International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 2, Issue 11, November 2012 ISSN 2250-3153 Page - 1 - of 9 APPLICATION OF RS & GIS IN FLOOD MANAGEMENT A CASE STUDY OF MONGALKOTE BLOCKS, BURDWAN, WEST BENGAL, INDIA. Kartic Bera1, Moumita Pal2 & Dr. Jatisankar Bandyopadhyay3 Department of Remote Sensing & GIS, Vidyasagar University ABSTRACT: Flood is a natural hazard Geographical Information Systems (GIS) is also resulting from extreme geophysical events to now being used in several studies to delineate create an unexpected threat to human life and the flood-hazard areas by incorporating property. Flood risk steams from the likelihood meteorological, geomorphological, that a major hazards event will occur topographical, land use and demographical unexpectedly and that it will impact negatively on data, with an aim to achieve a reduction in the the people and their welfare. Flood management loss of life, disruption and damages caused by planning is a very important which helps to floods (Sanyal and Lu, 2003; Bapalu and Sinha, rescue the flood affected people to mitigate the 2005). Remote sensing technologies are problem of flood and to take necessary preventive excellent tools in the mapping of the spatial measures .It is a planned and integrated distribution of disaster related data within a management approach with the help of Remote relatively short period of time. Applications of sensing and Geographic Information System and using data from satellites to predict weather- data on socio economic characteristics to render related disastrous phenomena, such as extreme right suggestions to the people. The study rainfall is widely known and frequently utilized. describes an efficient & scientific approach with Satellite data can be used before, during and suitable illustrations of map and real time flood after a disaster, for prevention, monitoring, inundations. The areas, which are highly flood mitigation and relief operations, respectively. affected, are delineated. So that, the flood Areas affected by flooding are typically large in affected people can be rescued from inundation size. It has been demonstrated that using and can be evacuated to different safe places. satellite data for flood mapping becomes economically advantageous with respect to KEYWORDS: GIS, Remote Sensing, Flood ground survey for a large area. Though floods are disruptive events and the occurrences of management, Flood variation, Flood level, & floods cannot be prevented they are actually Channelization. natural features of a river system and their role in replenishing, the floodplain cannot be INTRODUCTION: Floods are one of the ignored. In recent times, the sole focus has been most common natural calamities that on how floods can be checked, not how Mongalkote block has to face almost every year societies can live with floods. (Chakrabarty, in varying degrees. There is now greater A.). The negative consequences can be lessened emphasis on non-structural measures of flood by an integrated approach to disaster management and control, rather than on management. Disaster management includes 4 structural measures. These measures include elements such as: mitigation, preparedness, flood forecasting, flood-inundation mapping response and recovery (Quarantelli, E.1991). and flood plain zoning. Remote sensing has Different type of physical and climatic emerged as an indispensable tool in the study of condition of the study area must be analyzed to floods, particularly with its capacity to provide build a good proposal of reducing flood (Al- near real-time data, enabling preparation of Sabhan et.al 2003). maps of inundated areas and assessment of damages. Several studies connected with floods HISTORICAL OVERVIEW ON (areal extent, zonation, damages) have been FLOOD: Mongalkote block has been undertaken on the basis of Remote Sensing suffering from floods since time immemorial. Techniques (Jain and Sinha, 2003; Sankhua, et The evidence of flood in the form of yellowish al. 2005; Jain et al. 2005; Prasad, et al. 2006). APPLICATION OF RS & GIS IN FLOOD MANAGEMENT A CASE STUDY OF MONGALKOTE BLOCKS, BURDWAN, WEST BENGAL, INDIA: Bera, et. al (2012), www.ijsrp.org International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 2, Issue 11, November 2012 ISSN 2250-3153 Page - 2 - of 9 and whitish sandy silt layer has been traced ABOUT STUDY AREA: even in the river astride archeological sites that dates back to more than two millennium B. C. 1. GENERAL DESCRIPTION: Ajoy river was navigable for those years and Mongalkote block is the severe flood had great commercial significance some affected area of Burdwan district of West thousand years back. Many villages along the Bengal in Eastern India. Mongalkote block river were once important trading centers. But lies between 23°30′51″N to 23°40′37″N these settlements have lost their significance latitude & 87°53′28″E to 88°49′12″E due to the changing of the river regime. During 18th and 19th century normal flood had occurred longitude. It extends over 364.90 sq km which resulted the formation of floodplain as area and has a population, according to the there was no embankment in those days. A census of 2001; of 233,944 persons with the huge volume of water was flowing through the density of 641/sq km.The entire block has river of sufficient depth. During British period been divided in 15 gram panchayets under th in 19 century recorded major floods were in which there are 164 villages. The block 1867, 1877, 1885 & 1896. After that unusual office situated at Nutanhat, mouza- high flood occurred in 1913, 1914 causing serious loss of life and property, damage to Nutanhat, and J.L. No.-59. The study area standing crops, seeds and houses. The major has mainly affected by two rivers Ajoy & recorded flood years are 1956, 1959, 1970, Kunur River. 1971, 1973, 1978, 1984, 1995, 1999, 2000 and 2007(Mukhopadhyay, 2010). AIM: Analysis and management of the flood. OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY: This study contains the following objectives: 1. To identify the flood zone and to find the flood intensity, periodicity, seasonality and its spatio-temporal variations. 2. To delineate the major flood risk prone areas through vulnerability analysis. 3. Flood damage assessment to find an overview on the scale of effect of the flood. 4. To propose a suitable real time action plan to mitigate and control the disaster. 5. The objective of flood hazard analysis and its management is to highlight the past and present scenario. 6. The preparedness condition, flood loss prevention & determine current status of evacuation routes. APPLICATION OF RS & GIS IN FLOOD MANAGEMENT A CASE STUDY OF MONGALKOTE BLOCKS, BURDWAN, WEST BENGAL, INDIA: Bera, et. al (2012), www.ijsrp.org International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 2, Issue 11, November 2012 ISSN 2250-3153 Page - 3 - of 9 2. PHYSIOGRAPHIC ELEMENTS: D. DRAINAGE: The figure (Fig: 4) A. GEOLOGICAL showing the Mongalkote block has a good CONDITION: Mongalkote block has network of drainage system. The Ajoy river situated at lower Ajoy basin. Below this situated in figure (Fig. 2) showing the general geology this study of litho-logical structure of the Mongalkote area at the block. The whole study area is based on north Older Alluvium type geology. most portions, it is also B. SLOPE: Mongalkote block have the border situated in the lower Ajoy & Kunur river of basin. The study area is highly flood plain Mongalko Fig: 4 and low elevation region. The figure (Fig: 2) te block showing the study areas slope condition. The and Burdwan district also. And the Kunur increasingly river is coming from south-west direction high values and go to north direction to join with Ajoy indicate the river. In the upper catchment region of the increasing W.B. Hinglo river join with Ajoy river from high slope and the left side with huge amount of water in low value the monsoon time. In this study area it has indicate low very low gentle slope, so in this region more slope deposition of sand, silt etc are gathering day to day, due to the fact that this portion of Fig: 2 condition of the study area. Ajoy river has very low runoff at the monsoon time. That is why Ajoy River C. SOIL CONDITION: Different types characterized of heavy flood discharge of soil are encountered in different within a very short span of time particularly topographical biological and hydrological as in the monsoon period. There are many well as geological condition within the Damodar Branch Canals are fulfill of water block. This block can be divided by 3 soil in monsoon time and occurring flood groups (Fig: 3) at the South-West portion of discharge a very short span of time. These this block here Lateritic Ultisols formed. The rivers and canals are most important for middle region is formed of Alfisols Older agriculture purpose. Alluvium & the East portion of this block is formed of E. CLIMATE CONDITION: The Entisols block experiences a climate which is Younger Month Wise Average Temperature In 2006-2010 35 Alluvium soil. Average Temperature Alluvial soil 30 in 2006 Average attains an 25 Temperature in 2007 20 enormous Average Temperature thickness in 15 in 2008 Average the low level 10 Temperature in 2009 5 Fig: 3 plains to the Average Temperature in Degree Centigrade Temperature East. This 0 in 2010 Alluvial soil is formed of Alluvium brought April May June July March August January October February down by the Ajoy River. September NovemberDecember Fig: 5 ----------Month---------- APPLICATION OF RS & GIS IN FLOOD MANAGEMENT A CASE STUDY OF MONGALKOTE BLOCKS, BURDWAN, WEST BENGAL, International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 2, Issue 11, November 2012 ISSN 2250-3153 Page - 4 - of 9 transitional between CWg3 and AW1 types, highway (North to South), which comming where ‘C’ stands for ‘warm temperate rainy from north then crossed through Nutanhat climate with mild winter’, ‘W’ stands for and connected with Burdwan.