1500 Professionals from 75 Countries Brought Together Virtually

Edition 80. Nº 2 July 2020

INC WEBINAR SERIES 1500 Professionals from 75 Countries Brought Together Virtually

p. 60 July 2020

www.nutfruit.org

Edition 80. Nº 2 July 2020

The INC is the international umbrella organization for the nut and dried fruit industry and the source for information on health, nutrition, statistics, food safety, and international standards and regulations regarding nuts and dried fruits.

BOARD OF TRUSTEES Michael Waring - Chairman Business News 9 INC Congress 56 MWT Foods, Australia Ashok Krishen - 1st Vice Chairman 9 The Ferrero Group Shares Update on Its 56 Join the Nut and Dried Fruit Industry's Top Olam International Limited, Singapore 2025 Packaging Commitment Professionals in Exploring New Markets Pino Calcagni - 2nd Vice Chairman and Networking Besana Group, Italy 10 TOMRA Food Publishes E-book for Nut Riccardo Calcagni Processors Besana Group, Italy Bill Carriere 11 Nestlé Launches nesQino to Create INC News 60 Carriere Family Farms, USA Healthy, Customizable Superfood Drinks Karsten Dankert INC Webinar Series Max Kiene GmbH, Germany 12 Blue Diamond Growers Celebrates 110- 60 Roby Danon Year Anniversary with Key Expansions at Real Power for Real People: Voicevale Ltd, UK Its Central Valley Facilities 64 Cao Derong Boost Your Attitudinal Immunity China Chamber of Commerce, China with Plant-Based Power Joan Fortuny Borges Agricultural & Industrial Nuts (BAIN), Spain Gourmet 14 66 INC Launches the 10th Edition of the Giles Hacking Statistical Yearbook CG Hacking & Sons Limited, UK Lidia Bastianich, Owner of Felidia’s, New Mike Hohmann 14 67 INC Annual Report The Wonderful Company, USA York City, US Cheng Hung Kay 67 INC Academia CHK Trading Co. Ltd., China, Hong Kong Mark Jansen Blue Diamond Growers, USA Legal Update 17 Jack Mariani Mariani Nut Company, USA Global Mark Mariani Statistical Review 69 Mariani Packing Company, USA Stephen Meltzer Feature Articles 23 83 Special Report: China, Hong Kong Balcorp Ltd., Canada Russell Mooney 23 INC Leadership Perspective on COVID-19 Intersnack Procurement B.V., Netherlands Pratap Nair 28 Recent Advances in Digital Agriculture Vijayalaxmi Cashew Company, India Based on Remote Sensing, Biometrics and Osman Oz Artificial Intelligence Applications Industry News 87 Aegean Exporters Associations, Turkey Antonio Pont - Honorary President 30 Five Hazelnut Cultivars from Oregon State 87 Almond Board of California: Diversity of Borges Agricultural & Industrial Nuts (BAIN), Spain University for the Kernel Market Almond Varieties Needed for a Diversity Antonio Pont Jr. of Uses Crisolar Nuts, S.L., Spain 33 Ensuring Nut-byproduct Antioxidants as Agents to Improve Modified Starch-based Chen Qi 88 Long-Term Implications of COVID-19 for Qiaqia Food Co. Ltd., China Film Properties the Food Industry Jan Vincent Rieckmann August Töpfer and Co. (ATCO Group), Germany 34 Current State of Hazelnut Cultivation 89 The Power of Three Michael Rund in the Countries of Commonwealth of Bösch Boden Spies GmbH and Co. Kg, Germany Independent States New Analysis Shows U.S. Grown Hasan Sabir 91 Sabirlar Findik Ihracat Ltd. Sti., Turkey Pistachios are a “Complete Protein” for Those Over Five Years of Age Dick Walden The Green Valley Pecan, USA Country/Product 92 California Prunes: Taking a Virtual EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE Spotlight 37 Approach Michael Waring Chairman 37 Macadamias, Australia 93 News from the INC Nutrition Research & Ashok Krishen 1st Vice Chairman Education Foundation (INC NREF) Pino Calcagni 2nd Vice Chairman Bill Carriere Board Member 94 Nucis Italia and the Campaign with Giles Hacking Board Member Wellbeing at its Heart Jack Mariani Board Member Health News 50 Mark Mariani Board Member Nuts for Life Report Pratap Nair Board Member 50 Nut Consumption in the Time of COVID-19 95 Antonio Pont Board Member 96 National Pecan Shellers Association Goretti Guasch Secretary General and Hosts Panel on New Pasteurization Executive Director A Chat Technologies For all editorial and advertising enquiries: 54 97 Chilean Walnut Information 2.0 Marc Centelles with the Industry [email protected] 54 Malte Dammann, Chief Demand Officer, Ritter Sport, Germany Advertisers List 98

INC HEADQUARTERS The Nutfruit magazine is published three times a year by the International Nut and Dried Fruit Council - INC (Fundació Privada International Nut Carrer de la Fruita Seca, 4 and Dried Fruit CIF G-43738475). This magazine, including all articles and illustrations, is copyright protected. Any utilization beyond the light Polígon Tecnoparc, 43204 Reus, Spain limits set by the Copyright Act is subject to publisher’s approval. All the trademarks, brand identities and graphic images shown in this publication are the property of their respective owners. Tel: +34 977 331 416 While the publishers believe that all information contained in this publication was correct at the time of going to press, they can accept no Email: [email protected] liability for any inaccuracies that may appear or loss suffered directly or indirectly by any reader as a result of any advertisement, editorial, www.nutfruit.org photographs or other materials published in the Nutfruit magazine.

July 2020 | NUTFRUIT 5

INC Foreword

INC Webinar Series: Bringing the Industry Together

MICHAEL WARING INC CHAIRMAN

Unpredictable times continue under the COVID-19 pandemic, advise the Board of Trustees accordingly. Also the first INC and its’ consequences. On behalf of the INC, I would like to Short Form Contract will be released. This contract will be a extend continued good will and wishes to all those who have useful tool, providing certainty regarding contractual issues been affected. and will serve as the guideline for international transactions. The INC made the difficult and well-thought out decision In June the Executive Committee approved the INC’s new to postpone the 2020 World Nut and Dried Fruit Congress in dissemination campaign set to begin this year. Aiming to boost Dubai until May 27-29, 2021. The first year missed since 1982. global consumption the INC has approved a new project that The 2021 Congress will remain in Dubai at the same facilities. will have attitudinal immunity at its core. The campaign will I would like to thank the hard work of The Dubai Organising highlight the connection between plant-based power “Real Committee Chaired by Mr. Ashok Krishen. Food” and attitudinal immunity. This refers to an individual’s From June 1-12, the INC was able to hold the first ever ability to resist negativity - “Real people”. The official slogan INC Webinar Series. The secretariat organised daily webinars will be “Real Food for Real People”, to connect with consumers hosted by some of the most respected experts in the industry. more directly. In addition, the INC will provide tool kits that The webinars were a great success, bringing together over can be adapted to specific markets and that can be used by 1500 people from 75 countries The INC will begin to add virtual stakeholders to increase demand in their own countries. components to future projects to provide the best possible Lastly, going off the success of the INC webinar series, I service. Thank you to all who joined the panels and to members would like to inform you that the INC is planning to provide the for supporting this project. industry with future online events including B2B networking The INC Business Integrity Committee continue to opportunities of which I hope to be able to give you more dedicate time and effort to maintain the integrity of the INC details shortly. and its membership. Membership in the INC is a privilege, and the Business Integrity Committee views contractual violations Yours sincerely, in a very serious light. Adhering to contracts is fundamental to the success and sustained future of the nut and dried fruit industry. As is their remit, BIC will continue to monitor member and congress applications and review selection criteria and

July 2020 | NUTFRUIT 7 ARE YOU CHOOSING BETWEEN QUALITY AND YIELD?

Achieve new levels of performance with VERYX®, the world’s most intelligent digital sorter for nuts.

Nut processors asked for transformative quality, efficiency and yield. Key Technology has answered. VERYX® with Pixel Fusion™ technology accurately discriminates FM, defects, insect damage and minor color differences better than any other sorter available.

• Minimize in-sort breakage – Gentle product handling with the patented Chycane™ Chute

• Improve quality – Even the smallest defects and FM are accurately identified and removed

• Remove foreign material – shell, membrane and paper VERYX® Chute-fed Sorter shell, fibers, stones, sticks and other unacceptable material

• Minimal operator intervention – Intuitive UI makes VERYX easy to operate

With VERYX, you don’t have to sacrifice yield to achieve your quality goals. Learn more at www.key.net.

Nut Fruit Ad 181023.indd 1 1/17/2019 1:59:36 PM Business News

ARE YOU CHOOSING The Ferrero Group Shares Mars CEO Joins Call for Update on Its 2025 Climate Action in COVID-19 BETWEEN QUALITY Packaging Commitment Recovery Plans As part of its commitment to make all packaging Mars CEO Grant F. Reid and more than 100 CEOs 100% reusable, recyclable or compostable by 2025, of major multinational corporations signed a new AND YIELD? the Ferrero Group will share regular updates on its statement calling on governments around the world activities to delivering this. to consider climate action as part of those initiatives.

Achieve new levels of performance with In its first update, Ferrero has announced a new packaging “As Mars works to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic, we VERYX®, the world’s most intelligent digital development for Kinder Joy, the Group’s exploration of remain 100% committed to accelerating climate action sorter for nuts. chemical recycling solutions, as well as its partnerships to and doing business in a way that positively impacts people develop common eco-design guidelines for packaging. and our planet. It is critically important that investments in To achieve its challenging packaging commitment, recovery keep in mind the clean, resilient and low-carbon Nut processors asked for transformative quality, Ferrero has engaged its entire group, suppliers and world we want tomorrow,” he said. “We applaud government partners. Investments in R&D and Open Innovation, as efforts to restore public health and economic stability, and efficiency and yield. Key Technology has answered. well as working in partnerships, are driving the Ferrero we call on leaders to invest in a low-carbon, climate-resilient VERYX® with Pixel Fusion™ technology accurately strategy to ensure plastics never become waste, without future as we rebuild.” discriminates FM, defects, insect damage and minor compromising the quality and freshness of its products. The Ferrero Group will continue to share color differences better than any other sorter available. announcements on these future milestones as part of the journey to make all packaging 100% reusable, recyclable or • Minimize in-sort breakage – Gentle product handling compostable by 2025. with the patented Chycane™ Chute

• Improve quality – Even the smallest defects and FM are accurately identified and removed Marquis to Sell Australia’s Native Nut to the World • Remove foreign material – shell, membrane and paper VERYX® Chute-fed Sorter shell, fibers, stones, sticks and other unacceptable Marquis is the new global brand The grower owned group will consolidate its position as one of the world’s largest material selling Australia’s native nut, the macadamia processor and marketer. Marquis will grow, process and sell 48 per cent Macadamia, to the world. of Australia’s macadamia production and will be responsible for 22 per cent of global • Minimal operator intervention – Intuitive UI makes kernel sales, whilst handling over 16 per cent of nut in shell (NIS) world production. VERYX easy to operate

With VERYX, you don’t have to sacrifice yield to achieve your quality goals. Learn more at www.key.net.

July 2020 | NUTFRUIT 9

Nut Fruit Ad 181023.indd 1 1/17/2019 1:59:36 PM Business News

TOMRA Food Publishes E-book for Nut Processors

TOMRA Food has published an eBook to help nut processors tackle underlying operational challenges, which are now intensifying because of the COVID-19 pandemic.

The new 15-page publication, downloadable free-of-charge WATER LABOR from TOMRA Food’s website, spotlights how some nut SHORTAGES SHORTAGES processing challenges are longstanding but others are new QUALITY and unprecedented. Not least, market trends and climate change threaten to shake-up the industry. The eBook explains why the global demand for nuts is booming and how this is putting processors under pressure to achieve higher throughputs. The eBook also looks at how CLIMATE CHANGE processors, in apparent contradiction to their need for speed, are also expected to raise product quality because of the heightened expectations of consumers and retailers. INCREASED Many of the challenges faced by nut processors can COSTS be answered with technology, and those processors who invest in state-of-the-art solutions can gain a competitive advantage. FOOD SAFETY

THE CHALLENGES NUT PROCESSORS FACE AND THE SOLUTIONS.

Hort Innovation Launches Fruit, Veggie and Nuts Campaign to Support Australian Growers

To support growers, Hort Innovation is launching a campaign called The Good Mood Food Campaign. The aim is to motivate Australian consumers to eat more fruit, vegetables and nuts.

The campaign is designed to evolve and grow including the ability to introduce produce due to seasonality and occasionality. On May 31, the major components of the campaign were launched, with the introduction of a new TV ad supported by advertising, public relations, increased social media and a range of partnerships that will see the campaign reach up to 98% of Australians. Australians will be educated and inspired on how Aussie produce can promote good mood alongside overall health and wellbeing. Importantly, they will also be driven to purchase and re-purchase a variety of produce. The campaign is encouraging people to look after themselves mentally to boost their mood as well as promote good physical health.

10 July 2020 | NUTFRUIT Business News

Nestlé Launches nesQino First launched in China, nesQino comprises a silent, digitally connected Q-cup machine, superfood sachets, and three to Create Healthy, different base sachets: smoothie, oat shake and milk shake. Customizable Superfood With nesQino, consumers can make 21 different superfood drink recipes designed by creative nutritionists using different Drinks types of ingredients known to be healthy. The superfood sachets are made from ingredients such Nestlé has launched nesQino –a smart and simple as fruits, vegetables, nuts and seeds, roots and microalgae. solution that enables people to personalize They also have probiotics to help boost overall wellbeing. healthy superfood drinks made from 100% natural Complementary base sachets are made from dairy ingredients, at home or in the office. milks, cereals, and plant-based ingredients. The nesQino smartphone mini program (app) allows consumers to personalize drink temperature, explore recipe combinations, access nutritional information, and interact and share recipes with friends.

California Almond Farm is Unilever Celebrates 10 First to Achieve Coveted Years of the Sustainable “Sustainably Grown” Label Living Plan

SCS Global Services announced Bullseye Farms’ CEO Alan Jope reinforced the commitment to Certification. sustainability and called for renewed action to tackling social inequality and the climate crisis.

SCS Global Services has announced that Bullseye Farms is In June, 2020, Unilever celebrated 10 years of the Unilever the world’s first almond farm to be independently certified Sustainable Living Plan, which is now in its tenth and final under the internationally recognized “Sustainably Grown” year. Alan Jope, CEO, reinforced Unilever’s commitment standard for agricultural crops. Bullseye Farms, a diversified to making sustainable living commonplace for 8 billion farming operation based in Woodland, California, grows people, and called for collective action to ensure that the almonds marketed under the “Almond Lane” brand. crises of social inequality and climate are not neglected in “As the first almond grower to meet the high-bar the wake of Covid-19. requirements of the Sustainably Grown standard, Bullseye Speaking at a global virtual event, CEO Alan Jope said, Farms has proven itself to be a leader in the industry,” said “The Unilever Sustainable Living Plan was a game-changer Kevin Warner, SCS’ manager of sustainable agriculture. for our business. Some goals we have met, some we have "Working through the Sustainably Grown certification missed, but we are a better business for trying. It has process has opened our eyes to the amount of thought and required immense ingenuity, dedication and collaboration effort we have put into implementing progressive practices,” to get to where we are now. We have made very good said Nick Edsall, Bullseye’s orchard manager. progress, but there is still more to do."

July 2020 | NUTFRUIT 11 Business News

As part of Blue Diamond’s® long-range strategic vision, Blue Diamond Growers two major expansions at the co-op’s facilities in the heart Celebrates 110-Year of California’s Central Valley almond growing region, have been completed or are nearing completion. Groundbreaking Anniversary with Key ceremonies for both projects were held last year. The first expansion is a 52,000 square foot addition to the existing Expansions at Its Central 200,000 square foot Turlock manufacturing plant that Valley Facilities first opened in 2013 and sits on 88 acres. In 2014, Food Engineering Magazine recognized the Turlock facility as Plant Blue Diamond Growers marked its 110-year of the Year for innovation, manufacturing excellence and anniversary with announcements about the sustainable operations. Construction completed on the new completion of two key infrastructure expansions. building by the end of April expands Blue Diamond’s value- added almond processing capabilities with an automated factory that features state-of-the-art handling, processing and packaging equipment. This expansion also provides space for a future manufacturing line to support current business or new innovations. The second expansion is the new Bulk 8 Warehouse at the Salida facility that originally opened as an almond receiving station in 1969.

Kraft Heinz Commits $12 Million Globally in Support of Communities Impacted by COVID-19 Outbreak

Kraft Heinz has committed to donating $12 million globally to ensure people across the globe have the food they need during this challenging time.

As the world continues to address the very real implications of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak, Kraft Heinz has contributed $12 million to build upon previous Coronavirus-related donations that were made in China, one of the countries most impacted by the pandemic and where the company has both factories and offices. During China’s outbreak earlier this year, the company partnered with Babytree, one of the largest parenting websites in China, to donate more than 4,000 boxes of Heinz infant food to families in need through the Shanghai Fosun Foundation. The company’s products were delivered to 25 hospitals in five Chinese provinces most severely affected by the outbreak.

12 July 2020 | NUTFRUIT

Gourmet

Your family’s story is very inspiring. What role has family played in your love of cooking food? My mother and father left the town of Pula when I was ten, after the city was assigned to Yugoslavia. After spending two years in a refugee camp near Trieste, we were granted the opportunity to emigrate to the United States. Although we moved initially to New Jersey, we discovered that relatives lived in Astoria, Queens so we moved there. I met my husband, Felice and opened our first restaurant in Forest Hills, Queens in 1971, and eventually Nuts and a second, before opening my flagship restaurant, Felidia, in Manhattan, 1981. I had both of my children during Dried Fruits: this time, and they grew up with me in the restaurants. My parents were Important always there for me –helping to answer phones, fix chairs, take care of the children, and so much more. Once my in Sweet and children became adults and finished their studies, they both returned to the family business to open more eateries, Savory Dishes develop their passions and take on their own new projects. My passion for food started at a very young age.

LIDIA BASTIANICH You have become quite What made you decide famous as a chef, who was the to get into television and Lidia is an Emmy award-winning public most influential person for cooking shows? Has it helped television host, cookbook author, and you as you began cooking? you grow personally and restaurateur. She is the owner/co- I learned to cook from my Nonna Rosa professionally? owner of three acclaimed New York initially. Until I was ten years old, I stayed Julia Child came to Felidia, loved the City restaurants - Felidia, Becco and with my Nonna Rosa during the summer risotto and asked me to join her for Del Posto, along with Lidia’s Kansas months and most weekends in a rural one of her Master Chefs episodes in City. She is also a partner in Eataly town called Busoler. My grandfather’s the 1980s. Her producer asked me to NYC, Chicago, Boston, Los Angeles, passion was the “campagna”, the land in consider doing my own Public Television Las Vegas, Toronto, and São Paulo, Busoler where he and my grandmother series. In 1998, Lidia’s Italian Table Brazil. Together with Tanya and son-in- grew, raised, produced, vinified, and premiered on Public Television. Six law Corrado, Lidia also has developed a milled everything they needed to years later, I formed Tavola Productions line of artisanal pastas and all-natural survive. They made cured prosciutto, and have been producing 26 episodes sauces, called LIDIA’S. milled their wheat at the flour mill and of my series since then. I love teaching, harvested olives to make olive oil. The and the television platform has allowed vegetable patch behind the courtyard me to reach an incredibly wide audience produced all the vegetables and salads and share with them the simplicity of needed to feed us, and the surplus cooking at home. was jarred, dried, or cured, and saved for the winter. I worked alongside my To you, what is one grandmother to plant and harvest the misconception some people olives and vegetables, pick the fruits and around the world have when cook the traditional flavors of the area. it comes to Italian cuisine?

14 July 2020 | NUTFRUIT Gourmet

Italian cuisine is not only about spaghetti and meatballs and Almond Torte with chicken pizzaiola. The traditional Italian cuisine is a regional cuisine of the 20 regions of Italy. It is a deliciously diversified Chocolate Chips cuisine focused on the seasons and the delicious regional products cooked using the simplest techniques. As the Italian immigrants moved on in the world, they did not find the traditional products; the cuisine was modified and cooked with the products found, hence the Italian American Cuisine.

Throughout your career you have written books, made TV shows, and much more. What is next for you? I will continue to produce 26 episodes of Lidia’s Kitchen over the next few years and work on documentary-style specials that focus on foods and traditions of different cultures. I also look forward to traveling to new places again soon. In addition, I am working on a new book called One Pot Meals due out in 2021.

What place do nuts and dried fruits have in Italian and American cuisine? Nuts and dried fruits play an important role in Italian cuisine in both savory and sweet dishes and on their own. Nuts are a great source of flavor and nutrients. Along with dried fruits, they are a food source that can be dried and stored and used in cooking and baking all year round. Pine nuts and almonds are a favorite to use in pestos. I recall harvesting almonds, Ingredients walnuts, and seasonal fruits and drying them in the sun (serves 10 or more) before Grandma would collect them and safely store them in 10 oz unsalted butter, softened, plus more for the baking pan 1 ¾ cups all-purpose flour, plus more for the baking pan the cellar for later use. ½ teaspoon baking powder Dried fruits and nuts are used in many holiday treats in ¼ teaspoon kosher salt Italy such as panettone and panforte. Prunes and dried plums 1 cup sugar 5 large eggs are used in Italian cooking in both savory and sweet dishes. Grated zest of 1 lemon I love to stuff a pork roast with prunes soaked in bourbon. 1 teaspoon pure almond extract In the Italian traditions, raisins are used a lot in baking and 2 cups almond flour or almond meal 1 cup semisweet chocolate chips desserts, but also in stuffings, marinades, and the braising of ½ cup lightly toasted sliced blanched almonds meat or fish. Nuts and dried fruits are used from appetizers to desserts in Italian cuisine. Method Preheat oven to 350 degrees Fahrenheit. Butter and flour the QUICK FIRE ROUND bottom and sides of a 10-inch springform pan. Sift together the all- purpose flour, baking powder, and salt onto a piece of parchment. In a mixer fitted with the paddle attachment, cream the butter and sugar at medium-high speed until light and fluffy, about 2 What do you most love about cooking? minutes. At medium speed, add the eggs one at a time, mixing The feel of dough, the beckoning aromas, and a table full each in thoroughly before adding the next, and scraping down the of an anticipating family. sides of the bowl as needed. Beat in the lemon zest and almond extract, then raise the speed to high and beat the batter until What is your personal favorite dish? very light, a minute or more. At low speed, mix in half of the sifted Spaghetti with white clam sauce. flour mixture, beating just until it is incorporated; beat in half the almond flour. Scrape the bowl, and mix in the remaining flour and What is the next big gastronomical trend almond flour. Beat briefly at medium speed to make a smooth batter. At low speed, mix in the chocolate chips just until evenly in the world? distributed. Scrape the batter into the prepared pan, and spread it Back to basics, using a lot of vegetable, nuts and dried in an even layer. Scatter the sliced almonds all over the top. and fresh fruits. Bake, rotating the pan halfway through the baking time, until the cake is golden brown on top and a knife inserted in the center What nut and dried fruit do you always comes out clean, about 45 minutes. Cool the cake in the pan for about 10 minutes on a wire rack. Run the blade of a paring knife have in your kitchen? around the edge of the cake, then open the spring and remove Almonds, pistachios, prunes and raisins. the side ring. Cool the cake completely before serving. Cut it into wedges, and serve.

July 2020 | NUTFRUIT 15

Legal Update

Pesticides

AUSTRALIA and NEW ZEALAND: MRLs Update Food Standards Australia New Zealand (FSANZ) issued In addition, FSANZ approved the Proposal M1017 Maximum variations to Schedule 20 of the revised Food Standards Code Residue Limits (2019), with changes in certain MRLs. on April 7, 2020. The following maximum residue limits (MRLs) Regarding nuts and dried fruits, the variations approved are were established. the following.

Pesticide Product MRL (ppm) Pesticide Product MRL (ppm) almonds 0.05 Flazasulfuron almonds 0.01a Tetraniliprole apricots, dried, prunes 3 Imidacloprid date T1b macadamia nuts *0.01 Acephate peanuts 0.2a Chlorantraniliprole tree nuts 0.1 Clofentezine plums (incl. prunes) 0.1a * indicates that the MRL is set at the limit of determination. Fenazaquin dried grapes 0.8a Halosulfuron-methyl almonds 0.05a Sethoxydim almonds 0.2a Chlorothalonil peanuts 0.3c Fluopyram peanuts 0.2c a inserted; b omitted; c substituted. ‘T’ indicates a temporary MRL. CANADA: MRLs Update Canada’s Pest Management Regulatory Agency notified the following MRLs in nuts and dried fruits.

Pesticide Product MRL (ppm) Date tree nuts (crop group 14-11) 0.06 Mefentrifluconazole dried prune plums, raisins 4.0 Deadline for comments: 23-05-2020 peanuts 0.01 Tetraniliprole tree nuts (crop group 14-11) 0.03 Adopted on April 19, 2020

EFSA: MRLs Review The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) reviewed the MRLs for some pesticides and proposed the following changes.

Existing Proposed Pesticide Product Comments MRL (ppm) MRL (ppm) almonds, Brazil nuts, cashew nuts, hazelnuts, 0.05* 0.02* Further consideration needed macadamias, pecans, pine nuts, pistachios, walnuts Spinetoram plums 0.05* 0.02* Recommended table grapes 0.5 0.4 Further consideration needed The submitted data are sufficient to derive an import Pyridaben tree nuts 0.01* 0.05* tolerance MRL (USA GAP). Risk for consumers unlikely almonds, Brazil nuts, cashews, hazelnuts, 0.05 0.04 macadamias, pecans, pine nuts, pistachios, walnuts Fluopyram plums 0.5 0.6 Recommended table grapes 1.5 2 cranberries 3 4 * Indicates that the MRL is set at the limit of analytical quantification.

EU: MRLs Update The European Commission established the following MRLs in nuts and fruits.

Pesticide Product MRL (ppm) Adoption date Regulation tree nuts, apricots, plums, grapes, cranberries, Regulation (EU) 2020/192 Prochloraz 0.03* 04-09-2020 dates, figs, peanuts of 12 February 2020 * Indicates lower limit of determination.

EU: Pesticide Withdrawals The European Commission notified the World Trade Organization of the non-renewal of the active substances bromoxynil, mancozeb, benfluralin and benalaxyl. These decisions do not affect the Maximum Residue Levels (MRLs) for residues of these pesticides but separate actions may be taken.

July 2020 | NUTFRUIT 17 Legal Update

JAPAN: MRLs Update The Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan notified the World Trade Organization of the Revision of the Standards and Specifications for Foods and Food Additives under the Food Sanitation Act (revision of agricultural chemical residue standards), which include the following MRLs in nuts and fruits.

Pesticide Product MRL (ppm) Deadline for comments peanuts, pecan, almond, walnut, other nuts 0.05 Dieldrin apricot, cranberry, date, grape 0.01 peanuts 0.02 Benfuracarb apricot, cranberry, grape, date, pecan, almond, walnut, other nuts 0.01 peanuts, apricots, cranberry, grape, date, pecan, almond, walnut, other 31-05-2020 Carbofuran 0.01 nuts peanuts 0.05 Carbaryl apricot, grape, date 0.01 cranberry 5 apricot 5 Ipflufenoquin grape 6 apricot 3 No applicable Isofetamid almonds 0.01 cranberry 5

USA: MRLs Update The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency established the following MRLs in nuts and fruits. Pesticide Product MRL (ppm) Adoption Date Fluridone pistachio and the fruit, stone, group 12-12 0.1 18-05-2020 Contaminants EU: Changes to Border Controls On May 7, 2020, the European Commission published the Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/625 of 6 May 2020 amending Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/1793. The control frequency of Ochratoxin A in dried grapes from Turkey increased from 5% to 10% and dried apricots from Turkey (10% of control frequency for aflatoxins) was removed (Annex I). In addition, all entries in Annexes I and II concerning groundnuts were amended to include “groundnut flours and meals” and “oilcake and other solid residues, whether or not ground or in the form of pellets, resulting from the extraction of groundnut oil”.

After the modification, the control frequency for nuts and dried fruits is the following (amendments are in bold): Frequency of physical Feed and food Country of origin Hazard and identity checks (%) Groundnuts (peanuts), in shell, shelled, otherwise prepared or preserved, peanut butter, groundnut flours and meals, and oilcake Bolivia Aflatoxins 50 and other solid residues, whether or not ground or in the form of pellets, resulting from the extraction of groundnut oil. Hazelnuts, in shell or shelled, flour, meal, powder, or otherwise Georgia Aflatoxins 50 prepared or preserved. Groundnuts (peanuts), in shell, shelled, otherwise prepared or preserved, peanut butter, groundnut flours and meals, and oilcake Madagascar Aflatoxins 50 and other solid residues, whether or not ground or in the form of pellets, resulting from the extraction of groundnut oil. Groundnuts (peanuts), in shell, shelled, otherwise prepared or preserved, peanut butter, groundnut flours and meals, and oilcake Senegal Aflatoxins 50 and other solid residues, whether or not ground or in the form of pellets, resulting from the extraction of groundnut oil. Dried grapes Turkey Ochratoxin A 10 Unprocessed whole, ground, milled, cracked, chopped apricot Turkey Cyanide 50 kernels intended to be placed on the market for the final consumer Groundnuts (peanuts), in shell, shelled, otherwise prepared or preserved, peanut butter, groundnut flours and meals, and oilcake United States Aflatoxins 10 and other solid residues, whether or not ground or in the form of pellets, resulting from the extraction of groundnut oil. Pistachios in shell, shelled or roasted United States Aflatoxins 10 Dried apricots and apricots otherwise prepared or preserved Uzbekistan Sulphites 50

18 July 2020 | NUTFRUIT Legal Update

EFSA: Aflatoxins, Risk Assessment On March 9, 2020, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) published the scientific opinion on risk assessment of fla atoxins in food. Regarding chronic dietary exposure, the highest aflatoxin B1 and total aflatoxins mean concentrations were obtained for the food category ‘legumes, nuts and oilseeds’, in particular for pistachios, peanuts and ‘other seeds’. EFSA highlights the necessity of more technical and scientific data, and recommends continuous monitoring of aflatoxin occurrence in the light of potential increases due to climate change.

EFSA: Ochratoxin A, Risk Assessment On May 13, 2020, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) published the scientific opinion on risk assessment of ochratoxin A (OTA) in food. The highest mean concentrations of OTA were recorded in the categories ‘Plant extract formula’, ‘Flavourings or essences’ (both containing liquorice extracts) and ‘Chili pepper’. The most important contributors to the chronic dietary exposure to OTA were ‘Preserved meat’, ‘Cheese’ and ‘Grains and grain-based products’. Dried and fresh fruits such as grapes, figs and dates as well as fruit juices and nectars were also contributing to the exposure of in some of the ‘Toddlers’ and ‘Other children’ groups, albeit, to a lesser extent than the three major categories. It is concluded that the uncertainty in this assessment is high and risk may be overestimated. Sustainability EU: Green Deal On May 20, 2020, the European Commission presented two strategies within the framework of the roadmap for the European Green Deal whose objective is to make the EU's economy sustainable. The Farm to Fork Strategy, as the heart of the Green Deal, addresses comprehensively the challenges of sustainable food systems and recognizes the inextricable links between healthy people, healthy societies and a healthy planet. A shift to a sustainable food system can bring environmental, health and social benefits, offer economic gains and ensure that the recovery from the COVID-19 crisis puts us onto a sustainable path. The Biodiversity Strategy pursues the goal of protecting the fragile natural resources on our planet and restoring biodiversity and well-functioning ecosystems. Trade ARGENTINA: Export Tax Rates On March 4, 2020, the Government of Argentina announced adjustments to its export tax regime on some agricultural products. The export tax on peanuts in-shell and shelled (120241 & 120242) decreases from 12% to 7%.

CHINA: Tariff Reductions On February 6, 2020, China announced tariff reductions, from 10% to 5% and from 5% to 2.5%, on certain US origin products, which entered into force on February 14, 2020. Among other commodities, the following US products are listed:

HS Code Article description Additional duty HS Code Article description Additional duty 0801 2100 Brazil nuts, in-shell 5% 0802 6200 Macadamia nuts, shelled 5% 0801 2200 Brazil nuts, shelled 5% 0802 9030 Pine nuts, shelled 5% 0801 3100 Cashew nuts, in-shell 5% 0804 1000 Dates, fresh or dried 5% 0801 3200 Cashew nuts, shelled 5% 0804 2000 Figs, fresh or dried 5% 0802 1100 Almonds, in-shell 5% 0806 2000 Grapes, dried 5% 0802 1200 Almonds, shelled 5% 0813 1000 Apricots, dried 5% 0802 2200 Hazelnuts, shelled 5% 0813 2000 Prunes 5% 0802 3100 Walnuts, in-shell 5% 1202 4200 Peanuts, shelled 5% 0802 3200 Walnuts, shelled 5% Groundnuts, in airtight 2008 1110 2.5% 0802 5100 Pistachios, in-shell 5% containers 0802 5200 Pistachios, shelled 5% 2008 1120 Peanuts, roasted 5% 0802 6190 Macadamia nuts, in-shell 5% 2008 1130 Peanut butter 5% Cranberries, prepared or 2008 9300 5% preserved

July 2020 | NUTFRUIT 19 Legal Update

INDIA: Tariffs UK: Global Tariffs On February 1, 2020, the Government of India issued the On May 19, 2020, the UK announced the Global Tariffs which annual budget for Indian Fiscal Year 2020/21, which increased will be applicable when the UK leaves the EU. These tariffs tariffs on shelled walnuts, among other products. The renewed will replace EU’s Common External Tariffs, which apply until Basic Custom Duty (BCD) increased from 30% to 100% the end of the transition period, December 31, 2020, and will for shelled walnuts. However, by notification No. 09/2020 be imposed from January 1, 2021 –if the transition period issued on February 2, 2020, both walnuts in-shell (0802 3100) is not extended. UK Global Tariffs will not be applicable to and shelled (0802 3200) are exempted from Social Welfare countries with a trade agreement with the UK. Among other Surcharge (SWS) of 10% of BCD. Shelled almonds (0802 1200) commodities, UK Global Tariffs will be applicable to the are also exempted from SWS levy. following nuts and dried fruits:

EU Common External Article description UK Global Tariff Tariff Brazil nuts, in-shell and shelled (0801 2100 & 0801 2200) 0.00% 0.00% Cashew nuts, in-shell and shelled (0801 3100 & 0801 3200) 0.00% 0.00% Almonds, in-shell (0802 1100) 5.60% 4.00% Almonds, shelled (0802 1200) 3.50% 2.00% Hazelnuts, in-shell and shelled (0802 2100 & 0802 2200) 3.20% 2.00% Walnuts, in-shell (0802 3100) 4.00% 4.00% Walnuts, shelled (0802 3200) 5.10% 4.00% Pistachios, in-shell and shelled (0802 5100 & 0802 5200) 1.60% 0.00% Macadamia nuts, in-shell and shelled (0802 6190 & 0802 6200) 2.00% 2.00% Pecans (0802 9010) 0.00% 0.00% Pine nuts, shelled (0802 9050) 2.00% 2.00% Dates, fresh or dried (0804 1000) 7.70% 6.00% Figs, fresh or dried (0804 2000) 8.00% 8.00% Currants (0806 2010) 2.40% 2.00% Sultanas (0806 2030) 2.40% 2.00% Grapes, dried (excl. currants and sultanas) (0806 2090) 2.40% 2.00% Apricots, dried (0813 1000) 5.60% 4.00% Prunes (0813 2000) 9.60% 8.00% Peanuts, in-shell and shelled (1202 4100 & 1202 4200) 0.00% 0.00% Peanut butter (2008 1110) 12.80% 12.00% Groundnuts, prepared or preserved, in immediate packings of a net content of > 1 11.20% 10.00% kg (2008 1191) Groundnuts, roasted, in immediate packings of a net content <= 1 kg (2008 1196) 12.00% 12.00% Groundnuts, prepared or preserved, in immediate packings of a content of <= 1 kg 12.80% 12.00% (2008 1198) Roasted almonds and pistachios, in immediate packings of a net content <= 1 kg 10.20% 10.00% (2008 1993) Cranberries, containing added sugar (2008 9391) 17.60% 16.00%

TRADE AGREEMENTS Date Trade agreement The USA-Morocco Free Trade Agreement, which entered into force in 2006, progressively eliminated some bilateral tariffs January 1, 2020 and quotas. From January 1, 2020, US almonds can be exported to Morocco free of quotas and tariffs. The EU Council adopted a decision on the conclusion of the EU-Vietnam Free Trade Agreement (FTA). The FTA will March 30, 2020 eliminate nearly all customs duties on goods traded between the two parties in a progressive way. Its entry into force is expected by summer 2020, when the Vietnamese National Assembly ratifies it. Ecuador approved the Trade Agreement with the European Free Trade Association (EFTA), which includes four countries: April 21, 2020 Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland. Practically all Ecuador exports will be free of tariffs and EFTA products will be granted relief periods depending on Ecuador’s needs.

20 July 2020 | NUTFRUIT

Feature Articles

INC Leadership Perspective on COVID-19

The COVID-19 pandemic is unprecedented in our lifetimes. As the world grapples with the severe implications of this novel virus for people’s health, it is undisputable that the world economy and businesses are facing struggles as well.

The exact beginning of the pandemic is difficult to pinpoint, but with the virus first spreading in China during January, it was not long before the rest of the world would become affected. By mid-March, a large number of countries throughout the world would be facing rapidly rising infections and hard decisions. Apart from the growingly difficult health decisions to be made by governments, the economy and businesses began to retract. In response to growing infections, a large majority of countries began to impose draconian lockdowns and restrict movement, trade, and business operations. With severe restrictions in place and millions of people limited from leaving their houses, all in efforts to mitigate the spread of COVID-19, the global economy slumped. Like most businesses and industries worldwide, the nut and dried fruit industry has had to face numerous setbacks and challenges to overcome this pandemic. The International Nut and Dried Fruit Council (INC), as the leading global voice of the industry and with membership representing over 85% of the world’s commercial

July 2020 | NUTFRUIT 23 Feature Articles

“farm gate” value of trade in nuts and dried Chen Qi (Christina), from QiaQia Food Co. Ltd. fruits, feels that it is imperative to give the in China and a member of the INC Board of industry an update on how the pandemic Trustees. has impacted nuts and dried fruits and the One common theme from the interviews future prospects. The leadership of the INC was the effect of the strict lockdowns in has the unique privilege of being well in-tune their respective countries. As China was the and being able to provide an in-depth analysis first country to experience lockdowns, Ms. of the impacts and future outlook. The Qi noted “it was very tough and there was following sections are excerpts of interviews even panic during the first two months.” conducted by the INC with various members Regarding India, Mr. Nair mentioned, “in the of its leadership team. cashew industry in India, there have been severe consequences due to COVID-19. Lockdown Effects in Asia The factories were all shut during the three Asia was the first region of the world to months lock down and thereby suppliers and experience the COVID-19 pandemic and processors were unable to fulfill contracts now after months of strict lockdowns, on time. Workers were without income, some countries are beginning to relax and restrictions on weddings festivals and those restrictions. To represent Asia in the social gatherings (which accounts for a large interviews, the INC reached out to Pratap portion of nuts and dried fruit sales) affected Nair, from Vijayalaxmi Cashew Company demand considerably.” In Iran, Mr. Agah said, in India, and member of the INC Executive “the lock-downs in general have resulted in Committee, Behrooz Agah, from the Agah significant challenges on two segments of the Group in Iran and INC Ambassador to Iran, and supply chain. It has resulted in reduction in

24 July 2020 | NUTFRUIT Feature Articles

production/processing capacities but has also Roby Danon, from Voicevale Limited in disrupted the flow through distribution/sales the UK and also a member of the Board of channels in different markets.” Trustees, answered the same question with, However, there is still reason to be “considering the nightmarish scenario that optimistic, as Mr. Agah said “promotion and some of us were envisaging in the beginning, increased awareness as to the benefits of it has been remarkably easy to navigate the consumption of different products in this difficulties that we have faced. Human nature sector on general health and well-being” is has a wonderful way of adopting when it likely to be a focus once COVID-19 resides. absolutely needs to and the pandemic has Mr. Nair also stated “I am certain our strong proved that once again.” and resilient industry will have the strength Concerning the future position of the nut and to overcome this challenge”. Ms. Qi echoed dried fruit industry, both Mr. Rieckmann and the same thoughts saying, “because of Mr. Danon expressed a positive outlook. Mr. consumers growing demand for staying Rieckmann stated, “we are quite confident healthy, this industry will accelerate in China.” the dried fruit and nut industry will return to a normal state” and Mr. Danon responded “I do Perspective in Europe not think any damage will be long lasting.” As the epicenter of the pandemic began to shift from China to Europe in April, the nut Situation in the Americas and dried fruit industry proved to be resilient. After the outbreak began to come under more When asked the question, how difficult control across Europe, the center moved to has COVID-19 been to manage, Board of the Americas. For insights into COVID-19 Trustee member, Jan Vincent Rieckmann, and the nut and dried fruit industry in the from August Töpfer & Co. (GmbH & Co.) KG Americas, Bill Carriere, from Carriere Family in Germany, responded that “after initial Farms in the US and member of the INC unclarity and fear of the unknown, we can say Executive Committee, Jeffrey Sanfilippo, it was retrospectively less difficult to manage from John B. Sanfilippo & Son Inc. in the US than it appeared initially. Most European and INC Ambassador to the US, and Edmundo countries were able to get the COVID Valderrama, President of Chilenut in Chile pandemic under control within a reasonable were interviewed. amount of time and things started to One question in the interview asked “How improve again.” would you rate the response to the pandemic

July 2020 | NUTFRUIT 25 Feature Articles

from the nut and dried fruit industry?” Bill Carriere noted, Although as with most situations, there is a positive and a “I think the industry has stepped up to the challenge quite negative. The negative for Australia is also their positive. Being well” and Jeffrey Sanfilippo agreed saying, “I believe the nut secluded from most of the world has allowed them to avoid a and dried fruit industry responded quickly to the pandemic and high infection rate, but as Mr. Dart explains, “this remoteness companies focused on executing best practices to maintain has led to delays in all forms of cargo. International flights have consistent quality food products.” From Chile, Edmundo been few, delaying any airfreight shipments, and there has Valderrama stated, “I am quite proud of the response of our been less frequency of container ships”. industry.” It is important to note that there were still challenges Impact in Africa to be faced as Mr. Carriere mentioned, “the shift from food Africa being one of the largest continents in size and service demand to retail/grocery demand has caused some population makes it difficult to capture the entire effect of issues. When there were product shifts, the packaging COVID, but some countries are beginning to slowly ease and formulations are not the same for the two uses, so lockdowns across the region. Ashok Krishen, from Olam in adjustments had to be made”. Nevertheless, Mr. Sanfilippo and Singapore, and member of the INC Executive Committee Mr. Valderrama pointed out there are still opportunities for the is the representative for Africa as Olam has substantial industry as a result from COVID-19. business there. Mr. Krishen highlights that it is important to understand the Recovery in Oceania different regions of the world are affected in different waves Being as isolated as Australia and New Zealand are has most and that “in Olam, having the breadth and depth of origins in certainly helped with mitigating the effects of the pandemic. both hemispheres has proved invaluable”. With low infection rates throughout Australia, businesses were He also makes the notion that ‘’with child labour and a lot quicker to begin the road to recovery. As a representative food security seen as increased risks amid the pandemic, from Oceania, Declan Dart, from Trumps Pty. Ltd. in Australia, particularly in rural farming communities, traceability and and INC Ambassador to Australia was interviewed. transparency are more critical than ever.” Lastly, Mr. Krishen In the interview, Mr. Dart gave a unique viewpoint on the anticipates that “post COVID-19, the consumer behavior and pandemic, saying, “the greatest difference in the situation habits are likely to change and we will need to be agile to meet and others we have faced is that it is worldwide and there has the changed expectations.” been an understanding throughout the supply chain including even retailers and consumers.” This demonstrates just how The INC expresses its sincere gratitude for all those who unprecedented COVID-19 is because the entire world is facing collaborated and gave information for this article. You can find the same problem and the positive aspect of this is it allows the full interviews at www.nutfruit.org/publications. for greater understanding. Mr. Dart also adds that “certainly in Australia it has been incredible how quickly businesses have responded and put in place risk mitigation processes. To a large extent, it has been business as usual.”

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[email protected] www.tomra.com/food Feature Articles

Recent Advances in Digital Agriculture Based on Remote Sensing, Biometrics and Artificial Intelligence Applications

Digital Agriculture deals with the SIGFREDO FUENTES implementation and integration of digital DIGITAL AGRICULTURE, FOOD AND WINE SCIENCES data, sensors and tools on agricultural GROUP; SCHOOL OF AGRICULTURE AND FOOD, applications from the paddock to FACULTY OF VETERINARY AND AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, UNIVERSITY OF MELBOURNE, consumers. These technologies can range MELBOURNE, VIC 3010, AUSTRALIA from: big data, sensor technology, sensor networks, remote sensing, robotics, and Prof. Fuentes is the leader of the Digital Agriculture, Food unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV). Data and Wine Sciences Group (DAFW) and his main research and teaching interests are related to the use of state-of-the-art processing is performed using new and instrumentation for plant physiology and agricultural research, emerging technologies, such as computer such as short range, airborne, satellite remote sensing, robotics vision, machine learning and artificial and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV). Recent advances made by intelligence, among others. The latest Prof. Fuentes are in the area of artificial intelligence (AI) applied to Digital Agriculture through the development of computer advances made by the DAFW group for programs for agricultural research and practical applications, crop monitoring / decision making, development of new methodologies to assess plant physiology assessment of quality of produces, and growth using computer vision and machine learning (ML). sensory analysis for consumer perception He is the international coordinator for The Vineyard of The Future Initiative (VoF), which is a multinational collaboration to assessment and animal stress and welfare establish a fully instrumented model vineyard for climate change assessment are presented in this article. research (www.vineyardofthefuture.com).

The Digital Agriculture, Food and Wine Sciences group (DAFW) An important aspect of this system is that targeted belonging to The Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural consumers can be assessed using AI systems developed (Bio- Sciences (FVAS) from The University of Melbourne have been sensory App and ML modelling) to obtain liking and sensory working on the implementation of Digital tools in Agriculture. analysis of specific produces. These results can be used as These tools include remote sensing using satellite and feedback to the farm production to assist management related unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs); short range and proximal to for example irrigation scheduling, canopy management remote sensing using computer applications (Apps), robotics, and fertilization to obtain a consistent produce for a specific biological (trained dogs) and digital sensor technology and market (Figure 1). sensor networks to monitor the Soil-Plant-Atmosphere (SPA) The most important and relevant applications developed interactions; implementation of the Internet of things (IoT) for by the DAFW group can be summarized as follows: data gathering, storage and communication (Figure 1). Data analysis is performed mainly through signal analysis, computer VitiCanopy App vision and Machine Learning (ML) to obtain supervised and A smartphone and tablet PC application (iOS and Android unsupervised learning models for data analysis and decision systems) that uses upward-looking photography from making. Model accuracies obtained by the DAFW group and canopies of grapevines and fruit and forestry trees to assess published in peer-reviewed journals are higher than 85%, with leaf area index (LAI) and other canopy architecture parameters many over 90% in the prediction of many important factors through computer vision algorithms (Figure 1) [1-5]. This App that are critical for decision-making from the farm to the has been used around the world for research, management consumer’s palate. and teaching purposes.

28 July 2020 | NUTFRUIT Feature Articles

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Smartphone sparkling wine and beer for quality assessment and consumer based Spatial mapping technology to of multispectral [14,15] capture NIR and image / IRTI preference . IRTI, and relay of biological Harvest for sensory sensors (dogs) analysis using biometrics signal Ground-truth validation from consumer of remotely sensed Proximal BioSensory App Algorithms information and machine remote sensing learning modelling Computer application to detect non-invasive physiological Remote sensing modelling changes in humans (heart rate, blood pressure, body temperature, posture, emotional response through facial

Plant water status recognition) and animals (heart rate, body temperature, startle, Vigour assessment Fertilizer demand Leaf Area Index respiration rate). This App has been applied to sensory analysis Decision- Fruit recognition making Pest and diseases of food, beverages and packaging for humans and detection of

Non-destructive stress and welfare assessment for farm and small animals, such assessment Machine learning modelling for liking and [16-18] sensory profile corresponding to field data as pets and zoo animals .

Figure 1. Implementation and integration of digital tools from the farm to Low-cost Electronic Nose (e-nose): the consumer’s palate developed by the Digital Agriculture, Food and Wine group (DAFW). University of Melbourne. Ground truthing is important (left) Development of low cost e-nose for applications on beverages using state of the art technology such as infrared thermal imagery (IRTI), and smoke contamination in vineyards and smoke taint in near infrared spectroscopy (NIR), gas chromatography - mass spectrometry [19] (GCMS) and physiological assessment. Remote sensing and applications wines . Future research will be based on this e-nose to assess developed using biological and digital sensor technology (up). Information presence of pests and diseases in crops. from the bio-Sensory App (right) can be used as feedback to the farm to manage produce quality based on targeted consumer appreciation and liking. Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +61-03- 9035 9670

Object Analyser App References: 1. Carrasco-Benavides, M.; Mora, M.; Maldonado, G.; Olguín-Cáceres, A computer code based on computer vision and machine J.; von Bennewitz, E.; Ortega-Farías, S.; Gajardo, J.; Fuentes, S. Assessment of an automated digital method to estimate leaf area index (lai) in cherry trees. New learning to assess morpho-colorimetric and fractal analysis to Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science 2016, 44, 247-261. 2. Poblete- Echeverría, C.; Fuentes, S.; Ortega-Farias, S.; Gonzalez-Talice, J.; Yuri, A.J. Digital assess complexity of objects. This code has been applied to cover photography for estimating leaf area index (lai) in apple trees using a variable grapevine leaves and medicinal plant leaves to classify them light extinction coefficient. Sensors 2015, 15.3. Fuentes, S.; Palmer, A.R.; Taylor, D.; Zeppel, M.; Whitley, R.; Eamus, D. An automated procedure for estimating the leaf according to varieties. It can be used to other objects, such area index (lai) of woodland ecosystems using digital imagery, matlab programming as dry fruits, nuts, rice and olives among others to extract and its application to an examination of the relationship between remotely sensed and field measurements of lai. Functional Plant Biology 2008, 35, 1070-1079.4. De information for classification purposes or quality assessment Bei, R.; Fuentes, S.; Gilliham, M.; Tyerman, S.; Edwards, E.; Bianchini, N.; Smith, J.; [6,7] Collins, C. Viticanopy: A free computer app to estimate canopy vigor and porosity using machine learning . for grapevine. Sensors 2016, 16. 5. Fuentes, S.; Chacon, G.; Torrico, D.D.; Zarate, A.; Gonzalez Viejo, C. Spatial variability of aroma profiles of cocoa trees obtained through computer vision and machine learning modelling: A cover photography and Water Stress Mapping high spatial remote sensing application. Sensors 2019, 19, 3054. 6. S., F.; E., H.-M.; Implementation of infrared thermal and multispectral imaging JM., E.; J., B.; C., G.V.; C., P.-E.; E., T.; H., M. Automated grapevine cultivar classification and water stress assessment based on machine learning using leaf morpho- from proximal and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) remote colorimetry, fractal dimension and near-infrared spectroscopy. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture 2018. 7. Xue, J.; Fuentes, S.; Poblete-Echeverria, C.; Viejo, sensing to assess plant water status for irrigation purposes C.G.; Tongson, E.; Du, H.; Su, B. Automated chinese medicinal plants classification using computer vision and machine learning modelling [8,9]. based on machine learning using leaf morpho-colorimetry, fractal dimension and. International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2019, 12, 123-131. 8. Fuentes, S.; De Bei, R.; Pech, J.; Tyerman, S. Computational water stress indices obtained from thermal image analysis of grapevine canopies. Irrigation Science Smoke Contamination and Taint in Wines 2012, 30, 523-536. 9. Romero, M.; Luo, Y.; Su, B.; Fuentes, S. Vineyard water status Digital tools to assess the effect of bushfires and smoke estimation using multispectral imagery from an uav platform and machine learning algorithms for irrigation scheduling management. Computers and electronics in contamination in grapevine canopies and smoke taint in wines agriculture 2018, 147, 109-117. 10. Fuentes, S.; Tongson, E.J.; De Bei, R.; Gonzalez using remote sensing and machine learning [10-12]. Viejo, C.; Ristic, R.; Tyerman, S.; Wilkinson, K. Non-invasive tools to detect smoke contamination in grapevine canopies, berries and wine: A remote sensing and machine learning modeling approach. Sensors (Basel) 2019, 19, 3335. 11. S., F.; R., D.B.; E., T.; R., R.; S., T.; K., W. Detection of smoke contamination in grapevine Big Data for Grape and Wine Quality canopies and berries using infrared thermography, near infrared spectroscopy Assessment of big data from vertical vintages to determine and machine learning. In GiESCO Group of international Experts for Cooperation on Vitivinicultural Systems, Mendoza, Argentina, 2017. 12. S., F.; E., T. Advances in wine quality. Big data was assessed from weather and vineyard smoke contamination detection systems for grapevine canopies and berries. Wine water management to predict aroma profiles, sensory of wines and Viticultural Journal 2017, 32, 36-39. 13. Fuentes, S.; Gonzalez Viejo, C.; Wang, X.; Torrico, D.D. In Aroma and quality assessment for vertical vintages using machine and chemometrics with high accuracy (>95%) for determined learning modelling based on weather and management information, Proceedings of vineyards [13]. the 21st GiESCO International Meeting, Thessaloniki, Greece, 2019; pp 23-28. 14. Condé, B.C.; Fuentes, S.; Caron, M.; Xiao, D.; Collmann, R.; Howell, K.S. Development of a robotic and computer vision method to assess foam quality in sparkling wines. Food Control 2017, 71, 383-392. 15. Gonzalez Viejo, C.; Fuentes, S.; Li, G.; Sniffer Dogs with Inspector Paw App Collmann, R.; Condé, B.; Torrico, D. Development of a robotic pourer constructed Development of a smartphone application for dogs to detect with ubiquitous materials, open hardware and sensors to assess beer foam quality using computer vision and pattern recognition algorithms: Robobeer. Food Research pest and diseases and to map detection within crop fields. International 2016, 89, 504-513. 16. Jorquera-Chavez, M.; Fuentes, S.; Dunshea, This app uses sensor information from mobile phones and F.R.; Warner, R.D.; Poblete, T.; Jongman, E.C. Modelling and validation of computer vision techniques to assess heart rate, eye temperature, ear-base temperature and GPS location to detect and map detection gestures from dogs respiration rate in cattle. Animals 2019, 9, 1089. 17. Jorquera-Chavez, M.; Fuentes, S.; Dunshea, F.R.; Warner, R.D.; Poblete, T.; Morrison, R.S.; Jongman, E.C. Remotely trained for specific stimuli using machine learning modelling. sensed imagery for early detection of respiratory disease in pigs: A pilot study. Animals 2020, 10, 451. 18. Fuentes, S.; Gonzalez Viejo, C.; Torrico, D.; Dunshea, F. Development of a biosensory computer application to assess physiological and Robotic Pourers for Sparkling Wine and Beer emotional responses from sensory panelists. Sensors 2018, 18, 2958. 19. Gonzalez Development of Robotic pourers coupled with computer vision Viejo, C.; Fuentes, S.; Godbole, A.; Widdicombe, B.; Unnithan, R.R. Development of a low-cost e-nose to assess aroma profiles: An artificial intelligence application to and machine learning to assess morpho-chemometrics of assess beer quality. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 2020, 127688.

July 2020 | NUTFRUIT 29 Feature Articles

Five Hazelnut Cultivars from Oregon State University for the Kernel Market

SHAWN A. Hazelnut is an economically important tree nut for MEHLENBACHER which demand currently exceeds supply. Plantings DEPT. OF HORTICULTURE have expanded in many current production areas, OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY and orchards have been established in areas new to CORVALLIS, OR 97331 USA hazelnut production. Nearly all world production is Dr. Shawn Mehlenbacher earned his Ph.D. based on selections from the local, wild vegetation, in Plant Breeding at Cornell University in but new cultivars from the Oregon State University 1982 after graduating from Pennsylvania State University in 1978 with a B.S. in breeding program with ‘Gasaway’ resistance to eastern Horticulture. Mehlenbacher has held filbert blight (EFB) are now being widely planted. This tree crop breeding responsibilities at article describes five cultivars for the kernel market: Oregon State University Department ‘Tonda Pacifica’, ‘Dorris’, ‘Wepster’, ‘McDonald’, and of Horticulture since 1986, beginning as an Assistant Professor and since 2000 ‘PollyO’. All have high yields, high kernel quality and serving as Oregon Hazelnut Industry nuts that are nearly round with few defects. Professor.

‘Tonda Pacifica’ was released in 2010 for its exceptional kernel quality and ease of pellicle removal, but is highly susceptible to EFB. It is from a cross of ‘Tonda Gentile delle Langhe’ x OSU 23.024 and its kernel quality is similar to that of its female parent. Trees are less precocious than other recent releases, but nut yields in years 3-7 are slightly higher than ‘Barcelona’. Tree

size is about 77% of ‘Barcelona’ but Tonda Pacifica nuts in husk. yield efficiency is considerably higher. In Chile, ‘Tonda Pacifica’ trees appear to be more sensitive to sunburn and strong a single tree. Kernel texture and flavor wind than those of other cultivars. is similar to that of its grandparent Although the husks are long, they are ‘Tonda Gentile delle Langhe’. Nut yields slit and open as they dry. Nut maturity per tree are similar to ‘Barcelona’ but is 7-10 days earlier than ‘Barcelona’. the tree size is only about 60% of Percent kernel is about 48%. ‘Barcelona’. Yield efficiency is 58% ‘Dorris’ was released in 2012 for higher than ‘Barcelona’, and the small its exceptional kernel quality, ease tree size makes it suitable for high- of pellicle removal, and high yield density plantings. Nut maturity is with efficiency but small tree size. It is from ‘Barcelona’. Percent kernel is 43%, the a cross of OSU 309.074 x ‘Delta’ and same as ‘Barcelona’. The pellicle is easily carries EFB resistance from ‘Gasaway’. removed from the kernel with dry heat. ‘Dorris’ nut and kernel size is larger ‘Wepster’ was released in 2013 for than those of most kernel cultivars, the kernel market. It is from a cross and there is a range in nut sizes from of ‘Tonda Pacifica’ x OSU 440.005 and

30 July 2020 | NUTFRUIT Feature Articles

carries EFB resistance from ‘Gasaway’. has also been released, of which The trees are considerably more ‘York’, ‘Felix’ and ‘Theta’ are the most vigorous than ‘Yamhill’, have an open interesting. These three set large but globose growth habit, and yield quantities of catkins that shed pollen efficiency is high. Most of its kernels with high viability. ‘York’ has a medium- are the size (1.1 g) desired by the size tree and sheds pollen in mid-season confectionary industry, and the pellicle with ‘Daviana’. ‘Felix’ has a vigorous tree on the kernels is easily removed by and sheds pollen in late mid-season with dry heat. Kernel texture and flavor are ‘Hall’s Giant’. ‘Theta’ has a moderately very good, and the pellicle is easily vigorous tree and sheds pollen very late removed from the kernel with dry heat. PollyO nuts kernels container. in the season. In addition, some of the Percent kernel is 46%, a bit higher than cultivars described above could be used ‘Barcelona’. Nut maturity is 7-10 days as pollinizers. before ‘Barcelona’. selection ‘Zimmerman’. The pedigree includes ‘Mortarella’ from southern Italy and ‘Negret’ from Spain. The trees are vigorous and productive, and have a globose shape. The yield efficiency is similar to ‘Jefferson’ but less than ‘Yamhill’. The kernel size is similar to ‘McDonald’. The kernel texture, flavor and ease of pellicle removal are excellent. Nuts are 48% kernel by weight, and nuts mature and drop two weeks before ‘Barcelona’. All of the cultivars listed above Wepster tree. have been described in publications in ‘McDonald’ was released in 2014 for HortScience. These publications give the kernel market. It is from a cross of additional information on performance, ‘Tonda Pacifica’ x ‘Santiam’ and carries frequency of defects, incompatibility EFB resistance from ‘Gasaway’. The alleles, and flowering time. trees are intermediate in vigor between Legal protection has been sought ‘Yamhill’ and ‘Wepster’, and have an for these five and additional cultivars in Jefferson and Dorris nuts kernels. open but globose growth habit. Yield the USA, Chile, European Union and a efficiency is similar to ‘Wepster’. The few other countries. A list of nurseries kernel size is similar to ‘Sacajawea’ licensed to propagate and sell trees and larger than ‘Wepster’, and kernel may be obtained from Oregon State texture, flavor and ease of pellicle University. These cultivars should be removal are excellent. The nuts have attractive additions to the assortment thin shells and are 52% kernel by weight, available in producing countries. and they mature and drop two weeks Growers and end-users will be pleased before ‘Barcelona’. by their high yields of round nuts with ‘PollyO’ was released in 2018 for high kernel quality and few defects. the kernel market as a complement to In addition to the five cultivars ‘Wepster’, ‘McDonald’ and ‘Yamhill’. It described above, ‘Jefferson’ was is from a cross of OSU 684.104 x OSU released in 2009 for the in-shell market, 669.104 and carries EFB resistance and ‘Sacajawea’ and ‘Yamhill’ for the from ‘Gasaway’ through the grower kernel market. A series of pollinizers

July 2020 | NUTFRUIT 31

Feature Articles

Ensuring Nut- MARIBEL OVANDO- MARTINEZ, MARCOS byproduct Antioxidants LEON-BEJARANO, SENAY SIMSEK as Agents to Improve Dr. Maribel Ovando-Martinez is an associate professor in the Biotechnology Modified Starch-based of Natural Resources Laboratory at the University of Sonora. Marcos Leon- Bejarano obtained his MSc degree at the Film Properties University of Sonora. Dr. Senay Simsek is a professor at North Dakota State Hazelnut and pecan byproducts are a great source University. of antioxidants such as phenolic compounds. The addition of antioxidants from nut-byproducts as agents to improve the properties of modified starch-based Octenyl Succinate Starch- materials results in a potential food packing material. based Films Properties The film thickness increased slightly, Starch represents a great polymeric matrix because it is biocompatible and and water vapor permeability did not biodegradable. However, starch application as a food packing material is limited vary. However, when nut-byproduct mainly by their poor water-barrier properties. Chemical modification with octenyl antioxidants concentration increased, succinate anhydride (OSA) is an option to solve this problem, as well as to increase the its solubility in water decreased due to encapsulation efficiency of antioxidants. The nut industry generates a large amount of an increase in the hydrophobicity of the byproducts because of the high demand and consumption of nuts. Byproducts such surface of the film. The decrease in water as shells, skins, leaves, husks, and others are a great source of antioxidants, such as solubility indicates an improvement in phenolic compounds, which are characterized by their antioxidant activity. Therefore, the water-barrier property. Starch-based the addition of antioxidants from nut-byproducts to modified starch-based films films with hazelnut skin were darker in could improve their properties and made them suitable as food packing materials. color than pecan nutshell films because the phenolics and flavonoids extracted Preparation of Materials to Elaborate the Modified Starch- from pecan shells and hazelnut skin based Films have a reddish-brown color. Although Native potato starch was modified to obtain octenyl succinate starch. Pecan nutshell films showed different colors and and hazelnut skin were ground, mixed with aqueous ethanol solution (60%) to extract transparency, they absorbed the UV the antioxidants, and finally freeze-dried to determine the phenols and flavonoids light. The addition of nut-byproduct content. Once all materials were ready, the film-forming solution was prepared by antioxidants decreased the rigidity of mixing octenyl succinate starch, glycerol, and water at 95 ºC. The solution was cooled the films because the antioxidants acted down to 60 ºC and nut-byproduct antioxidants dissolved in 60% ethanol solution (0, as plasticizing agents when interacting 25, 50, 75, 100 mg) were added to the forming-solution and mixed. The film-forming with the modified starch. Also, puncture solution was cast in square plastic plates and dried at 60 ºC. Dried films were removed and tear resistance slightly increased, to measure thickness, water-barrier properties, color, mechanical characteristics, meaning films have more plastic surface topography, and biodegradability. behavior and mechanical resistance than films with octenyl succinate starch. A) Octenyl succinate starch-based film B) The increase of antioxidants in the films decreased its biodegradability in soil (Figure 1A-B). Albeit biodegradability values are around 70%, films are Octenyl succinate starch-based film with pecan considered biodegradable materials. nutshell antioxidants The slight increase in roughness is related to antioxidants interaction with the polymeric matrix, and also with the water-barrier and biodegradability Octenyl succinate starch-based film with hazelnut skin changes. antioxidants In conclusion, such biodegradability values and the improvement of film properties indicated these films could be an option for the replacement of

Figure 1. Starch based-films with nut-byproducts. petroleum-based plastics and add value A) Surface and roughness of films.B) Biodegradability of films in soil. to nut-byproducts.

July 2020 | NUTFRUIT 33 Feature Articles

Current State of Hazelnut Cultivation in the Countries of Commonwealth of Independent States

ERIKA DZHANGALINA1, Hazelnuts are a wide-spread valuable species. This MANSHUK manuscript is devoted to the features of the hazelnut ZHEXESEMBEKOVA2, cultivation in the countries of Commonwealth of ELVIRA SHADENOVA1, Independent States (CIS countries) including a 1,3 AIGERIM MAMIROVA , description of the most promising varieties, main 1 ANASTASIYA KAPYTINA , breeding directions, and cultivation systems. GULZHANAY Currently, about 20 countries all over the world KAMSHYBAYEVA1 industrially produce hazelnuts. Turkey, Italy, USA, and 1 INSTITUTE OF GENERAL Chile are the main manufacturers of hazelnuts. In the GENETICS AND CYTOLOGY, ALMATY, KAZAKHSTAN CIS countries, Azerbaijan occupies a leading position 2 PRIVATE AGRICULTURAL FARM in the cultivation of hazelnuts with 23 thousand ha, «TURGEN», ALMATY, KAZAKHSTAN while Georgia (16 thousand ha) and Krasnodar Region 3 FACULTY OF BIOLOGY AND (2 thousand ha) take 2nd and 3rd places. The rising BIOTECHNOLOGY, AL-FARABI KAZAKH NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, demand for final products has significantly increased ALMATY, KAZAKHSTAN the interest in this crop in countries where hazelnuts are not a local crop.

Dr. Erika Dzhangalina, with PhD in biological science, is a leader researcher in the Institute of General Genetics and Cytology (Kazakhstan). She has about Hazelnut selection in the territory Adygea, Kabardino-Balkaria, Dagestan 30 years of work experience and over of CIS countries started during the and Crimea, as well as Belarus and 80 international and local scientific USSR period. Yablokov A. created the Ukraine, have a small volume of hazelnut publications. Her scientific interests hazelnut hybrid collection in 1933-1935. production. are plant biotechnology, physiology and In the following years, winter-hardy biochemistry. and high-yield cultivars with good nut There are more than 200 properties and excellent decorative cultivars of hazelnuts worldwide qualities were obtained from these but only about a dozen have hybrids. Great interest was found in the commercial importance. following hybrid cultivars: Tambov early, Tambov late, Moscow ruby, Severny-42, Yablokov Memory, Academician Yablokov, In the Russian Federation, Firstborn, Yunnat, No. 569, etc. The production of hazelnuts is about 2 candidates yield reached 7-10 kg from thousand tons with a yield of 500- the bush and 400-800 kg/ha, with a 700 kg/ha. In 1965, hybrids between nut mass of about 2.5 g and a kernel wild hazel, originated from the Black

E-mail: yield between 47-65% (oil content Sea coast, and hazelnut cultivars [email protected], around 73%). In the CIS countries, were obtained. These hybrids are [email protected], [email protected], the main plantings of hazelnuts are characterized by high productivity, frost [email protected], concentrated in Azerbaijan, Georgia, and resistance, and quality of nuts. Now in [email protected], [email protected] the Krasnodar Region. The republics of the Krasnodar Territory, such hybrids

34 July 2020 | NUTFRUIT Feature Articles

are cultivated as Circassian-2, Trapezund, Kudryavchik, Lombard and Crimea. The main cultivars grown in Ukraine are red and Lombard white, Badem, Kerasund round and Kerasund Stepnoy-83, Masterpiece, and Bulgarian novelty. These cultivars long. Circassian-2 and Kudryavchik showed better indicators of differ in local conditions with high yields, comparative winter the crop and quality, and Circassian-2 occupies over 95% of hardiness, high yield of core and fat (63%). Trapezund cultivar all planting areas. Circassian-2 is relatively drought-tolerant is popular in Crimea. New hazelnuts cultivars Sofievsky-1, and frost-resistant. Early maturity begins between the 3rd Sofievsky-2, and Sofievsky-15 are characterized by spherical and 4th year. The yield is equal to 1170-250 kg/ha. Fruits are or almost spherical fruits, high winter hardiness, and drought medium-sized and the shell is thin, smooth, light or red- tolerance, as well as the lack of rhythm during fruiting. brown. The kernel makes up to 48-52% of the total mass and In Belarus, the possibility of introducing other species of has an excellent taste and oilseed nature. Under controlled hazelnut is currently being studied. conditions, the fruits can be perfectly transported and stored In Moldova, the Gulishishvela, Futkurami, Ganja, Dedoplistita for two years or more. The recommended cultivation zone is in and Shvelis Kura produce up to 1300-1500 kg/ha of nuts. the area of the North Caucasus. The optimal planting schemes Panakhessky, Adygei and Shakhinsky turned out to be promising are bush method, double-row planting (6.5 + 0.5) x 2, one tree for cultivation in Southern Kyrgyzstan. trunk 6 x 2 m. The most famous cultivars in Russian Federation are The main hazelnut cultivation system in the Adygei-1, Panakhessky, and Circassian-2 as well as the local CIS countries is bunch-forming system, with Georgian Futkurami cultivar. The most valuable hybrids a square layout of planting places from 5×5 cultivated in the Krasnodar region are the President, Ata-Baba, to 7×7 m and the formation of 8-12 uterine Futkurami, Trapezund, and Gubensky, Kurortny, Gustav, Sikler, trunks in the bush. Kadetten, Cosford, Webba prize, Silver, Academician Yablokov, Moscow Ruby, Purpurea, hybrid No.1 (Kerasund x Badem) and hybrid No.35 (Circassian x Kadatten). Perestroika, Victoria, The average yield of hazelnuts is 650-850 kg/ha. In the Kristina, Anastasia, Galina and Caucasus are new-generation conditions of the Black Sea gardening zone, a “Tatura” tree- adaptive cultivars which are flexible to subtropics conditions. shaped formation system was developed. The use of “Tatura” They are characterized by high productivity (1570-1750 kg/ha) standard formation has made it possible to obtain stable yields and high-quality. of hazelnuts at the level of 1200 kg/ha, which is 1.5 times Cultivars of interest in Dagestan are the cultivars of higher than with the bush cultivation system. Georgian breeding (Khachapura, Futkurami, Dedoplistita) Thus, the introduction of hazelnuts should be based on and Azerbaijani cultivars (Ata-Baba, Sachakhly). The top the new generation cultivars, taking into account climatic, 10 local hazelnut forms identified areYuzhnodagestan-1 , agrobiological, genetic, and biochemical parameters. Yuzhnodagestan-2, Yuzhnodagestan-3, Yuzhnodagestan-4, Derbent-1, Derbent-2, Derbent-4, Derbent-7, Derbent-19 and Derbent-28. Yuzhnodagestan forms are high-yielding (6-10 kg/ bush), thin-shelled (0.7-0.9 mm), with a high kernel yield (56- 90%) and fat content around 64-71%. Azerbaijan is the largest hazelnut supplier in the former USSR territory with more than 3 million hazelnut plants (23 thousand ha). The average yield is 160-180 kg/ha. The most common cultivars of national selection are Ata-baba, Bomba, Ashrafi, Yagly, Ashrafi Oguz-5, Ganja. Ata-baba is an old Azerbaijani cultivar with medium-sized fruits. The core yield ranges up to 53%, the fat content is 70%, and the maximum yield from the bush is 30 kg. Sakhachli is a late Azerbaijani cultivar with medium-sized fruits containing up to 70% of fat. The hazelnut production in Azerbaijan is similar to the current Spanish production. The total area of hazelnut production in Ukraine is less than 0.1 thousand ha with an average yield of 18-43 kg/ha. Main regions of the hazelnut production are Odessa, Kirovograd,

July 2020 | NUTFRUIT 35 Introducing the world’s largest supplier of premium macadamias.

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Brisbane +61 7 3025 4900 I www.marquis.com I [email protected] Country/Product Spotlight Macadamias & Australia Introducing the world’s largest supplier of premium macadamias.

This Country Product Spotlight is the second in a series of Industry Highlight industry and market overviews in the Nutfruit magazine. An overview of production, trade, and This report provides a snapshot of the Macadamia industry consumption in Australia, with data, analysis, and trends. Additionally, If you are in the market for quality macadamias you need look no there is an article on conservation, update on the latest The Australian Macadamia further. Marquis Marketing is a 100% grower-owned marketing business health findings, and new product launches. Industry’s Unique formed by Marquis Macadamias in Australia and Global Macadamias Contribution to Conservation The first section, Industry Highlight, had to be shortened Denise Bond discusses macadamia in South Africa. We partner with our customers to make the sourcing of due to space limitations.The complete report can be found conservation in Australia all your macadamia needs easy and reliable. at www.nutfruit.org/industry/publications/inc-magazine. Macadamias and Health Understanding macadamias and their impact on health

We would like to thank the Australian Macadamia Society and Denise New Product Launches Bond from the Macadamia Conservation Trust for their collaboration in Insights into new products that this edition. utilize macadamias Brisbane +61 7 3025 4900 I www.marquis.com I [email protected]

July 2020 | NUTFRUIT 37 Country/Product Spotlight

Industry Highlight

Australia’s Macadamia Industry in Numbers

800 28,000 ha 8.7 million Growers Under planting Macadamia trees

46,000 MT 20 % 160 g 5-year average production of world macadamia Highest world per capita (in-shell basis @3.5 NIS mc) kernel exports annual consumption

80 % 70 % Production sold as Production kernel exported

Production From the 1970’s to today, the macadamia industry has experienced a rapid growth, reaching a global crop of 230,000 metric tons (MT) in-shell basis/60,000 MT kernel basis (at 3.5% nut in-shell moisture content (NIS mc)) in 2019. Following this increasing trend, total macadamia crop for 2020 is forecasted at 232,120 MT in-shell basis /60,900 MT kernel basis (@ 3.5 NIS mc) and this annual increment is anticipated to be sustained throughout the present decade as the planted areas keep expanding in some of the major as well as in the emerging producing origins (Figure 1). Australia is one of the world’s biggest macadamia producing origins, accounting for about 30% of the world production (2009-2019 average) along with South Africa and Kenya. The crop is also produced commercially in many tropical and subtropical regions throughout the world: Asia (China, Vietnam), America (Hawaii, Guatemala, Brazil, Colombia) and other regions of Africa (Malawi) (Figure 1)1234.

Figure 1. World Macadamia Production (kernel basis, metric tons) Sources: Australian Macadamia Society and INC.

70,000 Australia Guatemala 60,900 South Africa Malawi 61,216 Kenya Brazil 58,821 60,000 China Others

49,131 USA 49,346

50,000 46,597 41,375 37,184

40,000 36,637 1. Hardner, C., Costa e Silva, J., Williams, E., Meyers, N., & McConchie, C. (2019).

29,356 Breeding New Cultivars for the Australian 30,000 28,583 Macadamia Industry, HortScience horts, 54(4), 621-628. 2. Hardner, C. M., Peace, C., Lowe, A. J., Neal, J., Pisanu, P., Powell, M., et al. (2009). “Genetic resources 20,000 and domestication of macadamia,” in Horticultural Reviews, ed. J. Janick Hoboken (Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons), 1–125. 3. Nock, C. J., Hardner, 10,000 C.M., Montenegro, J. D., Ahmad Termizi, A. A., Hayashi, S., Playford, J., Edwards, D, and Batley, J. (2019) Wild Origins of 0 10,455 7,800 11,400 8,400 12,199 13,500 15,600 13,760 14,800 13,000 11,000 Macadamia Domestication Identified Through Intraspecific Chloroplast Genome Sequencing. Front. Plant Sci. 10:334. 4. 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017* 2018 2019* 2020* INC Database. 5. Australian Macadamias *Major weather disruptions impacted 2017, 2019 and 2020 Australian crops: Cyclone Debbie in 2017, above average Yearbooks (2018 and 2019 issues). temperatures, and severe drought during 2019 and the beginning of 2020. Australian Macadamia Society.

38 July 2020 | NUTFRUIT The industry has grown spectacularly in just 45 years. In spite of the seasonal variations, the macadamia crop in Australia clearly followed a growing trend over the last 25 years. Production levels doubled Figure 2. Macadamia Growing Regions in Australia up between 1995 and 2019 and sustainably increased Source: Australian Macadamia Society over the last five years, ranging between 43,000 and 49,300 MT in-shell basis (@3.5 NIS mc). Due to extreme high temperatures and drought events during the 2019 spring and early summer, the 2020 crop is Mackay forecasted at 36,500 MT, below the recent seasons’ Emerald average (Table 1). NT QLD Bundaberg In Australia, macadamias are grown mostly along the East Coast by 800 growers, covering 28,000 Gympie WA ha with 8.7 million macadamia trees (2019). In Glasshouse M. Queensland, the Bundaberg region adds up to 41% of SA Northern the country production; Northern Rivers, in New South Rivers NSW Wales, accounts for the following 35%. The rest of the Nambucca growing areas are distributed from Mackay (QLD) to Nambucca (NSW) plus a small share in Margaret River Margaret Rivers VIC in Western Australia (Figure 2). New area under plantation is largely being converted from former cane land. Bundaberg has TAS recently experienced the fastest production growth, equally owing to both new growers entering into the WA: Western Australia, NT: Northern Territory, SA: South Australia, QLD: Queensland, industry and established growers expanding their NSW: New South Wales, VIC: Victoria, TAS: Tasmania. orchards. The Australian Macadamia Society reported that significant new plantings are expected over the current and the next year in Queensland and in New The Australian Macadamia Society has been South Wales and to reach up to 35,000 ha by 2025. promoting and coordinating the industry’s research Besides, considering that one third of the planted and development, innovation and marketing actions macadamia trees have not yet reached full production, since 1974. With over 700 individual and business the crop is anticipated to keep growing up to 70,000 members, the organization accounts for more than MT (3.5% NIS mc) in 5 years’ time (Table 1)5. 85% of Australia’s macadamia production.

Table 1. Australian Macadamia Production

Number of trees Area under Production in-shell Production kernel Season Growers (million) planting (ha) basis (MT, @3.5 mc) basis (MT, @3.5 mc) 2010 600 4.6 14,800 35,500 10,455 2011 600 4.7 15,000 28,500 7,800 2012 600 4.8 15,200 38,000 11,780 2013 600 4.6 14,700 35,200 10,500 2014 600 4.9 15,600 40,700 13,080 2015 625 4.9 15,600 45,100 13,500 2016 650 5.3 17,000 48,600 15,600 2017* 700 6.9 22,000 43,000 13,760 2018 750 7.8 25,000 49,300 14,800 2019* 800 8.8 28,000 43,500 13,000 2020* Forecast 825 9.1 29,000 36,500 11,000 2025 Forecast 900 11 35,000 70,000 70,000

Source: Australian Macadamia Society and INC. *Major weather disruptions impacted 2017, 2019 and 2020 Australian crops: Cyclone Debbie in 2017, above average temperatures, and severe drought during 2019 and the beginning of 2020. MT: metric tons, mc: moisture content.

5. Australian Macadamias Yearbooks (2018 and 2019 issues). Australian Macadamia Society.

July 2020 | NUTFRUIT 39 Country/Product Spotlight

Trade Being one of the top world Figure 3. Australian Macadamia Kernel Sales (metric tons) macadamia producers, Australia is Source: Australian Macadamia Handlers Association. also one of the largest exporting and 8,000 consuming origins. Around 80% of the macadamias 7,000 produced in Australia are processed 7,818 7,288 6,000 7,216 7,021

to be sold as kernels (shelled 6,774

5,000 6,232 6,120 macadamias), with an average 6,093 international/domestic sales ratio 4,000 5,074 4,904 currently around 70/30. 3,000 Australia accounts for about 2,000 20% of the world macadamia kernel international shipments. During the 1,000 3,231 2,960 2,871 3,328 3,157 3,255 3,374 3,204 3,999 3,448 last decade, annual exports have 0 amounted to 6,500 MT on average, reaching the last decade record of 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 over 7,800 MT in 2019 (Figure 3). Domestic International According to the last 5-year average (2015-2019), about 10,400 MT of macadamia kernels are sold annually, from which, 33% accounts Figure 4: Australian Kernel Sales, Top Destinations (metric tons, average for domestic sales (Figure 4) and the 2015-2019) remaining 67% are exported. Around Source: Australian Macadamia Handlers Association. 61% of Australian kernel exports are bound to Eastern Asia, being Japan (27%), China (15%) and South Korea EU (9%) the main destinations. Europe 1,520 MT imports add up to the following 22%, China from which, Germany, as the leading 1,005 MT importing country, concentrates half of the volume. With 17% of the USA share, USA is another of the Australian 1,145 MT Japan macadamia top importers (Figure 4). Germany 1,883 MT When analyzing the international 744 MT South Korea kernel shipments in terms of average 618 MT annual growth over the last five years, Domestic the biggest increments in imports 3,456 MT were observed for Japan, South Korea, China and the USA (Table 2). Europe, as a mature market, presents a more stable volume of imports.

Table 2. Australian Macadamia Kernel Sales, Annual Growth In spite of being a well-established market, imports (average 2015-2019) to Japan have shown a sustained growing trajectory Annual growth Annual growth throughout the last decade, ranging from over 1,100 MT Country (MT) (%) in 2010 to the 2,300 MT record of 2019. In this origin, Japan 160 77% macadamias are traditionally used as an ingredient in South Korea 93 44% chocolate confectionary, although the snacking and China 51 24% bakery category have expanded in recent years6. USA 18 9% As for the in-shell market, China and Hong Kong are Source: Estimated by INC based on Australian Macadamia Handlers Association data. the top importers for Australian macadamias (Figure 5). In China, in-shell usage predominates over kernels. As per the AMS data, currently, although the kernel segment is expected to be strongly developed in the coming years, 95% of macadamia usage accounts for in-shell, while 6. Australian Macadamias Yearbook (2019). only 5% is used as kernels.

40 July 2020 | NUTFRUIT Figure 5. In-shell Imports from Australia –China Mainland and Hong Kong SAR (metric tons)

Source: Australian Macadamia Society.

14,000

12,000 Free Trade Agreements: Macadamia as well as other goods 10,000 and services trade has been 8,000 enhanced by several Free Trade 6,000 Agreements (FTA) that entered into force during the last decade. 4,000 FTA can improve market access 2,000 across all areas of trade –goods, 8,006 6,675 5,504 5,390 10,033 10,429 9,837 12,693 9,872 10,850 0 services and investment– and help to maintain and stimulate the 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 competitiveness of Australian firms (Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Australian Government).

Free Trade Agreements in Force between Australia and Third Countries or Regions

Australia- Chile Korea-Australia China-Australia Perú-Australia (ACI-FTA) (KAFTA) (CHAFTA) (PAFTA) Tariff fom 6% to Tariff fom 30% to Tariff fom 24% to Tariff fom 9% to 0% since 03/09 0% since 01/18 0% since 01/19 0% since 02/20

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

ASEAN-Australia-New Zealand (AANZFTA) Japa-Australia Comprehensive and Progressive In Vietman, tariff fom 25% to 0% since 01/20 (JAEPA) Agreement fot Trans-Pacific Partnership In Laos, tariff fom 25% to 5% since 01/20 (0% in 01/24) Tariff fom 5% to 0% since (CPTPP) In Cambodia, tariff fom 7% to 5% since 12/18 (0% in 01/21) 01/15 In Mexico, tariff fom 20% to 0% since 12/18 In Indonesia, 0% tariff since 01/12 In Myanmar, tariff fom 15% to 5% since 01/17 (0% in 01/21)

Consumption Globally, macadamia kernels are mainly consumed as is still used in confectionary. Another main difference between a snack (60%), followed by its use as an ingredient (30%) Australia and the rest of the world are the pack sizes: in Australia in confectionary, bakery, etc.7 From producing origins, there is a big range of macadamias packages, up to 500 g, Australia along with the US, China and Brazil are among the whereas throughout Asia and Europe they are much smaller (125 top consumers. Germany, Japan and South Korea rank first g, 40 g or 8 g). Furthermore, in Japan for example, macadamias as non-producing consuming countries. are sold as part of nut mixes, whereas in Australia it is possible to Australia is the most established market for buy macadamias separately. Besides, macadamias are sold locally macadamia and it remains as the top raw macadamia with the fresh produce, side by side with fruits and vegetables kernel consumer per capita. It shows the highest annual in the supermarkets and this has increased the domestic per capita consumption in the world –160 g per capita consumption drastically8. (2019)– ahead of the US –40 g per capita– and every Australia, Keys to the highest domestic consumption of other market, meaning that Australians eat on average macadamias in the world: 4 times as many macadamias as the next top consuming • High availability in the markets. country, the US. That is principally because macadamias • Individual and big packages. in Australia are mainly a snack product, while in other • Sold side by side with fresh produce. mature markets, such as Japan, the bulk of macadamias • Mainly consumed as a snack.

7. Australian Macadamias Yearbook (2019). 8. In Australian Macadamia Society, personal communication (May 25, 2019, Boca Raton, Miami, USA).

July 2020 | NUTFRUIT 41 Country/Product Spotlight

The Australian Macadamia Industry’s Unique Contribution to Conservation

DENISE BOND With large ongoing plantings of macadamias globally, EXECUTIVE OFFICER OF THE it is important to remember that every tree had its MACADAMIA CONSERVATION TRUST origin in the Australian rainforest. Australia has a unique responsibility to both the global macadamia Denise Bond is an Environmental Scientist with a passion for trees and the synergy industry and consumers as holder of the wild of people with trees and forests. She macadamia gene bank. The Australian Macadamia has worked to protect forests through Society (AMS), whose 700 members produce over 85% inclusion on the World Heritage List, with villagers in Nepal and Uganda to manage of Australia’s macadamia harvest, plays a pivotal role communal forests and with farmers in in addressing this responsibility. Australia to integrate trees into farming systems. The AMS gathered a coalition of organisations and individuals with an interest in conserving wild macadamias to establish an independent Macadamia Conservation Trust, an environmental organisation dedicated to the support and conservation of Australian wild macadamia trees in their native habitat and in all other ways. Coordinated by the Trust, industry members go above and Wild Macadamia tetraphylla grows along a rainforest stream in the Tweed Valley. beyond the production of macadamias to find innovative ways to contribute significant resources to macadamia This is wild macadamia habitat –idyllic conservation. sub-tropical rainforest along a short (350 km) stretch of Australia’s east Investing in the Future coast within 50 km of the Pacific Ocean, Wild macadamias are a largely un- seldom far from a fresh-water stream. tapped genetic resource for the The area is prime real estate so the development of productive, resilient majority of accessible land has been trees and delicious, nutritious nuts –so cleared for farming and housing over the protecting wild macadamia habitat last 180 years. As a result, 80% of wild is an investment in the future of macadamia habitat has been lost. the macadamia industry. Because Although many Australians still macadamias are one of the few new think macadamias come from Hawaii, food crops in our domestication history, the Australian macadamia industry is every commercial variety today is no well aware that macadamias are native more than two generations distant from to Australia and of the importance of its wild ancestors. The rainforest home preserving the macadamia gene bank. of wild macadamias is also intrinsically The AMS includes a conservation valuable for its species richness and objective in its constitution: capacity to sequester carbon and to promote and facilitate the conservation protect water-catchments. of the wild species of Macadamia.

42 July 2020 | NUTFRUIT

Country/Product Spotlight

and has led the field in macadamia conservation over the last two decades. Ground-breaking initiatives supported by the AMS include commissioning the first Macadamia Species Recovery Plan and employing conservation project officers to implement the plan. Threatened Species Recovery Plans detail the actions needed for the conservation of threatened native species in Australia. Plans are developed by interested parties and published by the Australian Government in partnership with the relevant State Environment Department. The AMS is the only horticultural industry body to have developed a Ian McConachie, championing Threatened Species Recovery Plan. the cause of wild macadamias In 2006, to raise funds for conservation activities, the AMS and the industry they sustain. created a not-for-profit Trust Fund (www.wildmacadamias. org.au) authorised to collect tax-deductible donations and collaborate with other partners on conservation projects.

Addressing the Threats Threats to wild macadamias are immediate and on-going. The rare Macadamia jansenii made international headlines recently after 50 of the 200 existing trees were burnt in the 2019 wildfires. Too many wild trees now survive in small Freshly collected MCT1 remnant patches, vulnerable to weed invasion and wildfire. Trees retained for a hundred years on farmland as a source Other industry members provide valuable regular of nuts, can disappear overnight to make way for a housing sponsorship and, through a partnership between growers and development. Any one of these trees might contain genes processors, growers are able to donate income from nut-in- that could rescue or revolutionise the industry, and it is this shell sales directly to the Trust. A list of supporters can be potential that the AMS wants to protect. found on the Trust’s website (www.wildmacadamias.org.au). The latest initiative to finance macadamia conservation Going Above and Beyond is from one of the industry’s most passionate champions, An exciting industry partnership involves the donation of Ian McConachie who was awarded a Lifetime Achievement long-term hosting and management of two wild macadamia Award at the 2018 International Macadamia Symposium (not arboreta. These will house the largest collection of wild to mention a Golden Nut Award from the INC in 1994). Ian has macadamia genetic diversity, in trees that will be able to developed one of the most promising commercial varieties supply cuttings for restoration of natural habitat as well as of macadamia ever to be released, projected to increase samples for genetic research. kernel yields by up to 50%. In an action characteristic of their generosity and devotion to the macadamia industry and the species on which it depends, Ian and his wife Jan made a momentous decision to gift Plant Breeder Rights for the new variety to the Macadamia Conservation Trust. Royalties from sales of the new variety, named MCT1 after the Trust, will provide a base of funding to employ conservation specialists, finance recovery actions and leverage additional funds to undertake larger projects such as establishing the wild macadamia arboreta, researching the geographic distribution of genetic diversity and increasing public knowledge New variety MCT1 at 4 years and appreciation of macadamias. Anyone interested in contributing to these major initiatives should please contact me directly ([email protected]).

Conservation Is Part of the Sustainability Story Conservation of Australia’s wild macadamias is part of the Australian macadamia industry’s commitment to sustainability: understanding how macadamias evolved and adapted to their natural habitat helps inform the development of increasingly sustainable farming practices that work with MCT1 with uniformly thin husk and shell resulting in high kernel recovery nature rather than against it.

44 July 2020 | NUTFRUIT Macadamias and Health

Macadamia nuts are valued for their subtle, buttery flavor, velvety-soft crunch texture and their oil profile, high in monounsaturated fats. Due to their versatility, macadamias are used as snacks or as an ingredient in bakery and confectionery products.

Nutrition Research World-First Scientific Nowadays, consumers are more interested in their health and wellbeing. Therefore, Research Project for nuts have become one of the most relevant foods for today’s consumer thanks the Global Macadamia to their nutrient profile. Macadamias, in special, are high in monounsaturated fat, Industry fiber, magnesium, copper, manganese and thiamin, and are a source of vitamin B6, In 2017, the INC launched the niacin and minerals such as iron, phosphorus, potassium and selenium1,2. In addition, Macadamia Health Research Grant on there is a body of scientific evidence that supports the following health benefits for behalf of the macadamia industry. It is macadamia nuts. the first of its kind in the macadamia industry, and the first time that multiple Heart Health origins have contributed to such a Macadamias are a natural source of omega-7 fatty acids, aka palmitoleic acid. Thanks project. It is considered critical to the to their content in monounsaturated fats (oleic and palmitoleic acids), macadamias industry’s ability to continue to market may help to modify favorably the biomarkers of oxidative stress, thrombosis and macadamias as a premium product. inflammation, risk factors for coronary artery disease3. Key macadamia-producing In addition, macadamia nut consumption may lower plasma total and LDL countries Australia, South Africa, cholesterol levels in hypercholesterolemic men 4,5. In 2015, a systematic review Kenya, Brazil and Malawi have made a and meta-analysis around tree nuts and heart health showed that eating tree nuts, substantial financial investment into including macadamias, every day lowers total cholesterol, LDL “bad” cholesterol and the research, and the project has been triglycerides6. supported by the International Nut & Tree nut consumption, including macadamias, was also associated with lower Dried Fruit Council (INC) and INC World body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, insulin Forum. resistance, and HDL “good” cholesterol, compared with no consumption7. The global macadamia health research project will be a large scale, Macadamias may help lower bad cholesterol long term randomized cross-over which could help your heart health. intervention study directed by acclaimed researcher Professor Joan Sabaté from Loma Linda University Antioxidant Activity Medical Centre (USA). The study will Scientific studies have identified flavonoids in macadamias. Flavonoids are a compare the effect of a diet enriched group of natural substances found in plants with anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory in macadamias versus a control diet on properties8. Flavonoids have been detected in all tree nuts, and pecans, macadamias, insulin resistance and insulin secretion almonds and pistachios have the highest concentrations9. in individuals with insulin resistance. It will assess the effect of macadamia Skin Benefits nut consumption on lipid profile (total Skin health has lately been linked with macadamias, specifically, with macadamia oil, cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL which is used in many cosmetic formulations. cholesterol and triglycerides) and other Emerging evidence indicates that macadamia oil may be associated with skin emergent risk factors of cardiovascular health, especially anti-aging effects, by improving the appearance of water content, disease as well as on central obesity and pore size, melanin and wrinkles10. body composition.

July 2020 | NUTFRUIT 45 Country/Product Spotlight

Macadamias

1. Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 December 2006 on nutrition and health claims made on foods. 2. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. FoodData Central, 2019. fdc.nal. usda.gov. 3. Garg, M. L., Blake, R. J., Wills, R. B., & Clayton, E. H. (2007). Macadamia nut consumption modulates favourably risk factors for coronary artery disease in hypercholesterolemic subjects. Lipids, 42(6), 583-587. 4. Garg, M. L., Blake, R. J., & Wills, R. B. (2003). Macadamia nut consumption lowers plasma total and LDL cholesterol levels in hypercholesterolemic men. The Journal of nutrition, 133(4), 1060–1063. https://doi.org/10.1093/ jn/133.4.1060. 5. Griel, A. E., Cao, Y., Bagshaw, D. D., Cifelli, A. M., Holub, B., & Kris-Etherton, P. M. (2008). A macadamia nut-rich diet reduces total KEY FACTS and LDL-cholesterol in mildly hypercholesterolemic men and women. The Journal of nutrition, 138(4), CHOLESTEROL 761-767. 6. Del Gobbo, L. C., Falk, M. C., Feldman, R., Lewis, K., & Mozaffarian, D. (2015). Effects of Macadamias are a natural source of omega-7 (monounsaturated tree nuts on blood lipids, apolipoproteins, and fat), also known as "healthy fat", which may help you reduce LDL blood pressure: systematic review, meta-analysis, “bad” cholesterol. and dose-response of 61 controlled intervention trials. The American journal of clinical nutrition, 102(6), 1347–1356. https://doi.org/10.3945/ SKIN SUPPORT ajcn.115.110965 7. O'Neil, C. E., Fulgoni, V. L., 3rd, Emerging evidence indicates that macadamia oil may be associated & Nicklas, T. A. (2015). Tree Nut consumption is with skin health, especially anti-aging effects. associated with better adiposity measures and cardiovascular and metabolic syndrome health risk factors in U.S. Adults: NHANES 2005-2010. Nutrition journal, 14, 64. 8. Panche, A. N., Diwan, A. HIGH IN: Macadamias are high in monounsaturated fat, fiber, vitamin B1, magnesium, D., & Chandra, S. R. (2016). Flavonoids: an overview. manganese and copper. Journal of nutritional science, 5, e47. 9. Bolling BW, Chen C-YO, McKay DL, Blumberg JB. Tree nut SOURCE OF: Macadamias are a source of vitamin B3, vitamin B6, potassium, iron, phytochemicals: composition, antioxidant capacity, phosphorus and selenium. bioactivity, impact factors. A systematic review of almonds, Brazils, cashews, hazelnuts, macadamias, HIGH RISK COMPONENTS pecans, pine nuts, pistachios and walnuts. Nutr Res Rev. 2011;24(2):244-275. 10. Hanum, T. I., Laila, CHOLESTEROL: 0 mg SODIUM: 1 mg L., Sumaiyah, S., & Syahrina, E. (2019). Macadamia Nuts Oil in Nanocream and Conventional Cream as Skin Anti-Aging: A Comparative Study. Open access 0% DV 0.04% DV Macedonian journal of medical sciences, 7(22), 3917– 3920. https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2019.533 DV: Daily Value (based on a 2,000 calorie diet).

Tomato Toast with Macadamia Spread

Ingredients • Whole-wheat bread • 2 cups raw macadamia nuts • 1 tsp. salt • Juice from 1/2 medium lemon • 1/2 cup water • 1 tomato • ½ tsp. oregano • 1 tsp. olive oil

Preparation In a food processor, purée the macadamias, salt, lemon juice and water together until smooth. Toast the bread slices and spread them with the macadamia spread, which has a similar texture to ricotta. Cut the tomato into slices and put them on top. Add a little oregano and olive oil and enjoy!

46 July 2020 | NUTFRUIT New Product Launches

Macadamias are seen as a versatile nut. They are used in a wide variety of products and are becoming more and more popular among dairy alternatives and spreads. In addition to these alternative uses, macadamias are still found in a wide range of snacking options. With the rising trend of plant-based protein and more health-conscious consumers, they are also being used in innovative products to promote health. Macadamias give a buttery and creamy flavor to any product that they are added to. Companies from all around the world continue to invest in new product development and innovation for macadamias.

Hawaiian Nature’s Garden Kikkoman Tounyu Straw Propeller Macadamia Caramel Keto Snack Mix Soy Macadamia Organic Macadamia Popcorn: (USA): Drink (Japan): Coconut Grainless This air-popped deluxe Specially designed for Fitjars is “an innovative Cereal (USA) macadamia nut infused people following the food and health start- It’s cereal, but not as you popcorn is created by keto diet, this snack up” from India with an know it. With not a grain simmering bourbon vanilla, mix combines cheddar extensive range of spreads, in sight, this delicious brown sugar and a touch of cheese puffs, almonds, drinks and granola. Their combination of macadamias, fresh butter, then infusing pepitas, pecans and vegan Almond butter coconut and seeds offers the caramel with macadamia macadamia nuts, and with Macadamia Nuts a keto-friendly, paleo- nut spread and folding is part of the Nature’s is made “by roasting friendly, vegan and gluten in popcorn and roasted Garden ‘Snack with a premium quality almond free breakfast that can be macadamias before finishing Purpose’ range. https:// and macadamia nuts – and enjoyed with nut or coconut with a slow bake. naturesgarden.net/ nothing else”. drink. https://popsalot.com/ https://fitjars.com/ https://strawpropeller.com/

July 2020 | NUTFRUIT 47 California Prunes salutes those on the frontlines of Thank you for keeping the food and farming. global food supply in motion.

CaliforniaPrunes.org | @ CAprunes California Prunes salutes those on the frontlines of Thank you for keeping the food and farming. global food supply in motion.

CaliforniaPrunes.org | @ CAprunes Health News

Nut Consumption in the Time of COVID-19

PHD STUDENT INDIRA PAZ GRANIEL and PROF. JORDI SALAS-SALVADÓ Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan de Reus, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, IISPV, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus (Spain). CIBER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid (Spain). Prof. Jordi Salas-Salvadó

Thousands of years ago, activation of it, by nutrients or specific food items (1). It helped Hippocrates said, “Let food be thy to give some clarity regarding diet and nutrient interventions, especially in the clinical field. In an illness situation, our immune medicine and medicine be thy system becomes activated, which often gives place to an food”, today in 2020, we are still a inflammation process, in order to protect us from the invaders long way from knowing how food (virus, bacteria, chemicals, plant-pollen, etc.). During this process, oxidant molecules are also produced. Nutrients with can improve our immune system. antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties may contribute to the body’s antioxidant defenses and thereby limit the ability In the last months, along with the COVID-19 worldwide of oxidants, released during inflammation. Omega-3 fatty acids, epidemic, the interest in strategies to prevent the infection minerals such as selenium and zinc, and vitamins A, B6, B12, C appeared immediately. Consequently, some media sources and D, are all nutrients with some of these properties. published recommendations in various fields, including Therefore, it is recognized that almost all nutrients in the diet, to prevent COVID-19 infection. Although there is not diet play a crucial role in maintaining an “optimal” immune enough scientific evidence that only one food could help avoid response (2,3), some of them at a higher implication level (4). It infections in the respiratory system, neither for COVID-19 is also known that malnutrition is associated with a higher nor other viruses, suggestions on the consumption of specific risk of illness, either a deficient or excessive intake may have foods were made. negative consequences on immune status and susceptibility to Over the last few decades, researchers have explored a variety of pathogens (2). For example, malnourished individuals the possible effects of physical activity, exercise, nutrition, may have an increased risk of infection. However, in relation psychological stress, and age on the immune response. to diet, as far as we know, there are few specific studies that Consequently, multiple possible mechanisms have been have explored the association between a specific food group identified that can mediate the effect between lifestyle and the and the immune system. Also, few clinical trials demonstrate immune response to infection. Diet is one of the determinants beneficial effects of a single food, or a food group, on the risk of the immune response that acts through different of infection or complications after infection and among these mechanisms. studies there are inconsistencies. Therefore, we do not have Some years ago the term "immuno-nutrition" was enough scientific evidence to give clear recommendations at introduced in the scientific and clinical field, as a science population level. whose objective was to study the modulation of either the It has been reported that a Western Diet combined with immune system activity or modulation of the consequences of chronic overnutrition and a sedentary lifestyle may induce

50 July 2020 | NUTFRUIT Health News

a constant inflammation status(5) with harmful effects on the organism. On the contrary, dietary patterns, such as the Mediterranean Diet based on the consumption of high amounts of vegetables, fruits, cereals, legumes, nuts, fish and the use of olive oil, had been negatively correlated with serum markers of inflammation(6) . This leads us to hypothesize, that diets may provide resources of biologically active substances with local and systemic effects on immune function. Nuts, which are included in most of the healthy dietary patterns, are characterized by their high energy density as a result of their high lipid content (especially from unsaturated fatty acids). They also contain plant-protein and significant amounts of polyphenols, phytosterols, vegetable fiber, and micronutrients (folates, vitamin E, selenium, magnesium, among other minerals and vitamins)(7) that may interact synergically to benefit our health. Almonds, walnuts, hazelnuts, cashews, pistachios, peanuts, Brazil nuts, macadamias, pine nuts and pecans, contain all these nutrients, therefore the consumption of this food group might help regulate immunologic and inflammatory responses (8). Indeed, an in-vitro study reported that pistachio polyphenol extracts had an inhibitory effect of HSV-1 (Herpes simplex virus type 1) through the modulation of the expression of some of its proteins (9). Unfortunately, no human studies have been conducted investigating the possible effects of nut consumption against viral or bacterial infection, nor on the potential

complications of these infections.

Due to a lack of scientific

evidence, we cannot recommend“ References 1. Grimble RF. Basics in clinical nutrition: nuts to prevent COVID-19 infection Immunonutrition – Nutrients which influence immunity: Effect and mechanism of action. E Spen Eur as has been stated in some media E J Clin Nutr Metab [Internet]. 2009 Feb;4(1):e10–3. 2. Field CJ, Johnson IR, Schley PD. Nutrients and their role in host resistance to infection. J Leukoc in the last months. However, nut Biol [Internet]. 2002 Jan;71(1):16–32. 3. Gombart AF, Pierre A, Maggini S. A Review of Micronutrients and consumption has especially been the Immune System–Working in Harmony to Reduce “ the Risk of Infection. Nutrients [Internet]. 2020 Jan shown to have beneficial effects on 16;12(1):236. 4. Consolidated text: Commission Regulation (EU) No 432/2012 of 16 May 2012 the cardiovascular system. establishing a list of permitted health claims made on foods, other than those referring to the reduction of disease risk and to children’s development and health. Off J Eur Union. 2017. 5. Christ A, Lauterbach M, Latz E. Western Diet and the Immune System: An Inflammatory Connection.Immunity [Internet]. 2019 In large epidemiologic studies, the frequency of nut consumption was Nov;51(5):794–811. 6. Casas R, Sacanella E, Urpí- consistently related to lower rates of coronary heart disease, cardiovascular Sardà M, Corella D, Castañer O, Lamuela-Raventos R-M, et al. Long-Term Immunomodulatory Effects disease (CVD) and mortality, but also total death (10). Additionally, in some studies of a Mediterranean Diet in Adults at High Risk of the frequency of nut consumption has also been inversely related to sudden death, Cardiovascular Disease in the PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea (PREDIMED) Randomized Controlled peripheral artery disease and arrhythmia. Nuts have also demonstrated potential Trial. J Nutr [Internet]. 2016 Sep;146(9):1684–93. beneficial effects on the function of vessels, in reducing postprandial glycaemia and 7. Comunitaria GC de la SE de N, Aranceta Bartrina J, Arija Val V, Maíz Aldalur E, Martínez de la Victoria insulin resistance when substituting bad carbohydrates, in reducing the risk of certain Muñoz E, Ortega Anta RM, et al. Dietary guidelines types of cancer, delaying the age-related cognitive decline, decreasing the risk of for the Spanish population (SENC, December 2016); the new graphic icon of healthy nutrition. depression, and improving sperm motility and some parameters of fertility (11). Nutr Hosp [Internet]. 2016;33:1–48. 8. González The exceptional COVID-19 pandemic makes us realize that the field of nutrition CA, Salas-Salvadó J. The potential of nuts in the prevention of cancer. Br J Nutr [Internet]. 2006 Nov and its association with the immune system, especially regarding respiratory 19;96(S2):S87–94. 9. Musarra-Pizzo M, Pennisi R, illnesses, has been barely explored. Previously, in 2015 the European Food Safety Ben-Amor I, Smeriglio A, Mandalari G, Sciortino MT. In Vitro Anti-HSV-1 Activity of Polyphenol-Rich Authority (EFSA) Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies made the claim Extracts and Pure Polyphenol Compounds Derived for health research related to the immune system defense against pathogens in from Pistachios Kernels (Pistacia vera L.). Plants [Internet]. 2020 Feb 18;9(2):267. 10. Estruch R, Ros the respiratory tract (10), but research on the subject has not advanced since then. E, Salas-Salvadó J, Covas M-I, Corella D, Arós F, et Meanwhile, the recommendation to adhere to a healthy lifestyle (characterized al. Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease with a Mediterranean Diet Supplemented with by a healthy dietary pattern such as the Mediterranean Diet including nuts and Extra-Virgin Olive Oil or Nuts. N Engl J Med [Internet]. physical activity practice) seems to be the best option to keep our immune system 2018;378(25):e34. 11. Alasalvar C, Salas-Salvado J, Ros E, Sabate J. Health Benefits of Nuts and Dried functioning well. Fruits. CRC Press; 2020.

July 2020 | NUTFRUIT 51 Health News

New Scientific Studies

This study, published in the Journal of the American Heart Association, evaluated the association between changes in consumption of total and specific types of nuts and the subsequent risk of incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) in US men and women. New Harvard Research The study included a total of 192,655 participants from Supports the Role of three different cohorts. Researchers assessed nut consumption every 4 years using validated food frequency questionnaires. Nut Consumption in A 0.5 serving/day increase in total nut consumption was associated with lower risk of CVD, coronary heart disease, Cardiovascular Health and stroke. Compared with individuals who remained non-consumers in a 4-year interval, those who had higher Liu, X., Guasch-Ferré, M., Drouin-Chartier, J. P., Tobias, D. consumption of total nuts (≥0.5 servings/day) had a lower risk of K., Bhupathiraju, S. N., Rexrode, K. M., Willett, W. C., Sun, CVD, coronary heart disease, and stroke in the next 4 years. Q., & Li, Y. (2020). In conclusion, increasing total consumption of nuts and Changes in Nut Consumption and Subsequent intake of individual types of nuts (e.g. walnuts, other tree nuts Cardiovascular Disease Risk Among US Men and Women: and peanuts) was associated with a lower risk of CVD. This 3 Large Prospective Cohort Studies. analysis provides further evidence that incorporating nuts into Journal of the American Heart Association, 9(7), e013877. diet is beneficial for CVD risk, even among those who previously did not consume nuts. These data also support the role of nut intake in the primary prevention of CVD.

This study was recently published in The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. Researchers from King’s College London (UK) aimed to investigate whether a snack substitution (with the same calories) of whole almonds, had any impact on Snacking on Almonds markers of cardiometabolic health in adults aged 30-70. The study was a randomized, parallel-arm design with May Help Improve 2 intervention groups, almonds and control. Participants consumed control snacks (savory mini-muffins) providing 20% Endothelial Function and of their estimated energy requirement or almond snacks (also providing 20% of daily estimated energy requirements) which Lower Bad Cholesterol were weighed and packed in a daily portion for each subject. Endothelial function, liver fat, and secondary outcomes Dikariyanto, V., Smith, L., Francis, L., Robertson, M., Kusaslan, as markers of cardiometabolic disease risk were assessed at E., O'Callaghan-Latham, M., Palanche, C., D'Annibale, M., Christodoulou, D., Basty, N., Whitcher, B., Shuaib, H., Charles- the beginning of the study and at the end. Results observed Edwards, G., Chowienczyk, P. J., Ellis, P. R., Berry, S., & Hall, W. that almonds, compared with the control group, increased L. (2020). endothelium dependent vasodilation and decreased plasma Snacking on whole almonds for 6 weeks improves endothelial LDL “bad” cholesterol concentrations. function and lowers LDL cholesterol but does not affect liver So, the study concluded that whole almonds consumed fat and other cardiometabolic risk factors in healthy adults: as snacks could markedly improve endothelial function, in the ATTIS study, a randomized controlled trial. addition to lowering bad cholesterol, in adults with risk of The American journal of clinical nutrition, 111(6), 1178-1189. cardiovascular disease. This study was funded by the Almond Board of California.

52 July 2020 | NUTFRUIT Health News

A higher nut consumption, more than 120 g per week (4 servings), was associated with lower mortality risk. This was the result of a study that was recently published in The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. The objective of the study was to evaluate the Nut Intake Is association of nuts with mortality and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Researchers from the McMaster University Associated with Lower (Canada) followed 124,329 participants from the Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study for Mortality Risk a median of 9.5 years. Participants, aged 35-70 years-old, de Souza, R. J., Dehghan, M., Mente, A., Bangdiwala, S. I., Ahmed, were from 16 low-, middle-, and high-income countries on S. H., Alhabib, K. F., Altuntas, Y., Basiak-Rasała, A., Dagenais, G. R., 5 continents. Their habitual food and nut intake (tree nuts Diaz, R., Amma, L. I., Kelishadi, R., Khatib, R., Lear, S. A., Lopez- and ground nuts) was measured at the baseline visit, using Jaramillo, P., Mohan, V., Poirier, P., Rangarajan, S., Rosengren, A., country-specific validated food frequency questionnaires. Ismail, R., … PURE study investigators (2020). Results showed that a higher nut intake (>120 g per Association of nut intake with risk factors, cardiovascular week compared with <30 g per month) was associated with disease, and mortality in 16 countries from 5 continents: lower mortality risk from both cardiovascular and non- analysis from the Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiology cardiovascular causes in low-, middle-, and high-income (PURE) study. countries. These findings support recommendations to The American journal of clinical nutrition, nqaa108. Advance increase the intake of a variety of nuts, as part of a healthy online publication. dietary pattern, to reduce the risk of death.

Pistachio Extracts May Nut Consumption and Help Treat Herpes Risk of Cancer

Simplex Virus Type 1 Long, J., Ji, Z., Yuan, P., Long, T., Liu, K., Li, J., & Cheng, L. (2020). Musarra-Pizzo, M., Pennisi, R., Ben-Amor, I., Smeriglio, A., Nut Consumption and Risk of Cancer: A Meta-analysis of Mandalari, G., & Sciortino, M. T. (2020). Prospective Studies. In Vitro Anti-HSV-1 Activity of Polyphenol-Rich Extracts Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention: a publication of and Pure Polyphenol Compounds Derived from Pistachios the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by Kernels (Pistacia vera L.). the American Society of Preventive Oncology, 10.1158/1055- Plants (Basel, Switzerland), 9(2), 267. 9965.EPI-19-1167. Advance online publication.

A recent study, published in the journal Plants, examined Researchers from the University of Science and Technology the activity of polyphenol-rich extracts of natural shelled of Wuhan, China, conducted this meta-analysis, published pistachios kernels on herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) in the journal Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention, replication. in which they evaluated the relationship between nut In addition, researchers assessed the anti-herpetic effect consumption and risk of cancer. of a mix of the most abundant pure polyphenol compounds A total of 33 studies –which included more than present in pistachios. 50,000 cancer cases– were eligible for the analysis. When Different laboratory techniques were used to measure comparing the highest with the lowest category of nut the cytotoxicity activity, antiviral activity, and cell viability. The intake, higher consumption of nuts was significantly results indicate that polyphenols from pistachios are effective associated with a decreased risk of overall cancer. The against herpes simplex virus type 1. This study concluded protective effect of nut consumption was especially that the antiviral effects of pistachio extracts are the result apparent against cancers of the digestive system. of a balance of the individual polyphenolic components Researchers also observed a linear dose-response (antioxidants) that in combination exert the anti-viral activity. relationship between nut consumption and cancer: A 20 This research was funded by the American Pistachio g/day increase in nut consumption was related to a 10% Growers and by a grant from the University of Messina, Italy. decrease in cancer risk.

July 2020 | NUTFRUIT 53 A Chat with the Industry

MALTE DAMMANN Chief Demand Officer, Ritter Sport, Germany

Ritter Sport is a family-owned German chocolate and confectionary company that can trace their roots back to 1912. Today with 1600 employees and distribution in over 100 countries, Ritter Sport has grown to be an international chocolate company. Ritter Sport’s products use a wide range of nuts and dried fruit and they consistently offer consumers high-quality products. Malte Dammann is the Chief Demand Officer for Ritter Sport and has overseen the marketing and sales teams since January 2019. Although he has only recently joined the Ritter Sport team, Malte has over 20 years of experience in the beverage and food industry!

54 July 2020 | NUTFRUIT A Chat with the Industry

Recently, you gave a speech on the importance of brand trust; how important is brand trust right now, especially considering the global and economic crisis caused by COVID-19? I am convinced a trusted brand becomes in these days an even more important role in people’s lives. In times of instability when it seems everything you do or what you have learned requires revision, a trusted and consistent brand becomes an anchor.

With the ever-evolving food industry and topics like sustainability becoming more and more relevant, what has Ritter Sport done to ensure they maintain brand trust? The most important feature for chocolate is taste. For this good taste, you need best quality in raw materials and on online “Sprints” to exploit the growing trend of in-home this high quality, we have always put an intense focus on. sharing and e-gaming. These products are now part of our We are sourcing already since 2018 only 100% certified innovation pipeline. sustainable cocoa. Besides the high quality raw materials, we are simplifying our chocolate recipes now over years with Ritter Sport uses a wide variety of nuts and dried the goal to use only what’s mandatory to make simply good fruits in their products; do you personally see any chocolate. The best example is our Cocoa class range, where changes in the demand or supply of nuts and dried you only find 3 or maximum 4 ingredients: cocoa mass, coco fruits in the confectionary industry as the global butter, sugar and also milk. This continuous effort in product, economy recovers? innovation and brand is what our customers appreciate and As so many people had to stay at home, we all saw an increase why they trust us. in the awareness of food, preparing meals and in enjoyment. I guess food quality and nutrition will get an even more With certainty, regarding COVID-19, there will important role in the future. Nuts and dried fruits will most be changes to the way people do business in likely play a role in this movement and might as well increase the food industry. From your perspective, what the demand for them. I am glad we have long-term supplier trends can you see taking shape around the partnerships and we can offer our customers already today a world in the food industry and the confectionary wide range of those products. industry? Besides food trends on a higher awareness of food quality How can nuts and dried fruits enhance a chocolate and nutrition I assume, the shopping behavior of all of us product, and why are they so commonly used will change. We all have seen that delivery services just together? exploded as well as online shopping even for food. This is a We have always been focusing in our chocolate bars in using huge challenge for confectionary and impulse products, as clear ingredients, meaning whole nuts rather than crunched, you might not have those on your shopping list. Here comes whole raisins, fine marzipan rather than a marzipan crème. the trusted and well-known brand into the game again, one These days consumers like to see what they get. They look for with a consistent message and a trusted and believed story clear and clean products, and a consistent and reliable story behind. We are working on new distribution channels and that’s going with it, both of them we can offer. Nevertheless, also intensifying our brand communication towards more we are always innovating new sorts, sizes and tastes. Nuts background on who we are, what drives us and what we do. and dried fruits just perfectly fit with chocolate and offer the We want everybody to know, that we are a family owned, chocolate connoisseurs over and over again new sensory sustainable chocolate brand made by chocolate enthusiasts. adventures.

What are some of the challenges and opportunities Lastly, where do you see Ritter Sport in 10 years caused by the COVID-19 pandemic? from now? Our key customers struggled for a short period with their At Ritter Sport we are focusing on “Doing the right thing to internal supply chain, which caused some out of stock create really good chocolate”. Simple as this sentence, I see situation in some stores. Focusing on our partnership the Brand in 10 years from now as the favorite Chocolate customers, we managed to solve these disruptions and Brand of existing and new consumers with the right balance improved our standing as a reliable supplier during the crisis. of Colorful joy and Goodness and a role model for “Doing the We used the COVID 19 period to create new products via right thing”.

July 2020 | NUTFRUIT 55 INC Congress

Join the Nut and Dried Fruit Industry’s Top Professionals in Exploring New Trends, Discovering New Markets and Networking

56 July 2020 | NUTFRUIT INC Congress

Dear INC friends,

We extend our best wishes to everyone during this difficult time and our compassion and thoughts are with all those affected by the COVID-19 pandemic.

After carefully monitoring the evolving COVID-19 situation for many weeks, the INC would like to announce that we’ve made the difficult and considered decision to postpone the INC Congress 2020 to May 27-29, 2021 at the same facility, the luxurious Madinat Jumeirah Resort.

The circumstances of the world and COVID-19 remain such that the ramifications are difficult to predict.

Most important in any planning is the estimation of timing. We do not know when the situation will return to some sense of “normal”, and what that “normal” might look like. In the situation caused by COVID-19 “timing” is one element that we are unable to ascertain. We do know that this scourge will continue to disrupt into the second half of this year, hence this latest change.

The INC Congress is the sector’s not-to-be-missed event and 2021 will again promise to be the best place for companies to network and gain insights into the latest industry developments. We really feel that the meeting next May 2021 will be the perfect chance for the industry to come together once again to do business in this exclusive environment that only the INC congress can bring and we hope you can be a part of it.

Thank you for your continued support and above all we are sorry that we will not be together this year.

Wishing you all good health.

Yours sincerely,

The Organizing Committee

Mr. Michael Waring, INC Chairman Mr. Ashok Krishen, INC Congress Chairman Mr. Gaurav Grover, INC Congress Vice Chairman Mrs. Goretti Guasch, INC Executive Director

July 2020 | NUTFRUIT 57 INC Congress

The Top Gathering of Professionals in the Nut and Dried Fruit Industry From May 27-29 2021, Madinat Jumeirah Resort in Dubai will play host to the entire industry and provide attendees the chance to immerse themselves into the center of nuts and dried fruits through round tables, seminars and keynote speakers. All sessions and some of the social events will take place at the Madinat Jumeirah Resort.

PRELIMINARY PROGRAM Tuesday 25

GOLF TOURNAMENT Sponsored by California Walnut Commission

Thursday 27 Friday 28 Saturday 29 ALL-DAY COFFEE ALL-DAY COFFEE ALL-DAY COFFEE Sponsored by Sponsored by Sponsored by AHT Besana Group Maestro Nut

EXHIBITION AREA

8:30 am - 9:15 am 8:30 am - 9:30 am 8:30 am - 9:30 am CONGRESS OPENING & ANNUAL REPORT WALNUTS Round Table HAZELNUTS Round Table

9:30 am - 10:15 am 9:15 am - 10:00 am 9:30 am - 10:45 am KEYNOTE SPEAKER KEYNOTE SPEAKER PAST, PRESENT, AND FUTURE Saket Modi, Co-founder and CEO o Lucideus OF THE INDUSTRY Hacking Digital Transformation 10:00 am - 11:00 am Round Table 10:15 am - 11:00 am ALMONDS Round Table MACADAMIAS Round Table

11:00 am - 11:45 am SCIENTIFIC SEMINAR 10:45 am - 11:45 am 11:00 am - 12:00 pm Chaired by Pino Calcagni, INC Sustainability, PISTACHIOS Round Table CASHEWS Round Table Scientific and Government Affairs Committee

11:45 am - 12:30 pm 11:45 am - 12:45 pm NUTRITION SEMINAR 12:00 pm - 12:30 pm DRIED APRICOTS, FIGS & DATES Round Table Chaired by Prof. Jordi Salas-Salvadó, INC World PECANS Round Table Forum for Nutrition Research and Dissemination

12:45 pm - 1:15 pm 12:30 pm - 1:30 pm PEANUTS Round Table 12:30 pm - 1:00 pm DRIED CRANBERRIES, RAISINS, SULTANAS, PINE NUTS Round Table 1:15 pm - 1:45 pm CURRANTS & PRUNES Round Table BRAZIL NUTS Round Table

1:00 pm - 2:30 pm 1:00 pm - 2:30 pm 1:00 pm - 2:30 pm BUFFET WORKING LUNCH BUFFET WORKING LUNCH BUFFET WORKING LUNCH Sponsored by Sponsored by Sponsored by Commodity King Traders Setton Pistachio of Terra Bella, Inc Blue Diamond Growers

2:30 pm - 4:00 pm GLOBAL INTER-BOARD COOPERATION SUMMIT Chaired by Antonio Pont, INC Honorary President and Executive Committee Member and Goretti Guasch, INC Executive Director

MEETING AREA Sponsored by Jameel International Foodstuff Trading LLC

6:00 pm - 8:00 pm 3:30 pm - 5:30 pm 6:30 pm - 7:00 pm WELCOME COCKTAIL DUNE BASHING EXPERIENCE GALA COCKTAIL Jumeirah Mina A’Salam Hotel Dubai Desert 5:30 pm - 10:00 pm 7:00 pm - 11:00 pm BUFFET CASUAL DINNER GALA DINNER & BALL Sponsored by Madinat Jumeirah Conference Center Wonderful Pistachios & Almonds Sponsored by Chilenut

58 July 2020 | NUTFRUIT INC Congress

Sponsors

Strengthen your brand, expand your reputation and take advantage of an environment fully oriented to the nut and dried fruit business. Take a sponsorship opportunity and ensure your brand is seen by 1,000+ world-class industry leaders and professionals.

We thank our sponsors and exhibitors for their ongoing support. www.nutfruitcongress.org

July 2020 | NUTFRUIT 59 INC News

INC Webinar Series

From June 1 – June 12, 2020, the INC hosted the first ever INC Webinar Series and successfully gathered over 1500 industry professionals from 75 different countries. The webinars, which were led by industry experts, highlighted how the nut and dried fruit industry was affected by COVID-19 and provided participants with an industry outlook for the short- and long-term as the world begins to deescalate confinement measures and return to a state of normalcy. Recordings of all webinars are in INC TV Channel section, located in the member’s area of the INC website.

The Almonds Webinar was led by Brian Ezell from Wonderful David Rosenblatt from the Richard Franco Agency was Pistachios & Almonds. Accompanying Mr. Ezell was Craig selected to chair the Brazil nuts webinar and alongside him, Duerr, Warren Cohen, Antonio Pont Jr., and Paul Thompson. Tony Nguyen, Edward Danon, Enrique Nelkenbaum, and As the first webinar of the series, it set the tone and success José Belicha took part as panelists. One of the main topics for all that followed. During the discussion, the panelists explored in this webinar was the environmental and social highlighted the exceptional weather that has led to one importance of Brazil nuts. The panelists highlighted how the of the largest harvests for almonds in recent memory purchase of this product is one of the first steps in conserving and as most of the webinars, they analyzed the impact of and helping the Amazon rainforest. COVID-19. Notably, despite the uncertainty caused by the pandemic, demand proved to be resilient and California almonds saw record shipments.

60 July 2020 | NUTFRUIT INC News

The chairperson for cashews was Hari Nair from Western The hazelnut webinar was chaired by Ufuk Özongun from the India Cashew Co. In addition to Mr. Nair, Marc Rosenblatt, Istanbul Exporters Association. İlyas Edip Sevinç, Riccardo Vincent Rieckmann, Rahul Kamath and Vu Thai Son joined to Calcagni, Tommaso De Gregorio, and Larry George also round out the panelists. Aside from the usual crop forecast, participated to make up the panelists. This webinar discussed the panel focused on the versatility of cashews and the the main producers of hazelnuts such as Turkey and Italy, but alternative usage of the product. Innovative products using good news, there is a lot of excitement and innovative ideas cashews can serve as a catalyst for stimulating demand coming out of the USA and Chile. Another focus of the webinar and finding new markets. Such products like cashew dairy was on the quality of hazelnuts and specifically the steps being alternatives and protein snacks already demonstrate the taken by the industry to combat the biggest threat to quality, innovative possibilities for cashews. which is right now stinkbugs.

For the macadamia webinar, Jolyon Burnett from the The pecan webinar was led by Jeffrey Sanfilippo from John Australian Macadamia Society was the chair. In addition to B. Sanfilippo & Son, Inc. and was joined by Ricardo Martínez Mr. Burnett, Chen Yuxiu, Pieter van der Westhuizen, José Cobian and Andreas Snyman to complete the panel. Like most Eduardo Camargo, and Cheng Hung Kay took part in the of the products under the INC umbrella, pecans have recently discussions. One point of focus in the macadamia webinar seen an increase in demand as a result of the COVID-19 was the strong growth throughout many growing regions. pandemic. Also, interesting to note is that over the past five It is forecasted that production will more than double by years, the organic supply of pecans has at least doubled in the 2030. On the other side, it is essential that consumption US and Mexico. Additionally, in the US, the pecan industry has and demand be augmented. Mr. Burnett pointed out that to launched major research initiatives to examine alternative increase consumption there must be adequate investment pasteurization and new cracking and shelling technology. by the industry to explore new markets and stimulate demand.

July 2020 | NUTFRUIT 61 INC News

Wim Leeuwenburgh from Rhumveld, Winter & Konijn BV The pistachio webinar was chaired by Behrooz Agah from the served as the chair for the pine nuts webinar and was Iran Pistachio Association. Alongside Mr. Agah, Mike Hohmann, joined by Chen Ying, Dan Phipps, Riccardo Calcagni, and Pino Calcagni, Cheng Hung Kay, and Serkan Görgülü made Andrei Mikhailenko as panelists. Through the discussions up the rest of the panel. One major focus of the pistachio between the panelists, it was stated the world crop for webinar was the role that they will play in plant-based protein. pine nuts is growing very quickly for the next year and that Like in many of the webinars, the consumer shift towards regarding consumption trends, a consumer focus on plant desiring more plant-based protein was acknowledged and based products, demand for organic products, and more the panelists believe that pistachios are in a great position to consumers becoming vegetarian could allow for pine nuts market themselves as a protein alternative. Moreover, many to capitalize and take advantage of these trends over the marketing and promotional campaigns are continuing to put coming years. pistachios into the minds of consumers who want to include more plant-based food.

For walnuts, Bill Carriere from Carriere Family Farms was Louise McKerchar from the American Peanut Council selected to be the chair. Joining Mr. Carriere for the rest of led the peanut webinar and she was accompanied by the panel was John Aguiar, David Valenzuela, and Serkan Mike Davis, Alessandro Annibali, and Dr. Samara Sterling. Görgülü. For the forecasted supply of walnuts, there is not Peanut production is forecasted to be higher than the much of an expected change compared to the previous previous season and to find consumers, peanuts are being season, meaning the supply should be fairly easy to marketed as a great source of plant-based protein, able manage. Regarding demand of walnuts, there is continued to fit into a wide range of diets. Dr. Sterling talked about growth in the snacking industry and like most other tree research into the health benefits of peanuts and showed nuts, walnuts are positioned well for the consumer trends of that the benefits are plentiful. These results continue to vegan and vegetarian lifestyles. Furthermore, the demand allow peanuts to find their way in to the baskets of health- for organic walnuts continues to increase, to the point that conscious consumers. the demand is stronger than the current supply of organic walnuts. While the cost of production could prove to be too high in the US and Chile, Eastern Europe provides an exciting alternative for organic production.

62 July 2020 | NUTFRUIT INC News

The first dried fruit webinar consisted of information and The second dried fruit webinar focused on dried apricots, debates on dried cranberries, raisins, and prunes. It was led figs, and dates. Led by Guillaume Pagy from Pagysa & by Pedro Monti from Prunesco, and Donn Zea, Osman Oz, Nova Fruits International, with additional panelists, Ahmed Simon Melik, and Ferdie Botha contributed as panelists. Boujbel, Ogan Ceryan, Michele Murano, and Verne Powell. In With the forecasted crop size to be around the same as in this webinar, one highlighted topic was the uses of dried fruit the previous year, there was a large focus on consumption. and what consumers look for when buying dried apricots, Simon Melik explained that the UK holds the position of figs, and dates. One popular way of including these products largest importer of dried fruits and that consumption in the in a diet is through baked goods. Moreover, some consumers UK will remain important. Also, there has been an increased consider the origin of the product to be key in consumption interest in healthy snacking from consumers and with the decisions, although if the health benefits are disseminated consumption profile of dried fruits, it is easy to see that more, then this could drive buying decisions as well, leading they could benefit from a shift towards health-conscious to increased consumption. snacking.

From the chairs and panelists, to the participants, the INC would like to thank everyone who made these webinars the success that they were!

July 2020 | NUTFRUIT 63 INC News

Real Power for Real People:

Boost Your Attitudinal Immunity with Plant-Based Power “ “

Stay strong, be immune to everything, use “your power. The INC’s 2020-2021 Global Dissemination Plan aims to increase global consumption of nuts and dried fruits. With the current situation around Attitudinal the world, attitudinal immunity will be the core of this campaign. Immunity

For the foreseeable future, it appears that COVID-19 will be a part of our lives. The pandemic has already and will continue to affect people’s health all over the world. Therefore, the global dissemination plan for this coming year will focus on immunity, albeit through a unique viewpoint. Immunity is usually thought of as the body’s ability to fight off and defend itself from physical illness; however, there is a lesser known immunity that goes hand in hand with physical immunity: attitudinal immunity.

Boosting Attitudinal Immunity with Plant-Based Power When someone talks about immunity, attitudinal immunity is not the initial example that comes to mind, yet it is tremendously important. Attitudinal immunity can be simply described as a person’s ability to fight against external factors that attempt Plant-Based to bring them down. These external factors can range from negative thoughts and Power all the bad news reported every day to discrimination and pessimism. The idea is that it does not matter how strong our physical body is, if we are not immune to the negative influences, eventually we will fall. One way to improve and better your attitudinal immunity is to feed your body with nutritional real food like nuts and dried fruits. Nuts and dried fruits give your body real power and this helps with facing challenges that we all encounter on a daily basis, because after all, we are all real people. We all can be susceptible to negative influences, but with assistance from real food, we can take a step towards building our attitudinal immunity. This notion gives way to the campaign’s official slogan: Real Power for Real People.

64 July 2020 | NUTFRUIT INC News

The Road to Attitudinal Immunity With so many different health benefits of nuts and dried fruits, the INC looked into consumer trends to identify which topics were growing. The results of the research revealed that the potential growth for energy boosting food is the largest and that this is followed by food that improves your digestive health. Furthermore, weight loss is another massive market, although growth has become quite stagnant. However, it became apparent that the subject of immunity was especially attractive due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This now will become one of the key benefits that consumers look for. Focusing on attitudinal immunity and connecting it with nuts and dried fruits provides an impactful way to boost global consumption and disseminate the powers and benefits of nuts and dried fruits for consumers.

Dissemination Plan As in previous years, the INC will create a main video that will serve as the face of the campaign. Social Media This short video will highlight people who are faced with negativity and to resist this, they will be reminded of the strength of attitudinal immunity. Since they nourish themselves with real food like nuts and dried fruits, each person will gain the power to fight back against the negativity. Additionally, since boosting worldwide consumption requires a united effort, the INC will provide members and associations toolkits that allow them to tailor the campaign efforts to their specific market. With a united, collective, and global message, consumers will see how the power provided by nuts and dried fruits can help fight the negativity that surrounds us daily. Furthermore, with growing importance, a successful campaign cannot ignore the power of digital media to help spread the message. In this manner, the INC will utilize a wide range of social media applications such as Instagram, Facebook, YouTube, Twitter, LinkedIn, and TikTok. Alongside the use of social media, the INC will once again work with a team of influencers who will create content surrounding the campaign and share it among their follows. This method of dissemination continues to rapidly grow and has become an essential part of any plan.

How influencers can reach the whole world with their followers

So, what are you waiting for? Boost your immunity through real and plant-based food, because one thing that unites us, is we are real people who need real power.

July 2020 | NUTFRUIT 65 INC News

INC Launches the 10th Edition of the Statistical Yearbook

With a total amount of 3.2 million MT in 2019/20, dried fruit production trended up over the last decade as well. Dried grape (Raisins, Sultanas and Currants) and table date production accounted for 41% and 35% of the world share, respectively. Prunes (7%), dried cranberries (6%), dried apricots (6%) and figs (5%) added up to the This report offers an insightful analysis of tree following 24%. nut, peanut and dried fruit production, trade and Consequently, the global gain in supply led to consumption over the last decade up to today. increased worldwide traded volumes. Between 2008 and 2018, tree nut (shelled, except pistachios in-shell) international shipments grew at an average rate of Statistical Yearbook 69,500 MT/year, adding up to 2.3 million MT in 2018. Total Data revealed that tree nut, peanut and dried fruit supply exports of shelled peanuts reached over 2.3 million MT. has significantly increased over the last decade. Reaching Amounting to about 2.7 million MT, dried fruit exports 4.6 million metric tons in 2019/2020 (kernel basis, except were also raised at a steady pace at an average rate of pistachios in-shell), world tree nut production grew at a around 110,800 MT/year. sustained pace during the last 10-year period. In terms of crop volume, almond and walnut crops headed global production, with 31% and 21% of the world share respectively, followed by cashews (17%), pistachios (14%) and hazelnuts (12%). The remaining 5% accounted for pecans, macadamias, Brazil nuts and pine nuts production. World peanut production amounted to over 41 million metric tons in 2019/20, which represents an increment of 7% above the prior 10-year average and reflects the positive trend observed over the prior 10 years. The leading players in world production were China (38% of the world share), India (15%), Nigeria (8%), the US (6%), Senegal (3%) and Argentina (3%).

As for demand, dried fruit global consumption increased at around 85,500 MT/year, on average; and tree nut's, estimated at over 4.6 MT in 2019, was raised by 200,000 MT/year over the prior 10 years. However, considering the also growing world population, consumption is still significantly far apart from the recommended intake of 30 g (a handful or 1 oz) of nuts a day, which is a good indicator of the need to reinforce the industry marketing and promotional efforts in the years to come.

66 July 2020 | NUTFRUIT INC News

INC Annual Report

The INC is pleased to announce the publication of the 2019/2020 Annual Report. The report provides an overview of the past year including information on INC activities, health and dissemination, marketing and communication plans, and technical projects.

Each of the sections of the annual report give an in-depth look in to all that the INC has been a part of for the past year. Beginning with an introduction from INC Chairman, Michael Waring and INC Executive Director, Goretti Guasch, there is a section for listing the organizational structure. The report then dives into explaining the activities of the INC such as the annual congress. Following the activities, a section on health and nutrition explores the research grants offered by the INC and more, detailing the dissemination of the health benefits of nuts and dried fruit. The last two sections are marketing and sustainability, scientific, and government affairs. Marketing highlights actions such as the dissemination campaign and content that is created by the INC for marketing and communication purposes. The final section, sustainability, scientific, and government affairs, covers more technical subjects like import border rejections and the business integrity committee, among other topics.

You can download the Annual Report at: www.nutfruit.org/transparency

INC Academia

Don't miss the best training program in the nut and dried fruit industry!

Because of the COVID-19 pandemic, the on-site course for adjusted as students will now have until September 15, 2020, to the Executive Program on Nuts and Dried Fruits was finally finish the online material. re-scheduled to take place in Italy, May 23-25, 2021. In this The online course offers an insight into the nut and dried experience, students will get the chance to be hands-on and fruit industry that is unparalleled. The course consists of 11 units see the nut and dried fruit industry up close. The on-site (50 hours), covering different topics: soil and climate, varieties, course will consist of visiting orchards, processing plants, and nutrition facts, processing, food safety, and quality standards, distribution centers. industry statistics and essential strategies for successful In addition, regarding the online course, the dealine for negotiations, among other subjets. The INC would like to remind enrolling in the course has been extended until August 31, all, that in order to attend the on-site course, the online course 2020. The date to complete the online course has also been must be completed first.

On-site Course 2021, Preliminary Program

Sunday, May 23, Monday, May 24, Tuesday, May 25, Wednesday, May 26, Thursday, May 27, Italy Italy Italy Dubai Dubai

Registration Visits to processing All-day case studies Optional tour INC Congress, Dubai plants and a Visit in Dubai: Visits to orchards distribution center Port of Jebel Ali Presentation of certificates and Welcome cocktail & cocktail reception for dinner alumni

MAY 27-29, 2021

July 2020 | NUTFRUIT 67

Statistical Review Global Statistical Review Crop Forecast Report

July 2020

Statistics are also available at our website www.nutfruit.org

Map shows 5 top producing countries. Other major producers listed below. Main Producing Countries

l l u lu u

USA Chile Bolivia India Nigeria Turkey China South Africa China USA China Turkey USA Italy Australia Morocco Peru Cote d’Ivoire Indonesia Italy Iran Australia Colombia Mexico DPR Korea Portugal Iran Australia Spain Italy Brazil Vietnam Cambodia USA Chile Kenya New Zealand South Africa Pakistan Italy Turkey Spain Iran Syria GuineaBissau Georgia USA Vietnam Australia Afghanistan Syria Turkey Brazil Azerbaijan Guatemala Brazil Mongolia Afghanistan Tunisia Tanzania Spain Malawi China Russia China Greece Benin France Brazil Spain Greece

lu u u ul u China India China Vietnam Saudi Arabia Sudan Turkey USA Turkey USA South Africa USA Greece USA Romania India Ghana Egypt Oman Iran Canada Egypt Chile Turkey Australia Iran Argentina USA Brazil Iran Tunisia China Chile Iran France Iran Argentina Turkey Hungary Nigeria Nicaragua UAE Morocco USA USA Argentina China South Africa Ukraine Italy Indonesia Cote d’Ivore Pakistan Libya South Africa Greece Serbia India Chile Georgia Argentina Algeria Israel Australia Spain Australia Chile France Australia Senegal Iraq USA Italy Italy Uzbekistan Moldava Listed by global production as per FAO but not necessarily meaning quantities going through commercial channels.

Disclaimer: The compilation of data is intended to give a general overview for the reader’s best interest, who accepts full responsibility for its usage. Consequently, the INC cannot admit any liability from any loss or damage arising from any decision taken in accordance with this data.

July 2020 | NUTFRUIT 69 Statistical Review

Almonds 杏仁 / Almendra / Amande / Mandorle / Mandel / Badem

USA. The May 2020 Almond Board of California Position wellbeing has been beneficial to sales of foods in Australia such Report was published on June 11, 2020 reporting Crop Year as almonds that are known to have wide ranging health benefits. 2019/2020 receipts of 2.536 billion lbs. (approx. 1.128 million The dry period in southern Australia appears to be ending metric tons) year-to-date (YTD). The 2019/20 crop is the with good rains over the catchment area for Murray river water largest crop on record and USDA receipts show an average storages and with the wetter weather prediction for winter, the inedible reject percentage of 1.65%, which is slightly lower than availability of water for the 2020/21 crop should see some cost the 2018/2019 crop, demonstrating improved conditions and relief for this key production input. The improved weather in efforts made by growers to minimize insect damage during terms of rain has also benefited floral resources for beekeepers, the growing season. Total shipments YTD through May are up that have endured a challenging period with drought and 3.72% from 2018/19 at 2.017 billion lbs (914,855 MT), and with bushfires that have destroyed hives and sites on public lands. commitments (tonnage sold but not shipped) tracking 26% ahead of last year, July ending inventory should be minimally Spain. According to the Spanish Ministry of Agriculture, adequate. Domestic shipments YTD through May increased total almond area under planting in 2020 amounts to 687,225 4% from last crop year to 648 million lbs. (294,200 MT). Exports hectares, 85% under rainfed and 15% under irrigation. Bearing are up 3.5% over the same time period. All marketing regions area adds up to 615,912 ha, from which 28,922 ha will be show consistent year-over-year growth in shipments with the harvested for the first time this season and 133,786 ha account exception of the Asia-Pacific region. USDA National Agricultural for organic production. Statistics Service (NASS) published the 2020 Subjective Based on this planted area, AEOFRUSE (Spanish Association Production Forecast on May 12, which estimates the 2020 U.S. of Almond Growers Organizations) and DESCALMENDRA almond crop at around 3.0 billion pounds. Excellent weather (Spanish Almond Shellers Association) have jointly estimated during bloom and lack of frost conditions lead to the reporting the 2020 crop at 115,633 MT. The organic crop is estimated at by growers of higher than average yields. The 2020 NASS 15,000 MT. Objective Estimate will be published on July 7th. Several factors contributed to this important increase in production: Australia. The 2020 crop has been harvested with the • The irrigated crop already represents about 55% of the preharvest estimate of 106,000 MT appearing to be accurate. production. There was some disruption from rain, but fortunately most of • Very good weather conditions were conducive to optimal the Nonpareil crop was in storage before this occurred. The bloom and pollination. pollinator varieties stand up to rain events very well and so • Unlike last year, no significant frost damages were recorded the overall quality of this year’s crop is very good from a color this season. perspective though the volume in smaller sizes is higher than • A very rainy month of April favored trees to develop nuts, last year. especially in the rainfed farming areas. Sales have been strong. With the pandemic, the focus on family • New varieties are more productive than the traditional ones.

Estimated World Almond Production. Kernel Basis · Metric Tons 2019/2020 2020/2021 Country Beginning Ending Beginning Ending Crop Total Supply Crop Total Supply Stock Stock Stock Stock USA*^ (MM lbs) 318 2,486 2,804 445 445 3,000 3,445 n/a USA* (MT) 144,242 1,127,507 1,271,749 201,849 201,849 1,360,777 1,562,626 n/a SPAIN 1,800 90,000 91,800 6,000 6,000 115,633 121,633 n/a AUSTRALIA 2,000 103,700 105,700 6,000 6,000 106,000 112,000 8,000 TURKEY 0 14,500 14,500 0 0 20,000 20,000 0 IRAN 0 15,000 15,000 0 0 16,600 16,600 0 TUNISIA 0 12,000 12,000 0 0 16,000 16,000 0 MOROCCO 0 13,000 13,000 0 0 14,000 14,000 0 CHILE 615 9,596 10,211 0 0 10,500 10,500 n/a ITALY 0 18,000 18,000 0 0 10,000 10,000 0 GREECE 0 4,000 4,000 0 0 7,000 7,000 n/a OTHERS 0 30,000 30,000 0 0 30,000 30,000 0 WORLD TOTAL 148,657 1,437,303 1,585,960 213,849 213,849 1,706,510 1,920,359 8,000 WORLD CONSUMPTION (T. Supply - End. Stock) 1,372,112 1,912,359 Sources: Almond Board of California, USDA NASS, Almond Board of Australia, AEOFRUSE and DESCALMENDRA, Aegean Exporters' Association, Greek Nuts & Fruits Trade Association and other INC sources. *USA crop reflects the estimated 2% Loss and Exempt (L&E) for the crop year. ^USA 2019/20 ending stock (2020/21 beg. stock) estimated, 2020/2021 Crop-USDA Subjective Crop Estimate Published May 12, 2020.

70 July 2020 | NUTFRUIT Amazonia (Brazil) Nuts 巴西果 / Coquito de Brasil / Noix de Bresil / Noce de Brasile / Paranuss / Brezilya Fingigi

The 2020/2021 Brazil nut world crop is expected to be – factories could follow social distancing, they could operate, roughly– 6% below the previous season. Throughout the it took the approval of many different central and local producing regions, lockdowns have forced many shelling plants authorities for this to apply in Riberalta. By the beginning of May to temporary stop their production, thus, a significant amount factories were able to operate again at reduced capacity, but of raw material is yet to be processed. unfortunately, by May 20 there were three confirmed COVID-19 cases in Riberalta and the response has been to lock down the Bolivia. 2020/21 crop in Bolivia is projected to be slightly whole town including production. At the time of writing this smaller than average, and not owing to the availability in the report, the opening of factories in Riberalta for production jungle, which was normal, but mainly because the Brazil Nut depended on the progression of the COVID-19 cases in the industry has faced several challenges this season and not just region, which were being monitored by health authorities. due to COVID-19. Hardships from previous seasons led to factories struggling to raise finances to invest in the collection. Perú. Peruvian 2020/21 crop is expected to remain within the While initially, the collection was halted as collectors wanted same levels of the previous year or slightly lower. South Korea higher prices, eventually the impact of slow buying coupled with demand, which boosted between 2017 and 2019, has dropped falling export prices led to raw material prices to fall. and is expected to continue following this trend. However, this The early stage of the collection, however, took place as decrease is partially being compensated by raising demand normal, some industry sources estimate that between 80% from traditional large buyers like the US as well as newer buyers to 85% of the raw material has already been delivered to the like Russia. processing factories. But once factories started to receive raw material in volume, the world was struck by the COVID-19 Brazil. Collection and transportation took place normally pandemic. up to mid-March, when the COVID-19 pandemic-related Bolivia’s approach was to close boarders and implement limitations started to slow them down. 2020/21 crop is curfews on the population. Although if foods manufacturing anticipated to be around 40% above 2019/20.

Estimated World Amazonia (Brazil) Nut Production. In-shell Basis · Metric Tons 2019/2020 2020/2021 Country Beginning Ending Beginning Ending Crop Total Supply Crop Total Supply Stock Stock Stock Stock BOLIVIA 7,500 64,500 72,000 6,000 6,000 58,500 64,500 3,750 PERU 2,250 10,500 12,750 900 900 10,500 11,400 900 BRAZIL 750 3,300 4,050 1,350 1,350 4,500 5,850 600 WORLD TOTAL 10,500 78,300 88,800 8,250 8,250 73,500 81,750 5,250 WORLD CONSUMPTION (T, Supply - End, Stock) 80,550 76,500

Estimated World Amazonia (Brazil) Nut Production. Kernel Basis · Metric Tons 2019/2020 2020/2021 Country Beginning Ending Beginning Ending Crop Total Supply Crop Total Supply Stock Stock Stock Stock BOLIVIA 2,500 21,500 24,000 2,000 2,000 19,500 21,500 1,250 PERU 750 3,500 4,250 300 300 3,500 3,800 300 BRAZIL 250 1,100 1,350 450 450 1,500 1,950 200 WORLD TOTAL 3,500 26,100 29,600 2,750 2,750 24,500 27,250 1,750 WORLD CONSUMPTION (T. Supply - End. Stock) 26,850 25,500

Source: INC.

July 2020 | NUTFRUIT 71 Statistical Review

Cashews 腰果 / Anacardo / Noix de caju / Anacardio / Cashwkerne / Cashew cevizi

Vietnam and Cambodia had bumper crops due to very In India, the usage of broken cashews (splits and pieces) favorable weather conditions. The Indian crop is lower, fell significantly due to the sweet (Mithai) shops being closed. especially in the western region due to climatic reasons. West Demand has now partly picked up after the lockdown was African crop collection, trading and shipments are affected partially eased and businesses have started functioning. by COVID-19 related disruptions and poor flowering in some Middle Eastern demand was severely affected due to the regions of the Ivory Coast. The inadequate post-harvest Mecca pilgrimage being called off during Ramadan, in addition facilities in West Africa combined with the slow shipments has to the COVID-19 restrictions and the collapse in petroleum also resulted in lower kernel yields. Total availability of kernels prices. is overall expected to be slightly less than in 2019. Overall, the demand for whole cashews has held up, Indian processing capacity was also reduced up to June but there has been a stock build-up of broken cashews. due to COVID-19 related restrictions, while processing in The healthy connotation of nuts is supporting demand, Vietnam did very well during this period. The slow shipments but restrictions have affected some usage avenues and from West Africa may affect processing capacity utilization in occasions. It is difficult to predict demand in the face of the next few months. uncertainty about the further direction of the pandemic and Demand was very good in the EU and the US in March and government responses, but at the time of writing this report April, with pantry-stocking at the beginning of the pandemic. most markets seem to be going towards normalcy. The growth has tapered down to lower levels since May. Higher retail sales have made up for decreases in the food service sector.

Estimated World Cashew Production, Raw Cashew Nut (RCN), Metric Tons 2019/2020 2020/2021* Country Beginning Total Ending Beginning Ending Crop Crop Total Supply Stock Supply Stock Stock Stock INDIA 45,000 742,000 787,000 40,000 40,000 691,000 731,000 n/a VIETNAM 30,000 375,000 405,000 45,000 45,000 450,000 495,000 n/a CAMBODIA n/a 210,000 210,000 n/a n/a 250,000 250,000 n/a COTE D'IVOIRE 20,000 785,000 805,000 n/a n/a 740,000 740,000 n/a NIGERIA n/a 250,000 250,000 n/a n/a 225,000 225,000 n/a GUINEA-BISSAU n/a 200,000 200,000 n/a n/a 200,000 200,000 n/a BENIN 5,500 130,000 135,500 n/a n/a 130,000 130,000 n/a BURKINA FASO n/a 120,000 120,000 n/a n/a 120,000 120,000 n/a GHANA 28,000 110,000 138,000 n/a n/a 90,000 90,000 n/a GUINEA CONAKRY n/a 50,000 50,000 n/a n/a 50,000 50,000 n/a SENEGAL n/a 47,000 47,000 n/a n/a 47,000 47,000 n/a MALI n/a 46,000 46,000 n/a n/a 46,000 46,000 n/a TOGO n/a 20,000 20,000 n/a n/a 20,000 20,000 n/a GAMBIA n/a 18,000 18,000 n/a n/a 18,000 18,000 n/a Sub Total Western Africa 53,500 1,776,000 1,829,500 n/a n/a 1,686,000 1,686,000 n/a Sub Total Northern 128,500 3,103,000 3,231,500 85,000 85,000 3,077,000 3,162,000 n/a Hemisphere TANZANIA 220,000 245,000 465,000 117,000 117,000 250,000 367,000 n/a MOZAMBIQUE n/a 70,000 70,000 n/a n/a 70,000 70,000 n/a KENYA n/a 6,000 6,000 n/a n/a 6,000 6,000 n/a Sub Total Eastern Africa 220,000 321,000 541,000 117,000 117,000 326,000 443,000 n/a BRAZIL n/a 150,000 150,000 n/a n/a 150,000 150,000 n/a INDONESIA n/a 115,000 115,000 n/a n/a 115,000 115,000 n/a Sub Total Southern Hemisphere 220,000 586,000 806,000 117,000 117,000 591,000 708,000 n/a OTHERS n/a 54,000 54,000 n/a n/a 54,000 54,000 n/a WORLD TOTAL 348,500 3,743,000 4,091,500 202,000 202,000 3,722,000 3,924,000 n/a

Sources: Global Cashew Council and INC. *Harvest from January'20 through June'20 (Northern hemisphere), from September'20 through February'21 (Southern hemisphere).

72 July 2020 | NUTFRUIT Hazelnuts 榛子 / Avellana / Noisette / Nocciola / Haselnuss / Findik

Turkey. Crop 2019/2020, estimated at 790,000 metric abundant rains over almost the entire Italian peninsula, favoring tons (in-shell basis), was the second largest crop in history, kernel development and avoiding shriveled and small nuts. after the 2008/09 production of over 800,000 MT. Correlatively, Furthermore, due to the new plantations recently total exports for the season also reached the record in-shell developed, the total area under plantation has reached around equivalent of 660,000 MT with a revenue of US$2.3 billion. 80,000 hectares, not only in the three main districts (Piedmont, This season, according to industry sources, a good-quality Lazio and Campania) but also in minor regions such as Veneto, medium crop, forecasted at 620,000 MT, is anticipated. At the Marche, Umbria, Tuscany, Apulia and Sicily. The potential output time of writing this report, harvest was expected to be carried in full production equivalent to 160,000 MT is to be reached out normally, starting at the beginning of August through within the next five years. mid- September. COVID-19 restrictions to migrant’s workers mobility was also expected to be lifted by then. USA. According to Hazelnut Industry Office of Oregon and industry sources, in regards to shipments during Q1 and Q2 Italy. Last season’s exceptional low harvest created optimal thus far, certainly the COVID-19 situation impacted primarily conditions for an abundant production in 2020, forecasted at export of in-shell into China. However, and in spite of this, 135,000 MT (in-shell basis). Last year production of male and demand for hazelnut kernels at steady prices is still present. A female flower buds translated into a very good flowering and reasonable level of carry-in is expected to prepare for a record fruit setting. After a very hot and dry month of May, weather in size crop in Oregon for 2020. June has been almost perfect, not too hot (max. 23°C) and with

Estimated World Hazelnut Production. In-shell Basis · Metric Tons 2019/2020 2020/2021 Country Beginning Ending Beginning Ending Crop Total Supply Crop Total Supply Stock Stock Stock Stock TURKEY 45,000 790,000 835,000 70,000 70,000 620,000 690,000 40,000 ITALY 10,000 65,000 75,000 5,000 5,000 135,000 140,000 10,000 AZERBAIJAN 5,000 42,000 47,000 2,000 2,000 50,000 52,000 3,000 USA 3,000 39,500 42,500 3,800 3,800 52,000 55,800 1,000 GEORGIA 3,000 38,000 41,000 1,000 1,000 50,000 51,000 1,000 CHILE 2,000 35,000 37,000 1,000 1,000 39,000 40,000 0 IRAN 100 25,000 25,100 200 200 20,000 20,200 500 SPAIN 700 13,800 14,500 700 700 13,800 14,500 800 CHINA 100 12,000 12,100 300 300 15,000 15,300 0 FRANCE 0 10,500 10,500 500 500 9,000 9,500 0 OTHERS 0 27,000 27,000 0 0 30,000 30,000 0 WORLD TOTAL 68,900 1,097,800 1,166,700 84,500 84,500 1,033,800 1,118,300 56,300 WORLD CONSUMPTION (T, Supply - End, Stock) 1,082,200 1,062,000

Estimated World Hazelnut Production. Kernel Basis · Metric Tons 2019/2020 2020/2021 Country Beginning Ending Beginning Ending Crop Total Supply Crop Total Supply Stock Stock Stock Stock TURKEY 22,500 395,000 417,500 35,000 35,000 310,000 345,000 20,000 ITALY 4,900 30,600 35,500 2,350 2,350 63,450 65,800 4,700 AZERBAIJAN 2,050 16,800 18,850 800 800 21,000 21,800 1,250 USA 1,200 15,725 16,925 1,520 1,520 20,800 22,320 400 GEORGIA 1,000 13,200 14,200 350 350 18,000 18,350 360 CHILE 880 15,400 16,280 440 440 17,200 17,640 0 IRAN 46 11,500 11,546 92 92 9,000 9,092 225 SPAIN 330 6,500 6,830 330 330 6,500 6,830 375 CHINA 45 4,500 4,545 115 115 6,450 6,565 0 FRANCE 0 4,200 4,200 200 200 4,050 4,250 0 OTHERS 0 10,000 10,000 0 0 13,500 13,500 0 WORLD TOTAL 32,951 523,425 556,376 41,197 41,197 489,950 531,147 27,310 WORLD CONSUMPTION (T, Supply - End, Stock) 515,179 503,837 Sources: Oregon Hazelnut Industry Office and INC

July 2020 | NUTFRUIT 73 Statistical Review

Macadamias 夏威夷果 / Macadamia / Macadamianuss / Makedemia / Cevizi

South Africa. As reported by Macadamias South Africa, Harvest started slightly later, but conditions were favourable, and the heat wave experienced in some producing areas during kernel recoveries were increasing, which was to be expected at January and February, which are typically very hot and humid, that stage of the season. might affect the current crop. Stink bug numbers were on The Australian macadamia industry has adapted to the rise in certain areas and there was some husk rot on older restrictions presented by COVID-19 and in doing so has been orchards, while other areas were not that affected. Although, able to continue its operations during the pandemic. The new according to industry sources, the initial forecast of 62,900 season crop is being processed –even some smaller nuts are metric tons might be down, the harvest was expected to being processed to improve kernel availability– and shipped to continue through June and the overall crop outlook for 2020 is customers around the world to meet strong demand. positive. The COVID-19 pandemic has created some challenges Kenya. The Kenyan Macadamia scene has been hurt by within the agricultural value chain. Nonetheless, NIS exporting COVID-19 market uncertainties as orders from abroad were slow started at relatively stable prices and 70% of the crop was in coming. The 2020 crop is expected to improve from 2019 and it already committed by mid-June. is forecasted at 45,000 MT (at 10% NIS moisture content; 42,000 MT at 3.5% m.c.) and is anticipated to hit 9,200 MT kernel basis. Australia. As per the Australian Macadamia Society, in spite Processors might have to keep processed inventories for longer of the drought impact, the 2020 crop remains on track to reach than previous years, but the kernel market is expected to pick up the forecast of 36,500 MT in-shell at 3.5% moisture content. in the last quarter of 2020.

Estimated World Macadamia Production. In-shell Basis · Metric Tons 2019 2020 Country Beginning Ending Beginning Ending Crop Total Supply Crop Total Supply Stock Stock Stock Stock SOUTH AFRICA n/r 59,050 59,050 n/r n/r 62,900 62,900 n/r AUSTRALIA n/r 43,500 43,500 n/r n/r 36,500 36,500 n/r KENYA n/r 36,750 36,750 n/r n/r 42,000 42,000 n/r CHINA n/r 23,300 23,300 n/r n/r 28,000 28,000 n/r USA n/r 18,000 18,000 n/r n/r 18,000 18,000 n/r GUATEMALA n/r 13,500 13,500 n/r n/r 14,400 14,400 n/r BRAZIL n/r 7,200 7,200 n/r n/r 6,000 6,000 n/r MALAWI n/r 7,499 7,499 n/r n/r 5,520 5,520 n/r VIETNAM n/r 1,450 1,450 n/r n/r 1,500 1,500 n/r COLOMBIA n/r 1,300 1,300 n/r n/r 1,300 1,300 n/r OTHERS n/r 15,350 15,350 n/r n/r 16,000 16,000 n/r WORLD TOTAL n/r 226,899 226,899 n/r n/r 232,120 232,120 n/r WORLD CONSUMPTION (T. Supply - End. Stock) 226,899 232,120

Estimated World Macadamia Production. Kernel Basis · Metric Tons 2019 2020 Country Beginning Ending Beginning Ending Crop Total Supply Crop Total Supply Stock Stock Stock Stock SOUTH AFRICA n/r 18,900 18,900 n/r n/r 20,100 20,100 n/r AUSTRALIA n/r 13,000 13,000 n/r n/r 11,000 11,000 n/r KENYA n/r 7,350 7,350 n/r n/r 8,400 8,400 n/r CHINA n/r 6,615 6,615 n/r n/r 6,500 6,500 n/r USA n/r 4,000 4,000 n/r n/r 4,000 4,000 n/r GUATEMALA n/r 2,900 2,900 n/r n/r 3,150 3,150 n/r MALAWI n/r 1,800 1,800 n/r n/r 1,500 1,500 n/r BRAZIL n/r 1,955 1,955 n/r n/r 1,380 1,380 n/r VIETNAM n/r 435 435 n/r n/r 450 450 n/r COLOMBIA n/r 270 270 n/r n/r 260 260 n/r OTHERS n/r 3,991 3,991 n/r n/r 4,160 4,160 n/r WORLD TOTAL n/r 61,216 61,216 n/r n/r 60,900 60,900 n/r WORLD CONSUMPTION (T, Supply - End, Stock) 61,216 60,900 Sources: Macadamia Council, Macadamias South Africa, Australian Macadamia Society, Nut Processors Association of Kenya, China Chamber of Commerce for Import and Export of Foodstuffs, Brazilian Macadamia Association, Vietnam Macadamia Association and other INC sources. n/r: not reported or not relevant.

74 July 2020 | NUTFRUIT Pecans / Pacana / Noix de pécan / Noce pecan / Pecanuss / Pekan cevizi

North America. Total supply and pricing in North New Year and the uncertainty generated by the COVID-19 America are expected to remain quite similar to last year. pandemic has slowed exports down in the Chinese market Weather conditions have been favorable, except for early during 2020 Q1 and Q2, but the situation is expected to reports of frost damage in most of the western US growing improve from July onwards. areas, while drought in northern Mexico is challenging the Because a new trend of eating pecan kernels is growing current crop. in China, particularly with internet sales, the Chinese are US bearing acreage is recovering from declines after producing and processing kernel locally for domestic Hurricane Michael in 2019 and more new plantings are coming consumption and this is concerning as a supply origin. into production in Mexico; estimates from SADER (Mexico Over dependence on China as a buyer and consumer, agricultural agency) forecast a crop of around 200,000 metric might not serve the interests of farmers in the longer term. tons by 2025. Nevertheless, quality and flavor make South African pecans Regarding effects of COVID-19 on the pecan market, very attractive, and harvest has the ideal timing for Northern shipments for the industrial side slightly slowed during April Hemisphere Christmas market. Responsible companies in and March. However, during the same period, shipments for South Africa are looking for support in developing their kernel retail use have been quite strong. Chinese demand for US market in Europe and elsewhere to add value and develop a pecans has been higher than last year and commitment for range of customers in numerous markets. shipments seems to be stronger as well. Australia. The consumption of pecan in Australia remains South Africa. Annual production keeps raising as the strong and the majority of the crop will continue to be last decade new plantings (from 200,000 trees per year in consumed domestically. The market has been shaken by the 2010 to a peak of 580,000 in 2017) enter into full production. current pandemic, as many traditional consumption channels Although the on and off year alternance is starting to show, have been disrupted. The safe and healthy nature of pecan new trees coming into production are softening the trend. kernel products will remain attractive to the end consumer, so In-shell exports accounted for over 90% of the 2019 total consumption is expected to ‘normalize’ once the 2020 crop. Similarly, the bulk of the 2020 crop is expected to be crop has moved into the market, albeit through an evolved sold in-shell to China. The carry-over stock from Chinese supply-chain and shopper model.

Estimated World Pecan Production. In-shell Basis · Metric Tons 2019/2020 2020/2021 Country Beginning Ending Beginning Ending Crop Total Supply Crop Total Supply Stock Stock Stock Stock MEXICO 6,800 138,345 145,145 7,500 7,500 149,686 157,186 15,000 USA 91,118 122,470 213,588 83,000 83,000 131,542 214,542 75,000 SOUTH AFRICA 100 17,270 17,370 50 50 20,000 20,050 0 BRAZIL 500 2,000 2,500 0 0 3,500 3,500 0 AUSTRALIA 200 2,000 2,200 200 200 2,469 2,669 0 CHINA 0 500 500 0 0 700 700 0 OTHERS 0 1,900 1,900 0 0 1,900 1,900 0 WORLD TOTAL 98,718 284,485 383,203 90,750 90,750 309,797 400,547 90,000 WORLD CONSUMPTION (T. Supply - End. Stock) 292,453 310,547

Estimated World Pecan Production. Kernel Basis · Metric Tons 2019/2020 2020/2021 Country Beginning Ending Beginning Ending Crop Total Supply Crop Total Supply Stock Stock Stock Stock MEXICO 3,400 69,173 72,573 3,750 3,750 74,843 78,593 7,500 USA 45,600 60,000 105,600 41,000 41,000 65,771 106,771 37,500 SOUTH AFRICA 55 9,600 9,655 28 28 11,000 11,028 0 BRAZIL 230 1,200 1,430 0 0 1,700 1,700 0 AUSTRALIA 104 1,140 1,244 114 114 1,358 1,472 0 CHINA 0 250 250 0 0 280 280 0 OTHERS 0 952 952 0 0 952 952 0 WORLD TOTAL 49,389 142,315 191,704 44,892 44,892 155,904 200,796 45,000 WORLD CONSUMPTION (T, Supply - End, Stock) 146,812 155,796

Sources: American Pecan Council, Brazilian Association of Nuts and Chesnuts (ABNC), Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA) and other INC sources. Harvest in SA is from May-August seasonally.

July 2020 | NUTFRUIT 75 Statistical Review

Pine Nuts 松子 / Piñón / Pignon / Pinoli / Pinienkerne / Çam fistigi

Far East. China, Russia and North Korea crops are 2020 Russian crop is also expected to be stocked for the next forecasted to be much bigger than the previous season. two years. In 2020, a bumper crop of Pinus koraiensis is expected in China, consequently, price is likely to drop below $7/kg. Mediterranean. Crops in 2020 are expected to be In spite of the COVID-19 disruptions, the lower pricing is slightly above the previous season, but still in the low side. expected to boost the local market; it is estimated that at However, a much bigger production is anticipated for 2021. least half of the crop will be consumed domestically and the Due to the small supply, prices have reached historical rest will be exported. European and US demand were, at the maximums of $70/Kg this year, although they started to fall at time of writing this report, still uncertain, but based on low around $64/Kg by the beginning of June due to the COVID-19 prices, the outlook was optimistic. pandemic effects. In-shell supply from Russia was blocked, as the Russian- The European market has been affected as industry and Chinese border was closed due to the COVID-19 limitations. restaurant demand declined during the lockdown measures, Therefore, producers were prepared to stock up for next year, while retail sales have seen and increment in spite of the high especially in anticipation of a lower crop. Carry-over from the prices.

Estimated World Pine Nut Production. In-shell Basis · Metric Tons 2019/2020 2020/2021 Country Beginning Ending Beginning Ending Crop Total Supply Crop Total Supply Stock Stock Stock Stock FAR EAST CHINA 7,500 14,500 22,000 4,000 4,000 42,000 46,000 1,000 RUSSIA 500 17,000 17,500 500 500 40,000 40,500 n/a NORTH KOREA 0 12,000 12,000 700 700 35,000 35,700 1,000 AFGHANISTAN 1,000 5,000 6,000 0 0 9,700 9,700 0 PAKISTAN 1,000 5,000 6,000 0 0 9,300 9,300 0 SUBTOTAL 10,000 53,500 63,500 5,200 5,200 136,000 141,200 2,000 MEDITERRANEAN (Pinus pinea) TURKEY 0 1,300 1,300 0 0 1,400 1,400 0 PORTUGAL 75 2,000 2,075 0 0 1,500 1,500 0 SPAIN 500 500 1,000 0 0 1,250 1,250 0 ITALY 0 400 400 0 0 500 500 0 OTHERS 0 110 110 0 0 435 435 0 SUBTOTAL 575 4,310 4,885 0 0 5,085 5,085 0 WORLD TOTAL 10,575 57,810 68,385 5,200 5,200 141,085 146,285 2,000 WORLD CONSUMPTION (T. Supply - End. Stock) 63,185 144,285

Estimated World Pine Nut Production, Kernel Basis · Metric Tons 2019/2020 2020/2021 Country Beginning Ending Beginning Ending Crop Total Supply Crop Total Supply Stock Stock Stock Stock FAR EAST CHINA 1,900 3,600 5,500 1,000 1,000 10,500 11,500 250 RUSSIA 150 5,100 5,250 150 150 12,000 12,150 n/a NORTH KOREA 0 3,000 3,000 0 0 8,750 8,750 250 AFGHANISTAN 300 1,500 1,800 0 0 2,900 2,900 0 PAKISTAN 300 1,500 1,800 0 0 2,800 2,800 0 SUBTOTAL 2,650 14,700 17,350 1,150 1,150 36,950 38,100 500 MEDITERRANEAN (Pinus pinea) TURKEY 0 350 350 0 0 375 375 0 PORTUGAL 15 400 415 0 0 300 300 0 SPAIN 100 100 200 0 0 250 250 0 ITALY 0 100 100 0 0 125 125 0 OTHERS 0 25 25 0 0 100 100 0 SUBTOTAL 115 975 1,090 0 0 1,150 1,150 0 WORLD TOTAL 2,765 15,675 18,440 1,150 1,150 38,100 39,250 500 WORLD CONSUMPTION (T, Supply - End, Stock) 17,290 38,750 Sources: China Chamber of Commerce for Import and Export Foodstuff and other INC sources.

76 July 2020 | NUTFRUIT Pistachios 心果 / Pistacho / Pistache / Pistacchio / Pistazie / Antep fistigi

USA. The 2019/2020 US pistachio crop was an “off-year”, main destination markets, especially the Far East and the yielding roughly 339,000 metric tons (747 million lbs.). Harvest Indian Subcontinent, are expected to grow significantly given started slightly later this year, by about a week, due to cool the attractive price of Iranian pistachios and the gradual global temperatures. Chill and conditions for the 2020/21 crop have recovery from the COVID-19 crisis. Kernel shipments (14,000 been positive, with an “on-year” estimate between 363,000 MT through March) showed a growing trend. metric tons (800 million lbs.) and a high of 544,000 metric tons Although total domestic consumption is expected to (1.2 billion lbs.) with increased acreage. remain unchanged, at around 15% of the annual production, Global demand, which saw record setting US shipments local demand of kernels as an ingredient is experiencing an last year of over 363,000 metric tons (800 million LB), is upward trend as well. anticipated to remain strong. However, US shipments are expected to be lower this year in comparison to last year due Turkey. Season 2020/21 is going to be an on year for to several factors: lower 2019/2020 supply resulting from the Turkish pistachio and a historical record season is anticipated. “off-year”, a relatively low carry-over inventory, the increase in Early forecast is estimated at around 325,000 MT in-shell Iranian supply, additional tariffs between China and US, and the basis, 4 times above the 2019/20 crop. impact of COVID-19 particularly in the export market. There The ongoing off season caused very high prices in the was increased demand in both US and European retail in the export market. Some corrections were observed time to early stages of COVID-19. However, with recent shipments time, mostly effected by dollar/lira currency changes. Due to beginning to slow down, expectations are that consumer COVID-19, many export markets have been slowed down. demand will normalize during the next several months. Year However, since dollar/lira rates were expected to remain to date US shipments are in line to finish with estimates of high, at the time of this report, and with the support of the 281,000 metric tons (620 million lbs.). upcoming huge crop, a brilliant year for export market was anticipated. Iran. Iran Pistachio Association’s early guestimate of the 2020 crop is 170,000 MT of pistachios. With an estimated Spain. Abundant spring rains might have affected effective carry-over of 50,000 MT from the 2019 crop, Iran’s gross pollination. However, based on the fruit setting samples inventory at the beginning of marketing year 2020/2021 is observed at the orchards, the 2020/21 crop is expected to projected to reach 220,000 MT of pistachios. reach around 2,500 MT. Although last season was an on year, In-shell export volume through March stayed at around this one will not become a fully off year, since trees have 100,000 MT, which shows a 22% decline compared to reserves. Moreover, the crop decrease compared to 2019/20 crop year 2017 (the last on-year crop with similar starting will be offset and, even increased, due to the new hectares inventory). On top of the market disruptions brought by starting to bear fruit and the young trees enlarging their the COVID-19 pandemic, factors such as late harvest, production. government-imposed foreign exchange restrictions, limitations on logistics and monetary transfers have had a negative impact on Iranian exports. However, shipments to

Estimated World Pistachio Production. In-shell Basis · Metric Tons 2019/2020 2020/2021 Country Beginning Ending Beginning Ending Crop Total Supply Crop Total Supply Stock Stock Stock Stock USA (MM lbs) 95 747 842 95 95 1,200 1,294 95 USA (MT) 43,000 339,000 382,000 43,000 43,000 544,000 587,000 43,000 TURKEY 100,000 75,000 175,000 75,000 75,000 325,000 400,000 120,000 IRAN 22,000 205,000 227,000 50,000 50,000 170,000 220,000 20,000 SYRIA 0 23,000 23,000 0 0 20,700 20,700 0 GREECE 0 5,000 5,000 0 0 7,000 7,000 0 AFGHANISTAN 0 5,000 5,000 0 0 4,500 4,500 0 SPAIN 0 2,000 2,000 0 0 2,500 2,500 0 AUSTRALIA 0 2,800 2,800 0 0 2,200 2,200 0 CHINA 0 3,200 3,200 0 0 1,500 1,500 0 ITALY 0 2,600 2,600 1,000 1,000 1,200 2,200 0 WORLD TOTAL 165,000 662,600 827,600 169,000 169,000 1,078,600 1,247,600 183,000 WORLD CONSUMPTION (T. Supply - End. Stock) 658,600 1,064,600

Sources: Iran Pistachio Association, Greek Nuts & Fruits Trade Association, Australia Pistachio Growers' Association and other INC sources.

July 2020 | NUTFRUIT 77 Statistical Review

Walnuts 核桃 / Nuez / Noix / Noce / Walnuss / Ceviz

China. Due to the frost damage during the blossom period in As per the California Walnut Board and Commission, some of the northern growing regions, 2020/2021 crop is forecast shipments in the US have been strong, as well as in Germany, 5% lower from last year, at 950,000 metric tons (in-shell basis). Spain, and Japan, however, impacts from COVID-19 have caused The market proved to be active during the early part of the market disruptions that appear to be leveling off as countries season, overseas shipments for the current crop have been emerge from lockdown and shelter in place restrictions. strong for both in-shell and shelled, resulting in an increase of Consumer consumption remained strong in Turkey for Ramadan 266% and 279% respectively, from September 2019 to March and throughout most markets as walnuts are known for 2020. However, it declined over the peak selling season of the their contribution to a healthy diet. Through the COVID-19 Spring Festival, which was unfortunately missed, due to the long pandemic and beyond, the California walnut industry continues quarantine related to the outbreak of the COVID–19 virus. This its commitment to producing high-quality, nutritious and safe has also resulted in a larger than normal inventory with sluggish walnuts for consumers at home and abroad. demand. Chile. The 2019/20 crop is estimated at 130,000 MT, 7% below USA. Although it is too early to describe the California crop and last year. Although drought continue to be concern, a record crop the official estimate is expected on August 28, 2020, according to of around 140,000-150,000 MT is expected for 2020/21. industry sources, a record crop is anticipated.

Estimated World Walnut Production. In-shell Basis · Metric Tons 2019/2020 2020/2021 Country Beginning Ending Beginning Ending Stock Crop Total Supply Stock Stock Crop Total Supply Stock CHINA 30,000 1,000,000 1,030,000 60,000 60,000 950,000 1,010,000 60,000 USA 56,237 590,332 646,569 80,000 80,000 648,637 728,637 60,000 CHILE 2,000 130,000 132,000 1,800 1,800 150,000 151,800 151,800 UKRAINE 10,500 117,300 127,800 3,500 3,500 105,500 109,000 n/a FRANCE 2,000 37,000 39,000 2,000 2,000 37,000 39,000 n/a ROMANIA 0 34,600 34,600 0 0 36,300 36,300 n/a TURKEY 0 35,000 35,000 0 0 31,000 31,000 0 INDIA 3,000 34,000 37,000 3,000 3,000 35,000 38,000 3,000 IRAN 0 25,000 25,000 0 0 30,000 30,000 0 ITALY 0 16,500 16,500 0 0 19,800 19,800 0 ARGENTINA 0 20,000 20,000 0 0 21,000 21,000 n/a MOLDOVA 700 23,300 24,000 640 640 18,600 19,240 n/a AUSTRALIA 200 12,000 12,200 0 0 13,000 13,000 200 HUNGARY 0 11,200 11,200 0 0 11,700 11,700 n/a GEORGIA 0 7,100 7,100 0 0 7,000 7,000 n/a OTHERS 0 12,000 12,000 0 0 15,000 15,000 n/a WORLD TOTAL 104,637 2,105,332 2,209,969 150,940 150,940 2,129,537 2,280,477 123,200 WORLD CONSUMPTION (T, Supply - End, Stock) 2,059,029 2,157,277 Estimated World Walnut Production, Kernel Basis · Metric Tons 2019/2020 2020/2021 Country Beginning Ending Beginning Ending Stock Crop Total Supply Stock Stock Crop Total Supply Stock CHINA 13,200 440,000 453,200 26,400 26,400 418,000 444,400 26,400 USA* 24,744 259,746 284,490 35,200 35,200 285,400 320,600 26,400 CHILE 980 65,000 65,980 900 900 75,000 75,900 n/a UKRAINE 4,200 46,930 51,130 1,400 1,400 42,200 43,600 n/a FRANCE 880 16,280 17,160 880 880 16,280 17,160 n/a ROMANIA 0 13,500 13,500 0 0 14,500 14,500 n/a TURKEY 0 15,400 15,400 0 0 13,600 13,600 0 INDIA 1,110 12,629 13,739 1,114 1,114 13,000 14,114 1,200 IRAN 0 10,000 10,000 0 0 12,000 12,000 0 ITALY 0 7,260 7,260 0 0 8,700 8,700 0 ARGENTINA 0 9,000 9,000 0 0 8,600 8,600 n/a MOLDOVA 270 9,100 9,370 250 250 7,800 8,050 n/a AUSTRALIA 88 5,300 5,388 0 0 5,700 5,700 88 HUNGARY 0 4,800 4,800 0 0 4,700 4,700 n/a GEORGIA 0 2,700 2,700 0 0 2,800 2,800 n/a OTHERS 0 4,800 4,800 0 0 6,000 6,000 n/a WORLD TOTAL 45,472 922,445 967,917 66,144 66,144 934,280 1,000,424 54,088 WORLD CONSUMPTION (T, Supply - End, Stock) 901,773 946,336 Sources: California Walnut Board and Commission, Ukrainian Walnut Association and other INC sources. *California Walnut Board and Commission does not measure in kernel basis, kernel equivalent is an INC estimation.

78 July 2020 | NUTFRUIT Peanuts 花生 / Cacahuete / Cacahuète / Arachide / Erdnuss / Yer fistigi

China. Total 2019/20 production is estimated to be USA. Current scenario of peanuts focuses now in the about the same as that of the previous year, between 15 and consumer behavior regarding the appearance of the 15.7 million metric tons, while the total output in 2020/21 is COVID-19 Pandemic, which will determine the trend for the forecasted at over 17.8 million tons. second half of 2020. During 2019, with virtually no carry-over stock of edible USA has been struggling with a 2019 crop with quality peanuts from the previous year (most of the 2018/19 problems and unable to be present in the international market. production was sold before the 2019 Spring Festival), farmers’ New crop 2020 early estimation shows a much-needed markets have run out of supplies and were waiting for new increase. Many in the industry believe that planted acreage will product. Many small and medium-sized oil factories, traders be higher than the USDA's March estimate. and export enterprises failed to fulfill a considerable number of contracts in the first half of 2019 due to soaring prices and Argentina. As reported by the Argentine Peanut shortage of goods, which delayed the execution until the Chamber (CAM) the weather conditions during the 2019/20 autumn when the new supply came in. season have been very good, so the overall quality is optimal. Since mid-March 2020, after the Spring Festival, with the With 351,214 hectares harvested, total production is liberalization of traffic control in various regions, buyers have projected at 884,708 tons of peanuts in grain (1.263 million been urgently replenishing stock. Peanut prices in the major MT of in-shell peanuts). Similar to the last season, yields are production areas have soared all the way up to a peak in early estimated at 2.52 MT/ha in grain. However, with a drop of 9.5% April (second record price after the maximum of the 2012 in the harvested area, exportable offer has been reduced from spring), mainly due to the tight supply and market speculation. 663,760 MT (in grain) to 580,058 MT compared to last year. Peanut consumption is expected to be curbed this summer due to high prices and the COVID-19 outbreak Brazil. After a very bad 2018/19 crop, Brazil has collected a effects. Nonetheless, edible oil consumption was impacted good crop not only in volume, but in quality as well. Although differently: although the overall operation of the catering availability of good material would be limited given the number industry has been hit hard by the pandemic, as the majority of of contracts postponed from one crop the following one. consumers were eating at home, consumption of high-end oil All in all, and owing to the good crops in Argentina and products such as brand peanut oil increased. Nevertheless, Brazil, industry sources anticipate that there will be enough due to the high peanut prices in 2019/20, farmers are highly peanut to supply the market in 2020 for snacking peanuts motivated to sell and the amount of self-squeezing and self- quality. consumption is reduced.

Estimated World Peanut Production. In-shell Basis · 1000 Metric Tons 2019/2020 2020/2021 Country Beginning Ending Beginning Ending Stock Crop Total Supply Stock Stock Crop Total Supply Stock CHINA 88 15,700 15,788 50 50 17,800 17,850 70 INDIA 237 6,200 6,437 563 563 5,500 6,063 313 NIGERIA 773 3,500 4,273 400 400 3,900 4,300 350 USA 1,098 2,493 3,591 845 845 2,663 3,508 752 ARGENTINA 0 1,260 1,260 0 0 1,200 1,200 0 SENEGAL 377 1,100 1,477 33 33 1,150 1,183 43 INDONESIA 187 999 1,186 574 574 970 1,544 148 GHANA 0 440 440 6 6 650 656 0 BRAZIL 1 550 551 34 34 540 574 27 VIETNAM 22 470 492 197 197 447 644 22 COTE D'IVOIRE 6 210 216 12 12 210 222 9 NICARAGUA 1 235 236 2 2 180 182 4 MEXICO 103 100 203 294 294 102 396 43 SOUTH AFRICA 13 80 93 61 61 60 121 6 OTHERS 231 8,230 8,461 3,507 3,507 10,734 14,241 1,400 WORLD TOTAL 3,137 41,567 44,704 6,578 6,578 46,106 52,684 3,187 WORLD CONSUMPTION (T. Supply - End. Stock) 38,126 49,497 Sources: China Chamber of Commerce for Import and Export of Foodstuffs, USDA, Argentine Chamber of Peanuts (CAM) and other INC sources.

July 2020 | NUTFRUIT 79 Statistical Review

Dates / Dátil / Datte / Dattero / Dattel / Hurma In terms of sales of table dates in the first half of 2020, there information gathered, the farmers' effort and the support of has been a considerable slowdown in demand both on the local the local authorities had largely saved this operation. But the market and for export. This was followed by partial closings future harvest would probably be slightly weak, although this of the table date packaging units, resulting in an increase in deficit could be offset by the stock carryover from the 2020 stocks of raw materials in factories. harvest. For the 2021 harvest, the COVID-19 confinement period corresponded to that of pollination. But according to the

Estimated World Table Date Production. Metric Tons 2019/2020 2020/2021 Country Beginning Ending Beginning Ending Stock Production Total Supply Stock Stock Production Total Supply Stock SAUDI ARABIA 20,000 230,000 250,000 70,000 70,000 210,000 280,000 20,000 IRAN 10,000 175,000 185,000 20,000 20,000 160,000 180,000 10,000 UAE 10,000 135,000 145,000 25,000 25,000 130,000 155,000 10,000 TUNISIA 5,000 120,000 125,000 9,000 9,000 110,000 119,000 5,000 EGYPT 5,000 120,000 125,000 12,000 12,000 100,000 112,000 6,000 ALGERIA 6,000 100,000 106,000 10,000 10,000 90,000 100,000 5,000 IRAQ 3,000 60,000 63,000 8,000 8,000 50,000 58,000 3,000 ISRAEL 4,000 35,000 39,000 5,000 5,000 30,000 35,000 3,000 PAKISTAN 2,000 32,000 34,000 4,000 4,000 28,000 32,000 2,000 USA 4,000 30,000 34,000 7,000 7,000 28,000 35,000 4,000 MOROCCO 1,000 25,000 26,000 3,000 3,000 20,000 23,000 1,000 OMAN 1,500 25,000 26,500 4,000 4,000 20,000 24,000 1,500 SUDAN 500 9,000 9,500 1,500 1,500 7,000 8,500 600 LIBYA 100 1,000 1,100 200 200 800 1,000 100 OTHERS 5,000 35,000 40,000 12,000 12,000 30,000 42,000 5,000 WORLD TOTAL 77,100 1,132,000 1,209,100 190,700 190,700 1,013,800 1,204,500 76,200 WORLD CONSUMPTION (T. Supply - End. Stock) 1,018,400 1,128,300

Source: INC These data concern only dates that have been packaged and presented for sale as such. They account for about 15% of global production of raw dates. Dates consumed in bulk and those destined for processing are not included.

Dried Apricots 杏 / Orejón / Abricot Sec / Albicocca Secca / Getrocknete Aprikose / Kuru Kayisi

Turkey: Although the official 2020/2021 estimate had not As reported by the Aegean Exporters’ Association, from yet been released at the time of writing this report, according August 1, 2019 to June 20, 2020, exports added up to 91,037 to industry sources, production was expected to reach around MT (US$237.5 million), 3% below the same period the last 78,000 metric tons, down 22% compared to last year due to season. Whole dried apricots accounted for 85% of shipments some frosts at the end of April. while industrial and cut amounted to the remaining 8 and 7% respectively.

Estimated World Dried Apricot Production. Metric Tons 2019/2020 2020/2021 Country Beginning Ending Beginning Ending Stock Production Total Supply Stock Stock Production Total Supply Stock TURKEY* 15,000 100,000 115,000 20,000 20,000 78,000 98,000 n/a IRAN 3,300 26,300 29,600 3,000 3,000 25,000 28,000 n/a UZBEKISTAN 1,100 10,300 11,400 1,000 1,000 12,500 13,500 1,200 AFGHANISTAN 0 4,500 4,500 0 0 6,000 6,000 0 CHINA 0 5,700 5,700 0 0 5,900 5,900 0 USA 0 1,400 1,400 0 0 900 900 0 SOUTH AFRICA 0 1,650 1,650 0 0 750 750 0 OTHERS 3,000 30,000 33,000 3,000 3,000 30,200 33,200 3,000 WORLD TOTAL 22,400 179,850 202,250 27,000 27,000 159,250 186,250 4,200 WORLD CONSUMPTION (T. Supply - End. Stock) 175,250 182,050 Sources: Aegean Exporters Association, Iran Dried Fruit Exporters Association and other INC sources. *2020/2021 Turkish production forecast is an INC estimate, the official production estimate from the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry is not yet available.

80 July 2020 | NUTFRUIT Dried Cranberries 莓 / Arándano Rojo / Mirtillo Rosso / Keçiyemisi

U.S. sweetened dried cranberry production in 2020/2021 is forecasted 2% below 2019/20, while Canada and Chile are expected to be increased by 12% and 16% respectively. All in all, total production of sweetened dried cranberries for the 2020/2021 season is anticipated to remain within similar volumes to the last season. Estimated World Sweetened Dried Cranberry Production. Metric Tons 2019/2020 2020/2021 Country Beginning Ending Beginning Ending Stock Production Total Supply Stock Stock Production Total Supply Stock USA 5,740 161,745 167,485 5,267 5,267 157,975 163,242 5,876 CANADA 1,890 33,212 35,102 2,410 2,410 37,243 39,653 1,890 CHILE 450 10,030 10,480 310 310 11,678 11,988 246 WORLD TOTAL 8,080 204,987 213,067 7,987 7,987 206,896 214,883 8,012 WORLD CONSUMPTION (T. Supply - End. Stock) 205,080 206,871 Source: INC The cranberry crop is harvested in the fall. End of year statistics are measured as of August, 31. 2020/2021 represents the estimate of production and supply through August 31, 2021. Dried Figs 花果 / Higo Seco / Figue Sec / Fico Secco / Getrocknete Feige / Kuru Incir

Turkey: The 2020/2021 official estimate had not yet been released at the time of writing this report. However, according industry sources, production was anticipated to reach around 75,000 metric tons, down 15% from last year. As reported by the Aegean Exporters’ Association, from September 26, 2019 to June 20, 2020, total shipments amounted to 60,861 MT (US$ 212.5 million), up 18% from the same period last season. Whole dried figs accounted for 75% of the exports, followed by paste (16%), cut dried figs (7%) and other forms –scraps, roasted and others– (2%).

Estimated World Dried Fig Production. Metric Tons 2019/2020 2020/2021 Country Beginning Ending Beginning Ending Stock Production Total Supply Stock Stock Production Total Supply Stock TURKEY* 3,000 89,000 92,000 6,000 6,000 75,000 81,000 n/a IRAN 9,000 30,000 39,000 1,000 1,000 25,000 26,000 n/a USA 1,200 9,500 10,700 1,200 1,200 10,000 11,200 n/a SPAIN 0 7,000 7,000 0 0 7,000 7,000 n/a GREECE 0 5,200 5,200 0 0 6,500 6,500 n/a AFGHANISTAN 0 4,000 4,000 0 0 4,000 4,000 n/a ITALY 0 5,000 5,000 0 0 2,000 2,000 n/a OTHERS 0 6,000 6,000 0 0 5,900 5,900 n/a WORLD TOTAL 13,200 155,700 168,900 8,200 8,200 135,400 143,600 n/a WORLD CONSUMPTION (T, Supply - End, Stock) 160.700 143.600 Sources: Aegean Exporters' Association, Iran Dried Fruits Exporters Association, California Fig Advisory Board, Greek Nuts & Fruits Trade Association and other INC sources. *2020/2021 Turkish production forecast is an INC estimate, the official production estimate from the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry is not yet available. Prunes / Ciruela Seca / Pruneau / Prugna Secca / Backpflaume / Kuru Erik

USA: A lower than expected 2019/2020 crop and the primarily in export markets where shelter-in-place orders were early outlook for a smaller 2020/21 crop led California to most restrictive. Demand in some markets increased sharply, expect global supply and demand to be balanced or slightly sparked by consumers’ desire for shelf-stable, nutritious foods. undersupplied with slight pricing pressure up. The fruit in the orchards looked to be developing into the premium quality. The Chile: The 2020 production is anticipated to be the smallest COVID-19 pandemic created some distribution challenges, in the last 10 years, due to low temperatures, drought and loss of raw material to the fresh fruit market. Estimated World Prune Production. Metric Tons 2019/2020 2020/2021 Country Beginning Ending Beginning Ending Stock Production Total Supply Stock Stock Production Total Supply Stock USA 75,680 77,000 152,680 80,000 80,000 68,000 148,000 n/a CHILE 9,538 63,300 72,838 8,000 8,000 55,194 63,194 n/a FRANCE 48,000 40,000 88,000 50,000 50,000 40,000 90,000 n/a ARGENTINA 0 18,000 18,000 5,000 5,000 15,000 20,000 n/a SERBIA 0 5,000 5,000 0 0 3,500 3,500 n/a AUSTRALIA 826 3,028 3,854 0 0 2,000 2,000 n/a ITALY 480 1,830 2,310 0 0 1,200 1,200 n/a SOUTH AFRICA 0 600 600 0 0 800 800 n/a WORLD TOTAL 134,524 208,758 343,282 143,000 143,000 185,694 328,694 n/a WORLD CONSUMPTION (T. Supply - End. Stock) 200,282 328,694 Sources: California Prune Board, Chile Prunes Association and other INC sources.

July 2020 | NUTFRUIT 81 Statistical Review

Raisins, Sultanas & Currants 葡萄干 / Uva Pasa / Raisin Sec / Uvetta / Rosine / Kuru Üzüm

Turkey. The official 2020/2021 estimate from the Ministry finished by the beginning of May. From April onwards, sales of Agriculture had not yet been released at the time of writing started to rise. Prices dropped to $150-200/MT due to the this report. According to industry sources, production was COVID-19 impact, but started to recover by early May, at the expected to reach similar levels to 2019/20. expectation of a short crop. As per the Aegean Exporters’ Association reports, Chinese Sultanas used to be sold as by-products at low 2019/20 shipments to date (from September 1, 2019 to June prices. However, quality is higher now as factories improved both 20, 2020) amounted to 207,581 metric tons (US$429 million), their equipment and management. Therefore, more and more, only 4% below the same period last season. Accounting for local factories are starting to use Sultanas. By mid-May there around 80% of the country exports (165,512 MT), the European were no Sultanas stocks available, only green raisins were left. Union was the main market. South Africa. Production conditions were excellent for USA. Although the raisin growing region in California the larger production region, although the Eastern parts of experienced cooler than normal temperatures this spring, vines the Orange River area experienced crop damage due to frost looked healthy and were growing well. While rainfall was less and rainfall (5%-6% loss of total crop size). Carry over stock than normal this past winter, there should be adequate water to was lower than initially expected at the start of the 2020/21 produce this year’s crop. Production is expected to be slightly marketing season. The total crop size at the time of writing this smaller than in 2019 due to a reduction in producing acres and article was 76,260 MT of marketable product, from which 40% less crop per vine. were Thompson and 32% Golden and the remaining 28% was COVID-19 resulted in increased shipments during the distributed among other varieties. February-April time period due to higher demand from consumers Amidst COVID-19 circumstances, demand for South African and manufacturers alike. Shipments have since normalized but the raisins remained stable. Initial ‘lockdown’ restrictions led to anticipation is a smaller carryover than last season. uncertainty within the logistical chain, but was resolved within the following week. Both domestic and international demand Iran. The 2019/20 crop was updated to 150,000 MT. Exports have been very positive, with raisins offering consumers with –Golden and Thompson– added up to 96,000 MT. Domestic a product that is healthy and versatile in its use (snacking and consumption, estimated at 20,000 MT, was lower than usual due baking). Industry has been active in emphasizing the importance to the COVID-19 impact coincident with the New Year Festival of hygiene to mitigate risks related to COVID-19, both at grower (March/April), resulting in a stock of 34,000 MT composed of and processor levels. It is foreseen that action will continue over 24,000 MT of Sultanas and 10,000 MT of Goldens. the short- to medium term. All South African growers were compelled to be audited by China. This season’s crop is expected to be down by 10-15% the end of the 2020 harvest season, to comply with specific from 2019/20 due to a colder than anticipated winter and early drying standards, to advance product traceability, food safety spring, resulting in less fruits on the vines. and personal hygiene. Furthermore, in an effort to support As for sales, China’s lockdown of almost 2 months due the local rural communities, leading industry processors, to COVID-19 slowed down sales, hence bigger stocks were contributed to a Government food security initiative, organized available in the production area. However, at the same time, by the Social Development Department in collaboration with online sales were increased; thus, packers’ stocks were almost Raisins South Africa.

Estimated World Raisin / Sultana / Currant Production. Metric Tons 2019/2020 2020/2021 Country Beginning Ending Beginning Ending Stock Production Total Supply Stock Stock Production Total Supply Stock TURKEY* 10,000 305,000 315,000 15,000 15,000 300,000 315,000 n/a USA 127,000 229,000 356,000 120,000 120,000 220,000 340,000 110,000 IRAN 0 150,000 150,000 34,000 34,000 170,000 204,000 n/a INDIA 0 145,000 145,000 7,000 7,000 150,000 157,000 0 CHINA 10,000 150,000 160,000 10,000 10,000 135,000 145,000 n/a SOUTH AFRICA 14,000 76,422 90,422 17,500 17,500 77,190 94,690 10,000 UZBEKISTAN 0 85,000 85,000 0 0 70,000 70,000 0 CHILE 3,000 65,000 68,000 3,000 3,000 64,300 67,300 n/a ARGENTINA 0 32,000 32,000 1,800 1,800 43,000 44,800 n/a AFGHANISTAN 0 15,000 15,000 0 0 28,000 28,000 0 GREECE 0 25,000 25,000 0 0 22,000 22,000 0 AUSTRALIA 5,700 15,250 20,950 2,380 2,380 15,000 17,380 2,500 OTHERS 0 20,000 20,000 0 0 20,000 20,000 0 WORLD TOTAL 169,700 1,312,672 1,482,372 210,680 210,680 1,314,490 1,525,170 122,500 WORLD CONSUMPTION (T. Supply - End. Stock) 1,271,692 1,402,670 Sources: Aegean Exporters Association, Iran Dried Fruit Exporters Association, Raisins South Africa, Greek Nuts & Fruits Trade Association, USDA, Dried Fruits Australia, 2019 International Seedless Dried Grape Producing Countries Conference and other INC sources. *2020/2021 Turkish production forecast is an INC estimate, the official production estimate from the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry is not yet available.

82 July 2020 | NUTFRUIT Statistical Review

Special Report China, Hong Kong Trade Historical Series 2000-2019

Tree Nut Imports 2000-2019 (Metric Tons)

Pistachio 160,000 Almond 140,000 Macadamia Pecan 120,000 Hazel Nut 100,000 Cashew Walnut 80,000 Brazil Nut 60,000 40,000 20,000 0

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Pistachio Trade (Metric Tons)

Imports 120,000 Exports

80,000

5,635 40,000 4,882

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Jan-Apr

Almond Trade (Metric Tons)

160,000 Imports Exports

120,000

80,000

5,389 40,000 2,818

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Jan-Apr

Macadamia Trade (Metric Tons)

Imports 24,000 Exports

16,000

622 8,000 485

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Jan-Apr Source: Census and Statistics Department of Hong Kong SAR (shelled + in-shell).

July 2020 | NUTFRUIT 83 Statistical Review

Pecan Trade (Metric Tons)

60,000 Imports Exports

40,000 1,665 1,164 20,000

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Jan-Apr

Hazelnut Trade (Metric Tons)

24,000 Imports Exports 16,000

377 8,000 25 0

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Jan-Apr

Cashew Trade (Metric Tons)

6,000 Imports

4,000

484 2,000

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Jan-Apr

Walnut Trade (Metric Tons)

60,000 Imports Exports 40,000 380

20,000 37 0

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Jan-Apr

Brazil Nut Trade (Metric Tons)

6,000 Imports Exports 4,000

2,000 25 4 0

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Jan-Apr Source: Census and Statistics Department of Hong Kong SAR (shelled + in-shell).

84 July 2020 | NUTFRUIT

CMY

K Industry News

Almond Board of

California: Diversity of Almond Board of California Almond Varieties Needed for a Diversity of Uses

“In a perfect world, the best quality almond variety would be one that is self-compatible; pest resistant; high yielding; hulls well; cracks easily; can be blanched, sliced or roasted; tastes good and has all the phytonutrients for good health. In more than fifty years of almond breeding in California, we have not achieved this holy grail of an almond.” These were the opening remarks of Richard Waycott, ABC President and CEO, late last fall when ABC brought together growers, breeders, handlers and manufacturers to evaluate more than 60 almond varieties from the US, Australia, Spain and Israel.

Innovation to Speed Up Varietal Development for the Future ABC began funding almond varietal research in the early 1970s and expanded to rootstock development in the late 1980s. ABC is now developing a five-point plan of how it will coordinate with all industry sectors to find better varieties. To speed up evaluation, ABC will also increase the rate that new varieties are evaluated, allowing researchers to weed out the “winners” from the “losers” within the long-term regional versatile, high quality kernels to satisfy both ingredient and variety trials (RVT) done in conjunction with California snacking markets. To meet this need, ABC is soliciting input nurseries, to test the performance of new varieties in a semi- from growers, hullers/shellers, handlers and food companies commercial manner across diverse almond growing regions to inform public and private breeders on horticultural, and soil conditions. These test varieties are compared to processing and demand priorities. This guidance will provide standard varieties such as Nonpareil. a list of “priority” traits, such as self-compatibility, high yield, Providing Guidance to Create Value across the harvesting efficiency, more flavor as well as “desired” traits, Industry including disease resistance greater than Nonpareil. The multiple uses of different varieties and types of almonds has long been understood in the industry. Selling Almond as an Ingredient 2008 versus 2018 Category Share of Pure Almond Volume Estimated at 99 MM (Iri) into Japan? You’re shipping your best product –Nonpareil J-spec– for a consumer demographic that demands 2008 2018 perfection, a nut without blemishes. Sending a load to Germany for confectionary use? You’re likely shipping a variety that’s easy to blanch for marzipan and can easily be used for multiple purposes. Ultimately, different markets want different almonds. While handlers know these details well, for many years, California almond growers have bred almonds not with the end user as top of mind, but with a Total Snack Nuts, 37.9% Total Snack Nuts, 52.6% focus on their priorities. To ensure growing and evolving Candy, 19.1% Drinks, 18.7% Ice Cream & Novelties, 15.8% Chocolate, 8.9% demands, as show in the trend chart with changing usage Bars, 13.3% Bars, 6.4% from 2008 to 2018, the California industry needs varieties RTE Cereal, 12.9% Nuts & Seed Spreads, 5.7% Cookies & Biscotti, 0.8% Ice Cream, 4.5% that are both productive for growers but also provide Nuts & RTE Cereal, 3.2%

July 2020 | NUTFRUIT 87 Industry News

Long-Term Implications of COVID-19 for the Food Industry

JON KIMBLE Over the past 6 months, we have been through a lot together as an Senior Food Safety Manager, industry and as a global community. The COVID crisis has caused us to Safe Food Alliance rethink our priorities, with the realization that we are truly dependent upon each other. We should all be proud of the integrity, perseverance, and resilience we’ve displayed.

In ways we never have before, now is the time to reflect on valuable lessons we have learned, to help ensure that we are ready to face the next challenge. What has your company learned through this process? Has the management team captured these learnings and implemented program improvements? Does the team feel better prepared for the next crisis, whether the impact is to supply chain, employees, or something else unforeseen? This is a discussion we all should be having. Once the crisis began, our team at Safe Food Alliance clearly recognized the companies who proactively managed risk before the outbreak were better able to operate once COVID hit. Many food processors already had robust programs including visitor controls, cleaning and sanitation, employee hygiene, and supply chain controls. Their level of preparedness made them more effective in following CDC guidelines and apply more stringent practices called for by COVID-19. This crisis will continue to serve as an example we can use to illustrate to employees the “why” behind our programs. Let’s face it, we can all stand to be reminded now and again of our role and our responsibility in the food supply and why it’s so important to maintain the highest hygiene standards each and every day. Ultimately, we need to take advantage of every opportunity to better ourselves as an industry. What does the next stage look like for your team? Perhaps companies will discover they need to reconsider traffic patterns and workstation placement, review supply chain management, refine visitor controls, or work in discrete crews to limit risk. At the end of the day, this experience has been eye-opening for all of us. To beat the next wave, we must all work together to create safe food.

88 July 2020 | NUTFRUIT Industry News

The Power of Three

During February, the California Walnut Commission enacted its first global marketing campaign titled “the Power of 3” to increase awareness of how California walnuts can easily fit into daily eating and may improve overall wellness.

The campaign was designed for consumers to learn that Omega-3 is good for your Social media and influencer heart and that walnuts are high in plant-based Omega-3 ALA (2.5g/oz or 2.7g/30g outreach were complemented serving). To reap the benefits and start a new habit, consumers need to eat at least with recipes and wellness articles 3 handfuls of walnuts per week and share the news about walnuts and omega-3 in mainstream media cross India. ALA with at least 3 other people. Sumptuous desserts were sampled The campaign was supported by a global landing page, an engaging video, and at one of the most popular dessert a global press announcement followed by activities in each market reaching more festivals with acclaimed home chefs than 1 billion. Launched simultaneously across several countries, each nation demonstrating 3 easy-to-make brought it to life in their own unique way. desserts with walnuts as the core In the U.S., a blog series focused on 3 ways to show yourself some love ingredient. Koreans participated in February and 3 simple ways to eat heart healthy with recipes for culinary through Facebook and Instagram inspiration. Locals and tourists in London rode in one of the many Power of 3 by tagging 3 friends letting them branded taxis running around the city. know about the benefits of walnuts’ German consumers watched engaging cooking videos and sampled California Omega-3. An Instagram photo contest walnuts at participating retailers. A cooking show in Madrid, Spain was led by a in Japan included different ways former MasterChef contestant and an influencer contest generated recipes that consumers enjoyed walnuts. During could be put together in just 3 steps. the campaign, Tully’s Coffee, the 4th largest coffee chain in Japan launched a new menu with three walnut laden dishes including a “Tuna Cheddar Walnut Toast”. Celebrity Influencers in Turkey and the UAE shared posts and InstaStories about the health benefits of walnuts and how to easily incorporate them into daily life. Chef Ammar Al Ekili conducted a live cooking demonstration at the Dubai Food Festival. The 2020 campaign reached millions of people around the world letting them know that walnuts should be a part of their daily diet and in 2021, the CWC looks forward to the “Power of 3” campaign reaching even more.

July 2020 | NUTFRUIT 89 90 July 2020 | NUTFRUIT Industry News

New Analysis Shows U.S. Grown Pistachios are a “Complete Protein” for Those Over Five Years of Age

U.S. grown roasted pistachios meet the generally accepted definition as a “complete protein,” meaning they join the ranks of a small number of plant proteins such as quinoa, chickpeas, and soybeans that have become popular among vegetarians and consumers who wish to move away from animal proteins. The finding was announced to pistachio growers at the American Pistachio Growers Annual Conference in Monterey, California on March 3, 2020.

The protein quality of U.S. grown pistachios was assessed for the first time at the Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign.1 The researchers conducted the Protein Digestibility Corrected Amino Acid Score (PDCAAS), which tests protein quality and includes its digestibility and amino acid profile, the building blocks of protein. The research determined a one-ounce serving (28g) of pistachios can bear the nutrient content claim of being a Pistachios join quinoa and soy as an “good source” of protein on retail packaging by meeting the alternative for animal proteins. U.S. Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA) labeling guidance of providing more than 10 percent of the daily value of protein Nearly all complete proteins come from meat, fish, eggs, (50 grams in the U.S.). and dairy products. Soy is a plant-based protein cited by the FDA defines a complete protein as a food that contains FDA as a complete protein. “Amino acids are the 20 building “all of the essential amino acids in adequate amounts.”2 The blocks of protein but nine ‘essential’ amino acids are not analysis also determined the levels of the nine essential amino produced by the human body, so they must be obtained in acids, which are not made by the body and must be obtained food,” explained Dr. Arianna Carughi, Science Advisor to in food, are in adequate amounts to meet the FDA’s definition American Pistachio Growers, the trade association for the of a complete protein for people over 5 years of age. Roasted U.S. pistachio industry. “The vast majority of plant-based pistachios have a PDCAAS of 81, which indicates it has 81 foods are ‘incomplete’ proteins, as they are deficient or low percent of the protein value of casein, an animal protein, which in an essential amino acid; however, combining two complete is considered ideal. proteins at once, or within a day, creates a complete protein. “While we’ve always known nuts contain protein, we now Now that we know the PDCAAS of roasted pistachios, they know roasted pistachios, with all nine amino acids in these can be considered a complete protein source for those who amounts, are a complete protein,” said Nigel Mitchell, BSC, are over five years old.” MSC, RD, author of The Plant Based Cyclist and nutritionist for U.S. grown pistachios, a completely good source multiple pro and British national sports teams. “This is great of protein! Read more about what the experts say at news, especially for active adults and athletes who would AmericanPistachios.org. want a complete protein that’s portable and doesn’t require cooking. As such, roasted pistachios usefully contribute to 1. Bailey, H. M., & Stein, H. H. (2020). Raw and roasted pistachio nuts (Pistacia vera the varied and balanced diet and healthy lifestyle that’s so L) are “Good” sources of protein based on their digestible indispensable amino acid score (DIAAS) as determined in pigs. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. important for good health.” In Europe, pistachios meet the https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.10429 threshold for a source of protein. 2. AmericanPistachios.org/FDA

July 2020 | NUTFRUIT 91 Industry News

California Prunes: Taking a Virtual Approach

information, the California Prune Board established a virtual Wellness Hub containing engaging content such as a downloadable “Prunes For Life” digital nutrition guide, a video highlighting surprising California Prune facts, recipe ideas, and other shareable content to build awareness among registered California Prunes Wellness Hub brings dietitians (RDs) and nutritionists. shareable nutrition “Nutrition communications is a core information to your fingertips tenant of our programs. That is why we created the California Prunes Wellness Hub,” noted Kiaran Locy. “The California Prunes Wellness Hub translates our This spring brought about more change than usual for all. With that research on gut and bone health into change came an opportunity for innovation, and even some digital practical, usable nutrition tips anyone reinvention for California Prunes. can use. RDs and nutritionists are the influencers that help amplify those Food and agriculture has never been As scheduled nutrition events messages and share how great California more important, and together California including the California Academy Prunes are for your life, at every stage of Prune growers, processors, and other of Nutrition and Dietetics Annual your life.” industry stakeholders, stood together Conference and Today’s Dietitian Spring California Prunes has also capitalized to continue nourishing our communities Symposium pivoted to virtual events, on digital tools, including refinements to around the globe. The rate of change California Prunes quickly adapted. the website and social media channels, accelerated dramatically amid the global Leveraging digital activations such as that provide useful information pandemic and in response, the California newsletters, social media integration and to consumers wherever they are. Prune Board took a virtual approach webinar-based speaking opportunities, CaliforniaPrunes.org is optimized for to stay nimble while providing timely California Prunes was able to interact mobile or desktop viewing and built to information and industry resources to with hundreds of nutrition professionals integrate into social platforms. New bridge continuity and prepare for the –even more than if the conferences were imagery provides fresh content for future. held in-person. social media channels driven by visuals Industry communications became To round out these digital nutrition such as Instagram and Pinterest, leading job number one as the novel Coronavirus engagements and create an evergreen users back to the website, for additional spread across the planet and California destination for California Prunes health opportunities to educate and engage. entered a statewide lockdown. With an influx of headlines and new information each week, the California Prune Board created a COVID-19 Resource Center with the latest information from reliable sources about the best safety practices and financial assistance options available. “Our industry is like family and we want to equip them with what they need, including up-to-date information and relevant news to support their operations and employees during this unprecedented time,” said Kiaran Locy, Director of Brand and Industry Communication for the California Prune Stylized grazing boards like this one featuring California Prunes have become popular on social media Board. offering an aesthetically pleasing visual and inspiration for use

92 July 2020 | NUTFRUIT Industry News

News from the By Maureen Ternus, M.S., R.D. INC NREF INC Nutrition ResearchExecutive Director & Education Foundation (INC NREF)

MAUREEN TERNUS, M.S., R.D.N Executive Director

During these strange times, many activities and projects have been put on hold or slowed down a bit. Below is an update on some INC NREF projects:

Dietary Guidelines The 2020 U.S. Dietary Guidelines (DG), which serve as the foundation for nutrition policy in the U.S., have been delayed, but the draft report is scheduled to be released in June. INC NREF submitted both oral and written comments to the Dietary

Research INC NREF currently has three studies underway:

Nuts and Weight Researchers at UCLA are looking at the effect of tree nut consumption (1.5 ounces) on both weight maintenance and weight loss in men and women. Dr. Zhaoping Li is hoping to complete the study in 2020, with publication in 2021.

MIND Diet Study This study is looking at the effect of a diet including nuts, blueberries, and olive oil on cognition. The five-year trial is currently in its fourth year at Harvard and Rush University in ©INC Nutrition Research and Education Foundation Chicago.

Nuts and Metabolic Syndrome Researchers at Vanderbilt University in Tennessee are studying the effect of tree nuts on metabolic syndrome in millennials (adults who are currently 24-39 years of age). This is year one of a two-year study.

Social Media INC NREF will be updating its website over the next few months to make it look and feel more like the new social media campaign. New visuals and graphics (see images) have been added to the social media platforms on Facebook, Instagram, Pinterest and Twitter. With so many people spending more ©INC Nutrition Research and Education Foundation time at home, this is a great way to showcase the health benefits of nuts. To easily access INC NREF’s social media, For more information on any project, please contact Maureen Ternus at: simply visit the home page on www.nuthealth.org. [email protected].

July 2020 | NUTFRUIT 93 Industry News

Nucis Italia and the Campaign with Wellbeing at its Heart

During the difficult times we’re living in, marketing activities that offer a useful service are all the more appreciated, and the Nucis Italia campaign is one such example.

With the current health emergency forcing us to eat most of our meals at home, these months spent in quarantine have led us to pay greater attention to what we’re buying and made us more likely to choose foods that are good for our health –those which seem more natural and wholesome. In this regard, the Nucis 2019-2020 communications campaign “Nuts and nutrition system” has continued with even more momentum that, now more than ever, it’s important to raise awareness of the importance of a healthy lifestyle and balanced diet. The beginning of the second half of the campaign saw an explosive number of doctors requesting Nucis communication materials. This success demonstrates the effectiveness of the campaign targeting the scientific community. The communications program includes newsletters, a dedicated doctors’ area on the Nucisitalia.it website, web and social media content on nutrition, and information sent to GP surgeons. With a total of 2,533 information packs sent, it has been quite successful. In March 2020, the Nucis supermarket campaign was launched, with the aim of informing consumers of the benefits of different types of nuts and dried fruits at the point of purchase. This year the campaign ran in 1,226 stores of a leading Italian supermarket chain, Conad, and a further 451 stores split across Carrefour, Il Gigante and Todis, giving a total of 1,677 sales points. The Nucis campaign has also been extremely well-received on social media channels, namely Facebook and Instagram. The public health emergency has played a significant role in this by driving people towards digital media. On Facebook, some posts attracted more than 2,000 likes, the highest total ever achieved on the page, and the number of followers has exceeded 37,100. Nucis content has trended on Instagram, rapidly extending the fanbase which in just a few months has reached a total of 2,400 followers, with an extremely high engagement rate of over 12% (on this platform, an engagement rate of 3% is considered very good). Contributing to this success has been a group of 15 Nucis food influencers and a nutritional influencer who, by sharing content on dried fruit and nuts, achieved a total of over 860,000 views. This year, Nucis has extended its reach to the “food system”, building relationships with key stakeholders in the food sector to introduce them to the principles at the heart of the organization: consumer wellbeing and the benefits of the regular consumption of dried fruit and nuts. The Nucis message has enjoyed a positive response from retailers, independent organizations and research bodies, opening potential opportunities for collaboration. Finally, the press office activity continues at full pace to promote information on the world of dried fruit and nuts to the national papers. The six press releases issued this year have secured coverage in over 80 publications; a positive result built on providing clear, reliable information that’s never trivial.

94 July 2020 | NUTFRUIT Industry News

Nuts for Life Report

Australian Health Survey On the day of publication (March 10, 2020), we distributed media releases to wider Re-Analysis - Media mainstream news media including additional online news outlets, regional publications Campaign Success and radio programs. The radio release was issued with grabs downloaded and used In the November edition of Nutfruit, nationally. We also worked with journalists to create a national health story that ran in we shared the results of the research print across five News Corp metropolitan papers and was also syndicated to 14 metro undertaken by the University of and regional online news sites. Wollongong to re-analyse Australian Healthy Survey data. The results Media Campaign - Results provided new insights into what we know To date, the campaign has created more than 11.1 million opportunities to see, at a and understand of nut consumption very efficient 0.5 cent per opportunity. This is particularly impressive as the launch among Australians –showing that date coincided with massive growth in COVID-19 stories, essentially obliterating all the mean intake was just 4.6g a day, other health or major news. with only 2% meeting the 30g target. Consistent with the scientific literature, The media campaign created over 11 million nut consumption was not associated opportunities to see, via 299 media clips. with higher weight, BMI or waist circumference. Key highlights include: The results provided proof that Australians are a long way off meeting the suggested daily target for nut intake and are consequently missing out on the significant health benefits.

Disseminating the Research Findings - Media Campaign With a grant from the INC, we’ve been disseminating these results over the past several months. Our final dissemination activity was a mainstream media launch to coincide with the study’s publication in Public Health Nutrition. The objective of • 8 national television coverage • Radio talkback interviews in all the activity was to amplify key messages stories including Sunrise, Weekend 5 states and 200+ radio news on nut consumption and their health Sunrise and Channel 9 News. stories. benefits to health professionals and • 5 print newspaper stories including • Strong support from leading media consumers. The Daily Telegraph, Courier Mail dietitians, such as Dr. Joanna A publication date was established and The Advertiser. McMillan and Kathleen Alleaume, with the editor of Public Health Nutrition, both at the breakfast launch event • Online syndication across 34 metro allowing media materials to be prepared and at the time of publication. in advance. This enabled embargoed and regional News Corp news media pitching to be undertaken, sites. including outreach to key national print media, breakfast TV and radio talkbacks, as well providing updates to key media At the time of preparing this article, lifestyle pitching is still generating coverage dietitians, who were briefed as part of a with a further four stories still expected to be published, generating an estimated previous event. Tailored emails with links additional 1.9 million opportunities to see. to the published paper and summary report were sent to an additional 150 health professionals, including key public For further information on these activities contact: health authorities, NGOs, academics, Belinda Neville, Program Manager: [email protected] dietitians, and nutritionists. Claudia Higgins, Marketing Manager: [email protected]

July 2020 | NUTFRUIT 95 Industry News

National Pecan Shellers Association Hosts Panel on New Pasteurization Technologies

Since tree nuts are naturally exposed to a variety of microorganisms in the orchard and during harvest, for shellers and processors, there is a critical responsibility to ensure the product that reaches consumers is safe. The National Pecan Shellers Association (NPSA), a U.S.-based trade group, is committed to food safety and helping its members be aware of different sanitation offerings in today’s marketplace.

Miriam Villen-Rodriguez, Horticulture some minor micro concentration after mist of an oxidant solution to the surface Technical Coordinator at Stahmann the process is completed, and the of the nuts and produces a validated Farms, organized and hosted a panel product is then kept at high moisture 5-log reduction of harmful pathogens. of industry experts at the 2019 NPSA for a considerable period of time, the The cold process allows maintaining the Annual Meeting in Nashville, TN to microorganism population will increase germination ability of the product. The discuss the future of nut pasteurization exponentially and presents a risk of cross organic process is approved by the U.S. and some of the different technologies contamination. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), available. This is where new and emerging U.S. Environmental Protection Agency According to Villen-Rodriguez, technologies can come into play; (EPA) and Health Canada as a processing “Because nuts are high in fat content, different systems and processes have aid, meaning the solution completely they are naturally susceptible to major now been developed to increase the degrades post-pasteurization and quality changes during pasteurization. water activity during the pasteurization requires no product labeling. For instance, pecans tend to darken process without adding moisture to the Other heat based continuous when treated in wet conditions and kernel, while at the same time reducing processes include Laitram CoolSteam® conventional heat and water systems the temperature required to achieve the that preconditions the nuts with mild not only darken the skin of the pecan, killing or to avoid water-usage altogether. dry heat before a short-term exposure they tint the interior as well, making The three participants at the NPSA’s to steam, and a final dry heat flash to the creamy kernel look darker and thus pasteurization panel, Napasol, Agri-Neo remove surface moisture before a giving a ‘stale’ appearance. The moisture and Log5 proposed different types of cooling step. Thermal processes are also that facilitates the heat transfer needed technologies. offered by JBT, Revtech, and Krayenborg to successfully inactivate pathogens with Napasol uses dry saturated steam each one with specific technological heat must be controlled to avoid these applied in a partial vacuum allowing a high features developed by the vendors but changes.” microbiological reduction without any all based on heat to achieve the desired moisture pickup. The product is loaded microbiological reduction. “The pecan shelling industry in bins which are automatically moved is committed to exploring the through a preheating section, then into latest food safety technology in the pasteurization chamber and off to a cooling platform. No drying is necessary. order to bring safe products to The Log5 process exposes the flow market worldwide,” said NPSA of product to a stream of hot moist air. executive director Jon Krueger. The product travels down a vertical tower while being exposed to hot moist air, and Currently, some processors is subsequently cooled in another tower condition pecans in-shell within a hot- with a flow of cooled air. The process

water bath as a method of 4-log or 5. The delivers >5log reduction in pathogens For more information about the National Pecan problem with having the conditioning without needing any drying. Shellers Association, visit the website at www.ilovepecans.org or email us at as a killing step is that it occurs right Neo-pure is a chemical [email protected]. And follow us on at the start of the process. If there is pasteurization process that applies a Facebook at iLovePecans.

96 July 2020 | NUTFRUIT Industry News

Chilean Walnut Information 2.0

The trade association that represents Chile’s walnut new, more user-friendly website conceived by a Marketing growers and exporters will be unveiling a new website Committee. There will also be a mailing list open to all and improving reports for harvests, shipments, quality subscribers and many activities to bolster social media like and forecasts, among others. Twitter, Instagram, YouTube, Facebook, and LinkedIn. Chilenut’s shipment report has been posted on the website for over a year and clients have always shown great interest In April, the Chilean Association of Walnut Growers and in this information. Today, the objective is reaching all of the Exporters renewed its board of directors and elected Edmundo markets that Chile is currently trading in. This report is published Valderrama as their new chairman. Mr. Valderrama intends to during the first ten days of every month, providing readers with leave his mark on the trade association by focusing on Chile’s all of the data pertaining to the previous month in terms of relationship with the global industry and the information the exported volume, product type and destination markets. country provides to the sector, all in order to improve decision Over the past few years, Chile has become the number making and create a more transparent industry. one walnut exporter of the Southern Hemisphere and number Chilenut’s main goal in this new phase is to generate and two worldwide; therefore, the country’s role is becoming more disseminate market information during crucial periods, like and more relevant in the international arena. In that sense, it harvesting and shipping season. Data pertaining to production would be beneficial for the industry to foster a balanced output forecasts, fruit quality reports, and export destinations will of information, both for the national and international sector. help develop markets and aid in informed decision making. It is highly important to make statistics available to everyone, In order to construct all of this information, the trade and the work that has been done over the past few years has association created the Information and Reports Committee, been aimed precisely in that direction. Today, the objective which will be in charge of compiling and preparing stats that is to strengthen and improve content and communication will be released to all interested stakeholders through a channels.

July 2020 | NUTFRUIT 97 Advertisers List

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98 July 2020 | NUTFRUIT

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