AME the New Edge of G Knowledge Management and Transfer of Best
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AME The New Edge of Knowledge Management and Transfer of Best Practices Carla O’Dell, Ph.D. President www.APQC.org 2009 North American MAKE Award Winners h Apple h Hewlett‐Packard h APQC h IBM h ConocoPhillips h IDEO h Fluor h Microsoft h Google h MITRE © 2009 APQC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 2 Why transfer? “Research has found it not A B uncommon to find 3 to 1 4 2 differences between best 1 2 and worst sites in the 1 2 same firm.” 3 © 2009 APQC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 3 People are hard‐wired to share knowledge. Why is it so hard in organizations? © 2009 APQC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 4 Easier to document Explicit and share 20% Contributes to efficiency Easier to replicate Skills and experience Tacit 80% Hard to articulate Harder to transfer LdLeads to competency © 2009 APQC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 5 Knowledge is Sticky h Information and knowledge exist ‐‐ but won’ t automatically flow. h Without a systematic process and supportive environment, it won’t move. © 2009 APQC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 6 Barriers to Sharing Knowledge Why should I rely on Will it make more information from you? work for me? ANOTHER program? Silo mentality We don’t have time Not invented HERE . I don’t know what you know. I don’t know what to ask. © 2009 APQC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 7 Enabling the Flow of Knowledge Use Adapt Create Share Identify Prepare RiReview The chain won’t hold if any link is broken. © 2009 APQC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 8 Systematic Approaches to the Transfer of Knowledge and Best Practices Tacit -Internal benchmarking -Knowledge Champions -Best Practice Teams Transfer of Best Practices Communities Of -Q&A - Trade tools, templates, best Practice practices - Solve common problems - Identify best practice - PtltkPortals to key ifinfo: metho ds, temp la tes e tc Self-Service + - Search capability -Expert directories Explicit -Lessons Learned Lower Human Interaction Higher © 2009 APQC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 9 WHAT IS A “BEST PRACTICE”? h Some prefer the term “successfully demonstrated” ¾ The “Best Practice” must demonstrate through evidence that it is 'better, faster, cheaper‘ and leads to measurably better outcomes. h Best for us: “Solutions and approaches that achieve our objectives.” © 2009 APQC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 10 LEVELS OF “BEST” PRACTICE Promising Successfully Tips Demonstrated Validated Best Practices Practices Practices Not every process requires validation of the practice © 2009 APQC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 11 Use an effective Lessons Learned approach to reduce the costs of not knowing. Indiana fire-fighting crew’s After Action Review© 2009 APQC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 12 Predicting successful transfer 1. Motivation of source and recipient ¾ Ongoing involvement of the source ¾ Absorptive capacity of the recipient 2. Quality of the relationship ¾ Credibility of source ¾ Strength of the relationship 3. Understanding the process & practice ¾ Poorly understood by the recipient ¾ Hard to articulate and document by the source 4. Facilitation and support 13 © 2009 APQC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 13 Best Buy’s Knowledge Management Journey MSN Results ‐ Pilot Results District 5 and 17 ISP UNITS/STORE/DAY 18.0 17.0 16.0 15.0 14. 0 13.0 Dist. 5 Unit/Store/Day 12.0 Dist. 17 Unit/Store/Day 11.0 Company Unit/Store/Day 10. 0 9.0 8.0 7.0 6.0 5.0 MAMJJASONDJF Dist. 5 Unit/Store/Day 5.9 7.6 7.3 9.1 9.6 11.3 11.2 8.3 13.1 17.8 Dist. 17 Unit/Store/Day 676.7 747.4 707.0 767.6 10. 4 12. 5 11. 3 828.2 12. 2 14. 6 Company Unit/Store/Day 7.1 7.2 6.5 7.6 9.4 11.4 10.2 8.3 12.1 13.6 © 2009 APQC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 15 What can go wrong? © 2009 APQC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 16 What can go wrong? h Thinking a database or repository will solve the transfer problem by ilfitself © 2009 APQC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 17 What can go wrong? h Thinking a database or repository will solve the transfer problem by ilfitself h Picking the wrong problem(s) or place to start © 2009 APQC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 18 What can go wrong? h Thinking a database or repository will solve the transfer problem by ilfitself h Picking the wrong problem(s) or place to start h Naïve beliefs about human and organization behavior – people won’t change without a reason to do so © 2009 APQC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 19 What can go wrong? h Thinking a database or repository will solve the transfer problem by ilfitself h Picking the wrong problem(s) or place to start h Naïve beliefs about human and organization behavior – people won’t change without a reason to do so h Confusing data, information and knowledge, and how to “manage” them © 2009 APQC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 20 AdiAppendix: APQC’s KM PjProjects www.apqc.org APQC’s Consortium Research in Knowledge Management 1. Sustaining Communities of Practice (2009) 2. Web 2.0 Practitioner’s Series (()2008) 3. Expertise Location and Social Networking (2008) 4. The Role of Evolving Technologies: Accelerating Collaboration and KldKnowledge TfTransfer (2007 and 2008) 5. Retaining Today’s Knowledge for Tomorrow’s Workforce (2007) 6. Leveraggging Knowledge Across the Value Chain ()(2006) 7. Using Communities of Practice to Drive Organizational Performance and Innovation (2005) 8. ItIntegra ting KM and OitilOrganizational LiLearning (2004) 9. Transfer of Best Practices (2004) 10. Virtual Collaboration (2003‐2004) 11. Expertise Locator Systems (2003) © 2009 APQC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 22 APQC’s Consortium Research in Knowledge Management 12. Measuring the Impact of Knowledge Management (2003) 13. UiUsing KldKnowledge Management to DiDrive IiInnovation (2002) 14. Retaining Valuable Knowledge (2001) 15. Managing Content and Knowledge (2001) 16. Building and Sustaining Communities of Practice (2000) 17. Successfully Imppglementing KM (1999‐2000) 18. Creating a Knowledge Sharing Culture (1998‐99) 19. Expanding Knowledge Externally (1998) 20. Using Information Technology for KM (1997) 21. Emerging Best Practices in KM (1996) © 2009 APQC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 23 APQC’s Knowledge Management Community h Eli Lilly ¾ PiPricewater house Coopers LLP h Ernst &Young ¾ Proctor and Gamble h Accenture h European Commission ¾ Raytheon h Aerotek h Federal Highway ¾ Rockwell h Air Products & Chemicals h Fluor ¾ Schlumberger h American Express h Ford Motor Co. ¾ Sequent Computer Systems h AiAmerican MtManagement StSystems h Gateway Computers ¾ ServiceMasters h Andersen Consulting h General Electric Co. ¾ Siemens AG h Apple Computers h Giant Eagle ¾ Siemens Westinghouse h ARDEC h ¾ h ARMY Halliburton Skandia AFS h AT&T h Hallmark Cards Inc. ¾ Sollac h Bank of Montreal h Hewlett‐Packard Consulting ¾ Solvay America h Best Buy h Honeywell ¾ St. Paul Companies h Boehringer Ingelheim h Hughes Space & Communications ¾ Strategic Decisions Group h Boeing Co. (IDS & Phantom Works) h IBM ¾ Symantec Corp. h Boeing Co., Rocketdyne Div. h IBM Global Services ¾ Tata Steel h BP Amoco h IBM/Lotus ¾ Tennessee Valley Authority h Bristol Myers Squibb h Intel ¾ Texas Instruments h BitihBritish TlTelecom h ¾ h Broderbund Software Johnson Controls 3M h Buckman Laboratories Int'l h Kaiser ¾ Turner Construction h Cap Gemini Ernst & Young h Lotus Development Corp. ¾ Unocal h Caterpillar Inc. h Manpower International ¾ U.S. Airforce Material Command h Charles Schwab h Millennium Pharmaceuticals Inc. ¾ U.S. Department of State h Chevron Corporation h MITRE Corp. ¾ USU.S. Department of VA‐EES h Cigna Property & Casualty h Monsanto Co. ¾ U.S. National Security Agency h Cisco Systems h Motorola ¾ USAA h Context Integration h MWH Global ¾ VHA, Inc. h Corning Inc. h ¾ h DaimlerChrysler National Semiconductor Corp. Washington Mutual h Defense Acquisition h NASA and the Jet Propulsion Lab ¾ Washington State Library h Dow Chem ica l Co. h Nokia ¾ Wells Fargo h Dow Corning h Nortel Networks ¾ Weyerhauser h Du Pont h Northrop Grumman ¾ World Bank h Petrobras ¾ Xerox h Pink Elephant Group ¾ Xerox Connect © 2009 APQC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 24.