help us to repeat and feel in every fiber of our Herman G. Mecklenburg. George W. Weaver. being the serenity and spiritual vigor of the psalm: "The Lord John L. Kershaw. Denis J. Kiely. is my Shepherd. I shall not want. He maketh me to lie down Alexander B. Provost. Forest H. Howe. in green pastures. He leadeth me beside still waters. He Edward A. O'Neil Charles M. Leslie. restoreth my soal. He guideth me in paths of righteousness Albert A. Elliott. Henry Bullmer. for His name's sake. Though I walk through the valley of Clyde W. Jordan. Edward L. Gench. the shadow of death, I fear no evil. Thy rod and Thy staff, John A. Peckham. Roscoe C. Noland. they comfort me. Thou prepru:est a table for me in the light of Henry F. Mulloy. Stephen M. Henagan. my adversaries. Thou anointest my head with · oil. My cup Martin J. Moore. Thomas Downs. runneth over. Surely goodness and mercy shall follow me all Thomas M . Arrowsmith. Albert Adams. the days of my life, and I shall dwell in the House of the Lord Henry J. Behrends. Eustace G. Wilson. forever and eYer." Amen. To be c1l.ief carpenters The Journal of the proceedings of yesterday was read and approved. Nicholas Mazzarella. Elias G. Williams. John Conboy. John F. O'Brien. MINOIUTY VIEWS, H. R. 11796 William G. Scott. Harry W. Shomaker. Mr. SABATH. l\1r. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent that I William G. Mcintyre. William J. Waterworth. may have five days in Which to file minority views on the bill Edourd De ormeaux. William E. Redfern. H. R. 11796. Frank Jack-son. George D. Forsyth. The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Illinois asks unanimous James J. O'Donnell. Basil N. Procter. consent that he may have five days in which to file minority Jo eph A. McDonough. George J. Schindele. view.s. Is there objection? [After a pause.] The Chair hears Eugene F. Smith. none. INDEPE..~DENT OFFICES APPROPRIATION BILL To be chief phm·macists l\1r. 'VOOD. :Mr. Speaker, I move that the House resolve it­ William C. Van Norden. Keil H. McLean. self into the Committee of the Whole House on the state of Caleb C. Petrey. Matthew Birtwistle. the Union for the consideration of the bill H. R. 11505. To be pay inspeoto1·s The motion was agreed to. Lewis W. Jennings, jr. Brantz 1\Iayer. Aecordingly the House resolved itself into the Committee of the Whole House on the state of the Union for the considera· To be chief pay clerks tion of the bill H. R. 11505, with Mr. Trr.so~ in the chair. Henry G. Conrad. George W. Knoll. The CHAIRMAN. The House is in Committee of the Whole Rufus J. Harrell. Seymour Delong. Hou e on the state of the Union for the further consideration Peter E. Brusky. John R. Wallace. of the bill H. R. 11505, which the Clerk will report by title. Bennie C. Smith. Barr K. Parker. The Clerk read as foUows: William H. 1\lisch. Edward E. Sleet. A bill (H. R. 11505) making appropriations for the Executive office Joseph A. Cosf;airt. Carl M. Eysinger. and sundry independent executive bureaus, conlmissions, and offices, John R. 1-'erry. John W. Luee. for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1926, and for other purposes. . I

2642 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JANUARY 29

The CHAIRMAN. When the committee rose time had been leadership of Gov. RoBERT M. LA FoLLETTE. During that early consumed so there is still remaining 2 bom·s and 10 minutes period some of us were closely associated when pioneer laws to the gentleman from Indiana and 2 hours to the gentleman affecting primarie·s, taxation, railroad legislation, and general from Louisiana. welfare were first enacted in Wisconsin. During the last 20 Mr. WOOD. Mr. Chairman, I yield 20 minutes to the gentle­ years his long service as Senator enlarged the field of labor man from Wisconsin [Mr. FRE.il]. and identified him with much \aluable national legislation. Mr. FREAR. l\Ir. Chairman, I thank the chairman of the Few men, if any, have an equally large personal' following subcommittee for extending me the time to make a statement, in my State or many other States throughout the country. which may be due from me individually, possibly from others, No postelection autopsy is here proposed, nor do I care to but I am acting simply in my own capacity and on my own offer any excuses or explanations. Although not pre ent at responsibility. any conventions that were held, when requested personally to The press of January 10 quotes a statement of House say what has been done by Senator LA FoLLETTE in Wisconsin Majo-rity Leader LONGWORTH to the effect that 15 or more l\Iem­ and to support his candidacy for President, I did not hesitate bers of Congress are to be punished because of so-called polit­ to do so. ical indiscretions. Similar public statements at other times I never heard at any time of any so-called blaclF list of have been attributed to the pre ent majority leader and to Congressmen, nor was reference made by me to congte sional other leaders. As a member of the Wisconsin delegation and or State candidates or State issues at any time. This is not one who may be so threatened, a protest is made against fre­ offered by way of excuse, but to state a fact and to deny fre­ quent public threats which fi·om their nature can not well be quent general charges that have been made. answered excepting in this forum. My protest is \oiced in no I ha\e no apologies to make here or elsewhere, irrespective spirit of controversy. of what action may be urged by those whom I submit ar~ not Let me say at the outset that no one bas been authorized to authorized to speak for my Republicanism. speak for those who wo_uld thus be threatened; they are all POLITICAL IRREGULARITY OF A GREAT AMERICAN eminently qualified to speak for themselves. Last session in this place I commended the majority leader's One of the greatest Republicans known to this generation in ability in securing pas a·ge of the best tax reduction law ever recent times unsparingly denounced the Republican Party, by enacted by Congress. When the bill, substantially the present which he had been previously elected President. He bitterly law, passed the House with only eight dissenting votes, atten­ denounced the party's standard bearer, whom Roosevelt claimed tion was called by me to criticisms lodged against the Repub­ represented malefactors of wealth. Roosevelt fought particu­ lican leader in the House of his friends, and he was supported larly. against his own party and tore it asunder. After re­ and defended for his course. Legislative tax reduction was pudiating his party and party leaders he was welcomed back then brought about only through the efforts of all Republicans with outstretched arms more like a prince than a prodigal son to get together on a just bill, far better than as originally intrn­ and would have been seated again on the highest throne but duced, resulting in a definite performance of Republican tax for his untimely death. At no time did he renounce his views reduction platform pledges. nor apologize for the wreck of the Republican Party. His fight against party leaders ousted the Republican Party from WHAT WAS DONE OR NOT DOXE power for eight years. He followed his own judgment and The alleged offense of 15 or more Members, according to the country believed conscience guided Theodore Roosevelt in frequent speeches and press statements, is for failing to support his attempt to resurrect party standards and individual re­ the Republican presidential nominee at the recent election and sponsibility that had reached low ebb. alleged efforts to defeat Republican Members of the IIouse. I much doubt if at any time then or thereafter present Unwillingness to support an administration program hereafter Majority_ Leader Lo TawoRTH, or Republicans generally, would to be presented is also alleged to be involved. In other words, have voted to excommunicate Theodore Roosevelt from the it is propo ed without a hearing to assume to read out of the Republican Party. Countless examples of political independence Republican Party all duly elected Republican Representatives in both parties are familiar to every Member, but speaker­ of a great State in which the Republican Party had its birth. ship contests and other local considerations have never hereto­ At this time I will only say that lifelong Republicans who fore been involyed, nor an important factor when testing party sometimes differ from my own views have frequently in my regularity. State and other States opposed the regularly nominated Re- . publican candidates for governor, for Congress, and for other A GRIST OF EMIXEXT IRREGULAR REPUBLICANS • positions as late as 1924,~ under a plea of differences in brands The 1ast election brought an apparent1y safe majority of of Republicanism of one or the other. Are they to be ex­ Republicans to erve in the ne:rt House, although a loss of over communicated from the party for so doing? Chastisement of 100 Republican Members compared with four years ago is not Republican Members through exclusion from a Republican to be ignored. ·whatever the situation may be two years or conference, whether for that purpose or not, it is charged, four years hence, when other elections shall have rolled around, may affect the speakership contest, for. they would thus be the majority leader now, if supported by party colleagues, may deprived of expre sing any choice for Speaker or other officials. be placed in a position to impose political penalties under any So, too, object lessons of dire punishment inflicted on alleged new flexible code needed to fit the exigencies of the ca e. No irregular Republicans, when placed before the House, may constitutional right belonging to any Member, however, will deter others from acting independently. The right or power be infringed nor the right to participate freely in legislation, to punish either by a party leader or by any number of party so with that knowledge I am undisturbed over any action colleagues is challenged but will not be here discus ed, although taken toward unnamed Members whom Mr. Harvey, the new unprecedented in the House. By such precedent, however, Republican -::ensor, calls "renegades." He ought to know what if once established, future party organization and legislative that term implies, for in 1912 Mr. Harvey denounced Repub­ performance may well become involved. However, I desire licans like Roosevelt and Taft until finally silenced by Wilson, only to offer a brief personal statement, based on facts and whom he was then actively supporting against Wilson's own political history, where silence may otherwise be mistaken for published protest. Roosevelt, Hiram J obnson, Garfield, Bever­ fear or for acquiescence in vague or untrue allegations. idge, Pinchot, Cummin , McCormick, and other eminent Repub­ licans like General Wood in the Philippines, Senator Poindex­ TEN UEYBERS ELECTED BY AGGREGATE REP'GBLICAN MAJORITY OF 333,518 ter in Peru, and I may add Kellogg, Senator, ambassador, now For 30 years with one Member and for many years with Secretary of State and high in party councils, all I believe others the 10 Republican Members of the present delegation were once engaged jointly in politically wrecking or reconstruct­ from Wisconsin have invariably participated in and supported ing the Republican Party. every Republican organization of the House at every session., I measure Republicanism largely as I have interpreted the During that period, I believe, they have all supported Re­ principles voiced by Frem·ont and Lincoln, first and foremost publican platform pledges. I leave it for them to say if standard bearers of a great party, organized at Ripon, in my this is challenged. In every political campaign these 10 Re­ own State of Wisconsin, about 70 years ago. publican Repre. entatives of Wisconsin have stood for election in their respective districts as Republicans. Last election they A CERTIFICATE OF ELECTIO:-f SUBMITTED received majorities over their Democratic opponents aggre­ Over a quarter of a century continuously elected by the gating 333,518 votes, or an average of over 33,000 Republican Republican Party has been my length of official service. Last majority in ea·ch district. That .record is a certificate of mem­ fall a home constituency gave me the Republican primary bership in the party that can not well be impeached. nomination without opposition by over 32,000 votes; at the To the first charge affecting campaign support I speak only November election a majority of more than 36,000 was received for myself when saying that over 20 years ago many hard­ on the Republican ticket over an active Democratic opponent fought battles occurred in the old Badger State under the and of 44,000 majority over another candidate who ran as a 1925 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 2643

" Progressive Republican!1 I mention this specifically to show dean of the House is to be humiliated for no overt political faith of a highly intelligent constituency in their representa­ act, then support of a substitute platform in a Republican tive and I believe I have maintained complete faith with Re­ Convention is for the first time in America's history to be held publican principles. a political crime. If independence at a political convention .My father, now living, voted for Fr~mont, served three and is held improper or legislative independence merits punish­ one-half years in a blue uniform under Lincoln from 1861 to ment, then let him without political sin cast the first stone. 1865, and he voted at the last election. A lifelong Republican, Nothing could be more unjust unless found in the action or so voting for 68 years, his party record few men have equaled. those who refused to permit Lodge, Republican Senate leader No conclusions or comparisons with critics are drawn-the record and keynoter of the 1920 Republican National Convention from speaks for itself. actively participating at Cleveland, because it was reported, It has been publicly stated that committee assignments may pursuant to a pledge, he voted to pass a soldiers' compensation be taken away from 15 Members who ·e Republicanism is bill over the presidential veto. To transport the steam roller, under consideration. If so, it would advance many worthy however, of a politieal convention down to the Halls of Con­ Members on different committees, but if 15 Members are ousted gress where legislation depends on fairness and justice to col­ now, why would not that precedent ju tify 50 or more com­ leagues, irrespective of J)arty, is without precedent. Consist­ mittee vacancies, if desired in the future? ency is a desired virtue when Republicans in another legislative COMMITTEE POSITIONS PROVIDE LEGISLATIVE WORK body " disciplined" Republican legislators for alleged party irregularity, yet themselves were first to vote to override the If committee places or so-called key position depend upon President's veto on the post office bill during this session. the legislative views of Republican Membees, then proposed A moment's reflection will disclose that few men are always legi lation will govern any threatened puni hment rather than " regular " or never independent, and in that fact rests the ab5;tract principles in politics. Ba. ed on precedence, Members 'safety and security of our constitutional government and of the have generally held former committee positions when reelected; but peronally I offer no claims and make no request here be­ Republic. yond ·aying that on every committee of which I have been a Other members of the delegation, I believe, were not actively member I voted with my party colleagues in reporting bills engaged in the last national campaign, which was their right, supported by them, reserving, however, on two or three occa­ I assume, if so, but I am not authorized to speak for them nor to ask any favors. They are all able to speak for themselves ~ion the right thereafter to offer amendments in the House. ·would any 1\Iember of either party do le s? when occasion requires. Without prophe ying ru · to future legi~lation it is probable From the days when Lincoln in this House opposed President no fair-minded Representative of either the &publican or Polk and the l\le:xican War during the war's progress down to Democratic Party l\ill obstruct needful legi ·latioa, but ~!em­ the days when, as President, he led the fight against human bers of neither party, I apprehend, will concede that results slavery, independent thinking and uncontrolled legislation have of the recent election demand a surrender of our con~titutional been the best safeguards of human rights. rights or individual opinions in all matters of legislation. From recent days, when Roosevelt and s~ores of men now . Party platform pledge , if definite, of cour ·e should go\ern in public life denounced the corrupt infiuence of big busine s tho:e serving under any party banner, but a new doctrine i when found in politics and legislation, dol>n to the day of announced if thL<:> principle extends to everything advocated Roo evelt's death the country honoted him for his cour e. No under color of party regularity. Whepever Article I of the new standards, I submit, should be raised wherein Senators or Constitution is abrogated- so that Cong-ress voices alone the Representatives would be elected only to serve as rubber stamps views of admini ·trative public officials or other outside in­ rather than as representatives of their constituents. fiuences then representati~e government will become a farce. Mr. LONGWORTH. · Will the gentleman yield? Mr. FREAR. I will; certainly. CO!-IGRESS LEOlSLATES AS A COKSTITUTIO~AL BODY Mr. LONGWORTH. I want to preface my question by stat­ During the last four years personal letters or utterances ing tliat no man in this House bas a higher regard or a warmer were procured from Executi\eS and presented to the House friendship for the gentleman from Wisconsin [Mr. 0ooPER] supporting measures not mentioned in party platforms, includ­ than I have. I want to ask the gentleman this question, ing a gene1·al consumption tax for financing a bonus bill; a founded on his statement that Mr. CooPER did not leave the ship subsidy; a dye embargo; a retroactive repeal of the excess­ district during the campaign. I want to ask the gentleman if, profits tax for 1921 in\olving $450,000 000; a Treasury bill to his knowledge, any members of the Wisconsin delegation carrying 50 per cent tax reduction to some 6,000 wealthy tax­ went into other States and advocated the election of Demo­ payers, with only 25 per cent cut for 3,500,000 small income cratic candidates for Congre s? taxpayer.<;. In like manner Executives opposed the soldiers' Mr. FREAR. I do not know; I speak only for my eli; I compensation and affirmative tax-cut legislation subsequently know I did not. It was never suggested to me at any time, nor pa ~sed by Congress that is now law. In every case the action I am quite sure in the case of Mr. CooPER, and the reason I of Congress based on its own judgment, I believe, was a politi­ speak from positive knowledge in his case is· that I spent one cal asset instead of party liability and of. benefit to the country, week at his request 'in his district at the time of the primary, yet if any mistake or series of mistakes occurred Congress is and I know that he was ill. the representative constitutional body empowered to enact or Mr. LONGWORTH. The gentleman himself did not leave the repeal laws. State? This much has been said in a general way. I would ·be re­ Mr. FREAR. Yes, I did; but not to di cuss congressional miss in duty, however, if I failed to state a further situation or State issues in any way. The subject af my discussion was in no way personal nor suggested to me by any Member, but along the lines I have heretofore stated-the Presidency. which ha moved me to \Oice this protest against misstatements 1\Ir. LONGWORTH. The gentleman, however, spoke against and frequent public threats. the interest of the Republ:kan ticket? During the Sixty-ninth Congress the dean and oldest Re­ Mr. FREAR. I spoke for the candidacy of Senator LA publican Member of tlle House of RepresentatiYes will be FoLLETTE ; but I believe I can fairly say I never reflected on the HENRY ALLEN CooPER, of Wisconsin. For 32 years in 16 elec­ highest officer of the administration. tions he has been returned to this body, an e\idenee of the love and loyalty felt for him by the people of our State. I lllr. LOXGWORTH. Did the gentleman advocate the election offer no eulogy for his long, valuable service here. Because of Senator WHEELER? of his ability, experience, and sterling Republicanism, Wis­ 1\Ir. FREAR. I assume he was on the ticket; I do not know consin sent him back to Congress for the sixteenth time last that ·his name was ever mentioned. election with 37,000 majority over hls Democratic opponent. Mr. LONGWORTH. The gentleman can not state, of his own knowledge, whether any member of the Wiscon in delega­ INJUSTICE TO A~ HONORED !.IEUBEU tion advocated the election of Members of Congress other than At the last Republican National Convention Congressman Republicans? CooPER was asked to offer a substitute platform. This he did !Ir. FREAR. No; I do not know as to that. They can with parliamentary fairness, eminent ability, and rare good speak for themselves. . nature, so as to command the respect of political friends and Mr. LONGWORTH. I hold in my hand a newspaper clipping cpponents alike. Thereafter he was prevented from outside from the Providence Bulletin of October 29 referring to a speaking during the campaign because of illness and active speech delivered at Pawtucket, R. I. Referring to a speech contests in his own distri<.:t. I do not know that he took any delivered in Pawtucket, R. I.-- part in the national campaign. " 7 hether he might have done Mr. FREAR. Uay I have a little more time, if questioned? so under different circumstauces I can not say. This much Mr. LONGWORTH. Yes; I will yield to the gentleman addi­ is certain, if CooPER for 32 yearl::l a Hepublican Member and tio~al time. 2644 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JANUARY 29"

Mr. FREAR. I have no objection to the interruption, but I Thereafter followed many planks in the Roose\elt platforni will be glad to haYe two or three minutes additional. of si~zling c~aracter on inheritance taxes, the courts, coiTupt l\Ir. LONGWORTH. I bold in my hand a newspaper clip­ practices, and so forth. Equally bli tering denunciation of ping referring to a speech delivered in Pawtucket, R. I., in President Taft and the Republican Party appear in speeches which a gentleman from WiscQnsin, the gentleman's colleague, of many well-known men. Mr. BnowNE, was alleged to have said this, after having To this effort in overturning the Republican Party was given deliyered a very strong indictment of· the Republican Party the active. aggre sive support of men like Frank A. Munsey, a generally from its leader down, speaking of candidates, Demo­ great publisher, who contributed $70,000, according to publi hed cratic candidates for office in the State of Rhode Island, and reports, and whose countenance is photographed among many particularly for the Democratic Member of Congress, who was irreconcilable anti-Republicans as "one of the strongest sup· seated with b~m on the platform. I read this sentence : porters of the new party." From an editorial, September 4, 1912, in the St. Paul Pioneer Press of Minne"ota, conservatile Speaking briefly on the men running on the Democratic ticket in of tile conservatives, I quote as follows: this State, :.Ur. BnowxE said O'Co~~ELL is a hard worker and has" voted just the way I did." "Your lieutenant governo.r is an independent and Senator CUlLUI~S announces be will >ote for Colonel Roosevelt, should be electe!l governor, for he has a hig amount of backbone," the although be does not approve all the planks in the Progressi>e plat­ speaker added. " If I were a Republican in this State, I would vote form. !or ::llr. Flynn for Senator." . T~e ll.igbest po ilion in the Senate to-clay is held by this l\Ir. FREAR. I will say, if the gentleman wi~hes me to, distrngwshed supporter of Rooseyelt in 1912. that I never heard anything about it, but it shows the danger Some of the strongest utterances again. t the Republican or the unfairnes of putting all Members from Wisconsin to­ Party and vigorous condemnation of Pre ident Taft and gether with anyone who has that view, if correctly quoted­ others came from men who are actiye in public life to-day. with the dean of the Republicans of the Hou!::e of Representa­ Among those names appear Hon. .Medill McCormick · Gov. tiYes, who was ill and unable to leave his district. I know Hiram Johnson ; Senator Miles Poindexter, then Senato~· now nothing about the Rhode Island meeting. American Ambassador to Peru; Senator Beveridge; •dnator Mr. LOXGWORTH. I want to ask the gentleman if he will Mo e. Clapp; and others notably active in another great legis· state if in his opinion the gentleman who made th9se remark lath-e body. Alexander P. Moor~, Ambassador to Spain; Frank can be called a Republican'! B. Kellogg, Senator, then Amha ~sador to the Court of ~t. Mr. FREAR. I will with this reservation: If the gentleman James, and recently promoted to tlle position of Secretary of :fl·om Ohio [Mr. Lo~owoRTH] will insist that a man who was State, appointed by Pre ident Coolidge, are al o among tho ~ e very clo e to him and one of the most prominent in all America whose name and photographs appear in the reports as sup­ and who came out and demanded as he did the desh·uction of porter of the Roosevelt campaign. the Republican Party-Theodore Roo evelt-if Rooseyelt was This record is submitted, lest we forget, with a score of a Republican, the rule should apply to both. The people did other names still conspicuous in American affairs. They are not say Colonel R..9osevelt was not a Republican, because he all highly honorable men whose independence in 1912 was no came back to the Uepublican fold. I as ume both men named disgrace. If punishment, if banishment, if ouster or other were Republicans after the!r election as such. cha Ntisement was ever proposed or giyen to one of these men The CHA.IR~I..L~. The time of the g&tleman from Wiscon- I haYe been unable to find the record. . Men highest in the present Republican Cabinet, men highest sin has expired. l\Ir. LOXG,VORTH. I yield to the gentleman two minute •. m the preRent United States Senate and others of note who All The CHAIR\IA.~. The gentleman had 20 minutes. He now repre.·ent our Government to-day in foreign countries. these are still honored notwithstanding they supported a move· ha. 2 minute:. Mr. MILLS. :Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield"? ment that bitterly opposed and condemned l>re ident Taft tllen a candidate for reelection and further declared the Re: LET ACC L' SERS BE MET FACE TO F.!CE publican party had " become the tool of corrupt interests" Mr. FRE.AR. I will in a moment. and hnu betrayed a great trust. Briefly in no spirit of controversy I have sought to sub­ This record is submitted without further comment than to mit facts entitled to be considered on their merit". As a .., ay tllat the most exalted places in admini ~ trative and legirla­ Republican who has continuou ly repre ented the same constit­ tiYe po ·ition.'3 in America to-day are held by men who in the uency in this body for many years, I expect to work as hereto­ past, ba. ed on the record, joined a moYement to wreck the Re­ fore with my party, anti in so doing recognize the necessity of publican Party and defeat it Chief ExecutiYe. It is well party leader hip, yet of highest importance I believe is intelli­ again to add "let him without ~ ca. t the first stone," when gent1 independent, and wise legi lation by Congress, a coonli­ standards of party regularity are to be :fixed. nate branch of goyernment equally responsible with the Ex­ SE~A'l'OR LADD'S SPEECII ecutiYe for the welfare of the State. Members of both Houses of Congre~s of both political parties If Republicanism "is to be tested by an unbroken record of are indebted to Senat.or L..wo, of North Dakota,. for his ex:· election on the Republican ticket or by support of party· plat­ position on the subject of political independence and party form pledges theretofore given to the people, then the test regularity which appeared in his speech in the Senate of Jan· should be welc<1med. My contention is that every Member of nary G, 1925. this great body now and hereafter is entitled to meet accusers I am quoting from several prominent men whose opinions face to face before any tribunal of his party colleague that haYe been collated by the distingui~hed R.?nator from Xorth assume to be empowered to act. If challenged, that right i Dakota and who expressed definite views that very largely aRked at the hands of my Republican colleagues, on behalf of will be subscribed to by the ayerage man in public life. The any Member elected as a Republican, not as a matter of favor, record of Roosevelt and tho ·e who rallied under his standard but as the inherent right of every Member, that he be heard in 1912 has been alluded to. He was never punished for party in llis own defense. irregularity, but would probably have been the unanimous Re· ARE TITESE ME~ REPUBLICANS? publican choice for President in 1920 hatl he liYed. The fol· I haYe already quoted. the names of eminent Republicans who lowing eulogy was expressed by one of the most conspicuous joined Roo eyelt in 1912 in an effort to reelect him President. men in public life since 1912, a Repul.Jlican Senator and Presi· dent, and a man who e judgment dictated the policy of his Others of equal note may be added. The Progres iYe Roo evelt platform adopted at Chicago, party in recent years. I quote from Senator Hm·ding, who ,_aid June 22, 1912, contained among other things these planks: of Roosevelt: He was one of the foremost citizens of the world in a most extraor­ Political parti"'s exist to secure responsible government and to e:JO:e­ dinary era, ns he was the most vigorous and courageous American of cute the will of the people. From the e gr('at tasks both of the old . his time. In spite of conflicts in which be was crilic or the subject of parties have turned aside. criticism, he was respected as no other American. There is no direct Instead of instruments to promote the general welfa1·e th£::y have legatee of his >ast political estate. become the tools of corrupt interests, which use them impartially to sen-e their selfish purposes. Behind the ostensible go~ernment sits That sounds far removed from political puni hment for irre"'- enthroned an invisible government, owing no allegiance and acknowledg­ ularity. ., ing no responsibility to the people. I quote again, this time from Senator Koruus OI). political 'The deliberate betrayal of trust by the R"'publican rarty, the fatal independence, and with this sentiment most men find an echo incapacity of the Democratic Party to deal with the new issues of the in their hearts. He said : time, have compelled the people to forge n new instrument of go>ern­ I ba>e been opposed to political machines, to boss control, and to ment through which to give effect to their will in laws and institutions. caucus rule, and _it sceme!l to me it was my !luty to proclaim what I 1925 CONGRESSIONAli RECORD-HOUSE 2645

believed to be right and to expose what I believed to be wrong just as [Editorial from the Washington Star, January 26] quickly when I find it in my party as though I found it in some other The old saying that there is nothing new under the sun is consider­ party. * * * I must stand with anybody who stands right-stand ably discredited by the demand of the Iowa Republican central com­ t , with him when he Is right and part from him when he goes wrong. mittee that SMITH W. BROOKHAltT be denied the seat in the United States Again quoting from Senator LADD's speech) I find therein a Senate to which he was elected last November. Certainly the demand quotation from another distinguished Senator which is equally raises a new issue in American politics, and one that is full to the brim forceful and full of meaning. Senator BoRAH is quoted as of interesting possibillties. having said during the last campaign: Demand that Senator BROOKHABT be debarred is not based on allega­ tion that he did not receive a requisite number of legal votes, but it is I cJaim the right as your Senator to oppose any measure, by whom­ charged that he was guilty of "fraud and deceit" in that he obtained soever proposed, which I believe to be injurious to the public interest the senatorial nomination as a Republican and continued to pose as a or unwise in government. I claim the right to support any measure, Republican "until the time for filing independent candidacies had ex­ by whomsoever proposed, which -I believe to be in the public good and pired, and until it was no longer possible for him to be removed from in the interest of sound government. This states the whole thing. I the Republican ticket," whereupon he repudiated the national candi­ would rather have the people of my State believe that I have the cour­ dates and platform of the Republican Party and supported the candi­ age to vote as I think I ought to vote, regardless· of passion or party, dacies of L.A FOLLETTE and WHEELER and the platform upon which than to have any office they can give me. * * * Republicanism, as they stood. " Members of the Republican Party were thereby de­ I understand it, is clean government. It is economic g·overnment. It prived of having a candidate for United States Senator," the Iowa. ls progressive government. No greater progressive ever lived than Lin­ committee asserts. coln. Republicanism is government free from monopolistic control at Senator BROOKHART already has been " punished " for his disaffection home and equally free from domination and political entanglements by the Senate Republican caucus, which read him out of the party. abroad. But to undertake to read him out of the Senate for the same offense And still another gentleman of distinction in the same great is something very different. The Constitution takes no account of body of independent Republicans comes to us in Senator political parties or of party nominations. Party loyalty is nowhere CouzENS, of Michigan, who said: made a test of fitness for office. It is true the Constitution makes the Senate the sole judge of the election and qualification of its Members, It complete adherence to the proposals and policies of President but never in the past bas it been proposed to unseat a Senator on the Coolidge is the test of Republicanism, there are no Republicans in the ground that he was disqualified by disloyalty to his party, or that such National Congress. I do not belleve it to be the desire of my con­ disloyalty constituted fraud of a character to invalidate his election. stituents that I abjectly promise to follow some one and do his bidding. If the Senate once started making party loyalty a test of fitness for * * * I believe in party government, but so long as I am a member membership in that body, one can not help but wonder where the ex· of the party I ·propose to have a voice in it and not to be controlled periment would end. by party " bosses " or leaders. Would, for Instance, refusal of a. candidate for the Senate to sup· Another sentiment to which we may all subscribe is that also port a nominee for his party for justice of the peace constitute a dis­ found in Senator LADD's speech, originally expressed by Secre­ qualifying breach of party loyalty? Absurd, you say. Well, then, ~ary of State Hughes, wherein he said: would refusal to support his party's nominee for governor constitute such a breach? Or refusal to support the candidate in his district for Party loya1ty and patriotism should coincide. But if they are an­ the House of Representatives? Unless the loyalty test was to be con­ tagonistic, patriotism must ever be supreme. The party is not the fined to presidential candidates it would be difficult to find a stopping Nation or State. When the attitude of party threatens the interest of place down the scale of consequential office . . the community, when ill-chosen pollcy invites general disaster, when And how about a Senator who, after attaining office, refused to sup­ party success means the debasement of standards of honor and decency, port the President upon some vital question of national policy which the party man should recognize the superior obligation of his citizen­ had been made an issue in the campaign and had influenced the casting ~hip. of votes by which they both had been elected? Unless he had de­ I conclude with one more brief statement from a man whose clared himself ln advance upon that issue would not he, too, be charge­ fairness, ability, and political and personal cleanliness of mind able with " fraud and deceit"? How many Senators are there of either are beyond criticism. I refer to the distinguished Senator who party who would be willing to have the Iowa theory of party dis­ comes under the ban of his party associates, but whom I have cipline carried to it-s logical conclusion? Contents of the box Pandora known intimately through several months' close association on opened would seem tame and commonplace compared with the things a European trip and found him to be in all things a square and which would be likely to escape once the Senate undertook to comp1y just man. Senator L.ADD made the following statement of his with the Iowa demand that Senator BROOKHART be denied the seat to position in the same speech : which Iowa voters elected him. If the judgment of the majority members of the caucus is to preyail Mr. Chairman, I have offered this brief reply to repeated in the councils 0: the party, I am sure 'that in 1926 the party will be threats and some misstatements given wide publicity. As figuring on how to get somebody into it harder than the arrogant stated at the outset, I have no favors to ask, but my Repub· would-be leaders are now scheming to get certain Senators out of it. lican colleagues from Wisconsin reelected by unprecedented • * * Let no one think I am making any personal appeal. I do majorities are not required by any precedent to submit their not acknowledge any default for myself, nor do I recognize any juris­ Republicanism to any man or group ef men for judgment, but diction that can bold me to account except that of my constituents. · to their constituents alone. No legislative rights of any 1\lem· ber nor of any constituency will be taken away, for the Con· AN EDITORIAL SERMON WITH A MORAL stitution protects all alike without reference to party, parti· An editorial last Monday in the Washington Star on the sub­ sanship, or official pronouncement, however high. ject of party regularity is timely. Intolerance leads to ridicu­ Now, I shall be glad to yield to the gentleman from New lous conclusions. The Iowa Republican State committee asks York. the Senate to oust a Senator because he is not loyal to the Mr. 1\IILLS. I will ask the gentleman whether during the State committee's standard of party loyalty. Ousting any duly last campaign the gentleman attended a meeting in the forty­ elected official from office in a slightly less degree applies to third congressional district of New York advocating the elec­ ousting from legislative committees. Duiy elected Congress­ tion of the candidate opposed to the Republican, 1\Ir. REED? men have been patient while critics have noisily and based on Mr. FREAR. I spoke on the presidential candidacy. I never incorrect reports ·discussed "party loyalty" as applied to every­ spoke on the subject of any congressional candidacy. I have thing from President down to justice of the peace. By the talked with Mr. REED about it. He understands it. There Star's test 90 per cent of the members of both parties would was not one there who spoke in opposition to Congressman find themselves disqualified. It is well to act not only with REED. I certainly did not. justice but may I say without being misunderstood also with Mr. MILLS. Was not his opponent there, and the gentle· good judgment. man was on the platform? Legislation depends on many things that are not determined 1\lr. FREAR. I was on the platform. But Mr. REED knows behind closed doors of caucuses or committees. Legislative that no statement of that kind was made. I did not oppose the work, however, if confined to the Committee of the Whole, election of anyone on the congressional or State ticket. wouid even then offer many compensations. Good judgment lUr. MILLS. Did not the gentleman favor the candidacy of should prevail with both critics and those criticized, and I the gentleman opposed to Mr. REED? submit herewith the editorial for prayerful consideration by l\Ir. FREAR. In no way at any time. I assumed it was a ~msting advocates. · meeting on the subject of the Presidency. I was there to .An episode entitled, When is a Republican not a Republican? speak for_ Se!ll!tO! LA FoLLETTE's candidacy, and I did so. LXVI-168 2646 CONGRESSION .AJj REOORD-' HOUSE JANUARY 29

Mr. MILLS. And at the same meeting the candidacy of the existing departments and that others ought to be abo'lislled. gentleman opposing Mr. REED was advocated? He was on the We have boards exercising powers which ought to be exer­ platform? cised by individuals, whose work should be supervised by Mr. FREAR. He advocated his own candidacy, and he never members of the Cabinet. There are some activities wllieh said anything against Mr. REED, but I knew nothing about would be discharged with greater efficiency if placed in charge arrangements and have stated the facts. of an individual who would be held ~sponsil>le. I contend Mr. TREADWAY. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? that commission government encourage" extravagance. For M:r. FREAR. Yes. instance, this bill carries appropriations for the Shipping Mr. TREADWAY. Will my colleague be kind enough to Board, whose chairman tells us that he has an assistant at give me some information with regard to the nature of the a salary of $10f000 a year. speech he himself made at Boston? The salary of a :Member of Congress is $7,500; the salary of Mr. ·FREAR. Undoubtedly; y~s. The Secretary of War had n United States Senator is $7,500 ; but an assistant to a mem­ made an attack, which, as I believe, was without foundation, ber of the Shipping Board draws $10,000 a year, almost as on the State of Wisconsin. He went on to de cribe the con­ much as the salary of a member of the Cabinet. Until two ditions emting there on ta.."{.ation and other subjects. I was years ago the Assistant Secretaries in the Tarious departments asked if I would go there and answer that, which I ·did briefly received a salary of $5,000; under the reclassification act tlley as one of the speakers present. At the same time I men­ receive a salary of $7,500. The Assistant Secretary of \\Tar tioned the candidacy of Senator LA FoLLETTE. and the Assistant Secretary of the ~avy receive $7,500 a year, Mr. TREADWAY. Did my colleague make any reference but the chairirulll of the Shipping Board appoints an assistant .in that speech to the congressional election in that district? who draws $10,000 a year. I have no doubt that an invcsti­ Mr. FREAR. Not, to my recollection, at any time. ga tion will prove similar extravagance under other commis­ ?!Ir. BERGER. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? sions. Mr. FREAR. Yes. I call attention to another evil growing out of government Mr. BERGER. Is it not a fact that our leader in the last by commission, namely, the demands made upon citizens for campaign, Senator LA FoLLETTE, said that both the Democratic reports. The commissions and bureaus empowered to call ftlld Republican Parties were COTrupt beyond help and beyond upon citizens for information vie with each other· in their redemption? Did he not say repeatedly that we needed a new efforts to annoy the citizens of this country with requests fox political alignment, and this new movement was inaugurated information until the average business man's life is just one at that time? blamed r.epo:rt after another. The printing bill of the depart­ Mr. FREAR. I do not know that Senator LA FoLLETTE said ments of the Government during 1924 amounted to more than that, but I have frequently heard the gentleman who is now $850,000. Even with this enoriilDus expenditure fo.r printing talking say that. While every m~mber of the ReiJublican Party bulletins and reports, the statistics printed by the departmentg in the congressional delegation from Wisconsin bad about an are often so long out of date as to ·have no value other than average of 33,000 majority, the gentleman who is now inter­ historical value. As an instance -of it, ask the Bureau of rupting me, the gentleman from Wisconsin, had less than 1,000 Labor Statistics to-day for information as to the wages paid if I remembeT correctly. in the industries of this country. I rei:E~ember making that Mr. BERGER. I ran on the straight Socialist ticket, not experiment about two years ag.o in order to ascertain the wages camou:flaged as a Republican. May I ask the gentleman an­ paid in the textile industry of the South and compare tll'Cm other question? with the wages paid in New England. I was advised that the Mr. FREAR. I do not care to yield further. I thank the latest statistics compiled were two or three years old, whirh gentleman from Indiana for yielding me more time. were of absolntely no value except as a matter of historr Mr. SANDLIN. Mr. Chairman, I yield the gentleman from because in two or three years conditions greatly. change. They South Carolina [Mr. BYRNEs] 10 minutes. collect so much informati6n that they can not print it and Mr. BYRNES of South Carolina. Mr. Chairman and gentle­ much of it is of no value. Let me illustrate. One of the men of the committee, as I understand it, this is a meeting of activities provided for in this bfil is the FedeTat Board for the Committee of the Whole House and not a Republican Vocational Educati-on. Some one has sent me one of the bul­ caucus. [Laughter.] letins issued by that board. It is entitled u Diary of Home­ Mr. S.NELL. The Coriunittee of the Whole House on the making Activities," in which the women of America are told state of the Union. [Laughter.] that they should carefully note all of their activities during Mr. BYRNES of South Carolina. This bill appropriates the day, and in order that they might be fully advised a $452,000,000, not for the regular establishments of the Govern­ sample is furnished of what information should be jotted down, ment but for independent offices. The expenditure of half a from which I read : billion dollars for independent o11ices shows the trend of govern­ Saturday, November ~: 6,30-7, dres ed se-lf; waked htaba.nd; ope~:~."d Ill€nt toward bureaus and commissions. Ten years ago there doors and windows dowmtairs; prepared breakfast. 7-7.30, ate brt-ak­ were listed in the Congressional Directory 20 commissions, fa.st; planned evening party with husband; called children. boards, and bureaus under the Government of the United States. Telling a woman in Idaho, 1\faine, or South Carolina that To-day we have 39 independent establishments, whether Cl;llled at 7 o'cloek in the morning she should begin planning an e•e• commissions, bureaus, or· boards, operating under the Govern­ ning party for her husband while she dressed her children. ment of the United States. And that does not tell the whole That she -should record sueh activities and report to that board. story, because unfortunately the various States of the Union have followed the example of the Government of the United 7.30 to 8: Dressed baby, combed Allce's hair, helped Billy put on States and have proceeded to establish commissions and bu­ his overalls, gav~ children breakfast. 8.30 to 9: Put kite.ben and reaus, co.vering all kinds of activjties, greatly _increasing the dining room in order. 9 to 9.30: Gave baby his bath- · cost of government by the States. He did not get his bath until 1} o'elock- The creation by Congress of these commissions and bureaus planned luncheon and dinner. 9.30 to 10: Put bouse in order. 10 to necessarily increases the expense of government As late as 10.30 : Gathered peas out ot the garden. 10.30 to 12: Minded baby, 1916 there were 27,243 employees in the Government service mended husband's shirt, hunted biB rte, washed and ironed waist. outside of the 10 established departments presided over by 12 to 1 : Gave children luncheon. 1 to 1.30 : Inquired about sick members of the Cabinet. Eight years later, in 1924, the .num­ neighbor, planned the afternoon for the children, punished Bllly for ber of employees of commissions and bureaus had increased hurting All-ee. frDm 27,000 to 51.643. · [Laughter.] Mr. MADDEN. Will the gentleman yield? Mr. BYRNES of South Carolina. Yes. .And so on through the day until finally at the eTening hour, Mr. MADDEN. I would suggest that 30,000 of those em­ when all of these pages are filled, the women of America are ployees were in the Veterans' Bureau to take care of the dis­ told that they should furnish this information: abled soldiers of the late war. Name all tbe dlil'ei·ent kinds o! pla.nning jobs which you mu t do Mr. BYRNES of South Oarolina. On June 80, 1924, there and which were not listed in the day's work. For e:mmple. plannrd were 27,035 employees in the Veterans' Bureau, a service grow­ to spend month's income so as to save for a uew rug; planned a new ing out of the war. But an the othe-r hand, in 1916 there c.o.at for Jane out of my old skirt; planned to store ill.ter clothes; were 19,291 persons employed on the Panama Canal who were store vegetables for the winter. included in the total of 27~035. That number. has been re­ As if any woman on earth would ever have time t() do nny­ ouced to 8,890. thing if she stopped to jot down all the information that the e I know that orne of the~ e~mmfss-=ons mast r-emain inde­ people m the department want them to jot down and report. pendent of the 10 E'Stnuli hed departments of the Government, And I ask you, if they sent back that information, what in but I know, too, that some of them ought to be merged with the world would the board do with it? 1925 . OONGRESSION AL RECORD-HOUSE 2647

Mr. WINGO. Will the gentleman yield? cost of government in the States and subdivisions of States :Mr. BYRNES of South Carolina. Yes. _ increased 115 per cent, while the cost of the National Govern­ Mr. WINGO. I notice that one of the entries in that model ment in 1922 showed an increase of 380 per cent as compared 'diary is that the woman punished Billy. Does the diary dis­ with the cost of the National Government in 1912. Some statis­ 'close the proper method to use, whether it is the old method ticians have figured five persons to the family. If this is fair, 'vr the modern method? and the average tax per person of the National Government Mr. BYRNES of South Carolina. No ; that is one of the is what the Bureau of the Census has figured it to be, $68.29, oversights, but I am sorry my friend has sug~ested it, be­ then the tax bill of the average family of five is $3-!1.25 per cause I fear the department will note the suggestiOn and issue year, and it seems that when the head of a family of five earns a new bulletin next week. on!y $1,200 a year, he spends more than one-fourth of his time The CHAIRMAN. The time of the gentleman from South working to pay his taxes. Carolina has expired. 1\fr. SMITH. Will the gentleman yield? Mr. BYRNES of South Carolina. Mr. Chairman, I would Mr. BYRNES of South Carolina. I yield. like to have 10 additional minutes. Mr. SMITH. Is it not true that this 300 per cent increase Mr. SANDLIN. 1\lr. Chairman, I yield the gentleman 10 in the expenditures of the Federal Government was due en­ additional minutes. tirely to the war? Mr. BYRNES of South Carolina. If not restrained by Con­ Mr. BYRNES of South Carolina. Oh, no. gre s, there is absolutely no limit to the investigations which Mr. SMITH. And the comparison should be made with last enthusiastic department officials would conduct. In the de­ year? partments are many able men, interested in their work but Mr. BYRNES of South Carolina. Oh, no. If we compared unmindful of the burden of taxation. taxes in 1912 with taxes for the years 1917 and 1918, the per­ I remember that a most enthusiastic official in one of the centage instead of being 380 per cent would be much greater. departments came before a subcommittee of the Appropria­ In 1922 we were four years removed from the war, and the ex­ tions Committee on which I was serving and wanted an addi­ penses of the Kational Government were 380 per cent more than tional appropriation in order that he might conduct an in­ in 1912. Of course, the gentleman may say that in 1922 there vestigation as to how many hours a day a woman might work were some activities that were brought about by the war, and without being fatigued, and although I suggested it might. be of course that is true. As I said just a moment ago in discuss· of little value, that it might depend entirely on the kind of ing the question of employees, there are many employees in the a woman she might be-whether she was a big woman or a Yeterans' Bureau, which is a new bureau established since the little woman a strong woman or a weak woman-his en­ war, but on the other hand there were employees who were thusiasm for' his cause never waned, and his earnestness in­ at the Panama Canal in 1912 who are not now employed. The creased as he pleaded his cause. increased expense of government can not be charged entirely I know that no man can be a success in a department unless to the war and activities growing out of the war. he is enthusiastic about his work. He must be zealous, but Mr. SMITH. Why not make the comparison between 1924 at the same time the Congress must have common sense enough and 1912? to restrain the desires of these gentlemen who would investi­ Mr. BYRNES of South Carolina. I have been making the gate everything on earth and who apparently believe that the comparison of 1922 with 1912 in expenditures because 1922 is people are so helpless they can do nothing for themselves. the latest year for which the Census Bureau has prepared Mr. BOYCE. Will the gentleman yield? statistics. Mr. BYRNES of South Carolina. I yield. Mr. . GAR~TER of Texas. Will the gentleman yield? Mr. BOYCE. What di_vision of the Government is responsi­ 1\Ir. BYRNES of South Carolina. Yes. ble for the creation of these boards and commissions and the 1\Ir. GARNER of Texas. I think the gentleman's statistics like? should go a little further and should show a higher percentage Mr. BYRNES of South Carolina. I am glad the gentleman because the gentleman does not include the postal receipts as asked me that question. because I intended to come to it later. taxes of the Go'\"ernment, and yet they are taxes. The Congress, and the Congress alone, is responsible for it. Mr. BYRNES of South Carolina. I know that; but I pur­ Mr. BOYOID. Is it not time that the Congress of the United posely excluded them because the BUl'eau of the Census did States stopped it? so, and I wanted to use their figures and. not cause confusion. Mr. BYRNES of South Carolina. My only hope in making But what the gentleman from Texas says is true. The postal these remarks at this time is that some Members of the House revenues are taxes. would take the view that I infer the gentleman from Dela­ Mr. GARNER of Texas. And they go into the Treasury? ware entertains, that it is time Congress stopped it. Mr. BYRNES of South Carolina. They go into the Treasury The presumption that States can do nothing for themselves, and ought to be counted. and the constant interference with the rights of the individual I want to call attention to another item. This bill carries citizen have, in my opinion, resulted in the growing sentiment appropriations for a new organization of government, the Board against the extension of governmental activities which is fairly of Tax Appeals. I had hoped that with its establishment we re:tlected in the action of the legislatures of the States to-day would hasten the day when the Government would settle in rejecting the child labor amendment. It was submitted to finally its claims against citizens for back taxes. Already 900 them just at a time when the people had come to realize the appeals have been filed with the board. I am advised, how­ extent to which the Go'\"ernment of the United States is en­ ever, that as a result of the investigation conducted by a Senate croaching upon the rights of the States. In my own State of committee the Bureau of Internal Revenue has concluded that South Carolina, within the last few days, this amendment has some settlements were based upon erroneous interpretations been unanimously rejected, not a vote being cast in favor of of the law, and as a resfllt citizens who thought they had its ratification, either in the Senate or in the House, and in finally secured a release from taxes due in 1917 and 1918 are every other section of the country States are rejecting it. So now receirtng little notes advising them that their cases had that whereas when it was submitted to the States I predicted it been reopened and that they must appear and pay. This means would not be ratified by a majority of the States, I now con­ the employment of lawyers and additional accountants. fidently believe it will not be ratified by one-third, instead of The interests of the Government should be protected, but at the necessary three-fourths of the States. the same time the citizen is entitled to some protection, and I 1\lr. BLANTON. It is 15 to 2, now. believe that there ought to come a time in the life of the tax­ 1\Ir. BYRNES of South Carolina. Well, I am in favor of payer when, having paid the amount determined by the Govern­ the score. ment to be due, he can finally secure a release for the payment Those who defend the extension of governmental activities of taxes due to his Government six or seven rears ago. have been urging, especially in the last six months, that State 1\fr. GARNER of Texas. May I ask the gentleman a ques­ taxation has increased more than taxation of the United States tion there? povernment. Figures do not justify this statement. Mr. BYRNES of South Carolina. Yes. In the rear 1922 the total cost of national, State, and local Mr. GARNER of Texas. Does the gentleman mean to say governments was $7,425,045,000, or an average cost of $68.29 that as a result of the investigation of the Couzens investiga­ for each person in this country. Of this total, $3,204,133,000 tion the policy of the department is being changed with refer­ represents the cost of the National Government for the fiscal ence to the collection of revenue? year ending June 30, 1923, according to the statistics pub­ Mr. BYRNES of South Carolina. I mean to say that they lished by the Bureau of the Census, the last a'\"ailable statis­ ha\e changed their view as to certain provisions of the law, tics, while $4,220,912,000 was the cost of government by States, which affects many.cases heretofore settled. counties, municipalities, and other subdivisions of the States. Mr. GARNER of Texas. That is '\"ery illuminating and is a ~he figures show, however. that between 1912 and 1922 the yery interesting statement. · 2648 CONGRESSIONAJ; RECORD-HOUSE. JANUARY 29-

J Mr. BYRNES of South Carolina. My own inference from earnest, faithful, honest, and sympathetice work in providing what has occurred is that criticisms have been voiced as to for the disabled veterans of America, as much so as any com­ the settlement of certain cases, and gentlemen have gone back mittee coulTennessee [Mr. B:RowNr ~ G]. perform an overload of work. if he retains his position, Mr. W.A SON. Mr. Chairman, I yield 10 minutes also to the because those times come in every human activity. If thia gentleman from Tennessee [Mr. BROW NING]. tuberculosi -arrested patient is forced to shoulder an ordinary The CHAIRMA...... ~. The gentleman from Tennessee is recog­ load, sooner or later the strain is going to overcome him, and nized for 20 minutes. he is going ro become reactivated. There is no such thing as Mr. BROWl\~"NG. Ml.'~ Chairman and .gentlemen, in my regeneration of the areas of the lungs. Wl1en part of the lung opinion the Veterans' Committee of the Mouse has done an is gone it is gone, and the man who has part of that vital 192Q CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 2649 organ on which the whole system 'depends taken away from disability $40 a month industrially if he had any 11oticeable him naturally does not have the capacity to stand up under the amount of involvement. Some would be more than that those load as he did before the disease attacked him. far advanced before it became arrested. We can not treat The first consideration is for the man himself. In my per­ these men all alike, of course, without doing more for one man sonal experience I can think of nothing better to describe than we do for another in proportion to his handicap. We this man than the illustration of a Ford car undertaking to must strik~ an average. But the difficulty of the matter we pull a hill with only two or three cylinders working, and most have confronting us is the proposition of determining just wha:t of ug who have had that experience lmow what it means to the disability is. I want to read a paragraph of what Doctor the machine. That is the condition confronting this man. Dunn says about that: The Government takes him at a tremendous expense and It would require •the very finest sort ot judgment based upon a tre­ brings him to a state of arrest. To maintain that condition, mendous experience and a very accurate knowledge of the whole course ·he must have improvement in food, in its cleanliness, its nutri­ of the Individual case to Tate these properly. This is manifestly im­ tion. He must have an improvement in the quality of his possible of accomplishment with so many cases and with so many food, in the comforts of his residence, in the warmth of the necessarily fnexperi~nced. men to do the rating. clothing he wears, and in the hl.ck of exposure to which he is subjected, and then he must have the privilege of laying down In thls connection Colonel Klotz says : the burden which he has resting upon him to maintain him­ It is obviously difficult to arrive at any quantitative estimate ot this self and family when he sees that burden is going to crush permanent potential dlsabillty. It will natura11y differ widely. This him and bring him back to a reactivated condition. He not makes it difficult also to arrive at any exact amount of compensation only has the actual, permanent, definite, physical disability that ought to be granted to offset this potential disability. In the case by having part of his lung areas taken away, never to be of disabled veterans ·there must necessarily be one standard tor all. restored, but he has ever present that potential disability Previous social Ol' financial condition can not be considered. It fol­ whieh comes with the nature of tuberculosis to recur periodi­ lows necessarily that no matter what amount is determined on that it cally, an.! that dread eternally hangs over his head. Not only will be more than adequate for some, who may be accustomed to a lower the definite, but the potential. He does not dare follow the scale of living and who may be permanently arrested, while it must ordinary pursuits of life with any degree of satisfaction or necessarily be too low for others whose demands are higher and who regularity. He does not dare go out and cope with other men at the same time may not reach the same proportion of working in the ordinary activities, because this sword of Damocles capacity or productivity. However, there are a number of statistical bangs over him. If he walks across the line of exertion, which data that might ofl'er a basis for a permanent rating that would be his rondition will permit only temporarily, then this grim adaptable to the average. It has been estimated by dtiferent authorities specter with blazing eyes is crouching ready to spring at the that the average value of the arrested sanatorium patient is about 50 'Vital organs of his existence. Add to this the wolf howling at per cent in the labor market. In other words, his productive capacity his door. No wonder these men have nightmares, no wonder 1s about half of what it was before he developed hls disability. their mental attitude is different from that of the ordinary sick man, because they are forever conscious of the fact that We naturally have to strike an average, and I am convinced at ·any time when they overreach the limits of strength and that 50 per cent is just and equitable. capacity of their impaired existence after this disease attacks Mr. LAZARO. Will the gentleman yield for a question? them, this reactivated condition must come about. Mr. BROWNING. I will. To show yotfl that these physicians are not alone in their Mr. LAZARO. I have listened to the gentleman with great attitude toward the permanent disability these men suffer, I interest, and I can say as one who has practiced medicine for call attention to the fact that the insurance companies of 19 years that I fully agree with everYthing he has said in con­ America treat an arrested tuberculosis patient as a substand­ nection with tuberculosis patients. Now, in connection with ard risk, and definitely so, and as Colonel Klotz points out in what the gentleman has just stated here, I will say there would one place, Mr. Picken, one of the insurance actuaries of Eng­ not be so much difference between those men because as a rule land, in discussing the insm·ability of arrested tuberculosis it is the patient who is beginning tuberculosis from ~hom they patients, says that while the expectancy of life for an ordinary get such good results. The advanced cases, as a rule, are not man of that age is '30 years, for the arrested tuberculosis arrested. There would not be much difference between those patient it is 14 years. Therefore, he is less than a 50 per cent men. I would like to ask the gentleman to bring out this fact · risk. It is very interesting to run down some of the scattering that aside from the interest that people should have in the ex: statistics which we have available to show how the insurance service man who e case has been arrested, the public is also companies of America consider these men. I find that Hunter interested in this man not becoming affected a second time and Rogers, the actuaries for the Equitable Life, in examining because then he would become a menace to his family and th~ 4,000 cases of arrested tuberculosis patients, insured by their community. company, found that of those patients whose last attack had Mr. BROWNING. That is true, and I thank the gentleman been within five years, and whose ages ranged from 15 to 39 for his contribution. Now, from the commercial standpoint to year , the death rate was 233 per cent ratio to that expected the Government. I believe it is estimated that it takes, in by the company's experience on standard risks, and by the round numbers, three years to bring a man to the quiescent or medico actuarial tables, it was 260 per cent. That table can arrested state; on the average. To hospitalize him during that be found jn the Mortality Study of Impaired Lives, 1922. length of time, as the last report of the Veterans' Bureau In 1920, in the eleventh district under the Veterans' Bureau, shows, the per capita co t for the tuberculosis man for the of those arrested tuberculosis patients placed an training, after fiscal year 1924 was $5.20. That is not counting the capi­ they had been arrested more than 30 per cent became reacti­ tal investment in the hospital and the major improvements. vated that year. This is comparatively light work always. In For the three years it would cost $5,694 to hospitalize that 1921 of all the cases that were discharged from the Veterans' man who has become reactivated, because the Govern­ Bureau hospitals in America as arrested, 31 per cent became ment did not give him the pittance to save him from this reactivated that year and reentered the hospitals. Under those ·exposure. During that length of time the average of $100 conditions, if the best medical authority of America points out a month, hospital pay, would be $3,600, making a total cost of the only way in which we can aid these men in maintaining $9,2!l4. At $50 a month that would pay him for fifteen and a their condition of arrest, then why not follow that course? half years, and if you save one man out of five from becoming The first consideration is the condition of the man himself and reactivated by giving him this allowance, you have saved the what is best for him. In discussing this question of discharging Government money. The director, a few days ago, in testifying men as arrested and stopping their pay, on page 325 of part 2, about what the cost would be to the Government by giving this hearings before our committee last session, I asked Doctor Dun­ man a permanent rating of 50 per cent, aid it would cost ham his opinion, and he answered as follows : $217,485 per year more than the present expenses of these tuberculosis patients. I asked him if he took into considera­ :Mr. BROWNING. Doctor, do you think from a medical standpoint it is tion the fact that the Government would be saved the expense a sensible thing, then, to reduce a man's comJ){'nsation to practically of hospitalizing these men that became reactivated, and he a nominal amount, just because his case is arrested? said he did not. And if the :figures I have just quoted are cor­ Doctor DUNHAM. I think it is a crime, sir. I think it is a perfect rect, and I think they are, to hospitalize 70 men for a year crime. would cost as much money as this cost would be, it is certain I am speaking, of course, of men who have been connected we would save more than that number. Do you not think, if with the service with their disability. The consensus of opinion the doctors tell us this is the best remedy we can get, give them is that 50 per cent of vermanent disabiUty will be reasonable. permanent pay, lighten the economic pressure, satisfy their ln. orne cases a man may not have been disabled to 50 per cent minds, keep them alive by not forcing them to be exposed and physically, but he certainly would be handicapped with that exert themselves-in other words, give them a slight chance-- 2650 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JANUARY 29

do you not think we are only doing belated justice by providing the foreboding of sorrow's return henceforth, and that they proper means for them to fight this predacious enemy of man- must watch the candle of life prematurely burn low wane, kind? and flicker. ' There is no outlay to the Government on this proposition. Mr. Chairman, I greatly thank the House for this privilege. In fact, it is going to save the Government money if we place [Applause.] this provision in the law; and if it is best for the man, if it Mr. WOOD. Mr. Chairman, about 15 minutes before my is best for the Go"Verninent itself, if we protect the public, if it time finally expires will the Chair call my attention to it? · gives the man a longer life and the privilege while living it to The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman under the rules is en~ have the comfort necessary for himself and his family, why titled to one hour. The Chair will call the gentleman's at~ should we hesitate to place any such proposition in the laws of tention to the fact when he has consumed 15 minutes iess than this Government? one hour. Mr. BLANTO~. Will the gentleman yield? . ~r. G~RNER of Texas. Mr. Chairman, the time is equally Mr. BROWNING. I will. dn'lded m the House, and the gentleman from Indiana [Mr. Mr. BLANTON. Take, for instance, the present situation: Woon] and the gentleman from Louisiana [Mr. SANDLIN] are A man who served in the trenches in France, was gassed, and each to control one hour. I did not know that the rules pro­ bas tuberculosis and has not been to a doctor until this present vided that each one personally should have an hour. day. The presumption is that it was not of service origin The CHAIRMAN. Under the rules of the House it is pro­ under the present law. "Why do we not wipe away that nega- vided that no man can speak more than an hour unless by tive presumption and make it an affirmative presumption in unanimus consent. If it is desired to speak longer, the unani~ their fayor, and not just let it run until the 1st of January, mous consent of the House must be obtained. 1925, but let it run on for several years yet? As to the man A.J."SWER TO REPRESENTATIVE FREAR ON WISCONSIN REPUBLICANS who sened abroad and now has tuberculosis, the presumption ought to be that it was of service origin. 'Vhy does not the Mr. WOOD. Mr. Chairman and gentlemen of the committee, gentleman think of that] before discussing the merits of thiB bill I desire, VfJIY briefly, l\lr. BROWNING. That is a debatable question. The medi- to answer some of the propositions advanced by the gentleman cal authorities have not all agreed that we were justified in from Wisconsin [Mr. li'REAR], ·and in answering what he has the last extension, but they could not give any reason why it submitted I do not wish to be understood as casting any re.tlec­ shonld not be done, and we just did it. 1'here is no presump- tion upon the personal character or the honest intention of a tion against him now, but the cbnclusiye presumption does not single man involved either in his discussion or in mine. But run after January 1, 1925. I believe I am in a position to know something of the trouble 1\Ir. BL.A.NTO~. Why not exte:ud it to the men who need that these gentlemen not only afforded the Republican Party the attention? · during the last campaign, but the perturbation of mind in Mr. BROWNING. I will say to the gentleman that there which they placed the voters of the United States. are many considerations justifying the gentleman's position. The gentleman from Wisconsin adverted to the fact that for But he is reaching the field of invalid pensions for World War more than a quarter of a century Wisconsin has stood by the men, and the Congress bas not yet embarked on ·that policy. principles of the Republican Party. In a measure he is cor- Mr. CROWTHER. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? rect; in a measure he is very greatly incorrect. I can remem· 1\Ir. BROWNING. Yes. ber a time when all the United States was wavering in the Mr. CROWTHER. In the original law the period was two balance politically and when uncertainty was-felt with refer~ years, was it not? ence to the result of the election everywhere else, there was Mr. BROW~'ING. Yes. no uncertainty in Wisconsin. It was as solid as the Rock of Mr. CROWTHER. I afterwards suggested that that be ex- Gibraltar in the Republican ranks. That was in the days of tended three years, and then the bill made it six years finally. Matt Carpenter and John C. Spooner. I remember the evidence giyen at the time was that it was The time came, however, when a new prophet entered Wis­ considered by the best medical authorities that five years would consin, who was not content with the existing order of things; be the proper limit. They made it six years. Have those six and if you will mark the progress of that State from its ad- years expired now? mission into the Union down to the time of its advent into Mr. BROWNING. They expired January 1, 1925. this new land of prophecy . you will find it was one of th~ Mr. BLA..NTO~. They will not even let hiill go .to a hospital. most progressive States in the Union. They had everything Mr. BROWNING. Oh, yes. He will have hospitalization. given them by the endowment of the Creator to make one ot All soldiers get that, regardless of disability, under the law as it the greatest States of the Union. But a new theory of political now is, with preference to those unable to pay. environment and enforcement was injected into its political Mr. SNELL. Every member of the foreign expeditionary being that seemed to find a majority for its support and in force will have hospitalization. consequence that State which had for those long years been Mr. BLANTON. But they do not pay him anything. one of the great Republican States of the Union began to Mr. S~"ELL. They do not pay him anything, but be has the diverge from Republican principles until finally it was no 1·igbt of hospitalization. longer a Republican State. Nor was it a Democratic State. Mr. BROWNING. Mr. Chairman, this is not an attempt to It was a one-man State. raid the Public TreasUI'y. It is a matter which appeals to me In the discussion that I am making here to-day and in the as being based on common sense and justice. It is no effort remarks I may make with reference to what the gentleman to favor one class as against another of disabled ex-service from Wisconsin has said, I mean to reflect nothing upon those men, because this disease, known as the white plague, is not who have followed Mr. LA FoLLETTE in his school of thought self-determinatiYe as most diseases are. It is an inflammatory except to express my regret. That State is still one of the scourge that thrives on the povex·ty of the victim, and has its great potential States of the Union, and whenever they get best chance to work havoc when be is forced to struggle in away from the vagaries to whicb they have submitted them.. a cruel world without assistance. We are only asking that selves, and from under the spell of this false leader, it will we be allowed to strike an ayerage of 50 per cent for these again be one of the great States of the Union. men. If it is done, this will be a great line of defense behind Now, in passing I want to say this: I believe that political which they can protect themselves from ravages far more parties are just as essPntial to the perpetuity of our Govern- . dreaded than the carnage of battle. ment as any other fundamental. J helieve that there is no My yisits to the tuberculosis hospitals the past year opened place in this country for more than two dominant political my eyes to the fact that no more desperate battle was eyer parties. I believe that they should be so strongly constituted fought by these men than the one they are now making. that whenever one goes very far wrong the other will check­ " Eternal vigilance" and patience indescribable constitute the mate it. [Applause.] essential elements of their fight. They are enduring this and From the beginning of this Government of ours down to more. They are hopeful beyond belief that they can win as this time, like cankerous growtlui on the human body or on they did in 1918. God sustain them in this effort. I for one the vegetable body, so-called independent political parties h:n·e am not willing that the hospital should be held out as their only appeared, and tben disappeared just as suddenly as they came. hope of financial help for them and their families. I want them It may be that in revolutionary times where there is necessity to be offered as a privilege and benefit to the men and not as for the overthrow of political parties, there ::;bonld be a reor.. a place of confinement before the Government will assist them. ganization. Such was true at the advent of the Republican I am not willing that they should be forced to lie with their Party. Such was true with the advent of the Democratic eyes on the clock or calendar to know when they must fight Party. It may be again. But under exiBting circumstances alone. The American people do not want it either. A failure there is no use for a La Follette party; there is no use for to grant this relief will be a decree by us that they must know I a socialistic party; because the Democratic and Republicall 1925 CONGRESBION AL RECORD-HOUSE 2651

.Parties -are now so constituted and so equally divided that FREAR], -appeared as a Republican delegate from the Sta-te of neither of them can go very far astray without the one Wisconsin. That entire convention was in accord, in so far as checkmating the other; and I believe that the salvation of this the adoption of a platform was concerned, with the exception country and its future success depends upon the progressive of Mr. CooPER and one or two other delegates. He presented a (!Onservatism of the Democ:ratic Party and the conservative minority report from the committee on resolutions ; was ten­ progressivism of the Republican Party. [Applause.] dered every courtesy that a well-ordered convention could ren­ Now, there is no room for a political party representing the der. He had his -day in eourt, and at the end o-f his p:fesentation thought of the gentleman from Wisconsin, who spoke this was overwhelmingly overruled. Had he been a Republican, morning. He was mistaken when in the last campaign he following the traditions of the Republican Party and the law of thought that the time was ripe to disrupt not only the Repub­ majority rule, he would have submitted to the will ot that coR­ lican Party but the Democratic Party, and over their r~mains vention ·; but ·he did not do it. He joined with his rebelllous build a new political party. The verdict of tlle people, which leader, who has never been content ,with the existing order of ls, after all, the balance of power and the best pred,iction of things, and followed him as one of -his abject supporters 1n his wha,t is best for th~ future, prevailed against the efforts of so-called "progressive candidacy" for President. So, while we these gentlemen, and they met the defeat they so righteously may admire all the sterling qualities of mind and heart that deserved. have been accredited to him, these are not sufficient to wipe out A year. ago to-day you gentlemen upon the Democratic side his breach of faith to ·the Republican Party. ,would ,not have,given 15 cents to have insured the election of a I wish to submit to the gentlemen upon both sides {)f the Democratic President and .a Democratic majority in Congress, aisl~ that if the fundamentals of this country are to be pre­ and I confess that I had some donbts in my own mind as to served we must tnind well and be critical of all those who what the result of the election would be, but after the catas­ would destroy it. Read the returns of this last election and they trophe that occilrred in New York at the Democratic con­ afford an argument stronger than I can make, stronger than vention ,there was not .much doubt as to wha,t would transpire anyone can make, as to why the American people returned­ .at the November election, .so far as the choice of a President Calvin Coolidge as President of the United States. Good man, was concerned. But there was much doubt for a long time -as he is, ever conservative, as ·he is, there was something be­ .after that, .and .until the election period had almost half yond all that which appealed to the people. It wa.s the at­ transpired, as to what the result would be in so far as the tempt of these gentlemen who are professing to ·be Republicans selection of a Co~C71'ess was .concerned. I remember coming at the destruction of the very foundation of this Government down here about five weeks before the election and with a .of ours. little bit of trepidation, yet with an .assurance founded on I have a very high regard for John W. Davis. I know him hope, I submitted to 'the President of the United States and to personally and have great respect not only for his integrity those who were interested ln the election of a Republican but for his .ability. I ·have a very high regard for the party Congress what I thought was a conse1:vati.ve ..figure concerning be represents, and if I were not a Republican i :would be a the next House of Representatives. I am frank and honest Democrat. But JI .want to .say to you gentlemen that his cam­ enough to confess that I was not quite .sure .about ,the figures paign w_as the most pitiable thing that was -ever presented by I gave at that time. The gentleman then representing the the ·Democratic Party. Why? Because you were depending Democratic Congression~.l Committee, for who,m I have the too much on a false prophet who you thought would 'be a ·help­ 1Ughest regard, .b~lieving l did not ,know what I ..was talking ful agency in elevating to power the Democratic Party through about, gave out an interview in which he said I was .using a rending in twain of the nepublican Party, but you found my hat -for a megaphone. I thi:m submitted the pxoposition you had been nursing ·a snake 1bat in the end stung you to that we would have a majo:dty of 10 o~er .all, not cotlnting death. The time may come, if this sort of political ·expediency· the so-called La Follette Republicans and those who had 1is .pursued, when you gentlemen upon •the Democratic side, con­ been affiliating with them. l remember that the gentleman servative as you always are and have been so far as the Consti­ who writes the editorials in tbe first column of the Eost .said, tution of the United .States is concerned, will unite with the after submitting ·the figures given .by the gentleman in charge ~onser.vatives upon this side in order to perpetuate the funda­ of the Democratic -

back at the beginning of this Congress, and when you gen~le­ and it was apparent that he should again reassert himself for men on the Democratic side were flirting with them, trymg the principles for which the Republican Party stands and ha~ your best to get t.P.eir support, you little knew of the agony they ever stood. [Applause.] were so soon to cause you. _ 1\fr. KING. Will the gentleman yield fttrther? Mr. KINCHELOE. Will the gentleman yield? Mr. WOOD. In a moment. And so I say now that for these Mr. WOOD. Yes. gentlemen I have a high regard; there ia no bitterness in :t;nY, Mr. KINCHELOE. The gentleman stated they could come heart against any of them individually, but when I look back back after due repentance or after due time for repentance. upon this past campaign, through which I spent many an Does the gentleman think there will be time enough between anxious hour trying to circumvent the operations of these now and your Republican caucus to let them in? gentlemen who were trying to defeat Republicans 1n various Mr. WOOD. So far as I am concerned, no; and I -will tell districts, among them some of the most reputable and valu.. you why. [Applause.] Under the present peculiar organiza­ able Members of this House, in order to supplant them witli tion, it appears that I am the only one who has authority to Democrats; to tell me that those gentlemen should come in call a meeting for the otganization of the next Congress on the here and sit down at the feast board and enjoy the results of Republican side. I have issued that call as chairman of the victory is ridiculous and beyond any justification. the National Republican Congressional Committee. Gentlemen Mr. KING. Will the gentleman yield further? will receive their notices I expect before night. and I have l\lr. WOOD. Yes. called it a caucus, not a conference, but in this list the so­ l\lr. KING. I simply asked the gentleman a question, whicll called La Follette Republicans will not appe.ar. [Applause.] he has failed yet to answer. Where does the gentleman get Mr. GARNER of Texas. I congratulate you. his authority to read anybody out of the Republican caucus­ 1\Ir. WOOD. And to the gentlemen from Wisconsin and by virtue of his office or elsewhere--where does it come from, one or two others, who are not incl\lded in this invitation, I in tf1e House or outside? . wish to say now that I hope the verdict of the peopl~ of the Mr. United States will convince them of the error of therr ways WOOD. I have no authority except that which is given me by a reasonable amount of common sense and judgment~ and that if contrite in heart they will come back to the fold [Laughter.] whet·e they should belong, then I will say, admit them. Oh, I tell you, that story of the Magdalene is a beautiful story. Mr. KING. I think in this case the gentleman has o1er.. [Laughter.] . rated the amount. Mr. ROMJUE. Will the gentleman yield for just one short l\Ir. SPEAKS. Will the gentleman yield? question? l\Ir. 'VOOD. I will. Mr. WOOD. Yes. l\Ir. SPEAKS. I want to inquire to what extent that sub• Mr. ROl\IJUE. I understand from the gentleman's dis­ lime principle enunciated in the story of the Magdalene is to course that these progressive fellows, so called, are read out apply here, or whether it is the intention to let him without until after the caucus. Does that also apply to the voters who sin cast the first stone? [Applause.] supported those fellows in the. recent campaign? Mr. 'VOOD. I expect that with the generally acknowledged Mr. WOOD. Every man's conscience is his own judge. disposition of the Republican Party to give those a chance to Those gentlemen must determine for themselves. We have no come within the fo~d that they would be ut least as generous jurisdiction over them. [Laughter and applause.] as they of old were with the Magdalene. 1\lr. ROMJUE. My inquiry is really serious. I want to Mr. HAWLEY. Let me say that the injunction as to casting know whether the leadership of the p&rty on- the other side the first stone has no connection in the Scripture with the inci .. puts the voters following the progressive group in the same dent of the Magdalene. category that those progressives are in. I want to know what Mr. WOOD. No; it has-nothing to do with it. their situation is. l\Ir. BLANTON. Will the gentleman yield? Mr. WOOD. I am not speaking for anybody but myself, but Mr. WOOD. I will. I do believe--and you Democrats ought to believe, . for there l\Ir. BLAN'l'ON. I want to ask the gentleman from Indiana is greater warning in the last election to you . than to an~body if it were not for the fact that you have 25 majority over and else in this world-the average voter of this country IS no above all defections, would not the gentleman be flirting with longer throttled by party ties. He respects party principles, these gentlemen instead of casting the first stone? and when you gentlemen give to the country a better set of Mr. WOOD. No; I would not. I want to say to you that if principles, appealing to their conscience so far as the good I bad had my way about it at the beginning of this Congress, conduct of this cotmtry is concerned, than we on the Repub­ instead of bending the knee to these gentlemen I would han~ lican side gi\'e them, you will succeed, and never until then, let you gentlemen take them over. nnd the voter is going to determine that for himself. Mr. BLANTON. Then the Republicans did bend the knee?­ Mr. KING. Will the gentleman yield? Mr. WOOD. Oh) you tried the best you could to get them; Mr. WOOD. :Les. but we seemed to have had the last bid and got them, to om~ Mr. KING. I would like to ask the gentleman from In­ lasting t•egret. [Laughter.] diana by what authority or where he gets his authority or by Now, gentlemen, with this little digression I want to present what deduction he comes to the conclusion that he has the as briefly as I can something that is of more interest to the right to refuse an invitation to any Republican Member of this country than what has been transpil'ing here in the last half House to the caucus? hour. Mr. WOOD. I have no right whatever to refuse an invita­ By the way, before I go into this I want to say to the gentle­ tion to any Republican Member of this Congress, but I have men of this House that I think one of the best dissertations the right to conclude who are Republicans by their acts and that has been made, within a recent period at least, upon tho not by their professions. duties of party loyalty and upon the essentials of party loyalty Mr. KING. Upon what basis does the gentleman make a and patriotic citizenship was delivered by the Senator ft·om distinction? Massachusetts, l\fr. ·BUTLER, in Boston the other night. I com· · Mr. WOOD. I will tell you upon what I base my decision. mend it not only to Republicans, but to the Democrats, be­ There are 12 gentlemen who are now Members of this House cause of the meat there is in it. It is going to be worth while who went out over this country advocating the election of Mr. for your consideration, and in order that you may see it I am LA FoLLETTE for President of the United States, and doing going to make it a part of my remarks, as follows: ·everything they could to defeat a Republican majority in this NATIOXAL PARTY ORGANIZATION, BY SENATOR WTLLIA.M :u, BUTLER, BOSTOX House. Do you say they are Republicans? Or that they 1 should be treated as Republicans in the organization of the MASS., JANUARY 21, 1925 next House? We have passed through the experiences of a national election. Our • Mr. KING. There are many Members sitting in this House thoughts have been alive to the great principles of Q{)vernment, and to-day who went out and supported a third-party movement we have been impressed as never before in recent years by the inesti­ in 1912; why are they invited to the caucus? mable value of party Government. The last campaign was an ex­ Mr. WOOD. I will tell the gentleman exactly. The gentle­ ample of the dangers of a prominent third party. We were forced to man this morning adverted to Colonel Roosevelt-and I was· consider, with no little concern, the different and disappointing con­ not with him in that movement either-! think if he could have ditions which would have arisen by reason of a result on election made a confession upon his death bed, he would have said that day which would have given to no party a majority of the electoral the great mistake of his life was in doing what he did at that votes. Such an outcome would have be&n a calamity. The people time in view of what happened to this country in consequence; would ha>e lost their opportunity to elect a President. And all this and I will tell you what he did. Instead of trying to butt in experience leads us to a consideration anew of the fundamentals of ~o the Republican organization he waited until the hour struck, ou1· political methods and practices and Qf the Government itself. 1925 CONGR.ESSION AL REOOR.D-HOUSE r2653

The greatest nationalizing influence which has made our Federal state. An essential characteristic of any sort of biparty government Is Gonrnment virile and enduring is the two party system. The two the fusion of political and party office. The President of the United great political parties are the sole agencies for formulating national States is an officer in bis par·ty by virtue of the executive office to policies and carrying them into effect. Moreover, they are the two which he has been elected. In accepting the nomination he consents great agencies which bring into one organization, and under a common to become the leader and, to a considerable extent, the chie!f spokesman leadership the diverse elements of the country. of his party. Having secured the election, he not only ~foes not lay .An eminent writer on this subject says: down his party office but he bears increased party responsit.ility . " The party unquestionably functions as a nationalizing agency o! "But the Chief Magistrate of our country is a servant of the whole great importance. In the early period of our history, the national people! Yes. The President can serve the entire country only by party system aided materially in the formation of bonds of contact, faithfulness in the fulfillment of all i·easonable party pledgef!, by a dill~ sympathy and. eventually tradition. The Federalists, the J effersoJi­ gence in the discovery of the policies which his party ought to adopt, ians, and later the Whigs and the Democrats, were national parties and, most of all, by his skill and effectiveness in persuading his party when the nature of the Union was a subject of serious controversy. to assume and advance the enlightened views which his position as Even those who defended the rights of the States most insistently, leader has enabled him to form. Probably no public Jrutn was ever more were obliged to make a national appeal for the election of a party 1 opposed to party government than was George Washington, yet Wash­ President and a party Congress to carry out their ideas. The parties ington's sense of duty to the whole country led him t~ consent to hold used the language of nationalism, and their problems and leaders the position of leadership in the Federal Party. made· their appeals to the entire nation rather than to any section "As with the President, so with the Members of the Congress. They exclusively. • • • The party convention, the party caucus and are all party leaders. In accepting a party nomination they assume conference, the great party demonstrations brought together men leadership in district or State; and, what is more important still, every of all sections on occasions that were essentially nationalistic in their Congressman who accepts a party nomination becomes responsible to character. It is a notable fact that the last bond to snap in the the entire country for the fulfillment of certain party pledges.'• days before the Civil War was the party tie. This author enumerates a multiplicity of social, racial, and eco4 " Since the Civil War and the beginning of the more recent tide of nomic interests which divide the people, naturally. He sets forth the immigration the parties have aided in the nationalization of the newly lack of acquaintance between yarious classes with consequent .lack acquired citizens of the Republic. They have assisted nationalization of understanding a.nd sympathy and proceeds in his analysis, stating: of the immigrant, and encouraged them to affiliate with the political " The peeullar motion of the biparty system has been to harmonize parties. Teuton and Celt, Latin and Slav, have been welcomed into all these discordant polltical elements in the body politic. In Eng­ the party, have attended the meetings, served upon party committees, land tbe rival forces in government, the Crown, the Lords, the Com· marched in the party parades, acted as party candidates, functioned mons, and the democracy, have been brought into harmonious working as party leaders. Party allegiance has been one of the easiest to relations by means of the party system of government, and in America acquire in the new country. There was no barrier, economic or social a vast and varied area of local institutions and prejudices which or reHgious, to prevent their membership. In no other organization threatened to divide the people and preclude the formation of a unite or association, save that of labor, was the mingling of people so com­ nation have been coordinated. '!'he party system has undoubtedly been mon and so easy as in the political party." most effective and most obvious of the influences which have worked The two-party system of government has played an important part to overcome the effect of these divisive forces. 'Ihe use of party sys­ in holding the Union. together. Under our Federal Constitution there tem for the election of a President has clearly sernd to draw together was purposely left a wide chasm between the State and Federal Gov­ the people of the whole country and to promote harmony of feeling ernments. Particular pains were taken by the framers of the Con­ and action, and like results have attended the application of party stitution to see to· it that the Federal Government. did not encroach machinery to the governmental business of the States and to the upon the functions o! the States, or the States usurp the functions of political local divisions." the Federal Government. Under our form of government each State Unless I have misread the signs of the times we have now open is a poliUcal entity. Due to the diverse character of those who pio­ to us an opportunity not only to increase the strength and influence neered and settled the various sections of our country, the inhabitants of our party throughout the Nation but also to secure from citizens of some States had but little ln common with those of other States. in general a greater participation than ever in political activities, As the Nation grew in territory this dissimilarity was accentuated. an opportunity not only to increase the total of our votes but to The party system which has been with us since the establishment of keep the confidence and support of those who have aided in the great our Government was the one bond of unity which held the various result of November· 4. sections, the various States, and the various interests of our country together. The great political parties played an incalculable part in The way has been opened by reason of the character of the issues harmonizing these differences, in furnishing opportunity for inter­ raised and the methods pursued in the recently closed national cam­ change of ideas, and for emphasizing and cementing common pur­ paign and election. '!'he totals of votes cast for the different c:lDdi­ dates indicate the possibilities. poses. The work of unity performed by our two-party system of govern­ . '!'here are millions of voters to-day, and I am speaking advisedly, ment is exemplified in another direction. It unifies the machinery of who have no fixed political home an(} recognize no party control our Federal Government itself. The framers of the Constitution, Aroused by their experiences in the cmppaign to a realization that fearing autocracy on the one hand and the unregulated rule of the light political thinking is as important as right llving, they are stand­ people on the other, provided a system of checks and balances in the ing at the political crossroad . Federal Government which made the legislative, executive, and judi­ Overnight they have been awakened to the great underlying signifl· cial branches completely independent of each other. It has been cance of political manifestations, which in the past they had 1·egarded largely due to our system of party government that the legislative and as being of minor or no importance. executive branches have been not only able but willing to work to­ Inclined to the belief, com·mon even within our own party, that gether harmoniously. This is because the electorate has sought to campaigns and elections are primarily the creations of politicians, secure executive and legislative branches of the same complexion po­ who conduct them chiefly for their o.wn advancement, and· that political litically. They were able to bring about this harmony through the platforms are interesting merely as graceful arrangements of meaning­ party system. One can readily imagine the antagonism and chaos less phrases, they have been suddenly brought to a realization that which might e.asily ensue in the conduct of our Federal Government if these happenings are of vital importance, not only to the life of our it were not for this harmonizing fact and the recognition of its value Nation but even their own personal fortunes. by an intelligent citizenship. Fixed in the belief that the foundation stones of our liberties were This brings us again to the realization of the need and value of party so deep that they could not be disturbed, much less destroyed, theil' solidarity and party responsibility in the conduct of public affairs. reaction when they saw plans being laid, not only for the uprooting Where the executive and the legislative control is in the hands of ad­ of the foundations but the destruction of the entire structure, we can herents of the same political .party, we have complete party responsi­ now appreciate. bility. But where the legislative branch is dominated by one party With affiliations nominal rather than actual with parties which and the executive by another, we have no one party responsible for the stood indifferently by, they turned to our standards and severed old conduct of the Government. Under these conditions, despite the fact party ties by voting direct for Calvin Coolidge. 'l'hese are the people they fully comply with the provisions of the Federal Constitution, there who I believe can be bronght into formal affiliation with us. Rut we is always a lack of progress in public affairs and most frequently retro­ can not ignore the fact their votes In the main were cast for Coolldgo gression. In other words, our system of party government is essentially the man rather than for Coolidge the Republican. We m·ust prove to a supplement to the Federal Constitution if we are to have responsible . them that our party is worthy of the President and that the President and effective government. is typically a product of our party. Again, it is said by the author I have before quoted: The campaign gave us not only converts, but lt quickened and " Our system illustrates the principle found in every form of biparty strengthened the respect and confidence in Republican principles among governrr,ent. Machinery is reduced to a minimum. The party is seen a great number of our own people who were Republicans in thoo;tt to ~onrn, because its members .are both party office1·s and officers of rather than deed. 26521 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD---HOUSE JANUARY 29

We are all fa.mlUar with voters of thia type-persons who rather The-people look to 11s and ex~ct us at all times- to make certain scoff at; campaigns as an unfortunate by-product of our Governmental as to the economic soundness of such projects as . we propose, such existence and who secretly nourish, if they do not openly proclaim, movements as we indorse, but for our part we must remember there a sentiment that there is -something unholy, unclean, in politieal can­ are certain moral issues which ean never be determined through a vasses. Their obligations of citizenship, they believe, are paid in full cash reg~ter. - by their quadrennial appearance at the polls, and many fall to pay even We have already bef9re us certain movements ot such magnituelie>e we have an opportunity to attach permanently to our 13tand­ reasonable harmony with one another. . ard the great body of men and women who, while they have voted I The people want it. After years of political experimentation with for Calvin Cooliuge, are yet in doubt as to their future politi<;al blocs and factions, ,which, for -all of the good intentions of the pro- affiliations, and to fortify the confidence and enthusiasm of the past moters or participants, have only worked to increase tbe general con­ time indifferent members of our own party, so they will become tusion and delay the application of N>al re-medies, the people are in­ aggressive coworkers and militant party associates. clined to a , sober and saner line of thinking. I know from ..interviews It can be done. But we must develop a program so broad and and conferences with men of all parts of the country there is a gen­ effective that thfY will naturally turn to us. eral disposition to .support a unified Republican organization. They I have no delusions that this is an undertaking which can be ~ppt·eciate that the .bouse liivided a_ga~st itself must fall, and this accomplished overnight or which will be free of sacrifices, important applies to political organizations. persDnaily, perhaps, but trivial ln reality; but it will ,be worth whi.le. .All our efforts-and I am speaking plainly-wUl come to naught To be succe~ful nationally we must be ready for house cleaning unless we su~~d in developing, -not only among the rank ~nd ilJe at home, each in his own section, and show courage and wisdom but among the leitde~·s and .our duly elected officials, an .appreciation abroad. We muRt acquire the power to view all issues and problems of the necessity of party }oyalty. No prQgress· can be made without a from a nation-wide standpoint. We must develop a sympathetic program, and no progress ca.n .be·made effective without loyalty. understanding M the problems of our citizens in all sections and a In Washington a man is either with a party or ,agaiiJ.Stit. There is willingness to cooperate. no miing loyalty to the principles of the In recognition of this. situation, and not becauae of any feeling of per­ party and an ambition to serve and a generous submission to dis- sonal bias, that certain geutlem~ were ~ately stricken from the Re­ cipline. publican rolls. One of the important readjustments must be a more general under- Discipline and the power to discipline are as 11ecessary .tor a pol'tical standjng thn t after all we are only members, not the owners, of the organization ;ts for a labor unlo.n or a legislative body. We all lmo-\V Republican Party. there has been a weakening in recent years in this direction. I believe We must {'mpbasize that we offer membership in a going and grow­ it must be restored, bused on the simple thought that the majority ing concern; ·that we invite comparison with other parties and await must rule. the verdict with· confidence; that we know neither class nor creed nor I have no 1hought of a system of disci-pline which .seeks to encroach nationality. on the rights of any man or woman to aspire or stand for atnce . or to That we stand for equal opportunities for all and will ·fight those limit their rights to propose or advance legislative or party programs. who. seek to destroy that right. But a man who is ~lected to office on a Republican platform must That membership in the party and the party councils is free to aJl stand on that platform. , If be does not like the platform, .he is justified who pledge their willingness to- uphold the ideals for which we stand. and entitled to seek to make .any correction or amendments which he That the open door is an actuality and not a mere figure of speech. desires, but once the majority of the party formally rejects his sug­ Holding steadfastly to the principles which Abraham Lin

I. 1925 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE

We have in recent years changed the form of our party machinery But though our hills are high, and our valleys run deeply, we have for the selection of candidates for public office. We have very gen­ never lost our vision of the great world outside or_ an appreciation erally substituted the primary for the representative convention. We of our. responsibilities in and to that great. world. have substituted the primary for the legislative election of United No crop garnered has ever been so scant that we have felt justified States Senntors. This change has brought about its problems. The in ignoring the call for those in distress, no matter in what part ot old convention system of nominations fixed the responsibility upon the the world they were located. party and exerted a definite party influence upon the candidate. He It has been our. privilege in New England, one for which we ha;e realized his accountability to his party, and he knew definitely where fOught and suffered at times,- to cherish the great ideals which have his loyalty and allegiance belonged. given an impetus to the Nation. I The primary system has given an opportunity for cunning men to The sea at our door, the hard-soiled hills have bred in us a sensa use the party label in the primary, and thereby attract to their sup­ of Initiative without which no people nor country can progress. The port the loyal members of the party. And it has enabled such men to very character of our life, the district school, the town meeting have gain a party nomination and, wHh the support of the party, an elec­ educated us, not only to an appreciation of the necessity of fak play, tion to important office, and in some instances only to repudiate the but also that each and every one of us is entitled to a fair start in the . platform of the party and the nominees of the national convention. race of life, and that equality of opportunity is a precious possession. Such conduct is reprehensible. It is obtaining office by · false pretense. To us has been given the privilege of seeing at first hand these And such practices should be condemned not only by the party organi­ gifts blossom to fruition ·in the person of the President, not by virtue zation but by the people whose confidence has been betrayed. of sacrifices which we have made, but through a long line of sacri· But whatever the machinery-in order to preserve party govern­ fices made from the first settlement of the State. ment, which is so indispen able to efficient administration-men and And it is because in our President, we see a recognition of those women in their party affiliations lllust be ho_nest to the party and must .fundamentals of character, our applause will be a little louder and be loyal •. deeper on inauguration day.

March 4 will be a red-letter day for an of us in a striking sense. It will rise1 not merely in recognition of the fact that your neighbot · When on March 4 Calvin Coolidge will take the oath he will be fol­ and my neighbor, and our neighbor whom we have known familiarly lowing the leadership set just 100 years ago, for it was on March 4, has been elevated to a high estate, but rather because of our general 1825, that John Quincy Adams, of Massachusetts, took the oath of realization that in so elevating Calvin Coolidge, the people of the office as President. Nation have given recognition to that something which is a heritage There is always, ss now, great interest in the inauguration cere­ of all of us, which is a part of all of us-the New England spirit. j monies. Although we have at times given away to elaborate plans and I~DEPENDEXT OFFICES BILL, 1926 programs, we ba>e more often followed the example of simplicity set by the fathers. It is interesting- to note the events of the inaugura­ In presenting the independent offices' appropriation bill for tion of 100 years ago. the fiscal year 1926, I shall endeavor to explain some of the John Quincy Adams records in his diary that after two sleepless more important features of the bill, taking up first the appro­ nights be was ready for his inauguration March 4, 1825, anll was priations and Budget estimates. waited on by the marshal of the District of Columbia, with other mem­ The total appropriations for the independent offices provided bers of local committees, to arrange for the ceremony at the Capitol. for in this bill for the fiscal year 1925 amounted to $533 • Escorted by a small detachment of. local militia, he drove in his own 424,147.46. This sum includes the total of the appropriation's carriage to the Capitol, followed by President Monroe and other offi­ carried in the act to adjust th~ compensation of the field forces, cials. The inaugural ceremony was in the Hall of the House of Repre­ amounting to $1,370,180; the sum of $126,900 transferred from sentatives (now Statuary Hall), where "Vice President John C. Cal­ the Treasury Department to the Superintendent of the State, houn, who had already Ul.ken the oath of office, was presiding. War, and N'avy Department Buildings for care of buildings; The oath of office was administered by the Chief Justice; the new and $133,150,327.30 carried --in the deficiency act approved De­ President delivered his inaugural address, and was then escorted back cember 5, 192-!, the greater portion of which was necessary to his own home, 1333 F Sti.·eet NW., because Mrs. Monroe was ill because of the World War adjusted compensation act of ~lay at the White Rouse, and President Adams insisted that she should not 19, 1924. The total of the estimates for regular annual appro­ be removed untU fully recovered. He had his dinner at his own home, priations submitted for consideration in connection with this and then called to bid farewell to President Monroe in company with bill is $450,314,295. In several instances the committee was of other citizens. the opinion that the estimates for the efficient conduct of the At the inauguration, local papers said the President was dressed in busine s of the Government establishments was too low and a black all-wool suit of clothes of domestic manufactm·e ; the cloth recommends appropriations in. excess of the Budget estimates, malle in Massachusetts. which I shall explain more in detail in connection with the I have no hesitancy in predicting that the satisfaction over Calvin bureau or office to which they relate. The amount recom­ Coolidge, of Northampton, when on March 4 be takes the office as Presi­ mended to be appropriated in this bill is . $452,349,617. This dent of these United States, will know no partisan bounds or barriers. sum, compar~d with the regular annual appropriations fo~ It will be nation-wide, and without distinction as to race or creed or· 1925 and the estimates for 1926, is as follows: politJcal affiliations. It is $8l,OH,G30.46 less than the total of the 1925 appro­ And if here in New England the tide of rejoicing will run a little priations, ·and it is $2,035,322 more than the amount requested higher, a little broader, a little deeper, than in other portions of our in the Budget estimates for 1926. Nation, there will be none to say us nay, for all will understand that SALAIUES UXDER THE CLASSIFICATIO~ .ACT we are celebrating, not merely a political victory, but something finer The restrictive provision carried in the appropriation bilL9 and greater, a victory of the ideals which are inbred in all of us. already consid-ered by tile House relating to expenditures for New England from the very beginning has been a great reservoir of personal services in the District of Columbia in accordance vitality, of life, of thought, and of spiritual impulse. From our shores with the classification act of 1923 is recommended in this bill and from our hills, for 300 years, a great migr·ation has been constantly as section 2. It is essentially the same as tl1e limitation car­ making its way into the virgin counh·y of the West. ried in the appropriation acts for the current year restricting While perhaps some of our New England children and great grand­ the average of all salaries paid under any grade under the children who have been thus transplanted have outg1·own our sober classification act of 1923 to the average of the compensation town meeting methods and the re pect for selectmen which is a part rates for the grade, modified so that the limitation shall apply of the inheritance of all of us, they still feel the bonds of kinship. specifically to those grades in which only one position is Their inclination is to _think as we do. They have notwithstanding allocated, and permits an employee to pass from one grade to all our temporary disagreements a considerable understanding and, a higher grade without suffering a reduction in compensatio~ it may be said, admiration of our temperament. Therefore, I know because of such advance. they will be tolerant of our joy, New Iilngland can not be described or defined by geographic phrases. EXECUTI>E OFFICE Statistical tables, no matter how carefully arranged, setting forth Only one change of importance is recommended in thic;; bill with exactness the area of land and water and the location of hills, relating to the Executive Office. Heretofore several small ap­ plains, rivers, and lakes, do not meet the requirements. propriations have been made for the care and repair of the New England typifies first of all to the wodd an ideal and the Executive Mansion and grounds, which for the current fiscal persistence of an ideal, one which is personified in the person of the ·year amounted to $112,760. In lieu of the several separate President whom we honor. appropriations we recommend in this bill the following para­ New England means probity of character, honesty in mental as well graph: as physical demonstrations. For the care, maintenance, repair, refurnishing, impro\e­ It signifies thrift without penury, generosity without wastefulness, ment, heating, anu lighting, including electric power and fix. firmness without obstinacy, dignity without ostentation, ana service tnres, of the Executive Mansion, the Executive Mansion green· Without servility. houses, including reconstruction, and the Executive Mansion 2656 CONGRESSIONAL -RECORD--HOUSE JANUARY 29

grounds, to be expended by contract or otherwise as the Presi­ Mr. WOOD. Yes. That is their proposal. dent may determine, $110,000. Mr. BYRNS of Tennessee. .And the committee lim.its it in By this consolidation a reduction of $2,760 in the appropria- this bill to that amount? tion has been made possible. Mr. WOOD. Yes. We did that for this reason: That pro­ ALmX PROPERTY CUSTODIA..'i posal was arrived at after some consideration by the commis­ sion, of which General Pershing is chairman. After they went I wish to call particular attention to the office of the Allen abroad and came back and consulted some one who is supposed Property Custodian. Under the Winslow Act,· which provided to know something about this business ; but the gentleman for the return of property not exceeding $10,000 in value, there knows how these things keep growing unless a limitation is had beeu returned as of November 1, 1924, property aggreg-ating placed upon them, and we thought it :wise to place a limitation $26,000,000, of which $10,000,000 was paid out during the past upon this project. year. '!'here is, however, now held in trust by the Alien Prop­ I next direct attention to the Board of Tax Appeals. erty Custodian property valued at approximately $300,000,000, and in my opinion the time is not far distant when final dis­ BOARD OF TAX APPEALS position of this property should be made. The revenue act of 1924 created the Board of Tax Appeals as Since adopting the Dawes plan, whereby there ls a scheme an independent establishment of the Government. For the cur­ to settle all controversial questions between Germany and the rent fiscal year this board is operating on an allotment of United States, there is no reason for the continuance of the $500,000 made from appropriations for the Bureau of Internal office of Allen Property Custodian. The committee having Revenue. The boa1·d was organized on July 16 1924 and be­ jurisdiction of the proper legislation ought to see to it that at cause it is such a new organization it is difficuit to determine the beginning of the next Congress, or as soon thereafter as what its actual needs will be. However, the appropriation of may be, there should be something done for the winding up of $354,320. recommen~ed in this bill is believed to be ample for this activity. It will result in the saving of hundreds of thou­ the effic1ent operation of this organization. The board has no sands of dollars to the United States. We are getting nothing jurisdiction over refund cases, but considers deficiency cases out of it and incurring responsibillty all the time we are en­ only. The jurisdiction of the board was fixed in the revenue gaged in it. act, and the fundamental fact determining the jurisdiction of AN:lliRICAN BATTLE MONUME~TS COM~IISSION ~e boa.rd is the determination of a deficiency by the Commis­ 'l'his bill provides for the reappropriation ·of unexpended siOner of Internal Revenue. If the commissioner finds a de­ fi<;ie~cy in the tax, the act provides that the taxpayer may balances of appropriations heretofore made for the American w1thm 60 days from the date of the mailing of the letter fixing Battle Monuments Commission, approximating $575,000. A. the (!eficiency take an appeal to the Board of Tax Appeals. year ago it was proposed to erect monuments and markers to The act also provides that the board shall make findings of perpetuate ·the battle operations of the American Expedition­ fact in all cases, and if an opinion is necessary the opinion is ary Forces in Europe, at an estimated cost of approximately written. .An opinion is required in all cases involving over $550,000. However, during the past summer the commission $~0,000 and in such other cases as the board may determine. visited the battle fields and cemeteries of France, and are now Smce its creation and by the 1st of December the board had ()f the opinion that the original plan should be abandoned, and docketed 868 appeals, of which there had been decided dis­ propose in lieu thereof to erect commemorative memorials to missed, or under consideration on December 1 approxi.n{ately the Expeditionary Forces, erect naval memorials, and beautify 200 cases, and it is estimated that by January 1 of this year the cemeteries. The total estimated cost for construction work this number will have increased to 400 cases. under the new project is $3,000,000, divided as •follows: For Mr. KING. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield there the erection of chapels and the construction of walls about the for an interrogatory with reference to the Fine Arts Commis­ eight cemeteries abroad, $1,200,000. For the erection of naval sion? memorials it is proposed to expend $300,000, and the cost of Mr. WOOD: I have not yet reached the Fine Arts Commis­ commemorative monuments is estimated at $1,500,000. How­ sion. ever, as the act creating the American Battle Monuments Com­ Mr. KING. I have long regarded that as one of the greatest mission places no limitation upon the Ultimate cost of any incubus institutions we have in the District of Columbii. complete plan, it is recommended in this bill that no part of Mr. WOOD. I shall call attention to it when we come to it. the appropriations available shall be expended on a program of Mr. GARNER of Texas. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman construction work under the act of 'March 4, 1923, the complete yield? · cost of which shall exceed $3,000,000. I confess that your committee was somewhat disappointed 1\Ir. WOOD. Yes. when we learned that the original plan, which only contem­ Mr. GARNER of Texas. Before the gentleman leaves the plated an expenditure of $550,000, had been done away with subject of the Board of Tax Appeals, the gentleman calls atten­ and another plan adopted that would cost $3,000,000. But tion to the fact that the board has no jurisdiction of refund there 1s a pretty good answer to that. At the time the original cases? Did the gentleman's subcommittee form any opinion as plan was adopted it was proposed to erect tablets hither and to the advisability of giving this board additional jurisdiction yon where the battles were fought and where our expeditionary in refund cases? forces had participated. But when the commission went over Mr. WOOD. We could not do that. there and found these fields had been converted into farming Mr. GARNER of Texas. I know the gentleman's committee lands and that it would necessitate the purchase of the ground could not; but did the gentleman from Indiana ['Mr. Woon] and that that would be inexpedient, we felt they were right himself form any opinion as to the advisability of giving this in their judgment, but we have submitted a recommendation board additional duties in determining the question of refund that no plan for the erection of these memorials shall be cases? adopted that shall in any event exceed an expenditure of :Mr. WOOD. I wa-s much surprised when I found out they $3' 000,000. did not have that jurisdiction. 1\Ir. BYRNS of Tennessee. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman Mr. GARNER of Texas. And I am sm·prised to have the ~cld? . gentleman say that they have not. I do not recall the discus­ Mr. WOOD. Yes. sion of the provision with reference to that feature, but it was Mr. BYRNS of Tennessee. I understand the original idea my impression, as a member of the committee that helped to was $550,000? frame that law, that they had entire jurisdiction of questions Mr. WOOD. Yes. of dispute between the taxpayer and the Treasury Department. llr. BYRNS of Tennessee. And it is now increased to Mr. SANDLIN. Mr. Chairman, will. the gentleman yield? $3,000,000? Mr. WOOD. Yes. Mr. WOOD. Yes. Mr. SANDLIN. We mentioned that to the gentlemen who Mr. BYRNS of Tennessee. The extra money is not repre­ appeared before the committee, coming from the Board of Tax sented by the replacing of these tablets with monuments? Appeals. It was said they thought very likely that the offi­ Mr. WOOD. No; they have abandoned the placing of mark­ cials in the bureau of tbe Treasury would follow to a great ers entirely, but they do expect to build a certain number of . extent the rulings of the Board of Tax Appeals. In other chapels in the eigbt cemeteries abroad. Other countries have words, they would accept their interpretation of the law. built these chape-ls, where people who are visiting these battle .Mr. · GARNER of Texas. I am glad to hear that; but this grounds and cemeteries may rest and where they may bold propmd.tion cornes up at this time, and there are being refnnded, whatever ceremony tlley think appropriate. I believe, about a hundred million doL.ars a year. That repre­ 1\lr. BYRNS of Tennessee. Do I understand the gentleman sents quite a controversy as between the Treasury and the tax­ to say that the present plan provides for $3,000,000 and that payer , and it occurs to me it would be better to ha'\'e this that completes it? · board pass on all those cases where there is a difference of 1925 CONGRESSIONAL REC-ORD-HOUSE 2657.: opinion as between the Treasury and the taxpayer. I am glad the attention of the Members to the splendid results being the O"entleman has called attention to lt, because if the Commit­ obtained in rehabilitation work and cite the State of Illinois tee ;n Ways and Means undertakes to rewrite the law at the foT an example-. The average age of 319 persons rehabilitated next session of Congress, as I understand it ls contemplated and placed in remunerative employment was 33 years. The they will do, this information will be of some value to us. average cost per capita for rehabilitation was $380. The aver­ l\fr. BYRNS of Tennessee. May I ask thls question: Do I age yearly earning of these persons was $726 before susta~ understand that the taxpayer who files his claim for refund ing injury and $418 while in a disabled condition. .After reha· and has it adjudicated by the commissioner has no right of bilitation, however, the average yearly income had increased appeal to the board? to $1,.292, o~ a~ increase o! $874 per year over the earning Ur. WOOD. He has not. ~pac1ty while m the handicapped condition. At the present Mr. GARNER of Texas. That is the statement of the gentle­ time there are only 36 States cooperating in this work. man from Indiana. And in passing I wi h to say that the comparison between Mr. BYRNS of Tennessee. I may be individually in error, the rehabilitation work made by this Vocational Board as but my recollection is that the acting commissioner stated conh-asted with that made by the Vocational Rehabilitation sometime ago that that was one thing that was holding up Veterans' Bureau, shows a net saving to the Government of $9 the whole proposition. out of every $10. Mr. WOOD. I call the attention of the gentleman from Mr. STENGLE. Will the gentleman yield there? Tennessee to what occurred in the hearings. Mr. SANDLIN Mr. WOOD. Yes; I will. asked the gentleman who appeared before the committee, from Mr. STENGLE. The gQntleman did not intentionally skip the Board of Tax Appeals'- over two of these bureaus or departments in referring imme­ You hav-e no jurisdiction o! refund cases, I believe? diately to the Federal board. I noticed in the bill the gentle­ man skipped over the Bureau of Efficiency and the Civil Senr­ And that gentleman replied : ice Commission. No, sir. We decided Vf~ry early that we bad none. Mr. WOOD. No; all the bureaus and commission will be considered in their proper order under the five-minute rule. Then he went on to expatiate. To my mind it is one or Next I want to call attention to the Federal Trade Com­ should be one of the most important functions of this appeal mission. board, for the reason that there are millions and millions of FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION dollars down here in the Treasury Department that ought to be refunded to the taxpayers of the country, and the.y are The appropriation of $940,000 recommended in this bill for delayed in getting it by J;his reason and that reason, Without general expenses of the Federal Trade Commission is the first any final board to whom they can appeal. important increase your committee recommends over the esti­ Mr. BYRNES of South Carolina. Mr. Chairman, will the mate submitted in the Budget. After careful examination it gentleman yield? was developed during the hearings that on December 1 1!.>24: Mr. WOOD. Yes. . there were pending 568 applications for the issuance of com: Mr. BYRNES of South Carolina. The gentleman will re­ plaints; that is, 568 cases under investigation in which there call that the representatives of the board who appeared be­ was shown some prima facie violation of law. In addition fore us stated that on the floor of the House there was added there were 271 formal complaints pending, Case" are disposed a provision that would have given them jurisdictio~, but that of at the rate of approximately 30 or 35 per month, but new it was rejected by the Senate. cases accumulate at about the same rate, so that a reduction in the appropriation would considerably reduce the possibility Mr. WOOD. Yes. . 1\lr. BYRNES of South Carolina. And that in rejecting it of disposing of these cases. Therefore, in order that the work the Senate feared it would put too much wo:rk upon the board of the commission might proceed with the same organization and that that is the only reason he knew why it was rejected. as for the current year, the committee restored the appropria­ Mr. GARNER of Texas. Let me suggest, in this connec­ tion to the amount available for the present fiscal year. tion that my information is from a member of the board, A new limitation is recommended by the committee on this and' they can only take jurisdiction of cases when the com­ appropriation, which provides that no part of the appropriation mission has acted ; that at the present time the commissioner shall be expended for investigations requested by either House of Congre_s except those requested by concurr~t resolution of and his office are very much behind in the question of deter­ Congress, but this limitation shall not apply to investigations mining whether any taxes are due, and we were informed :at and reports in connection with alleged violations of the antitrust the last session of Congress that the office of the com­ acts by any corporation. The act of September 26, 1914, pro­ sioner would be current in the next 12 or 14 months1 but it vides that upon the direction of the President .or either House seems from the information I have that the office is very of Congress, the Federal Trade Commission shall have power much behind in reference to the determination of how much to investigate and report the facts relating to any alleged the taxpayers, according to the commissioner's office,. may \iolations of the antitrust acts by any corporation. The owe the Government. restrictive provisions recommended by the committee specifi­ Mr. WOOD. That is correct, and I think the Ways and cally excludes this class of investigation, and does not deprive Means Committee should take cognizance of this condition either House of Congress of any right heretofore enjoyed under of affairs. And as the chairman of the board has said, they that act. However, a year ago attention was called to the have already determined they have not the jurisdiction over fact that the Federal Trade Commission has been requested the e refund cases, and there should be some constructive by simple resolution of either House to investigate matters legislation to remedy this situation. which did not relate to violations of the antitrust acts and Mr. BYRNS of Tennessee. If the gentleman will yield, is which under the law the commission was not directed to it not true the c-ommissioner's bureau says they are from 12 undertake. Investigations of this character frequently re­ to 18 months behind on account of the provisions of the 1924 quire the expenditure of considerable sums granted for the act which extended the time? regularly prescribed work of the co-mmission. 1\Ir. GARNER of Texas. That was at the request- of the In proposing this restrictive provision the committee does department itself, but at the time they made the request they not recommend that Congress be precluded from requesting in­ expressed the hope that within 12 or 14 months the wo.rk vestigations of a character which the commission is not spe­ of the office would be current. But now the information is cifically authorized by law to undertake upon resolution of they will still be far behind, which I can not understand. either House. The purpose of the new language is to require I think the commissioner's office ought to help and if this concm-rent action of the two Houses to request the commission matter is considered at the next session of Congress they to make any investigation other than one involving alleged should give some reason why they are continuously behind violations of the antitrust acts. Certainly if the proposed in­ with this work. vestigation is of sufficient importance, both Houses, which ap­ :Mr. WOOD. Now, if I may proceed. proved of the funds for the regular work of the commission, FEDERAL BOARD FOR \OCATIONAL EDUCATION should be called upon to determine whether the necessary funds should be diverted to the proposed investigation. The act of March 10, 1924, extended the provisions of the I desire to say in passing that it strikes me this ought to vocational education and vocational .rehabilitation acts to the appeal to every Member of this Honse. There is nothing in Territory of Hawaii, and appropriations aggregating $35,000 this restriction that will prevent the Trade Commission from for these purposes are recommended in this bilL complying with all the original provisions of· the act, but there Appropriations for continuing vocational rehabilitation of has been arr abuse of it, I am happy to ' say not frequently persons disabled in industry and for administration of. the resorted to by this Ho11se, but frequently resorted to in tha act are carried in this bill. In this· connection, I wish to invite. other House when. there are not more-than. three- men present. 2658 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE· g-ANUARY 29;

One man, for the purpose of getting up some facts for him­ There are about 1,300 girls down there at this time, and they self, introduces a resolution and has it passed without any have consolidated the dining rooms and it permitted the closing debate, requiring an investigation by this commission concern­ of one group of these ·buildings in so far as the activities of ing this, that, or the other, involving thousands and thousands the Government hotel are concerned. It is now occupied by of dollars. Now, if it is of sufficient importance, if it is not the Agricultural Department from one end to the other and pro""Vided by law, for the Senate to know about these things, another part occupied for 11torage purposes. it ought to be of sufficient importance for the House to know The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman has consumed one hour about it, and it ought to be of sufficient importance that the and has control of 3u minutes. country know about it, and the commission should be given au­ Mr. WOOD. I ask consent for the 35 minutes. thority to make that investigation by joint action of the two Mr. SANDLIN. I ask unanimous consent that the gentleman Houses. be permitted to proceed within his time. Mr. HUDSPETH. Will the gentleman yield? In the hear­ The CHAIRMAN. Without objection, the gentleman yields ings the gentleman suggested that to Mr. Van Fleet. Has himself such time as he uses within the time which he controls. there been any concurrent resolution offered to that.effect? Mr. WOOD. In consequence the Housing Corporation is now . Mr. WOOD. No. paying approximately $7,500 ground rent for space in build­ 1\fr. HUDSPETH. Why not, I will ask the gentleman? ings that are not occupied by guests of the hotels. Mr. WOOD. It is one of those things that simply occurs. Now, how that can best be worked out I do not know. If ;'When we asked these gentlemen how we might economize and that rent is added to the present cost of maintenance down try to keep within the Budget provisions, and if they could there a surplus probably would not be inclicated. not curtail their operations, they said· that one of the greatest HO USING IN THE CITY OF WASHINGTON items of expense was due to the fact that they had to take their men a way from regular business in which they were Here is a thing that I want to call to the attention of the engaged in connection with their work to comply with the com.mittee at this time. There is a constant and incessant resolutions coming from the House or Senate. demand upon this committee-perhaps many of you gentlemen · Now, I wish to call attention to the Housing Corporation. have received correspondence to the same effect-a demand that these buildings should be abandoned. I do not know HOUSING CORPORATION who primarily is responsible for this propaganda, but I do In discussing appropriations for the Housing Corporation I know that if these 1,300 girls were turned loose in this town wish to invite the attention of the Members to the efficient to-day to find places in which to live the profiteers would be administration of that organization. Aside from the revenues doing a bigger business than they are doing now. I am op­ derived from the operation of the Government hotels, there posed generally to Government owner..ship of property. I am was covered into the Treasury for the fiscal year 1924 the in favor of private initiative whenever it is possible. But I sum of $4,056;115.06, obtained from the sale of property and am also in favor of having the Government protect itself. I the operation of industrial projects. The total expense inci­ have been reading a whole lot of propaganda that is going on 'dent to handling this volume of business was $108,942.68, or throughout the country concerning so-called rent legislation, 2.68 per cent of the amounts collected. The operation of the to provide for a maximum of rent to be charged in the city of Norfolk Ferries, Norfolk County, Va., is perhaps the out­ Washington. A great many people contend that it is uncon­ standing achievement of the Housing Corporation. This stitutional. If the Government has not the right to protect transportation system was operated at a loss prior to control itself, then it is the weakest government that was ever organ­ by the present administration of the Housing Corporation, ized. One of the primary principles of life is self-defense, and and by reducing operating costs and effecting other economies whenever a government can not protect itself, then. that gov­ a profit in operation was shown which for the past several ernment ought to fall. years is as follows : These gentlemen who are sending out their propaganda and carrying on the agitation throughout the United States are sending letters here, and I am getting such letters every ii!:ii!:i! day, one of which I submit herewith as an illustration: !!f~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ GA&Y BOARD OF REALTORS, Under the efficient management of Mrs. Summers receipts Ga1·y, Ind., Ja?luary 26, 1925. trom the Government hotels during the fiscal year 1924 aggre­ Hon. WILL R. Wooo, gated $697,743.17 and operating expenses totaled $676,762.22, House Ofli.ce Building, Washington, D. 0. showing an excess in operating receipts over expenditures of DEAR CONGRESSMAN : Our attention has been called to Senate bill $20 980.95. In addition to her duties in operating the hotels 3764 and House bill 11078 by the Washington Real Estate Board, Mr~. Summers manages a laundry which was originally in­ whereby it is proposed to enact legislation to control rents in the Dis­ tended to perform the necessary laundry work in connection trict of Columbia. with the hotels. A year ago the committee went into this We, the Gary Board of Realtors, an association consisting of 71 matter and discovered that the laundry had capacity sufficient realtors in the city of Gary, do believe that any legislation of this to do extra work, and to-day practically all of the Government character is very detrimental, will eventually interfere with property establishments are having their work done in this establish­ rights and private contracts, a right that has been held sacred by the ment. Towels are laundered at a cost of 45 cents a hundred, American people; and we further believe that by the enactment of such as compared with prices ranging from 75 cents to $2 per hun­ legislation by our Congress that it will create a very dangerous prece· dred, according to size, when this work was performed by dent in legislation by our State legislatures. public laundries. We therefore ask of you, as our Representative in Congress, to cast I also wish to call attention to the fact that several of the your vote in the negative, and by doing so you will do justice to all O.ormitories are located on property belonging to the Baltimore property owners, large and small, throughout our entire Nation. & Ohio Railroad, for which an annual rental of $74,315 js Thanking you in advance, I remain, in behalf of the Gary Board of paid. These dormitories are not used for the accommodation Realtors, of guests, and one of them is occupied by the offices of the Sincerely yours, Bureau of Home Economics of the Department of Ag1·iculture. A. EARL UNGER, SeCJ"etary. This bureau does not pay rent to the Housing Corporation, for No doubt you gentlemen are getting the same kind from the use of the building and the rent is absorbed in the charges real-estate men throughout the country, advising us that we made the guests of the hotels, amOtmting to about $5 per should be very careful about adopting a principle that will be capita annually. The Agricultural appropriation bill has al­ a detriment to private initiative and ownership throughout the ready passed the Senate, and I realize it is too late to take United States. any action now, but we propose to correct this inequity next I have advised these gentlemen that the best service they can year. render their country and the best service they can render to Mr. BOYLAN. Will the gentleman yield? those engaged in the real-estate business in " 1 ashington is to Mr. WOOD. I will. bring to the knowledge of the gentlemen here with whom they Mr. BOYLAN. Does not the gentleman think that inasmuch are in communication this fact, that they had better take and as these hotels are now showing a profit that the rate charged reform themselves. [Applause.] these girls should be reduced? The Government ought not to There seems to be a misconception about the city of Wash­ be in the business of making money from the stenographers ington. This city is not to be compared with any other city ~d clerks employed by the Government. in the United States. This city is the seat of the Federal Gov­ 1\Ir. WOOD. I am glad the gentleman asked that question. ernment, and if the primary plan had been carried out there This thing has transpired, too. One of these buildings has would kave been no occasion for profiteering in the city of peen abandoned, so far as accommodating guests is concerned. Washington. The original design was to make this city, as ' 1925 CONGRESSIONAL -RECORD-HOUSE 2659

distinguished from all other capitals of government in the apartment had been increased more than 100 per cent, and being world, pm:ely a seat of government, where the business of the paid by a new tenant. Government would be transacted ; where, untrammeled, those Mr. CONNALLY of Texas. Will the gentleman yield? who are necessary for the transaction of the business of the Mr. WOOD. Yes. GoTernment would live at the lowest possible expense. It was Mr: CONNALLY of Texas. All the gentleman has said is provided that instead of having a lot of ramshackle buildings very fine, but has the gentleman any assurance or can the gen­ between the Capitol and the White House, there should be noth­ tleman give us any assurance that we shall get any legislation ing but official buildings. What a picture that would be if ·it at this Congress to remedy that situation? were a fact to-day ! It never was intended that there should be 1\Ir. WOOD. No; I can not· give that assurance to the manufacturing here. It never was intended that there should gentleman although I wish I could. I wish I had the power ·be commercial houses here, except those that were permitted to remedy that situation, and there would not be any question· by the Government to supply the demands of those who are about my doing it I am amazed at gentlemen, who have the engaged in performing the functions of this Government... In best interests of this country at heart, who belieYe in economy an evil hour somebody proposed, for the purpose of rru. mg in Gov_ernment and who know of these things, who ti·y to ob­ reTenues, that they sell town lots in the city of Washington. struct the character- of legislation that would bring about this That is where our troubles began. relief. But these gentlemen, instead of understanding that they are Mr. BLANTON. Will the gentleman yield? here at the sufferance of the Government, labor under the mis­ Mr. WOOD. Yes. conception that those who are employed by the Government to Mr. BLANTON. I think that matter will 1te- attended to· transact the business of the Government are here at the suffer­ without passing any bolshevik remedy by requiring all realtors ance of these business interests. These gentlemen should be to ·be licensed under regulations, by requiring the true con-· reminded of the fact that all those who are here outside of the sideration to be placed in deeds and deeds of trust, and by­ Government itself, outside of those connected with the admin­ preventing a concert of action among realtors- in the matter istration of the Government, are here merely at the suffei:RDce of raising rents. But I want to ask the gentleman this ques­ of the Government. [Applause.] tion: Suppose the gentleman owned a residence here before the Mr. McKEOWN. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? War began and it cost him $10,000, and for him to replace 1\ir. WOOD. Yes. that residence now it would cost $20,000, because of the increase Mr. McKEOWN. I haye been informed, or I have read in labor and materials, and the gentleman can sell it for somewhere, that the first lots disposed of in the District of $20,000, would the gentleman say that residence was worth Columbia were disposed of under a lottery system. Has the $20,000 or $10,000? gentleman heard about that? Mr. WOOD. I would consider it worth $20,000. Mr. WOOD. Yes; I have heard of it. And I have also been Mr. BLANTON. Of course, and the gentleman would: want told that our old friend Andrew Jackson in his time, when a return on his money. informed that the Government needed revenue, inaugurated Mr. WOOD. But I want to say that if I were renting a auctions to secure it. It has also been said that he is respon­ room in that house for which I was getting $10 before the sible for placing the Treasury Building where it now stands, War, based on the original cost, I would think I was a thief right across the Avenue, obstructing the Avenue. if I were trYing to get $40 a month for it. Mr. BOYLAN. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? Mr. BLANTON. Suppose the gentleman asked $15 for it?: Mr. WOOD. Yes. Mr. WOOD. Well, that is a matter of gradation. I want. Mr. BOYLAN. I said a few moments ago that something to say to you in passing-and it is a little digression-that· ought to be done to reduce the amount of money that these we shall make a very great mistake if we remove these Govern­ girls have to pay, instead of the Government making a profit. ment hotels until such time as these 1,300 girls can be absorbed Mr. WOOD. That is a matter that is now under inquiry, in the apartment houses of this city at a reasonable rentaL but you must bear in mind that in arriving at this so-called Mr. BLANTON. Will the gentleman yield right there? profit depreciation and a fair return upon an investment of Mr. WOOD. Yes. approximately $3,000,000 are not taken into consideration. I Mr. BLANTON. Does not the gentleman know that on the • want to say ln passing that there are constitutional lawyers 1st of January there were over 100 vacancies in the Govern-: and constitutional lawyers, and we have many of them in this ment hotels and that on the 1st of January last year there were body. Some of them contend that it is an infringement on 100 vacancies? the rights of property owners under the Constitution for Con­ Mr. WOOD. There are 1,300 girls down there now. It is · gress to regulate rents in this town. If that thing were carried the policy of this committee, and I think it is the policy of to its logical conclusion, no matter how high they might this Government that as soon as the necessity ceases that all pyramid rents in this city, this Congress, which is primarily these buildings should be abandoned. I now wish to direct responsible for all legislation here, would be powerless to act. attention to the Interstate Commerce Commission. Fortunately, that is not true. One of the greatest powers that ha been granted, and which has re ulted mru:y times, in the INTERSTATE! COMMERCE COMMISSION preserv-ation of this country, is the police power, and under In discussing the appropriations recommended for the In­ the pollee power of this Government, which must be considered terstate Commerce Commission for 1926, I wish to say that· with reference to the rights of property, we have this right. the· recommendations of the committee were arrived at ouly - And I want to say to you that unless something of that char­ after very careful and conscientious consideration of the needs acter is done we shall have to begin and appropriate more­ of the commission. The bill provides for appropriations in ex­ money for the expenses of the Government. We have been cess of the estimates submitted in the Budget in several in­ increasing the salaries of these employees here ever since the stances, which I shall later explain more in detail, but which World War began, and it has not done them a bit of good. are submitted herewith for the information of the House: Why? Because every dollar of increase given to these employ­ ees is taken away from them by these profiteers. Recom­ That is what has been happening. I happen to know, by Object Estimated for 1926 mended rea on of my acquaintance and association with the citizens for 1,925 of this town, of two or three concrete cases which disclose to me what is going on here. There have been many new build­ General expenses __ ------$2, 100,000 $2,318,660 ings erected here since the war. The population of Washington Bureau of Accounts __ ------600,000 1, 189,250 Bureau of Safety ___ ------500, 000 650, 000 .bas nearly doubled since the war began, and_of course you and Locomotive inspection______450,000 450, 000 I know that the cost of materials and the cost of labor and Valuation of property___ ·------1, 000,000 1, 946,552 everything else has gone higher and higher; but there are Frinting and binding______124,000 160,000 many buildings that were constructed before the wru.·, and a

lot of their owners are taking advantage of these increased GENERAL EXPE~SES p1ices. I know of a building where the rent was $50 for a five-room apartment before the war. The owner 1hst raised In order to show the necessity for the increased appropria­ the rent to $55 per month, then to $60, which increases were tion recommended for general expenses in this bill I wish to paid. call attention to the increase in work of the commis ion. The Then when, under the provisions of the rent act, the tenants riumber of formal proceedings that were filed as complaints' refused to pay further increases the owners refused to furnish and· subcomplaints is as follows : them with any of the _needed repairs. The paper was hang­ ing from the waH and there wer all Rort of defects in the, ~ggg.::::::=:::.:::.:::.:::::::::=::::::=:::=:::::::::.::::::=.::::::::::::::::::::::::::=:::==:::::::: __ :::::::::::: 1,ol~ 1923----~------~----~--~-----~------~ -- 1,160 tloors, while immediately under those very _apa.x:tments a like. 1924-----~------~------~--- ~ -~ 1L332~ • 12660 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JANUARY 29

In connection with investigations htstituted on motion of the crease is justified. It is estimated that the recapturable sur­ Interstate Commerce Commission there were in- plus for· the past several years will aggregate $94,060,000. There has been covered into the Treasury the sum of $5,021,· 894.97 as excess earnings of the carriers, the major portion of which was paid under protest pending final valuation of the ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~ carriers' property, and this contingent fund, therefore, has not The decrease in the number of these proceedings in 1924, as been available for the uses contemplated by law. compared with the preceding year, were made necessary be­ There are approximately 564 cases on the docket awaiting ·cause of the inability of the commission to continue their regu­ consideration, and it is estimated that with the present force lar work, and at the same time provide funds for this class of not more than 405 can be taken care of by June 30, 1925. In investigations. order, therefore, that the work may be kept current during the I should also like to call attention to the number of reports ensuing fiscal year, and that the work in arrears may be that have been issued by the Interstate Commerce Commission, brought up to date, the sum recommended is believed essen· which is as follows: tial, and can be divided as follows: 1906------1920______510R2 To bring work in arrears up to date------$471, 585 To keep current work originating in 1926------717,665 }~~~======::::::::::: 1, 8~~ Total------1,189,250 These reports cover rate, valuation, and finance casesJ and I As I stated just a moment ago, the Bureau of Accounts is should like to show the increase by the number of pages issued charged with the policing of carriers' accounts, and the sum of in connection with these reports, which follows : $317,604.46 was under consideration by the committee for this 1906------251 work. However, we were of the opinion-that this work could 1923------1920------2,8704,391 be postponed safely until the more urgent work of the com­ 1924------7,760 mission was brought current, and the total appropriation I'ec­ In addition to the regular work of the commission and the ommended in this paragraph, therefore, is to be used for the activities of its various bureaus, the Supreme Court decision recapture of excess profits under section 15a of the transporta­ in the Wolfe case, which was to the effect that the statute of tion act. limitations of two years on claims for overcharges must be THill BURilAU OF SAFETY specifically adhered to, and that when the two years' limitation Section 26 of the transportation act greatly increased the expired it destroyed not merely the liability but also the rem­ duties of the Bureau of Safety by authorizing the commission edy, greatly increased the duties imposed upon the Interstate to require carriers to install automatic train control upon any Commerce Commission. As a result of the decision of the court part or the whole of any railroad, and also to apply other Congress passed an amendment to the law which granted an safety devices. In response to this law, an order was issued extension of time in which to file overcharge claims, and during in June, 1922, re·quiring 49 of the Class I roads to install some November and December these claims aggregated approxi­ form of automatic train stop or train control device upon a mately 40,000. locomotive passenger division between specified terminals, and As I have indicated the increase in the volume of business, a subsequent order effective in February., 1924, required 45 there are at the present time some 49,000 informal docket additional Class I carriers to install train-control devices upon cases pending, over 3,000 special docket cases, and approxi­ one locomotive passenger division. mately 2,100 undisposed-of formal cases now before the com­ Due to insufficient personnel in the inspection force the mission. In view of the importance of the work of the com­ latter order was suspended pending the completion of the in­ mission and the number of cases pending, your committee is of stallations required by the order of June, 1922. We believe the opinion that the sum recommended to be appropriated is that the safety work is of primary importance and should be necessary. proceeded with as rapidly as is consistent with good admin­ · I wish to say in passing that it was perfectly patent to your istration, and consequently recommend an appropriation of committee that if the railroads of this country are to function $650,000 for the Bureau of Safety for 1926. This is an in­ all the increases asked by the commission and which have been crease of $275,000 over the amount available for the current allowed in this bill are absolutely essential. If there is an ap­ year, but the increase is to provide for supervision of new peal by the railroads to this commission whereby they ask an installations and to keep up the current inspection of installa· increase of a rate, it must be determined within 120 days, tions previously made. I also wish to call attention to that unless the commission itself takes action and grants an ex­ portion of the annual· report of the Interstate Commerce Com­ tension of that time, but it must finally be determined within mission which shows that of 100 collisions and derailments 150 days, whereas if there is a s)lipper throughout the country investigated during 1924, 50 of them were preventable, and who has some fault to find by reason of the fact that an over­ that if they had been prevented 113 lives would have been charge has been made against him it will be two years before saved and 780 persons protected from unnecessary injury. I he can get a determination of his complaint, and maybe longer. do not claim that the increase in the appropriation we recom­ It has been thought not to be the best practice with respect to mend here will" prevent these accidents, but I do wish to do these matters to require these people to come from a distance all in my power to reduce the possibility of such accidents, to Washington when they are prosecuting their appeals, but and I am of the opinion that the Bureau of Safety of the that the machinery of this Government can be more cheaply Interstate Commerce Commission is the proper organization taken to them. to assist in this work. 'Vithin the last year there have been more than 1,000 men LOCOMOTIVE IKSPECTION and women here who should not have been put to the expense This bill provides for an appropriation of $450,000 for 1926 of coming here at all, and but for the lack of a proper appro­ for the Bureau of Locomotive Inspection. The act of June 7, priation their troubles would have been heard at home. Now, 1924, provided for the employment of 15 additional inspectors, it is well known that the railroads have ample means and and this accounts for the increase of $150,000 in the sum recom­ splendid ability to come here whenever called upon. On the mended as compared with the appropriation made for the cur­ other hand, we well know it is irksome for business men and rent year. To better illustrate the increasing volume of work those who are dependent upon their daily exertions to leave in this bureau, I wish to call attention to the following: their vocations in life and come here, and we also know it is one of the primary principles of the law of this country that 1920 1924 we should take justice to the men and women and not require them to go in search of it. So we have increased this appro­ it Number of locomotives inspected .. ------49,471 f!l, fl!l priation in the belief that would not only be an economy, N umber found defective ___ . ___ ------.------25,529 36,098 so far as the Government itself is concerned, but it certainly Number ordered out of service ..• ------­ 3, 7H li, 76{ would be a great economy in so far as those who are vitally Total number of defects found------95,066 14.6,121 interested are concerned. BUREAU OF ACCOUNTS It is impossible at this time to determine what the expenses The appropriation of $1,189,250 recommended for the Bureau will amount to incident to the employment of 15 additional of Accounts for 1926 represents a substantial increase over inspectors but it is estimated that the sum recommended will the sum now available aud the estimates, but inasmuch as this be sufficient. bureau is called upon to perform all accounting work in con­ BUREAU OF VALUATION nection with the recapture of excess earnings under- section Careful investigation by the committee developed the fact 15a of the transportation act, and is charged with the duty of that to finish the primary valuations of the steam, telegraph, policing the accounts of carriers, it is believed ~hat the in- and sleeping car carriers of the country, under the present; 1925 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE .2661 rate of appropriations, would take from 6 to 13 years, during Mr. GAR~~ of Texas. Can they not make that in two which time much of the information already obtained would years?. Does not the commission say they can make it in two be useless. We thereupon asked Commissioner Lewis, of the years if you give them sufficient money? Interstate Commerce Commission, who is in chru·ge of this Mr. WOOD. They said they could do it, but it would require work, haw much it would take to complete primary valuation a much .larger appropriation this year, and by reason of past in two :rears, and also an estimate of the cost if completed in ~rans~ctwns we thought we had better give them three years ~ree yeru·s. In order that an organization could be built up m which to do the work. to handle this work and make use of the available data, the . 1\lr. GAR!\TE~ ?f Texas. In other words, you do not b~ . committee recommends that the three-year program be adopted, lieve th~ comm~sswn can do in two years what they say they which calls for appropriations to be used in valuation work can do If you give them the money? ~nly, as follows: Mr. WOOD. I do not think they can. Mr. MOORE of Virginia. Has the gentleman's attention been drawn to the fact that since his bill was written the con­ ~erees on. the Hoch resolution have filed a report here show· ~~~i======Order No. 3 of the Bureau of Valuation provides $f:~~~;g~~for bring- mg t~at If ~he conference report is adopted-at least I infer ing up to date the primary valuations for the purpose of that 1~ a faiT statement-there will be very heavy additional determining recapturable excess earnings under section 15a of work unposed on the Interstate Commerce Commission? I am the transportation act. To provide for the engineering forces not talking now about valuation, but in justification of the engaged in this work, additional appropriations must be granted increased appropriation. . for the ensuing fiscal year, and for this purpose the committee Mr.. WOOD. I suspect that is true, and that is another place l'ecommends the sum of $137,350. To assist the Bureau of wherem the Congress of the United ·states both the House Accounts in determining amounts to be recaptured an additional a~~ the Se~ate, unconsciously, are eterna'lly throwing ad­ apropriation of $253,600 is recommended in this bill, making ditional duties upon the Interstate Commerce Commission a total amount available for the Bureau of Valuation for 1926 '!ithout. addi~ional appropriations. We are passing resolu~ of $1,946,552. I wish to call attention to the hearings on this tions With reJ.erence to this, that, or the other thing· we are appropriation, with particular reference to a resume of state­ passing laws with reference to rates, and so forth without tak­ ments of estimates of cost and time for completion of valuation ing into account what it is going to cost the Interstate Com­ :work, from its inception. (Page 347 of the hearing.) merce Commission. The Interstate Commerce Commission to­ I have set out in the report the figures that were given day is the only agency between the people of the United States us by the gentlemen who are in charge of this work. To my and the operator. mind this has been one of the great disappointments in our . Mr. GARNF..R of Texas. Since the recapture clause is in the legislation. In 1913, when it was proposed that we fix a mterest of the people- . · '""aluation on the railroads of this country, it was represented Mr. WOOD. Of course it is. by .Mr. LA FoLLETTE, who was the author of the bill or had Mr. GARNER of Texas. · Why do you not give the Inter­ much to do with its passage, that the whole thing could be state Commerce Commission sufficient money to do this work accomplished for $4,000,000. Gentlemen testified it would be within the two :rears and let them protect the people as against just as easy to fix the valuation of railroads as it would be the railroads having it for three years? ' to go into your farm yard as an assessor and fix a valuation Mr .. WOOD. I wish the gentleman would read the hearings on your personal property. We have spent more than $27,- on .t~IS matter, and perhaps he will find my reasons for the 000,000 and it is going to take more than $3,000,000 more, position .we have taken. '\e had this appropriation when I according to these experts, to complete the work; but we are was chairman of the legi lative, executive, and judicial bill in it and it must be completed because these recaptures, about before the Bll;dget law was enacted. They were coming here which we have heard so much and which are so essential then and tellmg us when they were going to complete this in these reorganizations under the Esch--Cummins Act, can work. It ought to have been completed. I am not criticizinoo be intelligently arrived at. It is necessary that this primary them bec~use of various things which developed that they wer: ,valuation be made. We have initiated a policy whereby we not cogruzant of and which made it impossible for them to \till appropriate this :rear a certain amount for primary valua­ judge, but we ought to have had this work completed four tion, so much next year, and so much the third year, when years ago. I do not believe they will do the work in two years those in charge promise us it will be finally completed. Let and I want to give them the benefit of the doubt and make it .us hope this may be true. three years. 1\Ir. GARNER of Texas. Will the gentleman yield for a 1\fr. GARNER of Texas. In the meantime the railroad has question? one :rear additional advantage under the tecapture clause. Mr. WOOD. Yes. 1\fr: "\VO

United States Government that it has ever had. It is com­ For the Astrophysical Observatory an appropriation of posed of gentlemen eminent because of their scientific and $31,180 iB recommended for 1926. This sum is $9,600 more than practical abilitv who are serving the country without compen­ the amount available for the current year and is $9,560 more sation. The committee has demonstrated that it is not only than the estimate. It was developed during the hearings that possible but that the United States is actually excelling in for a number of years past Mr. John A. Roebling,· of New aeronautics everything in the world except as to the number Jersey, has been contributing approximately $8,000 annually of airplanes. It has also demonstrated, to the benefit of the for scientific research by the Astrophysical Obse:n-atory, and Treasury of the United States, that we ought to look before we now that investigations of the radiation of the sun have pa"-.ed leap. They have been instrumental as far as the Army and through the experimental stage and it is possible to predict the Navy are concerned in giting them practical advice that weather conditions for substantial periods in advance, he has has saved the country millions of dollars. Had we had their withdrawn his support, and the committee is of the opinion service prior to and during the war, we would have saved not that sufficient funds should be provided to carry on this work. only millions of dollars but a great deal of unnecessary labor. To reduce the amount recommended would necessitate he They have discovered that you can not build a flying ma­ abandonment of the station at Montezuma, near Calama, Chile, chine and put an engine in it after you have built the machine. South America, which is particularly adapted to this kind of You first must have your engine and then build the flying work, because of the absence of rain and where the days of machine about it. good observation average 260 a year. Acting upon the rec~nt discovery that a ve sel can go as well and faster without sails than can a full rigged ship, UNI1'ED STATES SHIPPING BOARD by using a revolving cylinder to propel the vessel, this organi­ The committee recommends appropriations for the Unitec zation is applying this principle ·to the flying machines, so it States Shipping Board and the Emergency Fleet Corporation will have the same propelling power that it has on the sail­ in accordance with the estimates submitted in the Budget ing ve sel. All this is without compensation to the members With one exception, the restrictive paragraphs relating to the of the committee. And let me say that if we are wi e we board and the Fleet Corporation are continued in this hill will never allow the War Department or the Navy Department without change. The paragraph which provided that no :part or any other department to assume all control of aeronautics of the appropriations available be expended for preparation of of this country. newspaper , magazines, and so forth, has been eliminated, be :Mr. LAGUARDIA. "'"ill the gentleman yield? cause of the necessity of preparing newspapers and maintain Mr. WOOD Ye. ing a library for use of the passengers on vessels under the Mr. L.AGUARDIA. I agree with what the gentleman says, control of the United States. All competing lines furnish this and I wa_nt to call attention to the fact that with reference service to their passengers, and similar service must be given to Langley Field I tried to point out when the Army appro­ to people using Government ships. priation ]Jill was before the Hou e that the appropriation for Last year we reduced the appropriations for the Fleet Cor Dayton was an absolute duplication of what you have provided poration some $14,000,000, which, according to Admiral Pal for here, although the work will not be as scientifically carried mer, was the wisest thing Congress has done. TWs reduction on at Dayton made it necessary to introduce more efficient methods of · Mr. WOOD- We recommend an appropriation of $522,000 operation, consolidate existing lines, and Teduce o-verhead ex for the National Advisory Committee, and of this sum it is penses. I can not commend too highly Mr. Palmer's administra proposed to use $40,000 for the construction of an additional tion of the Fleet Corporation, for, although all existing trade laboratory building to house the shops and drawing rooms, routes are being maintained, the operating losses are not so and to provide space for storage. The purpose of this com­ great as heretofore, and his conscientious efforts are bearing mittee is to secure technical information on aeronautics, and fruit. I am including in my remarks at this point a state at the present time there is much agitation to establish a ment showing operating revenues and expenses, the number of single Air Service, and it is proposed to incorporate this ·organi­ ships operated, the amounts received from liquidation, expendi zation in such a service. 1n my opinion this would be a grave tures on account of liquidation and cost of tie-up, and rhe error, for the membership of the committee is at present made status of the construction loan fund, from which loans are up of the very best scientific talent in America, serving with­ made for the Dieselization of ships. out compensation, and devoting a great amount of time to the study of aerodynamics. To place a ~cientific organization such UNITED STATES SHIPPING BOARD EMERGENCY FLEET CORPORATJO); as this under the control of any department might result in a Compat•i.son of estimated revenue and e:rpente, including appropriation loss of the services of these distinguished gentlemen. Nor am I alone in this belief, for I wish to quote for the information Fiscal year of the Members, a portion of the President's letter of trans­ 1921, monthly Fiscal year Fiscal rear mittal when sending the annual report of this organization to financial 1925, Budget 1926,' teo ta­ Congress: statement tive Budget When the National Advi ory Committee for Aeronautics was estab­ lished by Congress in 1915 there was a deplorable lack of technical OPE.RA.TIONS information on aeronautics in this country. In submitting this, the Estimated receipts: tenth annual report of the committee, I feel that it is appropriate to (A) Amount on hand at begin- say a word of appreciation of the bigh-min

Oomparison of estim.ated revenue and empense, including approprkJ.. five-minute ruie I will offer an amendment making certain tions-Continued moneys available, and at that time will be glad to make a de­ tailed explantion of the status of these various claims. I can Fiscal year Fiscal year state briefly .at this time, however, that the Fleet Corporation 192-i, monthly Fiscal year 1926, tenta­ has claims pending in their favor amounting to approximately financial 1925, Budget tive Budget statement $137,000,000, as against claims of contractors and others total­ ing about $196,000,000. VETERA}'S' BL'.REAU The committee recommends appropriations for the United States Veterans' Bureau in accordance with the estimates ·sub­ $600, 000. 00 $500, 000. ()() mitted in the Budget. The total recommended is $76,258,- 272.30 less than the total of the appropriations for the current 8, 000, 000. 00 6, 000, 000. 00 fiscal year. Increases over the amounts available for this -. year are recommended in the appropriations for military and naval compensation and military and naval insurance, made 8, 600, 000. 00 6, 500, 000. 00 necessary by the new legislation enacted during the last ses­ sion of Congress, better known as the World War veterans' 3, 000, 000. ()() 2, 500, 000. 00 act, of June 7, 1924. 1, «0, 000. 00 1, 130, 000. 00 I wish to call particular attention to the cost of this new legislation which greatly liberalized hospital treatment and 2, 000, 000. 00 ------provided for two months' additional pay to rehabilitated 40,000.00 40,000.00 trainees. The increased expenditures under the various services 6, 00, 000. 00 3, 670, 000. 00 of the Veterans' Bureau may be itemized as follows: Medical and hospital services ______$8, 000, 000 Vocational rehabilitation------8, 000, 000 2, 120, 000. 00 2, 830, 000. 00 Military and naval insurance______2, 000, 000 Military and naval compensation------16, 000, 000 Estimated number of ships in oper­ ation: 34,000, 000 Cargo ___ ------·------338 'NT (!) SALARrES AND EXPENSES 50 50 (2) All others .• ------Reductions in personnel, economies in the business adminis n·ation of the field offices, and decentralization will enable 2 Due to lack of details on the 1926 estimate, it is not possible at this time to give on estimate of the number of vessels to be operated during the fiscal year 1926. the Veterans' Bureau to operate under an appropriation which is $3,703,87 4.30 less than the sum a vail able for administration CONSTRUCTION LOAN FUND for the current year. I can not commend too highly General Estima.te of possible increases and decreases to June SO, 1926 Hines's splendid efforts and cooperation in bringing the admin­ istration of the Veterans' Bureau to a business basis. His Fiscal year Fiscal year Fiscal year 1924 1925 1926 straightforward presentation of the work and needs of the bureau is appreciated by the committee, and we are endeavor­ ing to assist him in eYery way. Amount of fund at beginning of fiscal year----- $50,000,000 $60,880,000 $47,800,000 Estimated net proceeds available for credit to MILITARY AND NAVAL COMPENSATION fund------•11,280, 000 2, 120,000 ------It is estimated that the sum of $127,000,000 recommended 61, 280, 000 63, 000, 000 47, 800, ()()() to be appropriated in this bill will be necessary during the Loans made or estimated to be made.~------400,000 7, 700,000 5, 000,000 fiscal year 1926. While this amount appears as an increase 60, 880, 000 55, 300, 000 42, 800, ()()() of $44,000,000 over the appropriations available for the current Estimated disbursements account Dieseliza- year, I want to make clear that beginning with the :fiscal year tion program.·------7, 500,000 10,000,000 1926 we propose to make appropriations for military and naval Estimated balance at end of fiscal year_._ 60, 880, 000 47, 800, 000 32, 800, 000 compensation on an annual basis in order that the Congress may better know tlie cost of this service. Heretofore the un 1 Actual amount credited to fund, $11,281,931.62. expended balances of appropriations previously made were available for military and naval compensation, and under the Aside from the matters mentioned which pertain to the bill, new scheme it is estimated that approximately $30,000,000 will I wish to call attention to the statements of Mr. O'Connor, be covered into the Treasury at the close of this fiscal year. chairman of the Shipping Board, and Mr. Palmer, president of I wish to direct the attention of the :Members to the increase the Fleet Corporation, relating to a complete separation of the in the number of active claims before this bureau. On June activities of the board and the Fleet Corporation. The ship­ 30, 1924, there were 179,037 active claims, and on September ping act of 1916 did not contemplate that the board should be 30, 1924, this number had increased to 186,281. This was due called upon to operate ships, yet because of the war, and sub­ to the liberalizing features of the ·world War veterans' act of sequent legislation that is what happened, and to-day the opera­ 1924, and the increased cost of compensation of approximately tion of the fleet is hampered by the control of the Shipping $16,000,000 to which I referred a moment ago is due particu Board. Friction between the board and the Fleet Corporation larly in the class of beneficiaries that could receive compen will continue until there is a complete separation of the two ac­ sation in cases of tuberculosis and neuropsychiatric diseases tivities. There is no question in my mind but that if the Fleet where the presumption clause was extended until January 1 Corporation was released from legal restrictions now imposed 1925. upon it, and given free hand in the operation of the fleet, in­ MEDICAL A...'D HOSPITAL SERVICES stead of an operating loss, we would derive some revenue. If the policy of the Shipping Board is to continue, and not We recommend an appropriation of $35,000,000 for medical enter the tramp-ship business, the Fleet Corporation will al- and hospital services for 1926. Of this sum approximately . ways operate at a loss. Tramp cargoes constitute 30 per cent $13,500,000 is allotted to other Government services that afford of our commerce, consisting of grain, nitrates, coal, and so facilities to the Veterans' Bureau and services on the fee basis forth. If this class of cargo is eliminated, and the corpora­ and under contract service. In June, 1924, there were 22,457 tion compelled to compete with other highly organized lines in patients of the Veterans' Bureau in various hospitals. This the high-class passenger and cargo freight senke, a profit will number increased to 27,626 by December, 1924, due to the tiber never be realized. I am of the opinion that a trading service alization of hospital treatment as provided in the World War might be established which would enable the operators to pick veterans' act. up cargo wherever it might be, transport it to its destination, \OCATIOXAL RRH.A.BILITATIO~ and then if return cargo can be secured, say 500 miles distant, The present plan of rehabilitating the trainee and placing permit the operator to contract for other cargo to be trans­ him in employment as quickly as he has reached the point of ported to the place where he expects to get cargo for the re­ employability has resulted in a decrease in the amount of turn trip. This is in the nature of a tramp service, but might ftmds required for yocational rehabilitation for the ensuing be operated along some form of trade route, and certainly with­ fiscal year. The committee recommends an appropriation of out injuring existing routes. $38,000,000, in accordance with the Budget estimates. On I wish at this time to say a word with reference to the July 1, 1923, there were 80,359 men in training, .and a.t .the claims pending before the Shipping Board Emergency· Fleet close of the fiscal year there were 45,347 men m n·ammg Corporation. During the consideration of this bill under the The rehabilitation of these men has been ;made possible 2664 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JANUARY 29 through the assistance of large corporations in placing men in several Items of this bill the Subcommittee on Appropriations employment when they have been rehabilitated. To JJrOvide has materially changed the figures submitted to the Congress for two months' additional pay to rehabilitated trainees as au­ by the Bureau of the Budget. That is a concrete evidence thorized in the new World War veterans' act, .an additional that this House and Congress still have the right to appro­ expenditure of $8,000,000 wlll be necessary. priate as it sees fit. WORLD WAit AD.T"C'STED COMPENSATION After a study of the hearings held when the Budget law The committee recommends appropriations in accordance was .under consideration, after reading the debates that with the Buaget estimates for carrying out the provisions of occurred in this forum and in another body, and reading the the World War adjusted compensation act. A total of 1,439,696 testimony of the witnesses that appeared at the hearings be­ claims have been filed with the Veterans' Bureau, and certificates fore the committee, which was nonpartisan in its formation, valued at $729,241,478 issued. In connection with this appro­ which was composed of some of the ablest and most patriotic priation, I desire to call attention of the Members to the cost men in the Congress, I am free to say that the Members of of the so-called "soldiers' bonus," and I shall enumerate the Congress who were responsible for that law being written on sums already made available, and those proposed, as follows: the statute books should have no apologies to make for the faith they had in them at that time with reference to the Atpproprlaticms 1nade to carry out the provisiona of the World War adjusted cotnp11esation act merits of that measure. I think legitimate criticism of men General Accounting Office, administrative expenses______$75, 240 and bodies is helpful at all times, and I have no quarrel to Navy Department, administrative expenses------450, 000 pick with those who criticize the action of the Budget because War Department, -administrative expenses------3, 600, 000 the committee itself is in disagreement with the Bureau of United States Veterans' Bureau: in this Administrative expenses------1, 188, 500 the Budget several items of bill, but I call your Adjusted service and dependent pay______26, 629, 398 attention especially to the fact that the Congress still has Adjusted service certificate fund ______: ______100, 000, 000 the power to change the findi.ilg of the Budget when they think Total appropriations to date------l31,D43,138 a mistake has been made by that bureau. In my humble Recommended in the accompanying b111 : opinion there Js no _piece of legislation which has been written United States Veterans' Bureau- on the statute books of this country within the past 15 or 20 Adjusted service and dependent pay______12, 000, 000 years, or longer, that has saved as many dollars to the tax­ Adjusted service certificate 50, 000, 000 fund------payers of the country as that law wbich created the Bureau Total of appropriations made and recom­ of the Budget. [Applause.] We are disposed to fall into the mended------193,943,138 habit of criticizing carelessly. This Congress itself has been Mr. SANDLIN. Mr. Ohah·man and gentlemen of the House, the subject of criticism which was unjust. Wben men make I realize that after the detailed information that has been mistakes and when bodies make mistakes, there is apt to be given you by the chairman of the subcommittee, the gentleman criticism and they are subject to criticism and they should be from Indiana [Mr. Woon], that a further discussion of this criticized, but the Members of this body especially know that bill will probably be rather uninteresting to you. I want to during the past few years criticisms which have been hurled say at the outset that practically every item that is written at the members of the Budget Bureau and at the Congress itself into the bill was so written with the full agreement of the have not always been justified. Therefore, I think that wa subcommittee. There is very little difference o:f opinion be­ should be careful when it comes to our using that weapon tween the members of the committee on any item. 1: want to ourselves. say that notwithstanding the fact that it has been stated by This bill now under consideration by the committee carries some Members of the House who probably believe it that since appropriation for 22 independent offices of the Government. the Budget law has been written on the statute books of this A comparative statement of the amounts appropriated for Nation the power of appropriation has been taken from the 1925, the Budget estimates for 1926, Blld the amounts recom· Congress. I want to call your attention to the fact that in mended in the accompanying bill for 1926 are as follows :

J11 dependent ojJI.cu appropriation biR,19!8.-.A comparat1te ltatemt'llt of the amount& appr(}~riateilfor 19l5, the Budget utimatufor 19.!8, and amount.! recommended in the accom• pa.nying bill tor 19.!8

Appropriations Budget Increase (+) or Increase or for 1926 in the estimates for Amount decrease (-) t decrease -) Object independent 1926, regular recommended ln bill oomparea bill compared o:tflces deficiency annual and the bill for 1926 with 1.923 with1926 Bud· and other acts supplemental appropriation get estimates

Executive Office.---·-----·------U!Q, 767.50 $439,960.00 $439,960.00 -$807.50 ---·-----·-----· Alien Property Custodian------·------225,000. 00 189,220. 00 189,220. 00 -35,780.00 ------··· American Battle Monuments Commission •••• ---·--··------·----- 600,000.00 (1) (1) -500,000.00 ------·--···· Board of Ta.x Appeals______1 600,000.00 354,320. 00 B54, 320.00 +aM. 320.00 -----·------··· Bureau of Efficiency------·------·--·------·-----·------·-···- 1li6, 150. 00 150,350. 00 150, 350. 00 -~~· 800•• oo -···-·-+--$2--,----.·:t Civil Service CommissioD-.-----·------·------·------l, 012,035.00 997,375.00 999,315.00 ~ 660 00 000 w Commission of Fine Arts------·--···---··-···-····-···--·------ll, 3li0. 00 6, 600.00 6, 500.00 +t, 150.00 ------Employees' Compensation Commission...------2, 650,600.00 2, 301,'500. 00 2, 301,600.00 --~· 100 .. oo ------.:::.:i- ___.-:: Federal Board for Vocational Education.. •••••• ·--·-··------·------·----- 944,000. 00 855, 270.00 860,000.00 ~ 000 00 ~ 730 uu Federal Power Conunlssion------·--·--·····-·------11,000.00 26, 8(X). 00 26,800. 00 +tli, 800.00 ------· Federal Trade Commission----·-·------·------·----·---·---- 1, 010,000.00 950,000.00 1, 008, 000.00 -2,000.00 +58. 000.00 General Accounting Office------···--·---····--·------·------8, 799,852.00 S, 701,960.00 8, 701,960.00 -97,892.00 ------Housing Corporation_------·------·------·------882, •15. 00 743,915.00 US, 915. 00 -138,500.00 ------Interstate Commerce ConunlssioD-.------·-··------·--- 4, 641, 86-t 00 4, 913,500. 00 6, 853,962.00 +2, 212,098.00 +1, 940, !62. 00 National Advisory Committee lor AeronautiCS------·---···------470,000.00 634, 000.00 ll34. 000.00 +64., 000.00 ------Perry's Victory Memorial CommissioD------·------·------99, 185.00 ----·--·------·-·--·--·------99,185.00 ---·------Railroad Labor Board------·------82!1, 200. 00 206,805.00 206,805.00 -25, 3Q5. 00 ------Smithsonian Insttution ------809,101.66 757,890.00 788,020.00 -21,081.66 +30,130. 00 St-ate, War, and Navy Department Bnlldings ______~--- 2, 458,115.00 2, 342,880.00 2, 342,880. 00 -115,235.00 ------·-··------Tariff Commission______683,240.00 721.500.00 721,600.00 +as, 260.00 ---··--·---·-·--·· United States Geographic Board------··---·------··---·--·-- 1, 000.00 550.00 550.00 -t50. 00 --····--·-----·-·· United States Shipping Board------·----·--·--··------·-··--· SO, 3«, 000.00 ~ 330,000.00 ~ 330,000.00 -6, 014., 000.00 ---·------United States Veterans' Bureau.______481,958,272. SO 4.05, 700,000.00 405,700,000.00 -76,258,272. so ----·------1------r--~~---l---~~--~--~~---~~~~~ Gmnd total regular an.nnal appropriations ••••• -·------·-·-- 633, ~ 14.7. 46 ~. 314,295.00 •52, 3!9, 617.00 -81,074,530.4.6 +2. 035, 322. 00

1 Use of unexpended balances. 'This sum wa.s allotted to the Board of Tax Appeals from appropriations made for 1925 for the Bureau of Internal Revenue.

While the total amount carried in this bill is $81,000,000 Mr. BYRNS of Tennessee. As I understood the figures ot less than in 1925, $50,000,000 of this amount is deducted from the actuary which were submitted to the House when the so­ the $100,000,000 which is estimated would be necessary each called adjusted compensation act was passed, it was stated year for the purpose o:f taking care of the adjusted certificate that in order to provide a fund that would be sufficient to taka fund. This $50,000,000 will, of course, have to be appropri­ care of the certificates at the end o:f the 20 years, and also to ated later, and can only be looked upon as a deferring of the take care of the cash payments for the first three years, there matter. would have to be appropriated $155,000,000 :for the year 1926. Mr. BYRNS of Tennessee. ~. Chairman, will the gentle­ Mr. SANDLIN. Yes. man yield? Mr. BYRNS o:f Tennessee. I understand this bill carries Mr. SANDLIN. Yes. $62,000,000 fo~ that purpose. !1192~ C0NGR.ESSION AIJ RECORD-HOUSE 2665

:Mr. SANDLIN. That is.true.. . a reading of this., bill and the appropri-ation bills which have­ Mr BYRNS of Tennessee. So that really- there is a. dis-­ gone-before will be a full ans-wer to any such criticism, I do crepa'ncy of $93,000,00() between the figures carried in this bill not know that this Congress has ever refused yet to consider and the figures of the actuary which were presented ~o the favorably any legislation looking especially to the rehabilitation~ House and upon which the House acted when the adJusted and compensation of disabled soldiers, and it was, of course, compensation bill was passed. 0 their duty, and I am sure the representatives of the people Mr. SANDLIN. As I understand it, the gentleman agrees here have·tried to do so faithfully and cheerfully. with me that this is just a deferring.of the appropriation. In referenCe to the Interstate Commerce Commission let Mr. BYRNS of Tennessee. Absolutely; and I wanted to em­ me say that the appropriation for 1925 was $4,641,804:. The phasize the fact tha~ there are $93,000,000 that have to be Budget estimate for 1926, regular, annual, and supplemental, taken care of at some time in the future. was $4,913,500. The amount recommended in the bill is Mr. STEPHENS.· And why is not that provided fOT now? $6,853,963, .or an increase of $1,940,462 over the estimate of the Mr. BYRNS of Tennessee. I think that is a very pertinent Budget. ~~~ 0 Gentlemen of the committee, the transportation act of 1920 · Mr. SANDLIN. It is not provided for now because there placed many additional burdens upon this commission. If you has not been that number of ·applications received for certifi­ will read the hearings you will see- in detail there presented in cates that was estimated would be received by this. time,. a very force-ful manner by the officials of the· National Indus­ although it is felt by all that they wilL.finally come· in. They trial League, who represented the shippers· of this country, are merely deferred, and after these first certificates go out who had the facts -and figures and the faculty of presenting it is expected that that would stir the matter up in the various them to the committee, the needs of the shippers of this conn­ districts and that veterans will then begin to file. their appli­ try with reference to the activities-of the Interstate Commerce cations. Commission. As far as . I know, there was-no demand from 1\Ir. BYRNS of Tennessee. Is there not another· answer to any' of the railroads· of the country for an increase for- this . the question, and that is.that if the $93,000,000 had beeiL.app.ro­ commission. Of course you readily understand that the acti\Ti­ priated in this bill it would have increased the.. appropriations ties of ·· the Interstate Commerce Commission· are to deal di­ for. 1926 over those of 1925? rectly with individuals from all sections of the country. We l\Ir. SAl\l)LIN. I shall letr the, gentleman and those1in . the. have giv:en them th~ power under. different acts here to regu­ House who are interested draw·their own conclusions,in .respect late the fi:eight · rates of the country, to• value the· railroads,. to that. and numerous other duties.; and if there is any. one- thing that · l\Ir. SUMl\lERS of Washington. Mr. Chairman, will the gen-.. the people of. this country demand and a~ for and which . they tleman yield? do. not-get- in many-i.Iistanees ·it is. that the transactions they· Mr. SANDLIN~ Yes. have with the Government · are done in a• businesslike and· Mr. SUMl\fERS of Washington. The gentleman would not' prompt manner. I will say· that n-otwithstanding the·fact that see any good. reason for-· making-an appropriation before it was the' income tax law·wa.s, of course, not popular-no tax law is required by the bureau. ,Pop.ular~but_ in• my district I heard more complaints from the · ~Ir:- SAl\!)LIN. l:"alliJ not criticizing this. I am just giving people about the manner in which their taxes we-re handled the House the.informatiorr and letting the House know that_this ·than about the' am{)unt of ~ tax: .they• had to pay. If this Con­ ~ppropriation wilLhave to come later.' gress· can .do anything in reference to the Interstate Commerce llli'. SUMMERS-of Washington. I understand the gentlemaru Commission or any department .or activity of this Gover-nment ~s not, but 1 understood the gentleman•from Tennessee-- that .would bring about .a •more prompt action in·the·dealings of ,- Mr. BYRNS· of Tennessee: Mr: Chairman, if the gentleman the· various . Government. departments with ·the· people, why I :mrr permit, the.. gentleman· from 'V-ashington voted · for the thiiik that should be done. It matters not whether we are in adjusted compensation act, I believe? :.favor of the transportation act and all its provisions. It is a· Mr. SUMMERS of Wirshingtont Yes. law. Snme of the Members of the House do not believe-it was Mr. BYRNS of Tennessee. I •did not. The gentleman· voted· wise for that-law to carry many of the· pPovisions, such· as the for it on· the assumption that a ce:cti:ficate ·fund was going t() be recapture and valuation- clauses, but, gentlemen, it is a law~ provided. which the. gentleman no doubt boasted back1 in his and rrow if you.. want- that' law carried into effect there is no district-- way- to do it except to give this commission sufficient funds to Mr. SUMMERS of W.ashington. Oh, I never boast about ad..i:ninister it properly, and: after a full hearing_ it was decided anything. by the committee to raise the estimate of the Budget in the · Mr. SANDLIN~ I hope the_gentlemen will: not take up too ­ amount that I have indicated. much of my time: In reference to the recapture clause, which was under djs­ · Mr. BYRNS of Tennessee. And which other gentlemen over cussion a few minutes ago, there· has been paid into the Treas­ the country claimed would take care of the. bonus for. a little ury under protest $5,021,897.97. A major portion of this has over two billion dollars. I ask: the gentleman, if he wants to been paid under protest, and.. this contingent fund $as·not been meet the actuary's figures and •to appropriate from year to year available for· the uses contemplated in the statute. It is esti­ the amount n-ecessary to provide that fund, whether he is keep­ mated that the recapture service for the several past years is ing will faith with the people of this ·country, and· it not in the as follows~ 1920, $5',568,000 ; 1921, $12,500,000; 1922, $15,- end cost the Treasury more money than was contemplated-when. 000,000 ; 1923, $36,000,000; 1924, $25,000,000. the bill w.a s passed? : 1\fr. SUMMERS of Washington. We are keeping faith The Interstate CQmmerce Commission will necessarily have because we have made. the appropriation that has b'een . estl­ to have the final figures on valuation before these matters are JDated. definitely settled. It is for the Congress to determine whether they want to finish this work or let it stop right· here. The 1 1\Ir. BYRNS of Tennessee. You are •not making the a-ppro­ 'priation in accordance with the actuary's figures. The gentle­ commission tells us that if the appropriation is not increased man knows the excuse that only 50 per cent·have applied for they do not know when they can finish it, .and guessed at 6, certificates.now will not answer because they have three more 8, or 9, or 10 years in which they could probably complete it. years from now in which to make application. In connection with the appropriation for the Veterans' Bureau I will say-that the applications for adju.._c:ted compensation can :Mr. SUMMERS of Washington. But we do not want to J]lake the appropriation. two years in advance. be filed up to January 1, 1928, and on the 1st of January there l\lr. SANDLIN. 1\fr. Chairman, I would ask. that I be not had been received in the Veterans' Bureau a total of 1,439,698 claims, with an aggregate value. of certificates issued of $739,- ~nterrupted until I ' get along further with my remarks. The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from Louisiana asks that 241,498. It is my opinion, and. I agree with the gentleman from lle be not interrupted -for the present. Indiana [Mr. Wi:>on], that the National Advisory Committee 1\lr. SANDLIN. Under the head of vocational rehabilitation '.for Aeronautics are doing_a splendid work. This board is com­ lhere is a decrease of $51,000,000 from the amount carried in posed of experts serving without pay. A gentleman from John the bill for 1925. The law- provides that application for voca­ Hopkins University is at the head of it. I think he holds the ~ional training had to be made prior to Jrine 30, 1923, hence chair of economics there, and the President said in sul1mitting ·the number f)f trainees are fast declining. -the tenth annual report to the committee, speaking of the na- . Gentlemen of the committee, if there are any people in this· -tional advisory-committee: )tountry who are disposed· to crUicize Congress for not·meeting Through this committee the talent of America have lJ~~D marshalled ~hat responsibility which they as representatives of the Ameri• in a scientific study of the problems of :flight with the ~~W..t that to­ ~an people should meet in not fully meeting' the expectations· of day America occupies a position in the forefront of p~Qfgiitlli§iV~ !lations "~ §9J!ti~!-"S a~.q t'hose who are interested in them, I think· that ~g ~ ~~~! .clavelopment of aeronautics. 2666 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JANUARY 29

I believe that if any Member of this House will read th~ 1\Ir. SANDLIN. I am not altogether without fear but I wil1 hearings on this bill he will b.ecome· convinced that this country say this, that the amount appropriated for this purpose under is well abreast and probably ahead of all other nations with · the Shipping Board was the amount recommended by the respect to the progress it has made in technical development of Budget and by the Shipping Board and Admiral Palmer. I do aeronautics. Although we know that we can not compare in not know whether the House should make it any larger. numbers with certain other cotmtries, in the number of air­ Mr. OLIVER of Alabama. You take the Middle 'Vest and ships that they have, yet in technical development I think we the Mississippi Valley Association; I think they have 'some are well abreast of them or probably ahead of all of them. fear that this cutting of the appropriation will result seriou ly Mr. STENGLE. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield in the reduction of some very important trade routes that are there for a question? - - now maintained. M:r. SANDLIN. Yes. Mr. SA~'DLIN. I hope it will not be so. Mr. STENGLE. I have carefully read over the report of the Mr. McDUFFIE. 1\lr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield~ hearings of the gentleman's committee, and I have discovered Mr. SANDLIN. Yes. , nothing in the report by way of explanation of the so-called Mr: McDUFFIE.. May I ask the gentleman how many ships Bureau of Efficiency. When the distinguished chairman of the Admiral Palmer thmks he can keep in operation under the committee was on the floor I asked of him why he skipped over amount you authorize? · · that in liis descriptions. Will the gentleman, as the I'anking Mr. SANDLIN. Something like 275. Member of the minority side, try to explain to us, if possible, Mr. McDUFFIE. What is the number of ships operatinoo why we should waste $150,000 on that so-called Bureau of now? Is it 325? b Efficiency? Mr. SANDLIN. Not quite so many now, I think. Mr. SANDLIN. Well, of course in all legislative bodies we Mr. McDUFFIE. As a matter of fact, has not the ship serv­ have experts of different kinds, men who are more or less ice been more or less curtailed as the House has decreased the familiar with different questions; and the gentleman who has appropriations? just asked the question, which is a legitimate one, is an expert Mr. SANDLIN. '~rbat is true; yes, sir. on the matter about which he is talking. He has, of course, Mr. McDUFFIE. Now, did Admiral Palmer sugge t to made a study of those questions. I can say that I do not the committee that he might be able to reduce the expendi­ believe that there is any board of governmental activity that tures in the way of making radical reductions in the person­ could be of more benefit than the Bureau of Efficiency~ · nel, or did he intimate or suggest that he would necessarily Mr. STENGLE. If properly operated. .have to curtail the actual number of ships that are in t11e Mr. SANDLIN. Yes; if properly operated. But that is a service? matter of administration. I want to say this to the gentleman Mr. SANDLIN. ne said both. He expected to reduce the from New York, who is well qualified to discuss this question, appropriation by curtailing the personnel and also by a rear­ probably better than any other Member of this House, that rangement of the routes. it is only through the Bureau of Efficiency, or the Bureau I want to say to the committee that there is no Member of of the Budget, that we can hope to secure the degree of effi­ this body who is more interested in this subject than my elf. ciency that we desire. I asked the head of the Bureau of When I first came here I could not see how Conzress was Efficiency if he was called on by the Bureau of the Budget justified in spending forty or fifty million dollars fo; the mer­ to go into those particular departments and see their work­ chant marine over and above what they were getting. But ings and see if changes could be made for the better, or in especially -to these Representatives of the West and South is other words, to bring about a greater efficiency, and he replied this a very important question. As I said a moment ago I that they were doing that, and that they were doing more am glad a study of it is being made by such an able committee and more to promote efficiency. That is what this body is as is studying it at this time. A large steel corporation is look­ doing. ing after its exports with its own fleet. Mr. STENGLE. Why has not the gentleman's committee The great oil companies of this country are looking after made some report here in detail to give some excuse to this their exports with their fleets. Henry l!'ord is going into the House for the continuation of a bureau which in actuality shipping business. He has already built two ships and, I under­ has only been doing theoretical work with respect to efficiency? stand, is going to build more, but there is nobody to look after Mr. SANDLIN. The gentleman can ask the gentleman who the great sections of the country in the West and South or the prepared the report. So far as I am concerned, I hope the exporters from all over the country except the Congress of the Bureau of Efficiency will not be abolished. If it is not per­ United States. I will say to the Members from the cotton­ forming the functions for which it was created there should growing States that last year 50 per cent of the cotton of tllis be somebody put at the bead of it that will perform so that country was exported in ships belonging to the United States Members of this House can know what is going on in the and over 30 per cent of the wheat was exported in tho e ships. departments. Think what it would mean in case of a war here or a war 1\!r. STENGLE. To all of which I say "Amen!" across the water, where the ships of other counhies would be Mr. SANDLIN. Gentlemen, with reference to the Shipping taken away. We know what it would mean, as we ha6 with reference to shipping in this country which wlll last Coonnerce (Oct. 31, 1924) ---~~------2, 775 9, 002 11,777 11, 660 9, 903 over a period of. at least 5, 10, or 15 years. Labor______632 3,302 3, 834 3, 748 2,504 Government Printing Office______4,300 4,300 4, 094 4, 028 Mr. OLIVER of Alabama. I agree fully with the statement Smithsonian Institution ____ ~------48.5 485 488 784 mane by the gentleman, but pending action by Congress Interstate Commerce Commission_____ 1,158 255 1, 413 1, 542 2, 243 surely Congress should not by indirection encourage the Ship­ Civil Service Commission______343 132 475 498 2ro Bureau of Efficiency __ ------47 ------47 49 ZT ping Board or the Emergency Fleet Corporation to discontinue :~dffi?l Trade COIDID.ission_ ------282 36 318 315 238 some of these trade routes which Congress has directed should ppmg Board------~------~-- a 1,142 2, 505 3, 647 Railroad Administration______371 17 388 3, 115 ------be established, and a diminution in the appropriation, as I Alien Property Custodian______97 97 577 ------understand the gentleman, is not to be construed in any way Tariff C-ommission.______= 203 -----ll 214 114 ------200 ------as a direction to the Emergency Fleet Corporation or to the Employees' Compensation Commission 72 72 73 Federal Board for Vocational Educa- Shipping Board to discontinue these routes. tion_ ___ ------___ _ 71 74 Panama Canal (June 30, 1924) ______Mr. SANDLIN. That is roy understanding. 8,890 8,890 19,291 1\l"r. McDUFFIE. May I interrupt to suggest this; Would Superintendent State, War, and Navy Building______1, 600 ------1,600 I. 520 217 lt not be well for the Congress to write into this bill, if Railroad Labor Board (June 30, 1924) ___ ------67 67 67 possible, its intention in tbat regard, so that the Shipping General Accounting Office_------1, 990 ------­ l, 990 2,042 Board may well understand the position of Congress in that VC;terans' BureaU------5, M6 22, MO '1:1,986 • 'n,035 Miscellaneous______4 700 250 respect? 4 950 c 950 165 ------r----~-----~--- Mr. LOZIER. Will the gentleman yield? Totai_ --~------66,224 493, 754 o59, 978 oM, 986 438,057 Mr. SANDLIN. Yes. Mr. LOZIER. Is it not a fact that much more of our ton- 1 D~ not include legislative, judicial, military, or naval services. or the District of nage would be carried in American bottoms if it were not for Columbia. b ..... n 2 Includes 13,200 clerks .at third-class officeS, 203 screervwagon contractors 175 car· the fact t at a great many of the railroads J.U:LVe poo~g and riers for offices having special supply, 5.315 clerks in charge of contract stations 10 927 txuffic agreements with British steamship companies by which star route contractors, 285 steamboat contractors, and 138 clerks in charge dr r~al the tonnage originating on their lines is diverted to foreign stations. Does not include 36,100 clerks at fourth-class "Offices, because not paid by steamships? :0~~~-:~ent, and 21,100 mail messengers, because n-ot included in previous com- 1\lr. SANDLIN. The statement made by the gentleman from 'Includes administrative office of Emergency Fleet Corporation, but not workmen Missouri, I think, is entirely correct and it is borne out by the · at shipyards or in warehouses or employees on vessels. hearings held on this bill. • Approximate. l\lr. BAJ\"KHEAD. I would like \ery much to have the gen- With reference to the Federal Trade Commission, we in- tleman give an expression of his opinion as to the suggestion creased the recommendation of the Budget $58,000. This made by the gentleman from Alabama [Mr. McDUFFIE], be- activity of the Government, gentlemen of the ·commtttee I cause I regard that as of very extreme importance. believe is one in which the great majority of the people' of lUr. SANDLIN. Well, speaking for myself, I would be will- this country should be interested, if they are not. ing to write into this bill some expression carrying out the The effect of the order issued by the .Federal Trade Com­ views suggested by the gentleman from Alabama [Mr. McDur- mission on July 21, 1924, in what was known as the Pittsburgh FIE]. You understand, however, that the board .-Said this: Plus case, was brought out in the hearings, and it was shown " This is all we need; we can operate this year by a rearrange- that the steel industries in Chicago or in that section of the ment of routes and by the disposition of certain vessels." Then country had been adding to the price of steel $7.50 to cover the committee, I believ.e, would be in this position: We woulu the freight from Pittsburgh to that section of the country. say, · "Gentlemen, take $2,000,000 or more, or $3,000,000 or It was testified by Judge Van Fleet, who is now at the head $4,000,000" whatever the amount might be, " and do what you of this bureau, and an excellent gentleman, I believe, who think best with it." That is the position the committee was in. seems to be very much interested in his work, that that order .Mr. BA.NKHEAD. I want to say to my friend I did not alone saved the purchasers of steel in this country $30,000,000. wish to intimate any criticism whatever of the committee, Another member of the commission stated that in the building because 1 think the action of the committee was thoroughly in of the Federal Reserve Bank Building at Chicago it cost the accord with its duty. Wl1en the executive officers or the ad- Government, by reason of this addition to the freight rates, ministrative officers of this Shipping Board or Emergency $60,000 because the building was built ·before this order to Fleet -Corporation come and say they can get along with that desist went into effect. amount, of course, it is not the duty of the committee to sug- There are some other matters I would like to discuss, but gest an increase in it. I do not care to take up any more time of the committee. l\Ir. SAl\TDLIN. I understand that, I will say to the gen- Let me say in conclusion that I am thoroughly in accord with tleman from Alabama. the gentleman from South Carolina [Mr. BYRNEs], when he .2668 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE

discusses the necessity for a cessation in the creation of any any officer or employee of any department or establishment unless at more governmental activities. Some Member speaks about the request of either House of Congress. this nearly every day. I have heard this nearly every day .Mr. WILSON of Louisiana. I understand that, but does that Congress has been in session for the last four years, that preclude the committee from bringing the beads of that which covers the time I have had the pleasure and honor of department before the committee and getting freely all the serving with you here. We will never get anywhere, gentle­ information which the committee may want before they act? men of the committee, by talking about it. Do you know Mr. SANDLIN. My answer to the. question is that it has what we are doing? We are simply pursuing the course of not done so, and the bearings will show conclusively that we least resistance. We have a demand from this class of peo­ have brought the beads of all the departments before us that ple or from this section of the country to give them a certain are affected by this bill activity, and rather than explain to them that they should not Mr. WILSON of Louisiana. Then under the Budget law have that activity or that it is not good for them or the the Committee on Appropriations is able to get all the infol·ma­ country, we simply go ahead and say nothing, and when the tion it wants from the various departments and to pursue its matter comes up in nine cases out of ten we vote for it. own course as to whether or not it increases or decreases the I think probably what is required is just a little more com·­ appropriation. age and a little more energy: But we do not like to explain Mr. SANDLIN. Of course, the heads of the department do to these people that they are asking for something that will not ask for an increa~e, but I will say to the gentleman that put additional burdens on the taxpayers. It is a hard job to the committee can get full information in regard to the needs do this, and we usually just go ahead and vote for such meas­ of the different departments. ures. Anyone who serTes on this committee which handles the Mr. WILSON of Louisiana. But under the Budget law appropliations for independent offices has only to look back a there is nothing to keep the Committee on Appropriations few years and see what large amounts have grown from such from pursuing its own course? small beginnings. These establishments will start out prob­ Mr. SANDLIN. The law provides not only that the offi­ ably with one bureau head and one or two stenographers and cials of the Budget but heads of departments shall come be­ will probably have an appropriation of $10,000 or $15,000 or fore the committee by request and the committee can ques­ $20,000, and then in a few years, gentlemen of the committee, tion them. it will run into the millions. Mr. WILSON of Louisiana. ~ow, relative to the rehabili­ :Mr. GREE.~. Will. the gentleman yield? tation of the World War veterans. Has the committee in all :Mr. SANDLIN. Yes. instances made provision for the amount necessary for build­ Mr. GREEN. I entirely agree with what the gentleman ing, construction, and maintenance of hospitals? bas said, and I presume tbe gentleman has also observed that 1\Ir. SANDLIN. We have allowed for all requests made. when they get a bureau created they not only use their own I have a letter from General IIine in response to a question efforts to magnify its importance and increase the number of I asked him, and he says that they have all the money needed employees, but they do their best to start a backfire behind for each and all hospitals. Members of Congress sometimes in order to have some addi­ Mr. W A.SON. Mr. Chairman, I yiel

PRINCIPAL DUTIES OF TTIE CO.M:MODITY COlLlliTTEES OF THE REGIO)ery; 1. To analyze and keep currently informed as to the relation and one of the communities with the functions, organization, anti tha adequacy of transportation service to their industry. purposes of the regional advisory boards. 2. To keep abrea t with the economic conditions confronting their (e) To aid any of the commodity committees thus to obtain the industry, with a >iew of determining periodically the approximate support of individual units of their industry located in the differene volume of production, consumption, and shipping within the board specific centers. tet·ritory. Although these boards are of recent origin, the service they 3. To represent the shippers and consumer of the particular com­ have rendered has undoubtedly been of great value to the modity with the railroads as a whole in each board territory on all shippers as a whole and more especially to that of agriculture-. questions of transportation service and car supply. One of the outstanding complaints in the past has been th~ 4. To study trade channels and dL<>tribution practices in their rela­ inadequate car supply available in times of peak movement, tion to transportation service and car supply, with a view of effecting particularly as related to the movement of livestock and grain improvements in th l methods or distribution and marketing and the elimination of economic and transportation waste between producer -where considerable loss was sustained by the grower. · - and consumer. Aside from the efforts of the railroads to improve transpor· 5. 'l'o informally adjust all questions or complaints between the tation conditions by putting into service more than 6,000 new carriers and their industry. locomotives and more than 346,000 new freight cars during the 6. To deal jointly with other board committees on service questions past two years ; amongst the principal factors to bring about of mutual interest. the -present improved conditions are the following instances of 7. To bring about a better understanding of sen-ice requirements constructive actions taken by the boards resulting from the and regulations and to give the railroads a clear conception of the reports and studies made by the commodity committees by an· shippers' or public viewpoint relatiYe to the needs of their industry­ ticipating their car requirements for 60 to 90 days in advance to serve as a definite channel through which the American Railway of the movement: Association will handle que ·tions of service pertaining to each indus­ 1. UNIFORll RULES FOR DISTRIB'C'TIO)< OF GRAIX CARS try--and it is e~ected that each commodity committee will not. only At country points in the Northwest there are three interests which keep the car service division adequately informed rf'garding the dif­ maintain elevators at which farmers may dispose of their grain. First. ferent factors of its bu&ine s and its transportation requirements, but is the " line " elevator whose ownership is in the larger terminal grain will undertake to aid in the enforcement of all car ervice and operat­ interests who own a chain or line of eleyators .at country points ; ing regulations neccs ary to bring about the service demanded. second, the independent elevator, which is owned by an individual or s. 'l'he car service division will file all of its current reports with company for profit; and third, the cooperati>e elevator, which is a board members, wh, are requested to analyze them carefully and make nonprofit elevator cooperatively owned by producing farmers in the such criticism and sugge ·tlons from their viewpoint as they believe territory from which the elevator draws its grain. Prior to 1923 a will more clearly demonstrate the needs of their particular industry. large grain crop and a car shortage were mot·e or less coincident. At Orders of the car service dh·ision affecting service and car supply will such times there developed a diversity of opinion as to the basis for be filed with the members of the board, and in cases where a condition distribution of cars between the three types of elevators. The matte1• arises necessitating, the withdrawal or increase of car supply in any had been before the State regulatory bodies in the West,· before the one district through orders of the car senice dirtsion, this condition legislati>e branches of the Government, and had even been brought and neces ity will be Rubmitted to board members and their advice before the Federal body, the Interstate Commerce Commission at Wash­ and suggestions solicited in order that the activities of the car service ington, D. C., for solution. IIowe>er, none of the solutions offered by· division will conform to public need in each district. any of these tribunals had been entirely satisfactory to all interests Each commodity committee through its chairman or vice chairman, so it was only natural that upon for.mation of the northwest regional who are members of the regional advisory board, is required to pre­ adnsory board that the grain-car distribution rule should be placed sent a written report at each board meeting covering: before that body for solution. Here, however, a different procedure A. General business conditions affecting their industry in as much was followed. Instead of the entire board of disinterested industries detail as practicable, including status of their production; stocks, if passing judgment on the question it was referred to the grain com­ any; consumption as indicated by orders, etc. It is not expected that mittee composed of representatives of the line, independent, and co­ this information is to be given for indi>idual concerns, but that it operatiYe ele.-ators, who were instructed to write their own rules. will be consolidated into one report covering the entire district by This procedure soon developed the fact that the contention was not the commodity committee. Uniform report blanks, or questionnaires, between the carriers and the grain interests but between the different which may be decided as appropriate by the committee will be fur­ grain interests. After two months of conference and consideration the nished in as large a quantity as desired by the di tl'ict manager. grain committee brought forth a set of rules in which the three in­ B. Prospective transportation needs for ·the next 90 day by giving terests were in agreement. These rules were then put into effect with the approximate number of cars required to move the product~, or by the approval of the Interstate Commerce Commission and have since giving the relation in volume of the prospective mo.ement as com­ worked without complaint against "blocked" elevators. pared with the previous 90 days, and the similar period previous year. [NOTE.-Blocked elevators are elevatot·s which are filled to their C. ActiYities in detail of the committee, ot· its individual members, capacity and can not receive additional grains until relieved of the in their dealings with the carriers since the la t board meeting, in­ congestion by shipments.] cluding the disposition made of questions which may have arisen. D. Whether railroad service and car supply has been satisfactory 2. UNIFOllll RATIXG FOR SA WlHLLS since last board meeting. This matter was disposed of by the southeast regional advisory ID. What, if anything, the railroads can do, as related to service, board. As in the grain distribution rule above cited, there was here, to aid in solving any distribution problems confronting the industL·y. too, a diversity of opinion. The basis on which such ratings were pre­ F. Steps taken by the committee to insure efficient use of railroad pared is as follows: That the rating of all sawmills, large or small, on equipment and facilities especially as related to- all railroads, including short lines, fot· car supply shall be as nearly 1. Heaviest practicable loacling per car. tlniform as practicable, and production from November, 1922, to April, 2. Prompt loading and unloading. 1923, inclusive, is recommended as the !Jasis; 20,000 feet shall uni­ 3. Limiting use of order bills of lading to practical necessities. formly be used as an arbitrary estimate for yellow-pine loading pel.' 4. Avoiding practice of placing cars "in transit" without definite car ; hardwood, 15,000 feet per car. de tination wherever po sible. "\\here mills are located at competitive points, the aggregate produc­ 5. Limiting practices which prompt misuse of reconsigning. tion thereof shall be subdivided, baSed on perc£ntage of business ordi­ DUTIES OF THE CHA1InER OF CmBIERCE COMliiTTEES OF THE REGIOXAL narily gi>en the respective roads by such mills in times of car P.lenty. .ADVISORY BOARD The reference made here to the feetage basis is to be used where a (a) Terminal service questions-movement in termiD;als less than particular mill did not operate during the entire time from November, carload arrangements-adequacy of car supply. 1922, to April, 1923, or to be used as .a basis when rating mills com­ mencing operation since that time. (b) Adoption and enforcement of necessary tran. portation regula­ tions as they apply to terminal mo>ements and urban loa

-4. TERMINAL P!IRlSHABLil COMMITTEES cause for the formation of the regional advisory board. The shippers of Through the perishable committees on the various boards there were North Dakota. have seen a steady improvement in the transportation organized in 65 of the largest cities a subcommittee of dealers in fruits situation since the formation of the board and have seen the railroads nnd vegetables, in an endeavor to accomplish a more speedy release of serving North Dakota move in the past months without a car shortage equipment from load, in order that the equipment could be returned to or without any serious complaint one of the largest crops· the State origin territory. This has resulted in a 100 per cent car supply in has ever grown. California for the first time. Last July, when the board had its meeting at Fargo and when Mr. Betts told those present at that meeting that cars would be provided lS. RELOCATION OF EQUIPMENT to move the crop regardless of bow large it might be there was con­ Through the voluntary cooperation of shippers in observance of the siderable doubt expressed as to the ability of the railro~ds, even though car-service rules there has been a more general movement of equipment they had the full cooperation of the American Railway Association and to the territory where it is needed thltn wa.s the case under mandatory the regional advisory board, to move the crop without serious delays at orders. This in itself is of benefit to industry by having equipment times. built by the carriers for its industries located on home rails. • • • • • • • 6. RACK CARS FOR PULP-WOOD SERVICE I could burden you with many figures to substantiate the fact that In the territory of the Atlantic States board complaint was made by North Dakota's crop per farm was 1'10rth more in 1924 than the crop one of the large users of pulp wood that due to the carrier serving them in any other agricultural State. These figures,• however, are readily available to all through our Department of Agriculture. substituting open-top cars for rack cars, as had been customarily fur­ * • • • • • • nished, they were put to extra e~ense in unloading and inconYenience in plant operations. This ease was submitted to the paper committee Respectfully Sllbmitted. of the A.tlantie States board and in conference with the earrler involved ------, nrranged to llave sufficient box cars converted to rack cars for this Vice Ohait·man, North Dal~ota. service. As sb9wn in the minutes of the proceedings of the meetinO's 7, HANDLING OF COMPRESS TICKETS everyone interested in transportation matters affecting the c:r Cotton is floated on a cotton bill of lading, which lading is taken up supply of the country are afforded an opportunity to bave by the cotton dealer's banker at concentration point and is held by the their transportation difficulties given due consideration and banker as collateral. When the carriers deliver the cotton to the com­ a re~edy suggested. As an example of the eighth formal preEs they take up a compress receipt or ticket for each bale of cotton meetrng of the Northwest Regional Advisory Board, beld at delivered, and -deliver such tickets to the banker and take up the conn­ Fargo July 22, 1924, the following members are reported try !Jill of lading. The banker now holds the coropress receipts or tick­ present: £ts us collateral. In the meantime the dealer, who bas been kept ad­ :Mr. Frank Milbollan, acting ehairman, Bismarck, N. Dak., North vised, proceeds to select into even running grades the cotton for the Dakota Railroad Commission. market, and then directs the compress to press and mark ancl load into Mr. W. P. Chestnut, Fat-go, N. Dak., Fat·go Commercial Club. cars the number of bales called for in the spinner's order. When the Mr. P. J. ~oleman, Minneapolis, Minn., car service division, A. R. A. loading is com[llete, on a certificate to this effect issued by the carrier's Mr. H. S. Davies, Minot, N. Dak., Minot Daily News. tnspector in charge at the compress, the railroad issues the forwarding Mr. H. E. Daley, representing Ur. J. R. Beggs, St. Paul, Minn., bill of lading to the dealer, who takes same to tbe banker, wllo in turn J. R. Beggs Co. delivers to him an equal number of compress tickets as thel'e are bales of cotton covered by the bills of lading, and the dealer delivers these Mr. F. R. Durant, Minneapolis, Minn., the Grain Bulletin. tickets back to the compress for cancellation and the satisfying of rec­ Mr. J. L. Enright, Wilton, N. Dak.., Washburn Lignite Coal Co. . ord . The banker makes draft on the spi.n.ner or his agent, the dt-aler Mr. H. A. Feltus, ~.linneapolis, Minn., the Van Dusen Harrington Co. is credited with the proceeds, and all records are closed at the com­ Mr. F. L. French, representing J. F. Reed, St. Paul, Minn., Minne- sota Farm Bureau Federation. press point. Delay to cotton a.nd equipment at compress points due to cotton Mr. Edward J. Fisher, Minneapolis, Minn., Northern Pine Manu­ arriving in advance of the cotton bill and refusal of carriers to give to facturers' Association. compress in exchange for compress ticket until arrival of bill was caus­ Mr. R. F. Gunkelma.n, Fargo, N. Dak., North Dalrota Farmers' ing some dissatisfaction in Oklahoma. Upon submission to the south­ Grain Dealers' Association. west board a.n arrangement was worked out whereby cotton was deli"v­ Mr. G. 0. Rage, Crookston, Minn., Red River Development Associa­ ered to compress and tic.kets taken and held by carrier in lieu of cotton tion. Mr. Fay Harding, Bism'arck, N. Dak., North Dakota Railroad Com­ or billing. mission. 8. LOADING WET SAND IN BOX CABS Mr. G. A. Heinze, Minneapolis, Minn., DeSoto Creamery & Produce At certain sand-load~ng points ln the Southeast it was the practice Co. of some loade~:s to Joad Btlnd into box cars by hydraulic method,a. This Mr. Paul H. Kirk, St. "paul, Minn., United States Department of washing of sand into ears was very destructive to the equipment, due Agriculture. to deterioration. Some carriers permitted such· loading, while other Mr. L. W. Kube, South St. Paul, Minn., St. Paul Union Stock Yards carriers forbid tlte practice. Upon recommendation of the Southeast Co. regional board the practice of refusing box cars for such loading was Mr. S. M. Low, St. Paul, Minn., Minnesota By-Products Coke Co. made uniform. Mr. C. W. McDonnell, Bismarck, N. Dak., North Dakota Railroad 9. USE OF HARLEM RIVER FACILITIES OF DELAWABJ!l, LACKAWANNA & Commission. WESTEitN EXTENDED TO :BA.LTID.JORE & OHLO RAILWAY Mr. J. C. O'Connell, Minneapolis, Minn., assistant secretary. For some years the Baltimore & Ohio Railway had enjoyed the use Mr. H. C. Possehl, Baker, Minn., Minnesota. Potato Growers' Ex- o! the Harlem River facHities of the Delaware, Lackawanna & Western. change. Owing to the increasing use of the facilities by the Delawar~. Lacka­ Mr. W. H. Perry, Minneapolis, Minn., Pillsbury Flour Mills Co. wanna. & Western, the contractual agr~ement with the Baltimore & Au. A. B. Pratt, Minneapolis, Minn., Northern States Power Co. Ohio having expired, it was necessary for the latter line to withdraw Mr. A. A. D. Rnhn, Minneapolis, Minn., Shevlin-Carpenter & Clarke its service from this station. Unable to immediately secure other Co. facilities, the Atlantic States board was successful in consummating an Mr. J. W. Raish, Pierre, S, Dak., South Dakota Railroad Commis­ agreement with the Delaware, Lackawanna & Western whereby the sion. use of the Harlem transfer was extended to the Baltimore & Ohio for a Mr. Walter R. Reed, Fargo, N. Dak., North Dakota Farm Bureau period of 90 days, al\d in the interim the Baltimore & Ohio provided Federation. the necessary faclHtles. Mr. M. H. Strothman, Minneapolis, Minn., Washburn-Crosby Co. As an indication of the results of these organizations the Mr. C. T. Vandenover, Min,neapolis, Minn., Southern Minnesota Mills. following report from the first vice chairman of the Northwest Mr. Alva H. Benton, Fargo, N. Dak., Department of Marketing and Regional Advisory Board, rendered as a summary of conditions Rural Finance, Agricultural College. in North Dakota since the organization of that body, represents Mr. Louis Bender, Wheaton, Minn., Farmers' Elevator Co. tlte feeling on. the part of farmers and agricultural shippers Mr. F . •E. Carmack, Grandin, N. Dak., Farmers' Elevator Co. who have been intimately associated with the board: Mr. J. G. Diamon(l. Grand Forks, N. Dak., United ~tates Department of Agriculture. NORTHWEST REGIO~AL ADVISORY BOARD, Janua1·y 19, 1925. Mr. J. M. Etiman, Mapleton, N. Dak., Farmer-Inventor. • • • • • • • Mr. S. A.. Eddy, Minneapolis, Minn., Cunard Stt-amship Co. (Ltd.). At our first meeting, two yt-ars ago, North Dakota shippers had just 1\lr. R. E. Esthagen, Fargo, N. Dak. gone througb one of the worst transportation tie-ups in the State's Mr. Charles E. Gage, Washington, D. C., Department of Agriculture. history. In fact, the vet·y !act that such an unprecedented shortage· of Mr. H. W. Gearey, Fargo, N. Dak., mayor of Fargo and represent- cars and general tie-up of transportation had taken place was a di1·ect ing Merchants' National Bank. 1925 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 2671!

Mr. T. Haggen, Wheaton, Minn., Farmers' Elevator Co. SOO LI~E Mr. P. Johansen, Wheaton, Minn., Wheaton Farmers' Cooperative Mr. W. C. Ranous, superintendent transportation, Minneapolis, 1\Iinn·. Elevator Co. Mr. G. W. Hawes, general agent, Minneapolis, Minn. Mr. J. J. Kelley, Grand Forks, N. Dak., The Kelly Co., East Grand Forks. · WEST~RN WEIGHING AND INSPECTION BUREAU Mr. W. G. Knowles, Moorhead, Minn., Leonard Crosset & Riley. Mr. C. M. Boyce, district manager, Minneapolis, .Minn. Mr. E. J. McGrath, Grand Forks, N. Dak., The Kelly Co., East 1\Ir. H. E. HelWig, assistant dib"'trict manager, Minneapolis, Minn. Grand Forks. Air. B. W. Nissen, agent, Fal'go, N. Dak. Mr. W. C. Macfadden, Fargo, N.Dak., North Dakota Bankers Associa- AliERICAN . MILWAY ASSOCIATION tion. 1\lr. Donald D. Conn, manager public relations section, ·car service Mr. James S. Milloy, Minot, N. Dak., Association of Commerce. division, Washington, D. C. Mr. G. E. Peterson, Fargo, N. Dak., the Commercial Club of Fargo. Mr. L. M. Betts, manager closed car section, car service division, Mr. Harry E. Reynolds, Fargo, N. Dak., McGrann-Reynolds Fruit Co., Washington, D, C. Fargo Commercial Club. Mr. C. Treat Spear, freight station section operating commi. sion, St. Mr. Fred Sudensticker, Wheaton, Minn., Farmers Elevator Co. . Paul, Minn. Mr. S. 0. Winge, Wheaton, 1\Iinn., Farmers Elevator Co. Mr. R. IT. Grant, car service agent, Minneapolis, Minn. RAILROAD REPRESENTATIVES PRESEXT 1\lr. B. T. O'Neill, car ser>ice agent, Minneapolis, Minn. BALTIMORE & OHIO RAILWAY I believe all familiar with past and present transportation Mr. George A. Upton, northwestern freight agent, Minneapolis, Minn. conditions will agree that through these organizations the pro­ CHIGAGO, MILWAGKEE & ST. PAUL IlAILWAY ducers and shippers of the country, esQecially the farmers, have been afforded channels through which they can assemble and Mr. James L. Brown, superintendent of transportation, Chicago, Ill. adjust many of their problems of distribution when related to Mr. Thomas J. Strapp, traveling freight agent, Minneapolis, Minn. transportation service. Appreciating the service rendered and Mr. J. H. Degnan, agent, Fargo, N. Dak. the object sought, I felt wru:ranted in asking for time to bring CHICAGO, ST. PAUL, MIXNEAPOLIS & OMAHA RAILWAY what appears ·to me to be a valuable service to the attention of Mr. G. L. Ossmann, car-service agent, St. Paul, Minn. the public. They represent a valuable contribution to the suc­ Mr. D. J. Shea, traveling freight agent, St. Paul, Minn. cess of agriculture and the most forward step in bringing about CIIICAGO & NORTII WESTEilN RAILWAY a harmonious understanding of the problems of agriculture on the part of the railroads and other industries of the country, Mr. D. J. Shea, traveling freight agent, St. Paul, Minn. and are worthy of encouragement and deserving of commenda­ CHICAGO GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY tion. Mr. R. B. Croll, superintendent car service, Chicago, Ill. Mr. SANDLIN. Mr. Chairman, I yield 10 minutes to the gen­ Mr. M. E. Johnson, traveling freight agent, St. Paul, Minn. tleman from Alabama [Mr . .McDUFFIE]. CHICAGO, ROCK ISLAND & PACIFIC RAILWAY Mr. McDUFFIE. Mr. Chairman and gentlemen of the com­ mittee, while I am in nowise an expert on the operation of the Mr. T. A. Matthews, jr., assistant general freight agent, Minneapolis, merchant marine, I belong to that class who are deeply inter­ Minn. ested in its success. Mr. W. W. Cameron, trainmaster, Esterville, Iowa. SHIPPI~G BOARD Mr. D. C. Barrows, traveling freight agent, Minneapolis, Minn. Much criticism has been lodged against the operation of the CHICAGO, INDIANAPOLIS ·, LOUISVILLE RAILWAY merchant marine and the Shipping Board during the past few Mr. J. 0. Shortall, general agent, Minneapolis, Minn. years. We must under tand that the problem is a stupenduous CHICAGO, BURLIXGTON & QUINCY RAILWAY one. Doubtless mistakes have been made. It is probably the Mr. E. M. Frank, tra;eling freight agent, St. Paul, Minn. biggest busine s in the world that our Government has under­ taken to establish. It takes time, and often a long time, to get ERIE RAILROAD such a business as this-the competition on the seven seas for Mr. W. R. Sibley, general agent, Minneapolis, Minn. our share of the commerce of the world-in operation in an Mr. L. T. Coulston, commercial agent, Minneapolis, Minn. orderly and succe sful manner. It is not so much the showing GREAT NORTHERN RAILWAY in actual money returns to the Trea ury from actual actiy-ities, Mr. John C. Roth, general superintendent transportation, St. Paul, though this phase must be considered with reference to some of Minn. the activities of the board. The greater service, after all, and Mr. James Robinsou, assistant general freight agent, St. Paul, Minn. the one you and I are deeply interested in is the return to our Mr. J. A. Nelson, chief freight claim agent, St. Paul, Minn. manufacturers -and producers, in the reduction of freight rates, Mr. W. D. O'Brien, general agent, St. Paul, Minn. and in finding and e tablishing markets for our products of field Mr. J. L. Rohan, general agent, Fargo, N. Dak. and factory. Stop our merchant marine and we will not only Mr. D. J. McCarthy, agent, Fargo, N. Dak. be at tlie mercy of the foreign shipper in the matter of rates, but our goods will reach foreign markets too late and, indeed, LEHIGH VALLEY RAILROAD after the goods of our neighbors, the other great nations, have Mr. A. P. Vanstrom, commercial agent, Minneapolis, Minn. already been placed upon those markets. Commissioner Hill MINKEAPOLIS & ST. LOUIS RAILROAD on December 8, in Chicago, made an excellent address to the Mr. E. J. Sturdevant, superintendent of transportation, Minneapolis, American Bureau Federation, in which he very aptly cited the Minn. busine s of the United States Steel Corporation and Standard Mr. E. A. Healey, traveling freight agent, Minneapolis, Minn. Oil Corporation to prove that commerce follows the :flag. This Mr. T. E. Smith, car distributor, Mipneapolis, Minn. was referred to a moment ago by the distinguished gentleman NORTHERN PACIFIC RAILWAY Mr. SA:r-.i>LIN. Commis ioner Hill said: Mr. P. H. McCauley, general superintendent of transportation, St. If we depend upon ·foreign ships to carry our exports, our products Paul, Minn. wlll not be the first to these markets. We should have our own mer­ l\lr. A. Tinling, assistant freight traffic manager, St. Paul, 1\Iinn. chant marine for this work. It should be galvanized into life, so that Mr. J. C. Simonton, assistant general freight agent, St. Paul, Minn. it would have the energy and enterprise of om· carrying trade of the Mr. J. M. Mooney, a si tant freight claim agent, St. Paul, Minn. nineteenth century. Then we could depend on our products being early Mr. Fred Brastrup, superintendent, Dilworth, Minn. in the foreign ports to claim their share of good prices. Also our ships Mr. J. L. Dullea, car distributor, Dilworth, Minn. would open new markets and make good their claim to preference in Mr. Edwin M. Grime, supervisor buildings and bridges, Fargo, N. Dak. these markets by precedence and. efficiency of service. An American Mr. J. W. Ilaw, agriculture development agent, St. Paul, Minn. merchant marine, ably supported and eq~ipped, is necessary to do this. Mr. il. H. Ellsworth, traveling freight agent, Jamestown, N. Dak. I believe, gentlemen, that the merchant marine justifies its .Mr. L. r. Gellerman, tra;eling passenger agent, St. Paul, ~inn. existence and the money we appropriate from the Treasury for Mr. L. R. Challoner, freight agent, Fargo, N. Dak. this purpo e is a "ise ancl necessary investment. I would Mr. L. T. Stodder, freight agent, Moorilead, Minn. direct your attention to a single instance where the Gulf ports Mr. M. L. Mikkelsen, passenger agent, Fargo, N. Dak. were congested with grain and the Shipping Board allocated Mr. H. A. Aberg, traveling car service agent, St. Paul, Minn. about 27 additional ve. els to the Gulf trade with the result NEW YORK CENTRAL LINES that the producers found a ready market for millions of Mr. A. L. Emns, general agent freight department, 1\linneapolis, bu hels of grain. Minn. It is most probable that this action of the Shipping Board Mr. D. S. Carricl, tra;eling freight agent, :Minneapolis, Minn. played an important part in the rise in the price of grain and 2672 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JANUARY 29 added hundreds and countless thousands of dollars to the operation of these ships, I think Admiral Palmer and the board wealth of the people o£ the West. should have the expression of the House in this regard. No "'\\'e make no money on the Alaskan Railroad. The Navy people in the country could be more interested in this question brings no money returns nor does our standing Ar.,ny and its than you-gentlemen from the great midwestern sections. The auxiliary forces. The Panama Canal has never until most operation of these ships will mean that your surplus wheat and recent years showed a good money investment. For the pres­ corn can always find a ready market. ent we must consider our merchant marine in the same light­ I have no desire to perpetuate the Government in the ship­ as that of a necessity for the general welfare of the Nation. ping business, nor do I wish to see it compete with private I am prepared to believe that after all, onr investment in ships, enterprise; I do not like Government operation of any business if properly managed, will return to onr Nation many times as a rule. Like many others I hope the day will soon come in wealth the actual dollars and cents now out of pocket to when private capital will take over our ships and operate them the American people in their efforts to put the Stars and under the American flag. Until, however, we can permanently Stripes upon the high seas and bring our producers in touc.J?. establish these trade routes and foreign connections for the wHh all the busy markets. of the. world. movement and marketing of our tonnage, private capital will May I say just here that the Shipping Board has recently . not rush into such an investment. Those who have given this handed down a decision that meets or should meet with the subject the greatest study know that it is most important and approval of the entire country. It is pr{)bably the biggest ac­ essential to our national commerce that we continue the Gov­ complishment of "the board in all its history. The decree or ernment operation of our ships to that end. Let me say "then, decision destroys a rate differential that existed between that in our wildest desire for economy we should not fail to north and south Atlantic and Gulf ports on tonnag~? to Europe. provide ample funds for this governmental activity which so This question has been agitated for some time by various vitally affects every section of the Nation. Members of Congress, the committee investigating the Ship­ Many who are interested primarily in the success of the mer­ ping Board, Senator FLETCHER and others. The Gulf section chant marine have been somewhat alarmed over a resolution in which I am primarily interested is elated! over the decision, which was adopted by the Shipping Board on December 22 and let me say; just here, that while I have had very sharp seeking to separate the functions and responsibilities of the personal and political differences with Commissioner Thomp­ Emergency Fleet Corporation from those of the Shipping Board son-these differences may exist in the future-yet in view of and delegating certain powers to the president of the Emer­ the importance of this decision to the Gulf territory as well gency Fleet Corporation. I here set out the resol'lltion in full, as the entire country, I accord to the Gulf commissioner full because I think every Member of Congress should be fully ad­ credit for the part he played in the accomplishment of the vised as to its provisions: desired result [Applause.] RESOLUTION ADOPTED BY TH» UNITED STATE:s SHIPPING BOARD DECEMBER l\fr. LINTHICUM. liVill the gentleman tell us what the de­ 22, 1924 cision was? Mr. McDUFFIEr The decision destroys a differential that Whereas it is· the desire o! the United States Shipping Board, as far hn.s existed between ports on the North and s·outh Atlantic sea­ as possible, to place the conduct of its shipping business on a basis board and Gulf of Mexico to Europe, whereby certain ports approximating commercial precedent and practices ; and bundled tonnage, by virtue of advantageous rates, which under Whereas it is the declared purpose of the board that in the opera­ natural conditions or eq11al rates would hav-e been handled tion of ships and handling of Government property by the Emergency through the natural outlets for that tonnage. The decision Fleet Corporation that the Emergency Fleet Corporation shall report should mean mu«!h to our South Atlantic and· Gulf ports; to the Shipping Board as to a board of directors exercising the usual lli. LINTHICUM. They cut down the differential which advisory capacity in the determination of broad policies and holding had. been created- by,· conferences of the steamship companies. the management responsible·for results, in the same manner as large 1\Ir. McDUFFIE. Referring to the appropriation of $24,- business organizations function ; and in order more clearly to define 000,000 for the Shipping Board, I ean not let this oppor­ this relationship between the Shipping Board and the Emergency Fleet tunity-pass without calling the attention of the House to this Corporation in line with the board's desire as above expressed: There­ item. The gentleman from Alabama [Mr. OLIVER] has already fore be it referred to it. One- might read tim hearings and note the Resolved, That the resolution of the United States Shipping Board gradual decrease· in number of ships operated each year, and passed September 30, 1921, as-amended January 10, 1924-, be. and the be led to the conclusion that the elimination of our ships from same is hereby, amended to read as follows : the high seas-is not far in the future. You gentlemen of the Whereas the merchant marine act, 1920, provides that the power and West are interested in it because these ships are operated as authority thereby vested in the United States Shipping Board may be much for the advantage of the West as they are for the sea­ exercised either directly by the boai'd or by it through the United board. States Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporatidn, except as therein otherwise specifically provided ; and If it takes thirty millions or more to keep ships on the estab­ Whereas in the opinion of the Shipping Board the executive and lished trade routes for a year, I am wondering how the service personnel organization of the Emergency Fleet Corporation is equipped maintained to-day will be continued everywhere with a de~ to efficiently exercise through the United States Slipping Board crea ed appropriation of $24,000,000. It would seem that some Emergency Fleet Corporation various administrative powers and func­ service somewhere is bound to suffer. Where this will be is tions, thus making it possible for the United States Shipping Boai·d to important, and, of course, I am primarily interested in the devote its attention to study and determination of the broad and con­ Gulf ports. I am one of those, however, who believe that it structive questions of policy relating to the maintenance, development, is most important to continue in its full~st vigor our merchant and encouragement of the American merchant marine under the pow­ marine from every port possible, because every section of the ers and duties imposed upon the United States Shipping Board by law: country is vitally interested. Our investment in these ships Therefore be it is· the investment ot the whole country. Resolved, That it is the sense of the United States Shipping Board The question now presents itself : that neither its chairman nor any member of the board should hold Where is the curtailment in our service, as a result of this any office of the Emergency Fleet Corporation, and that no member of cut in tim amount appropriated, going to be made? Will it any department of the Shipping Board should bold any office of the be ship service, or will Admiral Palmer be able to make radical Emergency Fleet Corporation unless the Shipping Board and the board reduction in the personnel and overhead expenses of the cor­ of trustees of the Emergency Fleet Corporation concur; be it further poration? It occurs to me since the change in the contract Reso,vea, That the power and authority vested in the Shipping under which we now operate our ships, the personnel can be Board by the merchant marine act, 1920, shall be exercised by it greatly reduced It would seem that more than 3,000 em­ through the Emergency Fleet Corporation in the following lllatters and plorees at an expense of more than $7,000,000 is a great over­ to the extent and in the manner hereinafter provided: head and administrative expense and r.. great problem that 1. The selection, employm~nt, or removal of all officers and em­ must address itself to Admiral Palmer. Indeed, he must make ployees of the Emergency Fleet Corporation and their compensation additional reduction in personnel if the service as it stands to­ shall be under the control of the board of trustees andjor officers of day is to be continued or enlarged. He is to be congratulated on that corporation in the manner provided for in the by-laws of said the reduction he has already made. I would not cripple or tie corporation : Pro1-·ided, hotoever, That the salaries and other com­ the bands of anyone charged with so much responsibility, but pensation of the officers and of the trustees shall be subject to the I would like to see this House adopt a provision to this appro­ approval of the board: And provided furth~r, That the selection, em­ priation bill to the effect that any curtailment of the service ployment, or removal of such attorneys as are engaged in handling must be in personnel rather than in the number of ships to be construction claims or litigation arising from the same shall be sub­ operated It is so essential, gentlemen, that we continue the ·ject to the approval of the board. l

1925 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE .2673

2. The management, operation, maintenance, and repair of 'VesselS. occurs to me that no law should be passed by the Congress S. In accordance with the provisions of section 7 of the merchant touching upon the operation of the merchant marine until we marine act, 1920, the Shipping Board will determine the trade routes receive a report of the special investigating committee created to be erved. The Emergency Fleet Corporation will make such dis­ to inquire into the subject. This committee has not completed position and allocation of the vessels to serve these routes as will its tnvestigation and will doubtless not make its report at an insure efficient and eeonomical operations. early date. 4. The completion or conclusion of any construction, or recondition­ While this resolution may contain some wise pt·ovisions, ing work upon vessels which has heretofore been or may be authorized and while all agree that the actual operation ""'f the ships by the United States Shipping Board. should be done under the exclusive supervision of the Emer­ 5. The sale of vessels on terms and conditions laid down by the gency Fleet Corporation, yet there are some provisions of board and at such prices as the board appr'()ve:t. policy tn the resolution which I fear will ultimately endanger G. The operation and sale of housing project , real estate, railroad, the success of the merchant marine. In short, some of the and other similar property, as approved by the board. objections to the resolution may be set forth as follows: 7. The operation and ale of dry docks as approved by the board. 1. It is legally impossible, in fact, because it attempts to 8. The custody and ale of all other property and materials. delegate to an agent the duty of performing a judicial function 9. All accounting for the Emer.gency Fleet Corporation. which is clearly an impossibility. 10. The insurance of vessels and other property in its custody; and 2. In so far as the operation of the fleet is concerned, it matter pertaining to such insurance. delegates all of the power of the board to one man and in new 11. The management and physical operation of piers, and pier ware· of the record made at the time of the conferences between the houses, and terminal facilities owned by or assigned to the Shipping board and President Palmer. of the Fleet Corporation, it is Board. quite apparent that such delegation was meant to be un­ 12. The leasing and rental of offices, warehouses, docks, and storage limited. facilities deemed essential by it for its business and for its terminal 3. The right of the board to determine the trade routes or facilities. • areas is meaningless in view of the understanding between the 13. The disbursement and expenditure of all moneys ai'ising out of board and President Palmer at the time wherein it appears operations, or otherwise, in connection with the delegated powe-rs ; clearly that the right to determine what American ports to also moneys arising from appropriations heretofore or hereafter made and from which an operation hould be maintained was dele­ by Congress for the use and expense of the Emergency Fleet Corpora­ gated to the president of the Fleet Corporation. If such power tion, a allotted by the Shipping Board, subject to the limitations of is Y'ested in the president of the Fleet Corporation. it makes any or all acts of Congress pertaining thereto. little difference what language is used in the resolution with 14. The settlement, including payments or collections, of all mat­ respect to areas or routes. Keepiilg in mind always that the ters arising out of the above-mentioned powers before or after the merchant marine act provides that- date of this resolution. 15. All matters incidental to any of the foregoing powers, including the board is authorized and directed to investi(7ate and deter­ the negotiation, preparation, and execution of contracts., charters., mine * • * what steamship lines should be established and put in bills of sale, leases, operating agreements, and other instruments operation from ports in the United States • and to deter~ nece sa.ry or convenient to the exercise of such powers are hereby mine the type • • * and other requil·ements of the vessels * • • • conferred upon the Emergency Fleet Corporation ; be it further and the frequency and regularity of their sallings, with a view to fur­ 0 ReBolved, That an accurate record shall be made of the proceedings nishing adequate • • service. of every meeting of the t-rustees of the Emergency Fleet Corporation The resolution attempts to ve t in the president of the Fleet and a summary thereof be transmitted to the chairman and each Corporation the cu tody, direction, and control of all ve sels commissioner of the Shipping Board ; be it further in and out of e1·vice, which carries with it the determination Resolved, That the voting power upon the stock and the control of wha vessels and how many ves els shall be kept in oper­ of the United States Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation ation. shall remain with the United States Shipping Board, according to 4. It is true that the board may claim to have reserved the law ; and the president and each of the trustees of the Emergency right to settle all unsettled "construction claims "-eerta.inly }!'leet Corporation shall deliver to the secretary of the Shipping Board all other claims are placed in the hands of the Fleet Corpora­ their several qualifying shares of stock in the United States Shipping tion for settlement, including claims running as high as a mil­ Board Emergency Fleet Corporation, duly indorsed in blank for trans­ lion and a half dollars growing out of charters executed and fer ; and the officers of the Emergency Fleet Corporation shall deliver performe~ during and immediately succeeding the war period, to the president of the Emergency Fleet Corporation their sttveral all of whiCh arose long p1·ior to the advent of President Palmer, resignations for acceptance at his pleasure ; and the president and and concerning which it can not be fairly said that his judg­ trustees of the Emergency Fleet Corporation shall deliver to the ment is better than the judgment of commissioners who have secretary of the Shipping Board their several resignations for accept­ spent one or even two year wor-king with and upon the same. ance at the pleasure of the Shipping Board; be it further 5. With only 24,000,000 to expend and the Emergency Fleet Resolved, That in passing this resolution the United States Shipping Corporation using about $1,000,000 per month for overhead it Board declares that it is its policy to delegate to the Emergency Fleet necessarily follows there must be a radical reduction in fue Corporation all power, authority, and control es ential to the fnll and overhead of the Fleet Corporation or a curtailment in the efficient operation by it of all lines at present operated or which may number of ship continued in the service. be hereafter authorized, and the full performance of all powers and The original of this resolution contained in section 3 this authority hereby delegated. All vessels, whether active or inactive, provision- are hereby placed in the custody and care of the Emergency Fleet In accordance with the provisions of section 7 ot the merchant marine Corporation ; be it further act of 1920 the Shil)ping Board will determine the trade areas to be Resolved, That nothing herein contained shall be construed as a sen·ed. The Emergency ll'leet Corporation will make such disposition transfer of title or ownership of vessels, doeks, or other property, and allocation of the ve sels to serve these areas as will insure efficient real or personal, belonging to the United States.; the possession and and economical operation. control by the Emergency Fleet Corporation of any vessels or other property delivered to it under this resolution shall be solely that of · I am advised that Commissioners Plummei,", Haney, and Ben­ an agent with llmited powers. All con•tracts and agreements made by son were opposed to the resolution in this form while Chair­ the United States Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation shall man o~connor, Hill, and Lisner favored it. On motion of clearly show that the same are contracts and agreements of the United Commissioner Plummer, who had been urged to suppo1t the States Shipping Board, acting through the United States Shipping resolution, it was amended by inserting the words " trade Board Emergency Fleet Corpontion as its authorized agent; be it routes" in lieu of "trade areas." This being done, the reso­ further lution was passed. Resoh;ea, The right and duty of the Shipping Board to exercise any The passage of this resolution and the cutting down of the and all powers of supervision and control vested in or imposed upon amount app1·opriated for the ope1·ation of our merchant marine, it by law remain in full force and effect; be it further which appears to have the indorsement and sanction of the Resolved, That all resolutions, general or special orders, or office White House and the leadership of this administration, I fea.r memoranda of the United States Shipping Board heretofore pas ed, is a bad omen. One of the reasons why I would trespass upon inconsistent with the resolution of .January 10, 1924, as amended yom· time to-day is to call the attention of the Congre · and hereby, are repealed, in so far as they conflict with the provisions the country to the fact that the Congress never intended that

" 0074 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD--HOUSE· JANUARY 29

places too much responsibility and too much power in the act itself, I thought I could then see danger, but that bill is a hands of one man, I do not care how good a man he may be. splendid bill as compared to the recent bill introduced and I do not see how Admiral Palmer could really care to have reported, known as the public buildings bill, for this session of all the responsibility with which the board has clothed him. Congress. The Elliott bill absolutely sur1·enders all of your We at least hope the admiral will make the best job he can constitutional functions, and I now know why Mr. Jefferson of it; and in meeting the reduced appropriation .let us hope opposed the policy of internal improvements by the Federal the curtailment or reduction in service will be m personnel Government. ,rather than in ship service. It surrenders your right to legislate. And I say now that We recognize there should be a line of demarcation between although its author, the gentleman from Indiana [Mr. ELLIOTT], the authority of the Shipping Board and the fun~tio~ of ~he for whom I have as high regard as .any man in this House, Emergency Fleet Corporation. The actual operation of ships disclaims any political intention, I say without fear of sue~ should be the exclusive function of the Emergency Fleet Cor~ cessful contradiction that it is the greatest political scheme poration. Divided responsibility and friction can bring no that has ever been proposed in this House. And I will show oood results to the service. 'rhere are certain fundamentals you why. In the first place, if you pass the bill in the form ~f policy, however, that should be left entirely in the hands of in which it is now, it gives blanket authority to the Secretary the Shipping Board. The Congress directed the board to do of the Treasury and combined authority with the Postmaster certain things-establish trade routes, and so forth. A reso· General, and you will have no trouble in passing the Mellon lution that certainly divides the responsibility of the board ~ plan or any other kind of plan that comes from the Treasury ·.this respect is against the intention and will of Congress, 1n Department. In the first place, it is going to be a most potent my judgment. factor. Another thing, if the Democrats were in power and Again, the board is a creature of Congress, and it is for Con~ they should pass a bill of that kind, I would not give you a gress to say what powers that board may delegate to other cent to guarantee a Democratic House and Senate. Why? Be~ authority, the administration and even the White House not· cause if you pa s that bill in the form it is now, every Republi~ withstanding. can candidate for the Senate and for the Bouie can promise Let us not forget that every time we eliminate an American the world and be justified in it under this act. Why, gentle~ :Vessel from the service a foreign vessel takes its place. It is men, look at what this act does. It does not even confine the expenditure of this money to any particular place. It is a ~ot a lack of tonnage that makes it necessary to take a vessel blanket bill, of course. out of service. The tonnage is here. I beg you, gentlemen, to adopt a provision to this section expressing the will or intent I say, gentlemen, I P,ate to come here constantly on the floor of the Congress, so as to n;1ake it clear that the Congress by and oppose legislation, because it is not my disposition, al­ this reduction in appropriation does not desire that our serv~ though I have some disposition to be combative, but it is lee, in number of ships operated, shall be diminished or not my real disposition to try to thwart real legislation. But, reduced. gentlemen, this is a monstrosity. 1\fy good friend from New · My information is that the Shipping Board has a personnel York [Mr. DEMPSEY] who so successfully put th1·ough this House the greatest river and harbor legislation that has been now of more than 3,000, at an expense of more than $·7,000,000 passed in a half centUI·y, he himself would not dare to offer • per annum. this House, from his committee, such a bill as is brought in The operation for December resulted in a loss of $2,119,~ here as a public buildings bill. 'Vhy, gentlemen, just look at 488.72. The administrative cost during that month·was $412,- that thing. Who is going to get anything after they pass it? 576.02. That is rather a high administrative cost-20 per You think you get something but do not fool yourselves. Only cent of total operating loss. I know Admiral Palmer is men on two committees will get anything, and that is on the anxious to make some radical reductions, and he has already Committee on Appropriations and the Ways and Means Com~ made some, but I fear he contemplates making further reduc­ mittee. Now, you think you are going to get something, but tion in ship service. That is a matter in which every Mem?er you will find yourself disappointed when you get this bill · of the Hou e is interested. This House should either g1ve through. Now, they tell me-- more money for the operation of our merchant marine or 1\lr. WILLIAMSON. Will the gentleman yield? should in a proper way express itself specifically to the effect 1\lr. :McKEOWN. For a question. that we do not wish the ship service curtailed. I understand 1\lr. WILLIAMSON. The Ways and Means Committee and that under recent and better arrangements possibly these ships the Appropriations Committee will not alone pass the l\Iellon may be operated at a less cost than ever before. . plan in any event. · According to the statements in the hearings my recollection Mr. McKEOWN. They will be the only members who will ls that during 1924 we operated 338 ships; that number has get anything out of this bill if we pass it. be~ reduced under the $30,000,000 appropriation to 297 ships; Mr. CARTER. But we could not pass the Mellon bill with­ and tmder the $24,000,000 appropriation, if you will figure out the Ways and Means Committee. it at more than $2,000,000 a month loss on the freighters alone, 1\Ir. McKEOWN. No. Let me call your attention to some~ to say nothing of the passenger vessels, the admiral can not thing else. I believe that in the District of Columbia there hope to operate these ships. •This committee is not chargeable ought to be some buildings. I can not understand why it is with this amount of $24,000,000. You gave all that was asked that they ever let these buildings be builded along down this by the board and Admiral Palmer. That is what troubles me. grand Pennsylvania Avenue, which should have been set All those in authority seem to approve of this reduction. I aside and the public offices of the United States ought to be can not believe that the m·embers of the Shipping Board would put down there. 'Vhy some of the people out in the interior curtail the number of ships to be operated. Is the responsible actually believe that all the Government functions are housed leadership of this administration desirous of getting our ships up here in the Capitol Building. That is what they believe off the seas entirely, and so anxious that they are willing to about it. They think that all you have to do is to step around curt:'lil the service of the merchant marine to the detriment like in a State capitol, and you will find the offices there. of the country as a whole? I warn you, gentlemen, that the They do not realize we have to go 3 or 4 miles after informa~ signs point that way. If we continue to reduce the appropria~ tion for them when they request it. But there ought to be tion year after year, and put the destiny of the merchant buildings along down thi ~venue, and if the committee will marine in the hands of any one man, no matter how good he specify how much they will expend in· the city of Washington may be, the time may not be distant when we will have our I am one Member who is willing to vote for it, and I am not ships taken from the seas, and that will be a sad day in the afraid to do it. But I will never surrender as long as I am history of the American people. In our wildest desire for here, my rights as a 1\Iember of the great House of Repre~ economy let us not cripple our merchant marine. [Applause.] sentatives, in the performance of my duty as a Congressman. · Mr. SANDLIN. Mr. Chairman, I yield 10 minutes to the I say to you you have no constitutional right to delegate gentleman from Oklahoma [Mr. McKEowN]. your power to some department of the Government. There is Mr. McKEOWN. Mr. Chairman and gentlemen of the House, no safeguard given here. You can not say how much shall be in reading the history of the Democratic Party I used to spent in the District of Columbia. Why, after this bill is wonder why it was that the patron saint of the Democratic through, instead of voting for a bill that picks out the towns, Party, Mr. Jefferson, opposed internal improvements by the they say that they know more about it ; let us pick out the Federal Government. I never could understand just why he towns. It is a right and responsibility that you want to exer~ took that position, and never realized what he evidently had cise in designating the city and say how much shall go to that in mind until this session of Congress. When I looked at the particular city. river and harbor bill, which has changed its form so materially, Mr. STEVENSON. Will the gentleman yield? making appropriations without designating the amount in the 1\lr. McKEOWN. I will. 1925 CONGRESS! ON Ali RECORD-HOUSE 2675

Mr. STEVENSON. ltl there any limitation at all as to how have to go and -decentralize the G

~ letter from the Attorney General and a letter from the chair- Our committee, both individually and ail a group, are willing to man and committee of the Bar Association of Baltimore on cooperate with you in any way in which you may desire to make this question. This bill is unanimously favored by the Judicia-ry manifest to the responsible leaders of the House the imperativeness Committee, urged by the Attorney General, and needed in Mary­ of immediate enactment of your II. R. 5083. land. I make this statement now and insert these letters in Very truly yours, the RECORD in the hope that no gentleman will object to the Clarence K. Bowie, chairman; Charles H. Knapp ; Ran­ consideration of the bill when the Consent Calendar is called dolph Barton, jr.; Charles P. Coady; A. W. W. next Thursday. Woodcock; S. K. Dennis; George Weems Williams; The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from Maryland asks J. Kemp Bartlett; Jesse N. Bowen, president Balti­ unanimous consent to extend his remarks in the RECORD in more City Bar Association. the manner indicated. Is there objection? [After a pause.] Mr. SA.l"\'DLIN. Mr. Chairman, I yield the balance of my U'he Chair hears none. time to the gentleman from Georgia [Mr. BRAND]. The letters referred to follow : Mr. BRAND of Georgia. 1\fr. Chairman, I ask unanimous D.EPARTMENT OF JUSTICE, consent to extend my remarks in the RECORD by inserting part Washington, D. a., Janua.ry 15, 19~5. of an editorial from the Manufacturers' Record, entitled "The Bon. JOHN PHILIP HILL, so-called child labor amendment." United States House of Representatives, Washington, D. a. The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman .from Georgia asks unani­ MY DEAR Co~GRESSMAN HILL : Permit me to thank you for your mous consent to extend his remarks in the RECORD in the man­ letter of January 2 and to advise that you are correctly informed as to ner indicated. Is there objection? [After a pause.] The Chair the attitude of this department regarding an additional judge for the hears none. district ()f Maryland. Mr. BRAND of Georgia. Mr. Chairman, I made the request for Under date of December 24, 1924, we advised Judge Soper as fol­ leave to extend and revise my remarks for the purpose of in­ lows : "The statistics now available, and which were not available in cluding in the RECORD an editorial from the Manufacturers January of this year, indicate that congestion has doubled in the Record, first, because this editorial contains a copy of a letter district of Maryland, nothwithstanding your own very commendable material to the subject matter as related to Georgia from Bon. efforts. I think you are to be congratulated upon the number of cases S. G. McLendon, secretary of state of the State of Georgia, which disposed of in the last fiscal year, and I fully appreciate that you refers to the last report of Bon. H. M. Stanley, the commissioner can not be expected to work indefinitely at the rate you have been of commerce and labor of the State of Georgia, and in the sec­ working. In rtew of the number of cases disposed of, the increase in ond place and particularly for the reason that the State of congestion, and the certainty that there is very little prospect of there Georgia has been misrepresented throughout the United States being a reduction in the number of cases filed, I believe that this upon its action on the child labor amendment, and likewise mis­ department can consistently advise Congress that the situation in represented not only by persons in public addresses but by Maryland has now become more urgent." newspapers, which misrepresentation broadcasted throughout We also assured him that the Attorney General agreed with the the land charges that Georgia not oi:lly has no child labor laws :Judicial conference as to the need for an additional judge and would but tolerates the working in cotton mills children of tender gladly so recommend. years. With kindest regards and best wishes, I am, The Georgia law upon this subject is found in Parks Code of Very truly yours, Georgia, sections 3149 (a), (e), and (g), the substance of RUSH L. HOLLAND, which provides that no child under the age of 14 years shall be Assistant A.ttor1Je1J General. employed by or be permitted to work in or about any mill, factory, laundry, manufacturing establishment, or place of BALTIMORE, January 8, 1925. amusement, except that children over 12 years of age who have Bou. JoHN PHILIP HILL, widowed mothers dependent upon them for support, or orphan House of Represen.tatives, Washington, D. a. children o\er 12 years of age dependent upon their own labor DEAR COLONEL HILL : The Bar Association of Baltimore City has ap­ for support, may work in such places. There js also provided pointed the undersigned a committee for the purpose of furthering the in the Georgia law a penalty for violation of this statute. enactment of your bill, known as H. R. 5083, providing for the ap­ .Notwithstanding this, it appears in a speech by Mrs. Carrie pointment of an additional judge for the district of Maryland, which, Chapman Catt recently delivered in New York in which she through your efforts, was favorably reported unanimously by the said " there is no child-labor prohibition in Georgia " ; and that Committee on the Judiciary. the Cincinnati Times-Star in a recent issue in defense of the The urgency of the need for the appointment of an additional dis­ child labor amendment made a ~:~imilar statement, and that one trict judge in Maryland has been recognized by the Chief Justice; woman in California, describing child-labor conditions, charged Judge Woods, senior circuit judge of the fourth circuit; Circuit Judge that she had seen many children 4 years of age working in nose, formerly district judge of Maryland; the present District Judge southern cotton mills. Soper; and by Maryland lawyers generally. The editor of this editorial bas done the State of Georgia a The volume of business has been and is increasing very rapidly. great favor by exposing such silly misstatements: Exclusive of bankruptcy cases, which require considerable time and attention from the court', the number of cases docketed was 1,043, THE SQ-CALLED CHILD LABOR AYENDMENT 1,473, and 1,997 for the years 1922, 1923, and 1924, respectively; that When Massachusetts, long noted for its devotion to the welfare of is to say, was increasing at the rate of 45 per cent per year. The children and to their amplest protection, after a full discussion of number of cases disposed of for the same years respectively was the proposed child labor amendment voted overwhelmingly against 1,033, 1,347, and 1,652, with the result that at the end of 1924 the the amendment, the advocates of this amendment were so startled cases pending numbered 692. that ever since then they have been trying to put forth with the The 127 district judges for the whole of the United States dis­ utmost unblushing effrontery false arguments of every kind to show posed in 1923 of 97,068 cases, exclusive of bankruptcy cases, or an why Massachusetts had changed its position. Some of them claimed, average of 764 cases for each judge (report of Attorney General for with utter absurdity, that because some Massachusetts people were 1923, p. 114), which was less than one-half the number of cases interested in some southern cotton mills they used their power to ilispost'd of during 1924 by the present district judge for the district persuade the people of Massachusetts to vole against the amendment. of Maryland. The disposal of the very large number of cases during 'A more ridiculous proposition was never put forward. • • • 1924 was made possible only through the holding of court for unusu­ As a matter of fact, leading educators at the head of great ally long hours and by almost continuous work at night by the judge, institutions of learning in Massachusetts, and women almost without With resultant mental and physical demands which can not conceiv­ number devoted to the welfare of children, but realizing the danger nbly be permanently continued. It is obvious, therefore, that the of the amendment, presented the matter through the press, through limit for disposition of cases by the present judge has approximately pamphlets, and in public addresses, showing how dangerous would be been reached, and that unless an additional judge is immediately such an amendment and how it would utterly ruin the childhood appointed the end of the current year will witness our dockets con- of all coming generations. gested, with cases undisposed of exceeding 1,000. Many proponents of this scheme have said that it was 11 absurd" Not alone is the volume of business growing, but the importance of to suppose that Congress would pass a law, for the enforcement of the the civil litigation is of increasing magnitude and requires longer amendment, which would be dangerous to the country. But they t>eriods of time for theii· trial. The situation is acute and is unjust overlook the fact, or ignore it, that the Congress which passed such a alike to the court, to litigants, and to the attorneys practicing before bill would have no compunctions of conscience against passing a laW' the court, and unless relief is afforded promptly it will not be long for the strict enforcement of this amendment. before the "law's delay" in our local District Court may often Congress, some said, is elected by the American people and, there. defeat justice. fore, we would never have a Congress which would go directly contrar:f. 1925 CONGRESSIONAL R.ECORD-HOUSE 2677.

_to the views of the public at large in the passing of a bill for the ~ot only is this tru~, but the mill village is a. new chapt~r in the enforcement of the amendment. • • • Neither Congress nor the industrial life of working people, which, I believe, is peculiar to the Federal bureaus established in Washington ever fail to go to the very South. Not onr a dozen of Georgia's textile mills are located in large limit of their power. Every bureau created continues to expand its cities. Th'e great majority of them are located either in or near the activities, to demand more and more for carrying out its projects, and smaller towns of the State, and the mill settlement is the property of grows constantly by what it feeds upon in its autocratic activities. the company owning and operating the mill. This company furnishes This proposed amendment would take from the States and from shelter, fuel, and light at rates below those paid by any mill operatives parents the entire control of all children until they had passed elsewhere, I dare say, on this continent. For in tance, in the e mill their eighteenth year. It is a direct and terrific attack upon home life, villages the rents charged run from 12% cents per room per week up as well as upon the rights of individual States. • • • Thousands to $1 per room per week. The cottages occupied by operatives •ary in of honest-minded men and women, misled by the propaganda in its size, so that families of different numbers may be accommodated in favor, and thinking only of the humanitarian point of view which they perfectly cl<'an, sanitary buildings with clean, sanitary surroundings. believe it is intended to carry out, are innocently at work for this 'l'o go a trifle more into detail, in 1021 there were 188 op('ratives amendment. • • • paying 12~ cents per room per week. There were 8,315 paying· 2G The kind of stu1!: which is unblushingly put forward in behalf of cents per room per week. There were 890 paying GO cents per room this amendment is illustrated in a speech by Mrs. Carrie Chapman per week, and 1,496 paying 1 per room per week. There were ronny, of course, paying intermediate sums, but none more than $1 per room Catt, president of the National League of Wom~n "Voters, recently delivered in New York, in which she said : per week. 'l'he mill owners provide nor eries, kindergartens, schools, swimming " Massachusetts defeated the child labor measure, because the pools, libraries, hospitals, Y. M. C. A. halls, churches, playgrounds, Massachusetts mill owners control factories in Georgia where doctors, nurses, and teachers for the children of their operatives. there is no child labor prohibition." I am sending you, under separate cover, "Industrial Georgia," re­ It would be mild to say that this is a falsehood so glat·ing that cently published by tbe Georgia Railway & Power Co., beautifully illus­ anyone who is misled thereby must, indeed, be very poorly informed tJ·ated. In so far as that company furnishes power for about a dozen ot· else very weak minded. Georgia has most excellent child labor mills, pictures in this booklet can be duplicated from all the other mill laws. It protects its children in all lines of employment. And yet villages in Georgia. it bas been maligned, and maligned time and again, as other Southern It is amazing that Georgia seems to have been picked out as the States have been, by just such wild, untruthful statements as those special target for aJl the venom and misrepre entation which char­ credited in a quoted paragraph in the New York Herald-Tribune acterizes this propaganda in support of an amendment the alloption of from an address by Mrs. Catt. which would overturn the civilization of this continent, because it . M. McCormick, a leading business man of Baltimore, and presi­ would destroy the homes of the people. dent of the Baptist Children's Aid Society of Maryland, in a letter \·cry truly your , S. G. McLENDON, to tbe Manufacturers Record, called att~ntion to a . statement which Secretary of State. be bad heard in a recent address by a prominent religious leader, and • • * The man who stands before the public as a supposed said: · leader, whethf'r in politics or iu religious work; who utters statements "I could not believe this, and so wrote to the secretary of which are not absolutely provable and which he bas not taken the state asking for the facts, and am to-day in receipt of a letter trouble to pro\e before uttering them, is a false leader and to the from him, a copy of which I am inclosing. I can ntlt help utmost extent of his influence is injuring the religious life of the coun­ believing that this propaganda against the South originated with try, for he is making thinking people feel that nothing that such men those interested in the mills in the North, and I earnestly hope say is worthy of confidence. you will find space in your paper to deny these statements, What such men have said about the child labor amendment, however, because they are doing our country harm. is only indicative of the kintl of fall'ehood that is being spread broad­ "The child-labor amendment is a vicious measure, and I am cast throughout the land by those who are favoring that amendment. going to fight it when it c~mes up in our State. I am interested For instance, the Cincinnati Times-Star, in a recent is ·ue in defense of in children, being, as you know, president .of the Baptist Chil­ the child labor amendment, says: dren's Aid Society of Maryland." "In Ohio we have child labor laws. In Georgia they have not. The following letter from Judge McLendon; secretary of state of The Ohio factory owner's products compete with the Georgia fac­ Georgia, in reply to the question raised by Mr. McCormick, shows how tory owner's products, but at the disadvantage caused by the com· absolutely false is the address beard by Mr. McCormick in a Balti~ore parati\ely humanitarian laws of Ohio." church. Here is another deliberate falsehood. If the Times-Star did not seek Judge McLendon's letter is as follows : to learn the facts, it was false to its respon ibility to its readers, for DEPARTMENT OF STATE, no paper bas a rigbt to make such a deliberate assertion without know· Atlaltfa., Ga., December 2. ing whereof it speak . Instead of ha\ing no child labor law, Georgia, aw shown by Judge ~IcLendon, bas a \ery excellent child labor law, !18 l!r. WILLO'GOHBY M. McCon~ncK, have all other Southern States. Baltimore, Md. Moreover, especial consideration should be giYen in discussions of thi,; MY DEAn SIR: I am just in receipt of your favor of November 28, in kind to the interesting facts set forth in regard to the mill villages of which you say : " Last evening I heard a prominent speaker state Georgia in Judge McLenuon's letter, and the e mill villages ar~ typical that there are 60,000 children in the State of Georgia employed in of the industry in all parts of the South. They furnish uperior the mills, not on farms, theit· ages ranging from 10 to 14 years." accommodations and cheaper rents than can be found in any other line You express doubt as to the accuracy of this statement and ask me of industry in the United States, and instead of being criticized th~ for the facts. The facts are these : cot ~ on-mill operators of the South should receive unbounded credit In Georgia there are 190 textile mills, employing a capital of throughout the land for their helpful work in building up the morale, something over $150,000,000. According to the last report of the the education, and the religious ad\"ancement of their employees. commissioner of commerce and labor, lion. H. M. Stanley, who is an In the wildest political campaigns in which the utmost bitterne s has officer and a .man of the very highest character, there were in Georgia been developed, sometimes with no regard whatever for the truth, we during the year 1923, 49,432 white persons employed in these 190 have never, we think, seen anything quite equal to the untruths, to the mills. In addition to these, there were 4, 758 colored employees, not as misrepresentations, to the half truths, that have been put forward by operatives, but as porters, truck drivers, warehousemen, etc. the ad'\"ocates of the twentieth amendment. Some of these ad•ocates Of the white employees there were 44 males under 14lh years of age doubtless intended to be perfectly honest and truthful in their state­ and 27 females, making in all 71 out of nearly 50,000. ments, but many of them unquestionably have no desire wbate>er for The Georgia law prohibits the employment of persons under 14%, the truth if they can, by telling an untruth, convert somebody to their way only exception being orphans over 12 and under 14lh who may be of thinking. earning their own living, or son or daughter of a widowed mother to One woman in California, in painting a fearful picture of child-labor whose support the children contribute. conditions, charged that she bad seen many children four years of age There were in Georgia over 14lh and up to 16, 574 males and 526 working in southern cotton mills. That is so unpardonably false that females, making 1,100. Of all persons over 16 there were 28,925 white it is difficult to find words in which to characterize it. And yet there males and 19,400 females, making a total of 48,325. These are actual are some simple-minded people who swallow it bodily, so gullible are facts as nearly as they can be told in figures. I inclose copy of Com­ they. The very suggestion of working four-year-old children in a cotton missioner Stanley's report for 1923, that for 1924 not yet being pub­ mill is on its face asinine. It is a lie- out of the whole cloth. Such a lished, and refer you to page 16. I inclose copy of the Georgia child child could no more work in a cotton mill than it could fly; and no labor law, in which you will observe that the education of children in cotton manufacturer would under any human condition, even if he bad factories is well guarded, and this law is rigidly enforced by nlill no regard for children, permit children of such an age to fool with ·owners in Georgia. costly machinery.

L...""{VI-170 2678 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE

::.\Ir. SANDLIN. 1\Ir. Chairman, I yield two minutes to the Avenue and the river. Over the bars of these places of public refresh­ gentleman from Washington ["Mr. SuMMERS]. ment there passed annually some $3,350,000 from the wages of • the Mr. SUIDIERS of Washington. Mr. Chairman, I ask unani­ workingmen. It made an enormous deficit in what the homes here­ mous consent to extend my remarks in the RECORD, and also to abouts had left to pass o•er the counters of the grocer and th-e butcher. include an article on (4 Why we prohibit" Michael Collins, his wife says, never could get by the Tub of Blood The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from Washington asks on his way to and from the wharves without stopping for a drink unanimou consent to extend his remarks in the RECORD in the Saturday nights, when the big ships were in and he'd have maybe manner indicated. Is there objection? thirty or forty dollars in· his pocket. Sometimes he'd stay right -:\Ir. LL.~IDCilli. Mr. Chairman, reserving the right to ob­ through Sunday and come home Monday to go to bed with a whisky ject, I would like to know what the article is. bottle for a week. 1\lr. SU~DIERS of Washington. It is an article on "Why "Times like that," Mrs. Collins said, "a man's a beast. You don't we prohibit." It is from Good Housekeeping and I would like know the things a woman has to do. It's the women that has done to have it printed in 8-point type. 'em knows. A man just lies there for days, an' you have to wait on Mr. LI~THICUM. The gentleman is not asking much, but him. It's no use to say you won't. It has to be done. I shall not object. " Sometimes it's not so stupid drunk as that they are, but ugly, 1\I!'". STEVENSON. Reserving the right to object, I want to aq' then they're dangerous. Either way they lose a lot o' time layin' call the gentleman's attention to the fact that unanimous con­ off work. So often like that with Mike, there was nothin' at all comin' sent does not permit the insertion of anything in 8-point type in. Any money he had, God knows I needed. I find to go through h1:s which is the extension of a gentleman's remarks, and the Com­ pockets to get it. mittee on Printing has made up its mind to insist upon that. "One night I hadn't waited until he was deep enough in his sleep. The CHAIRMAN. The- gentleman from South Carolina He heard me. 'Twas only 50 cents I found. But he cursed me and states the rule accurately. The committee can not give per­ said he'd have it back. My children needed milk. I wouldn't give it mission for that. The gentleman from Washington asks unani­ to him. But he got me down in a corner. Then he put me out in the I mous consent to extend his remarks in the RECORD in the man­ snow in my nightgown and bare feet. When came back, he only ner indicated by him. Is there objection? [After a pause.] threw me downstairs again. Before I could get the cop on the beat The Chair hears none. he was smashin' everythin' that night. It was the stove lid be threw 1\Ir. SIDfiiERS of Washington. Mr. Chairman, a wise ob­ , at Johnnie broke Johnnie's leg. •• The judge gave him six months on the island that time. The server has said : children had to be sent to the Welfare Home whlle I was in the hos­ Prohibition may not prohibit, but it does- make liquor hard to get, pital The baby that was born there died. The doctor said, you s wrong to sell, bad to drink, dangerous to make, and experurlve to bny. it hadn't been good for me bein' thrown downstairs like that when my After all, is prohibition a success? And why d-Q" we prohibit? time was so near. Let me introduce Mabel Potter Daggett, who answers these "After that, Mike swore he'd never touch another drop. But 1t que tions in Good Housekeeping in a very convincing manner : just wasn't no use. In no time he was back 1n the Tub again. When he'd beat us the worst, I could have him arrested. But it was gE!ttin' bad They wer"e speaking of personal liberty. Whose? Why theirs, of tor Eddie, too, in other ways. Eddie was 10 then. He wouldn't stay in course. .And their right to the pursuit of a drink. Hadn't it been any more when his father was drunk. He'd sleep on a cellar gratin' guaranteed by the Declaration of Independence? And now by a Vol­ or rrnder a stair or anywhere so's not to be kicked. An' out that way stead Act it had been violated ! Then in the rrame of freedom-and so much Eddie was beginnin' to get in with the gang. When rd be while there i any left in the cellltl'-llft the glasses higher ! worryin' tl'le most about Eddie, I'd have his father put away again Which they are doing, these gentlemen in evening clothes. Some· for nonsupport. times ladies. too, you will find in the glow of the candle-llt dinner " But what could I do then? There was always the children to table similarly stirred to the defiant defense o! principle. feed an' the rent to pay. I went washin' as much as I could. Katie And, of cour"se, crurs is a l:md of I.iberty, where the very flag waves was 7 an' could mind the younger ones. But all I could do was never for freedom. Ko real American woufd wish to feel that we are losing enough. There was ne-ver sh~s to go 'round. I put mine on Eddie ground that way. So the editor of Good Housekeeping said to me, once when bls father was entirely gone. The chlldren at school .. Suppo e you go out and see."- laughed an' called hinJ ' IDgh-Heeled Annie' He stayed out ot sehool Well, I fourrd Mrs: Collins. And Mrs. Collins tells me that since for a week, hangin' round with the Gattlin' Gang. I didn't know till the enactm-ent ot tile eighteenth amendment for her and her cflildren the truant officer came. The- officer said he'd see about the shoes. He it has been a different world. fixed it so we got them from the society. From the society, too, we "How is it different, Mr~ CollJns ?" I asked. had to have orders for coal when we was freezin', orders for groceries " Why, look," she exclaimed with an inclusive gesture that swept when we was starvin'. tne room in 'vhi-ch we were seated. " Sure, now, you see what I mean; it's a different world since tbe There were the green-painted walls of a tenement kitchen. Bright Tub o' Blood is closed. Maybe there's other ways he could fin.d it. linoleum covered the fl-oor. The tubs were hung with a fresh white But Mike says : ' Fifty cents the drink. Wby, all I could get 'ud be valance. The stove shone as if polished with black varnish. A blue­ only an annoyance. An' you never can tell when it's poison.' framed mirror over the kitchen sink reflected a picture of the rest " No," she affirmed, " Mike's off th-e stuff entirely. See that full at the room-the table, th-e straight-backed chairs, the little girl at coal hod?" Mrs. Collins picked it up joyfnlly and mE.>nded her fire. the window with her doll, and the gingham-aproned woman standing "Feel that lilt-oleum?" She- walked across it wtth pride. "It's the with arms nkim!Jo. best quality from the Star Department Emporium." Seating the little Mrs. Collin interpolated: .. Maybe you don't know the ways of a girl on h-er lap, she extended one small foot. .. There!s my Mamie's man when he's drunk. For 10 years of married life I neyer before shoes. I paid $5.65 for them at the new store that's moved in right had any furniture that wasn't broke or in pawn." where the Tub used to be. She swung open a cupboard door. .. See my dishes. There ain't so "You see, now on Saturday nights when Mike COIUies in, he just much ru~ a saucer gone from that set. And it used to be I couldn't throws his envelope into my lap an• says: • Tbat's for you, Mother. I keep plates enough to set the table. ain't got no use for it any more.' That way now I've always enough • "That's what I'm tellin' you," she replied. "Mike smashed 'em. to do with. I'm not goin' scrobbin' any more. I'm keepin' my own Men always will when tlle.y're that way. An' there was worse than hou e clean an' my children off the street as any woman should. that he smashed. They will when they're that way. 'Twas the Eddie ain't runnin" with the gang any more. lie's 14. Bu.t thero'a whisl..J' 1n Mike always made him crazy. But, will you believe it, nights he'll just sit around the table with the others a list-enin' to the there's not so much as a black and blue spot on any of my children tales of the sea his father tells 'em. to-day, praise be to God ! "Nor we ain't the only ones to whom luck has come. Mike had " Of cour~. there's .Tohnnie. There's nothing else broke in the house. us all to the moTln' picture show on Christmas Eve. Nert day th& But there's Johnnie." cop says to him : ' I seen you an' the miss~ an' the kids at the sho,.. The woman befor"e me lifted one corner of her apron to her e-yes. last night. An' there was at least 10 more ot the boys went 1n like At length she managed to tell me. that witb their tamilles. The moTe power to you,' he says. ' For it Johnie is 11. He still has that st:itr leg. She had him operated wa:s the bunch of you in the old days we'd have had in the loek-up by on again last summer at th-e IIos.pital for Crippled Children. He walks Christi!ll3.s mo.rnin' .' " a great deal better. What was it happened to Johnnie's leg? Why, Mrs. Collins was setting her table for dinner. She had spread it you see. Johnnie's fathe-r broke it. wtth a gay red cloth. On it she had placed the sliced meat lett from Then Mrs. Collins hastened to add, " But Mike's not lUted a finger Sunday. I looked to see. It wru~ a roast of lamb. against any of .us, not once since the. Tub o' Blood was closed." And I went down the tenement stairs reflecting on new liberties The saloon with this descriptive title was one of one hundred and established, the assurance for Mrs. Collins and her children of the seventy-seHm that in the wide-open days dotted an area of about eighty right to personal safety of life and limb, and to roast lamb, and a. city blorks in this particular section of New York lying.between Eighth number of things.

' 1 1925 CONGRESS! ON AL RECORD--HOUSE 2679

The butcher down the street told me: " Yes ; that's right. Roast family. They live in a little house in a back court. You might not lamb's the regular Sunday order around here. · The trade picked up think the house so fine. But Mrs. Burke Is quite happy about it. There right after prohibition. But lately," be added, "I don't like the ~ooks were more children at school. But three or four were tumbling over of things. The roast lamb orders, I notice, a_re falling off a li~~: the doorsill. And one of these Mrs. Burke picked up for me to see. You see, the saloons are creeping back. That s bad for the wo " 'l'bis," she said, " I call my prohibition baby. It's the only one of and kids." my eight that was born above ground. Always, before we came here, There was a boy who thought that, too. And be wrote a letter to we had to live in some dark basement. Now I buy six quarts of milk the governor of New York State. This was bow it read : a day for my children. And Wiliie always gets an extra portion." "Dear Governor Smith: b"ll Willie, who is five, is twenty pounds underweight. The doctor thinks " I beard my father say you might sign your name to a beer 1 • he is tuberculous. The family used to lead a miserable existence. Mrs. And my mother is afraid that there may be beer again and may be Burke went out washing, and the father went on periodical sprees. whisky. Please, Governor Smith, do not sign it. B_ecau.se then, y~u But it's not happened since the Bunker Hill went out of business. Mr. see, my father may be drunk again. And w_ben he IS d_runk there lS Burke is working steadily now at a brush factory. never enough to eat or anything. And be 1s always h1tting us _and In Providence, R. I., in-the outskirts of the city, and set a little back making mother cry all the time. And be hasn't been drunk now m _a from the street on which it stands, is a tlim gray and white cottage. long time, because the saloons are closed. Yours very truly, Charlie There are marigolds and larkspur abloom in the front yard in sum­ Davis" mer. In the rear is a fine large garage with a sign above the door, At ~e dining-rooin table at his home in Brooklyn Charlie one nig~t "Patrick Kelly, Electric Trucking." You'll find the name listed, had sat copying something over and over. When be went to bed his too, in the telephone directory. Patrick Kelly is a business man now. mother had picked up from the floor the scrap of paper that sh.e now Once he was a drunken teamster usually out of a job. And if he earned took from her bureau drawer and passed to me to read. On 1t was $15 a week, his family was lucky to get $5. There were seven children. scrawled in a school-boy hand the first draft of this letter that went The family lived anyway they could in b:ick alleys and side courts. to a governor. . Charitable organizations furnished some of their food. The eldest little "We've had three years of heaven, my husband and the children girl gathered what wood and coal they had from the dumps. When and I,"' Mrs. Davis said. "Now," and she beckoned me to th; wind~w, there was no money for shoes, the cinders cut her feet cruelly. Mrs. "see that saloon down the street. I don't know what they re sell~ng Kelly went washing, of course. A good deal of his time Patrick Kelly there. But men go in and come out ~eelin'. And," s~e ended w1th spent in jail. Once, after lying out drunk in a storm, he contracted a sob, " it's been three times already w1th my husband. . pneumonia, and from the prison hospital ward word was sent that he Charlie himself had come in from school and walked w!~h me as I wouldn't live. Mrs. Kelly "washed the curtains for a funeral." But went away. "Do you think the governor got my letter; he asked. Patrick Kelly didn't die. He lived to be drunk many times more. "Anyhow Jt didn't do any good about the saloons. Isn t there any Once, in a murderous frenzy, he attacked his wife and daughters with a one can do something, don't you think, about fa~her? You see, my carving knife. Two policemen overpowered him and carried him away to a cell. father don't want to drink. He's so sorry when he s sobe~. He kisses mother and says he'll ne'"er do it again. Father'd be all r1gh~, you see, That was his record over and over, until prohibition arrivec and the if somebody'd only help. Don't you think that somebody w1ll be able lights went out in Murphy's saloon. The next day Kelly came home. to do something?" He'd been away for a week drinking. Somehow now he was sober. "I hope so" I tried to reply encouragingly. But it wasn't enough. " Maggie," he said, going down on his knees beside his wife where " It surely m~st be that somebody will do something," I had to add she sat in the kitchen peeling potatoes, " if you take me back just once more, Tll never touch another drop. I mean it, Maggie. Mur· very earnestly before the beseeching young eyes let me go. phy's is closed." Up in Boston there is another exhibit that I .want to present. Mr. Easton u ed to be a barn man in charge of the delivery wagons for one Well, that promise, by the help of God-and also by the help of the of the large department stores. But because he was. almost always at Volstead act-Patrick Kelly has been able to keep. The little parlor where_I heard about it has a Brussels rug on the floor and green plush least a glass of beer drunk, he was continually ge~mg stepped on or upholstered furniture and a polished new piano. A ·girl came tripping kicked or otherwise injured. And so he was often Ia1d up out of wo~k. down the stairs in the hall. Besides there were the periodical sprees that now and then landed h1m in jail.' Somebody had to supplement the family income. Mrs. Easton "This is my daughter, Eileen," Mrs. Kelly said. used to put the children to bed at seven o'clock and go out scrubbing She was a _pretty girl ready for the evening in a party dress. Hoops office buildings until one in the morning. As Mr. Easton got worse, of green, that looked like jade, swung from her small ears, and on her Robert the eldest boy, had to leave school with his " working papers " feet were satin slippers. And this was the girl who had gathered coal and go' to a factory. Then there was sickness and high prices, and the from the dumps. Such is the fairy magic that was wrought by the pen that signed the new amendment. family bad to have other aid. . . But now, to-day,-the Eastons are among those who, like the Collins But Eileen isn't all. Mrs. Kelly's eyes are the eyes of a happy family, have dropped out of the charity records. And they had moved woman. The short sleeves and the round-cut neck of her blue house­ gown revealed plump arms and a white throat. It caught the gleam so far away out of their poyerty and up in the scale of comfort that I of a gold necklace. bad difficulty in locating them. Mrs. Kelly blushed like a girl. "It's my prohibition present," she ~Irs. Easton, wiping up the floor in her neat four-room apartment, admitted. " I got it the Christmas after Murphy's closed. rose from her knees and dried her hands. " It's me that knows the "'Will ye give me a good dinner if I give ye somethin', Maggie? misery there is in drink," she said. "All he earned, my man used to Pat says to me. leave at the saloon. Oh, the tears I wept and the ·prayers I said! "' Oh, go 'long wid ye,' I says. 'There's always a good dinner for ye And nothing at all did any good until the places closed so it wasn't when there's the makin's of one in the house.' right within his easy reach. Now I don't have to go scrubbin' any " 'But Maggie,' he says awkward like, ' I got somethin' fer ye.' more. He brings his pay envelope home every week. And we're livin' An' he pushed a little white box in my hand, an' there the necklace like folks. And I put by $5 every month in a bank account. And lay in blue velvet. Pat took it out. I couldn't. An' he clasped it on Robert since his father stopped drinkin', I was able to put back in my neck. I ain't never had it off. An' I never shall. school.' In another year he'll be ready for the printer's trade." " It seemed like," she said it very softly, " it seemed like when he Mrs. Easton stopped for a moment. Then, "My man ain"t spendin' put the ring on my finger." anything for drink," she said slowly, " but," she added, " still there's She reached in her dress for the locket. As she opened it for me to times it's given to him that we once in awhile have the trouble. You see, she said defensively: "It was only the drink in my man made see, he works iii a garage now. He's the kind that pleases the fine him not himself. There's not a better man anywhere than Patrick people, an' they pass him a bottle for a tip. I say to him, ' Why don't sober." you tell them you don't want the stuff that's only made misery for you and your family?' But he says he has to be obligin'. So once in And I looked with interest at the handsome Irish face that has man­ aged to hold a woman's lo·ve for better, for worse, through so many awhile there's trouble. An' it's so hard for my girl that's a Girl Scout, years of the worst of it. and the other children, to have folks think their father's a drunkard." The shadow on Mrs. Easton·s face deepened. "My heart's in my That can't always be done. In a Pennsylvania factory town, I mouth now because he didn't show up for dinner to-day. .An' I'm talked with Mrs. Parker, to whom also " the luck has come.'' But watchin' the door to see. I'm so fearful he'll ha,·e somethin' on him there's a note of hardness in her voice that hides a broken heart. "The only way you can be sure of a man," she says, "is when he to-night. I'll know before he opens the door. ll'or he'll stumble a little on the stairs. An' the first look in his eyes, I'll see." can't get it. I scrubbed eight children through school while their With a sigh of resignation, she added : " But, praise be to God, it's father's money went for whisky. The works kept back the t•ent from go much better than it once was ! It's only now and then. And it his wages, and the Society helped. Now Frank Parker hasn't been used to be all the while." drunk for seven years, not since our town went dry locally. He's got $1,100 in the bank." She brought the bank book for me to see. I left Mrs. Easton straining for the sound of the stumbling step on " He gives me half the pay envelope,'' she continued. " I said I'd the stair. And in another quarter of the city I found the Burke take mine where I could see it. And I have. The player piano, ther~ 2680 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-ROUSE JANUARY ·29 cost 250. There\s a full coal-bin in the cellar. This house I paid to go o~ the bar. At the great steel plant 500 workingmen come $4.000 for. I bought it In wnr time, and there was some thought the to their daily labor in their own caTs. With employees entirely sober, price was too high. But, you see, I've wanted a home all my life. accidents trom careless handling of machinery have dropped 54 per I couldn't wait. Then the location, too, counted. But I said I'd lived cent, and absences from work, with the elimination of Saturday night all my married life in back alleys. Now I'd have my house right on sprees, have .decreased 80 per cent. Prosperity is everywhere appar­ M nin Street." ent. Three new churches have been built, and homes for which women We sat talking like this in the comfortable sitting room. Suddenly, have waited. Out on the edge of the city, a whole colony of them as I looked into th1! eyes of the woman before me, I knew. The voice has been erected since the owners changed the plaee of deposit for had trailed away in an echo that rang from all the homes through their savings from the saloon to the bank. Many o! the colony are which I had passed. foreigners, who formerly had deemed it as neces~ary to " drink " as " So the last time the judge•s wlte sent for me to wash, I told her to eat. I wasn't doing any :washing now but my own-" Ludoek came from some place in what ls now Czechoslovnlda, 27 And it was not alone Mrs. Parker and ?\irs. Collins and the rest years ago. He was a good workingman. But when Coatesville went who ~:~poke. But I had found one whom all of us have missed, our dry, he went tn despair to the superintendent of the mill. Long Lost Washerwoman. The shadow of her was outlined against the "No beer, no whisky, me no kin work," he p:rotested in all tenement and all the miserable little homes across the railroad tracks seriousness. in .all the small towns. She ftashed for an instant before me with her He · was told that these were Inexorable conditions. A few weeks bent shoulders and her bedraggled skirts and her slouching step. Then pass d. Ludock returned with a radiant face and a bright idea. she was gone. Something tells me we shall not see ber again. Women "No beer, no whisky, me buy a house," he declared. don't wash for other women when they don't have to. When their Others of the employees became converts to Ludock's plan, and the husband's don't drink, they don't have to. colony grew. To-day Lndock owns his own house and two more be­ Oh, I know it's not so good for us--for you and me and the judge's sides that rent for $30 a month each. All have bath rooms, steam wife. But 52e what it i for the washerwoman's children. beat, and electric lights. Ludock has now retired from the steel mlll There's this to remember, too, that when boys and girls go wrong, to run a jitney that meets the trains at the station. There is also there are taxes to pay for tu'restlng them. Sin-ce the coming of pro­ another car 1n his ·garage at home. hibition Chieago has about 1.,500, and New York 3,000 fewer arrests "What for?" I ask In some bewilderment. per year for juvenile delinquency than was the average for the wet ''Why, f{)r my family to use whell they come into town,'' explained years. In some of the districts of the large cities, there are now Ludock. fewer calls in a year than formerly in a month, for the services of the No; his property is not quite clear. There is a small mortgage on it. Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children. School departments "It costs so much to send a boy to college," says Ludock. everywhere report that where children were once getting working "What?" I asked, thinking I had not heard aright. paper , they ru-e now remaining in .school to get an education. "Phila­ But it is so. Ludock's eldest son is studying medicine and ts going delphia bas some interesting records showing that where formerly be­ to be a doctor. tween 100 and 200 children a month wer~ withdrawn from school to Homes like Ludock's now dot the hillsides hereabout. Even before supplement -a family income depleted by a drunken father, the average they could be completed the standard of living in Coatesville had begun now is about 15. · to rise. Where the bars went out these stores at once moved in-a Sociologists have pronounced the Volstead Act the greatest child 5-ee.nt store, a 10-cent store, a lunch room, a bakery, a fish store, a welfare measure ever Invented. It is going far .also to eliminate general market, two clothing stores, and a shoe store. Within four poverty. The partial prohibition enforcement tbat now prevails bas months, after the town went dry, one butcher's sales had jumped by already lifted above the ranks of the submerged so many Collinses ~.JOO per month, a baker's by $600, and a furniture store reported June and Kellys. and Davis , and thousands or others, that statistics and July sales $3,500 a month ahead of those for the corresponding givE:' us a startled pause as we read them. In Detroit, poorhouse period in the previous year. admissions dropped trGm 2,214 before, to 00 after prohibition. The With the coming o! national prohibition what happened in Coatesville Boston Family Welfare Society in 1917 had drink a factor in 27 was repeated in America at large. Business began at once to expand. per cent of its cases, and in 1920 in but 2lh pE:'r cent. In some of' Merchants everywhere made J:eady. A national drink bill formerly the smaller towns like Fitchbur-g, Mass., the number of families re­ amounting to over $2,000,000,000 yearly bad been largely wiped out. quiring assistance .has been cut 50 per cent. And 21 of the large It was easy to see how there was going to be money to shop with now. cities of the United States, including New York and Chicago, fihow In New York the Bowery turned 44 saloons Into 63 stores, and Sixth an average urop of 74 per cent in eases in which drink is a factor Avenue 46 saloons into 142 stores. Over on Eighth Avenue, where in the iamily breakdown. there used to be three saloons and a pool room to every four corners, Beyond these publicly tabulated 1lgures are other tllousands wh() you can now count the stores that have come instead. Not so long ago have found freedom .from poverty. There are even homes that never the Star Department Emporium, where Mrs. Collins bought her lino­ a-perienced pdl'ation, which nevertheless before the coming of the new leum. was selling just notions and hosiery and aprons. But with the order were missing much tbat they might have had. In Philadelphia, pay envelope tossed Into their laps, the tenement women began to de­ in one of the little red brick houses that stand all in a row, an excited mand much more. And the little store spread into .an "emporium," and happy woman exclaimed to me : with four great plate-glass windows. There are a good many jewelry " For 20 years we've paid rent here, now we've just bought the stores ; men are buying trinkets. There are crockery stores, candy bouse.'' stores, but most of all {here are shoe stores. Tbe Tub of Blood isn't Ll.ke this all tht·ough the country, you find people buying and build· the only saloon that has given way to that purpose. It is often so. ing houses. There is one other striking evidence of what has occured. Two new stores in Denver bung out the sign, "Buy shoes where you It's the automobiles that are being pmchas~. Up in the little town used to buy booze." Seattle opened five retail shoe stores ln place of of Ipswich In Massachusetts, the .chairman of the board of selectmen five saloons. said to me: Next after shoes, wages that once bought whisky now buy milk. " Before J)rohibition we used to have the automobile agency In this Sales throughout the United States have increased by 26 per cent. town. Now we have five automoblle alesrooms. And folks own cars When Denver went dry one milk route found its sales bad jumped by who never before bad the money to buy a wheelbarrow." $150, another by $160, and a third by $450 a. month. And in Boston, The factories, too, tell the same story. Packingtown, the dwelling where the Burke rannly are getting their Six quarts a day, the city's section back of Chicago's stockyards, bas a line of automobiles to consumption in 1920, in spite of the advance in pclce, was the highest rival a millionaire's row. It is an industrial district that most vividly in a decade. refle-cts the prohibition panorama. Like this, conditions everywhere have registered prosperity. Savings Let's look at Coatesville. This is a Pennsylvania town of about bank deposits have risen an average of about 33 per cent. And 15,000 population. And Coatesville got a good running start on throughout the country it is families like the Eastons and the Parkers some of the rest of us by going dry locally about 1912. Of course, and the Ludocks who are back of this financial phenomenon. It is t hE:'y had some wets who were as resentful about it as were those In quite evident that a great many people, perhaps even millions, have New York State who have secured the repeal of the enforcement law. been set free for the enjoyment of co.lllfort they never knew before. In Coatesville, too, they got the bars back. Then a drunken man You really can't count all the new rights that have arrived. But there killed a policeman, and a drunken mob lynched the murderer. And is one that's unmistakable. Practically the Volstead Act has amounted the evidence was at hand that banished booze once and for all. In to an amnesty proclamation for thousands of men previously periodi­ 1916 Coatesvtlle was pel'lilallently dry. cally in jail. In Coatesville the pati·ol wagon has entirely gone out of To-day they show you the results. Poverty has practically dis­ business. In New York City, where anests for intoxication for nine appeared. Some families went right off the relief lists Qn to the years before prohibition averaged 18,373 yearly, the average for the ~anking lists. When only four months of prohibition, the Coatesville three years following prohibition dropped to 6,917. Everywhere you saV1ngs deposits had jumped by $2571000. Now, on Saturday nights find similar statistics. The Chicago workhouse in 1922 had hundreds at the banks, you may .see the long lines of wotkingmen slipping over of empty cells. Within 00 days after Lafayette, Ind., went dry the the counter through .the teller'.s window the pay envelopes that used jail there was without a prisoner, a llitherto unheard of experience in 192& CONGJ{ESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 2681

Tippecanoe County. Now you can't begin to count the places that .are for all expenses of the entire Government for the year 1890 through with their jails. The county jail at Newburgh, N. Y., is being only $385,522,367.61. closed. Ipswich and Newburyport, Mass., have sold theirs. Birming­ I will go back to the Forty-third Congress, 1875, and begin ham, Ala., has turned a $100,000 jail into a schDol. Surely one of the with that year, as there is still living and a ::\!ember of this clearest results of the eighteenth amendment is that a good deal of House one who was here then. Our distinguished friend from personal liberty formerly behind the bars has been released. Ohio, General S:a:ERWOOD, was here in 1875 in the Forty-third Even there are gentlemen whD never have gone to jail who are not Congress. without benefit of prohibition to-day. I know a m.an who is a com­ Now, l€t me show you the total annual appropriations for all muter and makes his garden and. IDQWS his lawn in a charming suburb. of the expenses of the _Government in the Forty-third Congress, Nowadays he no longer comes wa-vering up the walk from the station. when our distinguished colleague from Ohio, General SHER­ And his wife can go to church on Sunday and look the neighbors in the WOOD, was then a Member sitting here. There was in the year face without feeling a cringing apology to the community. 1875, covering all of our expenses and for all of the depart­ There is a. woman who spent the night on her ~ before a satin ments and bureaus of Government, only $325,666,791.89 appro­ quilted bed praying that the "Volstead bill might pass next day. After priated. The next year in that Congress, 1876, there was it became a law she notified her lawyer that she had decided not to go $328,128,199 ..32 appropriated as total governmental expenses for on with her divorce. all of the departments. In the Forty-fourth Congress, for the • "If anything sb.Duld happen that my husband begins drinking again," year 1877, there was $299,591,138.70 appropriated, covering all she told me, " I'm going out with a hatchet, as Mrs. Nation did, and governmental expenses and for all of the departments and smash the saloons." bureaus of the Government. In the next year, 1878, there was "Tell her there's a better way," another woman said to me. "We've $296,006,694.21 appropriated, covering all governmental ex­ got prohibition. What we need is men in office to enforce it. Votes pen es. In the Forty-fifth Co11t,~es , for the year 1879. there by women can put them there." was $332,407,776.68 appropriated, covering all governmental And she told me of the save American crusade. Through your Sun­ expenses and for all departments and bureaus. In 1880 there day school class or your missionary circle or your woman's club you was appropriated for all governmental expenses and for all will hear of it in your town. Organizations representing ten million departments and bureaus only $372,119,629.30. In the Forty­ women are enlisted for next November. Any political candidate, from sixth Congress, in 1881, there was for all governmental ex­ mayor to President, who gets these votes must pledge himself to the penses only $361,572,204.39 appropriated for all the departments enforcement of the United States Constitution down to the eighteenth and bureaus. amendment. The CHAIRMAN. The time of the gentleman from Texa-s "There's an Army and NavY to do it with," ('Oncluded the lady. has expired. · She bears a name that is written into our country's history. Some of her ancestors who wrote it there looked from their framed portraits Mr. BLANTON. Mr. Chairman, I uriderstood that the gen­ on the wall of the room in which we sat before an open fl..re. She wore tleman from Louisiana ha-d promised me 15 minutes in general a lovely dinner gown of old Chinese blue. debate, but he did not so understand- it and was unable to give "I've dedicated my life to the movement to wipe out alcohol," she me the time, hence I would like to ask for a little more time. said. .And the necklace at her throat gleamed and flashed as she leaned Mr. SANDLIN_ Mr. Chairman, I would like to say that I forward in the firelight's glow. "You see," she mused, "I know the never definitely promised the gentleman 15 minutes, but I told hell it makes for men and women." him I would try to take care of him the best I could. .As the She looked steadily into the fire. "I'm not speaking academically," gentleman stands on that statement, I want to make the RECORD she added. "I mean Dick. Nothing has ever helped at all until pro­ correct. hibition came. Then for the first time in the terrible years when the Mr. BLANTON. Well, Mr. Chairman, I ask for five minutes hotels and the clubs went dry, Dick became sober. Only once has he more. . slipped. ' Eleanor,' he said to me, ' the only way I'll ever be safe is The CH.A.IRMAl~. The gentleman from Texas asks unani­ when the cursed stuff is out of my reach.'" mous consent to proceed for five additional minutes. Is there Some day it m.ay happen like that, as it did in Kansas. Prohibition objection? [.After a pause.] The Chair liear none. began to prohibit out there when there arose a brave man. He was Mr. BLANTON. Mr. Chairman, the total appropriations­ the district'" attorney who, with a menacing mob at his heels, pad­ covering all expenses of Government for the yeaF 1882 amounted locked every saloon in Kansas City. Then the State of Kansas, show­ to only $365,965,419.83. In the Forty-seventh Congress the total log 40 counties without a prisoner for the penitentiary in 10 years, appropriations covering all expenses of the Government for the made its banner record. year 1883 amounted to only $422,138,073.3~ for all departments The United States is not yet dry like that. But already Mrs. Col­ and bu-reaus. The total appropriations for all expen es of lins hasn't been thrown. downstairs in three years. A great many peo­ Government for the year 1884 amounted to only $355,297,875.23. ple have. roast lamb for dinner. See all the little children drinking In the Forty-eighth Congress for the year 1885 the total appro­ milk. And the shoes on people's feet And the money in the bank and priations covering all expenses of the Government amounted to tbe coal in the bin. One little old Uberty was canceled, the right of a only $318,829,489.13, while for the year 1886 the total appropri­ man to the pursuit of a drink. Balance it, if you please, with a world ations covering all expenses of the Government amounted to only set free for the parsuit of happiness instead- $336,439,913.20. In the Forty-ninth Congress for the year 1887 The great Amercian principle is unimpaired. Let the flag still wave. the total appropriations for all expenses of the Government And next November, please remember Charlie Davis's father. Surely amounted to only 387,330,971.99, while fo.r the yeaT 1888 the you're going to help. total appropriations for an expenses of the Government The Clerk read as follows: amount-ed to only $359,011,523.52. In the Fiftieth Congre s for the year 1889 the total appropriations for all expenses of Be it enacted, etc., That the following suiDB are appropriated, out the Go-vernment amounted to only $408,624,057.37, while for the cf any money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, for the year 1890 the total appropriations covering all expenses of Executive Office and sundry independent executive bureaus, boards., the Government amounted to only $385,522,367.61, against which commissions, and offices, for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1926, compare the present bill now· before us, which provides only namely: for the executive and independent offices and does not provide l\lr. BLANTON. J\.!r. Chairman, I offer an amendment. one cent of any of the 10 departments of the· Government or any _ The OHA.IRMAN. The gentleman from Texas ofrers an of their many bureaus, yet it appropriates the enormous sum amendment which the Clerk will report. of $452,349,617, which is $66,827,250 more than all of our total The Clerk read as follows : governmental expenses were in the year 1890. Mr. Bw.NTON offers the following amendment: Page 1, line 3, strike Now, remember tfiat I began with the year 1875 in the out the words " the following sums are appropriated." Forty-third Congress, when our colleague here, General SHER­ wooD, began his distinguished service, and then our distin­ l\lr. BLANTON. Mr. Chairman, this bill, which is providing guished colleague from Virginia, Mr. ST. GEORGE TucKER, also funds merely for the executive and independent offices, seeks to began a distinguished service. appropriate $452,349,617. This bill does not embrace appropria­ Mr. STEVENSON. Will the gentleman yield to me. tionR for any of the 10 departments of Government, the 10 Ur. BLANTON. I yield to the gentleman. departments of Government and their respective bureaus all :U:r. STEVENSON. The gentleman made a mistake his­ being provided for in other bills. I want to call attention to torically. Judge HE1\"TBY ST. GEoRGE TuCKER was not here in the fact that this one bill alone appropriates IllJ)re money than the Forty-third Oongre s, but his father, Judge John Ran­ all of the departments of Government and all their bureaus dolph Tucker, a famous constitutional lawyer, was a Member received during many Congresses, embracing them all up to in 1875. The gentleman from Virginia [l\fr. TucKER] was and including the Fiftieth Congress, the total appropriations not here until the Fifty-first Congress. I did not want the 268.2 CONGRESSIONAii RECORD-HOUSE J.ANUARY 29

gentleman from Virginia classed as an antediluvian in his I total governmental expenses nearly $100,000 000 less than thi~ absence. [Laughter.] one bill spends simply for the Ex:ecuti\e Office and the inde­ Mr. BLANTON. I made that mistake by looking at an old pendent establishments of this Government, and for none of the RECORD. I thank my friend for correcting it. 10 departments, it is time for the American people to take 1\Ir. STEVENSON. But his father, John Randolph Tucker, note of it and to cause steps to be taken through their Con­ a famous constitutiona! lawyer, was a Member of this House gress to stop it. It is growing all the time. in the Forty-third Congress. Mr. S.NELL. Will the gentleman yield? 1\Ir. BLANTON. But General SHERWOOD was here in the Mr. BLil"'TON. I yield. Forty-third Congress; there is no donut about that, and there Mr. SNELL. Ninety per cent of this bill is for the Veterans' is no doubt about the fact that when our distinguished col- Bureau ; would the gentleman cut that out? league from Ohio, General SHERWOOD, began his service here :Mr. BLANTON. No; of course, I would not. in 1875 the total appropriations that year for all go\ernmental 1\Ir. SNELL. Then what are you complaining about? expenses amounted to only $325,666,791.89; and that in the 1\Ir. BLANTON. But 90 per cent of it is not for the Vet- Fiftieth Congress the total appropriations for all govern- erans' Bureau, because the Shipping Board covers more tha~ mental expenses for the year 1890 amounted to only $385,522,- 10 per cent of the bill alone. • 367.61, while this bill now before us, providing only for the Mr. Chairman, I ask unanimous consent to revise and ex- executi\e and independent offices alone appropriates $452,- tend my remarks and to put in a full table I have prepared 349,617, and all of the 10 departments of the Go\ernment and covering the remainder of these years. their many bureaus get their supply money from other bills. The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from Texas asks unani- Mr. CHINDBLOM. Will the gentleman yield? Did the mous consent to revi e and extend his remarks in the manner gentleman need for his own support as much 30 years ago as indicated? Is there objection 'l he needs now? Mr. CHINDBLOM. Mr. Chairman, reserving the right to Mr. BLANTON. I will answer that in a moment. object, is the gentleman going back to the beginning of the Mr. CHINDBLOM. The gentleman has grown and so has history of this country? the country. Mr. BL~"'TON. No; only from the Forty-third Congress Mr. BLANTON. Now let us consider the total appropria- down. . . tions in the Fifty-third Congress. In that Congress the dis- The CHAIRMAN. Is there obJection? tinguished gentlemau from Wisconsin (Mr. CooPER] was here. There was no objection. The Speaker, the gentleman from Massachusetts (Mr. GILLETT] Mr.. BLA:NT

lNDEPE...'IIDFh"iT ESTA.BLISHME:-vernment; that ou.r return of make it a burden on the administration-to wait until we get the property to individuals in Germany was dependent upon that money; or should we go on and do what we are going to do any claims that the United States might have against the Ger­ about this alien property and turn .it back to the claimants .if man people, for the reason that it has never been neld that they are entitled to it? Six years have already passed since private property of individuals could have been taken to sat­ tho close of the war. isfy public ·obligations. :Mr. WOOD. My theory is, and I so advocated and expressed l\Ir. WOOD. I agree with "the gentleman in principle but myself this afternoon, assuming a basis has been made for the he will admit that that was one of the e.xcnses. ' settlement of these claims, the United States Government, -rely­ Mr. RAYBURN. But it was only an excuse. ing upon the good faith of the German Government, ought to ~Ir. WOOD. I never agreed to it then and I do not agree immediately take some steps to .send this pr·operty 1>ack to the to it now. people to whom it belongs and get rid of this activity, which is The Clerk read as follows; costing the Government a whole lot of money. AMERICAN BATTLE MONUME.!'I"TS COMMISSION Mr. COI\'NALLY of Texas. I thoroughly agree with the gentleman from Indiana and I am glad to ·see that dnTing The unexpended balances ot the appropriations made for the ex­ the colloquy the gentleman from Ohio [1\.fr. LoNGWORTH], penses of the American Battle Monuments Commission by the first the leader on the majority side, has come in, because I really deficiency act, fisc.al year 1924, approved April 2, 1924, and by the think this is one place where the Government can economize. act making appropriations for the Executive office and sundry inde­ We eould get rid of this expensive bureau and we could do pendent executive bureaus, board!l, commissions, and offices, for the justice to these aliens because if we intend to turn their prop­ fiscal year ending June 30, 1925, and for- other purposes, approved erty back to them we ought to do it, and if we are not June 7, 1924, are extended and made available until June 30, 19Z6, going to turn it back to them but are going to appropriate for the purposes set forth in said acts, including the employment of it for the payment of American claims, we ought to do that. necessary technical and professional serv1ces, and in addition for th& Mr. WOOD. To my mind there is absolutely no use for maintenance, repair, and operation of motor-propelled pa enger-car­ the continuation of the Alien "Property Custodian, but there r:ying vehicles since June 1, 1924, furnished by the Secretary of War has to be some affirmative and eonstructive legislation before or other departments of the Governmcnt far the official use of said it can be disposed of, and the committee that has that in charge coiiUllission and its personnel in foreign countries : Provided, That ought to take immediate cognizance of it. no part of this sum shall be expended on a program of construction Mr. RAYBURN. If the gentleman will yield-­ work under the act of March 4, 1923, 1:he complete co~t of which Mr. CONNALLY of Texas. Yes. shall exceed $3,000,000. Mr. RAYBURN. I will state to the gentleman from In­ 1\Ir. BLA...~TON. Mr. Chairman, I move to strike out the last diana that au amendment to that effect was offered to the word. I want to call the attention of the gentleman from New last Alien Property Custodian bill, which was up in the Honse York to this appropriation. I .know he wants to be fair. Here and the amendment was voted down. I offered an amend­ is what the bill provides for the Shipping Board, page 28. ment that steps be taken immediately to return an of this Here is the appropriation: "' 1 (a) .Amount on hand July 1. 1925, property and get out of this business, and that amendment but not in excess of the fund sulficient to cover all obligations was voted down the last time the committee :had that matter up. incurred prior to July 1, 1925, and then unpaid." If that l\Ir. 'VOOD. 'I will state, in all fairness, and I think the should be $100,000,000, it would be whatever they have on hand. gentleman will admit, that at that time there had been no M.r. SNELL. ·was not the gentleman talking a.bout the ap­ definite settlement made with referenee to American claims. propriations made in this bill? That has now been done, and as I have said there is no further Mr. BLANTON. No; I was talking about what they had excuse for a delay in this matter. That was the only excuse access to from the authorizations in this bilL for it at that time. Mr. SNELL. I understood the gentleman to be talking about ~Ir. RAYBURN. Of course, that was not an excuse 11nder the appropriation made in this bill. the international law that had been in operation between the 1\Ir. 'BLANTON. 1 am talking about what the bill permits nations of the earth before that time. them to spend. The CHAIRMAN. The time of the gentleman from Texas Mr. SNELL. Well, let us find out what the gentleman is has expired. talking about. 2684 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JANUARY 29

1\Ir. BLANTON. Then it goes on: "(b) $24,000,000." That The CHAIRMAN. The question is on agreeing to the amend- was what the chairman of the Committee on Rules referred to. ment. Then "(c) amounts received during the fiscal year ending June The amendment was agreed to. 80, 1926, from the operation of ships." That may or may not The Clerk read as follows : be a big sum, but if it is $100,000,000 they have the right to For all printing and binding for the Board of Tax Appeals, $9,000. expend it under the provisions of this bill. Such receipts for 192-1 were $104,000,000 and for 1925 are estimated at $95,500,000. 1\Ir. WOOD. M:r. Chail·man, I move that the committee do And for the year ending June 30, 1926, these receipts may aggre­ now rise. gate $100,000,000. Now listen, here is another item: " (d) so The motion was agreed to. much of the total proceeds of all sales pertaining to liquidation Accordingly the committee rose; and the Speaker having re­ received during the :fiscal year Hl26, but not exceeding $4,000,- sumed the chair, 1\Ir. TILSON, Chairman of the Committee of 000," and so on. · the Whole House on the state of the Union, reported that that Now, all of thee four items, (a), (b), (c), and (d), make committee had had under consideration the bill H. R. 11505, funds available in this bill. The chairman ought to be fair. the ip~ependent offices appropria_tion bill, and had come to no The gentleman limited the authorization under the bill to resolution thereon. $24,000,000, which is only item (b), while the total appropria­ DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA APPROPRIATION BILL tion means alLthe sums under (a), (b), (c), and (d), and he 1\Ir. DAVIS of Minnesota, by direction of the Committee on only mentioned the one under (a), $24,000,000. Did not I have Appropriations, reported the bill (H. R. 12033) making ap­ a right to say that under this bill the Shipping Board could propriations for the government of the District of Columbia expend as much as 10 per cent of the authorization under the and other activities chargeable in whole or in part against bill? the revenues of such District for the :fiscal year ending June If they did not expend it from these various funds it would 30, 1926, and for other purposes, which was read a :first and go in the Treasury to the credit of the general fund. But this second time and, together with the accompanying report, re­ is a reappropriation in this bill, and when it is reappropriated ferred to the Committee of the ·whole House on the state of it takes it from the general fund and makes it acce sible to the Union and ordered to be printed. their order and responsive to their order. There is no differ­ l\Ir. GARRETT of Tennessee. 1\Ir. Speaker, I reserve all ence between us except that the gentleman said $24,000,000 points of order on the bill. when the bill authorizes the expenditure of very large sums EN1WLLED BILL SIGNED in addition. l\Ir. ROSENBLOOl\1, from the Committee on Enrolled Bills, Mr. CHINDBLOl\I. But after all the gentleman is guess­ reported that they had examined and found truly enrolled bill ing on how much it will be. of the following title, when the Speaker signed the same: l\1r. BLANTON. Yes; but can the gentleman from Illinois S. 1975. An act for the relief of the Commercial Union As­ guess how much it will be? .surance Co. (Ltd.), Federal Insurance Co., American & For­ Mr. CHINDBLOl\1. No. eigin Marine Insurance Co., Queen Insurance Co. of America, Mr. BLAN'.rON. Can the gentleman guess within $50,000,000? Fireman's Fund Insurance Co., United States Lloyds and the 1\Ir. CHINDBLOM. That is what !·said, the gentleman from St. Paul Fire & Marine Insurance Co. ' Texas is arguing on what he surmises. l\Ir. BLANTON. I said these may be large sums. I know TRADING WITH THE ENEMY ACT they have received large sums from receipts and sales of The SPEAKER laid before the House the following message ships in the past, and if receipts are large for 1926 they could from the President of the United States, which was read and expend that. referred to the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Com­ The CHAIRMAN. The time of the gentleman from Texas merce: has expired. The pro forma amendment is withdrawn and the To the Congress of the Un·itea States: Clerk will read. In accordance with the requirements of section 6 of the The Clerk read as follows: trading with the enemy act, I transmit herewith for the in­ BOARD OF TAX APPEALS formation of the Congress a communication from the Alien For every expenditure requisite for and incident to the work of the Property Custodian, submitting his annual report of the pro­ Board of Tax Appeals as authorized under Title IX, section 900, of ceedings bad under the trading with the enemy act for the the revenue act of 192-1, approved June 2, 1924, including ·personal year ended December 31, 1924. services and rent at the seat of government and elsewhere, traveling CALVIN CooLIDGE. expe-nses, necessary expenses for subsistence or per diem in lieu of THE WHITE HousE, January 29, 1925. subsistence, car fare, stationery, furniture, office equipment, purchase INDEPENDE~T OFFICES .APPROPRIATION BILL and exchange of typewriters, law books and books of reference, period· icals, and aU other necessary supplies, 345,320, of which amount not l\Ir. ACKERMAN. 1\Ir. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to to exceed $267,520 may be expended for personal services in the Dis­ extend my remarks upon the independent offices appropriation trict of Columbia. bill. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the requests of the 1\Ir. BLACK of Texas. l\Ir. Chah·man, I offer the following gentlemen from New Jersey? amendment, which I send to the desk. There was no objection. The Clerk read as follows : Mr. ACKERMAN. Mr. Speaker and gentlemen of the com­ Amendment offered by Mr. BLACK of Texas: Page 5, line 11, after mittee, it will be pleasing news to the million stamp collectors the word " subsistence," add " not exceeding $4." in the United States to learn that the Cong1·ess has made the 1\lr. WOOD. Mr. Chairman, that is already taken care of by usual annual appropriation for the upkeep of the collection in law in the sundry ciru act of August 1, 1914. the Smithsonian Institution this year. That the interest in Mr. BLACK of Texas. I notice in most of the paragraphs philately is increasing is evidenced by the fact that the revenue dealing with the per diem in lieu of subsistence that this to the United States by reason of the sales through the agency language is used. established by the post office for the sale of stamps to col­ Mr. WOOD. I understand so, but we left it out of this be­ lectors has increased 600 per cent since it commenced to do cau e it is already permanent law. business in 1922, and the department informs me that this year 1\Ir. BLACK of Texas. If the gentleman feels sure that that the profit accruing to the Government will run well above the is theca ·e, I shall not press it, and I ask unanimous consent to $100,000 mark! withdraw the amendment. Now that the bill has passed both Houses of Congress per­ The CHAIRl\IAN. Is there objection? mitting the use of precanceled envelopes, and that the depart­ There was no objection. ment has given orders that unused current envelopes shall be Mr. BLACK of Texas. Mr. Chairman, I offer the following sold over its counter at the Philatelic Agency, and that the amendment, which I send to the desk. new envelopes are to bear the 1925 watermark, an additional 'I'he Clerk read as follows: stimulus will be imparted to stamp collecting, which has proved of such great educational benefit to the thousands of Amendment oiiered by Mr. BLACK of Texas: Page 5, line 16, after its devotees. Combining as it does the pleasure of quest as the word "Columbia," insert: uProt:idea, That this appropriation shall well as attainment, the knowledge of history, geography, and not be available for rent of buildings in the District of Columbia if the fine arts, the strong probability of an increase in value of suitable space is provided by the Public Buildings Commission. the purchases made and the delightful relaxation afforded to l\Ir. WOOD. The committee has no objection to that amend- jaded minds because of the intense interest manifested by ment. ------tho$e who become its devotees, it can be truly considered as ..•

1925. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 2685

the " king of hobbies " as well as the " hobby of kings " in no maining on hand January 1, 1925; to the Committee on Print­ mere technical sense. 'l'he King of England and the ·King of ing. EgYilt count it one of their pleasures to own fine collections, 827. A letter_from the President of the Chesapeake & Po­ and the President of France is loaning his influence and may tomac Telephone Co., transmitting supplemental report of the exhibit some of his treasures at the exposition to be held in Chesapeake & Potomac Telephone Co., for the year 1924 ; to the Paris next May. Committee on the District of Columbia. In 1876, for our own centennial, the United States Govern­ 828. A letter from the Secretary of War, transmitting, with ):nent recognized the desirability of having two special en­ a letter from the Chief of Engineers, report on preliminary velope stamps commemorating the event prepared and issued, examination of Fresh Kills, Staten Island, N. Y.; to the Com­ and millions of them were sold. In 1892 there was a set mittee on Rivers and Harbors. issued for the Columbian Exposition at Chicago, the James­ town Exposition was also honored by a set of three values, the REPORTS OF COMMITTEES ON PUBLIC BILLS AND landing of the Pilgrams lil{ewise, the Panama-Pacific Exposi­ RESOLUTIONS tion.. was not forgotten, the Tercentenary of the Landing of the Huguenot-1Valloons was remembered. Now the word has gone Under clause 2 of Rule XIII, forth for a set to commemorate the landing of the Norsemen Mr. NEWTON of Minnesota: Committee on Interstate and several hundreds of years ago, and likewise we are to have in Foreign Commerce. H. R. 11280. A bill authorizing the con­ April next a set of three \alues to commemorate the stirring struction of a bridge across Rock River at the city of Beloit, scenes of the sesquicentennial of events in the Commonwealth county of Rock, State of Wisconsin; with an amendment of Massachusetts. Already it has been suggested that official (Rept. No. 1312). Referred to the House Calendm·. notice be taken of the forthcoming one hundred and fiftieth Mr. LAMPERT: Committee on the District of Columbia. anniversary of the Declaration of Independence, and if no S. 2803. An act to regulate within the District of Columbia the time is lost in getting out a comprehensive set sufficient funds SB;le of milk, cream, and ice cream, and for other purposes ; could be raised by the sale thereof to collectors throughout the With an amendment (Rept. No. 1313). Referred to the Com­ world to go a long way, if not to completely compensate, for any mittee of the Whole House on the state of the Union. expense that the National Treasury might be called upon to con­ Mr. HIJ..~L of 'Vashington: Committee on the Public Lands. tribute for its participation therein. By those whose memories H. R. 10687. A bill granting to the county authorities of San can run back for a score of years or more it will be recalled Juan County, State of Washington, certain described tracts of that the display of stamps of a certain Central American land on the abandoned military reservations on Lopez and country during the discussion of the Isthmian Canal caused its Shaw Islands as a right of way for county roads, and for other location to be decided at the Isthmus of Panama rather than purposes; with amendments (Rept. No. 1314). Referred to the at another point. Committee of the Whole House on the state of the Union. EVENING SESSION Mr. SHERWOOD: Committee on Military Affairs. H. R. 10771. A bill authorizing the acquisition of land and suitably Mr. LONGWORTH. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent marking the site of the Battle of Franklin, Tenn.; with amend­ that on Wednesday evening next, February 4, 1925, it shall ments ( Rept. No. 1315). Referred to the Committee of the be in order to consider bills unobjected to on the Pri\ate Whole House on the state of the Union. Calendar, between the hours of 8 and 11 o'clock, beginning Mr. FROTIDNGHA.i\1: Committee on 1\Iilitary Affairs. S where we left off. 3760. An act to amend in certain particulars the national · The SPEAKER. Is there objection? defense act of June 3, 1916, as amended, and for othwr pur­ J\Ir. GARRIDTT of Tennessee. Mr. Speaker, reserting the poses; without amendment (Rept. No. 1316). · Referred to the right to object, it has been suggested that the calendar has Committee of the Whole House on the state of the Union. now been gone through with once, except as to some bills, l\Ir. KNUTSON: Committee on Indian Affairs. S. 3080. An perhaps, that have been put on the calendar since the last act for the relief of the Dintah and White River Tribes of Ute evening session, and that it might be well now to start with Indians of Utah; with amendments (Rept. No. 1317). Referred the beginning of the calendar again. to the Committee of the whole House on the state of the Union. Mr. TILSON. We have now reached the place in the cal­ 1\Ir. LEA.YITT: Committee on Indian Affairs. H. R. 11752. endar where all of the bills on the calendar ha\e been re­ A bill to provide for extension of payment on homestead entries ported since the holiday recess. Query. Whether the bills on ceded lands ef the Fort Peck Indian Reservation, State of previously reported and that have been passed over should Montana, and for other purposes; with amendments (Rept. No. not at some time have an opportunity to have a second trial? 1318). Referred to the Committee of the Whole House on the Would the gentleman from Tennessee have any objection to state of the Union. adopting the same rule that we now use on public bills, so far Mr. SNYDER: Committee on Indian Affairs. H. R. 11998. as these bills are concerned; that is, on those bills that have A bill to amend the act of June 30, 1919, relative to per capita had one trial and have been objected to; that three objections cost of Indian schools; without amendment (Rept. No. 1319). be required just as on the Consent Calendar? Of course, Referred to the Committee of the Whole House on the state that could only be done by unanimous consent. of the Union. ]')lr. GARRET'T of Tennessee. I do not think I should ob­ Mr. ABERNETHY: Committee on the Public Lands; H. R. ject to that but I would not want to agree to it now. 11980. A bill to protide for the securing of lands in the south­ Mr. WNGWORTH. Mr. Speaker, I think I shall defer my ern Appalachian Mountains for perpetual preservation as 1 'request until to-morrow morning, when the gentleman can national parks; with amendments (Rept. No. 1320). Referred I ~ook up these matters. to the Committee of the Whole House on the state of the I Mr. GARRETT of Tennessee. Very well. Union. t LEAVE TO ADDRESS THE HOUSE Mr. LUCE: Committee on the Library. H. J. Res. 318. A ' Mr. LONGWORTH. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous con- joint resolution establishing a commission for the participation sent that after the reading and approval of the Journal to­ of the United States in the observance of the one hundred and morrow morning I be permitted to address the House for 20 fiftieth anniversary of the Battle of Bunker Hill, authorizinO' Iminutes. - an appropriation to be utilized in connection with such observ~ The SPEAKER. Is there objection? ance, and for other purpo es; without amendment (Rept. No. There was no objection. 1321). Referred to the Committee of the Whole House on the

ADJOUR~MENT state of the Union. Mr. WOOD. Mr. Speaker, I moYe that the House do now Mr. LUCE: Committee on the Library. H. R. 11799. A bill ladjourn. to secure a replica of the Houdon bust of Washington for 1 The motion was agreed to ; and accordingly (at 4 o'clock lodgment in the Pan American Building; without amendment \'and 58 minutes p. m.) the House adjourned until to-morrow (Rept. No. 1322). Referred to the Comri:littee of the Whole )'riday. January 30, 1925, at 12 o'clock noon. ' House on the state of the Union. 1\Ir. LUCE: Commitete on the Library. S. J. Res. 95. A joint resolution to authorize the American Kational Red Cross ' EXRCUTIVE COMMUNICATIONS, ETC. I to continue the use of temporary buildings now erected on Under clause 2 of Ru1e XXIV, executive communications square No. 172, 'Vashington, D. C.; with amendments (Rept. :were taken from the Speaker's table and referred as follows : No. 1323). Referred to the Committee of the Whole House I 826. A letter from the Secretary of the Treasury transmit­ on the state of the Union. ting report showing the number of documents re~eived and Mr. L UCE : Committee on the Library. H. R. 4848. A bill 1 ~distributed by the Treasury Department during the calendar to purchase a painting of the several ships of the United Yea.f ended December 31, 1924, togethe~ with the numbe~ ~e- St~tes Navy ~ 1891 a!ld entitled "Peace"; with an amend- 2686 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JANUARY .29 ment (Rept. No. 1324). Referred to the Committee of the PRIVATE BILLS ~"D ·RESOLUTIONS Whole House on the state of the Union. Under· clause 1 of Rttle XXII, private bills and resolutions Mr. DAVIS of Minnesota: Committee on Appropriations. were introduced and severally referred as follows : H. 'R. 12033. A bill making appropriations lor the government By Mr. CANNON: A. bill (H. R. 12034) granting an increase of th~ District of Columbia and other activities chargeable in of pension to Melinda Cannon ; to the Committee on Im·alid whole or in part against the revenu-es of such District for Pensions. the fiscal year ~nding June 30, 1926, and for other purposes; 1Jy Mr. CRAMTON: A bill (H. R. 12035) granting an in­ without amendme-nt (Re-pt. No. 1326). Referred ·to the Com­ crease of pension to Mary A. . McKay ; to the Committee on mittee of the ·Whole House on the state of the Union. Pensions. By Mr. GARBER: A. bill (H. R. .12036) granting an increase REPORTS OF COMMITTEES ON PRIVATE BILLS AND of JJension to Nancy A. 'Brunsteter; to the Committee on Invalid Peruiions. RESOLUTIONS By Mr. HASTINGs-: A bill (H. R. 12037) granting an in- Under clause 2 of Rule XIII, 1crease of pension to Mary A. Morrow· to the Committee on Mr. EDMONDS: Committee on Claims. ·s. 1016. An act 'Invalid Pensions. ' for the relief of Augusta Reiter; without ·amendment {Rept. 'By Mr. HA. WLEY: A bill (H. R. 12038) granting an in­ No. 1308). Referred to the Committee of ·the ~ole HoUBe. crease of _pension to Mary C. Dill; to the Committee on ~Ir. McREYNOLDS: Committee on Olaims. S. 1323. ·An . Pensions. act for the relief of Eugene K. 'Stoudemire; with an amend- :By Mr. HERSEY~ A bill (H. R. 12039) granting an in­ ment (R~pt. No. 1309). Referred to the Committee of the crease of pension to Catherine Nelligan; to the Committee on Whole House. Invalid Pensions. Mr. SWING: Committee on Naval A1tairs. H. R. 4410. A By Mr. LEA of California: A bill (H. 'R. 12040) for the bill for the relief of Arthur 'L. Hecykell; with an· amendment relief of Levi Rodenberger; to the Committee on Military ('Rept. No. 1310). Refened to the Committee of the Whole Affairs. Bouse. · By Mr. LOZIER: A bill (H. R. 12041) granting an increase 'Mr. ·VINSON of Georgia: Committee on Naval 2\ffairs. H. •of pension to Elisabeth ·Everhart; to the Committee on Invalid R. 11-871. A bill for the relief of Stephen A. FuTrell; with an .Pensions. amendment (Rept. No. 1311). Referred to the Committee ·of By Mr. MICHENER: A bill (H. R. 12042) granting a pen- the Whole House. sion to Joseph H. Cote ; to the Committee on Pensions. :Mr. HUDSON: Committee on Indian Affairs. S. 1897. An By Mr. MILLIGAN: A bill (H. R. 12043) granting an in- act for the relief of Mrs. Benjamin Gauthier ; with an amend- crease of pension to Susan Tolbert; to the Committee on ment (Re_pt. No. ~325). Referred to the Committee of the Invalid Pensions. Whole House. By Mr. MURPHY: A · bill (H. 'R. 12044) granting an in- crease of l)ension ·to Elizabeth Dennis ; to the Committee on .PUBLIC BILLS, RESOLUTIONS, AND MEMORIALS Invalid Pensions. :By Mr. REED of West Virginia: A bill (H. R. 12045) for Under clause 3 of Rule XXII, bills~ resolutions, and memorials the relief of the estate of R. B. ·Cuthbert; to ±he ·Committee on were introduced and severally referred as follows: Olaims. By Mr. LARSON of Minnesota: A bill (H. R. 12025) to au­ By Mr. ROBINSON of Iowa: A hlll (H. R. 12046) grant­ thoriz~the construction, maintenance, and operation of a bridge ing an increase of pension to Fannie nunham; to 'the Commit- across the St. Louis ·River between the cities of Superior, Wis., tee on Invalid Pensions. . and Duluth, Minn. ; to ·the Committee on Interstate and Foreign .By Mr. SNELL: A .bill (H. R. 12047) gmnting an increuse Oonunerce. . of pension to Frances L. Holmes ; ·to the Committee .an Invalid By Mr. McSWEENEY: A bill (H. R. 12026) for the erection P~ions. . of a public building at New Philadelphia, Ohio; to the Com­ Also, a bill (H. R. 12048) granting .an increase of pension mittee on Public Buildings and Grounds. to Celestia F. Powell ; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Also, a bill (H. R. 12027) for the erection of a public build­ ·Also, a bill (H. R. 12049) granting an increase of pension to ing at 1\lillersburg, Ohio; to the Cmpmittee on Public Buildings Martha B. Fisher; to the· committee on Invalid Pensions. and Grounds. By Mr. SPEAKS: A bill (H. R. 12050) granting an increase ·BY Mr. GARBER: A bill (H. R . .12028) to amend the tariff of pension to Deborah Ill. Bowling; to the Committee on In­ act of 1922 in order to provide for a tariff on hides of·cattie; valid Pensions. to the Committee 'on Ways and Means. Also, a bill (H. R. 12051) granting an increase of pension By Mr. McKENZIE: A. bill (H. R. .12029) for the relief of to Dorothea E. Morgan; to the· Committee on Invalid Pensions. sufferers from the fire at New Bern, N. C., in December, 1922; Als~, a bill (H. R. 12052) granting ·an incre·ase of pension to to the Committee on Military Affairs. Elijah Skeaton.; to the Committee on Pensions. Also, a bill (B. R. 12030) for the relief of sufferers from By Mr. STALKER : A bill (H. R. 12053) .granting an in­ cyclone in northwestern Mississippi in March, 1923 ; to the crease of -pension to Caroline Bunnell ; to the Committee on Committee on Military Affairs. Invalid Pensions. .By :Mr~ STALKER: .A bill (H. R. 1203.1) to erect a post­ By Mr. TYDINGS: A bill (H. B. 12054) granting a pension office building in the village of Bath, N. Y.; to the Committee to Friederich W. Bohrs; to the· Committee on Pensions. on Public Buildings and Grounds. By Mr. UNDERWOOD: A bill (H. R. 12055) granting an By Mr. THOMAS of Oklahoma: A b1ll (H. R. 12032) mak­ increase of pension to Mary E. Dawley; to the Committee on ing appropriations for the Wichita and Affiliated Bands of Invalid Pensions. Indians in Oklahoma ; to the Committee on Appropriations. By Mr. ·WILLIAMS of Michigan: A bill (H. R. 12056) By Mr. DAVIS of Minnesota: A bill (H. R. 12033) making granting an increase of pension to Georgiana Kilby ; to the appropriations for the government of the District of Columbia Committee on Invalid Pensions. and other activities chargeable in whole or in part against the By Mr. WINSLOW: A bill (H. R. 12057) granting an in­ revenues of such District for the fiscal year ending June 30, crease of pension to Augusta A. Rich ; to the Committee . on 1.926, and for other ·purposes; committe~ to the Committee of Invalid Pensions. the Whole House on the state of the Union. By Mr. KELLER--: Memorial of the Legislature of the State PETITIONS, ETC. of Minnesota with reference to agricultural relief; to the Com­ Under clause 1 of Rule XXII, petitions and papers were laid mittee on Agriculture. on the Clerk's desk and refe-rred as follows.: By Mr. oDAVIS ·of Minnesota : Memorial of the Legislatlll'e 3598. By Mr. CAREW: Petition of city council of the city of the State of Minnesota asking for agricultm.al relief ; w the of ·Chicago, Ill., calling attention to the nece sity of an in­ Committee on :Agriculture. creased diversion of water from Lake Michigan through the By the SPEAKER (by request): 1\Iemorial of the Legisla­ Chicago River by the sanitary district of Chicago; to the Com­ ture of the State of Idaho asking the House of Representatives mittee on Military Affairs. for favorable action on S. 2327; to the Committee on Interstate 3599 . ..By Mr. CLARKE of New York: Petition of citizens of and Foreign Commerce. the •thirty-fourth congressional district, State of New York, Also (by request), memorial of the Legislature of the State not to concur in the passage of ·Senate bill 3218, compulsory of 'Minnesota urging Congress to enact legislation to restore Sunday observance lilll ; to the Committee on the Distdct of equality to agriculture; to the Committee on Agriculture. Columbia.

I • 1925 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-~EN ATE 2687

3600. By Mr. DAVEY: Petition of 70 residents of Ravenna, ance Co., United States Lloyds, and the St. Paul Fire & Marine Ohio, protesting against the proposed compulsory Sunday Insurance Co., and it was thereupon signed by the President observance bill ( S. 3218) or any other religious legislation pro tempore. which may be pending in Congress; to the Committee on the PETITIONS .A.I'-."'ll MEMORIALS Disb·ict of Columbia. 3601. By Mr. KETCHAM : Petition of citizens of Allegan, The PRESIDENT pro tempore laid before the Senate a protesting against Senate bill 3218, a bill providing for com­ communication from the general organizer, United Brother­ pulsory Sunday observance ; to the Committee on the District hood of Carpenters and Joiners of America (Federacion of Columbia. Libre), of Santurce, Porto Rico, relative to industrial condi­ 3602. By Mr. Lll\TDSAY: Petition of the Jewish Veterans tions in Porto Rico and transmitting certain exhibits in re­ of the Wars of the Republic, 15 Park Row, New York, N. Y., gard to the wages of carpenters, joiners, and auxiliaries in that the joint resolution be passed which has been introduced the island of Porto Rico, which was referred to the Committee in Congre s providing for admission for approximately 8,000 on Territories and Insular Pos essions. immigrants now stranded at European ports, these having Mr. FRAZIER presented the memorial of Henry Schrenk passports duly viseed by the United States consuls prior to last and 32 other citizens of Logan and Mcintosh Counties, in the July and being prevented from sailing because of exhaustion State of North Dakota, remonstrating against the passage of of quotas and new immigration law; this petition is pre ented in legislation providing for compulsory Sunday observance in effort to undo grave injustice and to favor humanitadan meas­ the District of Columbia, which was referred to the Committee ures; to the Committee on Immigration and Naturalization. on the Disb'ict of Columbia. 3603. Also, petition of John H. McCandle s, secretary courts He also pre ented a re olution adopted by the Home Eco­ committee, organized to promote the interest of the interior nomic Club, of Ryder, N. Dak., favoring the adoption of the criminal courts, headquarters 69 Schermerhorn Street, Brook­ child labor amendment to the Constitution, which was re· lyn, N. Y., care Brooklyn Bureau of Charities, that House bill ferred to the Committee on the Judiciary. 5195, by Congressman GRAHAM, be accorded favorable consider­ Mr. CAPPER presented a resolution adopted by the Kansas ation by reason of the great good to be derived from the ex­ State Board of Agriculture, favoring the permanent improve­ tending of the probation system to the Federal courts, which ment of the Missouri River to Kansas City, Mo., which was do not now have the power of placing offenders on probation. referred to the Committee on Commerce. There has been ample opportunity to observe the workings of He also presented a memorial of sundry citizens of Galena, probation, especially for first offenders, and the courts com­ Kans., remonstrating against the passage of legislation pro· mittee of which Mr. McCandless is secretary are convinced that nding for compulsory Sunday observance in the Distl'ict of it is highly desirable that the Federal courts should have this Columbia, which was referred to the Committee on the Dis4 same power. 'Vhen consideration is given to the high type of trict of Columbia. Federal judges, we believe that we can count upon a wise choice REPORTS OF COMMITTEES of the cases to be placed on probation, and that the appoint­ ment of well-qualified probation officers to administer the sys­ Mr. FERNALD, from the Committee on Public Buildings tem could be safely counted upon. The Brooklyn courts com­ and Grounds, to which were referred the following bills, re· mittee earnestly petitions support for this measure when it ported them severally without amendment: comes up for passage ; to the Committee on the Judiciary. H. R. 7821. An act to convey to the city of Astoria, Oreg., a 3604. By Mr. McDUFFIE: Petition of 40 residents of Mobile, certain strip of land in said city ; Ala., opposing the proposed Sunday observance law ( S. 3218) ; H. R. 7911. An act to authorize the Secretary of the Treas4 to the Committee on the District of Columbia. ury to sell the appraisers' stores property in Providence, 3605. By Mr. WELLER: Petition of the Rotary Club, of R. I.; and New York, urging that subtreasury building in New York City H. R. 11501. An act for the exchange of land in El Dorado, be converted into a national memorial and historic head­ Ark. quarters and to provide a permanent museum to contain speci­ Mr. COPELAI\'D, from the Committee on Naval Affairs, to mens of all the coinage from the outset of this country; to the which were referred the following bills, reported them each Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds. without amendment and submitted reports thereon: S. 3676. An act for the relief of Harry Newton {Rept. No. 939); and SENATE · H. R.1717. An act authorizing the payment of an amount equal to six months' pay to Joseph J. Martin (Rept. No. 940). FRIDAY, January 30, 1925 Mr. BAYARD, from the Committee on Claims, to which was referred the bill (H. R. 9535) authorizing suits against '(Legislative day of Mondtly, January 26, 1295) the United States in admiralty for damage caused by and The Senate met at 12 o'clock meridian, on the expiration of salvage services rendered to public vessels- belonging to the the recess. United States, and for other purposes, reported it with an Mr. CURTIS. Mr. President, I suggest the absence of a amendment and submitted a report (No. 941) thereon. quorum. Mr. CARAWAY, from the Committee on Claims, to which The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The clerk will call the roll. was referred the bill (H. R. 8329) for the relief of Albert S. The principal legislative clerk called the roll, and the follow­ Matlock, reported. it without amendment and submitted a ing Senators answered to their names: report {No. 942) thereon. _ Ball Fert·is Kendrick Reed, Mo. Mr. CAPPER, from the Committee on Claims, to which Bayard Fess Keyes Reed, Pn. were referred the following bills, reported them severally Bingham Fletcher Kin"' Sheppard Borah Frazier Mclfellar Shields without amendment, and submitted reports thereon: Brookhart George McKinley Shipstead H. R. 5752. An act for the relief of George A. Petrie ( Rept. Broussard Gerry .McLean Shortridge No. 943); Bruce Glass McNary Simmons Butler Gooding Mayfield Smoot H. R. 8727. An act for the relief of Roger Sherman Hoar Cameron Greene Means Spencer (Rept. No. 944) ; and Capper Hale Metcalf Stanley R. Caraway Harreld Moses Sterling H. 8741. An act fo1• the relief of Flora M. Herrick (Rept. Copeland Harris Neely Swanson No. 945). Couzens Harrison Norbeck Trammell Mr. METCALF, from the Committee on Naval Affairs, to Cummins Heflin Norris Wadsworth Curtis Howell Oddie Walsh, Mass. which was referred the bill (H. R. 6436) for the relief of Dale John on, Calif. Overman Warren Isidor Steger, reported it without amendment and submitted Dial Johnson, Minn. PeJ?per Watson a report (No. 946) thereon. Dill Jones, N. l!lex. Phipps Wheeler Fernald Jones, Wash. Ralston Willis CHANGES OF REFERE~CE The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Seventy-six Senators have answered to the roll call. There is a quorum present. Mr. PEPPER, from the Committee on the Library, to which was referred the joint resolution ( S. J. Res. 164) to pronde MESSAGE FROM THE HOUSE-ENROLLED BILL SIGNED payment for additional work on the Grant Memorial, Wash­ A message from the House of Representatives by Mr. Farrell, ington, D. C., moved that that committee be discharged from one of its clerks, announced that the Speaker of the House had its further consideration and that the joint resolution be affixed his signature to the enrolled bill ( S. 1975) for the referred to the Committee on Claims, which was agreed to. relief of the Commercial Union Assurance Co. (Ltd.), Fed­ Mr. HALE, f1·om the Committee on Naval Affairs, to which eral Insurance Co., American and Foreign Marine Insurance was referred the bill (H. R. 917) for the relief of Ernest "F. Co., Queen Insurance Co. of America, Fireman's Fund Insur- Church, formerly boatswain, United States Naval ReserYe,