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TAXON:Alpinia Vittata W. Bull SCORE:3.0 RATING:Low Risk

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TAXON:Alpinia Vittata W. Bull SCORE:3.0 RATING:Low Risk TAXON: Alpinia vittata W. Bull SCORE: 3.0 RATING: Low Risk Taxon: Alpinia vittata W. Bull Family: Zingiberaceae Common Name(s): variegated ginger Synonym(s): Alpinia sanderae hort. Sander ex Mast. Assessor: Chuck Chimera Status: Assessor Approved End Date: 16 Aug 2016 WRA Score: 3.0 Designation: L Rating: Low Risk Keywords: Rhizomatous, Tropical, Herb, Ornamental, Shade-Tolerant Qsn # Question Answer Option Answer 101 Is the species highly domesticated? y=-3, n=0 n 102 Has the species become naturalized where grown? 103 Does the species have weedy races? Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If 201 island is primarily wet habitat, then substitute "wet (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) (See Appendix 2) High tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" 202 Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) (See Appendix 2) High 203 Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) y=1, n=0 n Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or 204 y=1, n=0 y subtropical climates Does the species have a history of repeated introductions 205 y=-2, ?=-1, n=0 y outside its natural range? 301 Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2), n= question 205 n 302 Garden/amenity/disturbance weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2) n 303 Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see Appendix 2) n 304 Environmental weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see Appendix 2) n 305 Congeneric weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2) y 401 Produces spines, thorns or burrs y=1, n=0 n 402 Allelopathic 403 Parasitic y=1, n=0 n 404 Unpalatable to grazing animals 405 Toxic to animals y=1, n=0 n 406 Host for recognized pests and pathogens 407 Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humans y=1, n=0 n 408 Creates a fire hazard in natural ecosystems y=1, n=0 n 409 Is a shade tolerant plant at some stage of its life cycle y=1, n=0 y Tolerates a wide range of soil conditions (or limestone 410 conditions if not a volcanic island) Creation Date: 16 Aug 2016 (Alpinia vittata W. Bull) Page 1 of 15 TAXON: Alpinia vittata W. Bull SCORE: 3.0 RATING: Low Risk Qsn # Question Answer Option Answer 411 Climbing or smothering growth habit y=1, n=0 n 412 Forms dense thickets 501 Aquatic y=5, n=0 n 502 Grass y=1, n=0 n 503 Nitrogen fixing woody plant y=1, n=0 n Geophyte (herbaceous with underground storage organs 504 y=1, n=0 n -- bulbs, corms, or tubers) Evidence of substantial reproductive failure in native 601 y=1, n=0 n habitat 602 Produces viable seed y=1, n=-1 y 603 Hybridizes naturally 604 Self-compatible or apomictic 605 Requires specialist pollinators 606 Reproduction by vegetative fragmentation y=1, n=-1 y 607 Minimum generative time (years) 1 year = 1, 2 or 3 years = 0, 4+ years = -1 2 Propagules likely to be dispersed unintentionally (plants 701 y=1, n=-1 n growing in heavily trafficked areas) 702 Propagules dispersed intentionally by people y=1, n=-1 y 703 Propagules likely to disperse as a produce contaminant y=1, n=-1 n 704 Propagules adapted to wind dispersal y=1, n=-1 n 705 Propagules water dispersed 706 Propagules bird dispersed 707 Propagules dispersed by other animals (externally) 708 Propagules survive passage through the gut 801 Prolific seed production (>1000/m2) Evidence that a persistent propagule bank is formed (>1 802 yr) 803 Well controlled by herbicides 804 Tolerates, or benefits from, mutilation, cultivation, or fire y=1, n=-1 y Effective natural enemies present locally (e.g. introduced 805 biocontrol agents) Creation Date: 16 Aug 2016 (Alpinia vittata W. Bull) Page 2 of 15 TAXON: Alpinia vittata W. Bull SCORE: 3.0 RATING: Low Risk Supporting Data: Qsn # Question Answer 101 Is the species highly domesticated? n Source(s) Notes [Possibly a cultivar, but no evidence that plant is highly domesticated] "Alpinia vittata, usually known as A. sanderae, is Smith, A.C. (1979). Flora Vitiensis Nova - A New Flora of widely grown for its unusual, streaked leaves. As noted by R.M. Fiji (Spermatophytes Only). Volume 1. Pacific Tropical Smith, it otherwise scarcely differs from A. oceanica Burkill (1896), Botanical Garden, Lawai, HI probably indigenous in the Solomon Islands and perhaps in adjacent archipelagoes. Alpinia vittata may be merely a cultivar of A. oceanica, over which it has nomenclatural priority." 102 Has the species become naturalized where grown? Source(s) Notes WRA Specialist. 2016. Personal Communication NA 103 Does the species have weedy races? Source(s) Notes WRA Specialist. 2016. Personal Communication NA Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If 201 island is primarily wet habitat, then substitute "wet High tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" Source(s) Notes "The original home of Alpinia vittata was doubtless somewhere in Smith, A.C. (1979). Flora Vitiensis Nova - A New Flora of eastern Malesia or adjacent Melanesia, but it is known only from Fiji (Spermatophytes Only). Volume 1. Pacific Tropical cultivated plants, some of them from tropical America." [Exact area Botanical Garden, Lawai, HI of origin unknown, but suitable for tropical regions] 202 Quality of climate match data High Source(s) Notes Smith, A.C. (1979). Flora Vitiensis Nova - A New Flora of Fiji (Spermatophytes Only). Volume 1. Pacific Tropical Botanical Garden, Lawai, HI Creation Date: 16 Aug 2016 (Alpinia vittata W. Bull) Page 3 of 15 TAXON: Alpinia vittata W. Bull SCORE: 3.0 RATING: Low Risk Qsn # Question Answer 203 Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) n Source(s) Notes "Hardiness: USDA Zone 9a: to -6.6 °C (20 °F) Dave's Garden. 2016. Ginger - Alpinia vittata. USDA Zone 9b: to -3.8 °C (25 °F) http://davesgarden.com/guides/pf/go/55977/. [Accessed USDA Zone 10a: to -1.1 °C (30 °F) 16 Aug 2016] USDA Zone 10b: to 1.7 °C (35 °F) USDA Zone 11: above 4.5 °C (40 °F)" GingersRus. 2016. Alpinia vittata. "This plant is not outdoors hardy in areas with freezing winter http://www.gingersrus.com/cart/index.php? temperatures, and most sources rate it as only zone 10 hardy." productID=310. [Accessed 16 Aug 2016] Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or 204 y subtropical climates Source(s) Notes Smith, A.C. (1979). Flora Vitiensis Nova - A New Flora of "The original home of Alpinia vittata was doubtless somewhere in Fiji (Spermatophytes Only). Volume 1. Pacific Tropical eastern Malesia or adjacent Melanesia, but it is known only from Botanical Garden, Lawai, HI cultivated plants, some of them from tropical America." Does the species have a history of repeated 205 y introductions outside its natural range? Source(s) Notes Staples, G.W. & Herbst, D.R. 2005. A Tropical Garden Flora "A. vittata is occasionally cultivated in Hawaii for its attractive - Plants Cultivated in the Hawaiian Islands and Other foliage." Tropical Places. Bishop Museum Press, Honolulu, HI Whistler, W.A. 2000. Tropical Ornamentals: A Guide. "It is often grown as a border plant in the tropics and as a potted Timber Press, Portland, OR plant in the greenhouse in temperate climates." First Collected: 1936 Imada, C.T., Staples, G.W. & Herbst, D.R. 2005. Annotated Locations: Checklist of Cultivated Plants of Hawai͚i. Foster Botanical Garden http://www2.bishopmuseum.org/HBS/botany/cultivatedp Harold L. Lyon Arboretum lants/. [Accessed 16 Aug 2016] Harold L. Lyon Arboretum (Confirmed) Waimea Arboretum & Botanical Garden (Confirmed) 301 Naturalized beyond native range n Source(s) Notes Vander Velde, N. 2003. The Vascular Plants of Majuro "Alpinia vittata Bull Syn. Alpinia sanderae Sand." ... "Recent Atoll, Republic of the Marshall Islands. Atoll Research introduction. New Guinea. Rare. Ornamental in household garden in Bulleting 503: 1-141 Rita (NVV 2000; RRT 2000AB, 2001) (DPMJ0003, DPMJ0739).**" McCormack, G. 2007. Cook Islands Biodiversity Database, Version 2007.2. Cook Islands Natural Heritage Trust, "COOK ISLANDS STATUS: Introduced - Recent, Not naturalised; Land, Rarotonga. http://cookislands.bishopmuseum.org. lowlands" [Accessed 16 Aug 2016] Creation Date: 16 Aug 2016 (Alpinia vittata W. Bull) Page 4 of 15 TAXON: Alpinia vittata W. Bull SCORE: 3.0 RATING: Low Risk Qsn # Question Answer Guézou, A., Trueman, M., Buddenhagen, C. E., Chamorro, S., Guerrero, A. M., Pozo, P., & Atkinson, R. (2010). An "Cu) Cultivated (introduced for cultivation, not naturalized" extensive alien plant inventory from the inhabited areas of Galapagos. PLoS One, 5(4), e10276 The Charles Darwin Foundation. 2013. Galapagos Species Checklist - Alpinia vittata. "Taxon introduced for agricultural or domestic use; not naturalized." www.darwinfoundation.org/datazone/checklists/15742/ Wagner, W.L., Herbst, D.R.& Lorence, D.H. 2016. Flora of the Hawaiian Islands. Smithsonian Institution, No evidence Washington, D.C. http://botany.si.edu/. [Accessed 16 Aug 2016] 302 Garden/amenity/disturbance weed n Source(s) Notes Randall, R.P. 2012. A Global Compendium of Weeds. 2nd Edition. Department of Agriculture and Food, Western No evidence Australia 303 Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed n Source(s) Notes Randall, R.P. 2012. A Global Compendium of Weeds. 2nd Edition. Department of Agriculture and Food, Western No evidence Australia 304 Environmental weed n Source(s) Notes Randall, R.P. 2012. A Global Compendium of Weeds. 2nd Edition. Department of Agriculture and Food, Western No evidence Australia 305 Congeneric weed y Source(s) Notes Creation Date: 16 Aug 2016 (Alpinia vittata W. Bull) Page 5 of 15 TAXON: Alpinia vittata W. Bull SCORE: 3.0 RATING: Low Risk Qsn # Question Answer "A. zerumbet is listed as an 'environmental weed' and 'cultivation escape' in the Global Compendium of Weeds (Randall, 2012). The species forms dense thickets and can reproduce through rhizome fragmentation or by seed, producing as many as 1000 seeds per square foot (PIER, 2013).
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