Edition 76. Nº 1 MARCH 2019

XXXVIII INC CONGRESS BOCA RATON WILL EMBRACE THE NUT AND DRIED INDUSTRY May 23-25, 2019 Boca Raton, Florida Page 46

INC ACADEMIA: NUTS FOR A HEALTHIER SECOND EDITION OF THE WORLD JOIN FORCES EXECUTIVE PROGRAM ON WITH SAVE THE CHILDREN NUTS AND DRIED Page 62 Page 55

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MARCH 2019 Edition 76 Nº 1 INTERNATIONAL NUT AND COUNCIL FOUNDATION BUSINESS NEWS 8 BOARD OF TRUSTEES • Mondelez International launches SnackFutures™ Innovation Hub to lead the future of snacking Mark Mariani - Chairman ™ Mariani Packing Company, USA • Sustainability-minded corporations come together to announce new convenient and waste free shopping platform: Loop Michael Waring - 1st Vice Chairman • Unilever acquires graze MWT Foods, Australia • Lindor develops 4-in-1 processing machine for caramelized dried fruit flakes Pino Calcagni - 2nd Vice Chairman Besana Group, Asadollah Asgaroladi Hassas Export Co. Ltd., GOURMET 16 Bill Carriere Carriere Family Farms, USA • Chef Leonor Espinosa. Restaurante Leo, Bogotá (Colombia) Karsten Dankert Max Kiene GmbH, Germany Joan Fortuny FEATURE ARTICLES 24 Borges Agricultural & Industrial Nuts (BAIN), Spain Giles Hacking CG Hacking & Sons Limited, UK • Communicating the protein content of plant-based foods. Opportunities and challenges Cheng Hung Kay • The digitalization of trade CHK Trading Co. Ltd., , Hong Kong • A new therapeutic vaccine to cure peanut allergy. Re-educating the immune system to be peanut tolerant in 4 weeks Mark Jansen • Nuts: An opportunity to fight child malnutrition Blue Diamond Growers, USA Zhou Jinkui Fen Yang Reell Food Co. Ltd., China Ashok Krishen A CHAT WITH THE INDUSTRY 34 Olam International Limited, Singapore Jack Mariani • Daniel Whitehouse, Global Category Director - Nuts, Mars Wrigley Confectionery Mariani Nut Company, USA Stephen Meltzer Balcorp Ltd., Canada HEALTH NEWS 36 Russell Mooney Intersnack Procurement B.V., Netherlands • The role of nuts in adiposity and prevention Pratap Nair Vijayalaxmi Cashew Company, India • Interview with Dr. Mònica Bulló, Principal Investigator, FERTINUTS Study Osman Oz Aegean Exporters Associations, Antonio Pont - Honorary President INC CONGRESS 46 Borges Agricultural & Industrial Nuts (BAIN), Spain Hasan Sabir • A stimulating three-day program to explore, debate and exchange ideas Sabirlar Findik Ihracat Ltd. Sti., Turkey • INC Awards the best contributions to the nut and dried fruit industry Harry Sinclair • Connect with 1,300+ industry leaders through the Online Meeting Point Treehouse Foods, USA Berton Steir The Wonderful Company, USA Dick Walden INC NEWS 55 The Green Valley Pecan, USA Chen Ying • INC Academia: Where industry leaders are shaped China Chamber of Commerce, China • INC Pavilion Gulfood 2019: The international nut and dried fruit’s industry spotlight Cuneyd Zapsu • Nuts for a Healthier World: The final phase Balsu A.S., Turkey • INC launches the Allergens Toolkit EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE • INC Executive Committee Meeting • INC Contract Mark Mariani Chairman Michael Waring 1st Vice Chairman • 2018 RASFF alerts for nuts and dried fruits Pino Calcagni 2nd Vice Chairman • Reus 1976: The First International Almond and Hazelnut Congress Giles Hacking Board Member Ashok Krishen Board Member Jack Mariani Board Member INDUSTRY NEWS 88 Antonio Pont Board Member Berton Steir Board Member • Almond Orchard 2025 Goals: A commitment to continuous improvement Cuneyd Zapsu Board Member • Walnuts International Program Roundup Goretti Guasch Secretary General and Executive Director • Plant-based is here to stay • Pistachios satisfy consumer appetites for plant-based protein NUTFRUIT MAGAZINE TEAM • Pecan Chefs Summit series educates global foodservice R&D chefs Goretti Guasch Executive Director • California Board partners with professionals to drive global demand for California [email protected] • Key changes to the new BRC Issue 8 Núria Jacas Production Editor • The top 18 macadamia product innovations of 2018 [email protected] • Healthy eating is at the heart of the new Nucis Italia promotional campaign Irene Gironès Technical and Statistical Editor [email protected] • Nucis Germany deliberates on communication: How to address nutrition professionals directly? Marc Centelles Advertising and Subscription Sales • Chilenut reorganizes the nut industry [email protected]

INC HEADQUARTERS Carrer de la Fruita Seca, 4 Global Statistical Legal Update 19 Review 71 Advertisers list 102 Polígon Tecnoparc, 43204 Reus, Spain Tel: +34 977 331 416 The Nutfruit magazine is published three times a year by the International Nut and Dried Fruit Council - INC (Fundació Privada International Nut and Dried Fruit CIF G-43738475). This magazine, including all articles and illustrations, is copyright protected. Any utilization beyond the light limits set by the Copyright Act is subject to publisher’s approval. Email: [email protected] All the trademarks, brand identities and graphic images shown in this publication are the property of their respective owners. While the publishers believe that all information contained in this publication was correct at the time of going to press, they can accept no liability for any inaccuracies that www.nutfruit.org may appear or loss suffered directly or indirectly by any reader as a result of any advertisement, editorial, photographs or other materials published in the Nutfruit magazine.

March 2019 | NUTFRUIT 5

INC Foreword

BOCA RATON AWAITS US! Mark A. Mariani INC Chairman

e are looking forward to the INC XXXVIII World Nut and Dried Fruit Congress May 23-25. The Boca Raton Resort & Club, voted one of the top ten resorts in USA, will play host to all the event’s sessions Wand evening social experiences. It has been a year since the launch of the INC Academia - the Executive Program on Nuts and Dried Fruit- and we can proudly say that all expectations were exceeded. This year, tireless work has been undertaken to surpass the first edition and provide students with videos, making the course more dynamic. The on-site part of the program will take students May 18-21 to California to have an enriching experience of visiting the orchards and factories of leading companies of the sector, as well as participating in case studies discussions at the # 1 College of Agriculture in the world, UC Davis.

We recently returned from Gulfood Dubai. The INC Pavilion, the largest ever to feature in the , hosted 15 co-exhibitors and is fast becoming the trading hub for our industry. After spending five days there, Gulfood was without a doubt an inspiring vision of what our industry has in store.

Lastly, I would like to highlight the results of the INC dissemination project Nuts for a Healthier World where the main video of the campaign presented in Seville congress, along with the 16 nut and dried fruit interviews, obtained over 1.1 million views including Facebook and Instagram, and more than 43,000 shares which have expanded visibility to a total reach of more than 43 million people. Save The Children was the NGO chosen to channel the donations.

I wish you good harvests, good selling, and a continuing dedication to improving people’s lives!

All my best,

March 2019 | NUTFRUIT 7 Business News MONDELĒZ INTERNATIONAL LAUNCHES SNACKFUTURES™ INNOVATION HUB TO LEAD THE FUTURE OF SNACKING SnackFutures is meant to be a forward-thinking innovation hub to capitalize on changing consumer trends and emerging growth opportunities in snacking around the world. NACKFUTURES will be uniquely businesses. Mondelez International is targeting a new forward-thinking innovation hub, structured to bring together internal SnackFutures to contribute $100 million to to capitalize on new trends, and mobilize Stalent, an ecosystem of external revenue growth by 2022. entrepreneurial talent and technologies to partnerships and dedicated funding across “Discovering and unleashing innovative build and grow small brands with large-scale three integrated mandates: Invention of new ideas in snacking that will delight consumers potential. SnackFutures will unlock snacking brands and businesses in key strategic areas; and drive growth is a key element of our growth opportunities around the world that Reinvention of small-scale Mondelez brands new strategy,” said Tim Cofer, Executive Vice respond to emerging trends and changing with large-scale potential, and; Venturing President and Chief Growth Officer of Mondelez consumer preferences.” with start-up entrepreneurs to seed new International. “We are launching SnackFutures,

GENERAL MILLS RECOGNIZED AS GLOBAL LEADER IN CORPORATE SUSTAINABILITY General Mills joins an elite group to receive an “A” grade for both climate change and water security by global non-profit CDP. ENERAL MILLS has been recognized as a global leader in and their demonstration of best practices associated with environmental corporate sustainability by environmental impact non-profit leadership, such as setting ambitious and meaningful targets. GCDP (formerly the Carbon Disclosure Project) achieving a General Mills has been recognized for its actions to respond to place on the CDP “A List” for both climate change and water security climate change and manage water resources more sustainably, based -two out of three environmental themes covered by CDP scores. General on its 2018 disclosure to CDP. In 2017, the company was named to Mills is one of only two companies in the food sector around the globe to CDPs Climate A-List, Supplier Engagement Leader Board, Supplier receive a score of “A” in both Climate Change and Water Security. Climate A-List. The latest results mark the inception of General Mills CDP assesses companies on the comprehensiveness of their recognition for progress in both water security and climate change. disclosure, their awareness and management of environmental risks

TOMRA CEO WINS PRESTIGIOUS EUROPEAN BUSINESS LEADERS AWARD

European CEO Awards. Organized by international leader in reverse vending technology and sensor- business magazine, European CEO, the awards based sorting solutions for the food, recycling and featured 41 other business leaders including the mining industries. president of car manufacturer SEAT. According to the publication, “each year “It’s a great honor to have received this European CEO counts down the top 100 accolade. This is testament to the whole companies and business leaders, looking company and recognizes the dedication specifically for examples of strong strategy and TOMRA President and CEO Stefan Ranstrand, pictured here of TOMRA’s people.” participating as a panelist at The Economist’s Sustainability commitment to corporate governance.” Summit 2018 in Kuala Lumpur. © TOMRA 2019 Stefan is currently enjoying his tenth year Accepting the award, Stefan added: “It’s a OMRA'S president and CEO, as TOMRA president and CEO, following his great honor to have received this accolade. This is Stefan Ranstrand, has achieved an appointment in August 2009. During his time testament to the whole company and recognizes Tinternational accolade in recognition at the helm, he has led the business on a the dedication of TOMRA’s people. The past year of his leadership and corporate strategy. Stefan transformational journey from a loose collection has been our most successful to date, reaffirming was named "best CEO in the sustainable resource of entities into one strong and unified brand. our status as a sustainability leader and spearhead management industry" in the prestigious TOMRA is now globally recognized as the world of the resource revolution.

8 March 2019 | NUTFRUIT Business News SUSTAINABILITY-MINDED CORPORATIONS ANNOUNCE NEW WASTE FREE SHOPPING PLATFORM: LOOP™ Procter & Gamble, Nestlé, PepsiCo, Unilever, Mars Petcare, Coca-Cola European Partners, Mondelēz International, Danone, Nature’s Path and Reinberger Nut Butter, among the founders. COALITION OF THE LARGEST CONSUMER PRODUCT TerraCycle and consumer product companies Procter & Gamble, Nestlé, COMPANIES, along with international recycling leader PepsiCo, Unilever, Mars Petcare, The Clorox Company, The Body Shop, ATerraCycle, unveiled a global, first-of-its-kind, shopping system Coca-Cola European Partners, Mondelez International, Danone, Jacobs called Loop™. The initiative was designed to change the world’s reliance on Douwe Egberts, Lesieur, BIC, Beiersdorf, RB, People Against Dirty, Nature’s single use packaging, offer a convenient and enhanced circular solution to Path, Thousand Fell, Greenhouse, Grilliance, Burlap & Barrel Single Origin consumers, while securing meaningful environmental benefits. Announced Spices, Reinberger Nut Butter, CoZie and Preserve. at the World Economic Forum’s Annual Meeting, Loop will enable Additional partners are leading food retailer Carrefour as the founding consumers to responsibly consume a variety of products in customized, retailer and the first to believe in Loop’s model, with leading UK retailer brand-specific durable packaging that is collected, cleaned, refilled and Tesco to pilot Loop in the UK later in the year, primary logistics and reused. The content, if recoverable, will be either recycled or reused. transportation company UPS and sustainable resource management The idea for Loop was founded at the World Economic Forum by company Suez. The platform will launch in Paris and New York in spring.

THE BESANA GROUP, FINALIST OF THE CERIF STUDY ON FAMILY COMPANIES

HE BESANA GROUP has been selected as one of the 5 finalist companies for the category 'Internationalization' at the Awards Ceremony 2018 organized by the Family TBusiness Research Center Association (CERIF). For many years, CERIF has studied merits, trade-financial trends, turnover development and characteristics of family-owned companies, with particular attention to the challenges to be faced and the various phases of the generational transition. With this award, the Besana Group is counted among one of the most profiled family-managed in Italy. Both the President of the Besana Group, Giuseppe (Pino) Calcagni, and his son Riccardo, respectively the third and fourth generation of the centenary history of Besana, were present in the event. In addition to Riccardo, his sister Vittoria Calcagni is also part of the actual Group Management. Mr. Pino Calcagni is Vice Chairman and Chairman of the Scientific and Government Affairs Committee and Statistics Committee of the INC. Pino Calcagni with Riccardo and Vittoria. © Besana 2018

March 2019 | NUTFRUIT 9 Business News UNILEVER ACQUIRES GRAZE

Founded in 2008, graze’s purpose is to put excitement into healthy snacking, providing a range of snacking nuts, seeds, trail mixes and bars, with no artificial ingredients.

AVING STARTED WITH A SNACK BOX DELIVERY SERVICE, packaging. A truly multichannel brand, graze offers personalization, graze is now the UK’s leading healthy snacking brand with convenience and great nutrition, brilliantly meeting the needs of Hproducts available via retail stores, ecommerce and direct millennial consumers. to consumer. With a broad portfolio of healthy snack products, graze “Accelerating our presence in healthy foods and out of home this is accelerates Unilever’s presence in the fast-growing healthy snacking and an excellent strategic fit for the Unilever Food & Refreshment business, out of home markets. and a wonderful addition to our stable of purpose driven brands. We look Nitin Paranjpe, President of Unilever’s Food & Refreshment business forward to working with the graze team to grow the business, leveraging said: “graze is the leading healthy snacking brand in the UK -delivering their tech and ecommerce expertise for our wider portfolio, and offering consumers fabulously tasty snacking options, delivered in beautiful more consumers the opportunity to snack in a healthier way.”

UNILEVER CEO ANNOUNCEMENT: PAUL POLMAN TO RETIRE; ALAN JOPE APPOINTED AS SUCCESSOR

Alan Jope, currently President, Beauty & Personal Care, has been appointed to the position, effective 1 January 2019, with Polman supporting the transition process during the first half of the year.

AUL POLMAN has been Unilever CEO for over 10 years and has worked in the consumer Its focus on successfully pioneering goods industry for almost four decades. During his tenure, the company has delivered a new model of sustainable growth Pconsistent top and bottom line growth ahead of its markets. has served the needs of its many Alan Jope, 54, has led Beauty & Personal Care, Unilever’s largest Division, since 2014 and stakeholders and created excellent has been on the company’s Leadership Executive since 2011. He has an excellent track record of returns for its shareholders, leading Unilever’s business in both developed and emerging markets, having run the company’s North Asia business for four years, served as President, Russia, Africa & Middle East, and spent delivering a Total Shareholder over a decade in senior Foods, Home Care and Personal Care roles for Unilever US. Alan joined the Return of 290% over that period. company as a graduate marketing trainee in 1985.

SEAN WALKER NAMED GROUP PRESIDENT FOR GENERAL MILLS ASIA & LATIN AMERICA

Christina Law left General Mills at the end of February 2019.

ENERAL MILLS announced Sean Walker as Group President of General Mills’ Asia & Latin America segment -effective February 1, 2019. Walker will report to Jeff Harmening, Gchairman and chief executive officer, and will join the company’s global senior leadership team. Walker was most recently senior vice president, Strategy, for the company, and has been responsible for transitioning the Blue Buffalo Pet Food business into General Mills. “I would like to thank Christina for her strong contribution to General Mills since she joined in 2012, and especially for her significant leadership over the last two years to establish our Asia & Latin America segment for growth through the consolidation of three historically separate regions of Greater China, Asia, Middle East and Africa, and Latin America. She has built a great organization with elevated capabilities, and put in place robust strategies and business foundations to enable the segment for accelerated growth.” said Harmening. Walker is a 29-year veteran of General Mills with extensive experience building businesses and organizations across multiple countries and served as President of General Mills Latin America from

© General Mills 2019 2009 to 2015. Prior to joining General Mills, Walker worked for the Hershey Company and Nestlé.

10 March 2019 | NUTFRUIT

Business News

LINDOR DEVELOPS 4-IN-1 PROCESSING MACHINE FOR CARAMELIZED DRIED FRUIT FLAKES

The company has developed a machine for a German fruit processor, which mixes, coats, dries and roasts sweetened fruit flakes.

THE COMPANY needed a more efficient way to produce sweetened According to the roasting process, “in the past, you not only needed fruit flakes”, said Michael Kaiser, sales manager Lindor Germany. a mixer to do this, but also a conveyor belt with spray tunnel, and finally "With this premise, Lindor designed the machine so that the nozzle an oven to complete it. So now, the customer is saving a log of money, at the inlet sprays sugar over the flakes and as the mixer rotates, the space and time, and is able to achieve a better end result”, added Kaiser. flakes are sprayed from all sides, giving them a perfect coating. After The most challenging aspect, according to Kaiser, was the delicacy of the applying the coating, warm recycled air in blown into the mixer and flakes and the time needed to roast them properly. the moisture released during the drying cycle, escapes via the vent on the inlet side. Once the moisture has been expelled, the air temperature is raised and the flakes are roasted, to achieve a golden brown caramel layer.

SORTEX F OPTICAL SORTER HELPS 3RD GENERATION FARMER TO VERTICALLY INTEGRATE AND REDUCE SORTING COSTS BY UP TO 90%

Bühler technology is enabling the world’s largest fig grower to double its processing capacity to 20,000lbs per hour and reduce increasingly expensive costs associated with sorting, by up to 90%.

HE SORTEX F SORTER is helping The Specialty Crop Company to provide their customers with dried figs that Tare free from damage and foreign material, including wood, rocks, puncture vines, bird pecks, sunburn and mold. Kevin Herman, one of the founders of the company, describes his business as “primarily a grower, not a processor”. He adds: “At this point, we’re really just a farmer, but we’re becoming more and more vertically integrated. Working with Bühler and installing the SORTEX F has taken us a step further in that direction.” In words of Mr. Herman, the sorting criteria is easy to set up on the SORTEX F and the sensitivities settings can be adjusted. Besides this, “we can now do it with 3 hand sorters instead of needing 24. © Bühler 2018 Before we got the sorter, some figs with defects were getting through our handpicking tables. But not anymore, so customer complaints are down.”, adds.

12 March 2019 | NUTFRUIT Business News

March 2019 | NUTFRUIT 13 Business News

RE-IMAGINING OLAM: NEW SIX-YEAR STRATEGY TO CREATE VALUE FROM TOMORROW’S CONSUMER

Olam plans to invest US$3.5 billion to enhance its leadership position and capture value from key emerging consumer trends; de-prioritizes selected businesses to release US$1.6 billion of cash for reinvestment.

LOBAL FOOD AND AGRI-BUSINESS OLAM INTERNATIONAL, Olam, announce its 2019-2024 strategic plan, that capitalizes Gon key trends shaping the sector. Driven by consumers and advances in technology, these trends include increasing demand for healthier foods, traceable and sustainable sourcing, e-commerce and the rise of “purpose” brands. Olam has already established global leadership positions in multiple speciality agri-products and food ingredients, with defensible strategies for more mainstream bulk products. Olam’s operations extend across the value chain, including buying from an extended network of 4.7 million farmers, managing orchards, plantations and farms, processing and ingredients innovation. This new strategy builds on the current business model which has yielded strong results and growth across Olam’s diversified portfolio. © Olam International 2019

BLUE DIAMOND INVESTS IN EXPANSION OF AWARD-WINNING TURLOCK MANUFACTURING PLANT

Blue Diamond first announced its plans to build a manufacturing plant in the City of Turlock in April 2012 creating more than a hundred jobs.

LUE DIAMOND first announced its plans to build a manufacturing The 52,000-square-foot building will be the latest construction plant in the City of Turlock in April 2012 creating more than a of the three-phased project that will eventually yield a total of about Bhundred jobs. 500,000 square feet of building space over the next nine years. This Blue Diamond Growers begins expansion of its award-winning phase of the project is scheduled to be completed in Spring 2020 and processing facility in Turlock, CA. The new addition is part of Blue will accommodate growth of the cooperative's business. The expansion Diamond's continued plans to expand value-added product lines and consists of new automated processing and packaging equipment that deliver the innovations of new almond products worldwide. promote Blue Diamond's commitment to manufacturing excellence. "We are pleased to build our partnership with the Turlock community "We are pleased to build our partnership with the by investing to expand our facilities and workforce," said Mark Jansen, Blue Diamond President and CEO. "We are creating the healthiest Turlock community by investing to expand our almond products and delivering the benefits of almonds to the world. facilities and workforce," said Mark Jansen, Blue This project allows Blue Diamond to meet the growing demand for our Diamond President and CEO. innovative almond products."

14 March 2019 | NUTFRUIT

GourmetGourmet

I work with biologists, ethnobotanists and dendrologists to discover promising species that “ can be incorporated into dishes and condiments, TRYING ALWAYS TO CONSERVE NATURE AND THE ESSENCE OF THE PRODUCT"

Leonor Espinosa is a plastic artist and paradigms; they’re all necessary attributions economist. She currently runs the kitchens in to take into account so that the culinary her restaurants: LEO and MISIA. For the last six years, Leonor has made the list of Latin process can become an art. America’s 50 Best Restaurants, which also named her Latin America’s Best Female Chef in I’ve read that you say every single 2017. Another of her accolades that year was person must have their own the Basque Culinary World Prize 2017. Both distinctive trait. What’s yours? nationally and internationally, she is currently LEONOR ESPINOSA I express myself more as an artist than a chef. HEAD CHEF AT the world’s most widely recognized Colombian chef. With her daughter, Laura Hernández I’m not faithful to external conditions. I like to LEO RESTAURANT, Espinosa, she leads the FUNLEO foundation in break down preconceptions in everything I do. COLOMBIA. order to carry out work in the community. I do it through my cooking and through my relationship with my staff. Everything I do is by choice and by my personal freedom. Among a host of other honors, Am I right in saying that your core you have been recognized with values are tradition, culture and What defines Colombian the Best Restaurant in Colombia creativity? ? 2018 for LEO and the 10th Best Yes, you’re right. And I’d add ‘consequence’ to Colombian cuisine, as in other countries LATAM restaurant 2018, you that list. I truly think that all the steps you take in our region, is defined by the multi- feature on TIME MAGAZINE’S list are the consequence of something. and interculturality generated by all the of The World’s 100 Greatest Places different cultures that have influenced it, 2018 and you have reached the Are you a chef, an artist or an as well as local migration. The country’s 10th place in the highest-ranking economist? heritage includes indigenous Amerindian Colombian restaurant. Does that I am the sum of all these things. I cook, I communities, Spaniards from the conquest bring more pressure or does it create art and I do economics, in that order. and Africans who were brought in as slaves encourage you to continue to And also I’m a chef because I lead the cuisine by the Europeans. All these influences have improve? of my two restaurants. left their mark on the culinary traditions. It’s a It’s such an honor because somehow it For me, the cuisine is an act composed of a very colorful cuisine. reminds me of the hard work and effort that set of facts related to knowledge, historical But as everything is moving, nowadays we I’ve put in throughout my career. Luckily, I memories and personal experiences. My aim are not only projecting that ancestralism, don’t allow all these accolades to generate is to bring knowledge to communities in order but also our magnificent biological diversity. more pressure because I know that it would to create relationships between their territories All those promising species can be adapted affect my loyalty and my convictions. The best and the biological species that grow there. The and incorporated into modern food. Without part of it is that the honors confirm me that geographical immersion, cosmos’ knowledge, doubt, Colombia will, among other things, be I’m on the right path. ancestralism, innovations, legitimacy and renowned for its haute cuisine.

16 March 2019 | NUTFRUIT Gourmet

What defines your cuisine? My cuisine is defined by a characteristic stamp: I’ve put all my efforts into developing my personal style through a contemporary-artistic point of view.

…rooted in the traditions and the diversity of your homeland? Travelling around Colombia, I realized the true gastronomy of my country. There’s such a rich culture of cooking but many Colombians don’t connect with it. Too many communities have become isolated and have lost their pride in the food they cook, and I want to help Macambo, mojojoy larvae, change that. I try to give space and visibility to promising species that grow and are associated with unknown territories, reflecting their mambe, borojó, Manuare salt richness, like seed of the macambo, cacay and coquindo, as well as Ingredients different type of nuts and dried fruits that I find along the way. I really 2 grams mojojoy think that Colombia can show the world a way of integrating many 15 grams macambo cheese alternative 5 grams mambe (ypadu) cultural traditions into its cuisine. That is why in my kitchen, I’m not 15 grams borojó jam crumble keen on holding on to anything. Cream Cheese 1000 ml macambo-based 50 ml water The menu in LEO is called CICLO-BIOME. What is it drink 1 tbsp sodium chloride about? Mambe crumble The CICLO-BIOMA proposal is based on the periodic study of the 120 grams mambe 60 grams butter different Colombian biomes and ecosystems. I work with biologists, 60 grams plain flour Manuare salt ethnobotanists and dendrologists to discover promising species that can be incorporated into dishes and condiments, trying always to conserve Method: nature and the essence of the product, as well as discovering the life of Cream Cheese Alternative Make a beverage by liquidizing the macambo nuts. Pass through man in that territories, their knowledge, their uses and customs. 5 filters. Add this beverage to a saucepan and heat until it reaches Then, working with my foundation, I use the findings to help improve 70oC. Turn off the heat and wait for the temperature to drop to 60 conditions for the ethnic communities who live around such products. degrees. Add the coagulant (sodium chloride) and stir gently. Cover It’s without a doubt one of the most passionate projects I’ve ever created. and let it stand for 1-3 days until it thickens. Transfer to a gauze or cheesecloth to remove the excess liquid. Let it filter for 1-2 days. Transfer to a container and refrigerate. LEO’s cuisine is local products and ancestral Mojojoy larvae knowledge. What is this magic ancestral knowledge? Dehydrate for 24 hours at 70oC. Cut in half and set aside the This knowledge is necessary in the creative process to talk about new insides. Vacuum pack and keep at room temperature. narratives in Colombian cuisine. Borojó jam Process the pulp and sugar in a thermomix at speed 9 for two minutes. I’ve been told that in all your projects you are not Mambe Crumble alone and you have your daughter Laura with you. Is Mix together the flour, mambe and salt in a bowl. Add the butter in she learning from you or are you learning from her? small chunks and gently work the mixture with your hands until the We both learn from the same position as partners, friends and family. It’s butter is completely combined or until it takes on a grainy texture. such a privilege to do it. Laura is one of Colombia’s top sommeliers and Spread the mixture out on a silpad and place in the oven for 15 minutes at 160oC. Stir regularly with a fork to achieve even cooking. Remove it’s an honor that she demonstrates her talent and knowledge at LEO’s. from the oven and allow to cool. Store in cold before assembly.

What does the future hold for you, if that’s something Assembly: you’ve thought about? Start by making a base of borojó jam, on top of which goes the I’m a person that lives day-by-day. I always say you have to focus on alternative cheese. Arrange a line of mojojoy on top of the alternative what you have today because it’s the only way you can truly be faithful cheese. Place the mambe crumble to the side. to your beliefs.

March 2019 | NUTFRUIT 17

Legal Update LEGAL UPDATE PESTICIDES

AUSTRALIA AND NEW ZEALAND: Pesticide Product MRL (ppm) MRLs UPDATE Aminocyclopyrachlor almonds *0.05 Indoxacarb macadamia nuts T*0.01 The Food Standards Australia New Zealand issued the variations Spinetoram figs T0.1 to Schedule 20 of the revised Food Standards Code. The following Clothianidin almonds T0.05 maximum residue limits (MRLs) were established. * indicates that the maximum residue limit is set at the limit of determination. ‘T’ indicates that the maximum residue limit is a temporary maximum residue limit.

CANADA: MRLs UPDATE Canada’s Pest Management Regulatory Agency announced the following MRLs. Pesticide Product MRL (ppm) Adoption date Flubendiamide peanuts 0.02 Entered into force on: 10-10-2018 Trifloxystrobin stone fruits (crop group 12-09) 2.0 Entered into force on: 15-10-2018 Rimsulfuron stone fruits (crop group 12-09) 0.01 Entered into force on: 16-10-2018 Afidopyropen stone fruits (crop group 12-09) 0.03 Entered into force on: 28-11-2018 peanuts 0.06 Picoxystrobin Entered into force on: 29-11-2018 almond nuts 0.03 Tetrachlorvinphos 0.013 Diazinon , , grapes, Dicofol almond nuts, apricots, black and English walnuts, figs, grapes, hazelnuts, pecan nuts, plums Dinocap grapes Entered into force on: 06-02-2019 Revocation Nicotine plums Phosalone apricots, grapes, plums Vinclozolin apricots, grapes, plums Amisulbrom 1.0 Entered into force on: 12-02-2019

CHINA, TAIWAN: MRLs UPDATE Pesticide Product MRL (ppm) Date Abamectin 0.06 The Separate Customs Territory of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen and Matsu Acequinocyl 0.3 notified the World Trade Organization of the Standards for Pesticide Cyhalothrin hazelnut, walnut 0.02 Residue Limits in Foods, which includes the following MRLs in nuts and Emamectin benzoate hazelnut, walnut 0.02 Deadline for Fenazaquin almond 0.02 comments: fruits. Flupyradifurone 0.3 19-03-2019 Imidacloprid apricot, plum 1.0 Prothioconazole 0.2 Sulfoxaflor pecan 0.02

EFSA: MRLs REVIEW The European Food Safety Authority reviewed the existing MRLs for some pesticides. Based on the assessment of the available data, the following recommendations were derived. Pesticide Product Existing MRL (ppm) Proposed MRL (ppm) Captan cranberries 0.03* 30 almonds, Brazil nuts, cashew nuts, hazelnuts, macadamia, pecans, pine nuts, pistachios, Metam 0.02* 0.01* walnuts, apricots, plums, grapes, cranberries, figs 0.7 (Spi + 4) Spirotetramat cranberries 0.2 (Spi + 4) 0.5 (Spi + enol) * Indicates that the MRL is set at the limit of quantification. (Spi + 4) means spirotetramat and its 4 metabolites: BYI08330-enol, BYI08330-ketohydroxy, BYI08330-monohydroxy, and BYI08330 enol-glucoside. (Spi + enol) means the sum of spirotetramat and spirotetramat-enol, expressed as spirotetramat.

March 2019 | NUTFRUIT 19 Legal Update

EU: MRLs UPDATE The European Commission issued the following regulations amending the MRLs of pesticides in nuts and fruits.

Pesticide Product MRL (ppm) Adoption date Regulation apricots 0.02 Abamectin Regulation 2018/1514 plums, grapes 0.01* 01-11-2018 of 10 October 2018 Fenhexamid cranberries 20 Regulation 2018/1515 Diphenylamine tree nuts, apricots, plums, grapes, cranberries, dates, figs 0.05* 01-05-2019 of 10 October 2018 Triflumizole tree nuts, apricots, plums, grapes, cranberries, dates, figs, peanuts 0.02* tree nuts, grapes, cranberries, dates, figs, peanuts 0.01* Regulation 2018/1516 01-05-2019 Triflumuron apricots 1 of 10 October 2018 plums 0.1 Regulation 2019/38 Iprodione almonds, apricots, plums, grapes, cranberries 0.01* 31-07-2019 of 10 January 2019 Regulation 2019/50 Fenpicoxamid tree nuts, apricots, plums, grapes, cranberries, dates, figs, peanuts 0.01* 01-01-2019 of 11 January 2019 tree nuts, plums, cranberries, figs 0.01* Etofenprox apricots 0.6 grapes 4 tree nuts, plums, grapes, cranberries, dates, figs, peanuts 0.01* Paclobutrazol apricots 0.15 Regulation 2019/89 13-08-2019 tree nuts, cranberries, dates, figs, peanuts 0.01* of 18 January 2019 apricots 0.08 Penconazole plums 0.09 grapes 0.5 Bromadiolone tree nuts, apricots, plums, grapes, cranberries, dates, figs, peanuts 0.01* Bromuconazole tree nuts, apricots, plums, grapes, cranberries, dates, figs, peanuts 0.01* apricots, plums, grapes, cranberries, dates, figs 0.03 Carboxin peanuts 0.05* Regulation 2019/90 tree nuts, plums, grapes, cranberries, dates, figs, peanuts 0.01* 13-08-2019 Pyridaben of 18 January 2019 apricots 0.3 tree nuts, peanuts 0.02* Fenbutatin oxide apricots, plums, grapes, cranberries, dates, figs 0.01* Buprofezin tree nuts, apricots, plums, grapes, cranberries, dates, figs, peanuts 0.01* Diflubenzuron tree nuts, apricots, plums, grapes, cranberries, dates, figs, peanuts 0.01* Regulation 2019/91 Ioxynil tree nuts, apricots, plums, grapes, cranberries, dates, figs, peanuts 0.01* 13-08-2019 of 18 January 2019 Picoxystrobin peanuts 0.01* Tepraloxydim peanuts 0.1* * Indicates lower limit of determination.

In addition, the following draft MRLs were Pesticide Product MRL (ppm) Date notified to the World Trade Organization. 2,5-dichlorobenzoic acid methylester Bispyribac tree nuts, apricots, plums, Denatonium benzoate grapes, cranberries, dates, 0.01* Fenoxycarb figs, peanuts Flurochloridone

Quizalofop Deadline for comments: tree nuts, apricots, plums, 09-02-2019 Prochloraz grapes, cranberries, dates, 0.03* figs, peanuts tree nuts (except almonds and walnuts), apricots, plums, 0.01* dates, figs, peanuts Tebufenozide almonds, walnuts 0.05 grapes 4

20 March 2019 | NUTFRUIT Legal Update

JAPAN: MRLs UPDATE The Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan notified the World Trade Organization of the “Revision of the Standards and Specifications for Foods and Food Additives under the Food Sanitation Act (revision of agricultural chemical residue standards)”, which includes the following MRLs in nuts and dried fruits. Pesticide Product MRL (ppm) Date Probenazole peanuts, cranberry, date, pecan, almond, walnut, other nuts 0.01 Deadline for comments: 22-12-2018 Fluensulfone cranberry 0.5 Deadline for comments: peanuts 0.01 Tebufenpyrad 17-02-2019 apricot, cranberry, date 0.4

USA: MRLs UPDATE The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency established the following MRLs in nuts and fruits.

Pesticide Product MRL (ppm) Adoption date Etoxazole nut, tree, group 14-12 0.01 15-10-2018 Bixafen peanut 0.01 04-12-2018 Tolfenpyrad fruit, small, vine climbing, except fuzzy , subgroup 13-07F 2.0 21-12-2018

CONTAMINANTS

EU: INCREASED LEVEL OF OFFICAL CONTROLS On January 11, 2019, the European Union published the Commission Implementing Regulation 2019/35 of 8 January 2019 amending Regulation (EC) No 669/2009 implementing Regulation (EC) No 882/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards the increased level of official controls on imports of certain feed and food of non-animal origin. The control frequency of aflatoxins in hazelnuts from Georgia increased from 20% to 50%. The Regulation entered into force on January 14, 2019. After the modification, the control frequency for nuts and dried fruits is the following:

Frequency of physical Feed and food Country of origin Hazard and identity checks (%) Groundnuts (peanuts), in shell, shelled, otherwise prepared or preserved, or peanut butter Bolivia Aflatoxins 50 Groundnuts (peanuts) in shell, shelled, otherwise prepared or preserved, or peanut butter Gambia Aflatoxins 50 Hazelnuts, in shell or shelled Georgia Aflatoxins 50 Groundnuts (peanuts) in shell, shelled, otherwise prepared or preserved, or peanut butter Madagascar Aflatoxins 50 Groundnuts (peanuts) in shell, shelled, otherwise prepared or preserved, or peanut butter Senegal Aflatoxins 50 Groundnuts (peanuts) in shell, shelled, otherwise prepared or preserved, or peanut butter Sudan Aflatoxins 50 Dried grapes Turkey Ochratoxin A 5 Dried apricots and apricots otherwise prepared or preserved Turkey Sulphites 20 Pistachios in shell, shelled or roasted United States Aflatoxins 10 Dried apricots and apricots otherwise prepared or preserved Uzbekistan Sulphites 50

QUALITY STANDARDS

USA: STANDARDS FOR GRADES OF PECANS INDIA: CASHEW KERNEL STANDARD The Agricultural Marketing Service has amended the U.S. Standards The Food Safety and Standards Authority of India notified the World Trade for Grades of Shelled Pecans and the U.S. Standards for Grades of Organization of the Draft Food Safety and Standards (Food Products Pecans in the Shell. The term “midget” is replaced with “extra small” in Standards and Food Additives) Amendment Regulations, 2018. Among the Standards for Grades of Shelled Pecans. In addition, the references others, the Draft Standard defines the quality of the cashew kernels as to plastic models of pecan kernels and information on where the color well as the requirements they shall conform in terms of moisture content, standards may be examined from both standards are removed. This acid-insoluble ash, defect tolerances, free fatty acid and peroxide value. direct final rule is effective since December 10, 2018.

March 2019 | NUTFRUIT 21 Legal Update

TRADE

CHILE-BRAZIL: FREE TRADE AGREEMENT EU-NORWAY: FREE TRADE AGREEMENT On November 21, 2018, Chile and Brazil signed a Free Trade Agreement On October 1, 2018, the EU and Norway Free Trade Agreement entered which includes sanitary and phytosanitary measures and the elimination into force. This new Free Trade Agreement in the form of an exchange of of obstacles to trade, among others. Negotiations began on April 27, letters between the EU and Norway is expected to further liberalize trade 2018, during a meeting between the presidents of both countries. The in agricultural products, and stablishes zero tariffs for some agricultural Economic Complementation Agreement between Chile and MERCOSUR products including dried cranberries. already allowed the elimination of import tariffs for bilateral trade. EU-SINGAPORE: FREE TRADE AGREEMENT CHILE-UK: TRADE CONTINUITY On October 19, 2018, the EU and Singapore signed a Free Trade AGREEMENT Agreement which will remove nearly all remaining tariffs on certain On January 30, 2019, Chile and the United Kingdom signed a Bilateral EU products, simplify customs procedures and set high standards and Trade Continuity Agreement aimed at safeguarding exporters from the rules. Two more agreements were signed on the same day: Investment impacts of UK’s withdrawal from the EU. This agreement replicates Protection Agreement and the Framework Agreement on Partnership the effects of the existing EU-Chile Association Agreement to ensure and Cooperation. The three agreements signify an important step continuity in the trading relationship between Chile and the UK. In towards increasing the EU’s presence in the fast-growing region of signing this Agreement, both countries ensure certainty for businesses, South-East Asia. consumers and investors when the UK ceases to be bound by EU deals. The Trade and Investment Agreements will be sent to the European CHINA-AUSTRALIA: FREE TRADE Parliament for consent. The Trade Agreement could enter into force AGREEMENT before the end of the current mandate of the European Commission, in The China-Australia Free Trade Agreement (ChAFTA) -which entered into 2019. The Investment Agreement will also follow ratification procedures force on December 20, 2015- eliminated tariffs on all tree nuts and dried at Member States level. The Partnership and Cooperation Agreement fruits exported from Australia to China on January 1, 2019. To give an will need to be ratified by EU Member States and submitted to the example, the base rate for shelled macadamias exported from Australia European Parliament. to China before the agreement was 24%. Under the ChAFTA, the tariff was reduced to 19.2% on December 20, 2015. On January 1, 2016, INDIA: CUSTOM TARIFFS ON US PRODUCTS there was a second reduction to 14.4%. The following reductions were DELAYED made on January 1, 2017 (to 9.6%) and on January 1, 2018 (4.8%), India has extended by 30 days for the six time in a row the imposition of and all tariffs on tree nuts and dried fruit were eliminated on January higher customs duties on 29 products imported from the US, including 1, 2019. almonds and walnuts. On February 26, 2019, the Government of India announced that the entry into force of the 20% additional tariffs is postponed EU-JAPAN: TRADE AGREEMENT until April 1, 2019. These tariffs, initially dated August 4, 2018, were first On February 1, 2019, the Trade Agreement between the EU and Japan postponed until September 18, 2018, second postponed until November entered into force. After five years of negotiations, on July 17, 2018, 2, 2018, third postponed until December 17, 2018, fourth postponed until the EU and Japan signed the deal that will remove nearly 85% of tariffs January 31, 2019, and again postponed until March 2, 2019. of EU agri-food products. This deal is aimed at eliminating most of the tariffs, simplifying customs procedures and removing a number of long- US-MEXICO-CANADA: FREE TRADE standing non-tariff barriers. AGREEMENT On September 30, 2018, the US, Mexico and Canada reached a EU-MAURITANIA: ECONOMIC PARTNERSHIP new Agreement (USMCA) which strengthens North American trade AGREEMENT in agriculture. The new Free Trade Agreement will enable food and On September 21, 2018, Mauritania became the 15th West African agriculture to trade more fairly, and to expand exports of American country to have signed the Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA) with agricultural products. Some of the key achievements are: tariffs for the EU. Once signed by all parties, the Agreement will be submitted most agricultural products will remain at zero; setting unprecedented for ratification. The aim of this Agreement is the promotion of trade standards for agricultural biotechnology; significant commitments to between the EU and 16 West African states, to contribute to sustainable reduce trade distorting policies, improve transparency and ensure development and poverty reduction. The long-term perspective is to non-discriminatory treatment for agricultural product standards; create a comprehensive continent-to-continent free trade agreement and enhanced rules for science-based sanitary and phytosanitary between the EU and Africa. measures.

22 March 2019 | NUTFRUIT

Feature Articles

COMMUNICATING THE PROTEIN CONTENT OF PLANT-BASED FOODS. OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES

While Americans may be looking for plant-based foods that are good sources of protein, chances are, they’ll have a difficult time identifying these on store shelves.

Dr. Kathy Musa-Veloso 2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans- is that a healthy eating pattern includes “a variety of Director, Food & Nutrition Group, within Intertek’s protein foods, including seafood, lean meats and poultry, eggs, (beans and peas), and Health, Environmental & Regulatory Services (HERS) nuts, seeds, and soy products”2. In Canada, as part of the “Let’s Eat Healthy Canada” initiative, is a recognized expert, author, and presenter on Canadians are encouraged to eat and fruit, whole , and plant-based proteins to global scientific and regulatory requirements for reduce the risks of heart disease, type 2 diabetes, and colorectal cancer3. To achieve these dietary health claim substantiation. recommendations, it is important for consumers to be able to identify plant-based foods that are good sources of protein. Unfortunately, in both the US and Canada, the regulations make it very difficult for food manufacturers and distributors to label most plant-based foods as sources of mino acids are the building blocks protein. To understand the dilemma, it helps to first understand the regulations for labeling foods for proteins; they are strung together as sources of protein in other key markets, such as the European Union, Australia/New Zealand, Ain various combinations and lengths, and South Korea, and compare these to regulations in the US and Canada, using a mixture of nuts according to instructions in our genetic material, as an example. to form all sorts of proteins, including hair, skin, nails, hormones, enzymes, and body Protein Level in Nut Mixture: structures such as muscle and bone. While the According to the United States Department of Agriculture National Database for Standard human body is capable of making some amino Reference Release 28, mixed nuts (dry roasted, with peanuts) contain 19.5 g of protein and 607 acids, 9 amino acids (i.e., , , kcal per 100 g4; therefore, 12.9% of the energy in the mixed nuts is provided by protein. , , , , , , and ) cannot be Protein Claim Requirements in Europe: made by the human body and are therefore In Europe, a “source of protein claim” can be made if at least 12% of the energy value of a food is considered essential. These 9 essential amino from protein5. Given that 12.9% of the energy value of the mixed nuts is from protein, the mixture of acids must be consumed from the to allow nuts can be labeled and advertised as a “source of protein”. for the normal synthesis of proteins in the body. Dietary proteins can be consumed either Protein Claim Requirements in Australia/New Zealand: from animal or plant sources. Animal sources In Australia/New Zealand, a “good source of protein” claim can be made if there are at least 5 g of of protein include fish, poultry, meat, dairy protein per serving6. Given that each 30-gram serving of mixed nuts provides 5.9 g of protein, the products, and eggs. Plant sources of protein mixture of nuts can be labeled and advertised as a “good source of protein”. include legumes, nuts, seeds, grains, soy products, and some vegetables. While there Protein Requirements in South Korea: are lots of terms to describe diets that are In South Korea, a “source of protein” claim can be made if the food provides at least 10% of the predominantly plant-based (Table 1), growing protein Nutrient Reference Value (NRV) (i.e., 55 g) per 100 g, 5% of the protein NRV per 100 kcal, in popularity is the flexitarian diet (also or 10% of the protein NRV per serving7. Given that the nut mixture provides 35.5% of the protein referred to as the semi- or demi-vegetarian NRV per 100 g, 5.8% of the protein NRV per 100 kcal, and 10.6% of the protein NRV per 30-gram diet), a diet that is primarily vegetarian with serving, the mixture of nuts can be labeled and advertised as a “source of protein”. the occasional inclusion of poultry, dairy, meat, fish, and eggs1. This dietary pattern is Clearly, in the European Union, Australia/New Zealand, and South Korea, the eligibility of a aligned with the recent recommendations of food for a protein content claim depends only on the amount of protein in the food. In the US and national scientific authoritative bodies with Canada, the eligibility of a food for a protein content claim is far more complex and depends not interests in public health. For example, a only on the amount of protein in the food, but also on the quality of the protein, measured as the “Key Recommendation” of the U.S. Dietary “protein digestibility corrected score” in the US8 and as the “protein efficiency ratio” in Guidelines Advisory Committee -in their 2015- Canada9. In both the US and Canada, the measure of protein quality depends on 2 factors:

24 March 2019 | NUTFRUIT Feature Articles

(i) Whether all 9 essential amino acids are present in the protein; and, food can be compensated for by higher levels in another food (Figure 1). (ii) Whether the levels of essential amino acids are sufficient to support For example, peanut butter and whole wheat bread individually do not the growth of pre-school aged children (in the US) or young rats relative to have a high protein quality, but consumed together (e.g., a peanut butter casein (in Canada), after considering their digestibility (i.e., how well they sandwich), they provide a higher quality protein. Similarly, beans and rice are absorbed from the digestive tract after ingestion). individually do not have a high protein quality, but consumed together, they provide a higher quality protein. So, as long as all 9 essential amino Although nuts contain all 9 essential amino acids and the digestibility of acids are consumed, and as long as they are consumed in sufficient the protein in nuts is fairly good, lysine is present in low quantities, and quantities, it does not matter whether they are all derived from a so nuts do not meet the protein quality criteria required for the protein single, high quality protein food, or in multiple foods that, collectively, content claims. counterbalance each other with regards to protein quality. There are some circumstances where the protein quality of a food Plant-based diets are known to improve health and reduce the risk needs to be considered. For example, if the food is a staple for a given of all-cause mortality and several cardiometabolic diseases, including, population (e.g., rice could be the main source of protein in a developing obesity, type 2 diabetes, and coronary heart disease1,10,11. Moreover, it country), it is important to consider its quality, so that strategies to deliver is well-known that plant-based diets (rich in fruits, vegetables, legumes, all essential amino acids in the proper amounts could be generated. seeds, nuts, and whole grains) have the least environmental impact in Likewise, the consideration of protein quality is very important if the terms of their carbon footprints and are more sustainable than animal- population relies on formulated replacements or, in the case of based diets12,13,14. Thus, to encourage the consumption of plant-based infants, human milk substitutes like infant formula (i.e., the entire diet foods, as per dietary guidelines and recommendations, perhaps it is time or a significant portion of it contains a single source of protein). For all to modernize the regulations related to protein content claims in the US other individuals who are generally healthy and have access to a variety and Canada, and exercise more discretion in terms of when the protein of foods, amino acids that are absent or present at low levels in one quality of an individual food needs to be considered15.

TABLE 1. Terms Used to Describe Plant-based Diets FIGURE 1. Combinations of Plant-based Foods that Result and their Descriptions in Higher Protein Quality than Each Food Individually Plant-Based Dieta Description

Consumption of pant-based foods only. LEGUMESa GRAINSb Vegan Animal products (such as meat and seafood) and by- HIGHER (high in lysine (low in lysine PROTEIN products (such as milk, eggs, or ) are not consumed. and threonine, + and threonine, = low in methionine) high in methionine) QUALITY Consumption of plant-based foods and dairy (lacto). Lacto-vegetarian Eggs, meat, and seafood are not consumed.

Consumption of plant-based foods and eggs (ovo). Ovo-vegetarian Dairy, meat, and seafood are not consumed. LEGUMESa NUTSc & SEEDS d Consumption of plant-based foods and seafood. Pescatarian HIGHER Dairy, meat, and eggs are not consumed. (high in lysine (low in lysine, PROTEIN and threonine, + high in methionine = QUALITY Consumption of plant-based foods and poultry meat low in methionine) and threonine) Pollotarian (e.g., chicken and turkey). Red meat, dairy, seafood, and eggs are not consumed.

Flexitarian Consumption of plant-based foods with the occasional a Legumes include pulses (e.g., dried beans, dried peas, dried chickpeas, and dried lentils), soybeans, (or Semi- or consumption of poultry meat, red meat, dairy, seafood, peanuts, and fresh peas and beans. Demi- Vegetarian) and eggs. b Common grains include amaranth, barley, buckwheat, corn, millet, oats, , rice, rye, sorghum (also called milo), teff, and wheat. a It should be noted that the terms may be combined to indicate the eating patterns of the individual. c Common nuts include almonds, Brazil nuts, cashews, hazelnuts, macadamia nuts, pecans, pine nuts, For example, a lacto-ovo-vegetarian consumes plant-based foods, dairy (lacto), and eggs (ovo). A pollo- pistachios, and walnuts. pescatarian consumes plant-based foods, poultry meat, and seafood. A lacto-ovo-pollo-pescatarian d Common seeds include chia seeds, flax seeds, hemp seeds, poppy seeds, pumpkin seeds, sesame consumes dairy (lacto), eggs (ovo), poultry meat, and seafood. seeds, and sunflower seeds.

References 1. Derbyshire EJ. Flexitarian diets and health: a review of the evidence-based literature. Front Nutr. 2017;3:55 [8pp]. doi:10.3389/fnut.2016.00055. 2. Departments of Health and Human Services (DHHS) & Agriculture (USDA). 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans. 8th ed., Washington, DC: 2015. 3. Health Canada. Let’s Eat Healthy Canada. Cat.: H164-209/2017E-PDF; Pub.: 170102. Health Canada, Ottawa, ON: 2017. 4. U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA). Basic Report: 12135, Nuts, mixed nuts, dry roasted, with peanuts, without salt added. In: USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference, Release 28, slightly revised. Software v.3.8.6.1, 2017-07-28). Agricultural Research Service (ARS), Nutrient Data Laboratory, Beltsville, MD: 2017. 5. European Parliament and the Council of the European Union. Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 December 2006 on nutrition and health claims made on foods [L404]. Off J Eur Union 2006;49:9-25. 6. Foods Standards Australia New Zealand (FSANZ). Schedule 4 - Nutrition, health and related claims (F2017C00711). In: Australia New Zealand Food Standard Code. (Food Standards Australia New Zealand). (Federal Register of Legislation). Canberra, Australia / Wellington, NZ: 2017. 7. Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS). [Labeling Standards for Foods]. Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea: 2014. 8. U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Part 101-Food labeling. §101.9-Nutrition labeling of food. In: U.S. Code of Federal Regulations (CFR). Title 21: Food and Drugs. U.S. Government Printing Office (GPO), Washington, DC: 2017. 9. Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA). Specific nutrient content claim requirements. Protein claims. In: Food Labelling for Industry. (Industry Labelling Tool)., Ottawa, ON: 2016. (Date modified: 2016-08-23).10. Tai Le L, Sabaté J. Beyond meatless, the health effects of vegan diets: findings from the Adventist cohorts. . 2014;6:2131-47. 11. Kahleova H, Levin S, Barnard N. Cardio-metabolic benefits of plant-based diets.Nutrients 2017;9:848 [13pp]. doi:10.3390/nu9080848. 12. Barrett B, Grabow M, Middlecamp C, Mooney M, Checovich MM, Converse AK, Gillespie B, Yates J. Mindful climate action: health and environmental co-benefits from mindfulness-based behavioral training. Sustainability. 2016;8:pii:1040 [25pp]. doi: 10.3390/su8101040. 13. Gephart JA, Davis KF, Emery KA, Leach AM, Galloway JN, Pace ML. The environmental cost of subsistence: Optimizing diets to minimize footprints. Sci Total Environ 2016;553:120 7. 14. Nelson ME, Hamm MW, Hu FB, Abrams SA, Griffin TS. Alignment of healthy dietary patterns and environmental sustainability: a systematic review.Adv Nutr 2016;7:1005-25. 15. Marinangeli CFP, Foisy S, Shoveller AK, Porter C, Musa-Veloso K, Sievenpiper JL, Jenkins DJ. An appetite for modernizing the regulatory framework for protein content claims in Canada. Nutrients 2017;9:921 [19]. doi:10.3390/nu9090921.

March 2019 | NUTFRUIT 25

Feature Articles

THE DIGITALIZATION OF TRADE

Digitalization should not only make us think about the process of optimization but also about entirely new business models. Thinking outside the box makes all the difference. The majority of today’s most valuable companies hadn’t been founded, let alone turned a profit, 20 years ago.

ot that long ago, Walmart was one of hadn’t been founded, let alone turned a profit, the world's most valuable companies. 20 years ago. NToday it’s not even among the top 10. What happened to Walmart and is its business What do you think? model outdated? Do you believe that the following statements The business models of retailers which are true? Be completely honest! have overtaken Walmart are not directly DR. HELENA comparable with that of Walmart. The largest "Digitalization means that I'm gambling MELNIKOV retail companies today are Amazon and Alibaba, with my customers' data." whose business models are exponential, rather And what would happen to your paper folders than linear. in case of fire or water damage? The cloud Managing Director of the Waren-Verein In 2014, Jack Ma, the founder and driving would not be affected. You can access it from der Hamburger Börse e.V. Dr. Melnikov force of Alibaba Group, announced that he anywhere at any time and you can increase leads the Waren-Verein and affiliated wanted to be bigger than Walmart. The story security through additional measures. trade associations in the sector of goes that he made a bet with a Walmart wholesale and foreign trade with food manager, explaining that if Walmart wanted "Automated processes take control away products. All of these associations to gain ten thousand new customers, it would from me." are recognized authorities in import have to build a shopping center, parking lots, Digitalization doesn't mean working without trade whose expertise is valued among warehouses, etc., whereas Alibaba would only human oversight. Digital systems primarily experts and which actively represent the need 2 servers. serve to enable routine work to be performed common interests of their members. This is why digitalization should not only more precisely and more efficiently. make us think about the process of optimization but also about entirely new business models. A "My business runs even without traditional bookseller might have optimized his digitalization." bookkeeping and improved his storefront, but That may be true but, for how long? More and he would never have founded Amazon. Thinking more people are buying and selling online, both outside the box makes all the difference. The in the B2B segment as well as B2C. People majority of today’s most valuable companies expect digital solutions to practical problems.

MOST VALUABLE COMPANIES 1990-2018 by market cap in billion US$

Last Update 14 October 2018 www.paymentandbanking.com

1990 2001 2018

US$ 64,57 US$ 372 US$ 1.040 Top 100 Companies per Location Technology Industry Technology US$ 64,43 US$ 326 US$ 912 Oil / Gas Technology Technology US$ 50 US$ 299 US$ 814 Industry Oil / Gas Technology US$ 33,39 US$ 273 US$ 760 Chemical Retail Technology

US$ 32,94 US$ 255 US$ 554 Market cap of the Global Top 100 Chemical Bank Holding Companies in billion US$ US$ 22 US$ 249 US$ 437 Oil / Gas Chemical Technology US$ 17 US$ 203 US$ 374 Oil / Gas Technology Bank US$ 16,79 US$ 200 US$ 369 Communication Oil / Gas Chemical US$ 16 US$ 197 US$ 345 Oil / Gas Chemical Oil / Gas US$ 12,84 US$ 189 US$ 306 Chemical Oil / Gas Finance

Source: https://paymentandbanking.com/die-wertvollsten-unternehmen-1990-2018/

March 2019 | NUTFRUIT 27 Feature Articles

"Digitalization is too expensive." » It can automate your business transactions and eliminate the need for some administrative Actually, it saves you money. The sooner you operations. digitally optimize your processes, the more efficient they will become. Customer requests Many people are therefore concluding that blockchain is very likely to influence all sectors of are integrated into production without a great industry, particularly in areas where customers and consumers insist on transparency. deal of effort, regardless of whether they involve the dimensions, quantity, packaging, etc. METHOD OF OPERATION - Illustration of a blockchain transaction "More digitalization means more risk of failure." The risk of failure of modern systems, machines, and sensors is much lower than the risk of failure of people.

Blockchain “The Magic Notebook” New requirements demand new solutions. Transparency is becoming increasingly important, particularly in the food trade, as customers desire comprehensive information about origin, breeding techniques, working conditions, waste, etc. Thus, the world of politics is responding to this with statutory Source: DHL / Accenture provisions. These days there is no more getting around the issue of consumer protection and Imagine that your business is transparent and decentralized. All transactions are the provision of information. New models take shared by multiple parties in one database. Data can only be updated with the agreement this into consideration by focusing more on of network participants. transparency and monitoring and less on trust between the parties involved. This includes The information flow in international trade is complex, involves many blockchain. parties, and is documentation heavy Blockchain can be defined as a distributed, permanent ledger of securely recorded transactions. It’s like a magic notebook that all participants own at the same time and which duplicates each note automatically to other participants. By distributing databases among multiple parties, blockchain eliminates the need for intermediaries who were previously required to act as trusted third parties to verify, record Source: Accenture and coordinate transactions. By facilitating the move from a centralized to a decentralized and distributed system, blockchain liberates data And if everyone's asking themselves whether there will still be importers in 20 years, that was previously locked away in silos. This they might also ask themselves whether there will still be retailers as we know them in their presents us with two things to consider: current form. After all, can you really imagine that your grandchildren will have the same consumer behavior » Blockchain can be used to track your as you do? Of course they will eat, but will they first drive to a supermarket, place products in a product life cycle and transfers of ownership shopping cart, stand in line at the counter, pay in cash, carry everything to the car, drive home, from origin to store shelf, even as it passes fill the fridge, and cook? These processes will presumably change as well, and when they do, the between the manufacturer, logistics service business model that best accommodates customer priorities will win. provider, wholesaler, and retailer. Just don't forget: "It's not the customer's job to know what they want." - Steve Jobs

28 March 2019 | NUTFRUIT

Feature Articles NEW THERAPEUTIC VACCINE TO CURE PEANUT ALLERGY. RE-EDUCATING THE IMMUNE SYSTEM TO BE PEANUT TOLERANT IN 4 WEEKS

Allergic disease to foods such as peanuts has emerged over the last few decades as a serious health burden. Currently, we can only alleviate the symptoms of an allergic reaction. Attempts at desensitisation require a years’ treatment, with low compliance, and maintenance to avoid a recurrence of allergic reactions within a short period of time. Advances in understanding the immunological basis of peanut allergy provide new avenues for treating allergies. The Australian company, Sementis, has developed a new treatment and is preparing to carry out human clinical trials.

The Impact of Peanut Allergy similar to that experienced by people with In developed countries, 1-3% of children no history of food allergies. It will prevent an are allergic to peanuts and most will remain allergic reaction and will cure the allergy for allergic for life (1). We have no real cure, decades, if not for life. A blood test will confirm if despite peanuts and tree nuts being a highly the vaccine has worked and elicited the correct nutritious food and, paradoxically, the cause immune response, before patients are required of near-fatal or fatal allergic responses. In the to consume peanuts in a controlled setting. DR. PAUL USA, one person is admitted to an emergency This is an important step, as the vaccine will HOWLEY department every 10 minutes with peanut have primed the immune system to recognise allergy symptoms. Estimates of the health absorbed peanut proteins as non-allergic. economic impact are over $20bn in the USA Further consumption will imprint this as a long- Dr Paul Howley1, Dr alone (2). lasting immune memory. If patients can tolerate Tamara Cooper2, Dr Jurgen Research is yet to establish strong this controlled peanut challenge, they will be Michaelis1, Dr Preethi Eldi2 evidence of the overall impact of peanut considered peanut allergy free. and Prof John Hayball2 allergy on producers, distributors and food Sementis has made the vaccine and manufacturers. successfully tested it in animals and on 1Sementis Ltd, Melbourne, Australia This is of growing concern as peanuts human blood samples. The next step is to 2Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, are increasingly banned from school lunches, begin the human clinical trial in early 2020. School of Pharmacy and Medical avoided by food service providers, airlines Sciences, University of South Australia, and made unavailable at large events. It does Sementis’ Approach for Peanut Adelaide, Australia not take much to cause an allergic reaction. Allergy Correspondence: Sometimes, only 1/1000 of a single nut is all Our Sementis Copenhagen Vector (SCV) (3) [email protected] that is involved in triggering a reaction. This is used to present peanut allergens safely can be problematic for food manufacturers as antigens in the context of a viral infection running several product lines in a single so that the allergens do not elicit an allergic facility where cross contamination cannot response. By using SCV, the allergens appear always be avoided. to be part of a viral infection, driving the immune system to quickly produce an anti- A New Treatment for Peanut Allergy viral response to peanuts. Conceptually, this We report here the first vaccination approach is the antithesis of an allergic response. This to cure peanut allergies. The treatment will dominant and anti-viral response to peanut comprise 3 or 4 small vaccine doses given over allergens can shut down existing allergic 4 weeks. The vaccine will create a dominant responses and create an immunological non-allergic immune response to peanuts, ‘memory’.

30 March 2019 | NUTFRUIT Feature Articles

Modified Food Guidelines Th2 promotes the production of an antibody Flexibility of the Sementis Approach The cause of the so-called ‘allergy epidemic’ type called IgE which specifically binds to for Infectious Diseases and Other remains contentious. A number of factors peanut allergens and renders a person allergic Food Allergies probably contribute, including reduced (6). On re-exposure to peanuts, the allergens An effective vaccine for peanut allergy must microbial exposure, dietary changes, genetics bind to IgE, unlocking specialist cells to release have the immunomodulatory potential to and D deficiency (4). Recently, long- mediators that drive an allergic response permanently reprogram the immune system standing recommendations to avoid peanuts within minutes. While a Th2 immune response from an allergic to a tolerant status. The in early childhood have been re-examined normally exists to defend against parasites that advantage of SCV is its ability to create following breakthrough studies that show live outside of cells, other ‘T helper 1’ (Th1) vaccines targeting other food allergies, such early exposure to peanuts reduces the risk of immune responses guard against viral and as allergies to tree nuts and fruits, companion developing peanut allergy in later life (4). In bacterial infections inside cells and are not animals, house dust mites and so on. Using our Australia, national guidelines for breastfeeding associated with the production of IgE (7). Those platform technology, we have also developed advocate for not excluding any particular foods who are not allergic have become tolerant to vaccines against infectious diseases such in the maternal diet, and the introduction of peanut allergens by responding with a benign as a single shot, dual chikungunya and Zika solid foods at 6 months is associated with a Th1 immune response (8). vaccine, as recently published by ‘Nature’ reduced risk of developing food allergies (5). Other therapeutics, currently in clinical (10). In addition, Sementis has a number of trials, that aim to block binding to IgE or other vaccines in the pipeline, including a The Fundamentals of Peanut Allergies suppress an allergic Th2 response have been livestock vaccine against Q Fever and a multi- Allergy is an inappropriate immune response tempered by varying degrees of desensitisation, drug resistant bacteria. to allergens that are otherwise harmless. The high rates of adverse events, long treatment events leading to allergic outcomes involve regimens and a limited ability to achieve long- immune signals classified as ‘T helper 2’ (Th2). lasting tolerance to peanuts (9).

References 1. Cook M, et al. (2007) The economic impact of allergic disease in Australia: not to be sneezed at. 2. Gupta R, et al. (2013) The SENSITISED TOLERANT Economic Impact of Childhood Food Allergy in the United States. Jama Pediatr 167(11):1026-1031. 3. Eldi P, et al. (2017) Production of a Chikungunya Vaccine Using a CHO Cell and Attenuated Viral-Based Th1 Th2 Platform Technology. Mol Ther 25(10):2332-2344. 4. Du Toit G, et al. (2018) Food allergy: Update on prevention and tolerance. J Allergy Clin Immun 141(1):30-40. 5. Netting MJ, et al. (2017) An Australian Th2 Th1 consensus on infant feeding guidelines to prevent food allergy: outcomes from the Australian Infant Feeding Summit. J Allergy Clin Immun 5(6):1617-1624. 6. Saidova A, Hershkop AM, Ponce M, & Eiwegger T (2018) Allergen-Specific T Cells in IgE-Mediated Food Allergy. Arch Immunol Ther Ex 66(3):161-170. 7. Berger A (2000) Science commentary: Th1 and Th2 responses: what are they? Brit Med J 321(7258):424-424. 8. Turcanu V, Maleki SJ, & Lack G (2003) Characterization of lymphocyte responses to peanuts in normal children, peanut-allergic children, and allergic children who acquired tolerance to peanuts. J Clin Invest 111(7):1065-1072. 9. Couzin- VACCINATION Frankel J (2018) Toxin or treatment? Science 362(6412):278-282. 10. Prow NA, et al. (2018) A vaccinia-based single vector construct multi-pathogen vaccine protects against both Zika and chikungunya viruses. Nat Commun 9(1):1230-1242.

March 2019 | NUTFRUIT 31 Feature Articles

NUTS: AN OPPORTUNITY TO FIGHT CHILD MALNUTRITION

The beginning of 2019 has brought with it clearer-than-ever signs that the number of people in the world experiencing is growing. Hunger has risen to levels not seen in almost a decade, going from 804 million in 2016 to 821 million in 2017. This has made it necessary, in some cases urgent, to take action and find new ways of working.

David del Campo is Director of International Cooperation and Humanitarian Action at Save the Children.

eanwhile, progress is being made in reducing delayed growth in Mchildren. The number of children with delayed growth dropped from 165.2 million in 2012 to 150.8 million in 2017, a reduction of 9%. Even so, today 22% of children under 5 suffer from delayed growth, which is directly linked to nutrition. Tommy Trenchard / Save the Children Both of these macro-level situations serve as a reminder that hunger, food insecurity and time. Half of these deaths are children under five. Our strategy addresses the two most important the various forms of malnutrition must remain areas for those children who survive malnutrition: health and survival, and access to education top priorities on the international agenda. At and development. Save the Children all our strategies and efforts Each year 1.8 million children die from pneumonia, diarrhea and malaria. Death due to all are focused on those 170 million children three of these illnesses is directly linked to nutrition. For any given illness, a well-nourished child unable to realize their full potential due to a is at least 60% more likely to survive than a child who is malnourished. Proper nourishment lack of proper, sustainable and permanent greatly increases the chances of surviving malaria, diarrhea and pneumonia as the combination nutrition. Poor nutrition makes an infant far of preventative and curative measures such as antibiotics, oral-hydration solutions and anti- more susceptible to disease and has a direct malarial medication could prevent almost two thirds of these deaths. impact on their education and life chances. Within this framework, Save the Children has designed our strategy until 2030, which Each year 2.6 million boys and girls die prioritizes our work during the first thousand days of life. After one hundred years in the field, due to causes directly linked to malnutrition we know that concentrating all our efforts on nutrition during the first days of life, from the and, sadly, this has been the case for some beginning of the pregnancy until the child’s second birthday, is crucial. This is the most critical

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32 March 2019 | NUTFRUIT Feature Articles

period because it is when the brain, immune system and the body nuts, in many cases produced in great volumes in countries which are grow fastest. We know that any negative impact during this time is themselves suffering from hunger and malnutrition, becoming part of a irreversible, which is why our work, carried out by workers, volunteers new initiative to reduce mortality. and local health centers, focuses on interventions and programs And so, at Save the Children we believe that more innovation and designed for mothers and young babies. investigation is necessary. The situation demands more space for both The aim of our programs is to ensure that pregnant women and public and private collaboration. It demands more ambition and courage young children have access to a varied diet and that they adopt good when we are faced with the figures for hunger and malnutrition in the food practices which help to prevent infectious disease. world, knowing that we have the means and capabilities to significantly reduce them over the next fifteen years. The role of nuts as an important And so, at Save the Children we believe that more source of protein has not been given the consideration it deserves. It is innovation and investigation is necessary. The situation our hope that, during their upcoming congress in Boca Raton in 2019, demands more space for both public and private collaboration. the International Nut and Dried Fruit Council will bear this in mind and It demands more ambition and courage when we are faced open the door to more collaboration and development with humanitarian with the figures for hunger and malnutrition in the world. organizations such as Save the Children. Source: FAO 2018 To achieve this, we: work to improve the diet and nutrition of mothers both before and during pregnancy; encourage good breastfeeding practices, especially during the first six months of life; offer nutritional supplements to babies between six- and twenty-four-months old and and to the youngest children. In the same way, access to nuts represents a huge opportunity, not only in prevention but also in the LACK OF NUTRITION treatment of malnutrition. They contain -proteins which would be impossible to obtain in many poor countries or countries affected by CAUSES conflict. In addition to this, nuts contain minerals such as potassium, 50% OF ALL calcium, phosphorus, iron and magnesium. Combining nuts or products CHILD DEATHS derived from nuts can provide an effective tool in the prevention of severe WORLDWIDE acute malnutrition, such as in the case of treatment with Plumpy Nut. The main ingredients of Plumpy Nut are peanut butter, powdered milk and vegetable oil, along with several and essential minerals. It is one of the most widely used treatments in the world today in the area of humanitarian aid and emergencies because, as well as its high protein content, it has a two-year shelf life and can be administered by any adult, removing the complications involved in preparing formulas which must be dissolved in water. CHILDREN UNDER 5 HAVE There is no doubt that nuts have much to offer in most situations of INSTUNTED GROWTH WORLDWIDE4 hunger and malnutrition. Given that peanut butter has saved thousands of lives over the last fifteen years, there is nothing to stop other types of

March 2019 | NUTFRUIT 33 AA ChatChat withwith thethe IndustryIndustry

TASTE IS THE PREDOMINANT FACTOR, BUT CONSUMERS ALSO APPRECIATE THE HEALTH BENEFITS, CONVENIENCE AND TRANSPARENCY OF INGREDIENTS IN THOSE PRODUCTS, “ MEANING SEEING PIECES OR ENTIRETY OF THE NUTS AND FRUITS INCLUDED.”

DANIEL WHITEHOUSE GLOBAL CATEGORY DIRECTOR OF NUTS, MARS WRIGLEY CONFECTIONERY

Daniel Whitehouse is responsible for the sourcing programs for both peanuts and treenuts in Mars Wrigley Confectionery. The company is home to some of the world’s biggest and most beloved nut-centric brands including M&Ms and Snickers. Originally from a background in financial markets and finance, in his nine years with Mars Daniel has held various roles in commodity sourcing and foreign exchange trading across the US, UK and his native home of Australia. In 2017 Daniel and the team were recognized by the procurement leader’s organization as winners of the global external collaboration award for their work partnering with the industry on high oleic acid peanut adoption in the US. He is currently based in Chicago, IL - USA.

Can you observe a rising popularity of any nut or dried fruit within the confectionery sector? “We see potential in introducing new varieties Popularity of different nuts varies, of course, by region. With consumers across regions where they haven’t necessarily seeking new and interesting products, we see potential in introducing new achieved popularity yet, or where we can help varieties across regions where they haven’t necessarily achieved popularity increase popularity. For example, bringing peanuts yet, or where we can help increase popularity. For example, bringing peanuts into parts of Europe and hazelnuts more broadly into parts of Europe and hazelnuts more broadly into North America. into North America.“

In your view what do consumers value most about products with nuts and dried fruits? Taste is the predominant factor, but consumers also appreciate the health Healthy trends are becoming part of millennials’ benefits, convenience and transparency of ingredients in those products, snacking habits. How is the confectionery sector meaning seeing pieces or entirety of the nuts and fruits included. integrating healthier options with health consumer awareness on the rise? What are the market segments with better margin Millennials talk openly about how have become , and for growth in confectionery with nuts and dried snacks have become meals. The three square meals of the past no fruits? Are premium and healthier products the main longer apply, it’s more about making deliberate choices throughout two drives? the day that best balance food and lifestyle needs. Premium products will deliver margins, but the qualities that In Confectionery, this plays out in balancing two desires and consumers consider to be premium are not always straightforward. reasons why people come to the category. On one end consumers The nut industry can play a role in encouraging consumers to invest tell us they want a true treat. They aren’t willing to sacrifice taste. in products containing nuts, by celebrating their health benefits, When they indulge they want to enjoy the full richness, fun, and flavor great taste and versatility in treats and snacks. Concerted marketing that treats and snacks offer. But, consumers do see treats and snacks efforts in our industry have positively driven consumer perception, and as part of a balanced diet. They want to know what they’re eating in food manufactures like Mars can tap into those positive insights for order to make informed decisions about how much and when they innovation and premium product development. are consuming.

34 March 2019 | NUTFRUIT A Chat with the Industry

As a global business that believes in free trade, and the planet. Combining business principles “With nuts specifically, we’re we don’t want to see policy barriers. As a with science, we’ve used technology to enable using technology to drive privately owned company, we have the benefit transformational new sourcing strategies for scientific research into higher of a long-term view, so while the uncertainty is critical raw materials which will allow us to yielding varieties, water challenging today, we’ll continue to approach address the sustainability challenges whether savings technologies and global sourcing strategies with a long-term they are GHG emissions, water stress, land aflatoxin mitigation strategies.” view of protecting and improving generations use, etc. Outcomes are broad, for example, to come. Mars has mapped and shared the cocoa So then, you act in line with genome, tracked land use via satellites, and consumer desires, right? used renewable electricity from wind and Yes. As a category, we’re operating across a solar power to cover operations in major spectrum to meet the needs of our shoppers. markets like the US, UK, Mexico, France, Providing permissible choices and transparent Australia and more. And, with nuts specifically, communications is critical to help people find we’re using technology to drive scientific the products they need and make informed research into higher yielding varieties, water choices, for example, bite-sized and portion savings technologies and aflatoxin mitigation controlled options, reductions in saturated fats, strategies. These technological developments calorie counts on front of pack and labels that will not only reduce the impact of nut are increasingly more transparent. production on the environment, but more “The US and Europe are our importantly, improving the livelihoods of all Mars Wrigley Confectionery two largest markets for nuts, participants in our supply chains. distributes its products in over however emerging markets 180 countries. What geographic continue to grow. Places such as markets are more important for China and India show promise Mars within the nuts business? for a nut-based portfolio.” The US and Europe are our two largest markets for nuts, however emerging markets continue What role does technology play at to grow. Places such as China and India show Mars in sustainability? promise for nut-based portfolio. Technology is critical to sustainability at Mars. Last year we announced our Sustainable in a How are the new US trade policies Generation plan that commits our business to in place affecting Mars strategy move beyond incremental improvements to within the nuts industry? unlock systemic changes that benefit people

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March 2019 | NUTFRUIT 35 Health News

THE ROLE OF NUTS IN ADIPOSITY AND OBESITY PREVENTION

Nerea Becerra-Tomás, RD, PhD and Jordi Salas-Salvadó, MD, PhD Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Unit, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan de Reus (Spain). Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus PROF. JORDI (Spain). Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y SALAS-SALVADÓ Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid (Spain).

verweight and obesity have reached epidemic proportions in population of 11,895 university graduates, frequent nut consumption the XXI century. Since 1975, obesity has approximately tripled (at least 2 servings of 50 g/week) was not associated with weight gain Oits prevalence worldwide, affecting about 13% of the world’s during a median of 6 years of follow-up (OR: 0.61; 95% CI: 0.34 to 1.10) population in 20161. It is noteworthy that overweight and obesity are compared to those who almost never consumed nuts5. Similarly, in the associated with a higher rate of mortality than underweight1. Therefore, Nurses’ Health Study (NHS) I, no differences in weight gain were observed public strategies focused on the reduction of these health issues must be across the different categories of nut consumption (never/almost never, a priority at global, regional and local levels.

36 March 2019 | NUTFRUIT Health News

circumference, demonstrating that nut-rich diets do not increase these measures of adiposity compared to different control diets10. However, the majority of RCTs included in this meta-analysis were conducted during a relatively short period of time, included small sample sizes and were conducted mainly in young and middle-aged adults. Recently, the Walnuts and Healthy Aging (WAHA) study has attempted to deal References with these major limitations. The study included 356 free-living healthy 1. World Health Organization. Obesity and overweight. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact- sheets/detail/obesity-and-overweight. Accessed December 18, 2018. 2. Hill JO, Wyatt HR, elderly subjects that were randomized into an intervention group (where Peters JC. Energy balance and obesity. Circulation. 2012;126(1):126-132. doi:10.1161/ 15% of their estimated daily energy needs were supplied by walnuts) CIRCULATIONAHA.111.087213. 3. Ludwig DS. Lowering the Bar on the Low-Fat Diet. JAMA. 2016;316(20):2087. doi:10.1001/jama.2016.15473. 4. Hernández-Alonso P, Camacho-Barcia or a control group (habitual diet with instructions to refrain from eating L, Bulló M, Salas-Salvadó J. Nuts and Dried Fruits: An Update of Their Beneficial Effects on Type walnuts or other nuts). After 2 years of follow-up, the results showed 2 Diabetes. Nutrients. 2017;9((7)):pii: E673. doi:10.3390/nu9070673. 5. Martínez-González MA, Bes-Rastrollo M. Nut consumption, weight gain and obesity: Epidemiological evidence. Nutr that the inclusion of walnuts in the diet does not promote weight gain or Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2011;21:S40-S45. doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2010.11.005. 6. Jiang R, cause changes in body composition11. These findings corroborate those Manson JE, Stampfer MJ, Liu S, Willett WC, Hu FB. Nut and Peanut Butter Consumption and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in Women. JAMA. 2002;288(20):2554. doi:10.1001/jama.288.20.2554. from the previous meta-analysis and add new insights to allay the fear 7. Bes-Rastrollo M, Wedick NM, Martinez-Gonzalez MA, Li TY, Sampson L, Hu FB. Prospective that nut consumption may promote obesity. study of nut consumption, long-term weight change, and obesity risk in women. Am J Clin Nutr. 2009;89(6):1913-1919. doi:10.3945/ajcn.2008.27276. 8. Mozaffarian D, Hao T, Rimm EB, Willett In summary, evidence from prospective cohort studies and RCTs WC, Hu FB. Changes in diet and lifestyle and long-term weight gain in women and men. N Engl J Med. regarding nut consumption and obesity is quite strong and consistent. 2011;364(25):2392-2404. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1014296. 9. Relja A, Miljkovic A, Gelemanovic A, et al. Nut Consumption and Cardiovascular Risk Factors: A Cross-Sectional Study in a Mediterranean Despite the fact that nuts are an energy-dense food, their inclusion in Population. Nutrients. 2017;9(12). doi:10.3390/nu9121296. 10. Flores-Mateo G, Rojas-Rueda D, the diet does not promote weight gain. Further studies analyzing different Basora J, Ros E, Salas-Salvadó J. Nut intake and adiposity: meta-analysis of clinical trials. Am J Clin Nutr. 2013;97(6):1346-1355. doi:10.3945/ajcn.111.031484. 11. Bitok E, Rajaram S, Jaceldo-Siegl types of nuts and preparation methods (e.g. salted versus unsalted nuts) K, et al. Effects of Long-Term Walnut Supplementation on Body Weight in Free-Living Elderly: Results are needed in order to corroborate the present findings. of a Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients. 2018;10(9). doi:10.3390/nu10091317.

March 2019 | NUTFRUIT 37 Health News “WOULD I RECOMMEND EATING NUTS TO INCREASE FERTILITY? I WOULD SAY: WHY NOT?"

Associate Professor of Human Nutrition Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Rovira i Virgili University, Spain. Dr. Bulló obtained a degree in Biology from the University of Barcelona (UB) and a Ph.D. from Rovira i Virgili University (URV). She is an Associate Professor in the Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology - URV, within the research group Human Nutrition; DR. MÒNICA epidemiology and epigenetics. Her main lines of research cover the study of the mechanisms involved in the physiopathology of obesity; the effect of a on BULLÓ cardiovascular risk factors (PREDIMED and PREDIMED-PLUS studies) and the effect of nuts on semen quality and functionality, among others. She has published 179 original papers with a cumulative impact factor of 750 and more than 6800 citations, with an H factor of 42.

r. Bulló led a study, co-funded by and E, selenium and zinc, carnitines and folate, assigned to either a group that followed their the INC and recently published in may improve semen quality and fecundability usual diet supplemented with 60 g/day of DThe American Journal of Clinical in men. Given that nuts are particularly rich mixed nuts (almonds, hazelnuts and walnuts) Nutrition, which observed that regular nut in some of these nutrients, their consumption or their usual nut-free diet for 14 weeks. consumption may help improve some sperm should beneficially affect semen quality. And now you may ask, why 14 weeks? Well, quality parameters. We talk to her in deep about because that’s the sperm cycle. the study’s findings. What was the aim of the study? The aim of the study was to demonstrate a Can you explain its main First of all, could you explain what is beneficial role of regular consumption of nuts conclusions? the background behind the study? on classic and novel sperm quality parameters, I can proudly say that our hypotheses were Infertility is estimated to affect about 15% of which could be linked to an improvement true. The main results of the study demonstrate all reproductive-age couples and 40-50% of in male fertility. The classic parameters that regular nut consumption, in an otherwise cases are due to the male. Potential causes include semen volume, total sperm count and imbalanced diet, improved sperm quality of infertility are associated with lifestyle, which concentration, vitality, motility and morphology, parameters such as total sperm count, vitality, includes dietary habits. Moreover, sperm and are commonly used for clinical diagnoses. motility and morphology and that the findings quality may be modulated by inflammatory However, our study wanted to go further and so could be partially explained by a reduction in and oxidative processes, among others, thus we looked in detail at potentially new markers sperm DNA fragmentation. However, whether compromising fertility. Since nuts modulate at molecular levels including sperm DNA our findings can be translated into increased some of these molecular processes, we fragmentation, reactive oxygen species, micro male fertility requires further studies. At this thought they should play a role in sperm quality. RNAs, DNA methylation and chromosomal moment in time we can only assume that anomalies. These parameters are beyond regular nut consumption improves the quality Which was the starting point of this those commonly assessed but we suspected of sperm. In the same way, we saw other project? that they would be closely related. tendencies and statistics in other fields but In many fertility clinics or other these also require further studies. dietary supplements are recommended 119 young men participated in in order to improve fertility. However, the the research. Can you give us a So, could nut consumption help scientific evidence for these recommendations description of the study? improve male fertility? is very low. Some observational studies and This was a randomized controlled study We demonstrated an improvement in several randomized controlled trials have found conducted on 119 healthy males who follow parameters that could contribute to male that the adherence to a , rich in a western-style diet, which is vastly different fertility. However, we did not analyze fertility omega-3, some such as from a Mediterranean one. Participants were by itself. The classical parameters which we

38 March 2019 | NUTFRUIT Health News

found to be beneficially modulated by nut What level of daily nut One of the next steps being studied is the consumption have been linked to increased consumption would you role of DNA methylation in improvements in male fecundability and fertility, but not the recommend to potentially improve classic sperm parameters (seminogram). To novel ones. The study provides evidence for sperm count? demonstrate that a food group such as nuts the first time that nuts can have other medical In our study we used 60 g/day and we did not can modulate sperm quality parameters is functionalities beyond everything that has conduct any dose-response analysis, so we do of great interest in developing public health already been proved in biomedicine, such as not have information regarding whether lower strategies in developed countries where improvements in the field of cardiovascular doses could bring the same benefits. infertility seems to have fallen drastically. disease. We have before us an open window. We believe our findings open new avenues It’s a matter of continuing to investigate. Infertility is a major issue for research into how they can be translated nowadays. Are you planning to into an increase in the chances of fertility and What specifically do nuts contain continue your investigations whether nut consumption also has a positive to potentially increase the further in this area? effect on female fertility. number and quality of sperm? There are still some results derived from the Nuts are remarkable for their bioactive study that deserve further analysis and we will So, would you recommend eating compounds. They are high in several also analyze DNA methylation in more depth nuts to increase fertility? components, such as proteins, fiber, fat, MUFA, in order to identify new potential markers of I would say: Why not? Nuts are rich in PUFA, magnesium, , omega-3, ALA, sperm quality. beneficial compounds. In this study, we are omega-6 and are high in substances directly not saying that they can raise male fertility related to anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant What’s the next step? What are to 100%, because there are so many other compounds. So, if the hypothesis was that the implications of the research? factors to be taken into account, but we have inflammation and oxidation negatively affect Could this study open the door to found solid evidence that they improve sperm fertility, why shouldn’t nuts be beneficial? new investigations? quality patterns.

March 2019 | NUTFRUIT 39 Health News

NEW SCIENTIFIC STUDIES

Viguiliouk, E., Jenkins, A.L., BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effect of dried fruit in modifying postprandial glycemia, we assessed the ability of 4 dried fruits (dates, apricots, raisins, sultanas) to decrease postprandial glycemia through three Blanco Mejia, S., Sievenpiper, mechanisms: a (GI) effect, displacement effect, or 'catalytic' fructose effect. SUBJECTS/METHODS: J.L., Kendall, C.W.C. (2018). Effect of dried fruit on We conducted an acute randomized, multiple-crossover trial in an outpatient setting in 10 healthy adults. Participants postprandial glycemia: received 3 white bread control meals and 12 dried fruit test meals in random order. The test meals included each of 4 dried fruits (dates, apricots, raisins, sultanas) alone (GI effect), 4 of the dried fruits displacing half the available A randomized acute-feeding in white bread (displacement effect), or 4 of the dried fruits providing a small 'catalytic' dose (7.5 g) of trial. Nutrition & Diabetes, 8, 59. fructose added to white bread ('catalytic' fructose effect). The protocol followed the ISO method for the determination of GI (ISO 26642:2010). The primary outcome was mean ± SEM GI (glucose scale) for ease of comparison across the three mechanisms. RESULTS: Ten healthy participants (7 men, 3 women; mean ± SD age and BMI: 39 ± 12 years and 25 ± 2 kg/m2) were recruited and completed the trial. All dried fruit had a GI below that of white bread (GI = 71); however, only dried apricots (GI = 42 ± 5), raisins (GI = 55 ± 5), and sultanas (51 ± 4) showed a significant GI effect (P < 0.05). When displacing half the available carbohydrate in white bread, all dried fruit lowered the GI; however, only dried apricots (GI = 57 ± 5) showed a significant displacement effect (P = 0.025). None of the dried fruits showed a beneficial 'catalytic' fructose effect. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, dried fruits have a lower GI and reduce the glycemic response of white bread through displacement of half of the available carbohydrate. Longer-term randomized trials are needed to confirm whether dried fruit can contribute to sustainable improvements in glycemic control.

Salas-Huetos, A., Moraleda, R., BACKGROUND: Human semen quality has declined in industrialized countries. Pollution, smoking, and the consumption of a Western-style diet are all hypothesized as potential causes. OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the effect of Giardina, S., Anton, E., Blanco, chronic consumption of nuts on changes in conventional semen parameters and the potential mechanisms implicated. J., Salas-Salvadó, J., DESIGN: The FERTINUTS study was a 14-wk randomized, controlled, parallel trial. A total of 119 healthy men, aged 18- & Bulló, M. (2018). Effect of nut consumption on semen quality 35 y, were allocated to 1 of 2 intervention groups: one group was fed the usual Western-style diet enriched with 60 g of a mixture of nuts/d (nut group), and the other was fed the usual Western-style diet avoiding nuts (control group). Semen and functionality in healthy men and blood samples were collected at baseline and at the end of the intervention. Dietary information was recorded consuming a Western-style diet: throughout the trial. Changes in conventional semen parameters (pH, volume, sperm count and concentration, motility, a randomized controlled trial. and morphology) were determined as primary outcomes. The effect of nut consumption on sperm DNA fragmentation The American Journal of Clinical (SDF), reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, chromosome anomalies (X, Y, and 18), total DNA methylation, and Nutrition, 108(5), 953-962. microRNA expression were measured in sperm samples as potential causes of the changes in the seminogram. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, improvements in total sperm count (P = 0.002) and vitality (P = 0.003), total motility (P = 0.006), progressive motility (P = 0.036), and morphology of sperm (P = 0.008) were observed in the nut group. Participants in the nut group showed an increase in the consumption of total fat, monounsaturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, magnesium, vitamin E, ω-linolenic acid, total omega-3 (n-3) and ω-3:ω-6 ratio intake during the intervention. Participants in the nut group showed a significant reduction in SDF (P < 0.001) and in the expression of hsa-miR-34b-3p (P = 0.036). No significant changes in ROS, sperm chromosome anomalies, or DNA methylation were observed between groups. CONCLUSIONS: The inclusion of nuts in a Western-style diet significantly improves the total sperm count and the vitality, motility, and morphology of the sperm. These findings could be partly explained by a reduction in the sperm DNA fragmentation. This trial was registered at ISRCTN as ISRCTN12857940.

Baer, D., & Novotny, J. (2019). Recent studies have demonstrated that the energy provided by several tree nuts is less than that predicted by the Metabolizable Energy from Atwater factors, though energy available from cashews has never been assessed. The objective of this study was to Cashew Nuts is Less than evaluate the metabolizable energy in cashew nuts. Eighteen healthy adults were enrolled in a randomized, crossover that Predicted by Atwater study with two treatment periods. Subjects were fed a fully controlled base diet for 4 weeks with either no additions or Factors. Nutrients, 11(1), 33. with the addition of 42 g/day (1.5 servings) of cashew nuts, with the final treatment diets being isocaloric. Complete diet collections were analyzed for nitrogen (for protein), fat, energy, and carbohydrate by difference. During the final week of each intervention phase, subjects collected all feces and urine produced, and these were also analyzed for nitrogen (feces and urine), energy (feces and urine), and fat (feces). The resulting data were used to calculate the metabolizable energy of cashews and the digestibility of macronutrients. The average available energy (calorie) content of a 28 g serving of cashew nuts was 137 kcal (±3.4 kcal SEM) and ranged from 105 to 151 kcal. The mean value of 137 kcal/serving is 16% lower (p < 0.0001) than what is typically found on food labels. Digestibility of energy, fat, protein, and carbohydrate was lower for the cashew-containing diet compared to the control diet (92.9% vs. 94.9%, p < 0.0001 for energy; 96.1% vs. 97.8%, p = 0.0009 for fat; 90.1% vs. 91.2%, p = 0.0012 for protein; 92.9% vs. 94.9%, p < 0.0001 for carbohydrate; for the cashew-containing diet vs. the control diet, respectively). In conclusion, cashews provide fewer calories than the values predicted by the Atwater factors, as found on current food labels.

40 March 2019 | NUTFRUIT

Health News

Baer, D., & Novotny, J. (2019). BACKGROUND: The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved a qualified health claim for tree nuts and Consumption of cashew nuts reduction of cardiovascular disease. However, cashews are excluded from that claim due to their content of saturated does not influence blood lipids fats, which is predominantly stearic acid. Because stearic acid is neutral with respect to blood lipids, several studies or other markers of have been conducted to test the effect of cashew nuts on blood lipids, and these studies have produced conflicting cardiovascular disease in results. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to conduct a highly controlled intervention to determine the effect of cashews fed at the amount specified in the health claim on risk factors for cardiovascular disease. A total humans: a randomized METHODS: of 42 adults participated in a controlled-feeding study conducted as a randomized crossover trial with 2 treatment controlled trial. The American phases. The volunteers were provided the same base diet in both treatment phases, with no additions during the Journal of Clinical Nutrition, control phase and with the addition of 1.5 servings (42 g) of cashews/d for the cashew nut phase. During the cashew 109(2), 269-275. nut phase, the amount of all foods was decreased proportionally to achieve isocaloric overall diets in the 2 phases. After 4 wk of intervention, assessments included blood lipids, blood pressure, central (aortic) pressure, augmentation index, blood glucose, endothelin, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), adhesion molecules, and clotting and inflammatory factors.RESULTS: There were no significant differences in blood lipids, blood pressure, augmentation index, blood glucose, endothelin, adhesion molecules, or clotting factors in this weight-stable cohort. PCSK9 was significantly decreased after cashew consumption, although there was no change in LDL cholesterol. CONCLUSIONS: Consumption of 1.5 servings of cashew nuts/d, the amount associated with the FDA qualified health claim for tree nuts and cardiovascular disease, did not positively or adversely affect any of the primary risk factors for cardiovascular disease. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02628171.

Tindall, A. M., Johnston, E. A., BACKGROUND: Observational evidence suggests higher nut consumption is associated with better glycemic control; however, it is unclear if this association is causal. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta- Kris-Etherton, P. M., & Petersen, analysis of randomized controlled trials to examine the effect of tree nuts and peanuts on markers of glycemic control K. S. (2019). The effect of nuts on markers of glycemic control: in adults. METHODS: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials was conducted. A total a systematic review and of 1063 potentially eligible articles were screened in duplicate. From these articles, 40 were eligible for inclusion and data from these articles were extracted in duplicate. The weighted mean difference (WMD) between the nut meta-analysis of randomized intervention and control arms was determined for fasting glucose, fasting , glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and controlled trials. The American homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) using the DerSimonian and Laird random-effects Journal of Clinical Nutrition, method. For outcomes where a limited number of studies were published, a qualitative synthesis was presented. 109(2), 297-314. RESULTS: A total of 40 randomized controlled trials including 2832 unique participants, with a median duration of 3 mo (range: 1-12 mo), were included. Overall consumption of tree nuts or peanuts had a favorable effect on HOMA-IR (WMD: -0.23; 95% CI: -0.40, -0.06; I2 = 51.7%) and fasting insulin (WMD: -0.40 μIU/mL; 95% CI: -0.73, -0.07 μIU/mL; I2 = 49.4%). There was no significant effect of nut consumption on fasting blood glucose (WMD: -0.52 mg/dL; 95% CI: -1.43, 0.38 mg/dL; I2 = 53.4%) or HbA1c (WMD: 0.02%; 95% CI: -0.01%, 0.04%; I2 = 51.0%). CONCLUSIONS: Consumption of peanuts or tree nuts significantly decreased HOMA-IR and fasting insulin; there was no effect of nut consumption on HbA1c or fasting glucose. The results suggest that nut consumption may improve insulin sensitivity. In the future, well-designed clinical trials are required to elucidate the mechanisms that account for these observed effects.

Yin, X., & Bostick, R. M. (2018). INTRODUCTION: Consumption of nuts, which contain multiple anti-carcinogenic components, has been inversely Associations of Nut Intakes with associated with colorectal cancer (CRC), particularly among women, but has not been investigated in relation to Incident Sporadic Colorectal colorectal adenoma, the immediate precursor to most CRCs. METHODS: We pooled data from three case-control Adenoma: A Pooled Case-Control studies of incident, sporadic colorectal adenoma (n = 785 cases, 2107 controls) in which dietary intakes were Study. Nutrition and cancer, 1-8. assessed using food frequency questionnaires, and analyzed the data using multivariable unconditional logistic regression. RESULTS: Among men and women combined, the multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association of total nut product (all nuts and peanut butter combined) intakes, for those who consumed 0.5-1.5, 2.0-5.5, and ≥6 servings/week relative to no nut consumption were 0.81 (0.58, 1.12), 0.86 (0.61, 1.23), and 0.93 (0.65, 1.31), respectively. However, among women, the corresponding ORs and 95% CIs were 0.62 (0.40, 0.97), 0.57 (0.35, 0.94), and 0.78 (0.48, 1.25), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that moderate nut consumption may be associated with lower risk for colorectal adenoma, primarily among women.

42 March 2019 | NUTFRUIT

Health News

Michels, A. J., Leonard, S. W., BACKGROUND: Inadequate vitamin E and magnesium intakes are of concern for older adults owing to the associated incidence of age-related diseases. OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to determine the extent to which a 16-wk Uesugi, S. L., Bobe, G., Frei, intervention with hazelnuts alters vitamin E and magnesium status in a group of older men and women, and used a B., & Traber, M. G. (2018). Daily Consumption of Oregon pre-post intervention design without a control group to adjust for temporal changes. METHODS: Participants (n = 32 Hazelnuts Affects α-Tocopherol including 22 women; mean ± SD age: 63 ± 6 y) consumed hazelnuts (∼57 g/d) for 16 wk. Blood and urine samples and anthropomorphic measures were taken at the start and end of the intervention to determine plasma concentrations Status in Healthy Older Adults: of α-tocopherol and serum concentrations of magnesium, lipids, glucose, insulin, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein A Pre-Post Intervention along with urinary vitamin E metabolites; several other micronutrients were measured by a lymphocyte proliferation Study. , The Journal of nutrition assay. There were 3 primary endpoints, calculated as the mean changes in measurements between baseline and (12), 1924-1930. 148 the end of the 16-wk intervention for 1) plasma α-tocopherol, 2) urinary α-carboxyethyl hydroxychromanol (α-CEHC; an α-tocopherol metabolite), and 3) serum magnesium. RESULTS: Hazelnut consumption increased concentrations of the urinary α-tocopherol metabolite α-CEHC (mean ± SD: 0.84 ± 0.45 to 1.14 ± 0.50 µmol/g creatinine; P = 0.0006). In addition, hazelnut consumption increased serum concentrations of magnesium (+2.1%, P = 0.05), decreased concentrations of fasting glucose (-3.4%, P = 0.03) and LDL cholesterol (-6.0%, P = 0.02), and decreased total:HDL cholesterol ratios (-4.5%, P = 0.009). No significant changes were observed in blood pressure, lymphocyte proliferation assays, and serum concentrations of insulin, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, triglyceride, α-tocopherol, or HDL cholesterol. CONCLUSIONS: Consuming hazelnuts improves a biomarker of vitamin E status in older adults. Vitamin E is a shortfall micronutrient, as identified by the Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2015-2020, which frequently is consumed at levels less than the Estimated Average Requirement of 12 mg/d; thus, hazelnuts should be considered as part of a healthy dietary pattern. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03485989.

Assaf-Balut, C., de la Torre, N. G., AIMS: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of a Mediterranean diet (MedDiet), enhanced with extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) and nuts, on a composite of adverse maternofoetal outcomes of women with normoglycemia during pregnancy. Duran, A., Fuentes, M., Bordiú, METHODS: This was a sub-analysis of the St Carlos gestational diabetes mellitus Prevention Study. Only normoglycemic E., del Valle, L., ... & Izquierdo, women were analysed (697). They were randomized (at 8-12th gestational weeks) to: standard-care control group N. (2019). A Mediterranean Diet with an Enhanced Consumption of (337), where fat consumption was limited to 30% of total caloric intake; or intervention group (360), where a MedDiet, enhanced with EVOO and pistachios (40-42% fats of total caloric intake) was recommended. The primary outcome was Extra Virgin Olive Oil and Pistachios a composite of maternofoetal outcomes (CMFOs): at least having 1 event of emergency C-section, perineal trauma, Improves Pregnancy Outcomes in pregnancy-induced hypertension and preeclampsia, prematurity, large-for-gestational-age and small-for gestational- Women Without Gestational Diabetes age. RESULTS: Crude relative risk showed that the intervention was associated with a significant reduction in the risk of Mellitus: A Sub-Analysis of the St. CMFOs (0.48 [0.37-0.63]; p = 0.0001), with a number-needed-to-treat = 5. Risk of urinary tract infections, emergency Carlos Gestational Diabetes Mellitus C-sections, perineal trauma, large-for-gestational-age and small-for gestational age new-borns were also significantly Prevention Study. Annals of Nutrition reduced. CONCLUSION: A MedDiet, enhanced with EVOO and nuts, was associated with a risk reduction of CMFOs in and Metabolism, 74(1), 69-79. over 50% in normoglycemic pregnant women. Therefore, it might be a potentially adequate diet for pregnant women.

Liu, G., Guasch-Ferre, M., Hu, RATIONALE: The evidence regarding the potential health benefits of nut consumption among individuals with type 2 diabetes is limited. OBJECTIVE: To examine intake of total and specific types of nuts, including tree nuts and peanuts, Y., Li, Y., Hu, F.B., Rimm, E.B., in relation to subsequent risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), including coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke, and Manson, J.E., Rexrode, K., Sun, all-cause and cause-specific mortality among individuals with diabetes.METHODS AND RESULTS: This prospective Q. (2019). Nut Consumption in Relation to Cardiovascular analysis included 16,217 men and women with diabetes at baseline or diagnosed during follow-up (Nurses' Health Study: 1980-2014, Health Professionals Follow-Up Study: 1986-2014). Nut consumption was assessed using a validated food Disease Incidence and Mortality frequency questionnaire and updated every 2-4 years. During 223,682 and 254,923 person-years of follow-up, there among Patients with Diabetes were 3,336 incident CVD cases and 5,682 deaths. Higher total nut consumption was associated with a lower risk of Mellitus. Circulation Research. CVD incidence and mortality. The multivariate-adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for participants who consumed 5 or more servings of total nuts per week (1 serving=28g), compared with those who consumed less than 1 serving per month, were 0.83 (0.71-0.98; P trend=0.01) for total CVD incidence, 0.80 (0.67-0.96; P trend=0.005) for CHD incidence, 0.66 (0.52-0.84; P trend<0.001) for CVD mortality, and 0.69 (0.61-0.77; P trend<0.001) for all- cause mortality. Total nut consumption was not significantly associated with risk of stroke incidence or cancer mortality. For specific types of nuts, higher tree nut consumption was associated with lower risk of total CVD, CHD incidence, and mortality due to CVD, cancer, and all causes, while peanut consumption was associated with lower all-cause mortality only (all P trend<0.001). In addition, compared with participants who did not change the consumption of total nuts from pre- to post-diabetes diagnosis, participants who increased consumption of total nuts after diabetes diagnosis had an 11% lower risk of CVD, a 15% lower CHD risk, a 25% lower CVD mortality, and a 27% lower all-cause mortality. The associations persisted in subgroup analyses stratified by sex/cohort, body mass index at diabetes diagnosis, smoking status, diabetes duration, nut consumption before diabetes diagnosis, or diet quality. CONCLUSIONS: Higher consumption of nuts, especially tree nuts, is associated with lower CVD incidence and mortality among participants with diabetes. These data provide novel evidence that supports the recommendation of incorporating nuts into healthy dietary patterns for the prevention of CVD complications and premature deaths among individuals with diabetes.

44 March 2019 | NUTFRUIT

46 March 20192019 || NUTFRUITNUTFRUIT INC Congress

NETWORK WITH THE INDUSTRY’S TOP LEADERS AND EXPERTS AND GAIN ACCESS TO NEW DEBATES AND IDEAS 1,300+ ATTENDEES FROM 60+ COUNTRIES

> 60+ GLOBAL INDUSTRY SPEAKERS > 12 NUT AND DRIED FRUIT ROUND TABLES > 3 KEYNOTE SPEAKERS > 1 SCIENCE SEMINAR > 1 NUTRITION SEMINAR > 3 EVENING SOCIAL EVENTS

GAIN INSIGHTS INTO WHERE THE NUT AND DRIED FRUIT INDUSTRY IS GOING

www.nutfruitcongress.org MarchMarch 2019 | NUTFRUIT 47 INC Congress A STIMULATING THREE-DAY PROGRAM TO EXPLORE, DEBATE AND EXCHANGE IDEAS

From 23-25 May 2019, Boca Raton Resort & Club in Florida will provide a unique environment to take the industry’s pulse through a complete set of round tables, seminars and keynote speakers. All meetings and social events will take place in the high-end venue that is Boca Raton Resort & Club. PRELIMINARY PROGRAM Tuesday 21, 9:00 AM - 6:00 PM Congress Registration > Mizner Conference Center in Boca Raton Resort & Club. Wednesday 22, 8:00 AM - 6:00 PM Congress Registration > Mizner Conference Center in Boca Raton Resort & Club. Thursday 23 Friday 24 Saturday 25 7:30 AM - 6:00 PM Congress Registration 7:30 AM - 6:00 PM Congress Registration 7:30 AM - 2:00 PM Congress Registration > Mizner Conference Center > Mizner Conference Center > Mizner Conference Center

8:30 AM - 5:30 PM Booth Exhibition 8:30 AM - 5:30 PM Booth Exhibition 8:30 AM - 5:30 PM Booth Exhibition 8:30 AM - 5:30 PM All-day Coffee 8:30 AM - 5:30 PM All-day Coffee 8:30 AM - 5:30 PM All-day Coffee Continental Breakfast will be served Continental Breakfast will be served Continental Breakfast will be served from 7:00 to 8:30am. from 7:00 to 8:30am. from 7:00 to 8:30am. Sponsored by Setton Pistachios Sponsored by Besana Group Sponsored by Blue Diamond Growers of Terra Bella, Inc

8:30 AM - 5:30 PM Meeting Area 8:30 AM - 5:30 PM Meeting Area 8:30 AM - 5:30 PM Meeting Area Sponsored Sponsored Sponsored by Balsu Gida by Balsu Gida by Balsu Gida

8:30 - 9:30 AM ALMONDS 8:30 - 9:30 AM WALNUTS 8:30 - 9:15 AM ANNUAL REPORT Round Table Round Table Delivery of the Excellence in Research Award, Chair: Mark Jansen, Blue Diamond Growers, USA Chair: John Aguiar, Mariani Nut Company, USA Excellence in Gastronomy Award, Innovation Award

9:30 - 10:15 AM NUTRITION SEMINAR Chair: Prof. Jordi Salas-Salvadó, Chairman, INC World 9:15 - 10:15 AM HAZELNUTS 9:30 - 10:15 AM KEYNOTE SPEAKER Forum for Nutrition Research and Dissemination Round Table Dr. Oz, talk show and TV personality Guest Speaker: Prof. Linda Tapsell, University of Chair: Ahmet Bilge Anbarlilar, Balsu Gida, Turkey Wollongong, Australia 10:15 - 11:00 AM SCIENTIFIC SEMINAR Chair: Pino Calcagni, Chairman, INC Scientific and 10:15 - 11:00 AM MACADAMIAS Government Affairs Committee Round Table 10:15 - 10:45 KEYNOTE SPEAKER Guest Speaker: Vicki McWilliam, AdvAPD, Paediatric Chair: Lizel Pretorius, Macadamias South Africa, Rose Research, Artificial Intelligence Dietician, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Dept. of Allergy South Africa and Immunology, Australia 11:00 AM - 12:00 PM DRIED APRICOTS, FIGS 10:45 - 11:45 AM DRIED CRANBERRIES, 11:00 - 11:45 AM KEYNOTE SPEAKER & DATES RAISINS/SULTANAS/CURRANTS & PRUNES Hamdi Ulukaya, Founder, Chairman and CEO of Round Table Round Table Chobani LLC (Yogurts) Chair: Riccardo Calcagni, Besana Group, Italy Chair: Brad Schuler, Sunsweet Growers Inc., USA

12:00 - 12:30 PM PINE NUTS 11:45 AM - 12:15 PM PEANUTS 11:45 AM - 12:45 PM CASHEWS Round Table Round Table Round Table Chair: Dan Phipps, Red River Foods Inc., USA Chair: Patrick Archer, American Peanut Council, USA Chair: David Rosenblatt, The Richard Franco Agency, USA

12:30 - 1:00 PM BRAZIL NUTS 12:15 - 1:15 PM PISTACHIOS 12:45 - 1:15 PM PECANS Round Table Round Table Round Table Chair: Edward Danon, Voicevale, UK Chair: Mia Cohen, Setton Pistachio of Terra Bella Inc., USA Chair: Steve Zaffarano, National Pecan Company, USA

1:00 - 2:30 PM Buffet 1:00 - 2:30 PM Buffet 1:00 - 2:30 PM Buffet Working Lunch Working Lunch Working Lunch 2:30 - 4:00 PM GLOBAL INTER-BOARD COOPERATION SUMMIT > Estate II & III Chair: Antonio Pont, INC Honorary President 4:00 INC ACADEMIA Presentation of Certificates > Estate I 6:30 - 7:30 PM GALA COCKTAIL 7:00 - 10:00 PM BUFFET CASUAL DINNER 7:30 PM - 12:00 AM GALA DINNER & BALL – THE HAVANA NIGHT Delivery of the: 6:00 - 8:00 PM WELCOME COCKTAIL Sponsored by Individual Golden Nut Award > Cloister Garden & Garden Pool Wonderful Pistachios & Almonds Corporate Golden Nut Award > Beach Club Sponsored by Chilean Walnut Commission > Grand Ballroom at the Mizner Conference Center

48 March 2019 | NUTFRUIT INC Congress

KEYNOTE SPEAKERS

Renowned experts in different fields will add something special to the INC Congress.

DR. OZ Thursday, May 23, 2019 9:30 - 10:15 AM

Dr. Oz has won Ten Daytime Emmy® Awards for “The Dr. Oz Show” and is an Attending Physician at NY Presbyterian-Columbia Medical Center. Dr. Oz received his undergraduate degree from Harvard University and obtained a joint MD and MBA from the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine and Wharton Business School. Previously, Dr. Oz was a featured health expert on “The Oprah Winfrey Show” for six seasons. He is the co-founder of Sharecare.com which won “Best Medical App” award for AskMD in 2014 and has a bookazine with Hearst titled, “The Good Life.” Dr. Oz is also the proud author of eight New York Times Best Sellers including his most recent, “Food Can Fix It.” In addition to belonging to every major professional society for heart surgeons, Dr. Oz has been named Time magazine’s 100 Most Influential People, Forbes’ most influential celebrity, Esquire magazine’s 75 Most Influential People of the 21st Century, a Global Leader of Tomorrow by the World Economic Forum, Harvard’s 100 Most Influential Alumni, as is a recipient of the Ellis Island Medal of Honor and AARP 50 Influential people over 50. Dr. Oz resides in New Jersey with his wife Lisa Oz and is a proud father of four and grandfather of three.

HAMDI ULUKAYA, CHOBANI Friday, May 24, 2019 11:00 - 11:45 AM

Hamdi Ulukaya is founder, Chairman and CEO of Chobani, one of the fastest growing food companies in the last decade and a pioneer for the natural food movement. Raised in a dairy-farming family in a small village in eastern Turkey, Ulukaya launched Chobani in 2007 and in less than five years, it became the No. 1-selling Greek Yogurt brand in the US. In 2017, Chobani was named to Fortune’s “Change the World” list of companies. Ulukaya has always made helping people and having a positive impact on communities a priority for Chobani. Among others, he advocated in support of a proposal to increase the minimum wage in New York that ultimately became law. A devoted humanitarian, he was named an Eminent Advocate by the United Nations Refugee Agency (UNHCR) and received the United Nations Foundation Global Leadership Award. Ulukaya was also named one of TIME’s 100 Most Influential People in the World for his work on the refugee crisis and his innovative approach to business. He sits on the board of the Pathfinder Village and The American Turkish Council, and member of the B Team, a collective of global leaders working to inspire dialogue and business for a fairer, greener and more human economy.

March 2019 | NUTFRUIT 49 INC Congress

INC AWARDS THE BEST CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE NUT AND DRIED FRUIT INDUSTRY

Each year, the International Nut and Dried Fruit Council awards the best contributions to the nut and dried fruit business. From individuals to organizations throughout the world, the INC is pleased to recognize these people and groups who have done so much for the nut and dried fruit industry.

The Individual Golden Nut Award will be given to Mr. Berton Steir, Vice President of The Wonderful Company. Bert Steir has been working in the nut and citrus industry for over 38 years. He was a founder of the original Paramount nut group, and is now Vice President of The Wonderful Company. Before that he was an executive of two New York stock exchange companies. He grew up in Boston, graduated from Harvard College, magna cum laude. Prior to college he served in the U.S. Infantry in France, Germany and the Philippine Islands during World War II. He was awarded the Bronze Star for his service. Since moving to California, Bert and his wife, Judy, have also kept a home in New York, where Judy spends most of her time tracking their expanding clan of 21 children, grandchildren and great-grandchildren.

The Award for Excellence in Research will be delivered to Prof. Linda Tapsell from the School of Medicine and Faculty of Science Medicine and Health, in University of Wollongong, Australia. For over 30 years, she has conducted ongoing clinical trials manipulating the macronutrient content of diets, testing the impact of individual foods on health outcomes and evaluating the efficacy of healthy dietary patterns in lifestyle interventions. She has over 200 scientific publications, including a textbookFood, Nutrition and Health (Oxford University Press). Prof. Tapsell has trained a generation of nutrition scientists and practitioners and is a Fellow of both the Australian Nutrition Society and the Association. In 2015 she was named a member of the Order of Australia for “significant service to health science as an academic and clinician specializing in diet and nutrition”.

CORPORATE AND INDIVIDUAL GOLDEN NUT AND DRIED FRUIT AWARD PAST WINNERS:

1984 Reus, Spain 1991 Vienna, Austria 2000 Kona, Hawaii, 2011 Budapest, Ferrero S.p.A., Italy Dipl. Ing. Otto Riedl, Austria USA Hungary Jack Axer, USA Cadbury Ltd., United Kingdom Ömer Faruk Dogan, Turkey Tesco Stores Ltd, UK Alick J. Renshaw, United 1992 Manaus, Brazil 2001 Barcelona, Spain 2013 Barcelona, Kingdom Maseto S.L., Spain José Borrell S.A., Spain Spain Isaac Benayon Sabba, Brazil Jasper Sanfilippo, USA 1985 Hamburg, Germany 2003 Istanbul, Turkey Antonio Borras, Spain 1993 Athens, Don Soetaert, USA 2014 Melbourne, Dr. Leon Pisani, Germany ION S.A., Greece Australia Lewis S. Slate, USA Paul Graf, Switzerland 2005 Berlin, Germany John Waring, Australia Werner Holm, Germany 1986 Istanbul, Turkey 1994 Cairns, Australia 2015 Antalya, Dr. Pier Luigi Noberasco, Italy Deane Stahmann, Australia 2006 Montreal, Turkey Prof. Dr. Mahmut Ayfer, Turkey Ian McConachie, Australia Canada H. Cuneyd Zapsu,Turkey Johnvince Foods, Canada 1987 Montreaux, 1995 Luxembourg 2016 San Diego, Switzerland The Ülker Group, Turkey 2007 Madrid, Spain USA Migros Cooperative, Switzerland Ferrero, Italy The Wonferful Company, USA Rafael Moran Mediña, Spain 1996 Tel-Aviv, Israel Antonio Pont, Spain Jack Mariani, USA Edmond Opler, USA Elite Industries Ltd., Israel 2008 Santiago 2017 Chennai, 1988 Lisbon, Portugal 1997 London, United de Chile, Chile Kingdom India Perugina S.r.L., Italy ProChile, Chile K. Ravindranathan, India Antonio Magalhaes Silva, Hershey Foods Corporation, USA Portugal Chris Hacking, United Kingdom 2009 Monte-Carlo, 2018 Seville, Monaco Spain 1989 Paris, France 1998 Charleston, USA Giuseppe Calcagni, Italy Planters Company, USA Borges Agricultural and Nestle S.A., Switzerland Industrial Nuts, Spain Gill & Duffus Landauer, United Dr. Gary Fraser, USA 2010 Beijing, China CCCFNA, China Giles Hacking, UK Kingdom 1999 , Italy Simon Khayat, France Cheng Hung Kay, Hong Kong, Barilla Spa, Italy China

50 March 2019 | NUTFRUIT INC Congress

INNOVATION AWARD

Since 2011, the INC has helped to promote innovative products through the Innovation Award. This competition is the once a year opportunity to highlight new products, services, packaging or technology, and for the INC to distinguish the unique and incredible ways the industry is moving forward.

WHY ENTER? » Reach 1,300+ participants from 60+ countries » Highlight your new products or services » Enhance your company’s reputation for innovation

INC members attending the Congress and wishing to take part in the Innovation Award should send their applications before April 10, 2019. For more information, please visit www.nutfruitcongress. Mia Cohen (Setton Pistachio of Terra Bella, Inc.) winner of the 2018 org or e-mail [email protected]. Innovation Award.

ACCOMPANYING PERSONS TOURS

Boca Raton is an amazing city with an unspoiled nature and a Mediterranean colonial revival architecture. Let yourself be seduced by Boca Raton, the southernmost city in Palm Beach County, Florida. The INC accompanying persons tours will provide participants with an unparalleled experience.

BOCA RATON CATAMARAN TOUR May 24, 2019

Enjoy the Catamaran Tour viewing some of the most beautiful estate mansions and yachts along the intracoastal in Boca Raton while enjoying cool beverages and an on-board lunch.

PALM BEACH TOUR May 25, 2019

Palm Beach has always attracted the great names of high society, from the Kennedy to the Pulitzer, to the Trump. The island of Palm Beach is home to legendary resorts, exquisite mansions and historic landmarks, including Henry Flagler's former residence, now the Flagler Museum. Lined with stately palm trees, the shopping nirvana of Worth Avenue is known worldwide. Palm Beach Island's Gilded Age architecture will captivate you.

March 2019 | NUTFRUIT 51 INC Congress

EXPLORING THE GLAMUROUS MIAMI

WITH INC POST-TOUR Date: Sunday, May 26, 2019 Departure from Boca Raton: 8:30am or those delegates and accompanying persons who wish to End of tour at Miami take advantage of visiting the city of Miami and Miami Beach International Airport: 2pm. Fbefore taking their return flights, we propose on Sunday, May Price per person: 26, a nice guided tour that will end at 2:00 pm at Miami International $165 per person (including lunch, service charge and tax). Airport. If your flight departs on Sunday afternoon, this is an interesting activity to consider. TO TAKE INTO ACCOUNT Departing from Boca Raton Resort at 8:30 am, the Tour will include » Lunch is included the famous Ocean Drive at Miami Beach to enjoy the iconic Art Deco » Guide included architecture, Lincoln Road, and crossing Biscayne Bay on the way to » No return to Boca Raton Resort, the tour finalizes at Miami the most vibrant and disruptive districts of the city to admire the murals International Airport and graffiti in Wynwood and the Design District. » Guests luggage will be stored at the coach during the tour The tour will finish with a nice group lunch at the well-known » In case your flight departs earlier you can skip the tour at Restaurant “Rusty Pelican” from where we will have the opportunity to any time and take a taxi to the airport enjoy stunning views of Downtown’s beautiful skyline. » Limited number of places

EVENING SOCIAL EVENTS

WELCOME COCKTAIL (May 23, 2019) Cloister Garden & Garden Pool

The iconic and breathtaking Cloister of Boca Raton Resort & Beach Club will host the welcoming party of the Congress, a cocktail evening to enjoy the music and the atmosphere, to meet other friends and partners from the industry while taking advantage of such a networking opportunity.

BUFFET CASUAL DINNER: THE HAVANA NIGHT (May 24, 2019) Beach Club

The Caribbean, the beach and the palm trees of the resort’s Beach Club will be the matchless venue where Congress delegates and accompanying persons will immerse themselves into the Havana Night. Live music and a set of the most exotic Cuban ambience, among other shows and surprises, will generate a unique and genuine atmosphere.

Sponsored by Wonderful Pistachios & Almonds

GALA COCKTAIL, DINNER & BALL (May 25, 2019) Grand Lawn and Grand Ballroom

The traditional Gala Dinner and Ball will be celebrated at the marvelous Grand Ballroom. The Golden Nut Award ceremony stands as the central moment of the program, that also includes live music. Delicious food, fine wine and a glamorous atmosphere will captivate you in a delightful soiree of joy.

Sponsored by the Chilean Walnut Commission

52 March 2019 | NUTFRUIT INC Congress

CONNECT WITH 1,300+ INDUSTRY LEADERS THROUGH THE ONLINE MEETING POINT

INC gives participants the opportunity to network before, during and after Boca Raton

he Online Meeting Point is the best tool to connect participants with other attendees and exhibitors before, during and after Tthe event. Filter by country, commercial activity and product, and once found, the user can contact other participants and set-up appointments in advance. That is why attending the World Nut and Dried Fruit Congress provides participants with additional opportunities to interact with other industry members such as manufacturers, importers, exporters, processors and suppliers. All confirmed delegates will recieve their username and password to access the online tool and then, they can start taking advantages of the Meeting Point. Also, attendees can create a personalized schedule including conference sessions and meetings. And as a novelty of this year’s edition, users can edit themselves their profile data information and change their profile picture. The Meeting Point is therefore a unique platform enabling INC members to take full advantage of their time while at the Congress. Both the congress website and the Meeting Point are available for all Sponsored by Crain Walnut Shelling, Inc., mobile devices. and Crisol de Frutos Secos

EVERYTHING YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT BOCA RATON IS ALREADY AVAILABLE ON YOUR SMARTPHONE

Download the Congress presentations with the official INC World Congress App

s in other editions, participants In addition, the Online Meeting Point will attending the INC Congress will also be available through the official app, Ahave all the necessary information providing delegates with a better experience at their disposal on their mobile phones, in terms of usability and sociability. The INC thanks to the official Congress App. The Congress App is available on Google Play (for tool contains a complete set of information Android) and the App Store (for ). including the sessions program, evening Go mobile and take the INC Congress in social events, speakers, awards, list of Boca Raton with you on your smartphone! participants, exhibitors and sponsors. With the Congress App, attendees also have the opportunity to download the presentations delivered at the round tables, seminars and keynote speaker sessions, as well as the Q&A, that allow participants to interact during congress sessions by asking questions which will be displayed on the screen for the panelists to answer. Sponsored by CG Hacking & Sons Limited

March 2019 | NUTFRUIT 53 INC Congress

SPONSORS & EXHIBITORS

Strengthen your brand, expand your reputation and take advantage of an environment fully oriented to the nut and dried fruit business. Take a sponsorship opportunity and ensure your brand is seen by 1,300+ world-class industry leaders and professionals.

We thank our sponsors and exhibitors for their ongoing support. www.nutfruitcongress.org

54 March 2019 | NUTFRUIT INCINC NewsNews

INC ACADEMIA: WHERE LEADERS OF THE INDUSTRY ARE SHAPED!

This year’s program includes more than 40 video tutorials and a dossier with a summary of the course. Also, students have the chance to visit orchards and factories of top companies in California and immerse in case studies led by professors from prestigious business schools.

t’s time to celebrate! In February 2018, What is the Executive Program on the key aspects of the nut and dried fruit sector, the INC launched one of its most exciting Nuts and Dried Fruits? including soil and climate, varieties and uses, Iprojects: the INC Academia, and its first The Executive Program on Nuts and Dried nutrition facts, food safety and quality standards, Executive Program on Nuts and Dried Fruits, Fruits combines online lessons, with readings, processing, consumption trends, and strategies an educational course on the basics of the nut videos and self-assessment tests, plus an for successful negotiations, among others. The and dried fruit industry. This year, the INC is intensive on-site course, where students will contents have been designed and created by pleased to announce the launch of the second have the opportunity to learn through case top experts from the world’s most prestigious edition, which boasts visits to some of the most studies and visit orchards and factories. institutions and companies. This year’s program advanced orchards and processing plants in The online course (10 units, 50 hours) includes more than 40 video tutorials and a California. provides students with a basic understanding of dossier, summary of the course. The on-site course (4 days, +10 hours of preparatory tasks and readings) will take AUTHORS place in California, from May 18 to 21, 2019, Mr. Rudolf Ernst Dr. Cameon Ivarsson just before the 38th World Nut and Dried Fruit August Töpfer & Co, Napasol Germany Switzerland Congress in Boca Raton. Students will visit the orchards and factories of top companies: Mr. José Roig Borrell Ms. Myla Tadulan-Santos Borrell® Nielsen Mariani Packing, Blue Diamond Growers, Spain-USA Australia Carriere Family Farms, Strain Ranches, Vann Brothers, Vann Family Orchards Dr.-ING. Malte Ahrens Mr. Stefano Massari Bühler Aeroglide Oltremare and Yolo Hulling & Shelling, and will learn USA Italy through case studies by professors from Mr. Thomas Barber Prof. Jordi Salas-Salvadó prestigious business schools. The case Bühler Aeroglide Rovira i Virgili University studies will be held at UC Davis -one of the USA Spain top colleges of agricultural and environmental Prof. Dr. Uygun Aksoy Mr. Carlos de Pablos sciences in the world. Consultant Silliker Ibérica SAU Turkey Spain In addition, the INC Congress offers 50% discount on the Congress registration fee Mr. Klaus Ihrig Mr. David Woollard Detia Degesch tna Solutions Pty Ltd for students who take the full course (online Germany Australia + on-site).

Prof. Dr. Kandarp Mehta Mr. Steven Hiel IESE Business School Former Sales Manager at TOMRA The Online Course Spain Sorting Solutions Belgium 1. Origin and description: Introduction to the long history of nuts and dried fruits, their Mr. Marco Azzaretti Assoc. Prof. Cesarettin Alasalvar Key Technology TÜBITAK Marmara Research Center description and physiology. USA Turkey 2. Soil and climate: Which climates nuts

Mr. Wilfried Thobe Ms. Claudia Toussaint and dried fruits are adapted to, soils, water Mondi Consumer Goods Packaging Waren-Verein der Hamburger Börse e.V. demand and how climate conditions may Austria Germany affect the crops.

March 2019 | NUTFRUIT 55 ARE YOU CHOOSING BETWEEN QUALITY AND YIELD?

Achieve new levels of performance with VERYX®, the world’s most intelligent digital sorter for nuts.

Nut processors asked for transformative quality, efficiency and yield. Key Technology has answered. VERYX® with Pixel Fusion™ technology accurately discriminates FM, defects, insect damage and minor color differences better than any other sorter available.

• Minimize in-sort breakage – Gentle product handling with the patented Chycane™ Chute

• Improve quality – Even the smallest defects and FM are accurately identified and removed

• Remove foreign material – shell, membrane and paper VERYX® Chute-fed Sorter shell, fibers, stones, sticks and other unacceptable material

• Minimal operator intervention – Intuitive UI makes VERYX easy to operate

With VERYX, you don’t have to sacrifice yield to achieve your quality goals. Learn more at www.key.net.

Nut Fruit Ad 181023.indd 1 1/17/2019 1:59:36 PM INC News ARE YOU CHOOSING

BETWEEN QUALITY On-Site Course Saturday, Sunday, Monday, Tuesday May 22 May 23-25 PROGRAM May 18 May 19 May 20 May 21 AND YIELD? Registration Bus transfer Bus transfer Bus transfer San Francisco Visit to orchards Visit to processing Case Studies Bus transfer (walnuts) and plant (dried fruit) (Strategic Management) Visit to orchards processing plant Mariani Packing UC Davis, Foundation Achieve new levels of performance with (pistachios) Carriere Family Farms, Company, Vacaville Plant Services (FPS) Morning Glenn VERYX®, the world’s most intelligent digital Strain Ranches, Bus transfer Arbuckle sorter for nuts. Bus transfer Presentation of certificates Lunch Lunch Lunch Lunch Thursday, May 23, Nut processors asked for transformative quality, Visit to orchards Bus transfer Visit to processing Case Studies Free Day at 4:00 pm (almonds) plant (almonds) (Negotiation) Estate I efficiency and yield. Key Technology has answered. Blue Diamond Growers Visit to orchards Blue Diamond Growers, Boardroom (almonds) and Closing Cocktail VERYX® with Pixel Fusion™ technology accurately Sacramento Afternoon Bus transfer processing plant Vann Family Orchards, Bus transfer Bus transfer discriminates FM, defects, insect damage and minor Williams color differences better than any other sorter available. Bus transfer

• Minimize in-sort breakage – Gentle product handling Dinner Dinner Dinner Evening Overnight in Sacramento Overnight in Sacramento Overnight in Sacramento with the patented Chycane™ Chute

• Improve quality – Even the smallest defects and FM The full course includes a face-to-face experience of 4 days (+10 hours of preparatory tasks & readings). are accurately identified and removed The location will change every year. This year, the on-site course will take place in May 2019 in California, USA, just before the INC Congress. Don't miss the opportunity to attend the INC Congress in Boca Raton, • Remove foreign material – shell, membrane and paper Florida, after visiting orchards and processing plants of top companies in California. VERYX® Chute-fed Sorter shell, fibers, stones, sticks and other unacceptable material

• Minimal operator intervention – Intuitive UI makes VERYX easy to operate

With VERYX, you don’t have to sacrifice yield to achieve your quality goals. Learn more at www.key.net. 3. Varieties and uses: An overview of the - Blanching 7. Production, trade and consumption: main varieties and geographical distribution - Drying Global review of industry statistics, including of species, as well as traditional and recent - Sorting technologies production, trade and consumption volumes. products and uses. - Vacuum packing 8. Consumption trends: Understanding 4. Nutrition facts: A review of the nutritional - Pasteurization purchase behavior and capturing value and evidence-based health benefits of - Frying and dry roasting opportunities from emerging trends. nut and dried fruit consumption. - Flavoring 9. Arbitration rules: Overview of arbitration 5. Processing: Main processing operations - Multihead weighing and bag forming rules, procedures and tribunals, as well as that can take place during and after harvest, - Modified Atmosphere Packaging defaults and contract related issues. including shelling, drying, sorting and - Packaging 10. Negotiation: Essential strategies and skills allergen management. - Contaminant detection and removal for successful negotiations. - Harvest - Allergen management - Storage 6. Food safety and quality standards: - Fumigation with phosphine Review of the essential aspects of food - Shelling safety, quality standards and best practices.

March 2019 | NUTFRUIT 57

Nut Fruit Ad 181023.indd 1 1/17/2019 1:59:36 PM INC News

INC PAVILION GULFOOD 2019: THE INTERNATIONAL NUT AND DRIED FRUIT’S INDUSTRY SPOT LIGHT

15 companies joined the INC Pavilion at the world’s biggest annual food and hospitality event.

and embracing 5,000 local, regional and international exhibitors. With eight different food sectors, the event has showcased a wave of new services, consumer trends, innovation, unveiling opportunities and a real battle of flavors.

A Magical Premium Cocktail The INC Cocktail Event was again, as expected, one not-to-be-missed at Gulfood. Held on Tuesday, February 19, it was an informal gathering that provided an excellent chance to relax, meet friends and business partners. Industry professionals had the opportunity to share experiences, ollowing the previous experiences of atmosphere to showcase their products, network explore new markets and boost their 2017 and 2018, the INC has again and do business. Besides, the companies brands and products in a relaxed Ftaken part in Gulfood, the world’s benefited from a full-service package including atmosphere with a selection of top- largest annual food and beverages trade marketing material, daily lunch, networking quality drinks in hand, accompanied by show, held at the Dubai World Trade Center. areas, assistance with travel and accommodation an assortment of nuts and dried fruits. From February 17-21, covering 180 sq m and pre-show planning services. -the largest version ever- the INC Pavilion was home to booths and meeting spaces, hosting a Gulfood: A Real Battle of Flavors total of 15 co-exhibitors. The 24th edition of Gulfood exceeded all Over five days, the Pavilion saw a continuous expectations, attracting around 100,000 flow of visitors. Once again it was a business visitors and 5,000 exhibitors. Launched as a platform for the nut and dried fruit industry on biennial trade fair in 1987, Gulfood has grown which INC’s co-exhibitors created the ideal dramatically to reach more than 120 countries

We thank our exhibitors for joining us in the world’s biggest annual food and hospitality show:

58 March 2019 | NUTFRUIT INC News

The Pavilion was home to 15 co-exhibitors from 9 countries, in what is becoming the trading hub for the nut and dried fruit industry.

Boudjebel SA VACPA was created in Kiliçkesmez Gida San. Tic. Ltd. Sti, the Prize Nuts were another exhibitor in the INC 1982 by the Boudjebel family. As an exporter Turkish company founded in 2002, presented Pavilion. Also from Chile, they presented their of Tunisian dates, the company presented its their high-quality natural raw or roasted-salted activity focused on the export of high-quality high-quality products that have made them very pistachios and pistachio kernels from dark green Chilean walnuts. Their mission is to provide popular among customers in over 30 countries. to yellowish green -with or without skin, as well products with excellent standards of color, flavor as their activity with raisins and hazelnuts. and durability. Cooperative Unicoque, the French hazelnuts and walnuts cooperative, offered its Mariani Packing Company, the family- The PT Comextra Majora company excellence brand, KOKI, which represents more owned-and-operated company focused on focused on the cashew industry and showcased than 10,000 tons of nut production around the premium-quality dried fruits, presented the the nature of their business: activity based on world. European leader in its market, KOKI reasons why it’s considered the industry trustworthiness, professionalism and integrity. is the key partner of the most demanding leader and innovator in packaging and Coming from Indonesia, they showed how industrial hazelnut users. processing capabilities. they continuously develop and upgrade their produce and product-quality performance in Exportadora Huertos del Valle’s The Greek Dryfo Menexopoulos focused order to guarantee food safety. participation focused on the company’s means, on a wide range of dried fruits, presented how which have made them one of the largest their products are processed and how they Sunshine Produce, the leading processor exporters of nuts in Chile, bringing national and provide their clients with a wide range of goods and exporter of seeds, nuts and dried fruits in international recognition. Those are: innovation, responding to modern consumer trends. Since China since 1992, presented key varieties of the quality of their products and services, 1950, Menexopoulos has carefully selected pumpkin seeds and kernels, sunflower seeds efficiency in their processes, customer service, exceptional nuts from the best and most and kernels, pine nut kernels, organic assistance and the continuous training of their reliable farms. and dried fruits, among other products. farmers and workers. The Middle East Products Exports Terraida promoted their family company Graceland Fruit presented their art of drying Company (MEPE) came from Iran to dedicated to producing and exporting prunes fruit since 1973. Their products are coveted by promote their activity as producers, processors, and walnuts. Terraida produce their own fruit some of the largest and most respected food packers and exporters since 1950. MEPE and the family members are directly involved companies in over 60 countries. Graceland is Iran’s leading dried-fruit trading company in the management of their orchards in order Fruit is BRC-certified, non-allergen and product focused on pistachios, pistachio kernels, dates, to guarantee the integrity in the production and of the USA. raisins and saffron. exportation stages of their fruits.

Joolies was also among the exhibitors in The Pacific Nut Company presented their Vitakai showed how they focus on quality the INC Pavilion. The company promoted activity as a grower, packer and exporter of nuts fruit and satisfactory customer experience, their fresh organic medjool dates, grown and and dried fruits. At their inception, in 1992, they establishing strong and long-term relationships hand-harvested in the Coachella Valley’s ideal processed only walnuts and nowadays, with with their customers around the world. sunshine and rich soil and fed with pure water 4 factories across Chile, they are the second- from the Colorado River. largest exporter of this category nationwide.

March 2019 | NUTFRUIT 59 INC News

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March 2019 | NUTFRUIT 61 INC News

NUTS FOR A HEALTHIER WORLD THE FINAL PHASE

Save the Children joins the campaign to channel donations.

he Nuts for a Healthier World campaign has reached its final The Congress was also the place where the INC started to call upon phase. Over the last few months, the INC has been asking its members to join forces and become campaign partners. In return, Tcompanies and organizations all over the world to share the donor companies would be offered the “Nuts for a Healthier World #NutsForAHealthierWorld video to raise awareness of the cause, and Authentication Stamp”, which they could include on their packaging the INC can now proudly announce that the goal has been achieved. and in communication tools as well as having their company’s logo on One year ago, the Nuts for Gifts dissemination campaign -launched INC publications (NutFruit Magazine, website and newsletters). in 2017- made a huge step forward and reinforced its core values. The Supported by the hashtag #NutsForAHealthierWorld, a total of initiative incorporated a solidarity campaign based on the idea that 149 health and lifestyle, food and DIY bloggers and global influencers nuts and dried fruits are a gift from nature that everyone should be got involved to boost the campaign and promote its dissemination. able to enjoy, including those living in the most disadvantaged regions The campaign was also presented at other INC main events: Nutrition on the planet. 2018 in Boston, Summer Fancy Food Show in New York, SIAL-Paris The INC created a strong campaign consisting of one main video and Gulfood Dubai. and a series of 16 additional videos, each promoting a different nut or dried fruit. This is where solidarity came in: every time the video The Final Phase: Save the Children was shared, the user made a symbolic donation of a 28-gram -the So far, the video has reached over 43,000 shares and last December recommended daily allowance- bag containing a nut and dried fruit the INC chose Save the Children to be the global NGO responsible for mix. The campaign’s goal was to make the main video go viral while turning all those shares into physical aid. engaging with users and boosting participation on social networks Both partners determined that every share of the video would be with the help of the other 16 clips. The donations would be channeled equal to one euro, which is the cost of three nutritional packs, the through an international NGO. treatment for one child for one day. In this regard, the aim of the The INC Congress in Seville in May 2018 was the official launch cooperation was to raise the same amount of money as shares. of the campaign and, in a matter of days, the video started going viral. After the outset of the partnership with Save the Children in

62 March 2019 | NUTFRUIT INC News

January, the campaign’s donations quickly rose, and most significantly, top companies like Bösch Boden Spies, Noberasco, Starline Global Trade, Tomra, Campos Brothers Farms, John B. Sanfilippo and Son, Inc., MWT Foods, QiaQia, Setton Farms, ShoEi, Samsons Traders and CWS Ingredients got on board by making their donations and became the cause’s most prominent flag-bearers. By the end of February, the original goal to raise the same amount of money as shares was exceeded and €43,800 was raised meaning 131,400 packs of nutritional treatment will be able to be distributed to children in Mauritania, South Sudan and Bangladesh. And now, thanks to INC campaign donors, INC Members, the INC Members who collaborated with more than €6,000 received the “Nuts for a Healthier World community and Save The Children, the fight against child malnutrition Authentication" stamp to use in their communications materials and packaging. is even stronger!

FUNDRAISING THERMOMETER

Main video shares Total views of videos 43,000+ 1,100,000+

Total people reached Nutritional packs achieved Total € raised 43,000,000+ 131,400 €43,800

We thank the following INC members for their contribution to the Nuts for a Healthier World campaign with their donations.

March 2019 | NUTFRUIT 63 ebook AVAILABLE NOW! 10-STEP NUT PROCESSING INDUSTRY GUIDE

Get a head start on next season’s success with ten practical ways to improve your operational efficiency.

DOWNLOAD FREE GUIDE AT - WWW.TOMRA.COM/NUTGUIDE OR SCAN QR CODE ebook INC News AVAILABLE NOW! 2018 EU RASFF ALERTS FOR NUTS AND DRIED FRUITS

European RASFF notifications for nuts and peanuts for feed increased by 5% and 127%, respectively, from 2017. 10-STEP On the contrary, notifications for dried fruits decreased by 12%. The presence of aflatoxins remains as the main NUT PROCESSING reason for notifying nuts and peanuts for feed. Ochratoxin A became the main reason for notifying dried fruits. n 2018, the European Union’s Rapid Alert System for Food and The most notified edible nuts were peanuts, with 191 notifications, Feed (RASFF) issued a total of 625 notifications including edible followed by pistachios (104 not.) and hazelnuts (60 not.). By country INDUSTRY GUIDE Inuts (448 not.), dried fruits (127 not.) and peanuts for feed (50 not.). of origin, the most frequently notified edible nuts were peanuts from This result means a slight increase of 4% compared with 2017, when a Argentina (20%), pistachios from USA (10%) and peanuts from China total of 601 notifications were registered. (8%). Peanuts from Argentina were the most notified product/country Get a head start on next season’s success with ten By category, the number of notifications for edible nuts slightly (89 not.), tripling the notifications reached in 2017. On the other hand, increased by 5% compared with 2017; for peanuts for feed it rose the notifications for peanuts from China decreased by 58%. Almonds and practical ways to improve your operational efficiency. by 127%. By contrast, notifications for dried fruits decreased by 12% pistachios from USA experienced an increase of approximately 325% (Figure 1). The presence of aflatoxins was the main reason for notifying and 39%, respectively (Figure 2). nuts (88%) and peanuts for feed (100%), whereas Ochratoxin A was the main reason for notifying dried fruits (35%), followed by aflatoxins (37 FIGURE 2. 2018 Most Notified Edible Nuts and not.) and sulphites (34 not.). Country of Origin 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 120 FIGURE 1. 2014-2018 RASFF Notifications for Edible Nuts, Peanuts for Feed and Dried Fruits 100 80 Edible Nuts Peanuts for Feed Dried Fruits 60 500 40 400 20 300 0 Peanuts Pistachios Peanuts Peanuts Hazelnuts Almonds 200 (Argentina) (USA) (China) () (Turkey) (USA) 100 As for dried fruits, dried figs (46 not.), dried grapes (42 not.) and 0 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 dried apricots (35 not.) were the most notified. Dried figs, dried apricots and dried grapes from Turkey were the most notified, representing 29%, 27% and 26%, respectively, of the total dried fruit notifications. The For the first time in the past 8 years, Ochratoxin A became number of notifications for dried grapes from Turkey increased from 12 the main reason for notifying dried fruits. in 2017 to 33 in 2018, whereas in the case of dried figs from Turkey, the number of notifications decreased from 68 to 37 (Figure 3).

The RASFF exchanges information within EU Member States FIGURE 3. 2018 Most Notified Dried Fruits and Country of Origin about measures taken in response to serious risks detected in relation to food or feed. The INC collects and classifies the 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 RASFF notifications for nuts (including peanuts for feed) and 80 dried fruits intended for food published in the RASFF portal web 70 60 page, by product, country of origin, notifying country and type of 50 notification. Some caution is needed when drawing conclusions 40 from this report. For example, it is not because a Member State 30 has a relatively high number of notifications that the situation 20 10 regarding food safety is disastrous. On the contrary, it could 0 indicate that a greater number of checks are carried out. Dried figs Dried apricots Dried grapes Dried figs Dried grapes (Turkey) (Turkey) (Turkey) (Spain) (Iran)

DOWNLOAD FREE GUIDE AT - WWW.TOMRA.COM/NUTGUIDE OR SCAN QR CODE March 2019 | NUTFRUIT 65 Dogancan_Advert.pdf 1 5/11/17 2:52 PM

Private label “soft fruit” direct from the grower

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Farm to shelf from one quality assured source, there is simply no better way to purchase soft fruits for private label. Delicious as a cooking ingredient or eaten straight from the pack as a highly nutritious snack, our standard and organic apricots, figs, dates and prunes comply with the most stringent food safety standards and are very competitively priced. We also supply bulk dried apricots and figs.

All of our soft fruits are available as RTE and regular moisture in multiple pack formats.

To find out more please visit www.dogancan.com.tr or email: [email protected] Dogancan_Advert.pdf 1 5/11/17 2:52 PM

INC News

INC LAUNCHES THE ALLERGENS TOOLKIT

he INC presents a new information resource for food operators and manufacturers: the Allergens Toolkit. This new brochure provides an introduction to nut-allergy facts, Tlabeling rules and key aspects of allergen management. Recent data show that the number of people suffering from food allergies or intolerance is increasing. Approximately 15 million people in the United States have food allergies. The Food Private label “soft fruit” Allergy Research & Resource Program currently estimates the prevalence of IgE-mediated food allergies in the USA at 3.5-4.0% of the overall population. In children, it increased by 50% between 1997 and 2011. As for nuts, it is estimated that the prevalence of peanut and tree-nut direct from the grower allergy in US children more than tripled between 1997 and 2008. In Europe, the prevalence of food allergy/intolerance in adults is approximately 5%. With this in mind, the INC has created a toolkit with practical information and tips including: What are food allergies?, How common are allergies?, diagnosis, labeling, key aspects of allergen management, and new findings and resources. The INC developed the toolkit in collaboration with the American Peanut Council, Dr. Steve L. Taylor and Dr. Joseph Baumert from the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, the Food Allergy Research and Resource Program, and Mr. Carlos de Pablos from Silliker Ibérica SAU/Merieux NutriSciences. The Allergens Toolkit can be download on the INC’s site www.nutfruit.org/industry.

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CM he INC Executive Committee met in Dubai, UAE, on February MY 21, 2019, to review the Foundation’s financial status at the CY end of 2018 and the 2019’s Budget. The Committee discussed

CMY T ongoing projects, such as the Megatrends Project and the INC Contract K for the sale and purchase of nuts and dried fruits, and reviewed the grant requests for the Open-Access publication of scientific studies. Besides, an update of the activities regarding marketing and communication, scientific and legal aspects, statistics and technical projects, was presented. Preparations for Boca Raton, Florida 2019, were reviewed and candidate cities for future congresses were evaluated.

INC CONTRACT

nder the framework of the INC Strategic Plan 2018-2023, the The INC Contract would be a simple, practical and useful tool aimed Farm to shelf from one quality assured source, there is simply no better way to INC is developing a Standard Contract for the INC member’s to help the industry succeed offering several innovations to its users as Ubest interest. This initiative intends to deal with the main well as covering specific aspects of the sector. The INC in conjunction purchase soft fruits for private label. Delicious as a cooking ingredient or eaten concerns that may arise during international operations. The purpose with some of the major arbitral institutions highly specialized in the straight from the pack as a highly nutritious snack, our standard and organic apricots, of the INC Contract is to provide certainty regarding contractual issues trade of tree nuts and dried fruits would offer the possibility to the such as the overall security of international operations, as well as trading parties to choose among their dispute settlement services in figs, dates and prunes comply with the most stringent food safety standards and are simplifying the whole sale and purchase process through clear binding case of conflict. It is also important to mention that the INC Contract very competitively priced. We also supply bulk dried apricots and figs. terms and conditions for both parties. would prevent situations of dependence between the parties by setting Since February 2018, the INC together with its Business Integrity balanced and clear obligations for the seller and the purchaser. All of our soft fruits are available as RTE and regular moisture in multiple pack formats. Committee (BIC) have been working closely with a prestigious The Contract will be available to INC members in the coming international legal firm to develop a contract which covers the specific months. needs of the nut and dried fruit sector.

To find out more please visit www.dogancan.com.tr or email: [email protected] March 2019 | NUTFRUIT 67 INC News REUS 1976: THE FIRST INTERNATIONAL ALMOND AND HAZELNUT CONGRESS

PROGRAM OF PRESENTATIONS

1. Hazel Cultivation. Aspects of hazel biology and multiplication; Varieties, cultivation and genetic improvement. Speakers: Prof. Piero Romisondo, University of Turin (Italy); Dr. Ramon Vidal-Barraquer Marfa, Doctor in Agricultural Engineering, Director of the INIA station in Reus (Spain); Mr. Juan Tasias Valls, Agricultural Engineer, Director of the Agrarian Experimentation Center of the Hon. Provincial Council of Tarragona (Spain).

2. Almond-growing Techniques, Systems and Patterns Speaker: Dr. Dale E. Kester, University of California, Davis (USA).

3. Varieties of Almond Speakers: Dr. Antonio Felipe Mansergas, Doctor of Agricultural Engineering at the INIA Station, Zaragoza (Spain); Mr. Francisco J. Vargas Garcia, Agricultural Engineer at the Center for Agricultural Experimentation of the Hon. Provincial Council of Tarragona (Spain).

4. Commercial Properties of Almonds and Hazelnuts Speaker: Mr. Hans Wilcheim Siemssen, Delegate of the Federal he 38th World Nut and Dried Fruit Congress, to be held this Republic of Germany to the UN Commission on Nut Normalization. May in Boca Raton, Florida, is just around the corner. The Member of the Waren-Verein der Hamburger Börse (Germany). event will host over 1,300 attendees, more than 60 global T 5. Global Almond and Hazelnut Production: industry speakers and 12 nut and dried fruit round tables. But where Evolution and Perspectives did it all begin? We asked Mr. Antonio Pont, Honorary President of the Speaker: Dr. Pedro Veyrat Garcia, Doctor of Agricultural Engineering, INC, to take us back to 1976 to find out what the first International Chief of Agricultural Production Service (Spain). Almond and Hazelnut Congress was like. 6. Global Hazelnut and Almond Consumption: “Of course there were nerves, but there was also a lot of Evolution and Perspectives excitement”, Mr. Pont recalls. “The Congress was born out of a Speaker: Mr. Juan J. Zavilla Zayas, General Deputy Director of combination of several factors: having spent a few years in the sector, Agricultural Exports Planning (Spain). I realized that the industry needed a meeting point”. At that time, 7. Almond and Hazelnut Industrialization: relationships between companies were not as close as they are today: Shelling, Processing and Applications “you must take into account that at that time we communicated by post Speaker: Dr. Vivien Martini, from the UNIDAL company, Milan (Italy). or telegram, the fax machine came along a little later and of course, there wasn’t much personal contact among us”. Mr. Pont says that for The Satisfaction of a Job Well Done that reason, the industry was anxious to meet and establish personal The Honorary President of the INC remembers the expressions of gratitude and professional connections. This need, and the fact that Mr. Pont had and kindness from his associates in the industry at the end of the been named President of the Tarragona Exposition Official Fair in Reus congress: “Having the attendees come up to me to show their appreciation by the Mayor of Reus (Spain), provided the impetus to organize the first for my organizing the event, was what drove us to carry on”. Also, for the international meeting on almonds and hazelnuts. organization, it was an enormous pleasure to have Dr. Dale Kester from the “We created an Honorary Committee, made up of 23 members University of California, Davis, as a guest speaker. and presided over by H.M. Juan Carlos I of Spain, and in only 5 months In the words of Mr. Jesus Murga, congress president, the event not we managed to get everything in place”, he recalls. And so, for three only attracted growers, because we discussed growing methods, and days in 1976 the city of Reus became the world capital of almonds and exporters because we looked at world trade and its possible future, but it hazelnuts, bringing together more than 100 visitors from 6 countries, also drew farmers and sellers for whom it provided a perspective around hosting 7 talks with more than 10 speakers and around 10 visits to the which they could plan their activity in order to achieve greater profit and area’s factories and farms. economic utility.

68 March 2019 | NUTFRUIT

R R RR RRT

Statistics are also available at our website www

Map shows 5 top producing countries. Other major producers listed below.

N N

USA Greece Bolivia India Tanzania Turkey Spain South Africa Brazil USA China Russia USA China Australia Chile Peru Cote d’Ivoire Benin Italy France Australia China Mexico DPR Korea Spain Iran Greece Spain Brazil Nigeria USA China Kenya Colombia South Africa Pakistan Turkey Turkey Italy Iran Italy Guinea·Bissau Indonesia Georgia Iran USA New Zealand Australia Afghanistan Portugal Australia Turkey Syria Brazil Cambodia Azerbaijan Chile Guatemala Vietnam China Mongolia Italy Afghanistan Malawi

R F China Moldava China Senegal Saudi Arabia Sudan Turkey USA Turkey Greece USA Serbia USA Uzbekistan USA India India Vietnam Egypt Oman Iran Canada Egypt Spain Chile Australia Turkey Greece Iran Romania USA Ghana Iran Tunisia China Chile Iran Italy France Italy Iran Australia Turkey Hungary Nigeria Brazil UAE Morocco USA USA Argentina South Africa China Argentina Ukraine Italy Indonesia Nicaragua Pakistan Libya South Africa India South Africa Chile Georgia Argentina Cote d’Ivore Algeria Israel Australia Chile France Australia USA Listed by global production as per FAO but not necessarily meaning quantities going through commercial channels. Statistical Review R R RR RRT

Statistics are also available at our website www

Map shows 5 top producing countries. Other major producers listed below.

N N

USA Greece Bolivia India Tanzania Turkey Spain South Africa Brazil USA China Russia USA China Australia Chile Peru Cote d’Ivoire Benin Italy France Australia China Mexico DPR Korea Spain Iran Greece Spain Morocco Brazil Vietnam Nigeria USA China Kenya Colombia South Africa Pakistan Turkey Turkey Italy Iran Italy Guinea·Bissau Indonesia Georgia Iran USA New Zealand Australia Afghanistan Portugal Syria Australia Turkey Syria Brazil Cambodia Azerbaijan Chile Guatemala Vietnam China Mongolia Italy Afghanistan Tunisia Malawi

R F China Moldava China Senegal Saudi Arabia Sudan Turkey USA Turkey Greece USA Serbia USA Uzbekistan USA India India Vietnam Egypt Oman Iran Canada Egypt Spain Chile Australia Turkey Greece Iran Romania USA Ghana Iran Tunisia China Chile Iran Italy France Italy Iran Australia Turkey Hungary Nigeria Brazil UAE Morocco USA USA Argentina South Africa China Argentina Ukraine Italy Indonesia Nicaragua Pakistan Libya South Africa India South Africa Chile Georgia Argentina Cote d’Ivore Algeria Israel Australia Chile France Australia Iraq USA Listed by global production as per FAO but not necessarily meaning quantities going through commercial channels.

March 2019 | NUTFRUIT 71 Statistical Review ALMONDS 杏仁 / ALMENDRA / AMANDE / MANDORLE / MANDEL / BADEM

USA. The January 2019 Almond Board of California Position Report AUSTRALIA. As per the Almond Board of Australia, the lead up to was published on February 12, 2019 and showed receipts of just over harvest commencing in February has seen hot dry weather experienced 2.2 billion lbs. (approx. 1 million metric tons) year-to-date. As most of in all producing regions. The crop has progressed well and despite the crop is typically received by January 31, it would appear that the FY some early losses to frost and some to wind, a record crop of more than 2018/19 crop will come up short of the USDA forecast of 2.45 billion lbs. 90,000 MT is expected. (over 1.1 million MT), but slightly above the same level as the FY 17/18 The 2018 crop of 80,000 MT has been committed and the much of crop, which was the largest crop on record so far. USDA receipts showed the 2019 crop has been forward sold. Increased demand in China and an average inedible reject percentage of 1.7% which is lower than the FY the domestic Australian market will absorb a significant amount of the 17/18 crop, demonstrating improved conditions and efforts made during 10,000 MT of additional tonnage produced this year. Almonds continue the growing season. to be included in many new retail food lines each year, both in Australia Total shipments for the August 2018 - January 2019 period were and globally. Demand has been strong from overseas markets, however down 1% from 2017/18 at 1.217 billion pounds (around 552,000 MT) a similar tonnage in 2018 to the previous three years has limited exports. which is commensurate with a total supply that was down 1% over the same period. Domestic shipments were up 3.5% from last crop year to SPAIN. As reported by the National Table of Spanish Nuts Production 368 million pounds (ca. 167,000 MT). Exports were down 3% over the Organizations, there were no changes to the crop prior estimate of same time period, likely due to the continued uncertainty in the trade 61,160 MT, amounting to 15% up from the previous season and 35% environment. North American exports were up 10% while shipments up from the prior 5-year average. Quality and size remain good. to regions such as Asia-Pacific and Europe were down 3% and 7% According to the strong activity registered until January, it was respectively. Overall the industry is in a solid position and poised for estimated that over 65% of the 2018/19 Spanish crop might have steady shipments as the development of the FY 19/20 crop is monitored. already been consumed.

Estimated World Almond Production. Kernel Basis · Metric Tons. 2017/2018 2018/2019 Country Beginning Stock Crop Total Supply Ending Stock Beginning stock Crop Total Supply Ending Stock USA* (MM lbs) 399 2,198 2,596 359 359 2,206 2,565 360 USA* (MT) 180,837 996,876 1,177,712 162,840 162,845 1,000,790 1,163,636 163,293 AUSTRALIA 1,000 79,461 80,461 1,000 1,000 80,374 81,374 1,000 SPAIN 1,000 53,119 54,119 2,500 2,500 61,160 63,660 n/a TUNISIA 0 15,000 15,000 0 0 16,000 16,000 n/a IRAN 0 15,000 15,000 2,000 2,000 15,000 17,000 n/a CHILE 0 14,000 14,000 0 0 14,000 14,000 n/a MOROCCO 0 11,000 11,000 0 0 14,000 14,000 n/a ITALY 0 7,500 7,500 0 0 10,000 10,000 n/a GREECE 1,000 3,000 4,000 0 0 9,000 9,000 n/a TURKEY 0 8,000 8,000 0 0 8,000 8,000 n/a OTHERS 0 30,000 30,000 0 0 30,000 30,000 n/a WORLD TOTAL 183,837 1,232,956 1,416,792 168,345 168,345 1,258,324 1,426,670 164,293

WORLD CONSUMPTION (T. Supply - End. Stock) 1,248,447 1,262,377

Sources: Almond Board of California, Almond Board of Australia, National Table of Spanish Nuts Production Organizations, Greek Nuts & Fruits Trade Association and other INC sources. *USA crop reflects the estimated 2% Loss & Exempt (L&E) for the crop year.

72 March 2019 | NUTFRUIT Statistical Review AMAZONIA (BRAZIL) NUTS 巴西果 / COQUITO DE BRASIL / NOIX DE VRESIL / NOCE DE BRASILE / PARANUSS / BREZILYA FINGIGI

The development of the current crop should be compared to the situation Pricing in January 2018 started at a peak driven by the high prices in 2016; ignoring 2018 which had a perceived early harvest due to a high of the previous season and strong demand for early shipments by South export price and collectors eager to earn again after the 2017 weather- Korea. The rest of the year was characterized by falling prices. Shipments related significant low crop. Therefore, it was expected that the whole were strong across all origins, especially from Brazil where exports were season started 3-4 weeks later compared to the last two. Early reports 60% more than the previous highest in 2015. Across Brazil, Peru and this year are that areas are producing less than in 2016. However, at Bolivia, 2018 total exports were estimated to be 10% more than the the time of writing this report, it was still too early to make accurate previous highest. South Korea, who is now the largest importer of Brazils predictions. The key period is February/March when raw materials nuts, accounting for 20% of global exports, has imported all growth in should be flowing at speed from the forest into the towns. Thus, the first supply as well as surplus from traditional users who have been slower to shipments of the new crop were not expected before March-April. return to the market.

Estimated World Amazonia (Brazil) Nut Production · In-shell Basis · Metric Tons. 2017/2018 2018/2019 Country Beginning Stock Crop Total Supply Ending Stock Beginning stock Crop Total Supply Ending Stock

BOLIVIA 6,720 33,000 39,720 0 0 70,500 70,500 2,400

PERU 900 7,500 8,400 0 0 16,500 16,500 1,200

PERU 300 600 900 0 0 15,000 15,000 960

WORLD TOTAL 7,920 41,100 49,020 0 0 102,000 102,000 4,560

WORLD CONSUMPTION (T. Supply - End. Stock) 49,020 97,440

Kernel Basis · Metric Tons. 2017/2018 2018/2019 Country Beginning Stock Crop Total Supply Ending Stock Beginning stock Crop Total Supply Ending Stock

BOLIVIA 2,240 11,000 13,240 0 0 23,500 23,500 800

PREU 300 3,000 3,300 0 0 5,500 5,500 400

BRAZIL 100 200 300 0 0 5,000 5,000 320

WORLD TOTAL 2,640 14,200 16,840 0 0 34,000 34,000 1,520 WORLD CONSUMPTION (T. Supply - End. Stock) 16,840 32,480

Source: INC.

March 2019 | NUTFRUIT 73 Statistical Review CASHEWS 腰果 / ANACARDO / NOIX DE CAJU / ANACARDIO / CASHWKERNE / CASHEW CEVIZI

At the time of writing this report, 2019 2019 crop is expected to be slightly higher than likely to affect supply and prices of RCN and northern crops were developing well and they the previous one, while quality and yield are kernels in turn during the first quarter of 2019. were expected to be on time and devoid of likely to be good and similar to the prior season. Mozambique crop estimates were about weather-related disruptions augur well for An increased demand was anticipated as of end 100,000 MT earlier in the season, but current quality. Southern hemisphere 2019 new crops of January for the Indian marriage season. estimates are close to 86,000 MT and most were within normal ranges. of the crop was already harvested by the At the start of 2019, both kernel and raw VIETNAM AND CAMBODIA. beginning of the year. seed markets were on a down trend as the new 2018 Vietnamese crop was slightly higher than crop started to come in; stocks of raw nuts in in 2017; and it was revised up from 300,000 BRAZIL. 2018/19 crop was finishing West Africa were low and most traders had MT to 350,000 MT. The first arrival of the by January within the range of prior years. already covered positions for the first quarter new crop was expected at the beginning of Regions close to the coast in Ceará have of 2019. There had not been any significant February. Due to the entering into production produced well, but further inland, many trees increment in consumption during 2018, even of new plantations, the Cambodian 2019 crop have died due to the drought and the crop when cashew prices had declined by about is anticipated to increase. in the southern states has been fairly poor. 15 to 20%. In fact, demand was below par Regarding demand, domestic consumption on most markets during the 2018/19 festival EASTERN AFRICA. The crop in now accounts for over half the crop for both season, including Christmas and Diwali. Tanzania was expected to be better than last sales by the main exporting factories into the season, however, with restrictions in trade local market (wholesale and retail) and sales INDIA. Flowering was good in most -Government’s ban on exports of 2018/19 by small local roasters to supermarkets, producing regions, except for 25,000 hectares crop of RCN- and longer than expected and convenience shops, etc. Over a quarter of all -approx. 15,000 metric tons in terms of RCN- sub-optimal raw seed storage, the volume of exports are currently bound to Latin America, damaged in Andhra Pradesh due to cyclonic collections is expected to be reduced and quality as consumption in this region has increased storm “Phethai” in December. As about 20,000 to be impacted as well. Although it is difficult to considerably. Otherwise sales have tended to ha of new plantations are added annually, the predict how and when, the stalemate is most concentrate in North America.

Estimated World Cashew Production. Raw Cashew Nut (RCN). Metric Tons. 2017/2018 2018/2019* Country Beginning Stock Crop Total Supply Ending Stock Beginning stock Crop Total Supply Ending Stock INDIA n/a 817,045 817,045 0 0 825,000 825,000 45,000 COTE D'IVOIRE n/a 673,236 673,236 20,000 20,000 700,000 720,000 35,000 VIETNAM n/a 300,105 300,105 40,000 40,000 350,000 390,000 30,000 TANZANIA n/a 300,000 300,000 30,000 30,000 275,000 305,000 see note(**) GUINEA-BISSAU n/a 225,000 225,000 n/a n/a 225,000 225,000 n/a NIGERIA n/a 180,000 180,000 n/a n/a 200,000 200,000 5,000 BENIN n/a 110,000 110,000 n/a n/a 150,000 150,000 5,000 BRAZIL n/a 120,000 120,000 n/a n/a 140,000 140,000 n/a CAMBODIA n/a 90,034 90,034 n/a n/a 110,000 110,000 n/a MOZAMBIQUE n/a 92,000 92,000 0 0 86,000 86,000 n/a BURKINA FASO n/a 80,000 80,000 n/a n/a 85,000 85,000 n/a INDONESIA n/a 80,000 80,000 n/a n/a 85,000 85,000 n/a GHANA n/a 75,000 75,000 n/a n/a 80,000 80,000 n/a SENEGAL n/a 55,000 55,000 n/a n/a 55,000 55,000 n/a GAMBIA n/a 15,000 15,000 n/a n/a 15,000 15,000 n/a KENYA n/a 10,000 10,000 n/a n/a 10,000 10,000 n/a OTHERS n/a 123,000 123,000 n/a n/a 125,000 125,000 n/a WORLD TOTAL n/a 3,345,420 3,345,420 90,000 90,000 3,516,000 3,606,000 120,000

Source: Global Cashew Council and INC. *Harvest from January'18 through June'18 (Northern hemisphere), from September'18 through February'19 (Southern hemisphere). **Around 250,000 MT of RCN (equivalent to 50,000 MT of kernels) were still stored in Tanzania at the beginning of February 2019.

74 March 2019 | NUTFRUIT Statistical Review HAZELNUTS 榛子 / AVELLANA / NOISETTE / NOCCIOLA / HASELNUSS / FINDIK

TURKEY. Although challenged by insect previous crop receipts of 77,000 MT, and plant At the time of writing this report, China’s damage, 2018/19 crop was high in yield and development for the following season. tariffs on Oregon hazelnut were at 65%, and size. Plant development for the next season Domestic market and export consumption are other trading borders used by some Chinese is optimal, snowfall in all the growing regions healthy, as spreads and chocolate confectionary importers had been shut down. Although secured the water and chill hours requirements. continue to grow sustainable demand. Oregon growers agreed to the lowest minimum In the first half of the 2018/19 season, price since 2006 to stimulate demand, exports reached 118,500 metric tons (kernels) ITALY. 2018/19 crop is estimated at in-shell shipments were down more than and 2018 calendar year exports closed with 125,000 MT, up by 39% from the prior season. 30% from previous two years. In contrast, a historical record of 279,251 MT. After quite By December 2018, 75% of the crop was already the demand for Oregon hazelnut kernels volatile moves in terms of devaluation and sold with commitments up to March 2019. continued to strengthen both domestically and revaluation of the Turkish lira, the currency internationally and most of the remaining 2018 found a grounding during 2018 second half. USA.The 2018/19 crop was projected to crop was expected to be shelled. Following a few months stable period, hazelnut surpass the 17-year-old record of 45,000 MT As for the 2019 crop, winter was prices in TL increased about 10% at the start in-shell, up to 47,000 MT. Unfortunately, the exceptionally mild with no major change of the year. The subsequent trend depends nuts did not fill, and the crop was off about forecasted. Another 1,740 hectares (4,300 on the remaining uncontracted merchandise 12% to 41,700 MT. Nut size was smaller than acres) are expected to come into production in on the market, Turkish Grain Board’s decision average and with lighter fill, though overall 2019 and 16,200 ha (40,000 acres) over the to release stocks of current and remaining quality of the crop was good. next 5 years.

Estimated World Hazelnut Production. In-shell Basis · Metric Tons. 2017 /2018 2018/2019 Country Beginning Stock Crop Total Supply Ending Stock Beginning stock Crop Total Supply Ending Stock TURKEY 80,000 750,000 830,000 170,000 170,000 575,000 745,000 45,000 ITALY 15,000 90,000 105,000 7,500 7,500 125,000 132,500 10,000 AZERBAIJAN 500 65,000 65,500 7,500 7,500 68,000 75,500 5,000 GEORGIA 1,000 80,000 81,000 5,000 5,000 50,000 55,000 3,000 USA 3,500 27,000 30,500 500 500 41,731 42,231 500 CHILE 0 25,000 25,000 0 0 27,500 27,500 2,000 IRAN 500 12,000 12,500 0 0 25,000 25,000 0 SPAIN 1,000 19,000 20,000 1,000 1,000 16,000 17,000 1,000 CHINA 0 6,000 6,000 0 0 9,000 9,000 0 FRANCE 0 6,600 6,600 0 0 7,300 7,300 0 OTHERS 0 25,000 25,000 0 0 26,000 26,000 0 WORLD TOTAL 101,500 1,105,600 1,207,100 191,500 191,500 970,531 1,162,031 66,500 WORLD CONSUMPTION (T. Supply - End. Stock) 1,015,600 1,095,531

Kernel Basis· Metric Tons. 2017/2018 2018/2019 Country Beginning Stock Crop Total Supply Ending Stock Beginning stock Crop Total Supply Ending Stock TURKEY 40,000 375,000 415,000 85,000 85,000 287,500 372,500 22,500 ITALY 7,000 42,300 49,300 3,525 3,525 61,100 64,625 4,700 AZERBAIJAN 192 25,000 25,192 2,885 2,885 27,880 30,765 1,923 GEORGIA 219 17,500 17,719 1,094 1,094 18,250 19,344 780 USA 1,400 10,800 12,200 212 212 16,692 16,904 200 CHILE 0 11,000 11,000 0 0 12,100 12,100 880 IRAN 229 5,500 5,729 0 0 11,500 11,500 0 SPAIN 447 8,500 8,947 447 447 7,158 7,605 447 CHINA 0 2,700 2,700 0 0 4,050 4,050 0 FRANCE 0 2,970 2,970 0 0 3,285 3,285 0 OTHERS 0 9,000 9,000 0 0 9,360 9,360 0 WORLD TOTAL 49,487 510,270 559,757 93,163 93,163 458,875 552,038 31,430 WORLD CONSUMPTION (T. Supply - End. Stock) 466,594 520,608

Source: Hazelnut Processors & Exporters Association of Georgia, NASS-USDA and other INC sources.

March 2019 | NUTFRUIT 75 Statistical Review MACADAMIAS 夏威夷果 / MACADAMIA / MACADAMIANUSS / MAKEDEMIA / CEVIZI

SOUTH AFRICA. As reported by Macadamias South Africa AUSTRALIA. As per the Australian Macadamia Society, the 2019 (SAMAC), 2018 was a record crop. The total crop ended up higher crop started very well with good flowering and rain in spring. Conditions than earlier estimates at 56,550 metric tons (in-shell basis, 1.5% from October to December were favorable although not as hot as usual kernel moisture). Early indications were that the 2018 crop quality was and there was an extended dry period from November to January that yet another improvement and high sound kernel recovery rates were might impact nut size. The crop is expected to increase by 5% in line reported. with the long-term crop forecast modelling adjusted to reflect current Approximately 67% of the total crop was processed to kernel, climate conditions. which was possible due to many processing plants that have increased Kernel imports into Japan, Taiwan, Europe and the United States their cracking capacity and because of a growing kernel market. grew strongly in 2018 while imports into Korea were similar to the prior As for the new crop, flowering was initially good but late rains and year. Kernel and in-shell imports into China declined somewhat reflecting hot spells reduced the crop size. The possibility of El Niño remains. an increase in domestic production. There is very little inventory heading Early indications are that the 2019 crop might be slightly higher than into the new season and it is anticipated that demand for macadamias the 2018 crop as a result of new plantings that will be coming into from existing users and new entrants will remain strong during 2019. production for the first time. 2018 saw continued new interest and investment into the Australian macadamia industry and it is estimated that more than 2,000 hectares were planted; expectations are for similar plantings in 2019.

Estimated World Macadamia Production. In-shell Basis · Metric Tons. 2018 2019 Country Beginning Stock Crop Total Supply Ending Stock Beginning stock Crop Total Supply Ending Stock SOUTH AFRICA n/r 56,550 56,550 n/r n/r 58,500 58,500 n/r AUSTRALIA n/r 49,300 49,300 n/r n/r 51,700 51,700 n/r CHINA n/r 21,400 21,400 n/r n/r 29,962 29,962 n/r KENYA n/r 38,500 38,500 n/r n/r 32,000 32,000 n/r USA n/r 16,957 16,957 n/r n/r 18,000 18,000 n/r GUATEMALA n/r 11,500 11,500 n/r n/r 12,250 12,250 n/r MALAWI n/r 6,980 6,980 n/r n/r 7,678 7,678 n/r BRAZIL n/r 6,200 6,200 n/r n/r 7,000 7,000 n/r VIETNAM n/r 1,200 1,200 n/r n/r 1,450 1,450 n/r COLOMBIA n/r 1,350 1,350 n/r n/r 1,000 1,000 n/r OTHERS n/r 13,600 13,600 n/r n/r 15,350 15,350 n/r WORLD TOTAL n/r 223,537 223,537 n/r n/r 234,890 234,890 n/r WORLD CONSUMPTION (T. Supply - End. Stock) 223,537 234,890

Kernel Basis · Metric Tons. 2018 2019 Country Beginning Stock Crop Total Supply Ending Stock Beginning stock Crop Total Supply Ending Stock SOUTH AFRICA n/r 16,965 16,965 n/r n/r 17,550 17,550 n/r AUSTRALIA n/r 14,800 14,800 n/r n/r 15,500 15,500 n/r KENYA n/r 6,000 6,000 n/r n/r 8,389 8,389 n/r CHINA n/r 7,750 7,750 n/r n/r 6,400 6,400 n/r USA n/r 4,239 4,239 n/r n/r 4,000 4,000 n/r GUATEMALA n/r 2,150 2,150 n/r n/r 2,600 2,600 n/r MALAWI n/r 1,619 1,619 n/r n/r 1,781 1,781 n/r BRAZIL n/r 1,550 1,550 n/r n/r 1,750 1,750 n/r VIETNAM n/r 360 360 n/r n/r 435 435 n/r COLOMBIA n/r 338 338 n/r n/r 250 250 n/r NEW ZEALAND n/r 3,536 3,536 n/r n/r 3,991 3,991 n/r WORLD TOTAL n/r 59,307 59,307 n/r n/r 62,646 62,646 n/r WORLD CONSUMPTION (T, Supply - End, Stock) 59,307 62,646

Sources: Global Macadamia Council, Macadamias South Africa, Australian Macadamia Society, China Chamber of Commerce for Import and Export of Foodstuffs, Brazilian Macadamia Association, Vietnam Macadamia Association and other INC sources. n/r: not reported or not relevant.

76 March 2019 | NUTFRUIT Statistical Review PECANS / PACANA / NOIX DE PÉCAN / NOCE PECAN / PECANUSS / PEKAN CEVIZI

NORTH AMERICA. Mexico 2018/19 from USA have slowed down or stopped until following the off-crop in 2018. At the time crop estimate was updated to 145,500 metric the tariffs drop. of writing this report growing conditions had tons (in-shell basis). There are some reports been very hot and dry but with adequate of poorly filled nuts from parts of the state of SOUTH AFRICA. Despite expectations water availability in most regions, nuts were Chihuahua, but overall quality is good. The of a poorer crop of around 16,000 MT, the 2018 developing well with few losses. The Australian majority of pecans from the state of Sonora season produced a record crop of 18,200 MT of pecan harvest traditionally begins in the last made their way to China during the last quarter in-shell. The larger than expected volume was week of April. of 2018. Regarding the 2019 harvest, another due to the significant new plantings coming Due to limited supply, there were few large crop is anticipated. into production. Most of South Africa’s crop exports from Australia from the 2018 crop Harvest of the 2018/190 USA crop was was sold on an in-shell basis to China due to with production just enough to meet local delayed in Georgia due to Hurricane Michael; the large nut size. Kernel exports however did demand. Chinese demand was quiet for which tore through the heart of Georgia’s show some growth as the country has started to most part of last year, however, some loads pecan belt during early October. While the develop kernel processing factories. Generally, of in-shell nuts were shipped to China over total loss has been difficult to quantify, experts sales have gone well and there will be limited New Year as the impact of the tariffs on US estimate that 50-70 million pounds (around carry over into 2019; there might be some goods became apparent. There will be no 23,000-32,000 MT) of in-shell pecans were containers of kernel (processed at the end of meaningful availability of Australian stock lost during and after the storm. Weather in 2018) available. In-shell volumes are sold out. before new crop appears in mid-year but Texas and Western USA also slowed down Although it is early to make predictions if production meets current expectations much of the harvest. Most growers in Western on the 2019 crop, the initial outlook is positive Australia will export up to 500 MT of kernels US sates were expected to finish up by mid- with good summer rain and flowering. The (or kernel equivalent) in 2019/20. February at the latest. expectations are of a continued growth as Overall crop quality looks very good for the more and more newly planted orchards CHINA. Chinese crop started in September Western USA as well as the early harvested become productive. and was still being harvested in January 2019 pecans from the hurricane affected area. Kernel in 5 growing provinces from the Eastern part of demand and shipments have been strong, both AUSTRALIA. Flowering and nut set in China. The quality was excellent; however, the in the domestic and export markets. Due to the Australia’s largest orchards have been strong, market was not very active due to higher prices retaliatory tariffs, in-shell exports for China indicating the prospect of a solid 2019 crop compared to the lower prices of Chinese walnut.

Estimated World Pecan Production. In-shell Basis · Metric Tons. 2017/2018 2018/2019 Country Beginning Stock Crop Total Supply Ending Stock Beginning stock Crop Total Supply Ending Stock MEXICO 3,500 147,420 150,920 4,500 4,500 145,500 150,000 6,800 USA 70,365 133,290 203,655 73,800 73,800 126,500 200,300 83,500 SOUTH AFRICA 0 16,500 16,500 50 50 18,200 18,250 100 AUSTRALIA 0 3,500 3,500 200 200 2,000 2,200 200 CHINA 0 150 150 0 0 200 200 0 OTHERS 0 1,650 1,650 0 0 1,900 1,900 0 WORLD TOTAL 73,865 302,510 376,375 78,550 78,550 294,300 372,850 90,600 WORLD CONSUMPTION (T. Supply - End. Stock) 297,825 282,250 Kernel Basis · Metric Tons. 2017/2018 2018/2019 Country Beginning Stock Crop Total Supply Ending Stock Beginning stock Crop Total Supply Ending Stock MEXICO 1,750 73,710 75,460 2,250 2,250 72,500 74,750 3,400 USA 30,961 58,648 89,608 32,472 32,472 55,660 88,132 36,740 SOUTH AFRICA 0 9,075 9,075 25 25 10,010 10,035 63 AUSTRALIA 0 1,750 1,750 100 100 1,000 1,100 100 CHINA 0 50 50 0 0 80 80 0 OTHERS 0 832 832 0 0 952 952 0 WORLD TOTAL 32,711 144,065 176,775 34,847 34,847 140,202 175,049 40,303 WORLD CONSUMPTION (T. Supply - End. Stock) 141,469 134,746 Sources: China Pecan Association and other INC souces.

March 2019 | NUTFRUIT 77 Statistical Review PINE NUTS 松子 / PIÑÓN / PIGNON / PINOLI / PINIENKERNE / ÇAM FISTIGI

FAR EAST. Although the 2018 production of Korean pine nut MEDITERRANEAN. As per the Aegean Exporters’ Association, (Pinus koraiensis) in China was average, the supply from abroad was 2018/19 Turkish exports reached 600 MT by December 31, 2018, down basically unable to enter, resulting in a shortage of pine nut kernel supply. 15% from the same period the previous year. In addition, China's domestic sales were increased due to the Spring In Portugal, there were still pine forests to be harvested at the beginning Festival demand spike and the market price went up: in early February of the year, while the Spanish harvest had concluded as expected. The 2018, the price of Korean pine nuts ranged between 190,000 and 2018/19 crops are still on the low side, although slightly improved compared 200,000 yuan per metric ton, while Siberian pine nuts (Pinus sibirica) to 2017/18. Yields per kg of pineapple are poor, but quality is good. were at 150,000 yuan per MT. Due to more balanced prices among origins (Pakistani pine nuts at Overall the Russian crop was estimated at 5,500 MT (in-shell basis) a similar price to the Mediterranean and slightly pricier Chinese pine composed of: 5,000 MT of Pinus koraiensis, mainly from the Far East nuts), Spanish and Portuguese Christmas consumption was reactivated. of Russia, and 500 MT (max.) of Pinus sibirica from Siberia. The year At the time of writing this report, the market was not very active due to started with a supply shortage on the market, which drove prices up and high prices. Price in Spain was at €44-46/Kg in mid-January, with little slowed down demand. product available.

Estimated World Pine Nut Production. In-shell Basis · Metric Tons 2017/2018 2018/2019 Country Beginning Stock Crop Total Supply Ending Stock Beginning stock Crop Total Supply Ending Stock FAR EAST NORTH KOREA 2,400 32,000 34,400 4,000 4,000 16,000 20,000 2,000 CHINA 20,000 10,000 30,000 10,000 10,000 8,750 18,750 7,500 AFGHANISTAN 400 12,000 12,400 400 400 6,000 6,400 1,000 PAKISTAN 400 12,000 12,400 400 400 6,000 6,400 1,000 RUSSIA 240 8,000 8,240 1,200 1,200 5,500 6,700 0 SUBTOTAL 23,440 74,000 97,440 16,000 16,000 42,250 58,250 11,500 MEDITERRANEAN (Pinus pinea) ITALY 400 3,600 4,000 200 200 5,760 5,960 n/a TURKEY 400 2,800 3,200 400 400 1,500 1,900 n/a PORTUGAL 400 1,000 1,400 200 200 2,000 2,200 n/a SPAIN 1,200 400 1,600 320 320 1,000 1,320 n/a OTHERS 0 400 400 0 0 160 160 n/a SUBTOTAL 2,400 8,200 10,600 1,120 1,120 10,420 11,540 n/a WORLD TOTAL 25,840 82,200 108,040 17,120 17,120 52,670 69,790 11,500 WORLD CONSUMPTION (T. Supply - End. Stock) 90,920 58,290

Kernel Basis · Metric Tons. 2017/2018 2018/2019 Country Beginning Stock Crop Total Supply Ending Stock Beginning stock Crop Total Supply Ending Stock FAR EAST NORTH KOREA 600 8,000 8,600 1,000 1,000 4,000 5,000 500 CHINA 8,000 4,000 12,000 4,000 4,000 3,500 7,500 3,000 AFGHANISTAN 200 6,000 6,200 200 200 3,000 3,200 500 PAKISTAN 200 6,000 6,200 200 200 3,000 3,200 500 RUSSIA 77 2,560 2,637 384 384 1,575 1,959 0 SUBTOTAL 9,077 26,560 35,637 5,784 5,784 15,075 20,859 4,500 MEDITERRANEAN (Pinus pinea) ITALY 100 900 1,000 50 50 1,440 1,490 n/a TURKEY 100 700 800 100 100 400 500 n/a PORTUGAL 100 250 350 50 50 400 450 n/a SPAIN 300 100 400 80 80 200 280 n/a OTHERS 0 100 100 0 0 40 40 n/a SUBTOTAL 600 2,050 2,650 280 280 2,480 2,760 n/a WORLD TOTAL 9,677 28,610 38,287 6,064 6,064 17,555 23,619 4,500 WORLD CONSUMPTION (T. Supply - End. Stock) 32,223 19,119

Sources: China Chamber of Commerce for Import and Export of Foodstuffs, Aegean Exporters Association and other INC sources.

78 March 2019 | NUTFRUIT Statistical Review PISTACHIOS 心果 / PISTACHO / PISTACHE / PISTACCHIO / PISTAZIE / ANTEP FISTIGI

USA. Following the consistent growth trend since overcoming the break, especially in the Kerman province. Quality and nut size, instead, drought, the 2018/19 crop was in the upper end of expectations were increased compared to 2017, with prevalence of long over round at around 451,000 metric tons, which represents an “on-year” for varieties. The percentage of closed-shell pistachios was normal whereas California, up by 64% from the prior season. This record setting yield blanks were slightly above average. resulted despite irregular chills and very high temperatures during Export shipments through December 1, 2018, were estimated at summer. Overall, quality of the crop is good, although the nut size is 13,000 MT, a decrease of 65,000 MT compared to the previous year. smaller than average in comparison to last year. Limited supply, the price mismatch between domestic and the global As a result of appealing prices and persistent ad campaigns and market, and the enforcement of foreign exchange regulation by the retail promotions, California pistachio sales remain strong. European government were the main contributing factors to 2018 export decrease. consumer demand is steady, and demand for Chinese New Year was India was the main market for Iranian pistachios through November, high, even with the recent tariff increment between the US and China. with the demand covering the Diwali festival. Exports to the Far East However, inquiries decreased after major markets had already covered amounted to 3,000 MT, a 93% decline compared to the average their demand for the current crop year. amount of the past four years (2014-2017: 43,000 MT) during the same period. Shipments to the EU-15 have dropped by 88% compared TURKEY. Autumn was very busy for the Turkish pistachio industry. to the average amount of the past four years (2014-2017: 6,000 Due to strong EUR and USD last September and the huge 2018 crop, MT). Exports to the Middle East countries have also dropped by 80% exports were very active. On the other hand, the domestic consumption compared to the average amount of the past four years (2014-2017: was slower than expected because the economic situation in Turkey 5,000 MT) during the same period. weakened the market. Even Christmas demand did not affect the price. Stable prices are expected in spring. AUSTRALIA. 2018 record crop was largely fully shipped at the beginning of the year due to strong domestic demand and increased IRAN. According to Iran Pistachio Association's post-harvest estimate, sales to China as a result of the USA-China trade dispute. The slight 2018 crop yielded 52,000 MT of in-shell pistachios with an estimated decline in 2018 prices produced a surge in domestic demand of about carry-over of 35,000 MT. Thus, Iran's gross inventory at the beginning of 10% over 2017 levels. 2019 harvest was expected to begin in late current marketing year was around 87,000 MT. As previously reported, February. Prospects are of a good “off crop”. this was a record-low crop due to heat damage suffered during bud

Estimated World Pistachio Production. In-shell Basis · Metric Tons. 2017/2018 2018/2019 Country Beginning Stock Crop Total Supply Ending Stock Beginning stock Crop Total Supply Ending Stock

USA 115,507 274,756 390,263 47,619 47,619 450,794 498,413 122,902

TURKEY 50,000 50,000 100,000 5,000 5,000 232,000 237,000 87,000

IRAN 3,000 225,000 228,000 35,000 35,000 52,000 87,000 5,000

SYRIA 0 17,000 17,000 0 0 20,000 20,000 0

AFGHANISTAN 0 10,000 10,000 0 0 5,000 5,000 0

GREECE 500 4,000 4,500 0 0 4,000 4,000 0

CHINA 0 1,200 1,200 0 0 3,200 3,200 0

ITALY 0 2,250 2,250 0 0 2,500 2,500 0

AUSTRALIA 0 3,300 3,300 0 0 2,000 2,000 0

TOTAL 169,007 587,506 756,513 87,619 87,619 771,494 859,113 214,902

CONSUMPTION (T. Supply - End. Stock) 668,894 644,211

Sources: Iran Pistachio Association, Greek Nuts & Fruits Trade Association, Australia Pistachio Growers' Association and other INC sources.

March 2019 | NUTFRUIT 79 Statistical Review WALNUTS 核桃 / NUEZ / NOIX / NOCE / WALNUSS / CEVIZ

CHINA. The 2018 crop early projection USDA will issue a final crop number later this volumes of in-shell walnuts added up to was revised 2.5% down to 810,000 metric year, adjusted for farm use. Most of the crop is 65,226 MT, 16% up from the prior season, tons due to unfavorable weather conditions in showing excellent quality, light color and good while shelled nuts increased by 1%, most origins and a shortfall from Yunnan, the size despite a late start to the harvest season. amounting to 24,778 MT. second largest origin in China. Quality is good Market demand for walnuts remains strong. for premium varieties. EASTERN EUROPE. Heavy rains The lower production and sluggish demand CHILE. The season had a slow start due to delayed the harvest 2-3 weeks, affecting the early reduced exports and kept the market steady, below-normal temperatures during the spring, deliveries that were already committed. Due to which remained more active for top qualities. which normalized towards the end of 2018 favorable weather conditions during the season While many packers were heavily committed for allowing an optimal development of the nut. Pre- and the enlargement of the cultivated areas, local shipments, domestic market was expected harvest good weather conditions anticipate a the Ukrainian crop was increased by 9% up to to decline after the Chinese Spring Festival so normal harvest, which could reach 150,409 MT 120,000 MT (in-shell basis). On the contrary, the as to come back to the international market, as projected by Chilenut. According to in-field crop in Moldova was estimated at 28,000 MT, depending largely on the remaining inventory. measurements a very good season in terms of 25-30% lower from the prior forecast, caused production and quality is expected. by unfavorable pre-harvest weather conditions USA. The current crop as reported by handlers Shipments from Chile through December that affected the already developed fruits. Both is anticipated to be lower than the 690,000 short 31, 2018, increased by 9% from the same Ukrainian and Moldavian crops presented nuts that tons (626,000 MT) forecasted by the USDA period the previous season, reaching were darker in color, but with no changes in the Objective Measurement Report in August 2018. 114,781 MT (in-shell basis). Commercialized taste of kernels.

Estimated World Walnut Production. In-shell Basis · Metric Tons. 2017/2018 2018/2019 Country Beginning Stock Crop Total Supply Ending Stock Beginning stock Crop Total Supply Ending Stock CHINA 40,000 840,000 880,000 40,000 40,000 810,000 850,000 40,000 USA 50,780 569,500 620,280 57,762 57,762 626,000 683,762 90,000 CHILE 2,000 125,000 127,000 800 800 150,000 150,800 2,000 IRAN 0 95,000 95,000 0 0 120,000 120,000 n/a UKRAINE 2,000 132,250 134,250 5,000 5,000 120,000 125,000 5,000 FRANCE 2,000 35,000 37,000 2,000 2,000 35,000 37,000 2,000 INDIA 0 35,000 35,000 5,000 5,000 35,000 40,000 3,000 ROMANIA 0 33,000 33,000 0 0 36,000 36,000 n/a MOLDOVA 0 39,000 39,000 0 0 28,000 28,000 0 TURKEY 3,000 26,500 29,500 0 0 25,000 25,000 n/a ITALY 0 18,000 18,000 0 0 12,000 12,000 n/a HUNGARY 0 12,000 12,000 0 0 13,000 13,000 n/a AUSTRALIA 0 10,500 10,500 200 200 10,500 10,700 200 GEORGIA 0 6,000 6,000 0 0 6,000 6,000 n/a OTHERS 0 30,000 30,000 0 0 15,000 15,000 n/a WORLD TOTAL 99,780 2,006,750 2,106,530 110,762 110,762 2,041,500 2,152,262 142,200 CONSUMPTION (T. Supply - End. Stock) 1,995,768 2,010,062 Kernel Basis · Metric Tons. 2017/2018 2018/2019 Country Beginning Stock Crop Total Supply Ending Stock Beginning stock Crop Total Supply Ending Stock CHINA 17,600 369,000 386,600 17,600 17,600 356,400 374,000 17,600 USA* 22,343 250,580 272,923 25,415 25,415 275,440 300,855 39,600 CHILE 1,000 60,000 61,000 400 400 70,000 70,400 880 IRAN 0 38,000 38,000 0 0 48,000 48,000 n/a UKRAINE 680 51,750 52,430 1,950 1,950 44,000 45,950 2,200 FRANCE 880 17,500 18,380 1,000 1,000 15,400 16,400 880 INDIA 0 12,000 12,000 1,700 1,700 13,000 14,700 1,320 ROMANIA 0 11,500 11,500 0 0 13,000 13,000 0 MOLDOVA 0 13,500 13,500 0 0 11,000 11,000 0 TURKEY 1,320 11,660 12,980 0 0 11,000 11,000 n/a ITALY 0 8,100 8,100 0 0 5,280 5,280 n/a HUNGARY 0 4,200 4,200 0 0 5,100 5,100 0 AUSTRALIA 0 5,250 5,250 100 100 4,600 4,700 88 GEORGIA 0 2,000 2,000 0 0 2,600 2,600 0 OTHERS 0 12,000 12,000 0 0 6,000 6,000 n/a WORLD TOTAL 43,823 867,040 910,863 48,165 48,165 880,820 928,985 62,568 CONSUMPTION (T. Supply - End. Stock) 862,698 866,417 Sources: California Walnut Board and Commission, Chilenut, Ukranian Walnut Association and other INC sources. In the Southern hemisphere walnuts are harvested from March through April. *California Walnut Board and Commission does not measure in kernel basis; kernel equivalent is an INC estimation.

80 March 2019 | NUTFRUIT Statistical Review PEANUTS 花生 / CACAHUETE / CACAHUÈTE / ARACHIDE / ERDNUSS / YER FISTIGI

CHINA. Peanut production in the 2018/19 the South East, where harvesting continued up ARGENTINA. Due to unfavorable season was down from 2017/18, but still to late November - first of December. On top of weather conditions, 2017/18 crop was even reached 15.5 million metric tons. Vegetable that, a hurricane hit the largest peanut growing shorter than previously anticipated. As a result, oil prices have been depressed because of the areas of the US in the middle of October. This it was mostly sold out and shipments from the trade friction between China and the United impacted the shellers’ ability to bring the crop USA and Brazil were increased to cover the States. Therefore, the domestic market price in, while at the same time caused more damage lack of Argentine peanuts. of Chinese peanuts has been low. Although to the remaining growth of the crop. Due to In contrast, for the 2018/19 crop, China entered the Spring Festival peanut and these issues, the total US crop appears to be temperatures, sunlight and quantity and peanut oil consumption season, peanut prices approximately 2.63 million Farmer Stock Short frequency of rains were adequate since continued to slump, which made the high- Tons, which is approx. 400,000 short tons less plantings. For the current season, 355,000 quality Chinese peanut more competitive in the than previously estimated in September 2018 hectares have been planted and more accurate international market, and exports higher than (3,044,306 short tons). estimates of yields and production will be in previous years. In early February, export The quality is expected to be average. available by the end of March. The planted price of 24/28 peanuts FOB Qingdao was at However, very little of the 2018 crop has been area was reduced by 16% compared to the 1,400-1,500 dollars per MT. shelled, and it will take until June to know the prior season partly due to the poor results of actual quality of kernels. While there were the prior season, together with the high impact USA. The peanut crop faced head winds some small issues from the in-shell farmer of the reinstatement of the withholdings and in 2018. There was too much rain in the early stock side, the quality is not overly concerning. the reduction of export refunds, as well as the spring forcing half of the crop to be planted Consumption before the holiday season was scarce access to financing sources. late, practically making two separate crops. flat versus last year and it is predicted to Thus, half of the crop was harvested later in remain flat over the foreseeable future.

Estimated World Peanut Production. In-shell Basis · 1000 Metric Tons. 2017/2018 2018/2019 Country Beginning Stock Crop Total Supply Ending Stock Beginning stock Crop Total Supply Ending Stock CHINA 868 18,500 19,368 27 27 15,500 15,527 43 INDIA 574 6,650 7,224 680 680 4,700 5,380 233 NIGERIA 181 3,200 3,381 162 162 3,200 3,362 118 USA 654 3,228 3,882 1,232 1,232 2,482 3,714 1,064 INDONESIA 68 1,075 1,143 53 53 1,060 1,113 48 SENEGAL 30 1,412 1,442 232 232 1,000 1,232 82 ARGENTINA 447 843 1,290 160 160 1,000 1,160 1,190 BRAZIL 68 513 581 68 68 530 598 98 VIETNAM 50 490 540 48 48 420 468 33 GHANA 0 440 440 0 0 320 320 2 NICARAGUA 20 200 220 26 26 175 201 21 MEXICO 23 110 133 23 23 100 123 20 SOUTH AFRICA 1 100 101 23 23 100 123 21 COTE D'IVOIRE 0 90 90 0 0 90 90 2 OTHERS 120 7,000 7,120 0 0 6,800 6,800 231 WORLD TOTAL 3,104 43,851 46,955 2,734 2,734 37,477 40,211 3,206 WORLD CONSUMPTION (T. Supply - End. Stock) 44,221 37,005

Sources: China Chamber of Commerce for Import and Export of Foodstuffs, USDA and other INC sources.

US Peanut Supply and Disappearance. 1000 Metric Tons. Year Beg. Supply Disappearance Aug. 1 Beg Stocks Production Imports Total Domestic Food Crush Seed & Residual Exports Total Ending Stock 2016/17* 812 2,532 73 3,417 1,400 399 362 602 2,763 654 2017/18* 654 3,227 78 3,959 1,425 320 405 577 2,727 1,232 2018/19** 1,232 2,482 34 3,748 1,466 347 326 544 2,683 1,064

*Estimated. **Forecast. Sources: USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service, Crop Production and Peanut Stocks and Processing, and U.S. Department of Commerce, U.S. Census Bureau, Foreign Trade Statistics. Last update: 12/12/2018.

March 2019 | NUTFRUIT 81 Statistical Review DATES / DÁTIL / DATTE / DATTERO / DATTEL / HURMA

The 2018/19 season showed a slight decrease compared to the previous sales, i.e. 150,000 MT, were sold during the Holiday season. About 90% year in some palm groves in the producing countries, but the entering were exported mainly to South-west Europe. into production of the new plantations largely covered this deficit. In most producing countries, quality has undergone a significant Table dates represent 16% of gross world production. Only part of improvement in terms of the rates of infestation, fermentation, external the raw material is received in the packaging units and then sold on the defects and waste, especially in batches of dates intended for table local market and for export. For the 2018/2019 season and until the end dates. This improvement is primarily due to favorable weather conditions of December, table date sales amounted to around 750,000 metric tons, and also the farmers' growing awareness of the stringency of market from which around 200,000 MT were for export. Approximately 20% of specifications and the impact of quality on sales.

Estimated World Table Date Production. Metric Tons. 2017/2018 2018/2019 Country Beginning Stock Production Total Supply Ending Stock Beginning stock Production Total Supply Ending Stock SAUDI ARABIA 16,000 220,000 236,000 20,000 20,000 230,000 250,000 25,000 IRAN 7,000 170,000 177,000 10,000 10,000 175,000 185,000 11,000 UAE 5,500 120,000 125,500 10,000 10,000 135,000 145,000 12,000 TUNISIA 5,000 105,000 110,000 5,000 5,000 120,000 125,000 4,000 ALGERIA 4,000 90,000 94,000 6,000 6,000 100,000 106,000 6,000 EGYPT 6,000 95,000 101,000 5,000 5,000 98,000 103,000 5,000 IRAQ 1,500 65,000 66,500 3,000 3,000 60,000 63,000 4,000 ISRAEL 4,000 30,000 34,000 4,000 4,000 35,000 39,000 3,000 PAKISTAN 1,500 30,000 31,500 2,000 2,000 32,000 34,000 2,000 USA 4,000 20,000 24,000 4,000 4,000 30,000 34,000 5,000 OMAN 1,500 20,000 21,500 1,500 1,500 25,000 26,500 2,000 MOROCCO 1,000 20,000 21,000 1,000 1,000 25,000 26,000 1,500 SUDAN 500 9,000 9,500 500 500 9,000 9,500 500 LIBYA 100 1,000 1,100 100 100 1,000 1,100 100 OTHERS 5,000 30,000 35,000 5,000 5,000 35,000 40,000 5,000 WORLD TOTAL 62,600 1,025,000 1,087,600 77,100 77,100 1,110,000 1,187,100 86,100 WORLD CONSUMPTION (T. Supply - End. Stock) 1,010,500 1,101,000 Source: INC. These data concern only dates that have been packaged and presented for sale as such. They account for about 16% of global production of raw dates. Dates consumed in bulk and those destined for processing are not included.

DRIED APRICOTS 杏 / OREJÓN / ABRICOT SEC / ALBICOCCA SECCA / GETROCKNETE APRIKOSE / KURU KAYISI

TURKEY. Turkish crop volume for the 2018/19 season of dried apricots out of Turkey had reached 55,000 MT, down 4% is expected to remain unchanged from the earlier estimate of 98,000 compared to the same period the previous year. The top export markets metric tons, 31% down from the 2017/18 crop. As reported by the this season are USA, France, Germany and the Russian Federation. Aegean Exporters’ Association, as of January 20, 2019, total shipments

Estimated World Dried Apricot Production. Metric Tons. 2017/2018 2018/2019 Country Beginning Stock Production Total Supply Ending Stock Beginning stock Production Total Supply Ending Stock TURKEY 15,000 142,260 157,260 20,000 20,000 98,000 118,000 15,000 IRAN 1,000 32,000 33,000 1,000 1,000 32,000 33,000 n/a UZBEKISTAN 0 10,000 10,000 0 0 12,000 12,000 n/a AFGHANISTAN 0 3,500 3,500 0 0 6,500 6,500 n/a CHINA 250 6,000 6,250 0 0 5,000 5,000 n/a SOUTH AFRICA 0 1,500 1,500 0 0 1,800 1,800 n/a USA 0 1,500 1,500 0 0 1,500 1,500 n/a OTHERS 1,500 30,000 31,500 3,000 3,000 30,000 33,000 n/a WORLD TOTAL 17,750 226,760 244,510 24,000 24,000 186,800 210,800 15,000 WORLD CONSUMPTION (T. Supply - End. Stock) 220,510 195,800

Sources: Aegean Exporters Association, Iran Dried Fruit Exporters Association and other INC Sources.

82 March 2019 | NUTFRUIT Statistical Review DRIED CRANBERRIES 莓 / ARÁNDANO ROJO / MIRTILLO ROSSO / KEÇIYEMISI

The 2018 North American crop is estimated at 13.2 million barrels up Additional tariffs in China slowed down Chinese New Year´s demand from the prior crop as British Columbia and Eastern Canada crops grew and the late start to the main season in Europe resulted in packers by nearly 50% vs. 2017. Carry-in measured on August 31, 2018 was and distributors carrying more inventory into the new year than they 2.9 million barrels down from the previous year. expected. However, demand remains strong, sales in late January were buoyant and a strong lead up to the Easter season is expected. Estimated World Sweetened Dried Cranberries Production. Metric Tons. 2017/2018 2018/2019 Country Beginning Stock Production Total Supply Ending Stock Beginning stock Production Total Supply Ending Stock USA 13,000 154,222 167,222 3,869 3,869 172,450 176,319 4,520 CANADA 2,200 25,494 27,694 1,820 1,820 33,700 35,520 1,940 CHILE 500 9,970 10,470 221 221 8,164 8,385 450 WORLD TOTAL 15,700 189,686 205,386 5,910 5,910 214,314 220,224 6,910 WORLD CONSUMPTION (T. Supply - End. Stock) 199,476 213,314 Source: INC. The cranberry crop is harvested in the fall. End of year statistics are measured as of August, 31. 2018/19 represents the estimate of production and supply through August 31, 2019. In Chile, the crop is harvested in March-April.

花果 / HIGO SECO / FIGUE SEC / FICO SECCO / DRIED FIGS GETROCKNETE FEIGE / KURU INCIR

TURKEY. As per the Aegean Exporters’ Association, due to tons. Exports for the 2018/19 season, had reached 30,500 metric tons unfavorable weather conditions during the harvest period, the 2018/19 as of January, 20, 2019, down 12% versus the same period the previous crop was estimated down from the earlier estimate at 70,000 metric year, being France, Germany, USA and Italy the top destinations. Estimated World Dried Fig Production. Metric Tons. 2017/2018 2018/2019 Country Beginning Stock Production Total Supply Ending Stock Beginning stock Production Total Supply Ending Stock TURKEY 0 78,200 78,200 3,000 3,000 70,000 73,000 3,000 IRAN 3,000 22,000 25,000 8,500 8,500 30,000 38,500 n/a USA 0 9,200 9,200 0 0 9,500 9,500 n/a GREECE 0 7,500 7,500 0 0 7,500 7,500 n/a SPAIN 0 10,000 10,000 0 0 6,900 6,900 n/a ITALY 0 4,000 4,000 0 0 4,300 4,300 n/a AFGHANISTAN 0 9,000 9,000 0 0 3,500 3,500 n/a OTHERS 0 3,500 3,500 0 0 4,200 4,200 n/a WORLD TOTAL 3,000 143,400 146,400 11,500 11,500 135,900 147,400 3,000 WORLD CONSUMPTION (T. Supply - End. Stock) 134,900 144,400 Sources: Aegean Exporters' Association, California Fig Advisory Board and other INC sources.

/ CIRUELA SECA / PRUNEAU / PRUGNA SECCA / PRUNES BACKPFLAUME / KURU ERIK / PRUNA SECA

USA. The 2018/19 crop, while less in total volume as compared ARGENTINA. 2018/2019 crop was revised down to 10,000 to 2017/18 levels, offers optimum quantities of “A” screen premium MT as it was affected by frosts and wind, reducing fruit set. Besides, quality prunes. Stable acreage, along with intensified focus in strategic serious hail damages were registered last November in more than marketing, nutrition science, and crop management and sustainability 6,000 hectares in the main producing region. The plum size is improvements underscore California’s prune industry long-term success. expected to exceed that of 2018. Estimated World Prune Production. Metric Tons. 2017/2018 2018/2019 Country Beginning Stock Production Total Supply Ending Stock Beginning stock Production Total Supply Ending Stock USA 47,391 94,423 141,814 70,041 70,041 72,545 142,586 70,000 CHILE 14,714 73,702 88,416 14,207 14,207 71,452 85,659 7,800 FRANCE 38,382 48,263 86,645 51,000 51,000 32,000 83,000 48,000 ARGENTINA 26,000 12,616 38,616 8,000 8,000 10,000 18,000 n/a SERBIA 420 3,000 3,420 420 420 8,000 8,420 n/a ITALY 650 890 1,540 380 380 1,200 1,580 n/a AUSTRALIA 730 4,500 5,230 1,600 1,600 1,100 2,700 826 SOUTH AFRICA 0 1,100 1,100 0 0 910 910 0 TOTAL 128,287 238,494 366,781 145,648 145,648 197,207 342,855 126,626 CONSUMPTION (T. Supply - End. Stock) 221,133 216,229 Sources: California Dried Plum Board, Chile Prunes Association and other INC sources.

March 2019 | NUTFRUIT 83 Statistical Review RAISINS, SULTANAS & CURRANTS 葡萄干 / UVA PASA / SEC / UVETTA / ROSINE / KURU ÜZÜM

TURKEY. 2018/19 crop estimate remains Around 90% of the green raisin production temperatures followed and a normal to below- unchanged at 261,000 metric tons. From the was sold on the Chinese domestic market while normal yield developed along both production beginning of the season in September 1, 2018 the remaining 10% was exported to India, Middle areas. Expectations are that a harvest of to January 20, 2019 the new crop shipments East, EU and Japan. Sultana shipments were 70,000 MT could be reached, if weather reached 125,000 MT, being the UK and the increased due to Turkey’s shorter crop. Market conditions were favorable there could be an Netherlands the top markets. is expected to remain stable, except for Chinese even a larger crop. Fruit quality was excellent New Year’s demand peak with lower prices than at the beginning of the harvest (end of January) USA. The official crop estimate for the last year. and drying conditions were favorable. 2018/19 crop is about 227,000 +/- 9,000 The total 2017/18 harvest was sold out metric tons for Natural Seedless raisins, around IRAN. Supply remains estimated at 200,000 during the 2018 calendar year. Production 10% up compared to the 2017/18 crop. The MT, composed of 30,000 MT of carry-over plus grew by 9% between 2016/17 and 2017/18, growing region experienced favorable weather a crop of 120,000 MT of Sultanas, 40,000 MT which resulted in more product available to be in the spring and summer as well as good drying of Golden raisins and 10,000 MT of sun dried marketed to cover the shortage in Thompsons, conditions during late summer/early fall. Quality raisins. Between October 2018 and January due to the smaller US crop. appears to be very good this season. 2019, exports added up to 24,000 MT, while Shipments through December were domestic consumption is anticipated to reach ARGENTINA. The quality and sanitary affected by the shorter 2017/18 crop, while they 30,000 MT. conditions in the vineyards at the beginning of were expected to pick up as of the beginning the year were very good. This season, there of the year; the prospects for the Chinese New SOUTH AFRICA. The 2018/2019 were three flowering periods due to the very Year were good as more consumers become season started 10-14 days later than normal cold spring in San Juan. Usually, there are two familiar with dark raisins. and low temperatures did not allow for growing blooming periods and the occurrence of a third degree days (GDD) to accumulate between one causes a very uneven harvest. Prospects CHINA. 2018/19 crop was estimated budbreak and flowering. Consequently, growth are of a very good season in terms of volume between 160,000-170,000 MT, about 20-30% was poor and flowering was uneven along and quality. more than last season, composed of 70% green the production areas. With a heat wave in the raisins and 30% Sultanas. Although sizes are midst of flowering, certain cultivars aborted a small, quality is very good. great deal of their fruit load. After fruit-set, high

Estimated World Raisin / Sultana / Currant Production. Metric Tons. 2017/2018 2018/2019 Country Beginning Stock Production Total Supply Ending Stock Beginning stock Production Total Supply Ending Stock TURKEY 20,000 310,000 330,000 25,000 25,000 261,000 286,000 10,000 USA 91,262 215,000 306,262 68,000 68,000 236,000 304,000 n/a CHINA 5,000 130,000 135,000 0 0 170,000 170,000 n/a IRAN 10,000 125,000 135,000 30,000 30,000 170,000 200,000 46,000 INDIA 0 140,000 140,000 0 0 140,000 140,000 n/a SOUTH AFRICA 1,800 71,100 72,900 1,500 1,500 70,000 71,500 n/a CHILE 5,000 60,000 65,000 6,000 6,000 60,000 66,000 n/a UZBEKISTAN 0 45,000 45,000 2,500 2,500 50,000 52,500 n/a AFGHANISTAN 3,000 50,000 53,000 2,500 2,500 50,000 52,500 n/a ARGENTINA 0 35,000 35,000 0 0 38,000 38,000 n/a AUSTRALIA 7,450 15,100 22,550 3,000 3,000 18,600 21,600 n/a GREECE 0 22,000 22,000 0 0 18,000 18,000 n/a TOTAL 143,512 1,218,200 1,361,712 138,500 138,500 1,281,600 1,420,100 56,000

CONSUMPTION (T. Supply - End. Stock) 1,223,212 1,364,100

Sources: Aegean Exporters Association, Iran Dried Fruit Exporters Association, Greek Nuts & Fruits Trade Association and other INC sources.

84 March 2019 | NUTFRUIT INDIA IMPORTS,INDIA ALMONDS IMPORTS, IN-SHELL ALMONDS (METRIC IN-SHELL TONS) (METRIC TONS)

USA USAAustralia AustraliaChina, Hong KongChina, SAR Hong Kong SAROthers OthersWorld Total World Total 160,000 160,000 140,000 140,000 120,000 120,000 100,000 100,000 80,000 80,000 60,000 60,000 40,000 40,000 20,000 20,000 0 0 2007 2008 2007 2009 2008 2010 2009 2011 2010 2012 2011 2013 2012 2014 2013 2015 2014 2016 2015 2017 2016 2017

INDIA IMPORTS,INDIA ALMONDS IMPORTS, SHELLED ALMONDS (METRIC SHELLED TONS) (METRIC TONS)

USA USAAustralia AustraliaChina, Hong KongChina, SAR Hong Kong SAROthers OthersWorld Total World Total 18,000 18,000 16,000 16,000 14,000 14,000 12,000 12,000 10,000 10,000 8,000 8,000 6,000 6,000 4,000 4,000 2,000 2,000 0 0 2007 2008 2007 2009 2008 2010 2009 2011 2010 2012 2011 2013 2012 2014 2013 2015 2014 2016 2015 2017 2016 2017

INDIA IMPORTS,INDIA ALMONDS IMPORTS, IN-SHELL ALMONDS (NKW IN-SHELL METRIC (NKW TONS) METRIC TONS)

India India Other destinationsOther destinations 200,000 200,000 175,000 175,000 150,000 150,000 125,000 125,000 100,000 100,000 75,000 75,000 50,000 50,000 25,000 25,000 0 0 2007/08 2008/092007/082009/102008/092010/112009/102011/122010/112012/132011/122013/142012/132014/152013/142015/162014/152016/172015/162017/182016/172018/192017/18 2018/19 Aug-Jan Aug-Jan

INDIA IMPORTS,INDIA ALMONDS IMPORTS, SHELLED ALMONDS (METRIC SHELLED TONS) (METRIC TONS) India India 8,000 8,000 7,000 7,000 6,000 6,000 5,000 5,000 4,000 4,000 3,000 3,000 2,000 2,000 1,000 1,000 0 0 2007/08 2008/092007/082009/102008/092010/112009/102011/122010/112012/132011/122013/142012/132014/152013/142015/162014/152016/172015/162017/182016/172018/192017/18 2018/19 Aug-Jan Aug-Jan

INDIA IMPORTS,INDIA ALMONDS IMPORTS, IN-SHELL ALMONDS (METRIC IN-SHELL TONS) (METRIC TONS) India India Other destinationsOther destinations 40,000 40,000 Statistical Review 35,000 35,000 30,000 30,000 25,000 25,000SPECIAL REPORT: 20,000 20,000INDIA'S ALMOND DEMAND 15,000 15,000 10,000 10,000 India Imports, Almonds In-shell (Metric Tons) 5,000 5,000 INDIA IMPORTS, ALMONDS IN-SHELL (METRIC TONS) 0 0 USA Australia China, Hong Kong SAR Others World Total 2011/12 2012/132011/12160,000 2013/142012/13 2014/152013/14 2015/162014/15 2016/172015/16 2017/182016/17 2018/192017/18 2018/19 140,000 Mar-Nov Mar-Nov 120,000 INDIA IMPORTS, ALMONDS IN-SHELL (METRIC TONS) 100,000 80,000 USA Australia China, Hong Kong SAR Others World Total 160,000 60,000 140,000 40,000 INDIA IMPORTS,INDIA ALMONDS IMPORTS, SHELLED ALMONDS (METRIC SHELLED TONS) (METRIC TONS) 120,000 20,000 100,000 0 India 80,000India2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 60,000 3,000 3,000 40,000 INDIA IMPORTS, ALMONDS SHELLED (METRIC TONS) 2,700 2,700 20,000 0 2,400 2,400 2007 USA2008 2009Australia2010 2011China,2012 Hong Kong2013 SAR 2014 Others2015 2016 World2017 Total 2,100 2,100 18,000 16,000 India Imports, Almonds Shelled (Metric Tons) 1,800 1,800 14,000 INDIA IMPORTS, ALMONDS SHELLED (METRIC TONS) 1,500 1,500 12,000 10,000 USA Australia China, Hong Kong SAR Others World Total 1,200 1,200 18,0008,000 16,0006,000 900 900 14,0004,000 600 600 12,0002,000 10,0000 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 300 300 8,000 0 0 6,000 2011/12 2012/132011/124,000 2013/142012/13 2014/152013/14 2015/162014/15 2016/172015/16 2017/182016/17 2018/192017/18 2018/19 2,000 INDIA IMPORTS, ALMONDS IN-SHELL (NKW METRIC TONS) Mar-Nov Mar-Nov 0 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 India Other destinations 200,000 175,000 INDIA IMPORTS, ALMONDS IN-SHELL (NKW METRIC TONS) 150,000 125,000 India Other destinations 100,000 INDIA IMPORTS,INDIA ALMONDS IMPORTS,200,000 IN-SHELL ALMONDS IN-SHELL INDIA IMPORTS,INDIA ALMONDS IMPORTS, SHELLED ALMONDS SHELLED India75,000 Imports, Almonds In-shell India Imports, Almonds Shelled 175,000 50,000 USA Australia USAChina,150,000 HongAustralia Kong SAR China,Others Hong Kong SAR Others USA Australia USAChina, HongAustralia Kong SAR China,Others Hong Kong SAR Others 25,000 125,000 0 1% 1% 1% 1% 100,000 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17 2017/18 2018/19 4% <1% 4% <1% 75,000 Aug-Jan 15% 15% 16% 50,00016% <1% <1% 1% 1% 12% 12% 13% 25,000 13% INDIA IMPORTS, ALMONDS SHELLED (METRIC TONS) 0 2007/08India2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 2013/14 2014/15 2015/162% 2016/17 2017/18 2018/192% Aug-Jan 8,000 7,000 20172007 20172007 20172007 20172007 6,000 INDIA IMPORTS, ALMONDS SHELLED (METRIC TONS) 5,000 India 4,000 86% 8,000 86% 86% 86% 3,000 7,00080% 80% 2,000 83% 83% 6,000 1,000 5,000 0 4,000 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17 2017/18 2018/19 3,000 Aug-Jan Source: DESA/UNSD UN2,000 Comtrade Database. 1,000 INDIA IMPORTS, ALMONDS IN-SHELL (METRIC TONS) 0 2007/08India2008/09 2009/10 2010/11Other destinations2011/12 2012/13 2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17March2017/18 2019 |2018/19 NUTFRUIT 85 40,000 Aug-Jan 35,000 30,000 INDIA IMPORTS, ALMONDS IN-SHELL (METRIC TONS) 25,000 India Other destinations 20,000 40,000 15,000 35,000 10,000 30,000 5,000 25,000 0 20,000 2011/12 2012/13 2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17 2017/18 2018/19 15,000 Mar-Nov 10,000 5,000 INDIA IMPORTS, ALMONDS SHELLED (METRIC TONS) 0 2011/12India 2012/13 2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17 2017/18 2018/19 Mar-Nov 3,000 2,700 2,400 INDIA IMPORTS, ALMONDS SHELLED (METRIC TONS) 2,100 1,800 India 1,500 3,0001,200 2,700900 2,400600 2,100300 1,8000 1,500 2011/12 2012/13 2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17 2017/18 2018/19 1,200 Mar-Nov 900 600 300 0 2011/12 2012/13 2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17 2017/18 2018/19 INDIA IMPORTS, ALMONDS IN-SHELL INDIA IMPORTS, ALMONDS SHELLEDMar-Nov

USA Australia China, Hong Kong SAR Others USA Australia China, Hong Kong SAR Others

1% 1% 4% <1% 15% 16% 1% <1% INDIA IMPORTS,13% ALMONDS IN-SHELL INDIA IMPORTS,12% ALMONDS SHELLED 2% USA Australia China, Hong Kong SAR Others USA Australia China, Hong Kong SAR Others 20172007 20172007 1% 1% 4% <1% 15% 16% 1% <1% 13% 86% 12% 86% 80% 2% 83%

20172007 20172007

86% 86% 80% 83% INDIA IMPORTS, ALMONDS IN-SHELL (METRIC TONS) INDIA IMPORTS, ALMONDS IN-SHELL (METRIC TONS) INDIA IMPORTS, ALMONDS IN-SHELL (METRIC TONS) USA INDIAAustralia IMPORTS, ALMONDSChina, Hong IN-SHELL Kong SAR (METRIC OthersTONS) World Total 160,000 USA Australia China, Hong Kong SAR Others World Total 160,000 USA Australia China, Hong Kong SAR Others World Total 140,000 140,000160,000 120,000 120,000140,000 100,000 100,000120,000 80,000 100,00080,000 60,000 60,00080,000 40,000 40,00060,000 20,000 20,00040,000 0 20,0000 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 0 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 INDIA IMPORTS, ALMONDS SHELLED (METRIC TONS) INDIA IMPORTS, ALMONDS SHELLED (METRIC TONS) INDIA IMPORTS, ALMONDS SHELLED (METRIC TONS) USA Australia China, Hong Kong SAR Others World Total 18,000 USA Australia China, Hong Kong SAR Others World Total 18,000 16,000 USA Australia China, Hong Kong SAR Others World Total 16,00018,000 14,000 14,00016,000 12,000 12,00014,000 10,000 Statistical10,00012,000 Review 8,000 10,0008,000 6,000 6,0008,000 4,000 4,0006,000 2,000 2,0004,000 SPECIAL0 REPORT (II): 2,0000 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 0 INDIA'S ALMOND2007 2008 2009 DEMAND2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

INDIA IMPORTS, ALMONDS IN-SHELL (NKW METRIC TONS) USA Exports,INDIA IMPORTS, Almonds ALMONDS In-shell (Kernel IN-SHELL Wt., (NKW Metric METRIC Tons) TONS) INDIA IMPORTS, ALMONDS IN-SHELL (NKW METRIC TONS) India Other destinations India Other destinations 200,000 India Other destinations 200,000 India Other destinations 175,000 175,000200,000 150,000 150,000175,000 125,000 125,000150,000 100,000 100,000125,000 75,000 100,00075,000 50,000 50,00075,000 25,000 25,00050,000 0 25,0000 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17 2017/18 2018/19 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17 2017/18 2018/19 0 Aug-Jan Source: Almond Board of California2007/08 (Crop2008/09 year Aug 1-July2009/10 31) 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17 2017/18 Aug-Jan2018/19 Aug-Jan INDIA IMPORTS, ALMONDS SHELLED (METRIC TONS) USA ExportsINDIA IMPORTS, to India, ALMONDS Almonds ShelledSHELLED (Metric (METRIC Tons) TONS) India INDIA IMPORTS, ALMONDS SHELLED (METRIC TONS) India 8,000 India 8,000 7,000 8,0007,000 6,000 7,0006,000 5,000 6,0005,000 4,000 5,0004,000 3,000 4,0003,000 2,000 3,0002,000 1,000 2,0001,000 0 1,0000 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17 2017/18 2018/19 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17 2017/18 2018/19 0 Aug-Jan 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17 2017/18 Aug-Jan2018/19 Source: Almond Board of California (Crop year Aug 1-July 31) Aug-Jan INDIA IMPORTS, ALMONDS IN-SHELL (METRIC TONS) INDIA IMPORTS, ALMONDS IN-SHELL (METRIC TONS) India AustraliaINDIAOther Exports, IMPORTS,destinations Almonds ALMONDS In-shell IN-SHELL (Metric (METRIC Tons) TONS) India Other destinations 40,000 India Other destinations 40,000 35,000 40,00035,000 30,000 35,00030,000 25,000 30,00025,000 20,000 25,00020,000 15,000 20,00015,000 10,000 15,00010,000 5,000 10,0005,000 0 5,0000 2011/12 2012/13 2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17 2017/18 2018/19 2011/12 2012/13 2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17 2017/18 2018/19 0 Mar-Nov 2011/12 2012/13 2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17 2017/18 Mar-Nov2018/19 Mar-Nov Source: Almond Board of Australia (Mkt year March-February)INDIA IMPORTS, ALMONDS SHELLED (METRIC TONS) INDIA IMPORTS, ALMONDS SHELLED (METRIC TONS) India INDIA IMPORTS, ALMONDS SHELLED (METRIC TONS) India Australia Exports to India, Almonds Shelled (Metric Tons) 3,000 India 2,7003,000 3,000 3,0002,4002,700 2,700 2,7002,1002,400 2,400 2,4001,8002,100 2,100 2,1001,5001,800 1,800 1,8001,2001,500 1,500 1,5001,200900 1,200 1,200600900 900 900300600 600 6003000 3000 2011/12 2012/13 2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17 2017/18 2018/19 2011/12 2012/13 2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17 2017/18 2018/19 0 Mar-Nov 2011/12 2012/13 2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17 2017/18 Mar-Nov2018/19 Mar-Nov Source: Almond Board of Australia (Mkt year March-February)

INDIA IMPORTS, ALMONDS IN-SHELL INDIA IMPORTS, ALMONDS SHELLED INDIA IMPORTS, ALMONDS IN-SHELL INDIA IMPORTS, ALMONDS SHELLED INDIA IMPORTS,USA Australia ALMONDSChina, Hong Kong IN-SHELL SAR Others INDIAUSA IMPORTS,Australia ALMONDSChina, Hong Kong SAR SHELLEDOthers March 2019 NUTFRUITUSA Australia China, Hong Kong SAR Others USA Australia China, Hong Kong SAR Others 86 | 1% 1% USA Australia China, Hong Kong SAR Others USA Australia China, Hong Kong SAR Others 1% 1% 4% <1% 4% <1% 15% 1% 1% 16% 1% 15% <1% 16% 13%4% <1% 12% 1% <1% 13% 15% 12% 16% 16% 1% 2% <1% 13% 1% 12% 13% 2%

20172007 2% 20172007 20172007 20172007 20172007 20172007

86% 86% 86% 80% 86% 80% 83% 86% 86% 86% 83% 80% 83%

Industry News ALMOND ORCHARD 2025 GOALS: A COMMITMENT TO CONTINUOUS IMPROVEMENT

Richard Waycott, CEO of the Almond Board of California, and Holly King, Almond Board Chair, announcing the Almond Orchard 2025 Goals at The Almond Conference in early December.

ortune favors the bold. The proverbial phrase, which has been associated “As an individual grower, each goal solves a problem or challenges, and Fwith everything from the military to creates an economic benefit,” said Holly King, chair of the ABC Board of entrepreneurs, is an expression that also Directors. “As an industry, proactively setting goals allows us to shape our captures the spirit of the Almond Orchard own future -to tell our story rather than having others tell it for us.” 2025 Goals. Recently announced by the Almond Board of California (ABC), these A Journey of Continuous Improvement goals serve as an industry guidepost While the almond industry has been on a journey of continuous improvement for many years, to help ensure that almonds remain an the goals will help prioritize resources to find ways to responsibly grow more almonds and meet economically, environmentally and socially growing global demand. responsible crop for California. “We try to be a good steward of the land by doing more with less -less inputs, less applications, While the California almond industry has less trips into the field, obviously less water,” said Brian Wahlbrink, a California almond grower and experienced tremendous growth over the last chair of the Almond Board of California’s Harvest Workgroup. decade and retained a positive reputation There are a number of benefits to establishing goals that are ambitious and attainable in globally, with growth comes challenges. equal measure. From an industry standpoint, it’s important to unite around a clear set of goals Anticipating potential barriers to continued to prioritize areas for improvement in order to continue providing the world with a high-quality, growth, the ABC Board of Directors met in sustainably-grown crop. Beyond the industry, these goals serve as a platform for the almond early 2018 to discuss how the industry would community to communicate the industry’s sustainability journey to consumers around the world. address issues such as how to put a growing “The goals feed into the general interest of consumers who want to know more about their amount of almond hulls, shells, and woody foods and how they’re raised; how they’re grown,” said Richard Waycott, ABC president and CEO. biomass to good use, and how to grow more “The same thing is coming through our customer base down the supply chain.” The Board set almonds with finite resources like water. goals in four key areas deemed critical to the industry’s success and placed each goal on a That discussion led to the development of common timeline, targeting the year 2025 to work toward improvements in the areas of water use, the Almond Orchard 2025 Goals. biomass utilization, harvest dust and integrated pest management.

88 March 2019 | NUTFRUIT Industry News

SETTING GOALS FOR THE FUTURE By 2025, the California almond community commits to:

1. Reduce the amount of water used to grow a pound of plastics to create a stronger material, in an effort to find higher- almonds by 20%. Over the past two decades, almond farmers value uses. have successfully reduced the amount of water needed to grow a pound of almonds by 33% via improved production practices 3. Increase adoption of environmentally friendly pest and adoption of efficient microirrigation technology.i With water management tools by 25%. Like all famers, almond scarcity continuing to be an issue, the industry will continue growers strive to make the best, most responsible decisions for looking to new research and enhanced technical expertise to work their operations. This means using integrated pest management, toward producing “more crop per drop.” adopting cultural practices and opting for softer chemistries without sacrificing yields or negatively impacting quality. 2. Achieve zero waste in orchards by putting everything -almond hulls, shells and woody biomass- to optimal 4. Reduce dust during almond harvest by 50%. While use. The industry has always sought responsible and beneficial agricultural dust is not the largest contributor to air emissions, uses for these coproducts, but there is an opportunity to increase the almond industry can play a part in improving air quality by their value, yielding benefits that bring greater environmental and minimizing dust produced at harvest. ABC is overseeing research economical returns. ABC is investing in multiple projects, from projects that will help the industry develop new practices and feeding almond hulls to black soldier fly larvae (used for poultry create new technologies with aim of reducing dust in the orchard and fish feed) to combining torrefied almond shells with recycled during harvest.

What’s Next? “Yes, these goals are bold and ambitious, but we When food safety issues created challenges more than a decade believe they are also achievable, thanks in part to ago, the almond industry responded by creating its own mandatory the significant contributions of growers, processors pasteurization program. When the California drought brought a new and others who serve on our Almond Board working level of attention to the industry, it responded by doubling down on groups.” Waycott said. “Couple that with innovative efforts to increase water use efficiency. Almond growers and handlers research and the accelerated adoption of field-tested have a history of overcoming difficult challenges and view the Almond industry best practices, and we are confident that Orchard 2025 Goals as the first step in a remarkable journey. we’re on the road to success. It will require an “Resilience, innovation and a strong work ethic have gotten us investment from the industry, but the return on that where we are today,” Waycott said. “Those same qualities that have investment, to both the bottom line of the growers driven our success in the past will lead us into the future.” and in the market, is worth it.” i University of California, 2010. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2012. Almond Board of California, 1990-94, 2000-14

March 2019 | NUTFRUIT 89 Industry News CELEBRATING AMERICAN HEART MONTH WITH CALIFORNIA WALNUTS

merican Heart Month in February is a perfect time to celebrate the heart-health benefits that walnuts are so Awell known for. More than 44 scientific papers have been published in the area of walnuts and cardiovascular health. As the first whole food to receive a qualified health claim1 on heart health, walnuts are an ideal choice for a heart-healthy diet. One of the key ways the California Walnut Board tied into heart month was through a second year of targeted retail promotions. Building on the success of the 2018 promotion in two markets, three new markets were selected for the 2019 program (Denver, CO; Richmond, VA; and Sacramento, CA) with participation from many of the key retail players in each market. Each retail chain promoted walnuts during the month and benefited from tagging in local television and radio advertising. California walnuts were featured instore through a variety of retail tactics, including participation from retail dietitians where possible.

US ADVERTISING INTERNATIONAL AND INTEGRATIONS PROGRAM 2018 ROUNDUP

he California Walnut Board is currently in the fourth year of he California Walnut Commission has been active in select a multi-media consumer advertising campaign designed to international markets showing new and innovative ways to Tincrease awareness in the industry’s largest market. The Tuse walnuts to consumers and food manufacturers. During the campaign focuses on the versatility strategy, showing consumers how to holiday seasons, in-store promotions provide consumers the opportunity incorporate California walnuts into various meal parts. Digital advertising to sample California walnuts first-hand and learn about why California is includes banner ads running on a variety of websites including food a premium growing region. Here’s a sampling of some notable highlights and lifestyle focus, which point consumers to the walnuts.org website during 2018. and website integrations such as recipe videos on relevant food sites. Integrations extend to television as well with opportunities for California walnuts to be featured on popular programs such as “Rachael Ray”, Hallmark’s “Home and Family”, and “The Ellen DeGeneres Show.” In total the campaign will be seen 4.2 billion times by US consumers. The California Walnut Board continues to look to the future to build demand for walnuts in the US through increased consumer awareness as well as developing a strong tie between advertising efforts and in- Christmas Time is Walnut Time in Germany store purchases through the new logo and strong retail programs. Since December is a time for families and holiday celebrations in Germany, this December, the CWC conducted a classical Christmas bakery campaign that promoted tasty baking recipes with California

1 Supportive but not conclusive research shows that eating 1.5 ounces of walnuts per day, as walnuts that included gluten-free treats. During the campaign, an part of a low saturated fat and low cholesterol diet, and not resulting in increased caloric intake e-book that contained a collection of recipes and DIY-projects for walnut may reduce the risk of coronary heart disease. U.S. Food and Drug Administration, March 2004. One ounce of walnuts provides 18g of total fat, 2.5g of monounsaturated fat, 13g of polyunsaturated fans that could be downloaded. Consumers could post their DIY and fat, including 2.5g of alpha–linolenic acid - the plant-based omega–3. baking successes through the CWC social channels.

90 March 2019 | NUTFRUIT Industry News

Christmas Comes to India with the Nutcracker Christmas Feast Eminent influencers in the F&B and entertainment industry attended a ‘family war-style feast’ which included over 17 California walnuts inspired delicacies. From candied walnuts on the salad to a walnut stuffing for the glorious Christmas roast to a spiced walnut hollandaise, the dishes were as truly amazing. The event was the most talked about Christmas feast of the year reaching over 900,000 consumers across social media platforms. With endless hugs and praises to end the night, it was a "Nut-Cracker" of a dinner! © California Walnut Commission

Innovative New Products Honored in South Korea Korean food and beverage manufacturers continue to use walnuts in new and exciting ways. The annual CWC Product of the Year annual award ceremony was held on December 18, 2018 where importers, distributors and trade media honored the winners who created innovative new retail products and restaurant menu items using California walnuts.

© California Walnut Commission

Turkey Hips Rolled with tender dough with walnuts First place and molasses sauce Second place Walnut and Lamb Shank Third place Stuffed Turkey with Walnuts and Cranberry Sauce

The event as well as the recipes and detailed information about California walnuts were featured in the January 2019 issue of “FoodLife” magazine reaching readers in the institutional foodservice industry. © California Walnut Commission California Walnut Bread Seminars Reach out to More Cities Chefs Compete to Create Tasty Walnut Dishes in Turkey Baked goods are still a favorite in China and the CWC continued its During 2018, 70 chefs from all over Turkey competed to come up with outreach to top baking chefs in tier 2 and tier 3 cities. A highly respected delicious new recipes containing California walnuts. Submitted recipes master baker created 10 California Walnut products onsite demonstrating were evaluated and five chefs, consisting of food product developers, the steps necessary to craft flavorful walnut creations such as: California marketing experts, executive chefs and culinary journalists, made it Walnut Baguette, California Walnut Sweet Pumpkin Champagne Bread, to the finals where they had the opportunity to prepare their creations California Walnut Herb Champagne Bread, and California Walnut Bottom live. The contestants were briefed about contest rules and were given Fermented French Cream Bread. All 10 of the products were masterfully 90 minutes to prepare and present their recipes to the jury. A four- displayed and available for participants to review and taste. Chinese jury panel tasted and evaluated the final entries under strict judging appetites for bakery products continues to grow making China’s bakery criteria and celebrity cook Elif Korkmazel coordinated and presented sector the second largest and one of the most dynamic in the world. the awards at the GastroPlato Academy. The judges were impressed Consumers are looking for innovation and exciting flavors and seminars with all the finalist’s innovative ways to use California walnuts at a like these provide education to inspire product development using gourmet level. walnuts throughout China.

March 2019 | NUTFRUIT 91 Industry News

92 March 2019 | NUTFRUIT Industry News PLANT-BASED IS HERE TO STAY

By Sherene Chou, MS, RD Sherene is an award-winning and chef focused on building a more sustainable world through plant-based nutrition education. She’s collaborated with national brands and institutions to build innovative programs and serves as the Chair Elect for the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, Vegetarian Practice Group and as the Nutrition Advisor for the Plant Based Foods Association.

018 showcased the continued growth in plant-based food innovation, interest, and sales. According to Innova Market Insights, 2consumers are drawn to plant-based foods based on the growing cross-sectional interest that drive its popularity: sustainability, health and ethics from plant-based ingredients. The report states that “plant-based product claims increased by 62% globally with growth occurring on platforms including plant proteins.”1 As consumers are seeking alternative proteins, 80% of the respondents from the Innova Market Insights reported interest in obtaining protein from plant-based sources. Nuts would be a natural Pistachio “Veggie” Burger fit, with nuts such as pistachios providing 6 grams of protein per ounce along with the added benefits of vitamins, minerals and fiber.2 In addition Ingredients: to the growing trend of seeking alternative protein sources, snacking 1 cup Shelled natural g1 Eg sales have also grown globally at US $3.4 billion in 2017. American pistachios, ½ teaspoon each Dried According to a 2018 Nielsen report on snack growth and opportunity finely chopped thyme and rosemary 2 cups Coarsely grated 1 teaspoon Ground black in emerging markets, consumers are seeking portable, healthy snacks zucchini pepper 3 that focus on clean labels and simple ingredients. There is a growing 2 cans Red kidney beans, ½ teaspoon Salt trend towards healthful eating and wellness as consumers look to find drained and mashed Bottled or homemade oil snack alternatives that promote these values. Based on the World Health ½ cup Grated Romano cheese and vinegar dressing ½ cup Dry bread crumbs Organization, “by 2020, preventable diseases such as diabetes, stroke and heart attacks will contribute to 73% of all deaths... and 31 million Instructions: of these deaths will occur in low- and middle-income countries, many of Combine all ingredients, except dressing and mix well. Shape into 6 which are emerging markets.” With these statistics, governments have patties. Brush both sides generously with dressing and place in a grill basket with a fine grid. Grill in covered barbecue over medium coals been moving towards developing healthy eating campaigns and reforms for 5-6 minutes. Baste with dressing and flip burger. Cook another to encourage better food choices and eating patterns. Nuts remain a key 5-6 minutes. Serve in buns with fixings. part of a healthy diet not only in the United States, as part of the Dietary Guidelines’ Key Recommendations, but also included in the World Health Or: Organization’s overview of a healthy diet.4,5 Pan-fry “veggie” burgers in lightly oiled skillet over medium-low heat. As 2019 begins, the plant-based predictions continue with Cook burger for about four minutes on each side. market researchers showcasing growth predictions and the Economist magazine’s special edition of The World in 2019 declaring it as “the year of the vegan”.6 This prediction is mainly driven by the millennial References consumer as the number of millennials continue to rise. Pew Research 1. https://www.foodingredientsfirst.com/news/nuts-grains-pulses-plant-based-eating-trends- Center predicts that millennials will outgrow the number of baby boost-alternative-proteins.html 2. https://americanpistachios.org/sites/default/files/inline-files/Health-and-Nutrition-Research- 7 boomers as America’s largest generation this year. According to Brochure.pdf Innova Market Insights for the top five trends in 2019, three target 3. https://www.nielsen.com/tw/en/insights/news/2018/booming-snack-sales-highlight-a-growth- plant-based eating while the other two focus on bold flavors and an opportunity-in-emerging-markets.html 4. https://health.gov/dietaryguidelines/2015/guidelines/executive-summary/ 8 increased growth in snacking. 5. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/healthy-diet 6. https://worldin2019.economist.com/theyearofthevegan?utm_source=412&utm_medium=COM 7. http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2018/03/01/millennials-overtake-baby-boomers/ 8. https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/discovery-catering-to-the-adventurous-consumer- is-key-for-2019-says-innova-market-insights-300749117.html

March 2019 | NUTFRUIT 93 Industry News PISTACHIOS SATISFY CONSUMER APPETITES FOR PLANT-BASED PROTEINS

Consumer demand for plant-based protein is growing at an unprecedented rate, with the global plant-based protein market expected to surpass $10.8 billion by 2022. 1

any consumers show a preference to get back to basics.2 Pistachios, which provide 6 grams of plant protein per ounce, Mare one of the highest in plant protein among nuts and a great option for those looking to incorporate more plant protein in their daily diet.

Looking to Boost Your Plant-Based Protein Intake? Crack into a Pistachio! Health awareness is one of the primary drivers of the plant-based trend; in Plant-Based Pistachio Stir Fry the US, 51% of consumers cite a desire to “eat clean” as a top reason for Servings: wanting to incorporate more plant-based foods, and 38% of consumers 1 Prep Time: 12 minutes agree that plant-based protein is associated with positive health effects.3 Cooking Time: 10 minutes Thanks to their nutrition profile, pistachios are a satisfying snack that Sauce: can be enjoyed as part of any healthy eating plan. In addition to plant-

¼ cup low-sodium vegetable ½ teaspoon fresh grated ginger based protein, nearly 90% of the fats found in pistachios are the better-for- broth ¼ teaspoon sea salt you unsaturated type, making them a heart-healthy choice. ½ tablespoon rice vinegar 1/8 teaspoon black pepper One simple popular idea with consumers looking to cut back on refined 1 tablespoon clover honey 1/16 teaspoon crushed red grains is to top salads with pistachios instead of croutons. This simple 1 teaspoon minced garlic pepper swap adds a satisfying crunch that will help meet your daily protein goals. Salad:

¼ cup minced yellow onion ¾ cup frozen black eyed peas Elevate Your Entrees with Pistachios ½ of a medium red bell pepper, 5-6 fresh basil leaves, divided Adding no shells pistachios to recipes is a great way to ramp up the minced ½ cup cooked brown rice protein content in your main dish without adding animal products. Try the ½ of a medium yellow squash, 1 ounce shelled pistachios, Plant-Based Pistachio Stir Fry recipe featured here, which contains 21 g chopped chopped ½ cup fresh kale of protein -about 40% of the Recommended Dietary Allowance for the average adult.4 Instructions: In a small bowl whisk together broth, vinegar, honey, garlic, ginger, salt, pepper, and crushed red pepper. In a medium pan over low heat sauté onions in broth mixture until translucent. Add bell pepper, squash, kale, and black eyed peas, and heat another five minutes. Chop three to four basil leaves and add to the mixture, along with the brown rice and stir to heat through. Transfer to serving dish and garnish with pistachios and remaining basil.

References 1. https://www.researchandmarkets.com/research/zt3wbs/global_10_8?w=12 2. https://www.foodnavigator-usa.com/Article/2018/12/04/Back-to-basics-attitude-will-fuel- realistic-marketing-whole-food-sales-transparency-in-2019-predicts-KIND 3. https://www.nielsen.com/us/en/insights/news/2017/plant-based-proteins-are-gaining-dollar- share-among-north-americans.html 4. https://www.webmd.com/food-recipes/protein

94 March 2019 | NUTFRUIT Industry News PECAN CHEFS SUMMIT SERIES EDUCATES GLOBAL FOODSERVICE R&D CHEFS

ince 2015, the National Pecan Shellers Association (NPSA) has been educating R&D chefs in the foodservice industry on the many uses and health benefits of pecans for Scommercial applications through its Pecan Chefs Summit. The Pecan Chef Summit series has become the industry’s leading pecan immersion program for chefs from global companies like Brill CMS Bakery Solutions, General Mills, and Delta Air Lines; just to name a few. These events have elevated the understanding and interest in pecans among commercial buyers and contributed to pecans becoming one of the hot flavors and ingredients in food today. From left to right: Diane Rossen Worthington In October 2018, top commercial and (SeriouslySimpleFood.com), Ted Osorio (General Mills), Thelma Charpentier (Brill CSM Bakery Solutions), Morgan Larsson (Bill R&D chefs from nationally renowned brands SCM Bakery Solutions), Gena (CulinaryWorks.net), Dan representing foodservice companies, major York (Chair National Pecan Shellers Association), Staci Willson - Alex Willson - Bev Willson - Larry Willson (Sunnyland Farms), chain restaurants, universities, and more, Holly Chute (Georgia Grown), Simon Stevenson (University of Massachusetts), Marie Ostrosky (GreySaltCulinary.com), Pam experienced first-hand the many ways to and Ken Toong (University of Massachusetts). incorporate pecans and pecan products for recipe development and commercial Live Pecan Harvest applications. The Summit instructed The Willson family of Sunnyland Farms in commercial and product development chefs Ken Toong, University of Massachusetts and Thelma Charpentier, Albany, Georgia, hosted a live pecan harvest Brill CSM Bakery Solutions with the many uses, tastes, varieties and for the chefs to experience a commercial nutritional benefits of pecans. operation in action. They learned about pecan A combination of interactive educational activities, plus experiencing the pecan shelling production, distribution, and the harvesting process with a tour from a sheller/grower facility, enlightened attendees on pecan production, process. Following the tour, a delicious lunch distribution, harvesting, grading and storage. was created by Staci Willson, Account Executive with Sunnyland Arms and Chef Todd White, who “I never knew that you could do so many things with pecans. recently prepared pecan dishes at the infamous What I learned, I want to take it back and use it in everything.” James Beard House in New York City.

Hands-On Culinary Experience Best Practices for Storing and The Culinary Director, Marie Ostrosky, who Handling has more than 15 years of experience with Chefs learned best practices for pecan storage the Food Network and is a recipe developer and handling as well as how to develop recipe for major brands such as Purdue Chicken concepts leveraging a variety of pecan products. and McCormick Spices, provided a live cooking demo to showcase pecan products Pecan Innovation including how to make pecan-based drink Marie Ostrosky Demo for Pecan Recipes The Pecan Chefs Summits provide NPSA with and pecan butter. an innovative approach to creating awareness In a live hands-on cooking experience, chefs worked with pecan products in various forms and product development among commercial from pecan pieces and halves, to pecan meal, flour and oil. The chefs created recipes including buyers on a global stage, building awareness snacks, appetizers, entrees, sides, and . They discovered how to differentiate texture and and stimulating interest and growth in the flavor profiles of various pecan products and apply knowledge acquired during sessions to various pecan market. For more information and a innovative food applications that will resonate with their customers. recap of the 2018 Pecan Chefs Summit visit the website at https://ilovepecans.org/pecan- Incorporating Pecans into a Healthy Diet chefs-summit-2018/. With the support of nutritionist Carolyn O’Neil, MS RD, chefs learned how to incorporate pecans into a healthy menu, understanding that just a one-ounce serving of pecans (15- 20 pecan halves) Media Contact: Diane Jackson - [email protected] - packs more than 19 vitamins and minerals, fiber and protein. Direct: 678-303-2961 mobile: 678-428-1596

March 2019 | NUTFRUIT 95 Industry News CALIFORNIA PRUNE BOARD PARTNERS WITH NUTRITION PROFESSIONALS TO DRIVE GLOBAL DEMAND FOR CALIFORNIA PRUNES

The California Prune Board (CPB) is stimulating consumer demand for California prunes by combining the fruit’s exceptional nutritional profile and premium quality with the expertise of highly credible nutrition professionals.

he CPB has engaged a global ambassador network of leading registered dietitian nutritionists (RDNs) to keep the California Tprunes nutrition story in the news and part of social media Turkey Tacos Picadillo conversation year-round. Specifically, the RDN Ambassadors educate with California Prunes consumers about the nutritional benefits of California prunes for supporting Created by California Prunes RDN Ambassador, Carissa Galloway bone health, while reinforcing the importance for digestive health. Among the Board’s U.S. RDN Ambassadors are Jackie Newgent, Ingredients: RDN; Carissa Galloway, RDN; Chris Mohr, PhD, RDN; and Leslie Bonci, 1 pound lean ground turkey ¼ teaspoon cinnamon MPH, RDN, CSSD, LDN. From television broadcast segments to leading 2 teaspoons of oil of choice 1 cup reduced sodium chicken 1 medium onion, finely broth publications and websites, including Reader’s Digest, U.S. News & World chopped 1 can diced tomatoes, drained Report, and Prevention.com, the RDN Ambassadors help to inspire 3 cloves garlic, diced ½ cup sliced green olives consumers to try and buy California prunes. The scope of the ambassador ½ teaspoon salt ¼ cup California prunes, outreach is remarkable. Since August 2018, the U.S. ambassador 1 tablespoon chili powder diced 1 ½ teaspoons cumin 6 corn tortillas network alone has reached a total audience of more than 146 million via 1 teaspoon paprika traditional media coverage and social media engagement. “Our RDN ambassadors are hand selected based on their nutrition Directions: expertise, media connections and passion for sharing the one-of-a-kind 1. Coat a large non-stick skillet with cooking spray. Over medium-high qualities of California prunes,” says Donn Zea, Executive Director of the heat, cook ground turkey, breaking up into bite size pieces. Cook 7-8 minutes or until no longer pink. Remove from skillet and set aside. California Prune Board. “The ambassadors represent those who have 2. Return skillet to medium-high heat and add oil, onion and garlic. Cook a deep understanding of California prunes, no one more so than long- 3-5 minutes, stirring frequently. Watch for onion to soften but not time California prune champion, Leslie Bonci. As such, the ambassador brown. network is a hard-working mix of perspectives and experience all 3. Stir salt, chili powder, cumin, paprika and cinnamon into onion mixture. dedicated to sharing the wonders of California prunes.” Continue stirring 30 seconds or until spices darken and are fragrant. To help keep California prunes on grocery shopping lists, the RDN 4. Pour in broth. Stir to combine. Ambassadors also use their expertise to develop delicious recipes that 5. Add tomatoes, cooked turkey, olives and California prunes to skillet and increase heat to high. Bring to a simmer. Stir frequently as it consumers can incorporate into their day. The recipes showcase the comes to a simmer then decrease heat to medium-low and allow extraordinary versatility of California prunes and are shared in media cooking until sauce thickens, 7-10 minutes. outreach, as well as on the CPB website and social media channels. 6. Remove from heat. “By engaging RDNs to share tips, ideas and recipe inspiration, they 7. Divide mixture among tortillas. help to keep California prunes on the minds and in the shopping carts 8. Add optional toppings and enjoy. of consumers,” says Zea. “The partnership with our RDN Ambassadors is one of our most effective ways to underscore that California prunes are a premium fruit recognized throughout the world for legendary flavor Additional RDN Ambassador recipes can be found on the California and quality.” prunes website at www.californiadriedplums.org.

96 March 2019 | NUTFRUIT Industry News KEY CHANGES TO THE NEW BRC ISSUE 8

Antonio Munguia, Technical Director at Safe Food Alliance

he new code is out! The British Retail Why the Change Key Changes in Issue 8 Consortium (or BRC) has released With the ever-increasing need for more safe » An emphasis on improving company-wide Tthe new version of its auditing code food, the entire food industry has had to food safety culture and we thought it would be helpful to point find innovative ways to meet the demand. » Greater requirements for environmental out the biggest changes from the previous Companies look to new technologies to create monitoring to reflect its increasing version. For those of you who are newer to more efficient systems with higher returns. importance food safety, BRC is a group of food industry As a result, operations often become more » Encouragement for sites to further develop experts who have developed technical complex and create greater opportunities for systems for security and food defense, standards to be used by processors for the food safety mistakes to occur. BRC took note including cybersecurity safe production of food since 1998. This of these trends and conducted a full evaluation » Additional clarity on the requirements for standard is called the BRC Global Standard of Issue 7’s strengths and potential areas for high-risk, high-care and ambient high-care for Food Safety. Becoming BRC certified can improvement. The evaluation coupled with the production risk zones be very beneficial to processing facilities. Not many regulations that have gone into effect » Clearer standards for sites manufacturing only is the GFSI scheme globally recognized, this past year, gave the group a very clear pet food but having an audited food safety plan in understanding of how the standard could better » An entire section (Section 9) focusing solely place has been proven to improve efficiencies, support the industry and ensure safe food. on traded goods save companies money, and decrease the » A requirement for companies to adopt an possibility for liability issues. For those of you who are newer anonymous whistle-blower reporting system to food safety, BRC is a group of Source: https://www.brcglobalstandards.com/brc-global- food industry experts who have standards/food-safety/ developed technical standards to be used by processors for the safe While these changes reflect a handful of production of food since 1998. This highlights, there are smaller but significant standard is called the BRC Global revisions throughout the issue. To get an even Standard for Food Safety. better understanding of what’s going on with The new BRC Global Standard for Food the new issue, go to safefoodalliance.com and Safety was released in August 2018 after What’s Stayed the Same search for BRC. There you will find our BRC Issue collaboration and improvement by key Consistent with Issue 7, the BRC Standard 8 Resource Guide, information on upcoming BRC stakeholders in food manufacturing, retail, continues to require the adoption of courses, and free webinars. Within the resource and food service. This new edition officially fundamental food safety concepts including guide, there is a point by point breakdown of every replaced Issue 7 as of February 2019, and Hazard Analysis and Critical Control points important change made in the new issue. We any facility seeking BRC certification or (HACCP), a document quality management suggest that anyone who is interested in pursuing recertification from then on is evaluated system and control of factory environmental certification under the new issue download this against Issue 8. standards, process, and personnel. easy to use resource. If you would like to talk with a Certification IMPLEMENTATION TIME LINE: Body about your interest in pursuing BRC certification, get a quote for an audit or pre- August 2018 Standard published assessment, or schedule an audit, please September 2018 Approved Training Partner training contact Samuel Greenlee, Auditing Services October 2018 Auditor and site training begins Administrator, at samg@safefoodcertifications. st February 1 , 2019 Audits commence: all audits will now be conducted in accordance with Issue 8. com or (+1) 916-246-2806.

March 2019 | NUTFRUIT 97 Industry News THE TOP 18 MACADAMIA PRODUCT INNOVATIONS OF 2018

Lynne Ziehlke, Australian Macadamias Market Development Manager

acadamia product innovation flourished last year, with many inspiring products Mlaunched globally in multiple product © capebyrondistillery.com / © charlesworthnuts.com.au / © milkadamia.com / © Meiji / © Aliexpress.com categories. Proving how versatile macadamias are as an ingredient in commercial food, beverage on indulgence, while also being high in essential in 3 limited edition flavours containing macadamia and beauty products, 2018’s innovations also fats and protein and low in sugar. pieces for added texture and indulgence. highlighted a number of key trends: health, » Milnuts 3’clock Beverage (Japan): Macadamia, » Zebra White Chocolate Macadamia Organic premiumisation, dairy alternatives and localisation. almond and cashew-based beverages available Popcorn (USA): This quintessentially American As macadamia production globally enters an in honey, cacao and berry flavours from Meiji, snack was given a unique flavour twist, exciting new chapter, the Australian macadamia these satisfying yet healthy liquid snacks come in described as “a heightened level of richness industry is supporting food manufacturers seeking to handy single-serve brick packs. when macadamia nuts and white chocolate increase their commitment to macadamia use and entwine in one sinfully unforgettable mouthful.” include macadamias in their innovation pipelines. Premiumisation » Dean & Deluca’s Mooncake with Macadamia Here’s a taste of how manufacturers around » Starbucks Macadamia Cookie Latté (South Nuts and White Lotus (Singapore): Said the world embraced our product. Korea): Released for autumn, this super- to “leave you satiated without that cloying indulgent sweet flavoured latte is topped with sweetness,” the crunch of the macadamias cut Health macadamia cookie crumbs. through the sweetness of the white lotus paste » Three Squirrels Daily Nut Bottles (China): » Mac. by Brookies (Australia): A premium in these upmarket mooncakes. Packaged to resemble stylised vitamin pill Macadamia and Wattleseed liqueur described » Azumino Food Sweet Café Macadamia bottles, Daily Nut Bottles feature a mix of nuts, as “effortlessly smooth”, enjoy this versatile Coffee Jelly (Japan): This limited-edition coffee with 7 macadamias in every bottle. beverage over ice, or as an innovative twist in an jelly was teamed with a creamy macadamia » Meiji Macadamia Hojicha Chocolate (Japan): espresso martini. paste, with the macadamias’ taste and texture Meiji paired hojicha roasted green tea with » Salty Macadamia Pearls (Australia): Whole balancing the bitter flavour of the coffee. macadamias and milk chocolate to create a salted macadamias covered in white chocolate delicate sweet treat that meets demand for great with a lustrous finish, this limited edition product Dairy Alternatives tasting better-for-you products. from Charlesworth Nuts achieves a perfect » Trader Joe’s Almond, Cashew & Macadamia » The Primal Pantry Macadamia & Coconut balance of sweet and salty. Beverage (USA): Ticking the vegan and Paleo Bars (UK): Containing just 4 wholefood » Krispy Kreme Macadamia Choco-ring numerous “free from” boxes, Trader Joe’s ingredients -macadamias, dates, coconut and Doughnut (South Korea): Part of the ‘High Almond, Cashew & Macadamia beverage has cashews- that are said to make this product “so Cacao’ range from Korea’s Krispy Kreme, a rich been described as “the creamiest, dreamiest, irresistible.” chocolate glaze is paired with macadamias for a nut-based beverage on the market.” » Bitebox Mac Daddy (Germany): Macadamia five-star doughnut experience. » Milkadamia Creamers (USA): Available in kernel packaged specifically for consumption » Inoar Kalice Multifunctional Hair Care (Brazil): Macadamia Fudge, Vanilla and Unsweetened at work, Mac Daddy is “Office Survival Food” for Featuring macadamia oil, this range moisturises Vanilla, these creamers are made from raw the “Office Warrior”. Available in three tin sizes, and repairs hair and has “antioxidant, softening, macadamias and coconut cream, and are it’s a healthy and exclusive option for at-desk protective and emollient properties.” described on pack as “a cuddle in a cup”. snacking. » Tyne Chease Macadamia Truffle (UK): An » Locako Grass Fed Collagen Peppermint Localisation alternative to cheese combining the flavour Macadamia Brownie Bites (Australia): » Ganso Crunchy Snow Mooncakes (China): These and texture of macadamias with a touch This product sees macadamias paired with popular mooncakes feature an ice cream centre of white truffle oil to produce “rich but collagen, for a convenient snack that delivers encased in a Taiwanese crepe, and were released exquisite notes”.

98 March 2019 | NUTFRUIT Industry News HEALTHY EATING IS AT THE HEART OF THE NEW PROMOTIONAL CAMPAIGN

Once, nuts were considered little more than a garnish for Christmas meals, but times have changed: They make a perfect, healthy snack all year round and demand has soared as a result.

ccording to the 2018 Ismea-Nielsen report on Italian eating habits, the consumption of nuts has risen by around 10% Acompared to the previous year. The reasons for the impressive growth are many, but one of the strongest is the growing care Italians take when it comes to their wellness, especially their diet. with nutritional news, recipes and interesting facts about nuts and dried Nuts have undergone a serious re-evaluation over the last decade fruits. Additionally, two clinical studies per month were selected from the as a desire for novelty and originality has made them a staple in many most recent scientific publications on nuts and dried fruits and posted in people’s diets, from healthy, portable snacks to breakfast material, as the section dedicated to medical professionals. well as great additions to salads or new ingredients for a wide variety The “Nucis Italia - Frutta secca è benessere” Facebook page has of recipes. Nucis Italia is an association for producers and sellers in the reached almost 34,000 followers, with an update rate of four posts per Bel Paese and for 12 years has been raising awareness of the beneficial week, posting assorted types of content from infographics and videos to properties of nuts and dried fruits, not just among consumers but also science news, links and posts related to nuts and dried fruits. All content the scientific community. Through the promotion of the numerous studies published on Facebook and on the website is rigorously examined by that are carried out every year on the various types of nuts and dried an internal Sprim science committee. Furthermore, in order to spread fruits, the association has engaged over 2,000 general practitioners, the campaign’s message and news on dried fruit among an even wider nutritionists and cardiologists, who have gone on to provide informational audience, a series of press releases (approximately one a month) were kits on nuts and dried fruits in their clinics and advise patients to include sent to over 150 online and offline news sources aimed at traders as well this food category in their diets. as consumers, resulting in dozens of publications. Since June 2018, Nucis has entrusted the management of its communication campaign to Sprim Italia Srl, a consulting agency specialized in Health and Wellbeing. Sprim launched the “Nuts and New Dietary Styles” project, a work program tailored to promoting nuts and dried fruits as a great addition to a variety of different diets, from weight-loss to vegetarian or vegan, for everyone from athletes to growing teenagers. The whole concept of an informational campaign was reinvented to ensure all information was clear and effective, but the main message that Nucis has been promoting for years is still at the heart of it: “Frutta secca è benessere” (Nuts and dried fruits are well-being). The new concept was finalized following the analysis of four focus groups, organized in December in Milan and Rome, during which two communication proposals were put forth. The scientific foundation of the health benefits of nuts and dried fruits While updating the concept, Sprim also carried out the activities is the beating heart of Nucis’ communication campaign, and therefore related to Nucis’ multichannel campaign. In Autumn 2018, posters and it is fundamental for the association to increase the number of medical informational totems were set up in 1,087 supermarkets across Italy to professionals involved in the project. To increase the support from the provide information regarding the benefits nuts and dried fruits provide, medical community, over 6,000 new medical professionals have been with the initiative reaching over 3,000,000 families over 3 weeks. Online contacted between January and February to request their participation the www.nucisitalia.it website and the association’s Facebook page have in the project and to make them “ambassadors” promoting healthy diets been constantly updated. The website was augmented on a weekly basis which include nuts and dried fruits.

March 2019 | NUTFRUIT 99 Industry News NUCIS GERMANY DELIBERATES ON COMMUNICATION: HOW TO ADDRESS NUTRITION PROFESSIONALS DIRECTLY?

A newsletter is a way to directly address nutrition professionals and encourage them to be proactive. For Nucis Germany, this method has been proven to be one of the best ways to keep in touch with them.

uts are a great way to eat healthily and therefore it’s worth promoting this positive point. Nuts are not a fad but a natural Nand valuable product that has been consumed for millennia and their relevance is growing. But it is not enough to wait until someone finds information on Nucis Germany and nuts on the Internet and shares it with (at best) other nutrition experts. There are many rumors and half truths about nutrition, and nuts in particular, which turn out to be very persistent. Although the situation has improved during recent years regarding nuts, nutritionists still report The Professionalism and Rigor of the Newsletters this problem: people tend to hold on to mistaken ideas about nutrition Nutritionists and their patients are faced with a lot of information instead of accepting scientific facts. Maybe they simply accept what they about healthy eating but there is a need to evaluate it. It is important learned from their parents, maybe they never question the conventional to distinguish between what is true / untrue and what is relevant / “wisdom” of their social environment. Whatever the reason, it is not irrelevant. This is where Nucis Germany helps, as the newsletters spread enough to confront them with some abstract scientific studies. information written by nutritionists. As the newsletter offers direct contact with nutritionists, and given Our newsletter, like the one that the INC began sending to health the enthusiastic response, we say that it’s the best way to address the professionals last year, presents information without being dogmatic. sector of the public that is most in need of accurate information about all Intensive research has proven time and again the valuable properties of these topics. Most readers have requested the newsletter after a personal nuts and their benefits for human health. We believe that this is a treasure conversation with Nucis Germany at a congress: they remember Nucis which must be communicated and if we go on, there is much more to and they want to keep in direct contact with its office. discover. We are in no danger of running out of positive messages to share. Choosing the Right Topic Nucis Germany is glad that the standard of information about In the matter of choosing the topics to include in the newsletter, those nutrition and nuts has improved a lot in recent years. To give an example: which are more exclusive or considered “hot topics” are covered in losing weight is on many people’s minds and therefore so is their diet, more depth, in order to ensure the nutrition professionals have the especially in spring. So what does Nucis do? We send a newsletter to most up-to-date information. explain that nuts are not only unproblematic for weight-loss strategies Nowadays, new foods and diets are constantly coming on to but even can support them. the market before disappearing again. Therefore, it is necessary to Nucis always take the applicable legal regulations and laws into regularly point out the health benefits of these new food trends and, account when sending out newsletters. in our case, nuts. All newsletters are available online at www.nucis.de

100 March 2019 | NUTFRUIT Industry News CHILENUT REORGANIZES THE NUT INDUSTRY

Through the grower and exporter trade association, Chilenut is looking to act on all fronts to maintain the prestige and quality of Chilean walnuts.

hilean walnuts are going through a production zones and running technical and provide information such as export progress major change due to their growing trade seminars, including Exponut on April 23, compared to other seasons, pulp yield, size Cproduction volume. In 2018, 125 an event that will discuss everything walnut- and many other aspects. thousand tons were harvested, setting a related, from orchards to destination markets. record that will be broken again this year In addition, Di Cosmo announced that several Chilenut’s chairman, Nicolás as expectations are pointing towards 150 activities are scheduled this year in conjunction Di Cosmo, noted that Chilean thousand tons. Coordinated work among the with the Chilean government through ProChile, walnuts have earned great prestige entire industry will be critical in order to face the a subsidiary of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, internationally, which they intend production and commercial challenges of the and other initiatives will be developed as part of to maintain despite the increase upcoming years. Efforts in 2019 will be focused the Asia-Pacific Economic Forum (APEC 2019). in export volumes. on quality and market information. Just as in 2017, when the two entities Chilenut’s chairman, Nicolás Di Cosmo, that represented the industry merged into According to Mr Di Cosmo, “the idea noted that Chilean walnuts have earned Chilenut to design the trade and promotional behind these reports is to make the global great prestige internationally, which they strategies which were to be adopted under the nut industry aware of the current condition intend to maintain despite the increase in new scenario, the Chilean trade association of Chilean production. This way, the different export volumes. In order to achieve this goal, has announced the creation of a market report stakeholders involved can make informed during the year they will be working with system that will constitute the industry’s official decisions regarding how, when and where to growers in the field in the country’s different statistics. The objective of the system is to locate the growing export supply”.

March 2019 | NUTFRUIT 101 Advertisers in this Issue

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102 March 2019 | NUTFRUIT